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Trade Accounts and Bills Receivable, net
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Trade Accounts and Bills Receivable, net [Text Block]
3.

Trade Accounts and Bills Receivable, net

Trade accounts and bills receivable as of December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018 consisted of the following:

      December 31,     March 31,  
      2017     2018  
  Trade accounts receivable $ 42,095,211   $ 36,767,530  
  Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts   (3,700,922 )   (3,749,172 )
      38,394,289     33,018,358  
  Bills receivable   19,124,323     11,294,221  
    $ 57,518,612   $ 44,312,579  

An analysis of the allowance for doubtful accounts is as follows:

      March 31,     March 31,  
      2017     2018  
  Balance at beginning of period $ 2,761,144   $ 3,700,922  
  Provision for the period   38,706     11,199  
  Reversal – recoveries by cash   (29,601 )   (97,852 )
  Charged to consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income   9,105     (86,653 )
  Foreign exchange adjustment   22,446     134,903  
  Balance at end of period $ 2,792,695   $ 3,749,172