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Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Consolidation, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Principles of consolidation: The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its majority owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated. Joint ventures which are not majority controlled are accounted for by the equity method of accounting with earnings of $2.2 million, $1.9 million, and $1.7 million in 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively, included in other operating income on the accompanying consolidated statement of income. Investments in joint ventures of $6.2 million and $5.4 million as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, are included in deferred charges and other assets on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.

Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Estimates and assumptions required: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Foreign Currency Transactions and Translations Policy [Policy Text Block]

Translation of foreign currencies: The Company considers the local currency to be the functional currency for substantially all foreign subsidiaries. Assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate as of the balance sheet date. All revenue and expense accounts are translated at average exchange rates in effect during the year. Translation gains or losses are recorded in the foreign currency translation component in accumulated other comprehensive loss in shareholders’ equity. Foreign currency transaction gains of $0.4 million in 2016 and losses of $1.4 million and $3.5 million in 2015 and 2014, respectively, are included as a component of other operating income. Foreign currency transaction losses of $0.7 million were recorded within non-operating income in 2016. There were no foreign currency transaction losses recorded within non-operating income in 2015 or 2014.

Revenue Recognition, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Revenue recognition: Sales and related costs of products sold are recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, title and risk of ownership have been transferred to the customer, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. These conditions are typically fulfilled upon shipment of products. All costs associated with revenue, including customer rebates and provisions for estimates of sales returns and allowances, are recognized as a deduction from revenue in the period in which the associated revenue is recorded. Customer rebates are accrued using sales data and rebate percentages specific to each customer agreement. Shipping and handling costs are classified as a component of cost of products sold while amounts billed to customers for shipping and handling are classified as a component of sales. The Company accrues for estimated warranty costs when specific issues are identified and the amounts are determinable and also considers the history of actual claims paid. Taxes assessed by governmental authorities on revenue producing transactions, including sales, value added, excise and use taxes, are recorded on a net basis (excluded from revenue).

Research and Development Expense, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Research and development: Research and development expenditures are expensed as incurred.

Facility Consolidation and Other Costs [Policy Text Block]

Restructuring costs: Restructuring costs are recognized when the liability is incurred. The Company calculates severance obligations based on its standard customary practices. Accordingly, the Company records provisions for severance when probable and estimable and the Company has committed to the restructuring plan. In the absence of a standard customary practice or established local practice for locations outside the U.S., liabilities for severance are recognized when incurred. If fixed assets are to be disposed of as a result of the Company’s restructuring efforts, the assets are written off when the Company commits to dispose of them and they are no longer in use. Depreciation is accelerated on fixed assets for the period of time the asset continues to be used until the asset ceases to be used. Other restructuring costs, including costs to relocate equipment, are generally recorded as the cost is incurred or the service is provided.

Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Cash and cash equivalents: The Company considers all highly liquid temporary investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents include certificates of deposit that can be readily liquidated without penalty at the Company’s option. Cash equivalents are carried at cost which approximates fair market value.

Trade and Other Accounts Receivable, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Trade receivables: Trade accounts receivable are stated at the amount the Company expects to collect, which is net of an allowance for sales returns and the estimated losses resulting from the inability of its customers to make required payments. When determining the collectability of specific customer accounts, a number of factors are evaluated, including: customer creditworthiness, past transaction history with the customer, and changes in customer payment terms or practices. In addition, overall historical collection experience, current economic industry trends, and a review of the current status of trade accounts receivable are considered when determining the required allowance for doubtful accounts. Based on management’s assessment, the Company provides for estimated uncollectible amounts through a charge to earnings and a credit to allowance for doubtful accounts. Balances that remain outstanding after the Company has used reasonable collection efforts are written off through a charge to the allowance for doubtful accounts and a credit to trade receivables. Trade receivables are presented net of an allowance for doubtful accounts of $18.2 million and $18.0 million at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

The Company enters into supply chain financing programs from time to time to sell trade receivables without recourse to third-party financial institutions. Sales of trade receivables are reflected as a reduction of trade receivables on the consolidated balance sheets and the proceeds are included in the cash flows from operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. During the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company sold without recourse trade receivables representing approximately 12 percent and 10 percent, respectively, of net sales, and the associated discount on sale of trade receivables was not significant.

Inventory, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Inventory valuation: Inventories are valued at the lower of cost, as determined by the first-in, first-out ("FIFO") method, or net realizable value. Inventory values using the FIFO method of accounting approximate replacement cost. Inventories are summarized at December 31, as follows:



(in millions)	2016		2015
Raw materials and supplies	$	172.2	$	169.3
Work in process and finished goods	377.2		356.6
Total inventories	$	549.4	$	525.9

Property, Plant and Equipment, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Property and equipment: Property and equipment are stated at cost. Maintenance and repairs that do not improve efficiency or extend economic life are expensed as incurred. Plant and equipment are depreciated for financial reporting purposes principally using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of assets as follows: land improvements, 15-30 years; buildings, 15-45 years; leasehold and building improvements, the lesser of the lease term or 8-20 years; and machinery and equipment, 3-16 years. For tax purposes, the Company generally uses accelerated methods of depreciation. The tax effect of the difference between book and tax depreciation has been provided as deferred income taxes. Depreciation expense was $146.1 million, $144.2 million, and $154.6 million for 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. On sale or retirement, the asset cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any related gain or loss is reflected in income. Interest costs, which are capitalized during the construction of major capital projects, totaled $0.5 million, $0.4 million, and $0.2 million in 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively.

The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. If impairment indicators are present and the estimated future undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying value of the assets, the carrying values are reduced to the estimated fair value.

The Company capitalizes direct costs (internal and external) of materials and services used in the development and purchase of internal-use software. Amounts capitalized are amortized on a straight-line basis over a period of three to twelve years and are reported as a component of machinery and equipment within property and equipment.

The Company is in the process of developing and implementing a new Enterprise Resource Planning ("ERP") system. Certain costs incurred during the application development stage have been capitalized in accordance with authoritative accounting guidance related to accounting for costs of computer software developed or obtained for internal use. The net book value of capitalized costs for this new ERP system were approximately $60.8 million and $65.7 million as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. These costs are being amortized over the system’s estimated useful life as the ERP system is placed in service.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Intangible Assets, Indefinite-Lived, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Goodwill: Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair value of net assets acquired in business combinations. Goodwill is not amortized, but instead tested annually or when events and circumstances indicate an impairment may have occurred. The Company's reporting units each contain goodwill that is assessed for potential impairment. All goodwill is assigned to reporting units, which is defined as the operating segment, or one level below the operating segment. The Company has three reporting units, of which two are included in the Global Packaging reportable segment. The other reporting unit is the U.S. Packaging segment.

Goodwill for the reporting units is reviewed for impairment annually in the fourth quarter of each year using a two-step process. In the first step, the fair value of each reporting unit is compared to its carrying value, including goodwill. The determination of the estimated fair value of the reporting units utilizes both a discounted cash flow valuation and a market multiple method. Significant inputs to the discounted cash flow valuation method include discount rates, long-term sales growth rates and forecasted operating margins. The market multiple method estimates fair value by comparing the Company to similar public companies. If the fair value exceeds the carrying value, step two is not required and an impairment loss is not recognized. If step two were required, the implied fair value of goodwill would be calculated by deducting the fair value of all tangible and intangible net assets, including unrecognized intangible assets, of the reporting unit from the fair value of the reporting unit. If the implied fair value of goodwill is less than the carrying value of goodwill, an impairment loss would be recognized equal to the difference.

The annual impairment test indicated no impairment for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, or 2014, nor does the Company have any accumulated impairment losses.

Intangible Assets, Finite-Lived, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Intangible assets: Contractual or separable intangible assets that have finite useful lives are amortized against income using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, with original periods ranging from one to thirty years. The straight-line method of amortization reflects an appropriate allocation of the costs of the intangible assets to earnings in proportion to the amount of economic benefits obtained by the Company in each reporting period. The Company tests finite-lived intangible assets for impairment whenever there is an impairment indicator. Intangible assets are tested for impairment by comparing anticipated undiscounted future cash flows from operations to net book value.

Derivatives, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Financial instruments: The Company recognizes all derivative instruments on the balance sheet at fair value. Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments are adjusted to fair value through income. Depending on the nature of derivatives designated as hedging instruments, changes in the fair value are either offset against the change in fair value of the hedged assets, liabilities, or firm commitments through earnings or recognized in shareholders’ equity through other comprehensive income until the hedged item is recognized. Gains or losses, if any, related to the ineffective portion of any hedge are recognized through earnings in the current period.

Note 8 contains expanded details relating to specific derivative instruments included on the Company’s balance sheet, such as forward foreign currency exchange contracts, currency swap contracts, and interest rate swap arrangements.

Deferred Credits and Other Liabilities [Policy Text Block]

Other liabilities and deferred credits: Other liabilities and deferred credits balances include non-current pension and other postretirement liability amounts of $59.5 million and $99.8 million at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Stockholders' Equity, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Treasury stock: Treasury stock purchases are stated at cost and presented as a separate reduction of shareholders’ equity. During 2016, the Company purchased 3.0 million shares of common stock in the open market for $143.9 million. During 2015, the Company purchased 3.3 million shares of common stock in the open market for $150.1 million. During 2014, the Company purchased 3.8 million shares of common stock in the open market for $152.1 million. At December 31, 2016, approximately 20.4 million common shares can be repurchased, at management’s discretion, under authority granted by the Company’s Board of Directors in 2016.