Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All inter-company transactions have been eliminated. Beginning with the condensed consolidated financial statements for the three months ended December 31, 2020, the Company has reflected Interior Products as discontinued operations for all periods presented. Unless otherwise noted, amounts and disclosures throughout these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements relate to the Company's continuing operations. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in these consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant items subject to such estimates include inventories, purchase price allocations, recoverability of goodwill and intangibles, and income taxes. Assumptions made in the development of these estimates contemplate the impact of the novel coronavirus (“COVID‑19”) on the economy and the Company’s anticipated results; however, actual amounts could differ materially from these estimates.

Fiscal Year

Beacon uses a fiscal reporting calendar which begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal years presented are the years ended September 30, 2021 (“2021”), September 30, 2020 (“2020”), and September 30, 2019 (“2019”). Each of the Company’s fiscal quarters ends on the last day of the calendar month.

As announced on August 17, 2021, the Company will change its fiscal year end from September 30 to December 31, which will be effective beginning January 1, 2022, for the year ending December 31, 2022. The Company plans to file a transition report on Form 10‑QT for the transition period from October 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021. This change better aligns the Company’s financial reporting calendar with many of its industry peers and provides internal benefits by shifting the timing of the budgeting, physical inventory, and performance review cycles away from the Company’s busiest time of year.

Segment Information

Operating segments are defined as components of a business that can earn revenue and incur expenses for which discrete financial information is evaluated on a regular basis by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) in order to decide how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Company’s CODM, the Chief Executive Officer, reviews consolidated results of operations to make decisions, therefore the Company views its operations and manages its business as one operating segment.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents also include unsettled credit card transactions. Cash equivalents are composed of money market funds which invest primarily in commercial paper or bonds with a rating of A-1 or better, and bank certificates of deposit.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are derived from unpaid invoiced amounts and are recorded at their net realizable value. The allowance for doubtful accounts is calculated based on actual historical write-offs and current economic factors and represents the Company’s best estimate of its credit exposure. Each month the Company reviews its receivables on a customer-by-customer basis and any balances that are deemed uncollectible are written off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. The Company’s accounts receivable are primarily from customers in the building industry located in the United States and Canada, and no single customer represented at least 10% of the Company’s revenue during the year ended September 30, 2021 or accounts receivable as of September 30, 2021.

Concentrations of Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents and accounts receivable. The Company maintains the majority of its cash and cash equivalents with one financial institution, which management believes to be financially sound and with minimal credit risk. The Company’s deposits typically exceed amounts guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

Inventories (Including Vendor Rebates)

Inventories, consisting substantially of finished goods, are valued at the lower of cost or market (net realizable value). Cost is determined using the moving weighted-average cost method.

The Company’s arrangements with vendors typically provide for rebates after it makes a special purchase and/or monthly, quarterly and/or annual rebates of a specified amount of consideration payable when a number of measures have been achieved. Annual rebates are generally related to a specified cumulative level of purchases on a calendar-year basis. The Company accounts for such rebates as a reduction of the inventory value until the product is sold, at which time such rebates reduce cost of products sold in the consolidated statements of operations. Throughout the year, the Company estimates the amount of the periodic rebates based upon the expected level of purchases. The Company continually revises these estimates to reflect actual rebates earned based on actual purchase levels. Amounts due from vendors under these arrangements are included in “prepaid expenses and other current assets” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment acquired in connection with acquisitions are recorded at fair value as of the date of the acquisition and depreciated utilizing the straight-line method over the estimated remaining lives. All other additions are recorded at cost, and depreciation is computed using the straight-line method. The Company reviews the estimated useful lives of its fixed assets on an ongoing basis and the following table summarizes the estimates currently used:


Asset Class		Estimated Useful Life
Buildings and improvements		40 years
Equipment		3 to 7 years
Furniture and fixtures		7 years
Leasehold improvements		Shorter of the estimated useful life or the term of the lease, considering renewal options expected to be exercised.

Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangibles

On an annual basis and at interim periods when circumstances require, the Company tests the recoverability of its goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets and reviews for indicators of impairment. Examples of such indicators include a significant change in the business climate, unexpected competition, loss of key personnel or a decline in the Company’s market capitalization below the Company’s net book value.

The Company performs impairment assessments at the reporting unit level, which is defined as an operating segment or one level below an operating segment, also known as a component. The Company currently has three components which it evaluates for aggregation by examining the distribution methods, sales mix, and operating results of each component to determine if these characteristics will be sustained over a long-term basis. For purposes of this evaluation, the Company expects its components to exhibit similar economic

characteristics 3-5 years after events such as an acquisition within the Company’s core roofing business or management/business restructuring. Components that exhibit similar economic characteristics are subsequently aggregated into a single reporting unit. Based on the Company’s most recent impairment assessment performed as of August 31, 2021, it was determined that all of the Company’s components exhibited similar economic characteristics, and therefore should be aggregated into a single reporting unit (collectively, the “Reporting Unit”).

To test for the recoverability of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, the Company first performs a qualitative assessment based on economic, industry and company-specific factors for all or selected reporting units to determine whether the existence of events and circumstances indicates that it is more likely than not that the goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired. Based on the results of the qualitative assessment, two additional steps in the impairment assessment may be required. The first step would require a comparison of each reporting unit’s fair value to the respective carrying value. If the carrying value exceeds the fair value, a second step is performed to measure the amount of impairment loss on a relative fair value basis, if any.

Based on the Company’s most recent qualitative impairment assessment performed as of August 31, 2021, the Company concluded that there were no indicators of impairment, and that therefore it was more likely than not that the fair value of the goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets exceeded their net carrying amount, and therefore the quantitative two-step impairment test was not required.

The Company amortizes certain identifiable intangible assets that have finite lives, currently consisting of non-compete agreements, customer relationships and trade names. Non-compete agreements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the associated contractual agreements; customer relationship assets are amortized on an accelerated basis based on the expected cash flows generated by the existing customers; and trade names are amortized on an accelerated basis over a five or ten year period. Amortizable intangible assets are tested for impairment, when deemed necessary, based on undiscounted cash flows and, if impaired, are written down to fair value based on either discounted cash flows or appraised values. In connection with certain financing arrangements, the Company has debt issuance costs that are amortized over the lives of the associated financings.

Evaluation of Long-Lived Assets

The Company evaluates the recoverability of its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. Recoverability is measured by comparing the carrying amount of the asset to the future undiscounted cash flows the asset is expected to generate. If the asset is considered to be impaired, the amount of any impairment is measured as the difference between the carrying value and the fair value of the impaired asset.

Fair Value Measurement

The Company applies fair value accounting for all financial assets and liabilities that are reported at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The accounting guidance establishes a defined three-tier hierarchy to classify and disclose the fair value of assets and liabilities on both the date of their initial measurement as well as all subsequent periods. The hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value by the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement. The three levels are described as follows:

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Level 1: Observable inputs. Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities;

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Level 2: Observable inputs other than the quoted price. Includes quoted prices for similar instruments, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in inactive markets and amounts derived from valuation models where all significant inputs are observable in active markets; and

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Level 3: Unobservable inputs. Includes amounts derived from valuation models where one or more significant inputs are unobservable and require the Company to develop relevant assumptions.

The Company evaluates its financial assets and liabilities subject to fair value measurements on a recurring basis to determine the appropriate level of classification as of each reporting period.

Financial Derivatives

The Company has entered into interest rate swaps to minimize the risks and costs associated with financing activities, as well as to maintain an appropriate mix of fixed-rate and floating-rate debt. The swap agreements are contracts to exchange variable-rate for fixed-interest rate payments over the life of the agreements. The Company's derivative instruments are designated as cash flow hedges, for which the Company records changes in their fair value, net of tax, in other comprehensive income.

Net Sales

The Company records net sales when performance obligations with the customer are satisfied. A performance obligation is a promise to transfer a distinct good to the customer and is the unit of account. The transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as net sales when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. All contracts have a single performance obligation as the promise to transfer the individual good is not separately identifiable from other promises and is, therefore, not distinct. Performance obligations are satisfied at a point in time and net sales are recognized when the customer accepts the delivery of a product or takes possession of a product with rights and rewards of ownership. For goods shipped by third party carriers, the Company recognizes revenue upon shipment since the terms are generally FOB shipping point at which time control passes to the customer. The Company also arranges for certain products to be shipped directly from the manufacturer to the customer. The Company recognizes the gross revenue for these sales upon shipment as the terms are FOB shipping point at which time control passes to the customer.

The Company enters into agreements with customers to offer rebates, generally based on achievement of specified sales levels and various marketing allowances that are common industry practice. Reductions to net sales for customer programs and incentive offerings, including promotions and other volume-based incentives, are estimated using the most likely amount method and recorded in the period in which the sale occurs. Provisions for early payment discounts are accrued in the same period in which the sale occurs. The Company does not have any material payment terms as payment is received shortly after the transfer of control of the products to the customer. Commissions to internal sales teams are paid to obtain contracts. As these contracts are less than one year, these costs are expensed as incurred.

The Company includes shipping and handling costs billed to customers in net sales. Related costs are accounted for as fulfillment activities and are recognized as cost of products sold when control of the products transfers to the customer.

Leases

The Company mostly operates in leased facilities, which are accounted for as operating leases. The leases typically provide for a base rent plus real estate taxes and insurance. Certain of the leases provide for escalating rents over the lives of the leases, and rent expense is recognized over the terms of those leases on a straight-line basis. The real estate leases expire between 2021 and 2038.

In addition, the Company leases equipment such as trucks and forklifts. Equipment leases are accounted for as either operating or finance leases. The equipment leases expire between 2021 and 2028.

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating and finance lease assets and liabilities are included within the consolidated balance sheets, with finance lease assets included in property and equipment, net.

Lease assets and liabilities are recognized at the present value of the future lease payments at the lease commencement date. The interest rate used to determine the present value of the future lease payments is the Company’s incremental borrowing rate, because the interest rates implicit in most of the leases are not readily determinable. The incremental borrowing rate is estimated to approximate the interest rate on a collateralized basis with similar terms and payments.

Lease assets include any prepaid lease payments and lease incentives. The Company’s lease terms include periods under options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that those options will be exercised. The Company generally uses the base, non-cancelable lease term when determining the lease assets and liabilities. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. For finance leases, the lease asset is depreciated over the lease term and interest expense is recorded using the effective interest method.

The Company’s lease agreements generally contain lease and non-lease components. Non-lease components primarily include payments for maintenance and utilities. The Company has elected to combine fixed payments for non-lease components with lease payments and account for them together as a single lease component, which increases the lease assets and liabilities.

Payments under the Company’s lease agreements are primarily fixed. However, certain lease agreements contain variable payments, which are expensed as incurred and are not included in the operating lease assets and liabilities. These amounts include payments affected by the Consumer Price Index and reimbursements to landlords for items such as property insurance and common area costs. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company applies the fair value method to recognize compensation expense for stock-based awards. Using this method, the estimated grant-date fair value of the award is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period based on the portion of the award that is expected to vest. The Company estimates forfeitures at the time of grant and revises the estimates, if necessary, in subsequent

periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. For awards with a performance-based vesting condition, the Company accrues stock-based compensation expense if it is probable that the performance condition will be achieved.

Stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock units is measured based on the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the grant date. The Company utilizes the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the grant-date fair value of option awards. The exercise price of option awards is set to equal the estimated fair value of the common stock at the date of the grant. The following weighted-average assumptions are also used to calculate the estimated fair value of option awards:

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Expected volatility: The expected volatility of the Company’s shares is estimated using the historical stock price volatility over the most recent period commensurate with the estimated expected term of the awards.

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Expected term: For employee stock option awards, the Company determines the weighted average expected term equal to the weighted period between the vesting period and the contract life of all outstanding options.

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Dividend yield: The Company has not paid dividends and does not anticipate paying a cash dividend in the foreseeable future and, accordingly, uses an expected dividend yield of zero.

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Risk-free interest rate: The Company bases the risk-free interest rate on the implied yield available on a U.S. Treasury note with a term equal to the estimated expected term of the awards.

Foreign Currency Translation

The Company’s operations located outside of the United States where the local currency is the functional currency are translated into U.S. dollars using the current rate method. Results of operations are translated at the average rate of exchange for the period. Assets and liabilities are translated at the closing rates on the period end date. Gains and losses on translation of these accounts are accumulated and reported as a separate component of equity and other comprehensive income (loss). Gains and losses on foreign currency transactions are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations as a component of interest expense, financing costs, and other.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes using the liability method, which requires it to recognize a current tax liability or asset for current taxes payable or refundable and a deferred tax liability or asset for the estimated future tax effects of temporary differences between the financial statement and tax reporting bases of assets and liabilities to the extent that they are realizable. Deferred tax expense (benefit) results from the net change in deferred tax assets and liabilities during the year.

FASB ASC Topic 740 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Based on this guidance, the Company analyzes its filing positions in all of the federal and state jurisdictions where it is required to file income tax returns, as well as all open tax years in these jurisdictions. Tax benefits from uncertain tax positions are recognized if it is more likely than not that the position is sustainable based solely on its technical merits.

Net Income (Loss) per Share

Basic net income (loss) per share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, without consideration for common share equivalents or the conversion of Preferred Stock. Common share equivalents consist of the incremental common shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock unit awards. Diluted net income (loss) per common share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the fully diluted weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period.

Holders of Preferred Stock participate in dividends on an as-converted basis when declared on common shares. As a result, Preferred Stock is classified as a participating security and thereby requires the allocation of income that would have otherwise been available to common stockholders when calculating net income (loss) per share.

Diluted net income (loss) per share is calculated by utilizing the most dilutive result of the if-converted and two-class methods. In both methods, net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders and the weighted-average common shares outstanding are adjusted to account for the impact of the assumed issuance of potential common shares that are dilutive, subject to dilution sequencing rules.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements—Adopted

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, “Income Taxes – Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes.” This guidance is intended to simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions, clarifying existing guidance and improving consistent application of the guidance. The Company early adopted this standard for the year ended September 30, 2021. The adoption of the standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements and related disclosures.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” This guidance is intended to introduce a revised approach to the recognition and measurement of credit losses, emphasizing an updated model based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. This new standard became effective for the Company on October 1, 2020. The adoption of the new standard was done using the modified-retrospective approach, through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of October 1, 2020. The most significant effect of the standard was an increase to the Company’s accounts receivable reserve and a corresponding retained earnings adjustment of approximately $4.3 million on October 1, 2020.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, “Simplifying the Accounting for Goodwill Impairment.” This guidance is intended to introduce a simplified approach to measurement of goodwill impairment, eliminating the need for a hypothetical purchase price allocation and instead measuring impairment by the amount a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value. This new standard became effective for the Company on October 1, 2020. The adoption of this new guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements and related disclosures.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements—Not Yet Adopted

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, “Business Combinations – Accounting for Contract Assets and Contact Liabilities from Contracts with Customers.” The guidance is intended to improve the accounting for acquired revenue contracts with customers in a business combination by addressing diversity in practice. The guidance requires an acquirer to recognize and measure contract assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with Topic 606 as if they had originated the contracts, as opposed to at fair value on the acquisition date. The standard will be effective for business combinations that occur after January 1, 2023. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this guidance may have on its financial statements and related disclosures.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848), Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting.” The guidance provides optional practical expedients to ease the potential burden in accounting for contract modifications and hedge accounting related to reference rate reform. In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-01, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848), Scope,” to clarify the scope of the guidance and reduce potential diversity in practice. The standard is effective as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. However, the standard is not applicable to contract modifications made, and hedging relationships entered into or evaluated after, December 31, 2022. The Company will evaluate and disclose the impact of this guidance in the period of election, as well as the nature and reason for doing so.