Yield10 Bioscience, Inc. (NASDAQCM:YTEN) Filed Pursuant to Rule 433 Reg. Statement No. 333-233683 Investor Presentation October 11, 2019 Yield10, an Agricultural Bioscience Company using its “Trait Factory” to Develop High Value Seed Traits for the Agriculture and Food Industries Today October 25, 2019

Safe Harbor Statement* The statements made by Yield10 Bioscience, Inc. (the “Company,” “we,” “our” or “us”) herein regarding the Company and its business may be forward-looking in nature and are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements describe the Company’s future plans, projections, strategies and expectations, including statements regarding future results of operations and financial position, business strategy, prospective products and technologies, expectations related to research and development activities, timing for receiving and reporting results of field tests and likelihood of success, and objectives of the Company for the future, and are based on certain assumptions and involve a number of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond the control of the Company, including, but not limited to, the risks detailed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 and other reports filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Forward-looking statements include all statements which are not historical facts and can generally be identified by terms such as anticipates, believes, could, estimates, intends, may, plans, projects, should, will, would, or the negative of those terms and similar expressions. Because forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, some of which cannot be predicted or quantified and may be beyond the Company’s control, you should not rely on these statements as predictions of future events. Actual results could differ materially from those projected due to our history of losses, lack of market acceptance of our products and technologies, the complexity of technology development and relevant regulatory processes, market competition, changes in the local and national economies, and various other factors. All forward-looking statements contained herein speak only as of the date hereof, and the Company undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements, whether to reflect new information, events or circumstances after the date hereof or otherwise, except as may be required by law. Today*Under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 2

Free Writing Prospectus This presentation highlights basic information about us and the offering.Because it is a summary that has been prepared solely for informational purposes, it does not contain all of the information that you should consider before investing in our company.Except as otherwise indicated, this presentation speaks only as of the date hereof. This presentation does not constitute an offer to sell, nor a solicitation of an offer to buy, any securities by any person in any jurisdiction in which it is unlawful for such person to make such an offering or solicitation. Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) nor any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of our securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this presentation. Any representation to the contrary is acriminal offense. This presentation includes industry and market data that we obtained from industry publications and journals, third-party studies and surveys, internal company studies and surveys, and other publicly available information. Industry publications and surveys generally state that the information contained therein has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable. Although we believe the industry and market data to be reliable as of the date of this presentation, this information could prove to be inaccurate. Industry and market data could be wrong because of the method by which sources obtained their data and because information cannot always be verified with complete certainty due to the limits on the availability and reliability of raw data, the voluntary nature of the data gathering process and other limitations and uncertainties.In addition, we do not know all of the assumptions that were used in preparing the forecasts from the sources relied upon or cited herein. We have filed a Registration Statement on Form S-1 with the SEC, including a preliminary prospectus dated September 9, 2019 (the “Preliminary Prospectus”) and an amended Form S-1/A dated October 11, 2019, with respect to the offering of our securities to which this communication relates. Before you invest, you should read the Preliminary Prospectus (including the risk factors described therein) and, when available, the final prospectus relating to the offering, and the other documents filed with the SEC and incorporated by reference into the Preliminary Prospectus, for more complete information about us and the offering. You may obtain these documents, including the Preliminary Prospectus, for free by visiting EDGAR on the SEC website at http://sec.gov. Alternatively, we or any underwriter participating in the offering will arrange to send you the prospectus if you request it by contacting Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc., Attn: TodaySyndicate Department, 277 Park Avenue, 26th Floor, New York, NY 10172 or by email at prospectus@ladenburg.com. 3

Yield10 Bioscience (NASDAQ: YTEN) An Agricultural Bioscience Company which uses its “Trait Factory” to Develop High Value Seed Traits for the Agriculture and Food Industries Strong leadership and R&D team (Boston, USA and Saskatoon, Canada) TRAIT FACTORY Performance traits for major crops and specialty products Relationships in place with market leaders in major crops 3-5 years Building IP position and path to specialty product revenue PRODUCTS Series of upcoming milestones “The impacts of climate change on land will raise food prices and risk widespread food instability, Today but there are solutions,” says latest UN IPCC Report Aug 2019 4

Near-term Milestones Corporate and R&D Milestones Period Completed • Initiate early development program in corn to evaluate novel traits Jan 2019  • Raise $2.9 million Registered Direct Offering – Common Stock only, At-Market Pricing Mar 2019  • Exclusive worldwide license with University of Missouri for tech to boost oil content May 2019  • New patent application filed on high level PHA production in the oilseed Camelina July 2019  • Expand research license with Bayer for evaluation of a novel C3004 yield trait in soybean Aug 2019  • Expand trait research licensing to a market leader in an additional crop—Simplot/Potato Oct 2019  • R&D Services Agreement Q4 2019 • Field data for Canola C3003 Q4/Q1 2020 • Field and research data for Camelina C3004 Q4/Q1 2020 • Field and research data for CRISPR genome edited oil content traits Q4/Q1 2020 • Expand trait research licensing to market leader in an additional crop Q1/Q2 2020 Today 5

Yield10 Additional Upcoming Milestones Yield10 is working to advance our crop technologies and form collaborations • Performance Traits • Expand trait licensing to additional Ag majors to maximize acreage for yield traits • Support Bayer, Forage Genetics, Simplot and other Ag majors in their development • Progress commercial development of C3003 in canola and other crops (soybean, corn) • Report on C3004 Camelina 2019 field tests, fast-track into canola and corn • Report progress on oil boosting traits using CRISPR genome editing • Camelina Product Platform • Develop the business plans and partnerships for the Camelina platform • Build our intellectual property portfolio • GRAIN Platform • Secure revenue generating R&D collaborations • Build our intellectual property portfolio Today• Communicate our scientific innovations in technical presentations and papers 6

Path to Commercialization Today

Trait Factory – Products and Path to Revenue The “Trait Factory” leverages 26 years of Technology investment/achievements Platform Products Path to Market & Partners Revenue Revenue Model Potential R&D Services, Funded R&D agreements Trait Factory future future $1-6 million Trait gene discovery Milestone payments License revenue Product optimization future + future royalties Performance Seed yield (genes) Multi-year field trials in canola, $1-3 billion Traits soybean, corn Licensing to Ag majors Oil content (genes) future $100-200 million Specialty Nutritional oils Value chain partners TBD Field trials, product development Products future future PHA biomaterials Seed sales, product sales $10 billion “TRAIT FACTORY” “GRAIN”1 Gene discovery – crop genetic engineering Today 8 1 Gene Ranking Artificial Intelligence Network

Trait Progression to Revenue Generation GRAIN Platform has produced a rich portfolio of performance traits and enables product opportunities Crop/Trait 2018 2019 2020 - 2022 Canola C3003 11% seed yield increase (field) Canola C3004 Canola Edited oil traits Camelina C3004 26-65% seed yield increase (lab) Deploy to increase margins Camelina 5% oil increase (lab) on nutritional oils and PHA biomaterials business Edited oil traits Camelina Confidential Nutritional oils Camelina PHA 10% PHA in seed (lab) GRAIN GRAIN 1.0 GRAIN 2.0 GRAIN 3.0 Indicates where traits are in the development process in the specific crops. Indicates potential timing to revenue generation TodayNote: The “Development” process encompasses engineering the trait into the crop of interest, developing initial field data and line selection to identify the best events for transfer into elite varieties before additional field testing. The goal is to generate multi-site, multi-year performance data or sufficient data to incentivize an Ag major to invest their resources in progressing the trait. 9

Trait Progression – Partner Activities Working with Ag Majors to maximize addressable acreage for performance traits Crop/Trait Partner Agreement 2018 - 2021 Soybean/C3003 Bayer Research License C3003 Development Soybean/C3004 Global leader in soybean Collaboration biotech trait development C3004 and commercialization Sorghum Forage Genetics Research License Development Field test Multiple traits Leader in Sorghum Collaboration development, integrated into dairy production (LOL) Corn Ag Co Fee For Service Multiple Traits Leader in corn genetic Development Field test engineering/germplasm Potato Research License Development Multiple Traits Today 10

Yield10: Rich Pipeline of Trait Genes in Development Many opportunities exist for licensing and/or partnerships Potential Acres Annual Revenue Traits Target Crops (N. America) Potential Seed yield C3003, C3004 canola, soybean1, corn, 200 million $1-3 billion Oil content – focus on genome editing targets C3007 - C3010, C3012 Camelina, canola, soybean 120 million $100-200 million2 Products Nutritional Oils Camelina 10 million TBD PHA Biomaterial Camelina 20-30 million > $10 Billion GRAIN Trait Gene Discovery R&D Agreements TBD - $1-6 million 1. An additional 130 million acres of soybean potential in S. America. 2. Based on a trait value calculated as 10-20% of the value of a 10% increase in oil content and the oil value from the 2017 soybean crush in the US to produce $7.15 billion of soybean oil and the 2017 Canadian canola crush to produce $3.08 billion of canola oil. TodayUnited Soybean Board statistics and Canola Council Statistics 11

Licensing Revenue Model Traits can be deployed using traditional genetic engineering or genome editing tools Licensing revenue model – canola example Regulated Trait (4-8 years) Costs Genome edited trait (3-5 years) Time 1. http://www.statcan.ga.ca/daily-quotidien/161206/dq161206b-eng.htm, AAFC projected canola price 2016-2017 is $520/tonne. Today2. Assumptions: Regulated Yield10 trait: target of 5-12% of the value add for yield traits; used 8% in calculations. 3. Deployment of a non-regulated yield trait through genome editing (revised USDA-APHIS rules) could enable Yield10 to capture a greater proportion of value add based on faster time to market and lower development costs, 20-25% of the trait value (50% of the value that goes to the Seed Co/trait provider)used in the calculation for illustrative purposes. 12

Camelina Platform Market Opportunity & Development Today

Camelina Products – Market Development Strategy PHA Biomaterials – plastic resin grade • Low cost PHA raw material supplier • Empower consumer packaging innovators (App developers) to create consumer solutions with PHA biomaterials Product volume & PHA Biomaterials - water treatment grade revenue • Low technology hurdle – simple separation • Simple to market, large volume potential Nutritional oils • Heart healthy edible oils • Omega oils for feed applications Today Timeline 14

A Compelling Market Opportunity Yield10 develops high value performance traits and specialty crop products Efficiently developing performance and product traits for major crops Global Food and Ag is a ~ $5 trillion market today Milling/Food Manufacturers | Seed Co | Farmers | Supermarket Food production has to increase by 70-100% by 20501 Increased overall demand, increased protein consumption Breakthrough grain crop yield traits are Traits increasing yield by 10-20% would be essential for global food security disruptive to the seed industry Intensification of agriculture increases the environmental burden on land and water Today1. https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/McKinsey/Industries/Private%20Equity%20and%20Principal%20Investors/Our%20Insights/Global%20agricultures%20many%20opportunities/Glob al%20agricultures%20many%20opportunities.ashx 15

Nutrient Run-Off Impacts Human Health and the Environment Human health “Considering all studies, the strongest evidence for a relationship between drinking water nitrate ingestion and adverse health outcomes (besides methemoglobinemia) is for colorectal cancer, thyroid disease, and neural tube defects. Many studies observed increased risk with ingestion of water nitrate levels that were below regulatory limits.” Mary H. Ward et., al. 2018: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health; 15, pp. 1557 Environment Dead zone in Gulf of Mexico linked to nutrient inputs from cities and farms in Mississippi River Basin . Nutrient runoff into Gulf causes algal blooms . Decomposition of algae creates low oxygen levels that kill Sources of Nitrogen Delivered to The Gulf of Mexico fish and marine life Todayhttps://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science- https://www.workboat.com/news/coastal-inland-waterways/noaa-sees- school/science/nitrogen-and-water?qt- very-large-dead-zone-for-gulf-of-mexico/ science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects 16

Cash Cover Crops – The Camelina Platform The oilseed Camelina has large acre potential as a cash cover crop • Cover crops can be planted after the main crop harvest • A second crop from the same land increases productivity • Cash cover crops can increase farm revenue and reduce nutrient run-off • Engineered product traits can make Camelina an attractive cash cover crop • Potential for favorable regulations under revisions to USDA- APHIS 7CFR part 340 • Readily segregated from commodity crops • Prioritize US production, processing and sales Today 17

Camelina Platform for Producing PHA Biomaterials Yield10 has made significant progress in achieving plant-based production of the simplest member of the natural PHA biopolymer family Problem PHA Biomaterial Market Opportunity Water nutrient pollution • PHA a natural biodegradable product for (nitrate/phosphate) denitrification of water systems Plastic pollution • PHA a natural biodegradable replacement for plastics Market adoption severely restricted by current production costs Solution: High PHA production in oilseeds enables low cost PHA • PHA-producing Camelina has significant advantages including: • Reduce nutrient runoff at its source in the field - increase farm revenue Today• Low cost sustainable production of PHA biomaterials 18

Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) in Oilseeds PHA cash cover crop: Harnessing nature to heal nature Cash cover crop mitigates nutrient runoff in field, produces PHA biomaterial product for water treatment Camelina based PHA biomaterials value delivery chain Winter cover crop Camelina engineered to • Removes excess nitrate from soil • Water treatment produce PHA in seed • Mitigates nitrate issue at source PHA • Biofuel Seed oil Yield10 Harvest Process • Aquaculture feed PHA trait1 • Industrial oils seed seed Protein meal • Animal feed Product value enables increased farm revenue Yield10 PHA Camelina seed Yield10 processing/product sales Seed revenue Farm revenue Product(s) revenue Today 1. Patent pending 19

Clean Water: PHA Water Treatment Applications • PHA is a natural part of the carbon/nitrogen cycle in water treatment facilities • A PHA nitrate removal system is self-regulating, requires minimum maintenance Denitrifying bacteria Denitrifying bacteria Bacteria consume PHA and convert nitrate to nitrogen in the air - NO3 ~15 lbs of PHA will remove ~5 lbs of nitrate from 1000 gallons of water N 2 - N2 NO3 PHA pellets PHA pellets High nitrate = algal growth Low nitrate = NO algal growth Potential Market Opportunities Market Segment Key Metrics Recirculating aquaculture systems 20 ktpa for tilapia and salmon smolt globally Septic systems • Florida has ~2.5M septic systems (~12% of the total in the US), ~75 kg (Distributed On-Site Wastewater nitrate/yr released from each system treatment systems, OWTS) • Illustrative case: to eliminate all nitrate from septic systems in Florida would require ~3-4 million acres of PHA Camelina to produce ~1 billion lbs of PHA1 Today 1. Numbers for illustrative purposes only, assumes PHA Camelina technology nearing maturity 20

Capitalization & Executive Team Today

Capitalization Table Ownership Table as of October 2, 2019 Holder # of Common Shares % of Common Shares Jack Schuler 3,804,885 30.3% Officers and Directors as a group 243,590 1.9% Public Float 8,519,107 67.8% Total Common Shares Outstanding 12,567,582 100.0% Capitalization Table as of October 2, 2019 Security # of Common Equivalents Common Shares Outstanding 12,567,582 Options (WAEP $4.50) 1 2,484,475 Warrants2 7,039,784 Fully Diluted Shares 22,091,841 Today1. Stock Option Plan. Employees, officers and directors hold options exercisable for >10% of shares outstanding 2. Exercise price for 6,439,000 is $2.25; Exercise price for 570,784 is $5.04; Exercise price for 30,000 is $2.90 22

Executive Team Oliver Peoples, Ph.D. Dr. Peoples is a pioneer of the field of metabolic engineering, the forerunner of synthetic biology, which began at MIT in the mid 1980’s and an experienced entrepreneur and biotechnology executive with over 35 President & CEO, years of experience in science and technology innovation, intellectual property development, partnerships Director and commercialization. Dr. Snell brings over 20 years of experience and industry recognized expertise in metabolic engineering of Kristi Snell, Ph.D. plants and microbes for the production of novel products and increased plant yield. Following her post- CSO & VP Research doctoral research at MIT, Dr. Snell joined Metabolix in 1997 to lead the plant science research program. Joined the Company in 2008 as corporate controller and was named chief accounting officer in 2014. He has Charles Haaser over 30 years of senior accounting management and executive experience with public technology-based VP, Finance & CAO companies. His strong professional background includes technical accounting, SEC financial reporting, Sarbanes-Oxley and tax compliance. Lynne Brum Joined the Company in 2011 as vice president of marketing and corporate communications, bringing over 25 VP, Planning & years experience in the life science industry including roles in corporate communications, investor relations, Communications financial planning and corporate development. Today 23

Board of Directors (non-executive) Robert Van Nostrand Chairman of the Board since October 2013, Director since 2006. Spent 21 years with OSI Pharmaceuticals Chairman where he held various roles including CFO. Prof. Anthony Sinskey, Director since June 1992, a co-founder of Metabolix, Inc. MIT faculty Department of Biology, 1968 to Ph.D. present. Science advisor to multiple biotech Co’s including Genzyme, OSI, Merrimack Pharma, Tepha, Inc. Richard W. Hamilton, Served as a Director since March 2017. From 1998 to 2016 he held various leadership roles at the Ag Ph.D. biotech Co Ceres Genomics Inc. including CEO and a member of the board of directors. Director since March 2007. 2014 to present he served in various executive positions at Celgene, most Peter N. Kellogg recently Chief Corporate Strategy Officer. CFO of Merck from 2007-2014, and Biogen from 2000-2007. Director since December 2013. CEO of Metabolix, Inc. January 2014-October 2016. Prior to that, he held Joseph Shaulson various leadership and operating positions at Arch Chemicals and Hexcel Corporation. He previously served as a corporate associate at the law firm Skadden Arps. Named Special Advisor to the board of directors in December 2018. Currently Managing Director of The Sherri Brown, Ph.D. Yield Lab. Served in a number of leadership positions at Monsanto from 1989 to 2017 most recently as Special Advisor Today Vice President, Science Strategy and as a member of the Monsanto Leadership Council. 24

Yield10 Bioscience (NASDAQ: YTEN) An Agricultural Bioscience Company which uses its “Trait Factory” to Develop High Value Seed Traits for the Agriculture and Food Industries Strong leadership and R&D team (Boston, USA and Saskatoon, Canada) TRAIT FACTORY Performance traits for major crops and specialty products Relationships in place with market leaders in major crops 3-5 years Building IP position and path to specialty product revenue PRODUCTS Series of upcoming milestones “The impacts of climate change on land will raise food prices and risk widespread food instability, Today but there are solutions,” says latest UN IPCC Report Aug 2019 25

Yield10 Bioscience, Inc. (NASDAQCM:YTEN) Investor Presentation Yield10, an Agricultural Bioscience Company using its “Trait Factory” to Develop High Value Seed Traits for the Agriculture and Food Industries Today October 25, 2019