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Cover - USD ($)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Mar. 12, 2021
Jun. 30, 2020
Cover [Abstract]      
Document Type 10-K    
Document Annual Report true    
Document Period End Date Dec. 31, 2020    
Current Fiscal Year End Date --12-31    
Document Transition Report false    
Entity File Number 001-33133    
Entity Registrant Name YIELD10 BIOSCIENCE, INC.    
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code DE    
Entity Tax Identification Number 04-3158289    
Entity Address, Address Line One 19 Presidential Way    
Entity Address, City or Town Woburn    
Entity Address, State or Province MA    
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code 01801    
City Area Code 617    
Local Phone Number 583-1700    
Title of 12(b) Security Common Stock    
Trading Symbol YTEN    
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer No    
Entity Voluntary Filers No    
Entity Current Reporting Status Yes    
Entity Interactive Data Current Yes    
Entity Filer Category Non-accelerated Filer    
Entity Small Business true    
Entity Emerging Growth Company false    
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag false    
Entity Shell Company false    
Entity Public Float     $ 9,581,299
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding   4,865,335  
Documents Incorporated by Reference [Text Block]
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Pursuant to General Instruction G to Form 10-K, the information required by Part III, Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 is incorporated herein by reference from the Company's proxy statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on May 24, 2021, which is expected to be filed not later than 120 days after the fiscal year end covered by this Form 10-K.
    
Document Fiscal Year Focus 2020    
Document Fiscal Period Focus FY    
Amendment Flag false    
Entity Central Index Key 0001121702