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Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
The effective tax rate on earnings was 47.9% for the 2023 Quarter and 302.7% for the 2023 Period compared to 30.7% for the 2022 Quarter and 32.8% for the 2022 Period. A reconciliation of U.S. statutory federal income tax expense to income tax expense follows:

3ME
 June 30
6ME
June 30
(In millions)2023202220232022
U.S statutory federal income tax expense$27 $22 $$40 
Increase (decrease) in taxes resulting from:
State and local income taxes, net of federal income tax effects— (2)
Valuation allowance, net23 20 75 35 
Foreign tax impacts(13)16 (10)
Noncontrolling interest(1)(2)(3)
Sale of AMECO South America— — (10)— 
Other adjustments— 
Total income tax expense$63 $32 $93 $63