Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) |
12 Months Ended |
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Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
Use of Estimates | Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires the use of estimates and assumptions by management in determining the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Examples of a few such estimates include goodwill and long-lived asset impairment, revenue and income recognized over time, valuation allowances recorded on deferred tax assets, the fair value of assets and liabilities acquired and identification of associated goodwill and intangible assets, reserves on inventory, allowances for doubtful accounts, warranty obligations and potential future adjustments related to contractual indemnification and other agreements. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates. |
Cash and Cash Equivalents | Cash and Cash Equivalents All highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less are considered to be cash equivalents. |
Fair Value of Financial Instruments | Fair Value of Financial Instruments Financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, investments, receivables, payables, debt instruments and foreign currency forward contracts. The Company believes that the carrying values of these instruments, other than its 1.50% convertible senior notes due 2023 (the "Notes") described in Note 7, "Long-term Debt," on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets approximate their fair values. |
Inventories | Inventories Inventories consist of consumable oilfield products, manufactured equipment, spare parts for manufactured equipment, and work-in-process. Inventories also include raw materials, labor, subcontractor charges, manufacturing overhead and other supplies and are carried at the lower of cost or market, or estimated fair market value at acquisition date if acquired in a business combination. The cost of inventories is determined on an average cost or specific-identification method. A reserve for excess and/or obsolete inventory is maintained based on the age, turnover or condition of the inventory. |
Property, Plant and Equipment | Property, Plant, and Equipment Property, plant, and equipment are stated at cost or at estimated fair market value at acquisition date if acquired in a business combination, and depreciation is computed, for assets owned or recorded under capital lease, using the straight-line method, after allowing for salvage value where applicable, over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The Company uses the component depreciation method for its Drilling Services assets. Leasehold improvements are capitalized and amortized over the lesser of the life of the lease or the estimated useful life of the asset. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense when incurred. Expenditures for major renewals and betterments, which extend the useful lives of existing equipment, are capitalized and depreciated. Upon retirement or disposition of property and equipment, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is recognized in the statements of operations. |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets | Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price paid for acquired businesses over the allocated fair value of the related net assets after impairments, if applicable. Goodwill is evaluated for impairment annually on December 1 and when an event occurs or circumstances change to suggest that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Reporting units with goodwill as of December 31, 2018 include Completion Services, Downhole Technologies and Offshore/Manufactured Products. In the evaluation of goodwill, each reporting unit with goodwill on its balance sheet is assessed separately and different relevant events and circumstances are evaluated for each unit. Management estimates the fair value of each reporting unit and compares that fair value to its recorded carrying value. Management utilizes, depending on circumstances, a combination of trading multiples analyses, discounted projected cash flow calculations with estimated terminal values and acquisition comparables. Projected cash flows are discounted using a long-term weighted average cost of capital for each reporting unit based on estimates of investment returns that would be required by a market participant. As part of the process of assessing goodwill for potential impairment, the total market capitalization of the Company is compared to the sum of the fair values of all reporting units to assess the reasonableness of aggregated fair values. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, goodwill is considered impaired and an impairment loss is recorded. In the past three years, goodwill impairment tests indicated that the fair value of each reporting unit is greater than its carrying amount. For other amortized intangible assets, the useful life of the intangible asset is reviewed and evaluated each reporting period for events and circumstances that may warrant a revision of the remaining useful life. Based on the Company’s review, the carrying values of its other intangible assets are recoverable, and no impairment losses have been recorded for the periods presented. |
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets | Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The recoverability of the carrying values of long-lived assets at the asset group level, including finite-lived intangible assets, is assessed whenever, in management's judgment, events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of such asset groups may not be recoverable based on estimated future cash flows. If this assessment indicates that the carrying values will not be recoverable, as determined based on undiscounted cash flows over the remaining useful lives, an impairment loss is recognized. The impairment loss, if any, equals the excess of the carrying value over the fair value of the asset group. The fair value of the asset group is based on appraised values, prices of similar assets (if available), or discounted cash flows. |
Foreign Currency and Other Comprehensive Loss, Currency Exchange Rate Risk | Foreign Currency and Other Comprehensive Loss Gains and losses resulting from balance sheet translation of international operations where the local currency is the functional currency are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss within stockholders' equity and represent substantially all of the accumulated other comprehensive loss balance. Remeasurements of intercompany advances denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the entity that are of a long-term investment nature are recognized as a separate component of other comprehensive loss within stockholders’ equity. Gains and losses resulting from balance sheet remeasurements of assets and liabilities denominated in a different currency than the functional currency, other than intercompany advances that are of a long-term investment nature, are included in the consolidated statements of operations within "other operating (income) expense, net" as incurred. Currency Exchange Rate Risk A portion of revenues, earnings and net investments in operations outside the United States are exposed to changes in currency exchange rates. The Company seeks to manage its currency exchange risk in part through operational means, including managing expected local currency revenues in relation to local currency costs and local currency assets in relation to local currency liabilities. In order to reduce exposure to fluctuations in currency exchange rates, the Company may enter into currency exchange agreements with financial institutions. |
Revenue and Cost Recognition | Revenue and Cost Recognition The Company accounts for revenue in accordance with Financial and Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") guidance on revenue from contracts with customers (“ASC 606”), which the Company adopted as of January 1, 2018. While the new guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s recognition of revenues, the Company has expanded revenue recognition disclosures to address the new qualitative and quantitative disclosure requirements. Contractual terms may vary by contract and customer, which may impact the timing of revenue recognition under the standard in future periods. The Company's revenue contracts may include one or more promises to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer, which is referred to under ASC 606 as a "performance obligation," and to which revenue is allocated. The Company recognizes revenue and the related cost when, or as, the performance obligations are satisfied. The majority of significant contracts for custom engineered products have a single performance obligation as no individual good or service is separately identifiable from other performance obligations in the contracts. For contracts with multiple distinct performance obligations, the Company allocates revenue to the identified performance obligations in the contract. The Company’s product sales terms do not include significant post-performance obligations. The Company’s performance obligations may be satisfied at a point in time or over time as work progresses. Revenues from products and services transferred to customers at a point in time accounted for approximately 29%, 22% and 25% of consolidated revenues for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The majority of the Company's revenue recognized at a point in time is derived from short-term contracts for standard products. Revenue on these contracts is recognized when control over the product has transferred to the customer. Indicators the Company considers in determining when transfer of control to the customer occurs include: right to payment for the product, transfer of legal title to the customer, transfer of physical possession of the product, transfer of risk and customer acceptance of the product. Revenues from products and services transferred to customers over time accounted for approximately 71%, 78% and 75% of consolidated revenues for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The majority of the Company’s revenue recognized over time is for services provided under short-term contracts with revenue recognized as the customer receives and consumes the services. In addition, the Company manufactures certain products to individual customer specifications under short-term contracts for which control passes to the customer as the performance obligations are fulfilled and for which, under the new standard, revenue is recognized over time. For significant project-related contracts involving custom engineered products within the Offshore/Manufactured Products segment (also referred to as "projected-driven products"), revenues are typically recognized over time using an input measure such as the percentage of costs incurred to date relative to total estimated costs at completion for each contract (cost-to-cost method). Contract costs include labor, material and overhead. Management believes this method is the most appropriate measure of progress on large contracts. Billings on such contracts in excess of costs incurred and estimated profits are classified as a contract liability (deferred revenue). Costs incurred and estimated profits in excess of billings on these contracts are recognized as a contract asset (a component of accounts receivable). Contract estimates for project-related contracts involving custom engineered products are based on various assumptions to project the outcome of future events that may span several years. Changes in assumptions that may affect future project costs and margins include production efficiencies, the complexity of the work to be performed and the availability and costs of labor, materials and subcomponents. As a significant change in one or more of these estimates could affect the profitability of the Company’s contracts, contract-related estimates are reviewed regularly. The Company recognizes adjustments in estimated profit on contracts under the cumulative catch-up method. Under this method, the impact of the adjustment on profit recorded to date is recognized in the period the adjustment is identified. Revenue and profit in future periods of contract performance are recognized using the adjusted estimate. If at any time the estimate of contract profitability indicates an anticipated loss will be incurred on the contract, the loss is recognized in the period it is identified. Taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction, and that are collected by the Company from a customer, are excluded from revenue. Shipping and handling costs associated with outbound freight after control over a product has transferred to a customer are accounted for as a fulfillment cost and are included in cost of products. Proceeds from customers for the cost of oilfield rental equipment that is damaged or lost downhole are reflected as gains or losses on the disposition of assets after considering the write-off of the remaining net book value of the equipment. Product costs and service costs include all direct material and labor costs and those costs related to contract performance, such as indirect labor, supplies, tools and repairs. As disclosed on our consolidated statements of operations, product costs and service costs exclude depreciation and amortization expense, which is separately presented. Selling, general and administrative costs are charged to expense as incurred. The Company has applied the practical expedient in ASC 606 and does not disclose information about remaining performance obligations (or "backlog") that have original expected durations of one year or less. As of December 31, 2018, the Company had $41.6 million of remaining backlog related to contracts with an original expected duration of greater than one year. Approximately 53% of this remaining backlog is expected to be recognized as revenue in 2019 and the balance thereafter. |
Income Taxes | Income Taxes The Company follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred income taxes are recorded based upon the differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws in effect at the time the underlying assets or liabilities are recovered or settled. As further discussed in Note 8, "Income Taxes," on December 22, 2017, legislation commonly known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("Tax Reform Legislation") was signed into law which enacts significant changes to U.S. tax and related laws, including certain key U.S. federal income tax provisions applicable to oilfield service and manufacturing companies such as the Company. U.S. state or other regulatory bodies have not finalized potential changes to existing laws and regulations which may result from the new U.S. tax and related laws. In accordance with the Securities and Exchange Commission’s Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, the Company recorded provisional estimates to reflect the effect of the Tax Reform Legislation on the Company’s income tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2017. During 2018, the Company adjusted these provisional estimates based upon additional guidance issued by the Internal Revenue Service. Prior to December 22, 2017, the majority of the Company's earnings from international subsidiaries were considered to be indefinitely reinvested outside of the United States and no provision for U.S. income taxes was made for these earnings. However, certain historical foreign earnings were not considered to be indefinitely reinvested outside of the United States and were subject to U.S income tax as earned. If any of the Company's subsidiaries distributed earnings in the form of dividends or otherwise, the Company generally was subject to both U.S. income taxes (subject to an adjustment for foreign tax credits) and withholding taxes payable to various foreign countries. As of December 31, 2018, the Company’s total investment in foreign subsidiaries is considered to be indefinitely reinvested outside of the United States. The Company records a valuation allowance in the reporting period when management believes that it is more likely than not that any deferred tax asset will not be realized. This assessment requires analysis of changes in tax laws, available positive and negative evidence, including consideration of losses in recent years, reversals of temporary differences, forecasts of future income, assessment of future business and tax planning strategies. During 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Company recorded valuation allowances primarily with respect to net operating loss carryforwards of certain operations outside the United States. As a result of the changes in U.S. tax laws in 2017 discussed above, the Company also recorded a valuation allowance on its foreign tax credit carryforwards during the fourth quarter of 2017. The calculation of tax liabilities involves assessing uncertainties regarding the application of complex tax regulations. The Company recognizes liabilities for tax expenses based on estimates of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due. If management ultimately determines that payment of these amounts is unnecessary, the liability is reversed and a tax benefit is recognized during the period in which management determines that the liability is no longer necessary. An additional charge is recorded as a provision for taxes in the period in which management determines that the recorded tax liability is less than the expected ultimate assessment. |
Receivables and Concentration of Credit Risk | Receivables and Concentration of Credit Risk Based on the nature of its customer base, the Company does not believe that it has any significant concentrations of credit risk other than its concentration in the worldwide oil and gas industry. Note 14, "Segments and Related Information," provides further information with respect to the Company's geographic revenues and significant customers. The Company evaluates the credit-worthiness of its significant, new and existing customers' financial condition and, generally, the Company does not require significant collateral from its customers. |
Allowances for Doubtful Accounts | Allowances for Doubtful Accounts The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of the Company's customers to make required payments. If a trade receivable is deemed to be uncollectible, the receivable is charged-off against allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company considers the following factors when determining if collection of revenue is reasonably assured: customer credit-worthiness, past transaction history with the customer, customer solvency and changes in customer payment terms. If the Company has no previous experience with the customer, the Company typically obtains reports from various credit organizations to ensure that the customer has a history of paying its creditors. The Company may also request financial information, including financial statements or other documents to ensure that the customer has the means of making payment. If these factors do not indicate collection is reasonably assured, the Company may require a prepayment or other arrangement to support revenue recognition and recording of a trade receivable. If the financial condition of the Company's customers were to deteriorate, adversely affecting their ability to make payments, additional allowances would be required. |
Earnings per Share | Earnings per Share Diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) amounts include the effect, if dilutive, of the Company's outstanding stock options, restricted stock and convertible securities under the treasury stock method. Currently issued and outstanding shares of restricted stock remain subject to vesting requirements. Holders of shares of unvested restricted stock are entitled to the same liquidation and dividend rights as holders of outstanding common stock and are thus considered participating securities. Under applicable accounting guidance, undistributed earnings, if any, for each period are allocated based on the participation rights of both the common stockholders and holders of any participating securities as if earnings for the respective periods had been distributed. Because both the liquidation and dividend rights are identical, undistributed earnings are allocated on a proportionate basis. The Company is required to compute earnings per share amounts under the two class method in periods with earnings. The presentation of basic EPS amounts on the face of the accompanying consolidated statements of operations is computed by dividing the net income or loss applicable to the Company’s common stockholders by the weighted average shares of outstanding common stock. The calculation of diluted EPS is similar to basic EPS, except that the denominator includes dilutive common stock equivalents and the income or loss included in the numerator excludes the impact, if any, of dilutive common stock equivalents. |
Stock-Based Compensation | Stock-Based Compensation The fair value of share-based payments is estimated using the quoted market price of the Company’s common stock and pricing models as of the date of grant as further discussed in Note 11, "Long-Term Incentive and Deferred Compensation Plans." The resulting cost, net of estimated forfeitures, is recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the awards, usually the vesting period. In addition to service-based awards, the Company issues performance-based awards, which are conditional based upon Company performance and may vest in an amount that will depend on the Company’s achievement of specified performance objectives. |
Guarantees | Guarantees Some product sales in the Offshore/Manufactured Products segment are sold with an assurance warranty, generally ranging from 12 to 18 months. Parts and labor are covered under the terms of the warranty agreement. Warranty provisions are estimated based upon historical experience by product, configuration and geographic region. During the ordinary course of business, the Company also provides standby letters of credit or other guarantee instruments to certain parties as required for certain transactions initiated by either the Company or its subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2018, the maximum potential amount of future payments that the Company could be required to make under these guarantee agreements (letters of credit) was $22.6 million. The Company has not recorded any liability in connection with these guarantee arrangements. The Company does not believe, based on historical experience and information currently available, that it is likely that any material amounts will be required to be paid under these guarantee arrangements. |
Accounting for Contingencies | Accounting for Contingencies The Company has contingent liabilities and future claims for which estimates of the amount of the eventual cost to liquidate such liabilities are accrued. These liabilities and claims sometimes involve threatened or actual litigation where damages have been quantified and an assessment of exposure has been made and recorded in an amount estimated to cover the expected loss. Other claims or liabilities have been estimated based on their fair value or management's experience in such matters and, when appropriate, the advice of outside counsel or other outside experts. Upon the ultimate resolution of these uncertainties, future reported financial results will be impacted by the difference between the accruals and actual amounts paid in settlement. Examples of areas with important estimates of future liabilities include duties, income taxes, litigation, insurance claims, warranty claims, contractual claims and obligations and discontinued operations. |
Discontinued Operations | Discontinued Operations Net loss from discontinued operations includes immaterial amounts in 2016 related to the Company’s former accommodations business which was spun-off into a stand-alone, publicly-traded corporation in 2014. |