DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

The Company enters into derivative transactions to manage exposures arising in the normal course of business. The Company does not enter into derivative transactions for speculative or trading purposes. The Company recognizes all derivative instruments on the balance sheet at fair value. Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments are adjusted to fair value through income. Depending on the nature of derivatives designated as hedging instruments, changes in the fair value are either offset against the change in fair value of the hedged assets, liabilities, or firm commitments through earnings or recognized in shareholders' equity through other comprehensive income until the hedged item is recognized. Gains or losses, if any, related to the ineffective portion of any hedge are recognized through earnings in the current period.

The Company enters into interest-rate swap contracts to economically convert a portion of the Company’s fixed-rate debt to variable rate debt. During the fourth quarter of 2011, the Company entered into four interest rate swap agreements with a total notional amount of $400 million. These contracts were designated as fair value hedges of the Company’s $400 million 4.5% fixed-rate debt due in 2021. The variable rate for each of the interest rate swaps is based on the six-month London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR), set in arrears, plus a fixed spread. The variable rates are reset semi-annually at each net settlement date. Fair values of these interest rate swaps are determined using discounted cash flow or other appropriate methodologies. Asset positions are included in deferred charges and other assets with a corresponding increase in long-term debt. Liability positions are included in other liabilities and deferred credits with a corresponding decrease in long-term debt.

The Company enters into forward exchange contracts to manage foreign currency exchange rate exposures associated with certain foreign currency denominated receivables and payables. Forward exchange contracts generally have maturities of less than six months and relate primarily to the U.S. dollar for the Company’s Brazilian operations. The Company has not designated these derivative instruments as hedging instruments. At December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company had outstanding forward exchange contracts with notional amounts aggregating $2.7 million and $4.1 million, respectively. The net settlement amount (fair value) related to active forward exchange contracts is recorded on the balance sheet as either a current or long-term asset or liability and as an element of other operating income which offsets the related transaction gains or losses. The net settlement amounts are immaterial for all periods presented.

The Company is exposed to credit loss in the event of non-performance by counterparties in forward exchange contracts and interest-rate swap contracts. Collateral is generally not required of the counterparties or of the Company. In the event a counterparty fails to meet the contractual terms of a currency swap or forward exchange contract, the Company’s risk is limited to the fair value of the instrument. The Company actively monitors its exposure to credit risk through the use of credit approvals and credit limits, and by selecting major international banks and financial institutions as counterparties. The Company has not had any historical instances of non-performance by any counterparties, nor does it anticipate any future instances of non-performance.

The fair values, balance sheet presentation, and the hedge designation status of derivative instruments at December 31, 2017 and 2016 are presented in the table below:



		Fair Value (Level 2) as of
(in millions)	Balance Sheet Location	December 31, 2017		December 31, 2016
Asset Derivatives
Interest rate swaps — designated as hedge	Deferred charges and other assets	$	—	$	1.3
Liability Derivatives
Interest rate swaps — designated as hedge	Other liabilities and deferred credits	0.6		—

The income statement impact of derivatives are presented in the table below:



		Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives
(in millions)	Income Statement Location	2017			2016			2015
Designated as hedges
Interest rate swaps	Interest expense	$	3.2		$	4.7		$	7.2
Not designated as hedges
Forward exchange contracts	Other operating income	(0.8		)	(0.8		)	0.7
Total		$	2.4		$	3.9		$	7.9