10-Q

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☑	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
	For the Quarterly Period ended June 30, 2016

or

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
	For the transition period from _______________ to ______________

Commission File Number 000-31311

PDF SOLUTIONS, INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Delaware	25-1701361
(State or Other Jurisdiction of	(I.R.S. Employer
Incorporation or Organization)	Identification No.)
333 West San Carlos Street, Suite 1000
San Jose, California	95110
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)	(Zip Code)

(408) 280-7900

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.       Yes ☑ No ☐

 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☑ No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

☐ Large accelerated filer	☑ Accelerated filer	☐ Non-accelerated  filer	☐ Smaller reporting company
		(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑

The number of shares outstanding of the Registrant’s Common Stock as of July 28, 2016 was 31,341,201.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

	Page
PART I  FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)	3
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income	4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	5
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	6
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	17
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	27
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	28
PART II  OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings	28
Item 1A. Risk Factors	28
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	28
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities	29
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	29
Item 5. Other Information	29
Item 6. Exhibits	30
SIGNATURES	31
INDEX TO EXHIBITS	32

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PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

PDF SOLUTIONS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(unaudited)

(in thousands, except par value)

	June 30, 2016			December 31, 2015
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	122,222		$	126,158
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $200 and $299, respectively		34,786			33,438
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		4,728			3,655
Total current assets		161,736			163,251
Property and equipment, net		16,076			11,325
Deferred tax assets		10,106			10,299
Goodwill		215			215
Intangible assets, net		4,603			5,028
Other non-current assets		9,497			1,651
Total assets	$	202,233		$	191,769
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	2,469		$	1,293
Accrued compensation and related benefits		5,150			4,812
Accrued and other current liabilities		2,924			2,382
Deferred revenues – current portion		5,740			4,702
Billings in excess of recognized revenue		312			1,267
Total current liabilities		16,595			14,456
Long-term income taxes payable		2,594			2,540
Other non-current liabilities		328			466
Total liabilities		19,517			17,462
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.00015 par value, 5,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding		—			—
Common stock, $0.00015 par value, 70,000 shares authorized: shares issued 37,880 and 37,476, respectively; shares outstanding 31,311 and 31,111, respectively		5			5
Additional paid-in-capital		272,886			266,008
Treasury stock at cost, 6,569 and 6,365 shares in 2016 and 2015, respectively		(53,301	)		(50,383	)
Accumulated deficit		(35,504	)		(39,780	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(1,370	)		(1,543	)
Total stockholders’ equity		182,716			174,307
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	202,233		$	191,769

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited). 

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PDF SOLUTIONS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(unaudited)

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

	Three Months Ended June 30,					Six Months Ended June 30,
	2016			2015		2016			2015
Revenues:
Design-to-silicon-yield solutions	$	20,574		$	14,159	$	39,152		$	32,311
Gainshare performance incentives		6,114			9,051		12,617			17,716
Total revenues		26,688			23,210		51,769			50,027
Costs of Design-to-silicon-yield solutions:
Direct costs of Design-to-silicon-yield solutions		10,558			9,888		20,668			18,692
Amortization of acquired technology		96			—		192			—
Total cost of Design-to-silicon-yield solutions		10,654			9,888		20,860			18,692
Gross profit		16,034			13,322		30,909			31,335
Operating expenses:
Research and development		7,060			4,437		13,371			8,525
Selling, general and administrative		5,094			5,216		10,218			9,672
Amortization of other acquired intangible assets		117			—		234			—
Total operating expenses		12,271			9,653		23,823			18,197
Income from operations		3,763			3,669		7,086			13,138
Interest and other income (expense), net		(51	)		52		(287	)		103
Income before income taxes		3,712			3,721		6,799			13,241
Income tax provision		1,498			1,572		2,523			5,125
Net income	$	2,214		$	2,149	$	4,276		$	8,116
Net income per share:
Basic	$	0.07		$	0.07	$	0.14		$	0.26
Diluted	$	0.07		$	0.07	$	0.13		$	0.25
Weighted average common shares:
Basic		31,276			31,522		31,222			31,429
Diluted		32,023			32,400		31,872			32,345
Net income	$	2,214		$	2,149	$	4,276		$	8,116
Other comprehensive income:
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax		(186	)		146		173			(602	)
Comprehensive income	$	2,028		$	2,295	$	4,449		$	7,514

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited). 

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PDF SOLUTIONS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(unaudited)

(in thousands) 

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2016			2015
Operating activities:
Net income	$	4,276		$	8,116
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		1,624			1,237
Stock-based compensation expense		4,957			4,554
Amortization of acquired intangible assets		425			—
Deferred taxes		192			997
Loss on disposal of property and equipment		107			3
Purchases of treasury stock in connection with tax withholdings on restricted stock grants		(1,075	)		(1,052	)
Reversal of allowance for doubtful accounts		(99	)		(82	)
Unrealized loss (gain) on foreign currency forward contract		(34	)		3
Tax benefit related to stock-based compensation expense		748			2,094
Excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation		(708	)		(1,980	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		(1,249	)		6,861
Prepaid expenses and other assets		(8,908	)		(4,428	)
Accounts payable		610			(39	)
Accrued compensation and related benefits		346			(1,521	)
Accrued and other liabilities		(223	)		256
Deferred revenues		947			1,774
Billings in excess of recognized revenues		(955	)		—
Net cash provided by operating activities		981			16,793
Investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment		(5,051	)		(2,388	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(5,051	)		(2,388	)
Financing activities:
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		452			4,764
Proceeds from employee stock purchase plan		778			680
Excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation		708			1,980
Purchases of treasury stock		(1,843	)		(5,571	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		95			1,853
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		39			(23	)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents		(3,936	)		16,235
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		126,158			115,464
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	122,222		$	131,699
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the period for:
Taxes	$	1,336		$	3,920
Property and equipment received and accrued in accounts payable and accrued and other liabilities	$	1,656		$	582

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).

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PDF SOLUTIONS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Basis of Presentation

The interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared by PDF Solutions, Inc. (“the Company”) pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), including the instructions to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America have been condensed or omitted. The interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect, in the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments), to present a fair statement of results for the interim periods presented. The operating results for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for other interim periods or the full fiscal year. The accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries after the elimination of all intercompany balances and transactions.

The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2015, has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Use of Estimates  —  The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates in these financial statements include revenue recognition for fixed-price solution implementation service contracts, accounting for goodwill and intangible assets, stock-based compensation expense and accounting for income taxes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Revenue Recognition  — The Company derives revenue from two sources: Design-to-silicon-yield solutions and Gainshare performance incentives.

Design-to-Silicon-Yield Solutions — Revenue that is derived from Design-to-silicon-yield solutions comes from services and software licenses. The Company recognizes revenue of Design-to-silicon-yield solutions as follows:

The Company generates a significant portion of its Design-to-silicon-yield solutions revenue from fixed-price solution implementation service contracts delivered over a specific period of time. These contracts require reliable estimation of costs to perform obligations and the overall scope of each engagement. Revenue under project–based contracts for solution implementation services is recognized as services are performed using percentage of completion method of contract accounting based on costs or labor-hours input method, whichever is the most appropriate measure of the progress towards completion of the contract. Losses on fixed-price solution implementation contracts are recognized in the period when they become probable. Revisions in profit estimates are reflected in the period in which the conditions that require the revisions become known and can be estimated (cumulative catch-up method). During the period ended June 30, 2016, we recognized changes in one project’s profitability from revisions in estimates due to the customer’s directed scope changes that resulted in favorable changes of in our net income for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2016 of $0.9 million or $0.03 per diluted share. Revenue under time and materials contracts for solution implementation services are recognized as the services are performed. On occasion, the Company licenses its software products as a component of its fixed-price service contracts. In such instances, the software products are licensed to customers over a specified term of the agreement with support and maintenance to be provided at each customer's option over the license term. The amount of product and service revenue recognized in a given period is affected by the Company’s judgment as to whether an arrangement includes multiple deliverables and, if so, the Company’s determination of the fair value of each deliverable. In general, vendor-specific objective evidence of selling price (“VSOE”) does not exist for the Company’s solution implementation services and software products and because the Company’s services and products include our unique technology, the Company is not able to determine third-party evidence of selling price (“TPE”). Therefore, in such circumstances the Company uses best estimated selling prices (“BESP”) in the allocation of arrangement consideration. In determining BESP, the Company applies significant judgment as the Company’s weighs a variety of factors, based on the facts and circumstances of the arrangement. The Company typically arrives at BESP for a product or service that is not sold separately by considering company-specific factors such as geographies, internal costs, gross margin objectives, pricing practices used to establish bundled pricing, and existing portfolio pricing and discounting. After fair value is established for each deliverable, the total transaction amount is allocated to each deliverable based upon its relative fair value. Fees allocated to solution implementation services are recognized using the percentage of completion method of contract accounting. Fees allocated to software and related support and maintenance are recognized under software revenue recognition guidance. 

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The Company also licenses its software products separately from its solution implementations. For software license arrangements that do not require significant modification or customization of the underlying software, software license revenue is recognized under the residual method when (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (2) delivery has occurred, (3) the fee is fixed or determinable, (4) collectability is probable, and (5) the arrangement does not require services that are essential to the functionality of the software. When arrangements include multiple elements such as support and maintenance, consulting (other than for its fixed price solution implementations), installation, and training, revenue is allocated to each element of a transaction based upon its fair value as determined by the Company’s VSOE and such services are recorded as services revenue. VSOE for maintenance is generally established based upon negotiated renewal rates while VSOE for consulting, installation, and training services is established based upon the Company’s customary pricing for such services when sold separately. When software is licensed for a specified term, fees for support and maintenance are generally bundled with the license fee over the entire term of the contract. The Company is unable to establish VSOE of fair value for maintenance services that are generally bundled with term licenses. In these cases, the Company recognizes revenue ratably over the term of the contract.

Revenue from Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) that allows for the use of a hosted software product or service over a contractually determined period of time without taking possession of software is accounted for as a subscription and recognized as revenue ratably over the coverage period beginning on the date the service is first made available to customers.

Revenue for software licenses with extended payment terms is not recognized in excess of amounts due. For software license arrangements that require significant modification or customization of the underlying software, the software license revenue is recognized as services are performed using the percentage of completion method of contract accounting, and such revenue is recorded as services revenue.

Deferred revenues consist primarily of amounts invoiced in advance of revenue recognition and are recognized as the revenue recognition criteria are met. Deferred revenues that will be recognized during the succeeding 12-month period are recorded as current deferred revenues and the remaining portion is recorded as non- current deferred revenues. The non-current portion of deferred revenue was $0.2 million as of June 30, 2016 and $0.3 million as of December 31, 2015. This balance was recorded in the other non-current liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Gainshare Performance Incentives — When the Company enters into a contract to provide yield improvement services, the contract usually includes two components: (1) a fixed fee for performance by the Company of services delivered over a specific period of time; and (2) a Gainshare performance incentive component where the customer may pay a contingent variable fee, usually after the fixed fee period has ended. Revenue derived from Gainshare performance incentives represents profit sharing and performance incentives earned contingent upon the Company’s customers reaching certain defined operational levels established in related solution implementation service contracts. Gainshare performance incentives periods are usually subsequent to the delivery of all contractual services and therefore have no cost to the Company. Due to the uncertainties surrounding attainment of such operational levels, the Company recognizes Gainshare performance incentives revenue (to the extent of completion of the related solution implementation contract) upon receipt of performance reports or other related information from the customer supporting the determination of amounts and probability of collection.

2. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

There have been no developments to recently issued accounting standards, including the expected dates of adoption and estimated effects on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures, from those disclosed in the Company’s 2015 Annual Report on Form 10-K, except for the following:

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (or FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (or ASU) No. 2016-2, Leases (Topic 842).  The update requires that most leases, including operating leases, be recorded on the balance sheet as an asset and a liability, initially measured at the present value of the lease payments.  Subsequently, the lease asset will be amortized generally on a straight-line basis over the lease term, and the lease liability will bear interest expense and be reduced for lease payments.  The amendments in this update are effective for public companies’ financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years.  The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures.

7

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net). This update clarifies the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations. The guidance includes indicators to assist an entity in determining whether it controls a specified good or service before it is transferred to the customers. The amendments in this update are effective for public companies’ financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. This standard makes several modifications to Topic 718 related to the accounting for forfeitures, employer tax withholding on share-based compensation and the financial statement presentation of excess tax benefits or deficiencies. ASU 2016-09 also clarifies the statement of cash flows presentation for certain components of share-based awards. The update is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted in any interim or annual period. If an entity early adopts the amendments in an interim period, any adjustments should be reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes that interim period. An entity that elects early adoption must adopt all of the amendments in the same period. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures.

In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing. The amendments in this update affect entities with transactions included within the scope of Topic 606. The core principle of the guidance in Topic 606 is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The amendments in this Update do not change the core principle of the guidance in Topic 606. Rather, the amendments in this update clarify the following two aspects of Topic 606: identifying performance obligations and the licensing implementation guidance, while retaining the related principles for those areas. The amendments in this update are effective for public companies’ financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures.

In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-11, Revenue Recognition (Topic 605) and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Rescission of SEC Guidance Because of Accounting Standards Updates 2014-09 and 2014-16 pursuant to Staff announcements at the March 3, 2016 EITF Meeting. The purpose of this standard is to rescind from the FASB Accounting Standards Codification certain SEC paragraphs as a result of two SEC Staff Announcements at the March 3, 2016 meeting. The amendments in this update related to Topic 605 are effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and amendments related to Topic 815 are effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures.

In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-12, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 660): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients. The purpose of this standard is to clarify certain narrow aspects of Topic 660 such as assessing the collectability criterion, presentation of sales taxes and other similar taxes collected from customers, noncash consideration, contract modifications at transition, completed contracts at transition, and technical correction. This standard is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures.

3. BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS 

Accounts receivable include amounts that are unbilled at the end of the period that are expected to be billed and collected within 12-month period. Unbilled accounts receivable are determined on an individual contract basis. Unbilled accounts receivable, included in accounts receivable, totaled $15.4 million and $11.5 million as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. Unbilled accounts receivable that are not expected to be billed and collected during the succeeding 12-month period are recorded in other non-current assets and totaled $8.0 million and $0.1 million as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. The increase in other non-current asset is due to the increase in the long-term unbilled portion of two of the Company’s Design-to-silicon-yield solutions contracts. Deferred cost balance was $0.7 million and zero as of June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

8

Property and equipment consists of (in thousands): 

	June 30, 2016			December 31, 2015
Property and equipment, net:
Computer equipment	$	10,209		$	9,188
Software		1,828			1,713
Furniture, fixtures and equipment		963			907
Leasehold improvements		1,123			1,126
Test equipment		9,667			7,214
Construction-in-progress		7,432			4,777
		31,222			24,925
Less: accumulated depreciation		(15,146	)		(13,600	)
Total	$	16,076		$	11,325

Depreciation and amortization expense was $0.9 million and $0.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Depreciation and amortization expense was $1.6 million and $1.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

As of both June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the carrying amount of goodwill was $0.2 million. The following is a rollforward of the Company's goodwill balance (in thousands):

	June 30, 2016
Balance as of December 31, 2015	$	215
Adjustment		—
Balance as of June 30, 2016	$	215

Intangible assets balance was $4.6 million and $5.0 million as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. Intangible assets as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 consist of the following (in thousands):

				June 30, 2016							December 31, 2015
	Amortization Period (Years)			Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount
Acquired identifiable intangibles:
Customer relationships	1	-	9	$	5,920	$	(3,686	)	$	2,234	$	5,920	$	(3,547	)	$	2,373
Developed technology	4	-	6		14,100		(12,167	)		1,933		14,100		(11,976	)		2,124
Tradename	2	-	4		610		(558	)		52		610		(533	)		77
Backlog		1			100		(96	)		4		100		(46	)		54
Patent	7	-	10		1,800		(1,420	)		380		1,800		(1,400	)		400
Other acquired intangibles		4			255		(255	)		-		255		(255	)		-
Total				$	22,785	$	(18,182	)	$	4,603	$	22,785	$	(17,757	)	$	5,028

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The weighted average amortization period for acquired identifiable intangible assets was 6.83 years as of June 30, 2016. For the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, intangible asset amortization expense was $0.2 million and zero, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, intangible asset amortization expense was $0.4 million and zero, respectively. The Company expects annual amortization of acquired identifiable intangible assets to be as follows (in thousands):

Period Ending June 30,
2016 (remaining 6 months)	$	380
2017		728
2018		701
2019		701
2020		701
2021 and thereafter		1,392
Total future amortization expense	$	4,603

Intangible assets are amortized over their useful lives unless these lives are determined to be indefinite. Intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, there were no indicators of impairment related to the Company’s intangible assets.

4. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Stock-based compensation is estimated at the grant date based on the award’s fair value and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting periods, generally four years. Stock-based compensation expense before taxes related to the Company’s stock plans and employee stock purchase plan was allocated as follows (in thousands): 

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2016		2015		2016		2015
Cost of design-to-silicon yield-solutions	$	956	$	914	$	2,041	$	1,801
Research and development		651		510		1,357		1,001
Selling, general and administrative		684		931		1,559		1,752
Stock-based compensation expense	$	2,291	$	2,355	$	4,957	$	4,554

On June 30, 2016, the Company had the following stock-based compensation plans:

Stock Plans — All new equity awards are issued by the Company under its 2011 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended and restated from time to time (the “2011 Plan”). The 2011 Plan was initially approved by the Company’s stockholders at the annual meeting of stockholders on November 16, 2011, and then again – as amended and restated each time –at the 2013 annual meeting of stockholders on May 28, 2013, the 2014 annual meeting of stockholders on May 27, 2014, and most recently at the annual meeting of stockholders on May 31, 2016. Under the 2011 Plan, the Company may award stock options, stock appreciation rights, stock grants or stock units covering shares of the Company's common stock to employees, directors, non-employee directors and contractors. The aggregate number of shares reserved for awards under this plan is 7,800,000 shares, plus up to 3,500,000 shares previously issued under the 2001 Plan that are forfeited or repurchased by the Company or shares subject to awards previously issued under the 2001 Plan that expire or that terminate without having been exercised or settled in full on or after November 16, 2011. In case of awards other than options or stock appreciation rights, the aggregate number of shares reserved under the plan will be decreased at a rate of 1.33 shares issued pursuant to such awards. The exercise price for stock options must generally be at prices no less than the fair market value at the date of grant. Stock options generally expire ten years from the date of grant and become vested and exercisable over a four-year period.

 In 2001, the Company adopted a 2001 Stock Plan (the “2001 Plan”). In 2003, in connection with its acquisition of IDS Systems Inc., the Company assumed IDS’ 2001 Stock Option / Stock Issuance Plan (the “IDS Plan”).  Both the 2001Plan and the IDS Plan expired in 2011.  Stock options granted under the 2001 and IDS Plans generally expire ten years from the date of grant and become vested and exercisable over a four-year period. Although no new awards may be granted under the 2001 or IDS Plans, awards made under the 2001 and IDS Plans that are currently outstanding remain subject to the terms of each plan, as applicable.

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The Company estimated the fair value of share-based awards granted under the Stock Plan during the period using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions, resulting in the following weighted average fair values: 

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2016			2015			2016			2015
Expected life (in years)		4.42			4.51			4.42			4.51
Volatility		43.58	%		46.8	%		44.26	%		46.7	%
Risk-free interest rate		1.30	%		1.41	%		1.25	%		1.34	%
Expected dividend		—			—			—			—
Weighted average fair value per share of options granted during the period	$	5.00		$	6.61		$	4.46		$	6.50

As of June 30, 2016, 8.3 million shares of common stock were reserved to cover stock-based awards under the 2011 Plan, of which 4.5 million shares were available for future grant. The number of shares reserved and available under the 2011 Plan includes 0.5 million shares that were subject to awards previously made under the 2001 Plan and were forfeited, expired or repurchased by the Company after adoption of the 2011 Plan through June 30, 2016.  As of June 30, 2016, there were no outstanding awards that had been granted outside of the 2011, 2001 or the IDS Plans (collectively, the "Stock Plans").  

Stock option activity under the Company’s Stock Plans during the six months ended June 30, 2016, was as follows:

	Number of Options (in thousands)			Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Outstanding, January 1, 2016		1,764		$	7.88
Granted (weighted average fair value of $4.46 per share)		50		$	11.87
Exercised		(63	)	$	7.20
Canceled		(7	)	$	15.01
Expired		(75	)	$	13.79
Outstanding, June 30, 2016		1,669		$	7.73		4.87	$	10,719
Vested and expected to vest, June 30, 2016		1,660		$	7.70		4.84	$	10,704
Exercisable, June 30, 2016		1,523		$	7.17		4.49	$	10,539

The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total intrinsic value based on the Company’s closing stock price of $13.99 per share as of June 30, 2016. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the six months ended June 30, 2016, was $0.4 million.

As of June 30, 2016, there was $0.6 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.0 years. The total fair value of shares vested during the six months ended June 30, 2016, was $0.5 million.

Nonvested restricted stock units activity during the six months ended June 30, 2016, was as follows:

	Shares (in thousands)			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Nonvested, January 1, 2016		1,166		$	17.03
Granted		50		$	11.87
Vested		(258	)	$	16.70
Forfeited		(42	)	$	17.27
Nonvested, June 30, 2016		916		$	16.83

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As of June 30, 2016, there was $13.6 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested restricted stock units. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.4 years. Restricted stock units do not have rights to dividends prior to vesting.

In June 2016, the Company’s Compensation Committee approved 16,375 shares of stock options and 841,533 restricted stock units to be granted effective July 1, 2016. The weighted average exercise price for the options granted is $14.14 per share. The weighted average grant date fair value per share for the restricted stock units granted is $14.14. The cost is expected to be recognized over the vesting period, generally 4 years.

 Employee Stock Purchase Plan — In July 2001, the Company adopted a ten-year Employee Stock Purchase Plan (as amended, “Purchase Plan”) under which eligible employees can contribute up to 10% of their compensation, as defined in the Purchase Plan, towards the purchase of shares of PDF common stock at a price of 85% of the lower of the fair market value at the beginning of the offering period or the end of the purchase period. The Purchase Plan consists of twenty-four-month offering periods with four six-month purchase periods in each offering period. Under the Purchase Plan, on January 1 of each year, the number of shares reserved for issuance will automatically increase by the lesser of (1) 675,000 shares, (2) 2% of the Company’s outstanding common stock on the last day of the immediately preceding year, or (3) the number of shares determined by the board of directors. At the annual meeting of stockholders on May 18, 2010, the Company’s stockholders approved an amendment to the Purchase Plan to extend it through May 17, 2020. 

 The Company estimated the fair value of purchase rights granted under the Purchase Plan during the period using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions, resulting in the following weighted average fair values:

	Six months Ended June 30,
	2016			2015
Expected life (in years)		1.25			1.25
Volatility		44.15	%		54.21	%
Risk-free interest rate		0.50	%		0.26	%
Expected dividend		—			—
Weighted average fair value of purchase rights granted under the Purchase Plan	$	3.56		$	6.19

During the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, the Company did not issue any shares under the Purchase Plan. During the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, a total of 84,000 and 51,000 shares, respectively, were issued at a weighted-average purchase price of $9.21 and $13.32 per share, respectively, under the Purchase Plan. As of June 30, 2016, there was $1.1 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to the Purchase Plan. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.6 years. As of June 30, 2016, 2.7 million shares were available for future issuance under the Purchase Plan.   

Stock Repurchase Program —On October 21, 2014, the Board of Directors adopted a program, effective immediately, to repurchase up to $25.0 million of the Company’s common stock both on the open market and in privately negotiated transactions over the next two years. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, the Company repurchased 129,457 shares under this program. As of June 30, 2016, 1,219,230 shares had been repurchased at an average price of $13.43 per share under this program for a total purchase of $16.4 million, and $8.6 million remained available for future repurchases.  

5. INCOME TAXES

Income tax provision decreased $2.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016, to $2.5 million as compared to an income tax provision of $5.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015. The Company’s effective tax rate was 37.1% and 38.7% for the six months ended June 30, 2016, and June 30, 2015, respectively.  The Company’s effective tax rate decreased in the six months ended June 30, 2016, as compared to the same period in 2015, primarily due to the permanent reinstatement of the U.S. federal research tax credit. On December 18, 2015, the President of the United States signed into law the Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes Act of 2015 which permanently reinstated the research tax credit retroactive to January 1, 2015. As a result of the new legislation, the Company recognized a benefit in the first two quarters of 2016 and no benefit in the same period in 2015.

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The Company’s total amount of unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties, as of June 30, 2016, was $11.3 million, of which $6.7 million, if recognized, would decrease the Company’s effective tax rate. The Company’s total amount of unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties, as of December 31, 2015, was $11.0 million, of which $6.5 million, if recognized, would affect the Company's effective tax rate. As of June 30, 2016, the Company has recorded unrecognized tax benefits of $2.6 million, including interest and penalties, as long-term taxes payable in its condensed consolidated balance sheet. The remaining $9.2 million has been recorded net of our deferred tax assets, of which $4.6 million is subject to a full valuation allowance. 

The valuation allowance was approximately $6.4 million and $6.2 million as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, which was related to California R&D tax credits and California net operating losses related to our acquisition of Syntricity that we currently do not believe are more likely than not to be ultimately realized.

The Company conducts business globally and, as a result, files numerous consolidated and separate income tax returns in the U.S. federal, various state and foreign jurisdictions. Because the Company used some of the tax attributes carried forward from previous years to tax years that are still open, statutes of limitation remain open for all tax years to the extent of the attributes carried forward into tax year 2002 for federal and California tax purposes. The State of New York is currently conducting an audit of the Company’s 2012 to 2014 income tax returns. The Company is not subject to income tax examinations in any other of its major foreign subsidiaries’ jurisdictions.

6. NET INCOME PER SHARE

Basic net income per share is computed by dividing net income by weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period (excluding outstanding stock options and shares subject to repurchase). Diluted net income per share is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period plus the potential effect of dilutive securities which are convertible into common shares (using the treasury stock method), except in cases in which the effect would be anti-dilutive. Under the treasury stock method, the amount that the employee must pay for exercising stock options, the amount of compensation cost for future service that the Company has not yet recognized, and the amount of the tax benefits that would be recorded in additional paid-in capital when the award becomes deductible are assumed to be used to repurchase shares.  The following is a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators used in computing basic and diluted net income per share (in thousands except per share amount): 

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2016		2015		2016		2015
Numerator:
Net income	$	2,214	$	2,149	$	4,276	$	8,116
Denominator:
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding		31,276		31,522		31,222		31,429
Dilutive effect of equity incentive plans		747		878		650		916
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding		32,023		32,400		31,872		32,345
Net income per share:
Basic	$	0.07	$	0.07	$	0.14	$	0.26
Diluted	$	0.07	$	0.07	$	0.13	$	0.25

 The following table sets forth potential shares of common stock that are not included in the diluted net income per share calculation above because to do so would be anti-dilutive for the periods indicated (in thousands):  

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2016		2015		2016		2015
Outstanding options		230		58		264		52
Nonvested restricted stock units		348		62		798		64
Employee Stock Purchase Plan		—		215		230		239
Total		578		335		1,292		355

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7. CUSTOMER AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker, or group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance.

The Company’s chief operating decision maker, the chief executive officer, reviews discrete financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of regularly making operating decisions and assessing financial performance. Accordingly, the Company considers itself to be in one operating segment, specifically the licensing and implementation of yield improvement solutions for companies designing and/or manufacturing integrated circuits. 

The Company had revenues from individual customers in excess of 10% of total revenues as follows: 

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
Customer	2016			2015			2016			2015
A		39	%		54	%		44	%		49	%
B		*	%		16	%		*	%		13	%
C		*	%		*	%		12	%		17	%
D		13	%		*	%		*	%		*	%

* represents less than 10%

The Company had gross accounts receivable from individual customers in excess of 10% of gross accounts receivable as follows: 

Customer	June 30, 2016			December 31, 2015
A		50	%		65	%
D		12	%		*	%

* represents less than 10% 

Revenues from customers by geographic area based on the location of the customers’ work sites are as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2016					2015
	Revenues		Percentage of Revenues			Revenues		Percentage of Revenues
United States	$	9,518		36	%	$	11,436		49	%
Taiwan		5,725		21			2,160		9
Germany		3,994		15			6,345		27
South Korea		2,184		8			627		3
Rest of the world		5,267		20			2,642		12
Total revenue	$	26,688		100	%	$	23,210		100	%

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	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2016					2015
	Revenues		Percentage of Revenues			Revenues		Percentage of Revenues
United States	$	21,640		42	%	$	21,750		43	%
Taiwan		7,909		15			3,279		7
Germany		7,028		14			12,609		25
South Korea		5,497		11			7,545		15
Rest of the world		9,695		18			4,844		10
Total revenue	$	51,769		100	%	$	50,027		100	%

Long-lived assets, net by geographic area are as follows (in thousands):

	June 30, 2016		December 31, 2015
United States	$	15,559	$	10,752
Rest of the world		517		573
Total long-lived assets, net	$	16,076	$	11,325

8. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Fair value is the exit price, or the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. The multiple assumptions used to value financial instruments are referred to as inputs, and a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value is established, that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs reflect assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability based on market data obtained from independent sources while unobservable inputs reflect a reporting entity’s pricing based upon its own market assumptions. These inputs are ranked according to a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels.

Level 1 - Inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 - Inputs are quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in an active market, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable and market-corroborated inputs which are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3 - Inputs are derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or value drivers are unobservable.

The following table represents the Company’s assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2016, and the basis for that measurement (in thousands):

Assets	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Money market mutual funds	$	26,415	$	26,415	$	—	$	—

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The following table represents the Company’s assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2015, and the basis for that measurement (in thousands):

Assets	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Money market mutual funds	$	26,371	$	26,371	$	—	$	—

The Company enters into foreign currency forward contracts to reduce the exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations on certain foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities, primarily on third-party accounts payables and intercompany balances. The primary objective of the Company’s hedging program is to reduce volatility of earnings related to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. The counterparty to these foreign currency forward contracts is a large global financial institution that the Company believes is creditworthy, and therefore, the Company believes the credit risk of counterparty nonperformance is not significant. These foreign currency forward contracts are not designated for hedge accounting treatment. Therefore, the change in fair value of these contracts is recorded into earnings as a component of other income (expense), net, and offsets the change in fair value of the foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities, which is also recorded in other income (expense), net. For the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, the Company recognized a realized loss of $0.3 million and a realized gain of $0.1 million on the contracts, respectively, which was recorded in interest and other income (expense), net in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income. For the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, the Company recognized a realized gain of $8,000 and a realized loss of $0.6 million on the contracts, respectively, which was recorded in other income (expense), net in the Company’s Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income. 

The Company carries these derivatives financial instruments on its Consolidated Balance Sheets at their fair values. The Company’s foreign currency forward contracts are classified as Level 2 because it is not actively traded and the valuation inputs are based on quoted prices and market observable data of similar instruments. As of June 30, 2016, the Company had one outstanding forward contract with a notional amount of $7.1 million and recorded $28,000 other current liabilities associated with this outstanding forward contract. As of December 31, 2015, the Company had one outstanding forward contract with a notional amount of $6.7 million and had recorded $62,000 other current liabilities associated with the outstanding forward contract.  

9. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

 Leases

The Company leases administrative and sales offices and certain equipment under noncancelable operating leases, which contain various renewal options and, in some cases, require payment of common area costs, taxes and utilities. These operating leases expire at various times through 2024. Rent expense was $0.6 million and $0.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Rent expense was $1.2 million and $1.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015.

Future minimum lease payments under noncancelable operating leases at June 30, 2016, are as follows (in thousands): 

Period Ending June 30,	Amount
2016 (remaining six months)	$	1,028
2017		1,733
2018		1,087
2019		264
2020		195
2021 and thereafter		61
Total future minimum lease payments	$	4,368

Litigation — From time to time, the Company is subject to various claims and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. The Company accrues for losses related to litigation when a potential loss is probable and the loss can be reasonably estimated in accordance with FASB requirements. During the reported period, the Company was not party to any material legal proceedings, thus no loss was probable and no amount was accrued at June 30, 2016.   

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Forward-Looking Statements 

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. All statements other than statements of historical fact may be forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “could,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential”, “target” or “continue,” the negative effect of terms like these or other similar expressions. Any statement concerning future financial performance (including future revenues, earnings or growth rates), ongoing business strategies or prospects, and possible actions taken by us or our subsidiaries, which may be provided by us are also forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are only predictions. Forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and projections about future events and are inherently subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control, which could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated or projected. All forward-looking statements included in this document are based on information available to us on the date of filing and we further caution investors that our business and financial performance are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties. We assume no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements. In evaluating these statements, you should specifically consider various factors, including the risk factors set forth in Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as well as in Item 1. “Business” and Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 1, 2016. All references to “we”, “us”, “our”, “PDF”, “PDF Solutions” or “the Company” refer to PDF Solutions, Inc. 

 Overview

We analyze our customers’ IC design and manufacturing processes to identify, quantify, and correct the issues that cause yield loss to improve our customers’ profitability by improving time-to-market, increasing yield and reducing total design and manufacturing costs. We package our solutions in various ways to meet our customers’ specific business and budgetary needs, each of which provides us various revenue streams. We receive a mix of fixed fees and variable, performance-based fees for the vast majority of our yield improvement solutions. The fixed fees are typically reflective of the length of time and the resources needed to characterize a customer’s manufacturing process and receive preliminary results of proposed yield improvement suggestions. The variable fee, or what we call Gainshare, usually depends on our achieving certain yield targets by a deadline.  Variable fees are currently typically tied to wafer volume on the node size of the manufacturing facility where we performed the yield improvement solutions. We receive license fees and service fees for related installation, integration, training, and maintenance and support services for our software that we license on a stand-alone basis.

 Industry Trend

Consistent with the trend since 2010, we expect that the largest logic foundries will continue to invest significantly in leading edge nodes and capacity throughout 2016. Leading foundries continue to invest in new technologies such as multi-patterned lithography and 3-D transistor architecture, which provide opportunities to increase our business.

The capacity utilization of our customers on 28nm declined during 2015, which caused our Gainshare revenue to decline significantly in the same period. Although capacity utilization improved at the end of 2015 and the first half of 2016, we believe that 28nm capacity utilization may not continue to increase substantially (or at all) for 2016, which would have a negative impact on our Gainshare revenue.

Generally, the demand for consumer electronics and communications devices continues to drive technological innovation in the semiconductor industry as the need for products with greater performance, lower power consumption, reduced costs and smaller size continues to grow with each new product generation. In addition, advances in computing systems and mobile devices have fueled demand for higher capacity memory chips. To meet these demands, IC manufacturers and designers are constantly challenged to improve the overall performance of their ICs by designing and manufacturing ICs with more embedded applications to create greater functionality while lowering cost per transistor. As a result, both logic and memory manufacturers have migrated to more and more advanced manufacturing nodes, capable of integrating more devices with higher performance, higher density, and lower power. As this trend continues, companies will continually be challenged to improve process capabilities to optimally produce ICs with minimal random and systematic yield loss, which is driven by the lack of compatibility between the design and its respective manufacturing process. We believe that as volume production of deep submicron ICs continues to grow, the difficulties of integrating IC designs with their respective processes and ramping new manufacturing processes will create a greater need for products and services that address the yield loss and escalating cost issues the semiconductor industry is facing today and will face in the future.   

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Customer Contracts

Although a substantial portion of our total revenues are concentrated in a small number of customers, the total revenues for each of these customers in any period is the result of Design-to-silicon-yield solutions and Gainshare performance incentives revenues recognized in the period under multiple, separate contracts, with no interdependent performance obligations. These contracts were all entered into in the ordinary course of our business and contain general terms and conditions that are standard across most of our yield improvement solutions customers, including providing services typically targeted to one manufacturing process node, for example the 28 or 20 nanometer node. Fluctuations in future results may occur if any of these customers renegotiate pre-existing contractual commitments due to adverse changes in their own business. See the additional discussion in Part I, Item 1, "Customers," on page 9 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, and in Item 1A, "Risk Factors," on pages 12 through 19 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, for related information on the risks associated with customer concentration and Gainshare performance incentives revenue.

 Financial Highlights  

Financial highlights for the three months ended June 30, 2016, were as follows: 

• Total revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2016, were $26.7 million, an increase of $3.5 million, or 15%, compared to $23.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2015. Design-to-silicon-yield solutions revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2016, was $20.6 million, an increase of $6.4 million, or 45%, when compared to Design-to-silicon yield solutions revenue of $14.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2015. The increase in Design-to-silicon-yield solutions was primarily the result of more billable hours to revenue-generating projects in the period due to increased business activity and an increase in the revenue from our Exensio big data solution. Gainshare performance incentives revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2016, was $6.1 million, a decrease of $2.9 million, or 32%, compared to $9.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2015. The decrease in revenue from Gainshare performance incentives was primarily the result of lower net volumes reported at 28nm engagements.

•  Net income for the three months ended June 30, 2016, was $2.2 million, compared to $2.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2015.

•  Net income per basic and diluted share was $0.07 for the three months ended June 30, 2016, the same as net income per basic and diluted share of $0.07 for the three months ended June 30, 2015.

Financial highlights for the six months ended June 30, 2016, were as follows: 

• Total revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2016, were $51.8 million, an increase of $1.7 million, or 3%, compared to $50.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015. Design-to-silicon-yield solutions revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2016, was $39.2 million, an increase of $6.8 million, or 21%, when compared to Design-to-silicon yield solutions revenue of $32.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015. The increase in Design-to-silicon-yield solutions was primarily the result of more billable hours to revenue-generating projects in the period due to increased business activity and an increase in the revenue from our Exensio big data solution. Gainshare performance incentives revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2016, was $12.6 million, a decrease of $5.1 million, or 29%, compared to $17.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015. The decrease in revenue from Gainshare performance incentives was primarily the result of lower net volumes reported at 28nm engagements. 

•  Net income for the six months ended June 30, 2016, was $4.3 million, compared to $8.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015. The decrease in net income was primarily attributable to a $0.4 million decrease in gross margin due to the mix shift between Design-to-silicon yield solutions and Gainshare performance incentive revenue, a $5.6 million increase in operating expense, which was primarily driven by a ramp up in the development activity related to our Design-For-Inspection (DFI) solution initiative, an $0.4 million unfavorable change in interest and other income (expense), offset by the $2.6 million decrease in tax provision due to lower level of taxable income. 

•  Net income per basic and diluted share was $0.14 and $0.13, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2016, compared to net income per basic and diluted share of $0.26 and $0.25, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2015.

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Critical Accounting Policies

There were no significant changes in our critical accounting policies. Please refer to Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contained in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015. The following is a brief discussion of the more significant accounting policies and methods that we use. 

General

Our discussion and analysis of our financial conditions, results of operations and cash flows are based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Our preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. We based our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. The most significant estimates and assumptions relate to revenue recognition, stock-based compensation and the realization of deferred tax assets. Actual amounts may differ from such estimates under different assumptions or conditions. 

Revenue Recognition

We derive revenue from two sources: Design-to-silicon-yield solutions, which include services and software licenses, and Gainshare performance incentives.

Design-to-Silicon-Yield Solutions — Revenue that is derived from Design-to-silicon-yield solutions comes from services and software licenses. We recognize revenue for Design-to-silicon-yield solutions as follows:

We generate a significant portion of our Design-to-silicon-yield solutions revenue from fixed-price solution implementation service contracts delivered over a specific period of time. These contracts require reliable estimation of costs to perform obligations and the overall scope of each engagement. Revenue under project–based contracts for solution implementation services is recognized as services are performed using percentage of completion method of contract accounting based on costs or labor-hours input method, whichever is the most appropriate measure of the progress towards completion of the contract. Losses on solution implementation contracts are recognized in the period when they become probable. Revisions in profit estimates are reflected in the period in which the conditions that require the revisions become known and can be estimated. If we do not accurately estimate the resources required or the scope of work to be performed, or do not manage the projects properly within the planned period of time or satisfy our obligations under contracts, resulting contract margins could be materially different than those anticipated when the contracts were executed. Any such reductions in contract margin could have a material negative impact on our operating results.  Revenue under certain time and materials contracts for solution implementation services is recognized as the services are performed.

On occasion, we license our software products as a component of our fixed price service contracts. In such instances, the software products are licensed to customers over a specified term of the agreement with support and maintenance to be provided at each customer's option over the license term. The amount of product and service revenue recognized in a given period is affected by our judgment as to whether an arrangement includes multiple deliverables and, if so, our determination of the fair value of each deliverable. In general, vendor-specific objective evidence of selling price (“VSOE”)  does not exist for our solution implementation services and software products and because our services and products include our unique technology, we are not able to determine third-party evidence of selling price (“TPE”). Therefore, in such circumstances, we use best estimated selling prices (“BESP”) in our allocation of arrangement consideration. In determining BESP, we apply significant judgment as we weigh a variety of factors, based on the facts and circumstances of the arrangement. We typically arrive at BESP for a product or service that is not sold separately by considering company-specific factors such as geographies, internal costs, gross margin objectives, pricing practices used to establish bundled pricing, and existing portfolio pricing and discounting. After fair value is established for each deliverable, the total transaction amount is allocated to each deliverable based upon its relative fair value. Fees allocated to solution implementation services are recognized using the percentage of completion method of contract accounting. Fees allocated to software and related support and maintenance are recognized under software revenue recognition guidance.  

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We also license our software products separately from our solution implementation services. For software license arrangements that do not require significant modification or customization of the underlying software, software license revenue is recognized under the residual method when (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (2) delivery has occurred, (3) the fee is fixed or determinable, (4) collectability is probable, and (5) the arrangement does not require services that are essential to the functionality of the software. When arrangements include multiple elements such as support and maintenance, consulting (other than for our fixed price solution implementations), installation, and training, revenue is allocated to each element of a transaction based upon its fair value as determined by our VSOE and such services are recorded as services revenues. VSOE for maintenance is generally established based upon negotiated renewal rates while VSOE for consulting, installation, and training services is established based upon our customary pricing for such services when sold separately. When software is licensed for a specified term, fees for support and maintenance are generally bundled with the license fee over the entire term of the contract. The Company is unable to establish VSOE of fair value for maintenance services that are generally bundled with term licenses. In these cases, the Company recognizes revenue ratably over the term of the contract.

Revenue from Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) that allows for the use of a hosted software product or service over a contractually determined period of time without taking possession of software is accounted for as a subscription and recognized as revenue ratably over the coverage period beginning on the date the service is first made available to customers.

Revenue for software licenses with extended payment terms is not recognized in excess of amounts due. For software license arrangements that require significant modification or customization of the underlying software, the software license revenue is recognized as services are performed using the percentage of completion method of contract accounting, and such revenue is recorded as services revenue.

Deferred revenues consist primarily of amounts invoiced in advance of revenue recognition and are recognized as the revenue recognition criteria are met. Deferred revenues that will be recognized during the succeeding 12-month period are recorded as current deferred revenues and the remaining portion is recorded as non- current deferred revenues.

Gainshare Performance Incentives  — When we enter into a contract to provide yield improvement services, the contract usually includes two components: (1) a fixed fee for performance by us of services delivered over a specific period of time; and (2) a Gainshare performance incentives component where the customer may pay a contingent variable fee, usually after the fixed fee period has ended. Revenues derived from Gainshare performance incentives represent profit sharing and performance incentives earned contingent upon our customers reaching certain defined operational levels established in related solution implementation service contracts. Gainshare performance incentives periods are usually subsequent to the delivery of all contractual services and therefore have no cost to us. Due to the uncertainties surrounding attainment of such operational levels, we recognize Gainshare performance incentives revenues (to the extent of completion of the related solution implementation services) upon receipt of performance reports or other related information from our customers supporting the determination of amounts and probability of collection. Gainshare performance incentives revenue is dependent on many factors which are outside our control, which can include among others, continued production of the related ICs by our customers, sustained yield improvements by our customers, and our ability to enter into new Design-to-silicon-yield solutions contracts containing provisions for Gainshare performance incentives.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation is estimated at the grant date based on the award’s fair value and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting periods, generally four years. As stock-based compensation expense recognized is based on awards ultimately expected to vest, it has been reduced for estimated forfeitures. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.

We have elected to use the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model, which incorporates various assumptions including volatility, expected life and interest rates. The expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of our common stock over the most recent period commensurate with the estimated expected life of stock options. The expected life of an award is based on historical experience and on the terms and conditions of the stock awards granted to employees. The interest rate assumption is based upon observed Treasury yield curve rates appropriate for the expected life of stock options.

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Income Taxes

We are required to assess the likelihood that our deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income and if we believe that they are not likely to be realizable before the expiration dates applicable to such assets then, to the extent we believe that recovery is not likely, establish a valuation allowance. Changes in the net deferred tax assets, less offsetting valuation allowance, in a period are recorded through the income tax provision in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The valuation allowance was approximately $6.4 million and $6.2 million as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, which was related to California R&D tax credits and California net operating losses related to acquisition that we currently do not believe to be more likely than not to be ultimately realized. If we conclude at a future financial reporting period that there has been a change in our ability to realize our California R&D credit and net operating loss carry forward deferred tax assets, and it is at such time no longer “more–likely-than-not” that we will realize the tax credits before applicable expiration dates, our tax provision will increase in the period in which we make such determination.

Our income tax calculations are based on application of the respective U.S. federal, state or foreign tax law. Our tax filings, however, are subject to audit by the respective tax authorities. Accordingly, we recognize tax liabilities based upon our estimate of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due when such estimates are more-likely-than-not to be sustained. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. To the extent the final tax liabilities are different than the amounts originally accrued, the increases or decreases are recorded as income tax expense or benefit in the consolidated statements of operations. 

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

We record goodwill when the purchase consideration of an acquisition exceeds the fair value of the net tangible and identified intangible assets as of the date of acquisition. We perform an annual impairment assessment of goodwill during the fourth quarter of each calendar year or more frequently if required to determine if any events or circumstances exist, such as an adverse change in business climate or a decline in the overall industry demand, that would indicate that it would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount, including goodwill. If events or circumstances do not indicate that the fair value of a reporting unit is below its carrying amount, then goodwill is not considered to be impaired and no further testing is required. If further testing is required, we perform a two-step process. The first step involves comparing the fair value of its reporting unit to its carrying value, including goodwill. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second step of the test is performed by comparing the carrying value of the goodwill in the reporting unit to its implied fair value. An impairment charge is recognized for the excess of the carrying value of goodwill over its implied fair value. For the purpose of impairment testing, we have determined that we have one reporting unit. There was no impairment of goodwill for the period ended June 30, 2016.

Our long-lived assets, excluding goodwill, consist of property and equipment and intangible assets. We periodically review our long-lived assets for impairment. For assets to be held and used, we initiate our review whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of a long-lived asset group may not be recoverable. Recoverability of an asset group is measured by comparison of its carrying amount to the expected future undiscounted cash flows that the asset group is expected to generate. If it is determined that an asset group is not recoverable, an impairment loss is recorded in the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds its fair value. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, there was no impairment related to our long-lived assets.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements and Accounting Changes

See Note 2 of “Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a description of recent accounting pronouncements and accounting changes, including the expected dates of adoption and estimated effects, if any, on our consolidated financial statements.   

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  Results of Operations

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the percentage of total revenues represented by the line items reflected in our condensed consolidated statements of operations:  

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2016			2015			2016			2015
Revenues:
Design-to-silicon-yield solutions		77	%		61	%		76	%		65	%
Gainshare performance incentives		23			39			24			35
Total revenues		100	%		100	%		100	%		100	%
Costs of design-to-silicon-yield solutions		40			43			40			37
Amortization of acquired technology		—			—			—			—
Gross profit		60			57			60			63
Operating expenses:
Research and development		27			19			26			17
Selling, general and administrative		19			22			20			20
Amoritization of other acquired intangible assets		—			—			—			—
Total operating expenses		46			41			46			37
Income from operations		14			16			14			26
Interest and other income (expense), net		—			—			(1	)		—
Income before taxes		14			16			13			26
Income tax provision		6			7			5			10
Net income		8	%		9	%		8	%		16	%

Comparison of the Three Months Ended June 30, 2016 and 2015

	Three Months Ended June 30,				$			%
Revenues	2016		2015		Change			Change
(in thousands, except for percentages)
Design-to-silicon-yield solutions	$	20,574	$	14,159	$	6,415			45	%
Gainshare performance incentives		6,114		9,051		(2,937	)		(32	)%
Total revenues	$	26,688	$	23,210	$	3,478			15	%

Design-to-silicon-yield solutions. Design-to-silicon-yield solutions revenue is derived from services (including solution implementations, software support and maintenance, consulting, and training) and software licenses, provided during our customer yield improvement engagements as well as during solution product sales.  Design-to-silicon-yield solutions revenue increased $6.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2016, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2015, primarily due to an increase in the revenue from fixed fee integrated solutions, the result of more billable hours to revenue-generating projects in the period due to increased business activity and an increase in the revenue from our Exensio big data solution. Our Design-to-silicon-yield solutions revenue may fluctuate in the future and is dependent on a number of factors, including the semiconductor industry’s continued acceptance of our solutions, the timing of purchases by existing customers, and our ability to attract new customers and penetrate new markets including photovoltaic and LED, and further penetration of our current customer base. Fluctuations in future results may also occur if any of our significant customers renegotiate pre-existing contractual commitments due to adverse changes in their own business or, in the case of a time and materials contract, may take advantage of contractual provisions that permit the suspension of contracted work for a period if their business experiences a financial hardship.

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Gainshare Performance Incentives. Gainshare performance incentives revenues represent profit sharing and performance incentives earned contingent upon our customers reaching certain defined operational levels. Revenue derived from Gainshare performance incentives decreased $2.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2016, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2015.  The decrease was primarily the result of lower net volumes reported at older nodes, primarily 28nm engagement. Our Gainshare performance incentives revenue may continue to fluctuate from period to period. Gainshare performance incentives revenue is dependent on many factors that are outside our control, including among others, continued production of ICs by our customers at facilities at which we generate gainshare, sustained yield improvements by our customers, and our ability to enter into new Design-to-silicon-yield solutions contracts containing provisions for Gainshare performance incentives.  

	Three Months Ended June 30,				$		%
Costs of Design-to-silicon-yield solutions	2016		2015		Change		Change
(in thousands, except for percentages)
Direct costs of Design-to-silicon-yield solutions	$	10,558	$	9,888	$	670		7	%
Amortization of acquired technology		96		—		96		—	%
Total costs of Design-to-silicon-yield solutions	$	10,654	$	9,888	$	766		8	%

Costs of Design-to-silicon-yield solutions. Costs of Design-to-silicon-yield solutions consist of costs incurred to provide and support our services and costs recognized in connection with licensing our software. Services costs consist of material, employee compensation and related benefits, overhead costs, travel and facilities-related costs. Software license costs consist of costs associated with licensing third-party software sold in conjunction with our software products. Direct costs of Design-to-silicon-yield solutions for the three months ended June 30, 2016 increased $0.7 million compared to the three months ended June 30, 2015, primarily due to a $0.6 million increase in personnel cost driven by hiring in Asia and world-wide merit increases, a $0.1 million increase in subcontractor expense, a $0.1 million increase in depreciation expense, a $0.1 million increase in travel expense, and a $0.1 million increase in facility cost, offset by a $0.3 million decrease in equipment costs. Amortization of acquired technology for the three months ended June 30, 2016 was due to the amortization of acquired technology from the Syntricity acquisition.   

	Three Months Ended
	June 30,				$		%
Research and Development	2016		2015		Change		Change
(in thousands, except for percentages)
Research and development	$	7,060	$	4,437	$	2,623		59	%

Research and Development. Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel-related costs to support product development activities, including compensation and benefits, outside development services, travel and facilities cost allocations, and stock-based compensation charges. Research and development expenses increased $2.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2016, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2015, primarily due to a $1.2 million personnel-related expense due to higher headcount and world-wide merit increases, a $1.0 million increase in subcontractor expense, a $0.2 million increase in facility expense, a $0.1 million increase in lab supplies, and a $0.1 million increase in travel expense. The increased investment in research and development is primarily driven by a ramp up in the development activity related to our DFI solution initiative and is expected to continue during 2016. We anticipate our expenses in research and development will fluctuate in absolute dollars from period to period as a result of cost control initiatives and the timing of when we hire personnel as a result of the size and the timing of product development projects. 

	Three Months Ended
	June 30,				$			%
Selling, General and Administrative	2016		2015		Change			Change
(in thousands, except for percentages)
Selling, general and administrative	$	5,094	$	5,216	$	(122	)		(2	)%

Selling, General and Administrative. Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of compensation and benefits for sales, marketing and general and administrative personnel, legal and accounting services, marketing communications, travel and facilities cost allocations, and stock-based compensation charges. Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased $0.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2016, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2015, primarily due to a $0.5 million decrease in acquisition-related costs related to Syntricity acquisition  in the prior year, a $0.1 million decrease in provision for doubtful accounts, offset by a $0.4 million increase in personnel-related expense as a result of increased headcount from Syntricity acquisition, hiring in our software solution business and world-wide merit increases, and a $0.1 million increase in subcontractor costs. We anticipate our selling, general and administrative expenses will fluctuate in absolute dollars from period to period as a result of cost control initiatives and to support increased selling efforts in the future.  

	Three Months Ended
	June 30,				$		%
Amortization of Other Acquired Intangible Assets	2016		2015		Change		Change
(In thousands, except for percentages)
Amortization of other acquired intangible assets	$	117	$	—	$	117		—	%

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Amortization of Other Acquired Intangible Assets. Amortization of other acquired intangible assets consists of amortization of intangibles acquired as a result of certain business combinations. The amortization of other acquired intangible assets for the three months ended June 30, 2016 is related to amortization of acquired intangible assets from the Syntricity acquisition.  

	Three Months Ended
	June 30,					$			%
Interest and Other Income (Expense), Net	2016			2015		Change			Change
(in thousands, except for percentages)
Interest and other income (expense), net	$	(51	)	$	52	$	(103	)		(198	)%

Interest and Other Income (expense), net.  Interest and other income (expense), net changed $0.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2016 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2015. The change was primarily due to foreign exchange rate movements.

	Three Months Ended
	June 30,				$			%
Income Tax Provision	2016		2015		Change			Change
(in thousands, except for percentages)
Income tax provision	$	1,498	$	1,572	$	(74	)		(5	)%

Income Tax Provision. Income tax provision decreased $0.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2016, compared to three months ended June 30, 2015, primarily due to primarily due to the permanent reinstatement of the U.S. federal research tax credit.

 Comparison of the Six Months Ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 

	Six Months Ended
	June 30,				$			%
Revenues	2016		2015		Change			Change
(In thousands, except for percentages)
Design-to-silicon-yield solutions	$	39,152	$	32,311	$	6,841			21	%
Gainshare performance incentives		12,617		17,716		(5,099	)		(29	)%
Total	$	51,769	$	50,027	$	1,742			3	%

Design-to-Silicon-Yield Solutions. Design-to-silicon-yield solutions revenue increased $6.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2015, primarily due to an increase in the revenue from fixed fee integrated solutions, the result of more billable hours to revenue-generating projects in the period due to increased business activity and an increase in the revenue from our Exensio big data solution.

Gainshare Performance Incentives. Revenue derived from gainshare performance incentives decreased $5.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2015.  The decrease was primarily the result of lower net volumes reported at 28nm engagements.

	Six Months Ended June 30,				$		%
Costs of Design-to-silicon-yield solutions	2016		2015		Change		Change
(in thousands, except for percentages)
Direct costs of Design-to-silicon-yield solutions	$	20,668	$	18,692	$	1,976		11	%
Amortization of acquired technology		192		—		192		—	%
Total costs of Design-to-silicon-yield solutions	$	20,860	$	18,692	$	2,168		12	%

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Costs of Design-to-Silicon-Yield Solutions.   Direct costs of Design-to-silicon-yield solutions increased $2.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2015. The increase was primarily due to a $0.9 million increase in personnel-related costs, driven by hiring in Asia and world-wide merit increases, a $0.2 million increase in depreciation expense related to our test equipment, a $0.2 million increase in facility expense, a $0.1 million increase in subcontractor expense, a $0.1 million increase in travel expense, offset by a $0.1 million decrease in equipment costs. Amortization of acquired technology for the three months ended June 30, 2016 was due to the amortization of acquired technology from the Syntricity acquisition.   

	Six Months Ended
	June 30,				$		%
Research and Development	2016		2015		Change		Change
(In thousands, except for percentages)
Research and development	$	13,371	$	8,525	$	4,846		57	%

Research and Development. Research and development expenses increased $4.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2015, primarily due to a $2.6 million increase in personnel-related expense due to a higher headcount and world-wide merit increases, a $1.4 million increase in subcontractor expenses, a $0.5 million increase in facility expense, $0.2 million increase in lab supplies and $0.1 million increase in travel expense. The increased investment in research and development is primarily driven by a ramp up in the development activity related to our DFI solution initiative and is expected to continue during 2016.

	Six Months Ended
	June 30,				$		%
Selling, General and Administrative	2016		2015		Change		Change
(In thousands, except for percentages)
Selling, general and administrative	$	10,218	$	9,672	$	546		6	%

      Selling, General and Administrative. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $0.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2015, primarily due to a $0.8 million increase in personnel-related expense as a result of increased headcount from Syntricity acquisition in the third quarter of fiscal year of 2015, hiring in our software solution business and world-wide merit increases, a $0.1 million increase in facility expense, a $0.1 million increase in subcontractor expense and a $0.1 million increase in accounting and legal expense, offset by a $0.5 million decrease in acquisition costs relating to the Syntricity acquisition in the prior year.

	Six Months Ended
	June 30,				$		%
Amortization of Other Acquired Intangible Assets	2016		2015		Change		Change
(In thousands, except for percentages)
Amortization of other acquired intangible assets	$	234	$	—	$	234		—	%

The amortization of other acquired intangible assets for the six months ended June 30, 2016 is related to amortization of acquired intangible assets from the Syntricity acquisition.  

	Six Months Ended
	June 30,					$			%
Interest and Other Income (Expense), Net	2016			2015		Change			Change
(In thousands, except for percentages)
Interest and other income (expense), net	$	(287	)	$	103	$	(390	)		(379	)%

Interest and Other Income (Expense), Net.  Interest and other income (expense) changed $0.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2015. The change was primarily due to foreign exchange rate movements.

	Six Months Ended
	June 30,				$			%
Income Tax Provision	2016		2015		Change			Change
(In thousands, except for percentages)
Income tax provision	$	2,523	$	5,125	$	(2,602	)		(51	)%

Income Tax Provision. Income tax provision decreased $2.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 compared to six months ended June 30, 2015, primarily due to the permanent reinstatement of the U.S. federal research tax credit.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Operating Activities

Cash flows provided by operating activities was $1.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016. This resulted from net income of $4.3 million, an adjustment of $6.1 million for non-cash charges and a cash decrease of $9.4 million reflected in the net change of operating assets and liabilities. Non-cash charges consisted primarily of stock-based compensation of $5.0 million, depreciation and amortization of $1.6 million, tax benefit from stock-based compensation of $0.8 million, amortization of acquired intangible assets of $0.4 million, and loss on disposal of property and equipment of $0.1 million, offset by excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation of $0.7 million and tax withholdings related to net share settlements of restricted stock awards and units of $1.1 million. Cash flow decreases resulting from the net change in operating assets and liabilities primarily consisted of a $1.2 million increase in accounts receivable, a $8.9 million increase in prepaid expense and other assets due to the increase in the long-term unbilled portion of two of the Company's Design-to-silicon-yield solutions contracts, a $1.0 million decrease in billing in excess of recognized revenues, offset by a $0.6 million increase in accounts payable, a $0.3 million increase in accrued compensation and related benefits, and a $1.0 million increase in deferred revenue. The $10.2 million combined cash flow decrease resulting from the increase in accounts receivable, the increase in deferred revenue, the increase in prepaid expense and other assets and the decrease in billings in excess of recognized revenues, was primarily due to the timing of billing milestones and payments received.

Cash flows provided by operating activities was $16.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015. This resulted from net income of $8.1 million, adjustment of $5.8 million for non-cash charges and a cash increase of $2.9 million reflected in the net change of operating assets and liabilities. Non-cash charges consisted primarily of stock-based compensation of $4.6 million, deferred taxes of $1.0 million, tax benefit related to stock-based compensation plan of $2.1 million, depreciation and amortization of $1.2 million, partially offset by excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation of $2.0 million and tax withholdings related to net share settlements of restricted stock awards and units of $1.0 million. Cash flow increases resulting from the net change in operating assets and liabilities primarily consisted of a $6.9 million decrease in accounts receivable, primarily driven by strong collections, a $1.8 million net increase in deferred revenue, offset by a $1.5 million decrease in accrued compensation and related benefits, driven by the payment of variable compensation during the period, and a $4.4 million decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets. The $8.7 million combined cash flow increase resulting from the decrease in accounts receivable and the increase in deferred revenue was primarily due to the timing of billing milestones and payments received.  

Investing Activities

Cash flows used in investing activities of $5.1 million and $2.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, consisted of payments for capital expenditures, primarily test equipment.

Financing Activities

Cash flows provided by financing activities of $0.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016, consisted primarily of $0.8 million of proceeds from our Employee Stock Purchase Plan, $0.5 million of proceeds from the exercise of stock options, $0.7 million of excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation, offset by $1.8 million of cash used to repurchase 129,457 shares of our common stock at an average price of $14.24 per share.

      Cash flows provided by financing activities of $1.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015, consisted primarily of $4.8 million of proceeds from the exercise of stock options, $0.7 million of proceeds from our Employee Stock Purchase Plan, $2.0 million of excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation, offset by $5.6 million of cash used to repurchase 319,712 shares of our common stock at an average price of $17.43 per share.

Liquidity

As of June 30, 2016, our working capital, defined as total current assets less total current liabilities, was $145.1 million, compared with $148.8 million as of December 31, 2015. Cash and cash equivalents were $122.2 million as of June 30, 2016, compared to $126.2 million as of December 31, 2015.  As of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, cash and cash equivalents held by our foreign subsidiaries were $2.6 million and $2.2 million, respectively.  We believe that our existing cash resources and anticipated funds from operations will satisfy our cash requirements to fund our operating activities, capital expenditures and other obligations for the foreseeable future. 

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Off-Balance Sheet Agreements 

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements, investments in special purpose entities or undisclosed borrowings or debt.   

Contractual Obligations

The following table summarizes our known contractual obligations (in thousands) as of June 30, 2016:

	Payments Due by Period
Contractual Obligations (1)	2016 (remaining six months)		2017		2018		2019		2020		2021 and thereafter		Total
Operating lease obligations	$	1,028	$	1,733	$	1,087	$	264	$	195	$	61	$	4,368

(1) The contractual obligation table above excludes liabilities for uncertain tax positions of $2.6 million, which are not practicable to assign to any particular years, due to the inherent uncertainty of the tax positions.  See Note 5 of “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” for further discussion. 

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The following discusses our exposure to market risk related to changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. We do not currently own any equity investments, nor do we expect to own any in the foreseeable future. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that are subject to risks and uncertainties. Actual results could vary materially as a result of a number of factors.

Interest Rate Risk.   As of June 30, 2016, we had cash and cash equivalents of $122.2 million. Cash and cash equivalents consisted of cash and highly liquid money market instruments. We would not expect our operating results or cash flows to be affected to any significant degree by the effect of a sudden change in market interest on our portfolio. A hypothetical increase in market interest rates of 100 basis points from the market rates in effect at June 30, 2016, would cause the fair value of these investments to decrease by an immaterial amount which would not have significantly impacted our financial position or results of operations. Declines in interest rates over time will result in lower interest income and interest expense.

Foreign Currency and Exchange Risk.   Certain of our payables for our international offices are denominated in the local currency, including the Euro, Yen and RMB. Therefore, a portion of our operating expenditures is subject to foreign currency risks. We enter into foreign currency forward contracts to reduce the exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations on certain foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities. We do not use foreign currency forward contracts for speculative or trading purposes. We record these forward contracts at fair value. The counterparty to these foreign currency forward contracts is a large global financial institution that we believe is creditworthy, and therefore, we believe the credit risk of counterparty non-performance is not significant. The change in fair value of these contracts is recorded into earnings as a component of other income (expense), net and offsets the change in fair value of foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities, which is also recorded in other income (expense), net. As of June 30, 2016, we had one outstanding forward contract with a notional amount of $7.1 million. The foreign currency exchange rate movement of plus-or-minus 10% will result in the change in fair value of this contract of plus-or-minus $0.7 million.  

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial and accounting officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our "disclosure controls and procedures" as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) as of June 30, 2016, in connection with the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on that evaluation as of June 30, 2016, our principal executive officer and principal financial and accounting officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in rules and forms of the SEC and accumulated and communicated to our management as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.    

 Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended June 30, 2016, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting. 

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we are subject to various claims and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. We accrue for losses related to litigation when a potential loss is probable and the loss can be reasonably estimated in accordance with FASB requirements. During the reported period, we were not a party to any material legal proceedings, thus no loss was probable and no amount was accrued at June 30, 2016.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” on pages 12 through 19 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, provides information on the significant risks associated with our business. There have been no subsequent material changes to these risks.  

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds 

The table below sets forth the information with respect to purchases made by or on behalf of the Company or any “affiliated purchaser” (as the term is defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) of our common stock during the three months ended June 30, 2016 (in thousands except per share amounts):

ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)		Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Programs (1)		Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under Programs(1)
Month #4 (April 1, 2016 through April 30, 2016)		—	$	—		—	$	10,475
Month #5 (May 1, 2016 through May 31, 2016)		—	$	—		—	$	10,475
Month #6 (June 1, 2016 through June 30, 2016)		129	$	14.24		129	$	8,631
Total		129	$	14.24		129

(1) On October 21, 2014, the Board of Directors adopted a program, effectively immediately, to repurchase up to $25.0 million of the Company’s common stock both on the open market and in privately negotiated transactions over the next two years.

28

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.  

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

None. 

Item 5. Other Information

None. 

29

Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit Number	Description
10.20	PDF Solutions, Inc.’s Third Amended and Restated 2011 Stock Incentive Plan (filed as Appendix A to the Company’s Proxy Statement on Form DEF14A on April 13, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference).
31.01	Certification of the principal executive officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.02	Certification of the principal financial and accounting officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.01	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.02	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

30

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	PDF SOLUTIONS, INC.
Date: August 4, 2016	By:	/s/ JOHN K. KIBARIAN
		John K. Kibarian
		President and Chief Executive Officer
		(principal executive officer)

Date: August 4, 2016	By:	/s/ GREGORY C. WALKER
		Gregory C. Walker
		Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer
		(principal financial and accounting officer)

31

INDEX TO EXHIBITS

Exhibit Number	Description
10.20	PDF Solutions, Inc.’s Third Amended and Restated 2011 Stock Incentive Plan (filed as Appendix A to the Company’s Proxy Statement on Form DEF14A on April 13, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference).
31.01	Certification of the principal executive officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.02	Certification of the principal financial and accounting officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.01	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.02	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

32

EX-31.01

 Exhibit 31.01

CERTIFICATIONS

 I, John K. Kibarian, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of PDF Solutions, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

By:	/s/ JOHN K. KIBARIAN
	John K. Kibarian
	President and Chief Executive Officer
	(principal executive officer)

Date: August 4, 2016

EX-31.02

Exhibit 31.02

CERTIFICATIONS

I, Gregory C. Walker, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of PDF Solutions, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

By:	/s/ GREGORY C. WALKER
	Gregory C. Walker
	Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer
	(principal financial and accounting officer)

Date: August 4, 2016

EX-32.01

 Exhibit 32.01

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of PDF Solutions, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2016, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 3, 2016 (the “Report”), I, John K. Kibarian, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company.

By:	/s/ JOHN K. KIBARIAN
	John K. Kibarian
	President and Chief Executive Officer
	(principal executive officer)

Date: August 4, 2016

EX-32.02

Exhibit 32.02

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of PDF Solutions, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2016 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 3, 2016 (the “Report”), I, Gregory C. Walker, Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company.

By:	/s/ GREGORY C. WALKER
	Gregory C. Walker
	Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer
	(principal financial and accounting officer)

Date: August 4, 2016

XML

Document And Entity Information - shares	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2016	Jul. 28, 2016
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Registrant Name	PDF SOLUTIONS INC
Entity Central Index Key	0001120914
Trading Symbol	pdfs
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (in shares)		31,341,201
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Jun. 30, 2016
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2016
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Amendment Flag	false

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Current Period Unaudited) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 122,222,000	$ 126,158,000
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $200 and $299, respectively	34,786,000	33,438,000
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	4,728,000	3,655,000
Total current assets	161,736,000	163,251,000
Property and equipment, net	16,076,000	11,325,000
Deferred tax assets	10,106,000	10,299,000
Goodwill	215,000	215,000
Intangible assets, net	4,603,000	5,028,000
Other non-current assets	9,497,000	1,651,000
Total assets	202,233,000	191,769,000
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	2,469,000	1,293,000
Accrued compensation and related benefits	5,150,000	4,812,000
Accrued and other current liabilities	2,924,000	2,382,000
Deferred revenues – current portion	5,740,000	4,702,000
Billings in excess of recognized revenue	312,000	1,267,000
Total current liabilities	16,595,000	14,456,000
Long-term income taxes payable	2,594,000	2,540,000
Other non-current liabilities	328,000	466,000
Total liabilities	19,517,000	17,462,000
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.00015 par value, 5,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding	0	0
Common stock, $0.00015 par value, 70,000 shares authorized: shares issued 37,880 and 37,476, respectively; shares outstanding 31,311 and 31,111, respectively	5,000	5,000
Additional paid-in-capital	272,886,000	266,008,000
Treasury stock at cost, 6,569 and 6,365 shares in 2016 and 2015, respectively	(53,301,000)	(50,383,000)
Accumulated deficit	(35,504,000)	(39,780,000)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(1,370,000)	(1,543,000)
Total stockholders’ equity	182,716,000	174,307,000
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 202,233,000	$ 191,769,000

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Current Period Unaudited) (Parentheticals) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Accounts receivable, allowance	$ 200	$ 299
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.00015	$ 0.00015
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	5,000,000	5,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.00015	$ 0.00015
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	70,000,000	70,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	37,880,000	37,476,000
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	31,311,000	31,111,000
Treasury stock, shares (in shares)	6,569,000	6,365,000

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2015	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2015
Revenues:
Design-to-silicon-yield solutions	$ 20,574	$ 14,159	$ 39,152	$ 32,311
Gainshare performance incentives	6,114	9,051	12,617	17,716
Total revenues	26,688	23,210	51,769	50,027
Costs of Design-to-silicon-yield solutions:
Direct costs of Design-to-silicon-yield solutions	10,558	9,888	20,668	18,692
Amortization of acquired technology	96		192
Total cost of Design-to-silicon-yield solutions	10,654	9,888	20,860	18,692
Gross profit	16,034	13,322	30,909	31,335
Operating expenses:
Research and development	7,060	4,437	13,371	8,525
Selling, general and administrative	5,094	5,216	10,218	9,672
Amortization of other acquired intangible assets	117		234
Total operating expenses	12,271	9,653	23,823	18,197
Income from operations	3,763	3,669	7,086	13,138
Interest and other income (expense), net	(51)	52	(287)	103
Income before income taxes	3,712	3,721	6,799	13,241
Income tax provision	1,498	1,572	2,523	5,125
Net income	$ 2,214	$ 2,149	$ 4,276	$ 8,116
Net income per share:
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.07	$ 0.07	$ 0.14	$ 0.26
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 0.07	$ 0.07	$ 0.13	$ 0.25
Weighted average common shares:
Basic (in shares)	31,276	31,522	31,222	31,429
Diluted (in shares)	32,023	32,400	31,872	32,345
Net income	$ 2,214	$ 2,149	$ 4,276	$ 8,116
Other comprehensive income:
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax	(186)	146	173	(602)
Comprehensive income	$ 2,028	$ 2,295	$ 4,449	$ 7,514

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2015
Operating activities:
Net income	$ 4,276,000	$ 8,116,000
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	1,624,000	1,237,000
Stock-based compensation expense	4,957,000	4,554,000
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	425,000	0
Deferred taxes	192,000	997,000
Loss on disposal of property and equipment	107,000	3,000
Purchases of treasury stock in connection with tax withholdings on restricted stock grants	(1,075,000)	(1,052,000)
Reversal of allowance for doubtful accounts	(99,000)	(82,000)
Unrealized loss (gain) on foreign currency forward contract	(34,000)	3,000
Tax benefit related to stock-based compensation expense	748,000	2,094,000
Excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation	(708,000)	(1,980,000)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(1,249,000)	6,861,000
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(8,908,000)	(4,428,000)
Accounts payable	610,000	(39,000)
Accrued compensation and related benefits	346,000	(1,521,000)
Accrued and other liabilities	(223,000)	256,000
Deferred revenues	947,000	1,774,000
Billings in excess of recognized revenues	(955,000)
Net cash provided by operating activities	981,000	16,793,000
Investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment	(5,051,000)	(2,388,000)
Net cash used in investing activities	(5,051,000)	(2,388,000)
Financing activities:
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	452,000	4,764,000
Proceeds from employee stock purchase plan	778,000	680,000
Excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation	708,000	1,980,000
Purchases of treasury stock	(1,843,000)	(5,571,000)
Net cash provided by financing activities	95,000	1,853,000
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	39,000	(23,000)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	(3,936,000)	16,235,000
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	126,158,000	115,464,000
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	122,222,000	131,699,000
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Taxes	1,336,000	3,920,000
Property and equipment received and accrued in accounts payable and accrued and other liabilities	$ 1,656,000	$ 582,000

XML

Note 1 - Basis of Presentation

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Notes to Financial Statements

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements Disclosure [Text Block]

1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Basis of Presentation

The interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared by PDF Solutions, Inc. (“the Company”) pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), including the instructions to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America have been condensed or omitted. The interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect, in the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments), to present a fair statement of results for the interim periods presented. The operating results for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for other interim periods or the full fiscal year. The accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries after the elimination of all intercompany balances and transactions.

The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2015, has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Use of Estimates

 —  The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates in these financial statements include revenue recognition for fixed-price solution implementation service contracts, accounting for goodwill and intangible assets, stock-based compensation expense and accounting for income taxes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Revenue Recognition

 — The Company derives revenue from two sources: Design-to-silicon-yield solutions and Gainshare performance incentives.

Design-to-Silicon-Yield Solutions — Revenue that is derived from Design-to-silicon-yield solutions comes from services and software licenses. The Company recognizes revenue of Design-to-silicon-yield solutions as follows:

The Company generates a significant portion of its Design-to-silicon-yield solutions revenue from fixed-price solution implementation service contracts delivered over a specific period of time. These contracts require reliable estimation of costs to perform obligations and the overall scope of each engagement. Revenue under project–based contracts for solution implementation services is recognized as services are performed using percentage of completion method of contract accounting based on costs or labor-hours input method, whichever is the most appropriate measure of the progress towards completion of the contract. Losses on fixed-price solution implementation contracts are recognized in the period when they become probable. Revisions in profit estimates are reflected in the period in which the conditions that require the revisions become known and can be estimated (cumulative catch-up method). During the period ended June 30, 2016, we recognized changes in one project’s profitability from revisions in estimates due to the customer’s directed scope changes that resulted in favorable changes of in our net income for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2016 of $0.9 million or $0.03 per diluted share. Revenue under time and materials contracts for solution implementation services are recognized as the services are performed. On occasion, the Company licenses its software products as a component of its fixed-price service contracts. In such instances, the software products are licensed to customers over a specified term of the agreement with support and maintenance to be provided at each customer's option over the license term. The amount of product and service revenue recognized in a given period is affected by the Company’s judgment as to whether an arrangement includes multiple deliverables and, if so, the Company’s determination of the fair value of each deliverable. In general, vendor-specific objective evidence of selling price (“VSOE”) does not exist for the Company’s solution implementation services and software products and because the Company’s services and products include our unique technology, the Company is not able to determine third-party evidence of selling price (“TPE”). Therefore, in such circumstances the Company uses best estimated selling prices (“BESP”) in the allocation of arrangement consideration. In determining BESP, the Company applies significant judgment as the Company’s weighs a variety of factors, based on the facts and circumstances of the arrangement. The Company typically arrives at BESP for a product or service that is not sold separately by considering company-specific factors such as geographies, internal costs, gross margin objectives, pricing practices used to establish bundled pricing, and existing portfolio pricing and discounting. After fair value is established for each deliverable, the total transaction amount is allocated to each deliverable based upon its relative fair value. Fees allocated to solution implementation services are recognized using the percentage of completion method of contract accounting. Fees allocated to software and related support and maintenance are recognized under software revenue recognition guidance. 

The Company also licenses its software products separately from its solution implementations. For software license arrangements that do not require significant modification or customization of the underlying software, software license revenue is recognized under the residual method when (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (2) delivery has occurred, (3) the fee is fixed or determinable, (4) collectability is probable, and (5) the arrangement does not require services that are essential to the functionality of the software. When arrangements include multiple elements such as support and maintenance, consulting (other than for its fixed price solution implementations), installation, and training, revenue is allocated to each element of a transaction based upon its fair value as determined by the Company’s VSOE and such services are recorded as services revenue. VSOE for maintenance is generally established based upon negotiated renewal rates while VSOE for consulting, installation, and training services is established based upon the Company’s customary pricing for such services when sold separately. When software is licensed for a specified term, fees for support and maintenance are generally bundled with the license fee over the entire term of the contract. The Company is unable to establish VSOE of fair value for maintenance services that are generally bundled with term licenses. In these cases, the Company recognizes revenue ratably over the term of the contract.

Revenue from Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) that allows for the use of a hosted software product or service over a contractually determined period of time without taking possession of software is accounted for as a subscription and recognized as revenue ratably over the coverage period beginning on the date the service is first made available to customers.

Revenue for software licenses with extended payment terms is not recognized in excess of amounts due. For software license arrangements that require significant modification or customization of the underlying software, the software license revenue is recognized as services are performed using the percentage of completion method of contract accounting, and such revenue is recorded as services revenue.

Deferred revenues consist primarily of amounts invoiced in advance of revenue recognition and are recognized as the revenue recognition criteria are met. Deferred revenues that will be recognized during the succeeding 12-month period are recorded as current deferred revenues and the remaining portion is recorded as non- current deferred revenues. The non-current portion of deferred revenue was $0.2 million as of June 30, 2016 and $0.3 million as of December 31, 2015. This balance was recorded in the other non-current liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Gainshare Performance Incentives — When the Company enters into a contract to provide yield improvement services, the contract usually includes two components: (1) a fixed fee for performance by the Company of services delivered over a specific period of time; and (2) a Gainshare performance incentive component where the customer may pay a contingent variable fee, usually after the fixed fee period has ended. Revenue derived from Gainshare performance incentives represents profit sharing and performance incentives earned contingent upon the Company’s customers reaching certain defined operational levels established in related solution implementation service contracts. Gainshare performance incentives periods are usually subsequent to the delivery of all contractual services and therefore have no cost to the Company. Due to the uncertainties surrounding attainment of such operational levels, the Company recognizes Gainshare performance incentives revenue (to the extent of completion of the related solution implementation contract) upon receipt of performance reports or other related information from the customer supporting the determination of amounts and probability of collection.

XML

Note 2 - Recent Accounting Pronouncements

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Notes to Financial Statements

New Accounting Pronouncements and Changes in Accounting Principles [Text Block]

2. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

There have been no developments to recently issued accounting standards, including the expected dates of adoption and estimated effects on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures, from those disclosed in the Company’s 2015 Annual Report on Form 10-K, except for the following:

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (or FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (or ASU) No. 2016-2, Leases (Topic 842).  The update requires that most leases, including operating leases, be recorded on the balance sheet as an asset and a liability, initially measured at the present value of the lease payments.  Subsequently, the lease asset will be amortized generally on a straight-line basis over the lease term, and the lease liability will bear interest expense and be reduced for lease payments.  The amendments in this update are effective for public companies’ financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years.  The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net). This update clarifies the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations. The guidance includes indicators to assist an entity in determining whether it controls a specified good or service before it is transferred to the customers. The amendments in this update are effective for public companies’ financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. This standard makes several modifications to Topic 718 related to the accounting for forfeitures, employer tax withholding on share-based compensation and the financial statement presentation of excess tax benefits or deficiencies. ASU 2016-09 also clarifies the statement of cash flows presentation for certain components of share-based awards. The update is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted in any interim or annual period. If an entity early adopts the amendments in an interim period, any adjustments should be reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes that interim period. An entity that elects early adoption must adopt all of the amendments in the same period. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures.

In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing. The amendments in this update affect entities with transactions included within the scope of Topic 606. The core principle of the guidance in Topic 606 is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The amendments in this Update do not change the core principle of the guidance in Topic 606. Rather, the amendments in this update clarify the following two aspects of Topic 606: identifying performance obligations and the licensing implementation guidance, while retaining the related principles for those areas. The amendments in this update are effective for public companies’ financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures.

In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-11, Revenue Recognition (Topic 605) and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Rescission of SEC Guidance Because of Accounting Standards Updates 2014-09 and 2014-16 pursuant to Staff announcements at the March 3, 2016 EITF Meeting. The purpose of this standard is to rescind from the FASB Accounting Standards Codification certain SEC paragraphs as a result of two SEC Staff Announcements at the March 3, 2016 meeting. The amendments in this update related to Topic 605 are effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and amendments related to Topic 815 are effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures.

In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-12, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 660): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients. The purpose of this standard is to clarify certain narrow aspects of Topic 660 such as assessing the collectability criterion, presentation of sales taxes and other similar taxes collected from customers, noncash consideration, contract modifications at transition, completed contracts at transition, and technical correction. This standard is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures.

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Note 3 - Balance Sheet Components

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Notes to Financial Statements

Supplemental Balance Sheet Disclosures [Text Block]

3. BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS

 

Accounts receivable include amounts that are unbilled at the end of the period that are expected to be billed and collected within 12-month period. Unbilled accounts receivable are determined on an individual contract basis. Unbilled accounts receivable, included in accounts receivable, totaled $15.4 million and $11.5 million as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. Unbilled accounts receivable that are not expected to be billed and collected during the succeeding 12-month period are recorded in other non-current assets and totaled $8.0 million and $0.1 million as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. The increase in other non-current asset is due to the increase in the long-term unbilled portion of two of the Company’s Design-to-silicon-yield solutions contracts. Deferred cost balance was $0.7 million and zero as of June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Property and equipment consists of (in thousands): 

	June 30 , 2016			December 31, 2015
Property and equipment, net:
Computer equipment	$	10,209		$	9,188
Software		1,828			1,713
Furniture, fixtures and equipment		963			907
Leasehold improvements		1,123			1,126
Test equipment		9,667			7,214
Construction-in-progress		7,432			4,777
		31,222			24,925
Less: accumulated depreciation		(15,146	)		(13,600	)
Total	$	16,076		$	11,325

Depreciation and amortization expense was $0.9 million and $0.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Depreciation and amortization expense was $1.6 million and $1.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

As of both June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the carrying amount of goodwill was $0.2 million. The following is a rollforward of the Company's goodwill balance (in thousands):

	June 30 , 2016
Balance as of December 31, 2015	$	215
Adjustment		—
Balance as of June 30, 2016	$	215

Intangible assets balance was $4.6 million and $5.0 million as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. Intangible assets as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 consist of the following (in thousands):

				June 30 , 2016							December 31, 2015
	Amortization Period (Years)			Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount
Acquired identifiable intangibles:
Customer relationships	1	-	9	$	5,920	$	(3,686	)	$	2,234	$	5,920	$	(3,547	)	$	2,373
Developed technology	4	-	6		14,100		(12,167	)		1,933		14,100		(11,976	)		2,124
Tradename	2	-	4		610		(558	)		52		610		(533	)		77
Backlog		1			100		(96	)		4		100		(46	)		54
Patent	7	-	10		1,800		(1,420	)		380		1,800		(1,400	)		400
Other acquired intangibles		4			255		(255	)		-		255		(255	)		-
Total				$	22,785	$	(18,182	)	$	4,603	$	22,785	$	(17,757	)	$	5,028

The weighted average amortization period for acquired identifiable intangible assets was 6.83 years as of June 30, 2016. For the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, intangible asset amortization expense was $0.2 million and zero, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, intangible asset amortization expense was $0.4 million and zero, respectively. The Company expects annual amortization of acquired identifiable intangible assets to be as follows (in thousands):

Period Ending June 30,
2016 (remaining 6 months)	$	380
2017		728
2018		701
2019		701
2020		701
2021 and thereafter		1,392
Total future amortization expense	$	4,603

Intangible assets are amortized over their useful lives unless these lives are determined to be indefinite. Intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, there were no indicators of impairment related to the Company’s intangible assets.

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Note 4 - Stockholders' Equity

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Notes to Financial Statements

Shareholders' Equity and Share-based Payments [Text Block]

4. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Stock-based compensation is estimated at the grant date based on the award’s fair value and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting periods, generally four years

.

Stock-based compensation expense before taxes related to the Company’s stock plans and employee stock purchase plan was allocated as follows (in thousands): 

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2016		2015		2016		2015
Cost of design-to-silicon yield-solutions	$	956	$	914	$	2,041	$	1,801
Research and development		651		510		1,357		1,001
Selling, general and administrative		684		931		1,559		1,752
Stock-based compensation expense	$	2,291	$	2,355	$	4,957	$	4,554

On June 30, 2016, the Company had the following stock-based compensation plans:

Stock Plans —

All new equity awards are issued by the Company under its 2011 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended and restated from time to time (the “2011 Plan”). The 2011 Plan was initially approved by the Company’s stockholders at the annual meeting of stockholders on November 16, 2011, and then again – as amended and restated each time –at the 2013 annual meeting of stockholders on May 28, 2013, the 2014 annual meeting of stockholders on May 27, 2014, and most recently at the annual meeting of stockholders on May 31, 2016. Under the 2011 Plan, the Company may award stock options, stock appreciation rights, stock grants or stock units covering shares of the Company's common stock to employees, directors, non-employee directors and contractors. The aggregate number of shares reserved for awards under this plan is 7,800,000 shares, plus up to 3,500,000 shares previously issued under the 2001 Plan that are forfeited or repurchased by the Company or shares subject to awards previously issued under the 2001 Plan that expire or that terminate without having been exercised or settled in full on or after November 16, 2011. In case of awards other than options or stock appreciation rights, the aggregate number of shares reserved under the plan will be decreased at a rate of 1.33 shares issued pursuant to such awards. The exercise price for stock options must generally be at prices no less than the fair market value at the date of grant. Stock options generally expire ten years from the date of grant and become vested and exercisable over a four-year period.

 In 2001, the Company adopted a 2001 Stock Plan (the “2001 Plan”). In 2003, in connection with its acquisition of IDS Systems Inc., the Company assumed IDS’ 2001 Stock Option / Stock Issuance Plan (the “IDS Plan”).  Both the 2001Plan and the IDS Plan expired in 2011.  Stock options granted under the 2001 and IDS Plans generally expire ten years from the date of grant and become vested and exercisable over a four-year period. Although no new awards may be granted under the 2001 or IDS Plans, awards made under the 2001 and IDS Plans that are currently outstanding remain subject to the terms of each plan, as applicable.

The Company estimated the fair value of share-based awards granted under the Stock Plan during the period using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions, resulting in the following weighted average fair values: 

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2016			2015			2016			2015
Expected life (in years)		4.42			4.51			4.42			4.51
Volatility		43.58	%		46.8	%		44.26	%		46.7	%
Risk-free interest rate		1.30	%		1.41	%		1.25	%		1.34	%
Expected dividend		—			—			—			—
Weighted average fair value per share of options granted during the period	$	5.00		$	6.61		$	4.46		$	6.50

As of June 30, 2016, 8.3 million shares of common stock were reserved to cover stock-based awards under the 2011 Plan, of which 4.5 million shares were available for future grant. The number of shares reserved and available under the 2011 Plan includes 0.5 million shares that were subject to awards previously made under the 2001 Plan and were forfeited, expired or repurchased by the Company after adoption of the 2011 Plan through June 30, 2016.  As of June 30, 2016, there were no outstanding awards that had been granted outside of the 2011, 2001 or the IDS Plans (collectively, the "Stock Plans").  

Stock option activity under the Company’s Stock Plans during the six months ended June 30, 2016, was as follows:

	Number of Options (in thousands)			Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Outstanding, January 1, 2016		1,764		$	7.88
Granted (weighted average fair value of $4.46 per share)		50		$	11.87
Exercised		(63	)	$	7.20
Canceled		(7	)	$	15.01
Expired		(75	)	$	13.79
Outstanding, June 30, 2016		1,669		$	7.73		4.87	$	10,719
Vested and expected to vest, June 30, 2016		1,660		$	7.70		4.84	$	10,704
Exercisable, June 30, 2016		1,523		$	7.17		4.49	$	10,539

The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total intrinsic value based on the Company’s closing stock price of $13.99 per share as of June 30, 2016. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the six months ended June 30, 2016, was $0.4 million.

As of June 30, 2016, there was $0.6 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.0 years. The total fair value of shares vested during the six months ended June 30, 2016, was $0.5 million.

Nonvested restricted stock units activity during the six months ended June 30, 2016, was as follows:

	Shares (in thousands)			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Nonvested, January 1, 2016		1,166		$	17.03
Granted		50		$	11.87
Vested		(258	)	$	16.70
Forfeited		(42	)	$	17.27
Nonvested, June 30, 2016		916		$	16.83

As of June 30, 2016, there was $13.6 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested restricted stock units. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.4 years. Restricted stock units do not have rights to dividends prior to vesting.

In June 2016, the Company’s Compensation Committee approved 16,375 shares of stock options and 841,533 restricted stock units to be granted effective July 1, 2016. The weighted average exercise price for the options granted is $14.14 per share. The weighted average grant date fair value per share for the restricted stock units granted is $14.14. The cost is expected to be recognized over the vesting period, generally 4 years.

 

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

— In July 2001, the Company adopted a ten-year Employee Stock Purchase Plan (as amended, “Purchase Plan”) under which eligible employees can contribute up to 10% of their compensation, as defined in the Purchase Plan, towards the purchase of shares of PDF common stock at a price of 85% of the lower of the fair market value at the beginning of the offering period or the end of the purchase period. The Purchase Plan consists of twenty-four-month offering periods with four six-month purchase periods in each offering period. Under the Purchase Plan, on January 1 of each year, the number of shares reserved for issuance will automatically increase by the lesser of (1) 675,000 shares, (2) 2% of the Company’s outstanding common stock on the last day of the immediately preceding year, or (3) the number of shares determined by the board of directors. At the annual meeting of stockholders on May 18, 2010, the Company’s stockholders approved an amendment to the Purchase Plan to extend it through May 17, 2020. 

 The Company estimated the fair value of purchase rights granted under the Purchase Plan during the period using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions, resulting in the following weighted average fair values:

	Six months Ended June 30 ,
	2016			2015
Expected life (in years)		1.25			1.25
Volatility		44.15	%		54.21	%
Risk-free interest rate		0.50	%		0.26	%
Expected dividend		—			—
Weighted average fair value of purchase rights granted under the Purchase Plan	$	3.56		$	6.19

During the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, the Company did not issue any shares under the Purchase Plan. During the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, a total of 84,000 and 51,000 shares, respectively, were issued at a weighted-average purchase price of $9.21 and $13.32 per share, respectively, under the Purchase Plan. As of June 30, 2016, there was $1.1 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to the Purchase Plan. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.6 years. As of June 30, 2016, 2.7 million shares were available for future issuance under the Purchase Plan.   

Stock Repurchase Program

—On October 21, 2014, the Board of Directors adopted a program, effective immediately, to repurchase up to $25.0 million of the Company’s common stock both on the open market and in privately negotiated transactions over the next two years. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, the Company repurchased 129,457 shares under this program. As of June 30, 2016, 1,219,230 shares had been repurchased at an average price of $13.43 per share under this program for a total purchase of $16.4 million, and $8.6 million remained available for future repurchases.  

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Note 5 - Income Taxes

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Notes to Financial Statements

Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block]

5. INCOME TAXES

Income tax provision decreased $2.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016, to $2.5 million as compared to an income tax provision of $5.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2015. The Company’s effective tax rate was 37.1% and 38.7% for the six months ended June 30, 2016, and June 30, 2015, respectively.  The Company’s effective tax rate decreased in the six months ended June 30, 2016, as compared to the same period in 2015, primarily due to the permanent reinstatement of the U.S. federal research tax credit. On December 18, 2015, the President of the United States signed into law the Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes Act of 2015 which permanently reinstated the research tax credit retroactive to January 1, 2015. As a result of the new legislation, the Company recognized a benefit in the first two quarters of 2016 and no benefit in the same period in 2015.

The Company’s total amount of unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties, as of June 30, 2016, was $11.3 million, of which $6.7 million, if recognized, would decrease the Company’s effective tax rate. The Company’s total amount of unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties, as of December 31, 2015, was $11.0 million, of which $6.5 million, if recognized, would affect the Company's effective tax rate. As of June 30, 2016, the Company has recorded unrecognized tax benefits of $2.6 million, including interest and penalties, as long-term taxes payable in its condensed consolidated balance sheet. The remaining $9.2 million has been recorded net of our deferred tax assets, of which $4.6 million is subject to a full valuation allowance. 

The valuation allowance was approximately $6.4 million and $6.2 million as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, which was related to California R&D tax credits and California net operating losses related to our acquisition of Syntricity that we currently do not believe are more likely than not to be ultimately realized.

The Company conducts business globally and, as a result, files numerous consolidated and separate income tax returns in the U.S. federal, various state and foreign jurisdictions. Because the Company used some of the tax attributes carried forward from previous years to tax years that are still open, statutes of limitation remain open for all tax years to the extent of the attributes carried forward into tax year 2002 for federal and California tax purposes. The State of New York is currently conducting an audit of the Company’s 2012 to 2014 income tax returns. The Company is not subject to income tax examinations in any other of its major foreign subsidiaries’ jurisdictions.

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Note 6 - Net Income Per Share

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Notes to Financial Statements

Earnings Per Share [Text Block]

6. NET INCOME PER SHARE

Basic net income per share is computed by dividing net income by weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period (excluding outstanding stock options and shares subject to repurchase). Diluted net income per share is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period plus the potential effect of dilutive securities which are convertible into common shares (using the treasury stock method), except in cases in which the effect would be anti-dilutive. Under the treasury stock method, the amount that the employee must pay for exercising stock options, the amount of compensation cost for future service that the Company has not yet recognized, and the amount of the tax benefits that would be recorded in additional paid-in capital when the award becomes deductible are assumed to be used to repurchase shares.  The following is a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators used in computing basic and diluted net income per share (in thousands except per share amount): 

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2016		2015		2016		2015
Numerator:
Net income	$	2,214	$	2,149	$	4,276	$	8,116
Denominator:
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding		31,276		31,522		31,222		31,429
Dilutive effect of equity incentive plans		747		878		650		916
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding		32,023		32,400		31,872		32,345
Net income per share:
Basic	$	0.07	$	0.07	$	0.14	$	0.26
Diluted	$	0.07	$	0.07	$	0.13	$	0.25

 The following table sets forth potential shares of common stock that are not included in the diluted net income per share calculation above because to do so would be anti-dilutive for the periods indicated (in thousands):  

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	201 6		2015		2016		2015
Outstanding options		230		58		264		52
Nonvested restricted stock units		348		62		798		64
Employee Stock Purchase Plan		—		215		230		239
Total		578		335		1,292		355

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Note 7 - Customer and Geographic Information

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Notes to Financial Statements

Segment Reporting Disclosure [Text Block]

7. CUSTOMER AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker, or group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance.

The Company’s chief operating decision maker, the chief executive officer, reviews discrete financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of regularly making operating decisions and assessing financial performance. Accordingly, the Company considers itself to be in one operating segment, specifically the licensing and implementation of yield improvement solutions for companies designing and/or manufacturing integrated circuits. 

The Company had revenues from individual customers in excess of 10% of total revenues as follows: 

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ende d June 30,
Customer	2016			2015			2016			2015
A		39	%		54	%		44	%		49	%
B		*	%		16	%		*	%		13	%
C		*	%		*	%		12	%		17	%
D		13	%		*	%		*	%		*	%

* represents less than 10%

The Company had gross accounts receivable from individual customers in excess of 10% of gross accounts receivable as follows: 

Customer	June 30 , 2016			December 31, 2015
A		50	%		65	%
D		12	%		*	%

* represents less than 10% 

Revenues from customers by geographic area based on the location of the customers’ work sites are as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30 ,
	2016					2015
	Revenues		Percentage of Revenues			Revenues		Percentage of Revenues
United States	$	9,518		36	%	$	11,436		49	%
Taiwan		5,725		21			2,160		9
Germany		3,994		15			6,345		27
South Korea		2,184		8			627		3
Rest of the world		5,267		20			2,642		12
Total revenue	$	26,688		100	%	$	23,210		100	%

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2016					2015
	Revenues		Percentage of Revenues			Revenues		Percentage of Revenues
United States	$	21,640		42	%	$	21,750		43	%
Taiwan		7,909		15			3,279		7
Germany		7,028		14			12,609		25
South Korea		5,497		11			7,545		15
Rest of the world		9,695		18			4,844		10
Total revenue	$	51,769		100	%	$	50,027		100	%

Long-lived assets, net by geographic area are as follows (in thousands):

	June 30 , 2016		December 31, 2015
United States	$	15,559	$	10,752
Rest of the world		517		573
Total long-lived assets, net	$	16,076	$	11,325

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Note 8 - Fair Value Measurements

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Notes to Financial Statements

Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block]

8. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Fair value is the exit price, or the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. The multiple assumptions used to value financial instruments are referred to as inputs, and a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value is established, that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs reflect assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability based on market data obtained from independent sources while unobservable inputs reflect a reporting entity’s pricing based upon its own market assumptions. These inputs are ranked according to a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels.

Level 1 - Inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 - Inputs are quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in an active market, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable and market-corroborated inputs which are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3 - Inputs are derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or value drivers are unobservable.

The following table represents the Company’s assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2016, and the basis for that measurement (in thousands):

Assets	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Money market mutual funds	$	26,415	$	26,415	$	—	$	—

The following table represents the Company’s assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2015, and the basis for that measurement (in thousands):

Assets	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Money market mutual funds	$	26,371	$	26,371	$	—	$	—

The Company enters into foreign currency forward contracts to reduce the exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations on certain foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities, primarily on third-party accounts payables and intercompany balances. The primary objective of the Company’s hedging program is to reduce volatility of earnings related to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. The counterparty to these foreign currency forward contracts is a large global financial institution that the Company believes is creditworthy, and therefore, the Company believes the credit risk of counterparty nonperformance is not significant. These foreign currency forward contracts are not designated for hedge accounting treatment. Therefore, the change in fair value of these contracts is recorded into earnings as a component of other income (expense), net, and offsets the change in fair value of the foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities, which is also recorded in other income (expense), net. For the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, the Company recognized a realized loss of $0.3 million and a realized gain of $0.1 million on the contracts, respectively, which was recorded in interest and other income (expense), net in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income. For the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, the Company recognized a realized gain of $8,000 and a realized loss of $0.6 million on the contracts, respectively, which was recorded in other income (expense), net in the Company’s Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income. 

The Company carries these derivatives financial instruments on its Consolidated Balance Sheets at their fair values. The Company’s foreign currency forward contracts are classified as Level 2 because it is not actively traded and the valuation inputs are based on quoted prices and market observable data of similar instruments. As of June 30, 2016, the Company had one outstanding forward contract with a notional amount of $7.1 million and recorded $28,000 other current liabilities associated with this outstanding forward contract. As of December 31, 2015, the Company had one outstanding forward contract with a notional amount of $6.7 million and had recorded $62,000 other current liabilities associated with the outstanding forward contract.  

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Note 9 - Commitments and Contingencies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Notes to Financial Statements

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Text Block]

9. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

 

Leases

The Company leases administrative and sales offices and certain equipment under noncancelable operating leases, which contain various renewal options and, in some cases, require payment of common area costs, taxes and utilities. These operating leases expire at various times through 2024. Rent expense was $0.6 million and $0.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Rent expense was $1.2 million and $1.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015.

Future minimum lease payments under noncancelable operating leases at June 30, 2016, are as follows (in thousands): 

Period Ending June 30,	Amount
2016 (remaining six months)	$	1,028
2017		1,733
2018		1,087
2019		264
2020		195
2021 and thereafter		61
Total future minimum lease payments	$	4,368

Litigation

— From time to time, the Company is subject to various claims and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. The Company accrues for losses related to litigation when a potential loss is probable and the loss can be reasonably estimated in accordance with FASB requirements. During the reported period, the Company was not party to any material legal proceedings, thus no loss was probable and no amount was accrued at June 30, 2016.   

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Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Accounting, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Basis of Presentation

The interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared by PDF Solutions, Inc. (“the Company”) pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), including the instructions to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America have been condensed or omitted. The interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect, in the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments), to present a fair statement of results for the interim periods presented. The operating results for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for other interim periods or the full fiscal year. The accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries after the elimination of all intercompany balances and transactions.

The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2015, has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Use of Estimates

 —  The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates in these financial statements include revenue recognition for fixed-price solution implementation service contracts, accounting for goodwill and intangible assets, stock-based compensation expense and accounting for income taxes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Revenue Recognition, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Revenue Recognition

 — The Company derives revenue from two sources: Design-to-silicon-yield solutions and Gainshare performance incentives.

Design-to-Silicon-Yield Solutions — Revenue that is derived from Design-to-silicon-yield solutions comes from services and software licenses. The Company recognizes revenue of Design-to-silicon-yield solutions as follows:

The Company generates a significant portion of its Design-to-silicon-yield solutions revenue from fixed-price solution implementation service contracts delivered over a specific period of time. These contracts require reliable estimation of costs to perform obligations and the overall scope of each engagement. Revenue under project–based contracts for solution implementation services is recognized as services are performed using percentage of completion method of contract accounting based on costs or labor-hours input method, whichever is the most appropriate measure of the progress towards completion of the contract. Losses on fixed-price solution implementation contracts are recognized in the period when they become probable. Revisions in profit estimates are reflected in the period in which the conditions that require the revisions become known and can be estimated (cumulative catch-up method). During the period ended June 30, 2016, we recognized changes in one project’s profitability from revisions in estimates due to the customer’s directed scope changes that resulted in favorable changes of in our net income for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2016 of $0.9 million or $0.03 per diluted share. Revenue under time and materials contracts for solution implementation services are recognized as the services are performed. On occasion, the Company licenses its software products as a component of its fixed-price service contracts. In such instances, the software products are licensed to customers over a specified term of the agreement with support and maintenance to be provided at each customer's option over the license term. The amount of product and service revenue recognized in a given period is affected by the Company’s judgment as to whether an arrangement includes multiple deliverables and, if so, the Company’s determination of the fair value of each deliverable. In general, vendor-specific objective evidence of selling price (“VSOE”) does not exist for the Company’s solution implementation services and software products and because the Company’s services and products include our unique technology, the Company is not able to determine third-party evidence of selling price (“TPE”). Therefore, in such circumstances the Company uses best estimated selling prices (“BESP”) in the allocation of arrangement consideration. In determining BESP, the Company applies significant judgment as the Company’s weighs a variety of factors, based on the facts and circumstances of the arrangement. The Company typically arrives at BESP for a product or service that is not sold separately by considering company-specific factors such as geographies, internal costs, gross margin objectives, pricing practices used to establish bundled pricing, and existing portfolio pricing and discounting. After fair value is established for each deliverable, the total transaction amount is allocated to each deliverable based upon its relative fair value. Fees allocated to solution implementation services are recognized using the percentage of completion method of contract accounting. Fees allocated to software and related support and maintenance are recognized under software revenue recognition guidance. 

The Company also licenses its software products separately from its solution implementations. For software license arrangements that do not require significant modification or customization of the underlying software, software license revenue is recognized under the residual method when (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (2) delivery has occurred, (3) the fee is fixed or determinable, (4) collectability is probable, and (5) the arrangement does not require services that are essential to the functionality of the software. When arrangements include multiple elements such as support and maintenance, consulting (other than for its fixed price solution implementations), installation, and training, revenue is allocated to each element of a transaction based upon its fair value as determined by the Company’s VSOE and such services are recorded as services revenue. VSOE for maintenance is generally established based upon negotiated renewal rates while VSOE for consulting, installation, and training services is established based upon the Company’s customary pricing for such services when sold separately. When software is licensed for a specified term, fees for support and maintenance are generally bundled with the license fee over the entire term of the contract. The Company is unable to establish VSOE of fair value for maintenance services that are generally bundled with term licenses. In these cases, the Company recognizes revenue ratably over the term of the contract.

Revenue from Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) that allows for the use of a hosted software product or service over a contractually determined period of time without taking possession of software is accounted for as a subscription and recognized as revenue ratably over the coverage period beginning on the date the service is first made available to customers.

Revenue for software licenses with extended payment terms is not recognized in excess of amounts due. For software license arrangements that require significant modification or customization of the underlying software, the software license revenue is recognized as services are performed using the percentage of completion method of contract accounting, and such revenue is recorded as services revenue.

Deferred revenues consist primarily of amounts invoiced in advance of revenue recognition and are recognized as the revenue recognition criteria are met. Deferred revenues that will be recognized during the succeeding 12-month period are recorded as current deferred revenues and the remaining portion is recorded as non- current deferred revenues. The non-current portion of deferred revenue was $0.2 million as of June 30, 2016 and $0.3 million as of December 31, 2015. This balance was recorded in the other non-current liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Gainshare Performance Incentives — When the Company enters into a contract to provide yield improvement services, the contract usually includes two components: (1) a fixed fee for performance by the Company of services delivered over a specific period of time; and (2) a Gainshare performance incentive component where the customer may pay a contingent variable fee, usually after the fixed fee period has ended. Revenue derived from Gainshare performance incentives represents profit sharing and performance incentives earned contingent upon the Company’s customers reaching certain defined operational levels established in related solution implementation service contracts. Gainshare performance incentives periods are usually subsequent to the delivery of all contractual services and therefore have no cost to the Company. Due to the uncertainties surrounding attainment of such operational levels, the Company recognizes Gainshare performance incentives revenue (to the extent of completion of the related solution implementation contract) upon receipt of performance reports or other related information from the customer supporting the determination of amounts and probability of collection.

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Note 3 - Balance Sheet Components (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Notes Tables

Property, Plant and Equipment [Table Text Block]

	June 30 , 2016			December 31, 2015
Property and equipment, net:
Computer equipment	$	10,209		$	9,188
Software		1,828			1,713
Furniture, fixtures and equipment		963			907
Leasehold improvements		1,123			1,126
Test equipment		9,667			7,214
Construction-in-progress		7,432			4,777
		31,222			24,925
Less: accumulated depreciation		(15,146	)		(13,600	)
Total	$	16,076		$	11,325

Schedule of Goodwill [Table Text Block]

	June 30 , 2016
Balance as of December 31, 2015	$	215
Adjustment		—
Balance as of June 30, 2016	$	215

Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Table Text Block]

				June 30 , 2016							December 31, 2015
	Amortization Period (Years)			Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount
Acquired identifiable intangibles:
Customer relationships	1	-	9	$	5,920	$	(3,686	)	$	2,234	$	5,920	$	(3,547	)	$	2,373
Developed technology	4	-	6		14,100		(12,167	)		1,933		14,100		(11,976	)		2,124
Tradename	2	-	4		610		(558	)		52		610		(533	)		77
Backlog		1			100		(96	)		4		100		(46	)		54
Patent	7	-	10		1,800		(1,420	)		380		1,800		(1,400	)		400
Other acquired intangibles		4			255		(255	)		-		255		(255	)		-
Total				$	22,785	$	(18,182	)	$	4,603	$	22,785	$	(17,757	)	$	5,028

Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Future Amortization Expense [Table Text Block]

Period Ending June 30,
2016 (remaining 6 months)	$	380
2017		728
2018		701
2019		701
2020		701
2021 and thereafter		1,392
Total future amortization expense	$	4,603

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Note 4 - Stockholders' Equity (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Notes Tables

Schedule of Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Table Text Block]

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2016		2015		2016		2015
Cost of design-to-silicon yield-solutions	$	956	$	914	$	2,041	$	1,801
Research and development		651		510		1,357		1,001
Selling, general and administrative		684		931		1,559		1,752
Stock-based compensation expense	$	2,291	$	2,355	$	4,957	$	4,554

Schedule of Share-based Payment Award, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions [Table Text Block]

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2016			2015			2016			2015
Expected life (in years)		4.42			4.51			4.42			4.51
Volatility		43.58	%		46.8	%		44.26	%		46.7	%
Risk-free interest rate		1.30	%		1.41	%		1.25	%		1.34	%
Expected dividend		—			—			—			—
Weighted average fair value per share of options granted during the period	$	5.00		$	6.61		$	4.46		$	6.50

	Six months Ended June 30 ,
	2016			2015
Expected life (in years)		1.25			1.25
Volatility		44.15	%		54.21	%
Risk-free interest rate		0.50	%		0.26	%
Expected dividend		—			—
Weighted average fair value of purchase rights granted under the Purchase Plan	$	3.56		$	6.19

Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Stock Options, Activity [Table Text Block]

	Number of Options (in thousands)			Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Outstanding, January 1, 2016		1,764		$	7.88
Granted (weighted average fair value of $4.46 per share)		50		$	11.87
Exercised		(63	)	$	7.20
Canceled		(7	)	$	15.01
Expired		(75	)	$	13.79
Outstanding, June 30, 2016		1,669		$	7.73		4.87	$	10,719
Vested and expected to vest, June 30, 2016		1,660		$	7.70		4.84	$	10,704
Exercisable, June 30, 2016		1,523		$	7.17		4.49	$	10,539

Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Restricted Stock Units Award Activity [Table Text Block]

	Shares (in thousands)			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Nonvested, January 1, 2016		1,166		$	17.03
Granted		50		$	11.87
Vested		(258	)	$	16.70
Forfeited		(42	)	$	17.27
Nonvested, June 30, 2016		916		$	16.83

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Note 6 - Net Income Per Share (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Notes Tables

Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted [Table Text Block]

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2016		2015		2016		2015
Numerator:
Net income	$	2,214	$	2,149	$	4,276	$	8,116
Denominator:
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding		31,276		31,522		31,222		31,429
Dilutive effect of equity incentive plans		747		878		650		916
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding		32,023		32,400		31,872		32,345
Net income per share:
Basic	$	0.07	$	0.07	$	0.14	$	0.26
Diluted	$	0.07	$	0.07	$	0.13	$	0.25

Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Table Text Block]

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	201 6		2015		2016		2015
Outstanding options		230		58		264		52
Nonvested restricted stock units		348		62		798		64
Employee Stock Purchase Plan		—		215		230		239
Total		578		335		1,292		355

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Note 7 - Customer and Geographic Information (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Notes Tables

Schedule of Revenue by Major Customers by Reporting Segments [Table Text Block]

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ende d June 30,
Customer	2016			2015			2016			2015
A		39	%		54	%		44	%		49	%
B		*	%		16	%		*	%		13	%
C		*	%		*	%		12	%		17	%
D		13	%		*	%		*	%		*	%

Receivables by Major Customers [Table Text Block]

Customer	June 30 , 2016			December 31, 2015
A		50	%		65	%
D		12	%		*	%

Schedule of Revenue from External Customers Attributed to Foreign Countries by Geographic Area [Table Text Block]

	Three Months Ended June 30 ,
	2016					2015
	Revenues		Percentage of Revenues			Revenues		Percentage of Revenues
United States	$	9,518		36	%	$	11,436		49	%
Taiwan		5,725		21			2,160		9
Germany		3,994		15			6,345		27
South Korea		2,184		8			627		3
Rest of the world		5,267		20			2,642		12
Total revenue	$	26,688		100	%	$	23,210		100	%

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2016					2015
	Revenues		Percentage of Revenues			Revenues		Percentage of Revenues
United States	$	21,640		42	%	$	21,750		43	%
Taiwan		7,909		15			3,279		7
Germany		7,028		14			12,609		25
South Korea		5,497		11			7,545		15
Rest of the world		9,695		18			4,844		10
Total revenue	$	51,769		100	%	$	50,027		100	%

Schedule of Disclosure on Geographic Areas, Long-Lived Assets in Individual Foreign Countries by Country [Table Text Block]

	June 30 , 2016		December 31, 2015
United States	$	15,559	$	10,752
Rest of the world		517		573
Total long-lived assets, net	$	16,076	$	11,325

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Note 8 - Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Notes Tables

Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis [Table Text Block]

Assets	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Money market mutual funds	$	26,415	$	26,415	$	—	$	—

Assets	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Money market mutual funds	$	26,371	$	26,371	$	—	$	—

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Note 9 - Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2016

Notes Tables

Schedule of Future Minimum Rental Payments for Operating Leases [Table Text Block]

Period Ending June 30,	Amount
2016 (remaining six months)	$	1,028
2017		1,733
2018		1,087
2019		264
2020		195
2021 and thereafter		61
Total future minimum lease payments	$	4,368

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Note 1 - Basis of Presentation (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2015	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2015	Dec. 31, 2015
Decrease in Estimated Costs to Perform Obligations under Completed Contract Method [Member]
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent	$ 900		$ 900
Earnings Per Share, Diluted	$ 0.03		$ 0.03
Other Noncurrent Liabilities [Member]
Deferred Revenue, Noncurrent	$ 200		$ 200		$ 300
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent	$ 2,214	$ 2,149	$ 4,276	$ 8,116
Earnings Per Share, Diluted	$ 0.07	$ 0.07	$ 0.13	$ 0.25

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Note 3 - Balance Sheet Components (Details Textual) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2015	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2015	Dec. 31, 2015
Unbilled Receivables, Current	$ 15,400,000		$ 15,400,000		$ 11,500,000
Unbilled Receivables, Not Billable, Amount Expected to be Collected after Next Twelve Months	8,000,000		8,000,000		100,000
Deferred Pre-contract Costs	700,000		700,000		0
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization, Nonproduction	900,000	$ 600,000	1,600,000	$ 1,200,000
Goodwill	215,000		215,000		215,000
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net	4,603,000		$ 4,603,000		$ 5,028,000
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Remaining Amortization Period			6 years 302 days
Amortization of Intangible Assets	$ 200,000	$ 0	$ 425,000	$ 0

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Note 3 - Balance Sheet Components - Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Computer Equipment [Member]
Property and equipment	$ 10,209,000	$ 9,188,000
Software and Software Development Costs [Member]
Property and equipment	1,828,000	1,713,000
Furniture and Fixtures [Member]
Property and equipment	963,000	907,000
Leasehold Improvements [Member]
Property and equipment	1,123,000	1,126,000
Test Equipment [Member]
Property and equipment	9,667,000	7,214,000
Construction in Progress [Member]
Property and equipment	7,432,000	4,777,000
Property and equipment	31,222,000	24,925,000
Less: accumulated depreciation	(15,146,000)	(13,600,000)
Total	$ 16,076,000	$ 11,325,000

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Note 3 - Balance Sheet Components - Goodwill Activity (Details)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2016 USD ($)
Syntricity [Member]
Balance	$ 215,000
Balance	215,000
Balance	215,000
Adjustment
Balance	$ 215,000

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Note 3 - Balance Sheet Components - Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Customer Relationships [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Amortization Period	1 year
Customer Relationships [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Amortization Period	9 years
Customer Relationships [Member]
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 5,920,000	$ 5,920,000
Accumulated Amortization	(3,686,000)	(3,547,000)
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net	$ 2,234,000	2,373,000
Developed Technology Rights [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Amortization Period	4 years
Developed Technology Rights [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Amortization Period	6 years
Developed Technology Rights [Member]
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 14,100,000	14,100,000
Accumulated Amortization	(12,167,000)	(11,976,000)
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net	$ 1,933,000	2,124,000
Trade Names [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Amortization Period	2 years
Trade Names [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Amortization Period	4 years
Trade Names [Member]
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 610,000	610,000
Accumulated Amortization	(558,000)	(533,000)
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net	$ 52,000	77,000
Order or Production Backlog [Member]
Amortization Period	1 year
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 100,000	100,000
Accumulated Amortization	(96,000)	(46,000)
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net	$ 4,000	54,000
Patents [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Amortization Period	7 years
Patents [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Amortization Period	10 years
Patents [Member]
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 1,800,000	1,800,000
Accumulated Amortization	(1,420,000)	(1,400,000)
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net	$ 380,000	400,000
Other Intangible Assets [Member]
Amortization Period	4 years
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 255,000	255,000
Accumulated Amortization	(255,000)	(255,000)
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net
Gross Carrying Amount	22,785,000	22,785,000
Accumulated Amortization	(18,182,000)	(17,757,000)
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net	$ 4,603,000	$ 5,028,000

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Note 3 - Balance Sheet Components - Annual Amortization of Identifiable Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
2016 (remaining 6 months)	$ 380,000
2017	728,000
2018	701,000
2019	701,000
2020	701,000
2021 and thereafter	1,392,000
Total future amortization expense	$ 4,603,000	$ 5,028,000

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Note 4 - Stockholders' Equity (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions			3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended		18 Months Ended
	Jul. 01, 2016	Oct. 31, 2014	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2015	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2015	Jun. 30, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Twenty Eleven Stock Incentive Plan [Member] | Employee Stock Option [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Period	4 years
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross	16,375
Share-based Compensation Arrangements by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Weighted Average Exercise Price	$ 14.14
Twenty Eleven Stock Incentive Plan [Member] | Employee Stock Option [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Expiration Period					10 years
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Period					4 years
Twenty Eleven Stock Incentive Plan [Member] | Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Period	4 years
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period	841,533
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value	$ 14.14
Twenty Eleven Stock Incentive Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Number of Shares Authorized			7,800,000		7,800,000		7,800,000
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award Shares Reserved Decrease Rate					1.33
Common Stock, Capital Shares Reserved for Future Issuance			8,300,000		8,300,000		8,300,000
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Number of Shares Available for Grant			4,500,000		4,500,000		4,500,000
Shares Previously Issued Under the 2001 Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Number of Shares Authorized			3,500,000		3,500,000		3,500,000
IDS Plan [Member] | Employee Stock Option [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Expiration Period					10 years
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Period					4 years
Two Thousand One Stock Incentive Plan [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Forfeitures in Period					0.5
Outside of the 2011, 2001 or IDS Plans [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Number			0		0		0
Employee Stock Purchase Plan [Member]
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Compensation Cost Not yet Recognized, Period for Recognition					1 year 219 days
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Compensation Not yet Recognized, Share-based Awards Other than Options			$ 1.1		$ 1.1		$ 1.1
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Maximum Employee Subscription Rate			10.00%		10.00%		10.00%
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Purchase Price of Common Stock, Percent					85.00%
ESPP Maximum Annual Share Replenishment					675,000
ESPP Maximum Annual Share Replenishment Percentage of Prior Year Outstanding Company Common Stock					2.00%
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Employee Stock Purchase Plans			0	0	84,000	51,000
Employee Stock Purchase Plan Weighted Average Purchase Price of Shares Purchased					$ 9.21	$ 13.32
Number Of ESPP Shares Available For Future Issuance			2,700,000		2,700,000		2,700,000
Employee Stock Option [Member]
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Compensation Not yet Recognized, Stock Options			$ 0.6		$ 0.6		$ 0.6
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Compensation Cost Not yet Recognized, Period for Recognition					3 years
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Compensation Cost Not yet Recognized, Period for Recognition					2 years 146 days
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Compensation Not yet Recognized, Share-based Awards Other than Options			$ 13.6		$ 13.6		$ 13.6
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period					50,000
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value					$ 11.87
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Forfeitures in Period					7,000
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Number			1,669,000		1,669,000		1,669,000	1,764,000
Share Price			$ 13.99		$ 13.99		$ 13.99
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Exercises in Period, Intrinsic Value					$ 0.4
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Vested in Period, Fair Value					$ 0.5
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross					50,000
Stock Repurchase Program, Authorized Amount		$ 25.0
Treasury Stock Shares to Be Acquired, Period		2 years
Treasury Stock, Shares, Acquired			129,457		129,457		1,219,230
Treasury Stock Acquired, Average Cost Per Share					$ 13.43
Treasury Stock, Value, Acquired, Cost Method					$ 16.4
Stock Repurchase Program, Remaining Authorized Repurchase Amount			$ 8.6		$ 8.6		$ 8.6

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Note 4 - Stockholders' Equity - Allocation of Recognized Period Costs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2015	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2015
Cost of Sales [Member]
Allocation of recognized period costs	$ 956	$ 914	$ 2,041	$ 1,801
Research and Development Expense [Member]
Allocation of recognized period costs	651	510	1,357	1,001
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses [Member]
Allocation of recognized period costs	684	931	1,559	1,752
Allocation of recognized period costs	$ 2,291	$ 2,355	$ 4,957	$ 4,554

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Note 4 - Stockholders' Equity - Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions (Details) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2015	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2015
Stock Plans [Member]
Expected life (in years)	4 years 153 days	4 years 186 days	4 years 153 days	4 years 186 days
Volatility	43.58%	46.80%	44.26%	46.70%
Risk-free interest rate	1.30%	1.41%	1.25%	1.34%
Expected dividend	0.00%	0.00%
Options granted, weighted average fair value (in dollars per share)	$ 5	$ 6.61	$ 4.46	$ 6.50
Employee Stock Purchase Plan [Member]
Expected life (in years)			1 year 91 days	1 year 91 days
Volatility			44.15%	54.21%
Risk-free interest rate			0.50%	0.26%
Expected dividend
Options granted, weighted average fair value (in dollars per share)			$ 3.56	$ 6.19
Options granted, weighted average fair value (in dollars per share)			$ 4.46

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Note 4 - Stockholders' Equity - Stock Options Activity (Details) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2016 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Outstanding, January 1, 2016 (in shares)	1,764
Outstanding, January 1, 2016 (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 7.88
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross	50
Exercised (in shares)	(63)
Exercised (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 7.20
Canceled (in shares)	(7)
Canceled (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 15.01
Expired (in shares)	(75)
Expired (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 13.79
Outstanding, June 30, 2016 (in shares)	1,669
Outstanding, June 30, 2016 (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 7.73
Outstanding, June 30, 2016	4 years 317 days
Outstanding, June 30, 2016 | $	$ 10,719
Vested and expected to vest, June 30, 2016 (in shares)	1,660
Vested and expected to vest, June 30, 2016 (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 7.70
Vested and expected to vest, June 30, 2016	4 years 306 days
Vested and expected to vest, June 30, 2016 | $	$ 10,704
Exercisable, June 30, 2016 (in shares)	1,523
Exercisable, June 30, 2016 (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 7.17
Exercisable, June 30, 2016	4 years 178 days
Exercisable, June 30, 2016 | $	$ 10,539

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Note 4 - Stockholders' Equity - Stock Options Activity (Details) (Parentheticals)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2016 $ / shares
Options granted, weighted average fair value (in dollars per share)	$ 4.46

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Note 4 - Stockholders' Equity - Nonvested Restricted Stock Units Activity (Details) - Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member] shares in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2016 $ / shares shares
Nonvested, January 1, 2016 (in shares) | shares	1,166
Nonvested, January 1, 2016 (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 17.03
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period | shares	50
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | $ / shares	$ 11.87
Vested (in shares) | shares	(258)
Vested (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 16.70
Forfeited (in shares) | shares	(42)
Forfeited (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 17.27
Nonvested, June 30, 2016 (in shares) | shares	916
Nonvested, June 30, 2016 (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 16.83

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Note 5 - Income Taxes (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2015	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2015	Dec. 31, 2015
California R&D Tax Credits and California Net Operating Losses Related Acquisition of Syntricity [Member]
Deferred Tax Assets, Valuation Allowance	$ 6,400		$ 6,400		$ 6,200
Earliest Tax Year [Member] | State and Local Jurisdiction [Member]
Open Tax Year			2012
Latest Tax Year [Member] | State and Local Jurisdiction [Member]
Open Tax Year			2014
Increase (Decrease) in Income Taxes			$ (2,600)
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)	1,498	$ 1,572	$ 2,523	$ 5,125
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Percent			37.10%	38.70%
Unrecognized Tax Benefits	11,300		$ 11,300		11,000
Unrecognized Tax Benefits that Would Impact Effective Tax Rate	6,700		6,700		$ 6,500
Unrecognized Tax Benefits In Long Term Liabilities	2,600		2,600
Unrecognized Tax Benefits In Deferred Tax Assets	9,200		9,200
Unrecognized Tax Benefits In Deferred Tax Asset Subject To Full Valuation Allowance	$ 4,600		$ 4,600

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Note 6 - Net Income Per Share - Calculation of Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2015	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2015
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Parent	$ 2,214	$ 2,149	$ 4,276	$ 8,116
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding (in shares)	31,276	31,522	31,222	31,429
Dilutive effect of equity incentive plans (in shares)	747	878	650	916
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding (in shares)	32,023	32,400	31,872	32,345
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.07	$ 0.07	$ 0.14	$ 0.26
Earnings Per Share, Diluted	$ 0.07	$ 0.07	$ 0.13	$ 0.25

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Note 6 - Net Income Per Share - Antidilutive Securities (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2015	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2015
Employee Stock Option [Member]
Antidilutive securities (in shares)	230	58	264	52
Restricted Stock Units RSU Nonvested [Member]
Antidilutive securities (in shares)	348	62	798	64
Employee Stock Purchase Plan [Member]
Antidilutive securities (in shares)		215	230	239
Antidilutive securities (in shares)	578	335	1,292	355

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Note 7 - Customer and Geographic Information (Details Textual)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2016
Number of Operating Segments	1

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Note 7 - Customer and Geographic Information - Revenue Percentage by Major Customers (Details) - Sales Revenue, Net [Member] - Customer Concentration Risk [Member]	3 Months Ended				6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2016		Jun. 30, 2015		Jun. 30, 2016		Jun. 30, 2015
Customer A [Member]
Receivables percentage by major customer	39.00%		54.00%		44.00%		49.00%
Customer B [Member]
Receivables percentage by major customer		[1]	16.00%			[1]	13.00%
Customer C [Member]
Receivables percentage by major customer		[1]		[1]	12.00%		17.00%
Customer D [Member]
Receivables percentage by major customer	13.00%			[1]		[1]		[1]

[1] represents less than 10%

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Note 7 - Customer and Geographic Information - Receivables Percentage by Major Customers (Details) - Customer Concentration Risk [Member] - Accounts Receivable [Member]	6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Customer A [Member]
Receivables percentage by major customer	50.00%	65.00%
Customer D [Member]
Receivables percentage by major customer	12.00%		[1]

[1] represents less than 10%

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Note 7 - Customer and Geographic Information - Revenues by Geographic Area (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2015	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2015
Geographic Concentration Risk [Member] | Sales Revenue, Net [Member] | UNITED STATES
Revenues	$ 9,518	$ 11,436	$ 21,640	$ 21,750
Receivables percentage by major customer	36.00%	49.00%	42.00%	43.00%
Geographic Concentration Risk [Member] | Sales Revenue, Net [Member] | TAIWAN, PROVINCE OF CHINA
Revenues	$ 5,725	$ 2,160	$ 7,909	$ 3,279
Receivables percentage by major customer	21.00%	9.00%	15.00%	7.00%
Geographic Concentration Risk [Member] | Sales Revenue, Net [Member] | GERMANY
Revenues	$ 3,994	$ 6,345	$ 7,028	$ 12,609
Receivables percentage by major customer	15.00%	27.00%	14.00%	25.00%
Geographic Concentration Risk [Member] | Sales Revenue, Net [Member] | KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
Revenues	$ 2,184	$ 627	$ 5,497	$ 7,545
Receivables percentage by major customer	8.00%	3.00%	11.00%	15.00%
Geographic Concentration Risk [Member] | Sales Revenue, Net [Member] | Rest of the World [Member]
Revenues	$ 5,267	$ 2,642	$ 9,695	$ 4,844
Receivables percentage by major customer	20.00%	12.00%	18.00%	10.00%
Geographic Concentration Risk [Member] | Sales Revenue, Net [Member]
Revenues	$ 26,688	$ 23,210	$ 51,769	$ 50,027
Receivables percentage by major customer	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Revenues	$ 26,688	$ 23,210	$ 51,769	$ 50,027

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Note 7 - Customer and Geographic Information - Long-lived Assets by Geographic Area (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
UNITED STATES
Long-lived assets	$ 15,559	$ 10,752
Rest of the World [Member]
Long-lived assets	517	573
Long-lived assets	$ 16,076	$ 11,325

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Note 8 - Fair Value Measurements (Details Textual) - Foreign Exchange Contract [Member] - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2015	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2015	Dec. 31, 2015
Other Nonoperating Income (Expense) [Member]
Derivative, Gain (Loss) on Derivative, Net	$ (300,000)	$ 100,000	$ 8,000	$ (600,000)
Other Current Liabilities [Member]
Derivative Liability, Current	28,000		28,000		$ 62,000
Derivative Asset, Notional Amount	$ 7,100,000		$ 7,100,000		$ 6,700,000

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Note 8 - Fair Value, Assets Measured on a Recurring Basis (Details) - Money Market Mutual Funds [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Money market mutual funds	$ 26,415	$ 26,371
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Money market mutual funds
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Money market mutual funds
Money market mutual funds	$ 26,415	$ 26,371

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Note 9 - Commitments and Contingencies (Details Textual) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2015	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2015
Loss Contingency Accrual	$ 0		$ 0
Operating Leases, Rent Expense, Net	$ 600,000	$ 500,000	$ 1,200,000	$ 1,000,000

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Note 9 - Commitments and Contingencies - Future Minimum Lease Payments Under Noncancelable Operating Leases (Details) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2016 USD ($)
2016 (remaining six months)	$ 1,028
2017	1,733
2018	1,087
2019	264
2020	195
2021 and thereafter	61
Total future minimum lease payments	$ 4,368