-----BEGIN PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE----- Proc-Type: 2001,MIC-CLEAR Originator-Name: webmaster@www.sec.gov Originator-Key-Asymmetric: MFgwCgYEVQgBAQICAf8DSgAwRwJAW2sNKK9AVtBzYZmr6aGjlWyK3XmZv3dTINen TWSM7vrzLADbmYQaionwg5sDW3P6oaM5D3tdezXMm7z1T+B+twIDAQAB MIC-Info: RSA-MD5,RSA, Us37RWzoTUSPySlsi2NGZQhM8g5k41BlmK48JjO+L7QmFbXRnsX2pbD9VuyPBRv/ ETbOLM63ZXKfk5pv1bmm9g== 0001047469-10-008315.txt : 20100928 0001047469-10-008315.hdr.sgml : 20100928 20100928151040 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0001047469-10-008315 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 6-K PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 1 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 20100928 FILED AS OF DATE: 20100928 DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20100928 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: PRUDENTIAL PLC CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001116578 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: LIFE INSURANCE [6311] IRS NUMBER: 000000000 STATE OF INCORPORATION: X0 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 6-K SEC ACT: 1934 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 001-15040 FILM NUMBER: 101093541 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: LAURENCE POUNTNEY HILL CITY: LONDON ENGLAND STATE: X0 ZIP: EC4R OHH BUSINESS PHONE: 011442075483737 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: LAURENCE POUNTNEY HILL CITY: LONDON ENGLAND STATE: X0 ZIP: EC4R OHH 6-K 1 a2200209z6-k.htm 6-K

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Prudential plc and Subsidiaries INDEX TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED INTERIM FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Table of Contents

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 28, 2010

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549



FORM 6-K

REPORT OF FOREIGN PRIVATE ISSUER

Pursuant to Rule 13a-16 or 15d-16 of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Commission File Number: 1-15040

PRUDENTIAL PUBLIC LIMITED COMPANY

(Name of Registrant)

Laurence Pountney Hill,
London EC4R 0HH, England

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover Form 20-F or Form 40-F.

Form 20-F    X          Form 40-F          

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(1):          

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(7):          

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant by furnishing the information contained in this Form is also thereby furnishing the information to the Commission pursuant to Rule 12g3-2(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Yes                  No    X  

If "Yes" is marked, indicate below the file number assigned to the registrant in connection with Rule 12g3-2(b): 82-


Table of Contents

This report on Form 6-K is hereby incorporated by reference, in its entirety, into Prudential Public Limited Company's registration statement on Form F-3 (File No. 333-153367).


Table of Contents


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 
  Page

Selected Historical Financial Information of Prudential

  2

Exchange Rate Information

  4

Forward-Looking Statements

  4

EEV Basis and New Business Results

  5

Operating and Financial Review

 
6
 

Introduction

  6
 

IFRS Critical Accounting Policies

  6
 

Summary Consolidated Results and Basis of Preparation of Analysis

  19
   

Explanation of Movements in Profits After Tax and Profits Before Shareholder Tax by Reference to the Basis Applied for Segmental Disclosure

  19
   

Explanation of Movements in Profits Before Shareholder Tax by Nature of Revenue and Charges

  44
 

IFRS Shareholders' Funds and Summary Balance Sheet

  57
 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

  61

Financial Statements

   
 

Index to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

  I-1

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SELECTED HISTORICAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF PRUDENTIAL

        The following table sets forth Prudential's selected consolidated financial data for the periods indicated. Certain data is derived from Prudential's consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS") as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ("IASB"). Were Prudential to apply International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the European Union ("EU") as opposed to those issued by the IASB, no additional adjustments would be required. This table is only a summary and should be read in conjunction with Prudential's unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this document, together with the "Operating and Financial Review".

 
  Six Months Ended June 30,  
 
  2010(1)   2010   2009  
 
  (In $ Millions)
  (In £ Millions)
 

Income statement data

                   

Earned premiums, net of reinsurance

    16,824     11,256     9,518  

Investment return

    7,514     5,027     3,625  

Other income

    1,127     754     574  
               

Total revenue, net of reinsurance

    25,465     17,037     13,717  
               

Benefits and claims and movement in unallocated surplus of with-profits funds, net of reinsurance

    (20,403 )   (13,650 )   (10,783 )

Acquisition costs and other expenditure

    (3,967 )   (2,654 )   (2,446 )

Finance costs: interest on core structural borrowings of shareholder-financed operations

    (193 )   (129 )   (84 )

Loss on sale of Taiwan agency business

            (559 )
               

Total charges, net of reinsurance

    (24,563 )   (16,433 )   (13,872 )
               

Profit (loss) before tax (being tax attributable to shareholders' and policyholders' returns)(2)

    902     604     (155 )

Tax (charge) credit attributable to policyholders' returns

    (16 )   (11 )   79  
               

Profit (loss) before tax attributable to shareholders

    886     593     (76 )

Tax (charge) credit attributable to shareholders' returns

    (223 )   (149 )   (182 )
               

Profit (loss) for the period

    663     444     (258 )
               

 

 
  Six Months Ended June 30,  
 
  2010(1)   2010   2009  

Other data

                   

Based on profit (loss) for the period attributable to the equity holders of the Company:

                   
   

Basic earnings (loss) per share

    26.2 ¢   17.5 p   (10.2 )p
   

Diluted earnings (loss) per share

    26.2 ¢   17.5 p   (10.2 )p

Dividend per share declared and paid in reporting period(5)

    20.27 ¢   13.56 p   12.91 p

Equivalent cents per share(6)

          19.76 ¢   20.52 ¢

Market price at end of period

    760 ¢   508.5 p   414 p

Weighted average number of shares (in millions)

    2,520     2,520     2,489  

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  As of and for the
Six Months Ended June 30,
  As of and
for the
Twelve Months
Ended
December 31,
 
 
  2010(1)   2010   2009  
 
  (In $ Millions)
  (In £ Millions)
 

Statement of financial position data

                   

Total assets

    363,828     243,412     227,754  

Total policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds

    312,361     208,979     196,417  

Core structural borrowings of shareholder-financed operations

    5,205     3,482     3,394  

Total equity

    10,759     7,198     6,303  

Other data

                   

New business:

                   
 

Single premium sales(7)

    12,497     8,361     14,438  
 

New regular premium sales(3)(4)(7)

    1,224     819     1,401  

Gross investment product contributions(4)

    76,760     51,355     96,057  

Funds under management

    461,862     309,000     290,000  

(1)
Amounts stated in US dollars have been translated from pounds sterling at the rate of $1.4947 per £1.00 (the noon buying rate in New York City on June 30, 2010).

(2)
This measure is the formal profit (loss) before tax measure under IFRS but is not the result attributable to shareholders. See "Presentation of results before tax" in "IFRS Critical Accounting Policies" within the "Operating and Financial Review" section for further explanation.

(3)
New regular premium sales are reported on an annualized basis, which represents a full year of installments in respect of regular premiums, irrespective of the actual payments made during the period.

(4)
The new business premiums in the table shown above are provided as an indicative volume measure of transactions undertaken in the reporting period that have the potential to generate profits for shareholders. The amounts shown are not, and are not intended to be, reflective of premium income recorded in the IFRS income statement. Department of Work and Pensions ("DWP") rebate business is classified as single recurrent business. Internal vesting business is classified as new business where the contracts include an open market option.

The details shown above for new business include contributions for contracts that are classified under IFRS 4 "Insurance Contracts" as not containing significant insurance risk. These products are described as investment contracts or other financial instruments under IFRS. Contracts included in this category are primarily certain unit-linked and similar contracts written in UK insurance operations and Guaranteed Investment Contracts and similar funding agreements written in US operations.

Investment products included in gross investment product contributions in the table above are unit trusts, mutual funds and similar types of retail fund management arrangements. These are unrelated to insurance products that are classified as "investment contracts" under IFRS 4, as described in the preceding paragraph, although similar IFRS recognition and measurement principles apply to the acquisition costs and fees attaching to this type of business.

(5)
Under IFRS, dividends declared after the balance sheet date in respect of the prior reporting period are treated as a non-adjusting event. The appropriation reflected in the statement of changes in equity, therefore, includes the final or any second interim dividend in respect of the prior period. Parent company dividends relating to the reporting period were an interim dividend of 6.61p per share for the first half of 2010 and 6.29p per share for the first half of 2009.

(6)
The dividends have been translated into US dollars at the noon buying rate on the dates the payments were made.

(7)
The new business premiums in the table shown above only reflect Prudential's retained businesses as at June 30, 2010. The new business premiums shown, including the comparatives for the twelve months ended December 31, 2009, exclude the new business premiums from the Japanese life insurance operations which ceased writing new business in February 2010, and the new business premiums for the Taiwan agency business, which was sold in June 2009, but include amounts for the retained Taiwan bank distribution business.

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EXCHANGE RATE INFORMATION

        Prudential publishes its consolidated financial statements in pounds sterling. References in this document to "US dollars", "US$", "$" or "¢" are to US currency, references to "pounds sterling", "£", "pounds", "pence" or "p" are to UK currency (there are 100 pence to each pound) and references to "Euro" or "€" are to the single currency adopted by the participating members of the European Union. The following table sets forth for each period the average of the noon buying rates on the last business day of each month of that period, as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, for pounds sterling expressed in US dollars per pound sterling for each of the reported periods. Prudential has not used these rates to prepare its consolidated financial statements.

Period
  Average
rate
 

Six months ended June 30, 2009

    1.49  

Twelve months ended December 31, 2009

    1.57  

Six months ended June 30, 2010

    1.52  

        The following table sets forth the high and low buying rates for pounds sterling expressed in US dollars per pound sterling for each of the previous six months:

Month
  High
rate
  Low
rate
 

March 2010

    1.53     1.49  

April 2010

    1.55     1.52  

May 2010

    1.52     1.43  

June 2010

    1.51     1.44  

July 2010

    1.57     1.50  

August 2010

    1.60     1.54  

        On September 24, 2010, the latest practicable date prior to this filing, the noon buying rate was £1.00 = $1.58.


FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

        This report on Form 6-K may contain certain "forward-looking statements" with respect to certain of Prudential's plans and its current goals and expectations relating to its future financial condition, performance, results, strategy and objectives. Statements containing the words "believes", "intends", "expects", "plans", "seeks" and "anticipates", and words of similar meaning, are forward-looking. By their nature, all forward-looking statements involve risk and uncertainty because they relate to future events and circumstances which are beyond Prudential's control including among other things, UK domestic and global economic and business conditions, market related risks such as fluctuations in interest rates and exchange rates, and the performance of financial markets generally; the policies and actions of regulatory authorities, the impact of competition, inflation, and deflation; experience in particular with regard to mortality and morbidity trends, lapse rates and policy renewal rates; the timing, impact and other uncertainties of future acquisitions or combinations within relevant industries; and the impact of changes in capital, solvency standards or accounting standards, and tax and other legislation and regulations in the jurisdictions in which Prudential and its affiliates operate. This may for example result in changes to assumptions used for determining results of operations or re-estimations of reserves for future policy benefits. As a result, Prudential's actual future financial condition, performance and results may differ materially from the plans, goals, and expectations set forth in Prudential's forward-looking statements. Prudential undertakes no obligation to update the forward-looking statements contained in this statement or any other forward-looking statements it may make, whether as a result of future events, new information or otherwise except as required pursuant to the UK Prospectus Rules, the UK Listing Rules, the UK Disclosure and Transparency Rules, the Hong Kong Listing Rules, the SGX-ST listing rules or the US listing rules.

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EEV BASIS AND NEW BUSINESS RESULTS

        In addition to IFRS basis results, Prudential's filings with the UK Listing Authority and Group Annual Reports include reporting by Key Performance Indicators ("KPIs"). These include results prepared in accordance with the European Embedded Value ("EEV") Principles and Guidance issued by the Chief Financial Officers' ("CFO") Forum of European Insurance Companies, and New Business measures.

        The EEV basis is a value based method of reporting in that it reflects the change in the value of in-force long-term business over the accounting period. This value is called the shareholders' funds on the EEV basis which, at a given point in time, is the value of future cash flows expected to arise from the current book of long-term insurance business plus the net worth (based on statutory solvency capital (or economic capital where higher) and free surplus) of Prudential's life insurance operations. Prudential publishes its EEV basis results semi-annually in the UK market and beginning in 2010, Prudential also publishes its EEV basis results semi-annually in the Hong Kong and Singapore markets.

        New Business results are published quarterly and are provided as an indicative volume measure of transactions undertaken in the reporting period that have the potential to generate profits for shareholders. The amounts are not, and are not intended to be, reflective of premium income recorded in the IFRS income statement. As from the first quarter of 2010, EEV basis new business profits and margins are also published quarterly.

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OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW

        The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with Prudential's unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements and the related notes to Prudential's unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements for the period ended June 30, 2010 included in this document. Prudential's unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements have been prepared in accordance with IFRS. A summary of the critical accounting policies which have been applied to these statements is set forth in the section below entitled "—IFRS Critical Accounting Policies".

        The results discussed below are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected in any future periods. This discussion contains forward-looking statements based on current expectations, which involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results and the timing of certain events may differ significantly from those projected in these forward-looking statements due to a number of factors.


Introduction

        In the first half of 2010, Prudential continued to provide a broad range of financial products and services, primarily to the retail market. Prudential's principal operations continue to be in Asia, the United States and the United Kingdom. The accounting policies applied by Prudential in determining the IFRS basis results reflected in Prudential's unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements for the period ended June 30, 2010 are the same as those previously adopted in Prudential's consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2009, except for the adoption of new accounting pronouncements in 2010. The more significant such accounting pronouncements include the revised IFRS 3, "Business Combinations" and amendments to IAS 27, "Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements". The changes in accounting policies as a result of the adoption of these two standards has been applied prospectively. No restatement of 2009 comparatives is required. Further details of the impact on Prudential's consolidated interim financial statements are shown in note B to the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements.


IFRS Critical Accounting Policies

        Prudential's discussion and analysis of its financial condition and results of operations are based upon Prudential's unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements, prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the IASB and as endorsed by the EU. EU-endorsed IFRS may differ from IFRS as issued by the IASB if, at any point in time, new or amended IFRS standards have not been endorsed by the EU. As at June 30, 2010, there were no unendorsed standards effective for the period ended June 30, 2010 affecting the consolidated financial information of Prudential, and there was no difference between IFRS endorsed by the EU and IFRS as issued by the IASB in terms of their application to Prudential. Accordingly, Prudential's financial information for the period ended June 30, 2010 is prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB. It is Prudential's policy to adopt mandatory requirements of new or altered EU-adopted IFRS standards where required, with earlier adoption applied where permitted and appropriate in the circumstances.

        The preparation of these financial statements requires Prudential to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, Prudential evaluates its estimates, including those related to long-term business provisioning, the fair value of assets and the declaration of bonus rates. Prudential bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

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        Critical accounting policies are defined as those that are reflective of significant judgments and uncertainties, and potentially give rise to different results under different assumptions and conditions. Prudential believes that its critical accounting policies are limited to those described below.

        The critical accounting policies in respect of the items discussed below are critical for Prudential's results in so far as they relate to the Prudential's shareholder-financed business. In particular, this applies for Jackson National Life Company "Jackson", which is the largest shareholder-backed business in Prudential. The policies are not critical in respect of the Group's with-profits business, except for the treatment of unallocated surplus. This distinction reflects the basis of recognition and the accounting treatment of unallocated surplus of with-profits funds as a liability. Accordingly, explanation is provided in this section as to why the distinction between the with-profits business and shareholder-backed business is relevant.

        In order to provide relevant analysis that is appropriate to the circumstances applicable to the Prudential's businesses, the explanations refer to types of business, fund structure, the relationship between asset and policyholder liability measurement, and the differences in the method of accounting permitted under IFRS 4 for accounting for insurance contract assets, policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of Prudential's with-profits funds.

        The policies and key assumptions described below are relevant to the reporting periods covered by this filing. Quantitative analysis for the year ended December 31, 2009 was provided in Prudential's annual report for 2009 filed with the SEC on Form 20-F. Quantitative analysis for the six months to June 30, 2010 is generally not provided in this section apart from information relating to Jackson's available-for-sale debt securities portfolio and unrecognized deferred tax assets. Other quantitative analysis as applied for the 2010 full year results, will be provided in Prudential's annual report for 2010 to be filed with the SEC on Form 20-F.

Investments

Determining the fair value of financial investments when the markets are not active

        Prudential holds certain financial investments for which the markets are not active. These can include financial investments which are not quoted on active markets and financial investments for which markets are no longer active as a result of market conditions, e.g., market illiquidity. When the markets are not active, there is generally no or limited observable market data to account for the financial investments at fair value. The determination of whether an active market exists for a financial investment requires management's judgment.

        If the market for a financial investment of Prudential is not active, the fair value is determined by using valuation techniques. Prudential establishes fair value for these financial investments by using quotations from independent third parties, such as brokers or pricing services or by using internally developed pricing models. Priority is given to publicly available prices from independent sources, when available, but overall, the source of pricing and/or the valuation technique is chosen with the objective of arriving at a fair value measurement which reflects the price at which an orderly transaction would take place between market participants on the measurement date. The valuation techniques include the use of recent arm's length transactions, reference to other instruments that are substantially the same, discounted cash flow analysis, option adjusted spread models and, if applicable, enterprise valuation and may include a number of assumptions relating to variables such as credit risk and interest rates. Changes in assumptions relating to these variables could positively or negatively affect the reported fair value of these financial investments.

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        The financial investments measured at fair value are classified (from January 1, 2009) into the following three level hierarchy on the basis of the lowest level of inputs that is significant to the fair value measurement of the financial investments concerned:

      Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.

      Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices included within level 1 that are observable either directly or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).

      Level 3: Significant inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

        As at June 30, 2010, £4,982 million of the financial investments (net of derivative liabilities) valued at fair value were classified as level 3, which represents three per cent of the total financial investments (net of derivative liabilities) carried at fair value at that date. Of these, £892 million are held to back shareholder non-linked business, and so changes to these valuations will directly affect shareholders' equity. Further details of the classification of financial instruments are given in note T to Prudential's unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements.

Determining impairments relating to financial assets

Available-for-sale securities

        Under IAS 39, Prudential has the option to account for individual financial instruments as available-for-sale. Currently the only financial investments carried on an available-for-sale basis are represented by Jackson's debt securities portfolio. The consideration of evidence of impairment requires management's judgment. In making this determination the factors considered include, for example,

    Whether the decline of the financial investment's fair value is substantial

        A substantial decline in fair value might be indicative of a credit loss event that would lead to a measurable decrease in the estimated future cash flows.

    The impact of the duration of the security on the calculation of the revised estimated cash flows

        The duration of a security for maturity helps to inform whether assessments of estimated future cash flows that are higher than market value are reasonable.

    The duration and extent to which the amortized cost exceeds fair value

        This factor provides an indication of how the contractual cash flows and effective interest rate of a financial asset compares with the implicit market estimate of cash flows and the risk attaching to a 'fair value' measurement. The length of time for which that level of difference has been in place may also provide further evidence as to whether the market assessment implies an impairment loss has arisen.

    The financial condition and prospects of the issuer or other observable conditions that indicate the investment may be impaired.

        If a loss event that will have a detrimental effect on cash flows is identified an impairment loss in the income statement is recognized. The loss recognized is determined as the difference between the book cost and the fair value of the relevant impaired securities. This loss comprises the effect of the expected loss of contractual cash flows and any additional market price driven temporary reductions in values.

        For Jackson's residential mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities all of which are classified as available-for-sale, the model used to analyze cash flows begins with the current delinquency experience of the underlying collateral pool for the structure by applying assumptions about how much of the currently delinquent loans will eventually default, and multiplying this by an assumed loss

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severity. Additional factors are applied to anticipate the effect of ageing. After applying a cash flow simulation an indication is obtained as to whether or not the security has suffered, or is anticipated to suffer, a principal or interest payment shortfall. If a shortfall applies an impairment charge is recorded.

        The difference between the fair value and book cost for unimpaired securities accounted for as available-for-sale is accounted for as unrealized gains or losses, with the movements in the accounting period being accounted for in other comprehensive income.

        Prudential's review of fair value involves several criteria, including economic conditions, credit loss experience, other issuer-specific developments and future cash flows. These assessments are based on the best available information at the time. Factors such as market liquidity, the widening of bid/ask spreads and a change in cash flow assumptions can contribute to future price volatility. If actual experience differs negatively from the assumptions and other considerations used in the consolidated financial information, unrealized losses currently in equity may be recognized in the income statement in future periods. The preceding note in this section provides explanation on how fair value is determined when the markets for the financial investments are not active.

        In the first half of 2010 there was a movement in the statement of financial position for Jackson's debt securities classified as available-for-sale from a net unrealized gain of £4 million at December 31, 2009 to a net unrealized gain of £1,171 million at June 30, 2010. The gross unrealized gain in the statement of financial position increased from £970 million at December 31, 2009 to £1,692 million at June 30, 2010, while the gross unrealized loss decreased from £966 million at December 31, 2009 to £521 million at June 30, 2010.

        These features are included in the table shown below of the movements in the values of Jackson's available-for-sale securities.

 
  June 30,
2010
  Changes in
unrealized
appreciation**
  Foreign
exchange
translation
  December 31,
2009
 
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Assets fair valued at below book value

                         
 

Book value*

    3,796                 8,220  
 

Unrealized loss

    (521 )   512     (67 )   (966 )
                       
 

Fair value (as included in statement of financial position)

    3,275                 7,254  
                       

Assets fair valued at or above book value

                         
 

Book value*

    22,276                 14,444  
 

Unrealized gain

    1,692     632     90     970  
                       
 

Fair value (as included in statement of financial position)

    23,968                 15,414  
                       

Total

                         
 

Book value*

    26,072                 22,664  
 

Net unrealized gain

    1,171     1,144     23     4  
                       
 

Fair value (as included in statement of financial position)***

    27,243                 22,668  
                       

*
Book value represents the cost / amortized cost of debt securities.

**
Translated at the average rate of $1.5253: £1.

***
Debt securities for US operations included in the statement of financial position at June 30, 2010 of £27,371 million, and as referred to above comprise £27,243 million for securities classified as available-for-sale, as shown above, and £128 million for securities of consolidated investment funds classified as fair value through profit and loss.

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        The following tables provide further detail regarding the key attributes of Jackson's available-for-sale securities that are in an unrealized loss position at June 30, 2010.

(a)   Fair value of securities as a percentage of book value

        The unrealized losses on unimpaired securities in Jackson's statement of financial position £521 million (December 31, 2009: £966 million), relating to assets with a fair market value and a book value of £3,275 million (December 31, 2009: £7,254 million) and £3,796 million (December 31, 2009: £8,220 million), respectively. The following table shows the fair value of the securities in a gross unrealized loss position for various percentages of book value:

 
  June 30, 2010   December 31, 2009  
 
  Fair value   Unrealized loss   Fair value   Unrealized loss  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Between 90% and 100%

    2,133     (70 )   5,127     (169 )

Between 80% and 90%

    661     (111 )   1,201     (203 )

Below 80%

    481     (340 )   926     (594 )
                   

    3,275     (521 )   7,254     (966 )
                   

        Included within the table above are amounts relating to sub-prime and Alt-A securities of:

 
  June 30, 2010   December 31, 2009  
 
  Fair value   Unrealized loss   Fair value   Unrealized loss  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Between 90% and 100%

    118     (6 )   102     (3 )

Between 80% and 90%

    95     (16 )   160     (28 )

Below 80%

    103     (48 )   159     (88 )
                   

    316     (70 )   421     (119 )
                   

(b)   Unrealized losses by maturity of security

 
  June 30, 2010   December 31, 2009  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Less than 1 year

         

1 year to 5 years

    (13 )   (29 )

5 years to 10 years

    (31 )   (127 )

More than 10 years

    (43 )   (92 )

Mortgaged-backed and other debt securities

    (434 )   (718 )
           

Total

    (521 )   (966 )
           

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(c)   Age analysis of unrealized loss position for the periods indicated

        The following table shows the age analysis of all the unrealized losses in the Jackson available-for-sale portfolio by reference to the length of time the securities have been in an unrealized loss position:

 
  June 30, 2010   December 31, 2009  
 
  Non-
investment
grade
  Investment
grade
  Total   Non-
investment
grade
  Investment
grade
  Total  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Less than 6 months

    (15 )   (6 )   (21 )   (7 )   (51 )   (58 )

6 months to 1 year

    (3 )   (4 )   (7 )   (25 )   (59 )   (84 )

1 year to 2 years

    (78 )   (24 )   (102 )   (59 )   (234 )   (293 )

2 years to 3 years

    (121 )   (68 )   (189 )   (125 )   (199 )   (324 )

More than 3 years

    (105 )   (97 )   (202 )   (35 )   (172 )   (207 )
                           

    (322 )   (199 )   (521 )   (251 )   (715 )   (966 )
                           

        At June 30, 2010, the gross unrealized losses in the statement of financial position for Jackson's available-for-sale sub-prime and Alt-A securities in an unrealized loss position were £70 million (December 31, 2009: £119 million), as shown above in note (a). Of these losses, £5 million (December 31, 2009: £21 million) relate to securities that have been in an unrealized loss position for less than one year and £65 million (December 31, 2009: £98 million) to securities that have been in an unrealized loss position for more than one year.

(d)   Securities whose fair value were below 80 per cent of book value

        As shown in note (a) above, £340 million of the £521 million of gross unrealized losses on Jackson's available-for-sale securities at June 30, 2010 (December 31, 2009: £594 million of the £966 million of gross unrealized losses) related to securities whose fair value was below 80 per cent of the book value. The analysis of the £340 million (December 31, 2009: £594 million), by category of debt securities and by age analysis indicating the length of time for which their fair value was below 80 per cent of the book value, is as follows:

 
  June 30, 2010   December 31, 2009  
 
  Fair value   Unrealized loss   Fair value   Unrealized loss  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Analysis by category of debt security:

                         

Residential mortgage-backed securities

                         
 

Prime

    144     (66 )   322     (153 )
 

Alt-A

    39     (15 )   77     (33 )
 

Sub-prime

    64     (33 )   82     (55 )
                   

    247     (114 )   481     (241 )

Commercial mortgage-backed securities

    26     (57 )   87     (86 )

Other asset-backed securities

    135     (142 )   183     (188 )
                   

Total structured securities

    408     (313 )   751     (515 )

Corporates

    73     (27 )   175     (79 )
                   

Total

    481     (340 )   926     (594 )
                   

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  June 30, 2010   December 31, 2009  
 
  Fair value   Unrealized loss   Fair value   Unrealized loss  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Age analysis of fair value being below 80 per cent for the period indicated

                         

Less than 3 months

    36     (11 )   153     (45 )

3 months to 6 months

    6     (3 )   5     (3 )

More than 6 months

    439     (326 )   768     (546 )
                   

Total

    481     (340 )   926     (594 )
                   

Assets held at amortized cost

        Financial assets classified as loans and receivables under IAS 39 are initially recognized at fair value plus transaction costs. Subsequently, they are carried at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method. The loans and receivables include loans collateralized by mortgages, deposits and loans to policyholders. In estimating future cash flows, Prudential looks at the expected cash flows of the assets and applies historical loss experience of assets with similar credit risks and adjusts for conditions in the historical loss experience which no longer exist or for conditions that are expected to arise. The estimated future cash flows are discounted using the financial asset's original or variable effective interest rate and exclude credit losses that have not yet been incurred.

        The risks inherent in reviewing the impairment of any investment include the risk that market results may differ from expectations; facts and circumstances may change in the future and differ from estimates and assumptions; and Prudential may later decide to sell the asset as a result of changed circumstances.

Insurance contracts

Product classification

        IFRS 4 requires contracts written by insurers to be classified as either "insurance contracts" or "investment contracts" depending on the level of insurance risk transferred. Insurance risk is a pre-existing risk, other than financial risk, transferred from the contract holder to the contract issuer. If significant insurance risk is transferred by the contract then it is classified as an insurance contract. Contracts that transfer financial risk but not significant insurance risk are termed investment contracts. Furthermore, some contracts, both insurance and investment, contain discretionary participation features representing the contractual right to receive additional benefits as a supplement to guaranteed benefits:

    (a)
    that are likely to be a significant portion of the total contractual benefits;

    (b)
    whose amount or timing is contractually at the discretion of the insurer; and

    (c)
    that are contractually based on asset or fund performance, as discussed in IFRS 4.

        Accordingly, insurers must perform a product classification exercise across their portfolio of contracts issued to determine the allocation to these various categories. IFRS 4 permits the continued usage of previously applied GAAP for insurance contracts and investment contracts with discretionary participating features. Except for UK regulated with-profits funds, as described below, subsequently this basis has been applied by Prudential.

        For investment contracts that do not contain discretionary participating features, IAS 39 and, where the contract includes an investment management element, IAS 18, apply measurement principles to assets and liabilities attaching to the contract.

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Valuation assumptions

(i)    Contracts of with-profits funds

        Prudential's insurance contracts and investment contracts with discretionary participating features are primarily with-profits and other protection type policies. For UK regulated with-profits funds, the contract liabilities are valued by reference to the FSA realistic basis. In aggregate, this basis has the effect of placing a value on the liabilities of UK with-profits contracts, which reflects the amounts expected to be paid based on the current value of investments held by the with-profits funds and current circumstances.

        The basis of determining liabilities for Prudential's with-profits business has little or no effect on the results attributable to shareholders. This is because movements on liabilities of the with-profits funds are absorbed by the unallocated surplus. Except through indirect effects, or in remote circumstances as described below, changes to liability assumptions are therefore reflected in the carrying value of the unallocated surplus which is accounted for as a liability rather than shareholders' equity.

        Prudential's other with-profits contracts are written in with-profits funds that operate in some of Prudential's Asian operations. The liabilities for these contracts and those of Prudential Annuities Limited, which is a subsidiary company of the Prudential Assurance Company ("PAC") with-profits funds, are determined differently. For these other with-profits contracts applicable to Prudential's activities in the first half of 2010 and 2009, the liabilities are estimated using actuarial methods based on assumptions relating to premiums, interest rates, investment returns, expenses, mortality and surrenders. The assumptions to which the estimation of these reserves is particularly sensitive are the interest rate used to discount the provision and the assumed future mortality experience of policyholders.

        For liabilities determined using the basis described above for UK regulated with-profits funds, and the other liabilities described in the preceding paragraph, changes in estimates arising from the likely range of possible changes in underlying key assumptions have no direct impact on the reported profit.

        This lack of sensitivity reflects the with-profits fund structure, basis of distribution, and the application of previous GAAP to the unallocated surplus of with-profits funds as permitted by IFRS 4. Changes in liabilities of these contracts that are caused by altered estimates are absorbed by the unallocated surplus of the with-profits funds with no direct effect on shareholders' equity.

(ii)   Other contracts

        Contracts, other than those of with-profits funds, are written in shareholder-backed operations of Prudential. The significant shareholder-backed product groupings and the factors that may significantly affect IFRS results due to experience against assumptions or changes of assumptions vary significantly between business units. For some types of business the effect of changes in assumptions may be significant, whilst for others, due to the nature of the product, assumption setting may be of less significance. The nature of the products and the significance of assumptions are discussed below. From the perspective of shareholder results the key sensitivity relates to the assumption for allowance for credit risk for UK annuity business.

Jackson

        Jackson offers individual fixed annuities, fixed index annuities, immediate annuities, variable annuities, individual and variable life insurance and institutional products. With the exception of institutional products and an incidental amount of business for annuity certain contracts, which are accounted for as investment contracts under IAS 39, all of Jackson's contracts are accounted for under IFRS 4 as insurance contracts by applying US GAAP, the previous GAAP used before IFRS adoption. The accounting requirements under US GAAP and the effect of changes in valuation assumptions are considered below for fixed annuity, variable annuity and traditional life insurance contracts.

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        Fixed annuity contracts, which are investment contracts under US GAAP terminology, are accounted for by applying in the first instance a retrospective deposit method to determine the liability for policyholder benefits. This is then augmented by potentially three additional amounts, namely deferred income, any amounts previously assessed against policyholders that are refundable on termination of the contract, and any premium deficiency, i.e. any probable future loss on the contract. These types of contract contain considerable interest rate guarantee features.

        Notwithstanding the accompanying market risk exposure, except in the circumstances of interest rate scenarios where the guarantee rates included in contract terms are higher than crediting rates that can be supported from assets held to cover liabilities, the accounting measurement of Jackson's fixed annuity products is not generally sensitive to interest rate risk. This position derives from the nature of the products and the US GAAP basis of measurement.

        Variable annuity contracts written by Jackson may provide for guaranteed minimum death, income, or withdrawal benefit features. In general terms, liabilities for these benefits are accounted for under US GAAP by using estimates of future benefits and fees under best estimate assumptions. For variable annuity business, the key assumption is the expected long-term level of equity market returns as described further below under "Deferred acquisition costs—Jackson".

        For traditional life insurance contracts, provisions for future policy benefits are determined using the net level premium method and assumptions as of the issue date as to mortality, interest, policy lapses and expenses plus provisions for adverse deviation.

        Except to the extent of mortality experience, which primarily affects profits through variations in claim payments and the guaranteed minimum death benefit reserves, the profits of Jackson are relatively insensitive to changes in insurance risk. This reflects the principally spread and fee-based nature of Jackson's business.

Asian operations

        The insurance products written in Prudential's Asian operations principally cover with-profits business, unit-linked business, and other non-participating business. The results of with-profits business are relatively insensitive to changes in estimates and assumptions that affect the measurement of policyholder liabilities. As for the UK business, this feature arises because unallocated surplus is accounted for by Prudential as a liability. The results of Asian unit-linked business are also relatively insensitive to changes in estimates or assumptions.

Deferred acquisition costs

        Significant costs are incurred in connection with acquiring new insurance business. Except for acquisition costs of with-profits contracts of the UK regulated with-profits funds, which are accounted for under the FSA realistic regime, these costs, which vary with, and are primarily related to, the production of new business, are capitalized and amortized against margins in future revenues on the related insurance policies. The recoverability of the asset is measured and the asset is deemed impaired if the projected future margins are less than the carrying value of the asset. To the extent that the future margins differ from those anticipated, then an adjustment to the carrying value of the deferred acquisition cost asset will be necessary.

        The deferral and amortization of acquisition costs is of most relevance to Prudential's results for shareholder-financed long-term business of Jackson and Asian operations. The majority of the UK shareholder-backed business are for individual and group annuity business where the incidence of acquisition costs is negligible.

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Jackson

        For term business, acquisition costs are deferred and amortized in line with expected premiums. For annuity and interest-sensitive business, acquisition costs are deferred and amortized in line with expected gross profits on the relevant contracts. For interest-sensitive annuity and life business, the key assumption is the long-term spread between the earned rate and the rate credited to policyholders, which is based on the annual spread analysis. In addition, expected gross profits depend on mortality assumptions, assumed unit costs and terminations other than deaths (including the related charges), all of which are based on a combination of actual experience of Jackson, industry experience and future expectations. A detailed analysis of actual experience is measured by the internally developed mortality studies.

        Variable annuity contracts written by Jackson may provide for guaranteed minimum death, income, or withdrawal benefit features. Under US GAAP, the grandfathered basis of accounting under IFRS 4, acquisition costs for Jackson's variable annuity products are amortized in line with the emergence of profits. The measurement of the amortization in part reflects current period fees earned on assets covering liabilities to policyholders, and the expected level of future gross profits, which depends on the assumed level of future fees. The key assumption is the expected long-term level of equity market returns, as described below.

        Under US GAAP the projected gross profits reflect an assumed long-term level of equity return which, for Jackson, is 8.4 per cent. This is applied to the period end level of separate account equity assets after application of a mean reversion technique that broadly removes the effect of levels of short-term volatility in current market returns. Under the mean reversion technique applied by Jackson, subject to a capping feature, the projected level of return for each of the next five years is adjusted from period to period so that in combination with the actual rates of return for the preceding two years and the current year, the 8.4 per cent annual return is applied on average over the eight-year period. Projected returns after the next five years are also applied at the 8.4 per cent rate of return. The capping feature in the eight-year mean reversion period, which currently applies due to the very sharp market falls in 2008, is that the projected rates of return for the next five years can be no more than 15 per cent per annum. If Jackson had not applied the mean reversion methodology and had instead applied a constant 8.4 per cent annual return from today's asset values, the impact would be a reduction in deferred acquisition costs of £107 million.

        The level of acquisition costs carried in the statement of financial position is also sensitive to unrealized valuation movements on debt securities held to back the liabilities and solvency capital.

Pensions

        Prudential applies the requirements of IAS 19, "Employee Benefits" and associated interpretations including IFRIC 14 "IAS 19—The Limit on a Defined Benefit Asset, Minimum Funding Requirements and their Interaction", to its defined benefit pension schemes. The principal defined benefit pension scheme is the Prudential Staff Pension Scheme ("PSPS"). For PSPS the terms of the trust deed restrict shareholders' access to any underlying surplus. Accordingly, applying the interpretation of IFRIC 14, any underlying IAS 19 basis surplus is not recognized for IFRS reporting.

        The financial position for PSPS recorded in the IFRS financial information reflects the higher of any underlying IAS 19 deficit and any obligation for deficit funding.

        The economic participation in the surplus or deficits attaching to PSPS and the smaller Scottish Amicable Pensions Scheme ("SAPS") are shared between the PAC with-profits sub-fund ("WPSF") and shareholder operations. The economic interest reflects the source of contributions over the scheme life, which in turn reflects the activity of the members during their employment.

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        In the case of PSPS, movements in the apportionment of the financial position for PSPS between the WPSF and shareholders' funds in the first half of 2010 reflect the 70/30 ratio applied to the base deficit position as at December 31, 2005 but with service cost and contributions for ongoing service apportioned by reference to the cost allocation for activity of current employees. For SAPS, the ratio is estimated to be 50/50 between the WPSF and shareholders' funds.

        Due to the inclusion of actuarial gains and losses in the income statement rather than being recognized directly in other comprehensive income, the results of Prudential are affected by changes in interest rates for corporate bonds that affect the rate applied to discount projected pension payments and changes in mortality assumptions and changes in inflation assumptions.

Deferred tax

        Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that they are regarded as recoverable, that is to the extent that, on the basis of all the available evidence, it can be regarded as more likely than not that there will be suitable taxable profits against which the losses can be relieved.

        The taxation regimes applicable to Prudential apply separate rules to trading and capital profits and losses. The distinction between temporary differences that arise from items of either a capital or trading nature may affect the recognition of deferred tax assets. The judgments made, and uncertainties considered, in arriving at deferred tax balances in the financial information are discussed in note L to the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements.

Goodwill

        Goodwill impairment testing requires the exercise of judgment by management as to prospective future cash flows.

Other features of IFRS accounting that are of particular significance to an understanding of Prudential's results

        The other features that are of particular significance relate to: the timing of adoption of certain IFRS standards and their consequential impact upon the financial statements; the accounting for UK with-profits funds; and the presentation of certain items in the financial statements.

Insurance contract accounting

        With the exception of investment contracts without discretionary participation features, Prudential's life assurance contracts are classified as insurance contracts and investment contracts with discretionary participating features.

        As permitted by IFRS 4, assets and liabilities of these contracts are accounted for under previously applied GAAP. In limited circumstances, Prudential has chosen to apply a more relevant or reliable measure. The following paragraphs explain how Prudential currently applies this policy. Except as described below, in respect of UK regulated with-profits funds where the basis applied has been improved to a more relevant or reliable measure (also as permitted under IFRS 4), the modified statutory basis ("MSB") of reporting as set out in the revised Statement of Recommended Practice ("SORP") issued by the Association of British Insurers ("ABI") has been applied to Prudential's UK and overseas operations.

        In 2005, Prudential chose to improve its IFRS accounting for UK regulated with-profits funds by the voluntary application of the UK accounting standard FRS 27, "Life Assurance". Under this standard, the main accounting changes that were required for UK with-profits funds were:

    derecognition of deferred acquisition costs and related deferred tax; and

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    replacement of MSB liabilities with adjusted realistic basis liabilities.

        The results included in the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements reflect this basis.

        Unallocated surplus represents the excess of assets over policyholder liabilities for Prudential's with-profits funds that have yet to be appropriated between policyholders and shareholders. Prudential has opted to account for unallocated surplus wholly as a liability with no allocation to equity.

        This treatment reflects the fact that shareholders' participation in the cost of bonuses arises only on distribution. Shareholder profits on with-profits business reflect one-ninth of the cost of declared bonus.

        For Prudential's current overseas operations, the application of the MSB (which permits the use of local GAAP in some circumstances) varies depending upon the basis of accounting applied prior to IFRS adoption or acquisition by Prudential, and whether adjustments to the basis or a more appropriate method should be applied. For Jackson, applying the MSB as applicable to overseas operations, which permits the application of local GAAP in some circumstances, the assets and liabilities of insurance contracts are accounted for under insurance accounting prescribed by US GAAP. For the assets and liabilities of insurance contracts of Prudential's current Asian operations, the local GAAP is applied with adjustments, where necessary, to comply with UK GAAP. For the operations in Taiwan, Vietnam and Japan, countries where local GAAP is not appropriate in the context of the previously applied MSB, accounting for insurance contracts is based on US GAAP. For participating business the liabilities include provisions for the policyholders' interest in realized investment gains and other surpluses that, where appropriate, and in particular for Vietnam, have yet to be declared as bonuses.

        The usage of these bases of accounting has varying effects on the way in which product options and guarantees are measured. For UK regulated with-profits funds, options and guarantees are valued on a market consistent basis. For other operations a market consistent basis is not applied.

        In Prudential's US operations for the Guaranteed Minimum Death Benefit ("GMDB") and "for life" Guaranteed Minimum Withdrawal Benefit ("GMWB") features which are valued in accordance with US GAAP for IFRS purposes, the difference in approach to valuing these liabilities and the attaching hedging derivatives, together with the effect of other factors in the hedging program for these liabilities gives rise to net hedging gains and losses, which are variable from period to period.

Valuation and accounting presentation of fair value movements of derivatives and debt securities of Jackson

        Under IAS 39, derivatives are required to be carried at fair value. Unless net investment hedge accounting is applied, value movements on derivatives are recognized in the income statement. With the exception of value movements on derivatives held for variable annuities and other equity hedging activities, the value movements on derivatives held by Jackson are separately identified within the supplementary analysis of profit in the category of short-term fluctuations in investment returns. Derivative value movements in respect of equity risk within variable annuity business and other equity related hedging activities are included within the operating profit based on longer-term investment return.

        For derivative instruments of Jackson, Prudential has considered whether it is appropriate to undertake the necessary operational changes to qualify for hedge accounting so as to achieve matching of value movements in hedging instruments and hedged items in the performance statements. In reaching the decision a number of factors were particularly relevant. These were:

    IAS 39 hedging criteria have been designed primarily in the context of hedging and hedging instruments that are assessable as financial instruments that are either stand-alone or separable from host contracts, rather than, for example, duration characteristics of insurance contracts;

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    the high hurdle levels under IAS 39 of ensuring hedge effectiveness at the level of individual hedge transactions;

    the difficulties in applying the macro hedge provisions under IAS 39 (which are more suited to banking arrangements) to Jackson's derivative book;

    the complexity of asset and liability matching of US life insurers such as those with Jackson's product range; and

    whether it is possible or desirable, without an unacceptable level of costs and constraint on commercial activity, to achieve the accounting hedge effectiveness required under IAS 39.

        Taking account of these considerations Prudential has decided that, except for certain minor categories of derivatives, it is not appropriate to seek to achieve hedge accounting under IAS 39. As a result of this decision, the total income statement results are more volatile as the movements in the value of Jackson's derivatives are reflected within it.

        Under IAS 39, unless carried at amortized cost (subject to impairment provisions where appropriate) under the held-to-maturity category, debt securities are also carried at fair value. Prudential has chosen not to classify any financial assets as held-to-maturity. Debt securities of Jackson are designated as available-for-sale, with value movements less impairments being recorded as movements within other comprehensive income. Impairment losses are recorded in the income statement.

Presentation of results before tax

        The total tax charge for Prudential reflects tax that in addition to relating to shareholders' profits is also attributable to policyholders and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds and unit-linked policies. However, pre-tax profits are determined after transfers to or from unallocated surplus of with-profits funds. These transfers are in turn determined after taking account of tax borne by with-profits funds. Consequently, reported profit before the total tax charge is not representative of pre-tax profits attributable to shareholders. In order to provide a measure of pre-tax profits attributable to shareholders Prudential has chosen to adopt an income statement presentation of the tax charge and pre-tax results that distinguishes policyholder and shareholder components.

Segmental analysis of results and earnings attributable to shareholders

        Prudential uses operating profit based on longer-term investment returns as the segmental measure of its results. The basis of calculation is disclosed in the paragraph in this section entitled "Analysis of IFRS basis operating profit based on longer-term investment returns and IFRS total profit".

        For shareholder-backed business, with the exception of debt securities held by Jackson and assets classified as loans and receivables, all financial investments and investment property are designated as assets at fair value through profit and loss. Short-term fluctuations in investment returns on such assets held by with-profits funds, do not affect directly reported shareholder results. This is because (i) the unallocated surplus of with-profits funds is accounted for as a liability and (ii) excess or deficits of income and expenditure of the funds over the required surplus for distribution are transferred to or from unallocated surplus. However, for shareholder-backed businesses the short-term fluctuations affect the result for the year, and Prudential provides additional analysis of results to provide information on results before and after short-term fluctuations in investment returns.

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Summary Consolidated Results and Basis of Preparation of Analysis

        The following table shows Prudential's consolidated total profit (loss) for the periods indicated.

 
   
  Six Months Ended
June 30,
   
 
   
  2010   2009    
 
   
  (In £ Millions)
   

Total revenue, net of reinsurance

        17,037     13,717    

Total charges, net of reinsurance

        (16,433 )   (13,872 )  
                 

Profit (loss) before tax (being tax attributable to shareholders' and policyholders' returns)*

        604     (155 )  

Tax (charge) credit attributable to policyholders' returns

        (11 )   79    
                 

Profit (loss) before tax attributable to shareholders

        593     (76 )  
     

Tax charge

        (160 )   (103 )  

Less: tax attributable to policyholders' returns

        11     (79 )  
     

Tax charge attributable to shareholders' returns

        (149 )   (182 )  
                 

Profit (loss) for the period

        444     (258 )  
                 

*
This measure is the formal loss before tax measure under IFRS but it is not the result attributable to shareholders. See "Presentation of results before tax" under "IFRS Critical Accounting Policies" section above for further explanation.

        Under IFRS, the pre-tax GAAP measure of profits is profit before policyholder and shareholder taxes. This measure is not relevant for reflecting pre-tax results attributable to shareholders for two reasons. Firstly, this profit measure represents the aggregate of pre-tax results attributable to shareholders and a pre-tax amount attributable to policyholders. Secondly, the amount is determined after charging the transfer to the liability for unallocated surplus, which in turn is determined in part by policyholder taxes borne by the ring-fenced with-profits funds. It is noted that this circular feature is specific to with-profits funds in the UK, and other similarly structured overseas funds, and should be distinguished from other products, which are referred to as "with-profits" and the general accounting treatment of premium or other policy taxes.

        Accordingly, Prudential has chosen to explain its consolidated results by reference to profits for the period, reflecting profit after tax. In explaining movements in profit for the period, reference is made to trends in profit before shareholder tax and the shareholder tax charge. The explanations of movement in profit before shareholder tax are shown below by reference to the profit analysis applied for segmental disclosure as shown in Note C of the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements. This basis is used by management and reported externally to the UK shareholders and the UK financial market. Separately, in this section, analysis of movements in profits before shareholder tax is provided by nature of revenue and charges.


Explanation of Movements in Profits After Tax and Profits Before Shareholder
Tax by Reference to the Basis Applied for Segmental Disclosure

a)    Group overview

        The improvement in the result for the period from a loss of £258 million in the first six months of 2009 to a profit of £444 million in the first six months of 2010 reflects the movement in results before tax attributable to shareholders, which improved from a loss of £76 million in the first half of 2009 to a profit of £593 million in the first half of 2010, and the tax charge attributable to shareholders, which decreased from £182 million in the first half of 2009 to £149 million in the first half of 2010.

        The movement in profit before tax attributable to shareholders primarily reflects a £280 million increase in operating profit based on longer-term investment return and the impact of one-off items.

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While the profit before tax attributable to shareholders in the first half of 2010 was reduced by the terminated AIA transaction costs of £377 million, the first half of 2009 was adversely impacted by a £559 million loss on disposal of the Taiwan agency business as well as £216 million of IGD hedge costs. These movements are discussed in section b) below.

        The effective tax rate for the first half of 2010 for the tax charge against a profit before tax attributable to shareholders was 25 per cent, compared to an effective tax rate of negative 239 per cent for the first half of 2009 for the tax charge against loss before tax attributable to shareholders. The movement was principally due to the first half of 2009 being adversely impacted by the loss on disposal of the Taiwan agency business receiving no tax relief and a restriction on the level of deferred tax asset that could be recognized within Jackson. The effective tax rate on operating profit based on longer-term investment returns for the first half of 2010 was 25 per cent, which compares with an effective tax rate of 26 per cent for the first half of 2009.

b)    Summary by business segment and geographical region

        Prudential's operating segments as determined under IFRS 8 are insurance operations split by geographic regions in which it conducts business, which are Asia, the United States and the United Kingdom, and asset management operations split into M&G, which is Prudential's UK and European asset management business, the Asian asset management business and the US broker-dealer and asset management business (including Curian).

        The following table shows Prudential's IFRS consolidated total profit (loss) for the periods after tax indicated presented by summary business segment and geographic region. The accounting policies applied to the segments below are the same as those used in Prudential's consolidated accounts.

 
  Six Months Ended
June 30, 2010
 
 
  Asia   US   UK   Unallocated
corporate
  Total  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Insurance operations

    255     236     295         786  

Asset management**

    28     9     98         135  
                       

Total profit attributable to the segments

    283     245     393         921  

Unallocated corporate***

                (477 )   (477 )
                       

Total profit (loss) for the period

    283     245     393     (477 )   444  
                       

 

 
  Six Months Ended
June 30, 2009
 
 
  Asia   US   UK   Unallocated
corporate
  Total  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Insurance operations

    (465 )*   206     185         (74 )

Asset management**

    16     (2 )   77         91  
                       

Total (loss) profit attributable to the segments

    (449 )   204     262         17  

Unallocated corporate***

                (275 )   (275 )
                       

Total (loss) profit for the period

    (449 )   204     262     (275 )   (258 )
                       

*
Includes the loss on the sale of the Taiwan agency business of £559 million. Excluding this amount, there would be a profit for the first half of 2009 for Asian insurance operations of £94 million.

**
For the US, including the broker dealer business and Curian.

***
The results for unallocated corporate for the six months to June 30, 2010 and June 30, 2009 include the impacts of the costs of the terminated AIA transaction and the IGD hedging respectively.

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Profit from insurance operations

        Total profit from insurance operations in the first half of 2010 was £786 million compared to a loss of £74 million in the first half of 2009. All of the profits from insurance operations in the first half of 2010 and 2009 were from continuing operations. The 2009 figure includes the loss on sale of £559 million for the Taiwan agency business, the disposal of which was completed in June 2009 but did not qualify as a discontinued operation under IFRS. The movement in profits for insurance operations can be summarized as follows:

 
  Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
 
  2010   2009  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Profit before shareholder tax

    1,045     194  

Shareholder tax

    (259 )   (268 )
           

Profit (loss) after tax

    786     (74 )
           

        The significant increase of £851 million in profit before tax attributable to shareholders in the first half of 2010 compared to the first half of 2009 primarily reflects an increase in operating profit based on longer-term investment returns of the insurance operations and the results of the first half of 2009 being impacted by the loss on sale of the Taiwan agency business.

        The effective shareholder tax rate on profits from insurance operations decreased from 138 per cent in the first half of 2009 to 25 per cent in the first half of 2010. This was due primarily to the first half of 2009 being impacted by the loss on the sale of the Taiwan agency business for which no tax relief was received and a restriction on the level of deferred tax asset that could be recognized within Jackson.

        In order to understand how Prudential's results are derived, it is necessary to understand how profit emerges from its business. This varies from region to region, primarily due to differences in the nature of the products and regulatory environments in which Prudential operates.

Asia

Basis of profits

        The assets and liabilities of contracts classified as insurance under IFRS 4 are determined in accordance with methods prescribed by local GAAP and adjusted to comply, where necessary, with UK GAAP. Under IFRS 4, subject to the conditions of that standard, the continued application of UK GAAP in this respect is permitted.

        For Asian operations in countries where local GAAP is not well established and in which the business is primarily non-participating and linked business, US GAAP is used as the most appropriate reporting basis. This basis is applied in Japan, Vietnam and less materially following the sale of the agency business in 2009, in Taiwan. For with-profits business in Hong Kong, Singapore and Malaysia the basis of profit recognition is bonus driven as described under "United Kingdom—Basis of profits" section below.

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Comparison of total profit (loss) arising from Asian insurance operations

        The following table shows the movement in profit / (loss) arising from Asian insurance operations from the first half of 2009 to the first half of 2010:

 
  Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
 
  2010   2009  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Profit (loss) before shareholder tax

    300     (455 )

Shareholder tax

    (45 )   (10 )
           

Profit (loss) after tax

    255     (465 )
           

        The increase of £755 million from the loss before tax attributable to shareholders in the first half of 2009 of £455 million to a profit of £300 million in the first half of 2010 primarily reflects the one-off loss in the first half of 2009 of £559 million, arising on the sale of the Taiwan agency business completed in June 2009; a favorable change of £82 million in the short-term fluctuations in investment returns for shareholder-backed business and an increase of £52 million in operating profit based on longer-term investment returns.

        A one-off credit of £63 million arose in the first half of 2009 as a result of replacing the methodology for valuing the liabilities of the Malaysian life business by a method based on the Malaysian authority's risk-based capital framework on January 1, 2009. Excluding this one-off credit in the first half of 2009, operating profit based on longer-term investment returns increased by £115 million from the first half of 2009 to the first half of 2010.

        The effective shareholder tax rate changed from negative two per cent in the first half of 2009 to 15 per cent in the first half of 2010, with the movement principally due to there being no tax relief on the loss relating to the sale of the Taiwan agency business in June 2009.

United States

Basis of profits

        The underlying profit on Jackson's business predominantly arises from spread income from interest-sensitive products, such as fixed annuities, institutional products and fee income on variable annuity business with the insurance assets and liabilities of the business measured on a US GAAP basis. In addition, the results in any period include the incidence of gains and losses on assets classified as available-for-sale, and fair value movements on derivatives and securities classified as fair valued through profit and loss.

Comparison of total profit arising from US insurance operations

        The following table shows the movement in profits arising from US insurance operations from the first half of 2009 to the first half of 2010:

 
  Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
 
  2010   2009  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Profit before shareholder tax

    330     382  

Shareholder tax

    (94 )   (176 )
           

Profit after tax

    236     206  
           

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        Of the £52 million decrease in profit before tax attributable to shareholders for the first half of 2010 against the comparative period in 2009, the main drivers were an adverse change of £285 million in the short-term fluctuations in investment returns reflected in the income statement, partially offset by an increase of £233 million in operating profit based on longer-term investment returns.

        The increase in operating profit based on longer-term investment returns was primarily due to higher separate account fee income and higher spread income in the first half of 2010 when compared with the first of 2009. Jackson also benefited from a £123 million net equity hedging gain, in the first half of 2010 compared with a £23 million net equity hedging loss in the first half of 2009. Jackson hedges the product economics rather than the accounting results, and higher hedging gains were primarily the result of market movements in the first half of 2010 compared with the first half of 2009, and the accounting differences that arise as the liabilities for certain guaranteed minimum death and withdrawal benefits which are not marked to fair value similarly to the hedging instruments. Hedging results also benefited from Jackson's separate account outperforming the overall market.

        The adverse movement in short-term fluctuation in investment returns was driven by market value movements in the first half of 2010 compared with the first half of 2009. The effective tax rate on profits from US operations decreased from 46 per cent in the first half of 2009 to 29 per cent in the first half of 2010. The movement was caused mainly by the first half of 2009 being impacted by a restriction on the level of deferred tax asset that could be recognized within Jackson.

United Kingdom

Basis of profits

        Prudential's results comprise an annual profit distribution to shareholders from its UK long-term with-profits fund, hereafter referred to as the with-profits fund, as well as profits from its other businesses. For most of Prudential's operations, other than its UK long-term insurance operations, the IFRS basis of accounting matches items of income and related expenditure within the same accounting period. This is achieved through the deferral of acquisition costs and application of the accruals concept.

With-profits products

        For Prudential's UK insurance operations, the primary annual contribution to shareholders' profit comes from its with-profits products. With-profits products are designed to provide policyholders with smoothed investment returns through a mix of regular and final bonuses.

        Shareholders' profit in respect of bonuses from with-profits products represents an amount of up to one-ninth of the value of that year's bonus declaration to policyholders. The board of directors of the subsidiary companies that have with-profits operations, using actuarial advice, determine the amount of regular and final bonuses to be declared each year on each group of contracts. The smoothing inherent in the bonus declarations provides for relatively stable annual shareholders' profit from this business.

Bonus rates

        Bonus rates are applied to with-profits policies in the UK and similar products in Singapore, Hong Kong and Malaysia. The most significant with-profits fund is in the UK where, as at June 30, 2010, liabilities to with-profits policyholders were in aggregate of £55.6 billion. Liabilities to with-profits policyholders in Asia as at June 30, 2010 were £10.1 billion. The details that follow are in respect of the UK with-profits business. The method by which bonuses for Prudential's Asia with-profits business are determined is substantially similar to the method by which bonuses for Prudential's UK with-profits business are determined.

        The main factors that influence the determination of bonus rates are the return on the investments of the with-profits fund, the effect of inflation, taxation, the expenses of the fund chargeable to

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policyholders and the degree to which investment returns are smoothed. The overall rate of return earned on investments and the expectation of future investment returns are the most important influences on bonus rates. A high proportion of the assets backing the with-profits business are invested in equities and real estate. If the financial strength of the with-profits fund were adversely affected, then a higher proportion of fixed interest or similar assets might be held by the fund.

        Further details on the determination of the two types of bonus ("regular" and "final"), the application of significant judgment, key assumptions and the degree of smoothing of investment returns in determining the bonus rates are provided below.

Regular bonus rates

        For regular bonuses, the bonus rates are determined for each type of policy primarily by targeting the bonus level at a prudent proportion of the long-term expected future investment return on underlying assets. The expected future investment return is reduced as appropriate for each type of policy to allow for items such as expenses, charges, tax and shareholders' transfers. However, the rates declared may differ by product type, or by the date of payment of the premium or date of issue of the policy or if the accumulated annual bonuses are particularly high or low relative to a prudent proportion of the achieved investment return.

        When target bonus levels change, the PAC board of directors has regard to the overall strength of the long-term fund when determining the length of time over which it will seek to achieve the amended prudent target bonus level.

        In normal investment conditions, PAC expects changes in regular bonus rates to be gradual over time, and these are not expected to exceed one per cent per annum over any year. However, the directors of PAC retain the discretion whether or not to declare a regular bonus each year, and there is no limit on the amount by which regular bonus rates can change.

Final bonus rates

        A final bonus, which is normally declared yearly, may be added when a claim is paid or when units of a unitized product are realized.

        The rates of final bonus usually vary by type of policy and by reference to the period, usually a year, in which the policy commences or each premium is paid. These rates are determined by reference to the asset shares for the sample policies but subject to the smoothing approach, explained below.

        In general, the same final bonus scale applies to maturity, death and surrender claims except that:

    the total surrender value may be impacted by the application of a Market Value Reduction ("MVR") (for accumulating with-profits policies) and is affected by the surrender bases (for conventional with-profits business); and

    for the Scottish Amicable Insurance Fund ("SAIF") and Scottish Amicable Life ("SAL"), the final bonus rates applicable on surrender may be adjusted to reflect expected future bonus rates.

Application of significant judgment

        The application of the above method for determining bonuses requires the PAC board of directors to apply significant judgment in many respects, including in particular the following:

    Determining what constitutes fair treatment of customers: Prudential is required by UK law and regulation to consider the fair treatment of its customers in setting bonus levels. The concept of determining what constitutes fair treatment, while established by statute, is not defined.

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    Smoothing of investment returns: Smoothing of investment returns is an important feature of with-profits products. Determining when particular circumstances, such as a significant rise or fall in market values, warrant variations in the standard bonus smoothing limits that apply in normal circumstances requires the PAC Board to exercise significant judgment.

    Determining at what level to set bonuses to ensure that they are competitive: The overall return to policyholders is an important competitive measure for attracting new business.

Key assumptions

        As noted above, the overall rate of return on investments and the expectation of future investment returns are the most important influences in bonus rates, subject to the smoothing described below. Prudential determines the assumptions to apply in respect of these factors, including the effects of reasonably likely changes in key assumptions, in the context of the overarching discretionary and smoothing framework that applies to its with-profits business as described above. As such, it is not possible to quantify specifically the effects of each of these assumptions or of reasonably likely changes in these assumptions.

        Prudential's approach, in applying significant judgment and discretion in relation to determining bonus rates, is consistent conceptually with the approach adopted by other firms that manage a with-profits business. It is also consistent with the requirements of UK law, which require all UK firms that carry out a with-profits business to define, and make publicly available, the Principles and Practices of Financial Management ("PPFM") that are applied in the management of their with-profits funds.

        Accordingly, Prudential's PPFM contains an explanation of how it determines regular and final bonus rates within the discretionary framework that applies to all with-profits policies, subject to the general legislative requirements applicable. The purpose of Prudential's PPFM is therefore to:

    explain the nature and extent of the discretion available;

    show how competing or conflicting interests or expectations of different groups and generations of policyholders, and policyholders and shareholders are managed so that all policyholders and shareholders are treated fairly; and

    provide a knowledgeable observer (e.g. a financial adviser) with an understanding of the material risks and rewards from starting and continuing to invest in a with-profits policy with Prudential.

        Furthermore, in accordance with industry-wide regulatory requirements, the PAC Board has appointed:

    an Actuarial Function Holder who provides the PAC board of directors with all actuarial advice;

    a With-Profits Actuary whose specific duty is to advise the PAC board of directors on the reasonableness and proportionality of the manner in which its discretion has been exercised in applying the PPFM and the manner in which any conflicting interests have been addressed; and

    a With-Profits Committee of independent individuals, which assesses the degree of compliance with the PPFM and the manner in which conflicting rights have been addressed.

Smoothing of investment return

        In determining bonus rates for the UK with-profits policies, smoothing is applied to the allocation of the overall earnings of the UK with-profits fund of which the investment return is a significant element. The smoothing approach differs between accumulating and conventional with-profits policies to reflect the different contract features. In normal circumstances, Prudential does not expect most payout values on policies of the same duration to change by more than 10 per cent up or down from one year to the next, although some larger changes may occur to balance payout values between different policies.

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Greater flexibility may be required in certain circumstances, for example following a significant rise or fall in market values, and in such situations the PAC board of directors may decide to vary the standard bonus smoothing limits in order to protect the overall interests of policyholders.

Unallocated surplus

        The unallocated surplus represents the excess of assets over policyholder liabilities of Prudential's with-profits funds. The annual excess or shortfall of income over expenditure of the with-profits funds after declaration and attribution of the cost of bonuses to policyholders and shareholders is transferred to, or from, the unallocated surplus through a charge or credit to the income statement. The balance retained in the unallocated surplus represents cumulative income arising on the with-profits business that has not been allocated to policyholders or shareholders. The balance of the unallocated surplus is determined after full provision for deferred tax on unrealized appreciation on investments.

        Changes to the level of the unallocated surplus do not directly impact shareholders' results or funds. After allowing for differences in the basis of preparation of the financial information and UK regulatory returns, movements in the level of the unallocated surplus are broadly indicative of movements in the excess of regulatory basis assets over liabilities of the fund. Differences in the basis of preparation of financial statements and UK regulatory returns arise principally from the treatment of certain regulatory basis liabilities, such as mismatching reserves (that are accounted for as reserves within the unallocated surplus), and asset valuation differences and admissibility deductions reflected in the regulatory returns. Except to the extent of any second order effects on other elements of the regulatory returns, such changes can be expected to have a consequent effect on the excess of assets over liabilities of the fund for the purposes of solvency calculations, and the related free asset ratio which is an indicator of the overall financial strength of the fund. Similar principles apply to Prudential's Asian with-profits business.

Surplus assets and their use

        The liability for unallocated surplus comprises amounts Prudential expects to pay to policyholders in the future, the related shareholder transfers and surplus assets. These surplus assets have accumulated over many years from a variety of sources and provide the with-profits fund with working capital. This working capital permits Prudential to invest a substantial portion of the assets of the with-profits fund in equity securities and real estate, smooth investment returns to with-profits policyholders, keep its products competitive, write new business without being constrained as to cash flows in the early policy years and demonstrate solvency.

        In addition, Prudential can use surplus assets to absorb the costs of significant events, such as fundamental strategic change in its long-term business, and, with the consent of the UK regulator, the cost of its historical pensions mis-selling, without affecting the level of distributions to policyholders and shareholders. The costs of fundamental strategic change may include investment in new technology, redundancy and restructuring costs, cost overruns on new business and the funding of other appropriate long-term insurance related activities, including acquisitions.

The "SAIF" and "PAL" funds

        Prudential's with-profits fund includes the Scottish Amicable Insurance Fund ("SAIF") and the wholly-owned subsidiary, Prudential Annuities Limited ("PAL"). All assets of the SAIF business are solely attributable to former policyholders of Scottish Amicable Life Assurance Society (predating the acquisition of Scottish Amicable by Prudential in October 1997). Since PAL is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the with-profits fund, profits from this business affect shareholders' profits only to the extent that they affect the annual with-profits bonus declaration and resultant transfer to shareholders.

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Accounting for with-profits business

        For with-profits business (including non-participating business of Prudential Annuities Limited which is owned by the PAC with-profits fund), adjustments to liabilities and any related tax effects are recognized in the income statement. However, except for any impact on the annual declaration of bonuses, shareholder profit for with-profits business is unaffected. This is because IFRS basis profits for the with-profits business, which are determined on the same basis as on preceding UK GAAP, solely reflect one-ninth of the cost of bonuses declared for the year.

Fair value of assets

        Changes in the fair value of assets of Prudential's long-term with-profits funds will primarily be reflected in the excess of assets over liabilities recorded as the unallocated surplus. Shareholders' profits from with-profits business and shareholders' funds are not directly impacted by movements in the fair values of the assets. However, current investment performance is a factor that is taken into account in the setting of the annual declaration of bonuses which, in turn, affects UK shareholder profits to the extent of one-ninth of the cost of bonus.

Investment returns

        For with-profits business, investment returns together with other income and expenditure are recorded within the income statement. However, the difference between net income of the fund and the cost of bonuses and related statutory transfers is reflected in an amount transferred to, or from, the unallocated surplus within the income statement. Except to the extent of current investment returns being taken into account in the setting of a bonus policy, the investment returns of a with-profits fund in a particular year do not affect shareholder profits or with-profits funds.

Comparison of total profit arising from UK insurance operations

        Profit after tax from UK insurance operations increased by £110 million from £185 million in the first half of 2009 to £295 million in the first half of 2010:

        The following table shows the movement in profits arising from UK insurance operations from the first half of 2009 to the first half of 2010:

 
  Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
 
  2010   2009  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Profit before shareholder tax

    415     267  

Shareholder tax

    (120 )   (82 )
           

Profit after tax

    295     185  
           

        The increase in profit before tax attributable to shareholders of £148 million primarily reflects a favorable change in the value of short-term fluctuations in investment returns of the shareholder-backed business of £156 million. The short-term fluctuation gain of the first half of 2010 reflects asset value movements principally on the shareholder-backed annuity business. Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns remained flat at £330 million both for the first half of 2010 and the first half of 2009. Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns included general insurance commissions of £23 million in the first half of 2010 compared with £27 million for the first half of 2009.

        The effective shareholder tax rate on profits from UK insurance operations for the first half of 2010 of 29 per cent compares with an effective tax rate of 31 per cent in the first half of 2009.

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Profit from asset management

        Total profit from asset management increased from £91 million in the first half of 2009 to £135 million in the first half of 2010.

        The following table shows the movement in profits from asset management from the first half of 2009 to the first half of 2010:

 
  Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
 
  2010   2009  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Profit before shareholder tax

    190     126  

Shareholder tax

    (55 )   (35 )
           

Profit after tax

    135     91  
           

        The £64 million increase in profit before tax attributable to shareholders resulted mainly from an increase in profit generated by M&G, which increased from a profit before tax of £103 million in the first half of 2009 to a profit before tax of £139 million in the first half of 2010. In addition, Prudential's Asian asset management operations and US broker dealer and asset management operations experienced improved performances, with profit before shareholder tax increasing by £15 million and £13 million respectively from the first half of 2009 to the first half of 2010.

        The £36 million increase in profit before tax attributable to M&G reflected a favorable movement of £41 million in operating profit based on longer-term investment returns, which was driven by higher equity market levels, strong investment net-inflows, particularly in retail business, and increased sales of more profitable equity products. The first half of 2010 also experienced a favorable movement in short-term fluctuations of £9 million compared with the first half of 2009, which was partially offset by an increase in actuarial losses on defined benefit pension schemes of £14 million to £16 million in the first half of 2010, compared to £2 million in the first half of 2009.

        The effective tax rate on profits from asset management operations increased from 28 per cent in the first half of 2009 to 29 per cent in the first half of 2010.

Unallocated corporate result

        Total net of tax charges for unallocated corporate activity increased by £202 million from £275 million in the first half of 2009 to £477 million in the first half of 2010.

        The following table shows the movement in the unallocated corporate result from the first half of 2009 to the first half of 2010:

 
  Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
 
  2010   2009  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Loss before shareholder tax

    (642 )   (396 )

Shareholder tax

    165     121  
           

Loss after tax

    (477 )   (275 )
           

        The loss before shareholder tax in the first half of 2010 of £642 million includes costs of £377 million incurred in relation to the proposed, and now terminated, transaction to purchase AIA Group Limited, comprising a termination break fee of £153 million payable to AIG, underwriting and adviser and other costs of £124 million and costs associated with foreign exchange hedging of £100 million. Further details of these costs are presented in Note G of Prudential's unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements. The period-on-period movement in loss before shareholder tax

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also resulted from an adverse movement in other income and expenditure (including restructuring and Solvency II implementation costs) of £74 million, from £191 million in the first half of 2009 to £265 million in the first half of 2010 offset by a favorable change in short-term fluctuations in investment returns to £nil in the first half of 2010 from a loss of £144 million in the first half of 2009 and a favorable change of £61 million in actuarial gains and losses on Prudential's defined benefit pension schemes.

        The increase of £74 million in net other expenditure primarily reflects an increase in interest payable on core structural borrowings, lower returns on central funds and Solvency II implementation costs incurred in the first half of 2010 of £22 million.

        The favorable change in the short-term fluctuations in investment returns was mainly the result of the first half of 2009 including a one-off £216 million cost arising from the hedge temporarily put in place during the first quarter of 2009 to protect Prudential's IGD capital surplus. During the extreme equity market conditions experienced in the first quarter of 2009, with historically high equity volatilities, Prudential entered into exceptional overlay short-dated hedging contracts to protect against potential tail events on the IGD capital position, in addition to its regular operational hedging programs. The hedge contracts expired in 2009 and have not been renewed.

        The change in the actuarial and other gains and losses on Prudential's defined benefit pension schemes was primarily due to the first half of 2009 including the shareholder's share of the actuarial losses relating to the Scottish Amicable Pension Scheme, which were reallocated to UK insurance operations from the second half of 2009 onwards.

        The effective tax rate on unallocated corporate result decreased from 30 per cent in the first half of 2009 to 26 per cent in the first half of 2010 due primarily to the inability to fully recognize a tax credit on the costs incurred in relation to the terminated AIA transaction in the first half of 2010 and the inability to recognize a deferred tax asset on various tax losses in the first half of 2009.

c)    Additional explanation of performance measures and analysis of consolidated results by business segment and geographical region

        Prudential uses a performance measure of operating profit based on longer-term investment returns. The directors believe that this performance measure better reflects underlying performance. It is the basis used by management for the reasons outlined below. It is also the basis on which analysis of Prudential's results has been provided to UK shareholders and the UK financial market for some years under long standing conventions for reporting by proprietary UK life assurers.

        Prudential determines and presents operating segments based on the information that internally is provided to the Group Executive Committee ("GEC"), which is Prudential's chief operating decision maker.

        An operating segment is a component of Prudential that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses, including revenues and expenses that relate to transactions with any of Prudential's other components. An operating segment's operating results are reviewed regularly by the GEC to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance, and for which discrete financial information is available.

        The operating segments identified by Prudential reflect its organizational structure, which is by both geography (Asia, US, UK) and by product line (insurance operations versus asset management). Prudential's operating segments as determined under IFRS 8 are:

    Insurance operations

    Asia

    US (Jackson)

    UK

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    Asset management operations

    M&G

    Asian asset management

    US broker dealer and asset management (including Curian).

        Prudential Capital has been incorporated into the M&G operating segment for the purposes of segment reporting.

        The performance measure of operating segments utilized by Prudential is operating profit based on longer term investment returns attributable to shareholders. Longer-term investment returns included within the performance measure are determined by reference to expected long-term rates of return. These are intended to reflect historical rates of return on assets and, where appropriate, current inflation expectations adjusted for consensus economic and investment forecasts. The overriding reason for distinguishing longer-term investment returns from short-term fluctuations is that the investments are generally held for the longer-term to back long duration insurance contract liabilities and solvency capital rather than for short-term trading purposes. Furthermore, the income statement recognition of investment appreciation, short-term value movements on derivatives, and the charge for the policyholder benefits under IFRS 4 give rise to accounting mismatches that are not representative of the underlying economic position.

        In addition to excluding the recurrent items of short-term fluctuations in investment returns, operating profit also excludes the shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes. Also, for the first half of 2010 this measure excluded costs associated with the terminated AIA transaction. For the first half of 2009, it excluded the non-recurrent cost of hedging Prudential's IGD capital surplus included within short-term fluctuations in investment returns. Furthermore, in the first half of 2009, Prudential sold its Taiwan agency business. In order to facilitate comparisons on a like-for-like basis, the loss on sale and the results of the Taiwan agency business during the period of ownership are shown separately within the segmental analysis of profit. Segment results that are reported to the GEC include items directly attributable to a segment as well as those that can be allocated on a reasonable basis. Unallocated items are mainly in relation to the Group Head Office and Asia Regional Head Office.

        For the purposes of measuring operating profit, investment returns on shareholder-financed business are based on the expected longer-term rates of return. This reflects the particular features of long-term insurance business where assets and liabilities are held for the long term and for which the accounting basis for insurance liabilities under current IFRS is not generally conducive to demonstrating trends in underlying performance for life businesses exclusive of changes in market conditions. In determining profit on this basis, the following key elements are applied to the results of Prudential's shareholder-financed operations.

Debt and equity securities

        Longer-term investment returns comprise income and longer-term capital returns. For debt securities, the longer-term capital returns comprise two elements. These are a risk margin reserve ("RMR") based charge for expected defaults, which is determined by reference to the credit quality of the portfolio, and amortization of interest-related realized gains and losses to operating results based on longer-term investment returns to the date when sold bonds would have otherwise matured. The shareholder-financed operation for which the risk margin reserve charge is most significant is Jackson National Life. During the second half of 2009, the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) changed its approach to the determination of regulatory ratings of residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS), using an external third party, PIMCO, to develop regulatory ratings details for more than 20,000 RMBS securities owned by US insurers at end of 2009. Jackson has used the ratings

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resulting from this model to determine the average annual RMR for the first half of 2010 and full year 2009, as this is considered more relevant information for the RMBS securities concerned than the previous approach of using ratings by Nationally Recognized Statistical Ratings Organizations (NRSRO). However, this has no impact on the valuation applied to those securities within the IFRS statement of financial position and there is no impact to IFRS profit before tax or shareholders' equity as a result of this change.

Derivative value movements

        Value movements for Jackson's equity-based derivatives and variable annuity and fixed index product embedded derivatives are included in operating profit based on longer-term investment returns. To ensure these reflect longer-term movements, the fair value movement included in operating profit is based on longer-term equity volatility levels and long-term average AA corporate bond rate curves, with the movement relating to change in current rates being included in short-term fluctuations. The operating profits based on longer-term investment returns explicitly include:

    the fair value movement in free-standing hedging derivatives, excluding the impact of the difference between longer-term and current period implied equity volatility levels as mentioned above;

    the movement in liabilities for those embedded derivative liabilities which are fair valued in accordance with IFRS, primarily Guaranteed Minimum Withdrawal Benefit ("GMWB") "not for life" and fixed index annuity business, excluding the impacts of the differences between longer-term and current period equity volatility and incorporating 10-year average yield curves, in lieu of current period yield curves;

    movements in IFRS basis guarantee liabilities for GMWB "for life", being those policies where a minimum annual withdrawal is permitted for the duration of the policyholder's life subject to certain conditions, and GMDB business for which, under the US GAAP rules applied under IFRS, the reserving methodology under US GAAP principles generally gives rise to a muted impact of current period market movements; and

    related changes to the amortization of deferred acquisition costs for each of the above items.

        The effects of the above components give rise to variable gains and losses arising from the differing measuring basis between some assets and liabilities. This is further discussed in note E (ii) to the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements.

        Other derivative value movements are excluded from operating results based on longer-term investment returns. These derivatives are primarily held by Jackson as part of a broadly based hedging program for features of Jackson's bond portfolio (for which value movements are booked in the statement of comprehensive income rather than income statement) and product liabilities (for which US GAAP accounting does not reflect the economic features being hedged).

        These key elements are of most importance in determining the operating results based on longer-term investment returns of Jackson.

        There are two exceptions to the basis described above for determining operating results based on longer-term investment returns. These are for:

    Unit-linked and US variable annuity separate account business.

        For such business, the policyholder liabilities are directly reflective of the asset value movements. Accordingly, all asset value movements are recorded in the operating results based on longer-term investment returns.

    Assets covering non-participating business liabilities that are interest rate sensitive.

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        For UK annuity business, policyholder liabilities are determined by reference to current interest rates. The value movements of the assets covering liabilities are closely correlated with the related change in liabilities. Accordingly, asset value movements are recorded within the operating results based on longer-term investment returns. Policyholder liabilities include a margin for credit risk. Variations between actual and best estimate expected impairments are recorded as a component of short-term fluctuations in investment returns.

Liabilities to policyholders and embedded derivatives for product guarantees

        Under IFRS, the degree to which the carrying values of liabilities to policyholders are sensitive to current market conditions varies between territories depending upon the nature of the 'grandfathered' measurement basis. In general, in those instances where the liabilities are particularly sensitive to routine changes in market conditions, the accounting basis is such that the impact of market movements on the assets and liabilities are broadly equivalent in the income statement, and operating profit based on longer-term investment returns is not distorted. In these circumstances there is no need for the movement in the liability to be bifurcated between the element that relates to longer-term market conditions and short-term effects.

        However, some types of business movements in liabilities do require bifurcation to ensure that at the net level (i.e. after allocated investment returns and change for policyholder benefits) the operating result reflects longer-term market returns.

        Examples where such bifurcation is necessary are:

Asia

Vietnamese participating business

        For the participating business in Vietnam, the liabilities include policyholders' interest in investment appreciation and other surplus. Bonuses paid in a reporting period and accrued policyholder interest in investment appreciation and other surpluses primarily reflect the level of realized investment gains above contract-specific hurdle levels. For this business operating profit based on longer-term investment returns includes the aggregate of longer-term returns on the relevant investments, a credit or charge equal to movements on the liability for the policyholders' interest in realized investment gains (net of any recovery of prior deficits on the participating pool), less amortization over five years of current and prior movements on such credits or charges.

        The overall purpose of these adjustments is to ensure that investment returns included in operating results equal longer-term returns but that in any one reporting period movements on liabilities to policyholders caused by investment returns are substantially matched in the presentation of the segmental analysis of profit before tax attributable to policyholders.

Non-participating business

        Liabilities are bifurcated so that the movement in the carrying value of liabilities is split between that which is included in operating results based on longer-term investment returns, and the residual element for the effect of using year end rates is included in short-term fluctuations and in the income statement.

Guaranteed Minimum Death Benefit product features

        For unhedged Guaranteed Minimum Death Benefit ("GMDB") liabilities accounted for under IFRS using 'grandfathered' US GAAP, such as in the Japanese business, the change in carrying value is determined under FASB Accounting Standards Codification Subtopic 944-80 (formerly SOP 03-1), which partially reflects changes in market conditions. Under Prudential's supplementary basis of reporting, the

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operating profit based on longer-term investment returns reflects the change in liability based on longer-term market conditions with the difference between the charge to the operating result and the movement reflected in the total result included in short-term fluctuations in investment returns.

US operations—embedded derivatives for variable annuity guarantee features

        Under IFRS, the "not for life" GMWB is required to be fair valued as an embedded derivative. The movements in carrying values are affected by changes in the equity market levels, as well as the level of observed implied equity volatility and changes to the interest rates applied from period to period. For these embedded derivatives, the interest rates applied reflect current yield curve rates. For the purposes of determining operating profit based on longer-term investment returns, the charge for these features is determined using historical longer-term equity volatility levels and long-term average curves.

        The Guaranteed Minimum Income Benefit ("GMIB") liability, which is fully reinsured, subject to annual claim limits, is accounted for in accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification Subtopic 944-80 (formerly SOP 03-01). As the corresponding reinsurance asset is net settled, it is considered to be a derivative under IAS 39, and the asset is therefore recognized at fair value. As the GMIB benefit is economically reinsured, the mark to market element of the reinsurance asset is included as a component of short-term derivative fluctuation.

UK shareholder-backed annuity business

        With one exception, the operating result based on longer-term investment returns reflects the impact of all value movements on policyholder liabilities for annuity business in PRIL and the PAC non-profit sub-fund.

        The exception is for the impact on credit risk provisioning of actual downgrades during the period. As this feature arises due to short-term market conditions the effect of downgrades, if any, in a particular period, on the overall provisions for credit risks is included in the category of short-term fluctuations in investment returns.

        The effects of other changes to credit risk provisioning are included in the operating result, as is the net effect of changes to the valuation rate of interest applied to portfolio rebalancing to align more closely with the management benchmark.

Fund management and other non-insurance businesses

        For these businesses, the particular features applicable for life assurance noted above do not apply. For these businesses, it is inappropriate to include returns in the operating result on the basis described above. Instead, it is appropriate to generally include realized gains and losses (including impairments) in the operating result with unrealized gains and losses being included in short-term fluctuations. For this purpose impairments are calculated as the credit loss determined by comparing the projected cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rate with the carrying value. In some instances it may also be appropriate to amortize realized gains and losses on derivatives and other financial instruments to operating results over a time period that reflects the underlying substance of the arrangements.

Actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes

        Actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes principally reflect short-term value movements on scheme assets and the effects of changes in actuarial assumptions. Under Prudential's accounting policies these items are recorded within the income statement, rather than through other comprehensive income, solely due to the interaction of Prudential's approach to adoption of IFRS 4 for with-profits funds and the requirements of IAS 19.

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Reconciliation of total profit (loss) by business segment and geography to IFRS operating profit based on longer-term investment returns

Analysis of IFRS operating profit based on longer-term investment returns and IFRS total profit

        A reconciliation of profit (loss) before tax (including tax attributable to policyholders' returns) to profit (loss) before tax attributable to shareholders and profit (loss) for the period is shown below.

 
  Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
 
  2010   2009  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Insurance business

             

Long-term business(ii)

             
 

Asia

    262     212  
 

US(iv)

    450     217  
 

UK

    307     303  

Development expenses

    (3 )   (5 )
           

Long-term business profit

    1,016     727  

UK general insurance commission(v)

    23     27  

Asset management business

             
 

M&G

    143     102  
 

Asia asset management

    36     21  
 

Curian

    2     (3 )
 

US broker-dealer and asset management(iv)

    13     5  
           

    1,233     879  
           

Other income and expenditure

    (240 )   (179 )

Solvency II implementation costs

    (22 )    

Restructuring costs

    (3 )   (12 )
           

Total IFRS operating profit based on longer-term investment returns(i)

    968     688  

Short-term fluctuations in investment returns(vi)

             
 

Insurance operations

    14     61  
 

IGD hedge costs

        (216 )
 

Other operations

    12     75  
           

Total short-term fluctuations in investment returns

    26     (80 )

Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes(vii)

    (24 )   (63 )

Costs of terminated AIA transaction

    (377 )    

Loss on sale and results for Taiwan agency business(iii)

        (621 )
           

Profit (loss) from continuing operations before tax attributable to shareholders

    593     (76 )

Tax charge attributable to shareholders' returns

    (149 )   (182 )

Profit (loss) for the period

    444     (258 )

Non-controlling interests

    (2 )   4  
           

Total profit (loss) for the period attributable to equity holders of Prudential

    442     (254 )
           

Notes

(i)
Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns.


Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns is a supplemental measure of results and is the basis on which management regularly review the performance of Prudential's segments as defined by IFRS 8. For the purposes of measuring

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    operating profit, investment returns on shareholder- financed business are based on expected long-term rates of return as discussed above. The expected long-term rates of return are intended to reflect historical rates of return and, where appropriate, current inflation expectations adjusted for consensus economic and investment forecasts. The most significant operation that requires adjustment for the difference between actual and long-term investment returns is Jackson. The amounts included in operating results for long-term capital returns for Jackson's debt securities comprise two components. These are a risk margin reserve-based charge for long-term expected defaults, which is determined by reference to the credit quality of the portfolio, and amortization of interest-related realized gains and losses to operating results based on longer-term results to the date when sold bonds would otherwise have matured. Consistent with the policy of including longer-term investment returns in the measure of operating profit, movements in policyholder liabilities are also, where appropriate, delineated between amounts included in operating profit and movements arising from short-term market conditions, which are recorded in short-term fluctuations in investment returns.

(ii)
Effect of changes to assumptions, estimates and bases of determining life assurance liabilities.


The results of Prudential's long-term business operations are affected by changes to assumptions, estimates and bases of preparation. These are described in note E to the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements.

(iii)
Sale of Taiwan agency business.


In order to facilitate comparisons of operating profit based on longer-term investment returns that reflect Prudential's retained operations, the results attributable to the Taiwan business for which the sale process was completed in June 2009 are included separately within the supplementary analysis of profit for the first half of 2009.

(iv)
Jackson operating results based on longer-term investment returns.


The US insurance operating profit of £450 million includes £123 million of net equity hedging gains, net of related deferred acquisition costs ("DAC"), (first half of 2009: losses of £23 million) representing the movement in fair value of free standing derivatives included in operating profit and the movement in the accounting value of Jackson's variable and fixed index annuity products, of which a significant proportion are not fair valued. These net gains / losses are variable in nature.

(v)
UK operations transferred its general insurance business to Churchill in 2002, with general insurance commission representing the commission receivable (net of expenses) for Prudential branded general insurance products as part of this arrangement.

(vi)
Short-term fluctuations in investment returns on shareholder-backed business.

   
  Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
   
  2010   2009  
   
  (In £ Millions)
 
 

Insurance operations

             
   

Asia

    41     (41 )
   

US

    (120 )   165  
   

UK

    93     (63 )
 

Other operations

             
   

IGD hedge costs

        (216 )
   

Other

    12     75  
             
 

Total

    26     (80 )
             

General overview of defaults


Prudential did not incur any defaults in the first half of 2010 on its debt securities portfolio (first half of 2009: £11 million). The defaults of £11 million in the first half of 2009 were experienced primarily by the UK shareholder-backed annuity business. Jackson experienced less than £1 million of default losses during the first half of 2009.


Asian insurance operations


The fluctuations for Asian operations in the first half of 2010 were a gain of £41 million (first half of 2009: charge of £41 million) and primarily relate to unrealized gains on the shareholder debt portfolio in the period.

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US insurance operations


The short-term fluctuations in investment returns for US insurance operations comprise the following items:

   
  Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
   
  2010   2009  
   
  (In £ Millions)
 
 

Short-term fluctuations relating to debt securities:

             
 

Charges in the period (note 1)

             
   

Defaults

         
   

Losses on sales of impaired and deteriorating bonds

    (100 )   (44 )
   

Bond write downs

    (64 )   (324 )
   

Recoveries/reversals

    3     2  
             
 

    (161 )   (366 )
 

Less: Risk margin charge included in operating profit based on longer-term investment returns (note 2)

    36     41  
             
 

    (125 )   (325 )
             
 

Interest related realized gains (losses):

             
   

Arising in the period

    169     75  
   

Less: Amortization of gains and losses arising in current and prior periods to operating profit based on longer-term investment returns

    (47 )   (34 )
             
 

    122     41  
             
 

Related change to amortization of deferred acquisition costs

    (2 )   37  
             
 

Total short-term fluctuation related to debt securities

    (5 )   (247 )
 

Derivatives (other than equity related): market value movement (net of related change to amortization of deferred acquisition costs) (note 3)

    111     339  
 

Equity type investments: actual less longer-term return (net of related change to amortization of deferred acquisition costs) (note 2)

    1     (40 )
 

Equity-related derivatives: volatility and interest rate normalization (net of related change to amortization of deferred acquisition costs) (note 4)

    (238 )   91  
 

Other items (net of related change to amortization of deferred acquisition costs)

    11     22  
             
 

Total

    (120 )   165  
             
1.
The charges in the period relating to debt securities of Jackson comprise the following:

   
  Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
   
  2010   2009  
   
  (In £ Millions)
 
 

Residential mortgage-backed securities:

             
   

Prime

    7     123  
   

Alt-A

    26     98  
   

Sub prime

    6     18  
             
 

Total residential mortgage-backed securities

    39     239  
 

Piedmont securities

    25     5  
 

Corporates

        80  
 

Losses on sales of impaired and deteriorating bonds, net of recoveries

    97     42  
             
 

    161     366  
             

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2.
The risk margin reserve (RMR) charge for longer-term credit related losses for the first half of 2010 is based on an average annual RMR of 25 basis points (first half of 2009: 28 basis points) on an average book value of US$43.7 billion (first half of 2009: US$44.1 billion) as shown below:

 
  Six months ended June 30, 2010   Six months ended June 30, 2009  
Moody's rating category or
equivalent under NAIC
ratings of RMBS
  Average
Book value
  RMR   Annual expected losses   Average
Book value
  RMR   Annual expected losses  
 
  US$m
  %
  US$m
  £m
  US$m
  %
  US$m
  £m
 

A3 or higher

    20,142     0.06     (11 )   (7 )   19,780     0.02     (4 )   (3 )

Baa1, 2 or 3

    20,747     0.25     (51 )   (33 )   20,955     0.22     (47 )   (32 )

Ba1, 2 or 3

    2,016     1.04     (21 )   (14 )   1,947     1.17     (23 )   (16 )

B1, 2 or 3

    505     2.97     (15 )   (10 )   609     2.86     (17 )   (11 )

Below B3

    339     3.87     (13 )   (8 )   769     3.93     (30 )   (20 )
   

Total

    43,749     0.25     (111 )   (72 )   44,060     0.28     (121 )   (82 )
                               

Related change to amortization of deferred acquisition costs

    28     18                 23     16  
                                   

Risk margin reserve charge for longer-term credit related losses

    (83 )   (54 )               (98 )   (66 )
                                   

For the six month period ended June 30, 2010, Jackson has continued the practice, which it commenced in the second half of 2009, in relation to RMBS to determine the risk margin charge included in operating profit based on longer-term investment returns, using the regulatory rating as determined by a third party, PIMCO, on behalf of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC).


The longer-term rates of return for equity-type investments are currently based on spreads over 10 year US treasury rates of 400 to 600 basis points. The longer-term rates of return for equity-type investments ranged from 7.0 per cent to 9.9 per cent at June 30, 2010 and 6.7 per cent to 9.6 per cent at June 30, 2009 depending on the type of investments.


Except for the effect of the difference between current period and longer-term levels of implied equity volatility and AA corporate bond yield curves, market value movements on equity-based derivatives and embedded derivatives are also recorded within operating profits based on longer-term investment returns so as to be consistent with the market related effects on fees and reserve movements for equity-based products. Market value movements on other derivatives are excluded from operating profit and are included in short-term fluctuations in investment returns.


Consistent with Prudential's basis of measurement of insurance assets and liabilities for US GAAP investment contracts to Jackson's IFRS results, the charges and credits to operating profits based on longer-term investment returns are partially offset by related changes to amortization of deferred acquisition costs.

3.
The gain of £111 million (first half of 2009: gain of £339 million) is for value movement of freestanding derivatives held to manage the fixed annuity and other general account business. Under IAS 39, unless hedge accounting is applied value movements on derivatives are recognized in the income statement.


Except for the effect of the difference between current period and longer term levels of implied equity volatility and AA corporate bond yield curves, derivative value movements in respect of variable annuity business are included within the operating profit based on longer-term investment returns to broadly match with the commercial effects to which the variable annuity derivative program relates, (subject to some limitations to GMDB and certain GMWB liabilities where US GAAP does not fully reflect the economic features being hedged). Other derivative value movements are separately identified within short-term fluctuations in investment returns.


For the derivatives program attaching to the fixed annuity and other general account business Prudential has continued in its approach of not seeking to apply hedge accounting under IAS 39. This decision reflects the inherent constraints of IAS 39 for hedge accounting investments and life assurance assets and liabilities under 'grandfathered' US GAAP under IFRS 4.

4.
The £238 million loss (first half of 2009: gain of £91 million) for equity-related derivatives is due to the normalization of value movements for freestanding and embedded derivatives. This normalization reflects the inclusion of longer-term implied equity volatility levels and also, for embedded derivatives 10-year average AA corporate bond yield curves in the value movement included in operating profits. The effect of the difference between actual levels of implied equity volatility and end of period AA corporate bond yield curves is reflected in short-term fluctuations in investment return.


In addition, for US insurance operations, included within the statement of comprehensive income is an increase in net unrealized gains on debt securities classified as available-for-sale of £1,144 million (first half of 2009: reduction in net

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    unrealized losses of £808 million). These temporary market value movements do not reflect defaults or impairments. Additional details on the movement in the value of the Jackson portfolio are included in note W to Prudential's unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements.


UK insurance operations


The short-term fluctuations gain for UK insurance operations of £93 million in the first half of 2010 reflects asset value movements principally on the shareholder—backed annuity business (first half of 2009: loss of £63 million).


IGD hedge costs


During the severe equity market conditions experienced in the first quarter of 2009, coupled with historically high equity volatility, the Group entered into exceptional short-dated hedging contracts to protect against potential tail-events on the IGD capital position, in addition to the regular operational hedging programs. The hedge contracts expired in 2009 and have not been renewed.


Other operations


Short-term fluctuations of other operations, in addition to the previously discussed IGD hedge costs, arise from:

   
  Six months ended
June 30,
 
   
  2010   2009  
   
  (In £ Millions)
 
 

Unrealized value movements on swaps held centrally to manage Group assets and liabilities

        69  
 

Unrealized value movements on Prudential Capital bond portfolio

    12     2  
 

Unrealized value movements on investments held by other operations

        4  
             
 

Total

    12     75  
             
(vii)
The shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes reflects the aggregate of actual less expected returns on scheme assets, experience gains and losses on scheme liabilities, the effect of changes in assumptions and altered provisions for deficit funding, where relevant.

Reconciliation of IFRS operating profit based on longer-term investment returns to IFRS total profit

        The following tables reconcile Prudential's operating profit based on longer-term investment returns to total profit attributable to shareholders.

 
  Insurance operations   Asset management    
   
   
 
 
  Total
Segment
  Unallocated
corporate
   
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2010
  UK   US   Asia   M&G   US   Asia   Total  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Insurance operations:

                                                       

Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns

    330     450     259     143     15     36     1,233     (265 )   968  

Short-term fluctuations in investment returns on shareholder-backed business

    93     (120 )   41     12             26         26  

Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes

    (8 )           (16 )           (24 )       (24 )

Costs of terminated AIA transaction

                                (377 )   (377 )
                                       

Profit (loss) from continuing operations before tax attributable to shareholders

    415     330     300     139     15     36     1,235     (642 )   593  

Tax attributable to shareholders

                                                    (149 )
                                                       

Profit for the period

                                                    444  
                                                       

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  Insurance operations   Asset management    
   
   
 
 
  Total
Segment
  Unallocated
corporate
   
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2009
  UK   US   Asia   M&G   US   Asia   Total  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Insurance operations:

                                                       

Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns

    330     217     207     102     2     21     879     (191 )   688  

Short-term fluctuations in investment returns on shareholder-backed business

    (63 )   165     (41 )   3             64     (144 )   (80 )

Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes

                (2 )           (2 )   (61 )   (63 )

Loss on sale and results for the Taiwan agency business

            (621 )                 (621 )         (621 )
                                       

(Loss) profit from continuing operations before tax attributable to shareholders

    267     382     (455 )   103     2     21     320     (396 )   (76 )

Tax attributable to shareholders

                                                    (182 )
                                                       

Loss for the period

                                                    (258 )
                                                       

IFRS operating profit based on longer-term investment returns

        In the first half of 2010, Prudential's operating profit based on longer-term investment return was £968 million compared to £688 million in the first half of 2009, an increase of 41 per cent. The US operating profit for the first half of 2010 of £450 million includes £123 million of net equity hedging gains (first half of 2009: £23 million losses), representing the movement in fair value of free standing derivatives included in operating profit and the movement in the accounting value of guarantees in Jackson's variable and fixed index annuity products, a significant proportion of which are not fair valued, net of related DAC. Excluding these amounts, which are variable in nature, Prudential's operating profit increased by 19 per cent in the first half of 2010 compared to the first half of 2009.

Insurance operations

        In Asia, operating profit for long-term business increased by 25 per cent from £207 million in the first half of 2009 to £259 million in the first half of 2010. This increase reflects both underlying growth as Prudential's Asia operations build their in-force book and improvement in new business strain from a charge of £47 million in the first half of 2009 to a charge of £43 million in the first half of 2010. The £207 million in the first half of 2009 included a £63 million one-off credit relating to the Malaysia reserving basis.

        There was a strong performance across the Asian region. Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia accounted for 76 per cent, or £198 million, of operating profits (first half of 2009: £213 million, including the impact of the exceptional credit recorded in Malaysia). Strong underlying improvements were reported in Indonesia with operating profits higher by 66 per cent to £70 million, reflecting the strong business growth and growing maturity of this business. Malaysia operating profits, excluding the exceptional credit in 2009, were also higher by 41 per cent to £45 million, reflecting the growing policyholder liabilities of this business. The contribution to IFRS profits from the other Asian businesses is also improving. The closure of Japan to new business has substantially reduced the IFRS losses of this business, while Taiwan broke even in the period as it refocused on its bancassurance business. Korea benefited from reduced new business strain in the period and Vietnam was up 50 per cent to £21 million. Changes to reserving bases in India and China contributed a £19 million profit, with both countries showing improvement in their underlying results excluding this change.

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        In the US, the long-term business operating profit increased by 107 per cent from £217 million in the first half of 2009 to £450 million in the first half of 2010. The 2010 result includes net equity hedge gains (net of related DAC amortization) of £123 million (first half of 2009: losses of £23 million). These gains and losses, which are variable in nature, reflect the difference between the value movement included in operating profit on free standing derivatives held to manage equity risk, and the accounting charge for movements in liabilities for guarantees in Jackson's variable and fixed index annuity products. For GMDB and "for-life" GMWB features the liabilities are not fair valued for accounting purposes but are reported pursuant to the US GAAP measurement basis applied for IFRS reporting. Over the longer-term it is anticipated that the variable gains and losses arising will substantially reverse. The total cumulative impact of these equity hedge results, net of related deferred acquisition costs, for the 30 months ended June 30, 2010 is a small gain of £35 million.

        Excluding the net equity hedge result, Jackson's operating profit increased by 36 per cent from £240 million in the first half of 2009 to £327 million, reflecting strong underlying performance driven by improved spread and fee income, up £88 million and £98 million, respectively. These positive inflows have been offset by increases in expenses and DAC amortization, primarily reflecting Jackson's increased profitability and an increased charge for accelerated variable annuity DAC amortization, which increased from £12 million in the first half of 2009 to £67 million in the first half of 2010, arising from lower than projected levels of market returns in the period.

        In the UK, total operating profit was in line with last year at £330 million. The long-term business operating profit was slightly ahead at £307 million (first half of 2009: £303 million). The UK's value focus saw it continue the strong profit contribution from annuities. Profits from the with-profits business were £7 million higher at £154 million. Profit from UK general insurance commission decreased by £4 million to £23 million in the first half of 2010 in line with the decline in the in-force policy numbers as the business matures.

Asset management business

        M&G's operating profit based on longer-term investment returns for the first half of 2010 was £143 million, an increase of 40 per cent from £102 million in the first half of 2009. This reflects higher equity market levels, the continuation of strong net inflows, particularly in the retail business and increased sales of more profitable equity products.

        The Asian asset management operations reported operating profits of £36 million, up by 71 per cent from £21 million in the first half of 2009. This reflects higher funds under management during the period and the benefits of cost cutting actions taken in 2009. Profit in the first half of 2009 was also adversely impacted by a one-off loss in India of £6 million.

        The US asset management business saw an increase in operating profit based on longer-term investment returns of £13 million from £2 million in the first half of 2009 to £15 million in the first half of 2010.

Unallocated corporate result

        Unallocated corporate net charge increased by £74 million from £191 million in the first half of 2009 to £265 million in the first half of 2010. The net charge of £265 million in the first half of 2010 comprised £240 million of other income and expenditure, £22 million of costs related to the implementation of Solvency II and £3 million of restructuring costs. The net charge of £191 million in the first half of 2009 comprised £179 million of other income and expenditure, £nil costs related to the implementation of Solvency II and £12 million of restructuring costs.

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        The £61 million increase in the charge for other income and expenditure to £240 million from the first half of 2009 to the first half of 2010 primarily reflects an increase in interest payable on core structural borrowings.

Analysis of life insurance operating profit* based on longer-term investment returns by driver

 
  Six months ended
June 30,
 
 
  2010   2009  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Investment spread

    571     514  

Asset management fees

    321     203  

Net expense margin

    (205 )   (209 )

DAC amortization** (Jackson only)

             
 

Underlying

    (199 )   (148 )
 

Acceleration

    (67 )   (12 )

Net insurance margin

    309     217  

With-profits business

    171     158  

Non-recurrent release of reserves for Malaysian life operation

        63  

Other

    (8 )   (23 )

Net equity hedge gains (losses) within Jackson

    123     (23 )
           

Total

    1,016     727  
           

*
Excludes UK general insurance commission (first half 2010: £23 million; first half 2009 £27 million).

**
Excluding amounts for equity hedge and related effects.

        The analysis above classifies Prudential's pre-tax operating profit based on longer-term investment returns from life insurance operations into the underlying drivers of those profits, using the following categories:

(i)
Investment spread – this represents the difference between investment income (or premium income in the case of the UK annuities new business) and amounts credited to policyholder accounts.

(ii)
Asset management fees – this represents profits driven by investment performance, being asset management fees that vary with the size of the underlying policyholder funds net of investment management expenses and profits derived from spread.

(iii)
Net expense margin – this represents expenses charged to the profit and loss account (excluding those borne by the with-profits fund and those products where earnings are purely protection driven) including amounts relating to movements in deferred acquisition costs, net of any fees or premium loadings related to expenses. Jackson DAC amortization (net of hedging effects), which is intended to be part of the expense margin, has been separately highlighted in the table below.

(iv)
Insurance margin – profits derived from the insurance risks of mortality, morbidity and persistency including fees earned on variable annuity guarantees.

(v)
With-profits business – shareholders' transfer from the with-profits fund in the period.

(vi)
Other represents a mixture of other income and expenses that are not directly allocated to the underlying drivers.

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Insurance operations

        An analysis of the operating profit based on longer-term investment returns by drivers for the life insurance operations for the first half of 2010 and 2009 is provided in the tables below. The analysis by drivers has been made using the categorization as described above.

 
  Six months ended June 30, 2010  
 
  Asia
(note (iii))
  US   UK   Total  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Investment spread

    42     402     127     571  

Asset management fees

    52     240     29     321  

Net expense margin

    (51 )   (150 )   (4 )   (205 )

DAC amortization (Jackson only) (note (ii))

                         
 

Underlying

        (199 )       (199 )
 

Acceleration

        (67 )       (67 )

Net insurance margin

    202     121     (14 )   309  

With-profits business

    17         154     171  

Other

    (3 )   (20 )   15     (8 )

Net equity hedge gains within Jackson (note (i))

        123         123  
                   

Total

    259     450     307     1,016  
                   

 

 
  Six months ended June 30, 2009  
 
  Asia
(note (iii))
  US   UK   Total  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Investment spread

    35     314     165     514  

Asset management fees

    34     142     27     203  

Net expense margin

    (68 )   (105 )   (36 )   (209 )

DAC amortization (Jackson only)

                         
 

Underlying

        (148 )       (148 )
 

Acceleration

        (12 )       (12 )

Net insurance margin

    137     97     (17 )   217  

With-profits business

    11         147     158  

Non-recurrent release of reserves for Malaysia Life operations

    63             63  

Other

    (5 )   (48 )   17     (36 )

Net equity hedge gains within Jackson (note (i))

        (23 )       (23 )
                   

Total

    207     217     303     727  
                   

Notes

(i)
Net equity hedge gains/losses within Jackson, being the movement in operating derivatives in the period and associated DAC amortization and policyholder liability movements, were £123 million positive in the first half of 2010, compared with £(23) million negative in the first half of 2009. These gains and losses, which are variable in nature, reflect the difference between the value movement included in operating profit on free standing derivatives held to manage equity risk, and the accounting charge for movements in liabilities for guarantees in Jackson's variable and fixed index annuity products. For GMDB and "for life" GMWB features the liabilities are not fair valued for accounting purposes but are reported pursuant to US GAAP measurement basis applied for IFRS reporting.

(ii)
The DAC amortization of Jackson shown on the tables above reflects the charge to the operating results excluding the amount related to the net hedge results described in note (i) above. The Jackson amortization change each period incorporates an element of acceleration or deceleration that reflects the variance between the actual level of return attained and the level assumed as part of Prudential's accounting methodology. The acceleration arising in the first half of 2010 and first half of 2009 reflects asset value shortfalls in the period compared with the assumed level of 15 per cent for the year.

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(iii)
Sale of Taiwan agency business

In order to facilitate comparisons of operating profit based on longer-term investment returns that reflect Prudential's retained operations, the results attributable to the Taiwan agency business for which the sale process was completed in June 2009 are included separately within the analysis of profit. Only the operating profit based on longer-term investments of the retained bancassurance business in Taiwan is included in the analysis above.

Short-term fluctuations in investment returns

        Short-term fluctuations in investment returns for Prudential's insurance operations of positive £14 million for the first half of 2010 comprise positive £41 million for Asia, negative £120 million for US operations and positive £93 million in the UK.

        The positive short-term fluctuations of £41 million for our Asian operations primarily reflect unrealized gains on the shareholder debt portfolio.

        The negative short-term fluctuations of £120 million for our US operations principally arose on derivative and embedded derivative value movements. The negative fluctuations from longer-term levels arising in the period from the implied equity volatilities and interest rates used in valuing equity-related derivatives and embedded derivatives are only partially offset by the positive market movements of non-equity related derivatives.

        The positive short-term fluctuations of £93 million for our UK operations reflect principally value movements on the assets backing the capital of the shareholder-backed annuity business.

        Short-term fluctuations for other operations were positive £12 million, and mainly represent unrealized appreciation on Prudential Capital's debt securities portfolio.

Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes

        The shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes of negative £24 million reflect the impact of a reduced discount rate, which was offset by lower inflation assumptions of the liabilities of the Scottish Amicable and M&G schemes.

Costs of terminated AIA transaction

        As previously discussed, Prudential incurred costs of £377 million (£284 million post tax) related to the terminated AIA transaction.

IFRS earnings per share

 
  Six months ended
June 30,
 
 
  2010   2009  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Basic EPS based on operating profit based on longer-term investment returns after tax and non-controlling interest

    28.6 p   20.5 p

Basic EPS based on total profit (loss) after non-controlling interest

    17.5 p   (10.2 p)

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Explanation of Movements in Profits Before Shareholder Tax by Nature of Revenue and Charges

        The following table shows Prudential's consolidated total revenue and consolidated total charges for the following periods.

 
  Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
 
  2010   2009  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Earned premiums, net of reinsurance

    11,256     9,518  

Investment return

    5,027     3,625  

Other income

    754     574  
           

Total revenue, net of reinsurance

    17,037     13,717  
           

Benefits and claims and movement in unallocated surplus of with-profits funds

    (13,650 )   (10,783 )

Acquisition costs and other expenditure

    (2,654 )   (2,446 )

Finance costs: interest on core structural borrowings of shareholder-financed operations

    (129 )   (84 )

Loss on sale of Taiwan agency business

        (559 )
           

Total charges, net of reinsurance

    (16,433 )   (13,872 )
           

Profit (loss) before tax (being tax attributable to shareholders' and policyholders' returns)*

    604     (155 )

Tax (charge) credit attributable to policyholders' returns

    (11 )   79  
           

Profit (loss) before tax attributable to shareholders

    593     (76 )

Tax charge attributable to shareholders' returns

    (149 )   (182 )
           

Profit (loss) for the period

    444     (258 )
           

*
This measure is the formal profit (loss) before tax measure under IFRS but it is not the result attributable to shareholders. See "Presentation of results before tax" under "IFRS Critical Accounting Policies" section above for further explanation.

Earned premiums

 
  Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
 
  2010   2009  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Asian operations

    2,927     2,693  

US operations

    5,689     3,932  

UK operations

    2,640     2,893  
           

Total

    11,256     9,518  
           

        Earned premiums, net of reinsurance, for insurance operations totaled £11,256 million in the first half of 2010 compared to £9,518 million in the first half of 2009. The increase of £1,738 million for the first half of 2010 was driven by an increase of £1,757 million in the US operations and an increase of £234 million in the Asian operations that were partially offset by a decrease of £253 million in the UK operations.

a)    Asia

        Earned premiums in Asia, net of reinsurance in the first half of 2010 and 2009 were £2,927 million and £2,693 million, respectively, an increase of nine per cent. The premiums reflect the aggregate of single and recurrent premiums of new business sold in the period and premiums on annual business sold in previous periods. The growth in earned premiums reflect increases for both factors.

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        The region's life insurance sector has continued to recover well from the 2008/2009 downturn. During the first quarter of 2010 most territories reported double digit growth in new business premiums compared to the same period in 2009. During the first half of 2010, Prudential delivered strong new business growth, continuing the trend seen in the first quarter this year. Prudential's sales focus is in the highly profitable market of South-East Asia (including Hong Kong).

        Agency sales force remained the dominant channel during the first half of 2010, and Prudential's success in managing its agency sales force is reflected by average agent numbers (excluding India) growing by 15 per cent to 153,000 agents compared to June 30, 2009. Prudential's strategy in Asia remains firmly focused on expanding its distribution reach via tied agency and partnerships, together with continuing to improve its distributors' productivity. Although this strategy is designed to deliver growth rates that exceed the market over the long term, Prudential does not pursue headline growth for its own sake and therefore will not offer products that it believes have a high risk of adversely impacting shareholder value.

b)    United States

        Earned premiums, net of reinsurance increased by 45 per cent from £3,932 million in the first half of 2009 to £5,689 million in the first half of 2010, driven principally by the increase in sales of new single variable annuity business.

        Jackson's strategy remains focused on increasing volumes in variable annuities while managing fixed annuity sales in line with the goal of capital preservation.

        In light of continued volatility in the US equity markets and historically low interest rates, customers are increasingly seeking to mitigate equity risk while receiving an acceptable return through the purchase of fixed index annuities and variable annuities with guaranteed living benefits. Jackson is a beneficiary of this trend.

c)    United Kingdom

        Earned premiums, net of reinsurance for UK operations decreased from £2,893 million in the first half of 2009 to £2,640 million in the first half of 2010, reflecting flat levels of new single and recurrent premium business and reductions in premiums for annual business sold in prior years. During the first half of 2010, Prudential UK continued to actively manage sales volumes to control capital consumption. Prudential UK's strategy is not to pursue top line sales growth as a business objective but instead deploy capital to opportunities that play to the core strengths of the business, which has enabled it to continue writing profitable new business while maintaining margins.

Investment return

 
  Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
 
  2010   2009  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Asian operations

    239     1,803  

US operations

    (31 )   1,917  

UK operations

    4,916     30  

Unallocated corporate

    (97 )   (125 )
           

Total

    5,027     3,625  
           

        Investment return principally comprises interest income, dividends, investment appreciation/depreciation (realized and unrealized gains) and losses on investments designated as fair value through profit and loss and realized gains and losses, including impairment losses, on securities designated as

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available-for-sale. Movements in unrealized appreciation/depreciation of Jackson's debt securities designated as available-for-sale are not reflected in investment return but are recorded in other comprehensive income.

Allocation of investment return between policyholders and shareholders

        Investment return is attributable to policyholders and shareholders. A key feature of the accounting policies under IFRS is that the investment return included in the income statement relates to all investment assets of Prudential, irrespective of whether the return is attributable to shareholders, policyholders or the unallocated surplus of with-profits funds. Therefore the investment return shown in the income statement includes significant amounts that are attributable to policyholders or the unallocated surplus of with-profits funds, and that have no net impact on shareholders' profit.

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        The following table provides a breakdown of the investment return for each regional operation attributable to each type of business.

 
  Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
 
  2010   2009  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Asian operations

             
 

Policyholders returns

             
   

Assets backing unit-linked liabilities

    (4 )   1,108  
   

With-profits business

    34     507  
           

    30     1,615  
 

Shareholder returns

    209     188  
           

Total

    239     1,803  
           

US operations

             
 

Policyholders returns

             
   

Assets held to back (separate account) unit-linked liabilities

    (981 )   772  
           
 

Shareholder returns

             
   

Realized gains and losses (including impairment losses on available-for-sale bonds)

    14     (300 )
   

Value movements on derivative hedging program for general account business

    149     372  
   

Interest/dividend income and value movements on other financial instruments for which fair value movements are booked in the income statement

    787     1,073  
           

    950     1,145  
           

Total

    (31 )   1,917  
           

UK operations

             
 

Policyholder returns

             
   

Scottish Amicable Insurance Fund (SAIF)

    304     (29 )
   

Assets held to back unit-linked liabilities

    423     122  
   

With-profits fund (excluding SAIF)

    2,576     (471 )
           

    3,303     (378 )
           
 

Shareholder returns

             
   

Prudential Retirement Income Limited (PRIL)

    1,150     330  
   

Other business

    463     78  
           

    1,613     408  
           

Total

    4,916     30  
           

Unallocated corporate

             
 

Shareholder returns

    (97 )   (125 )
           

Group Total

             
 

Policyholder returns

    2,352     2,009  
 

Shareholder returns

    2,675     1,616  
           

Total

    5,027     3,625  
           

Policyholder returns

        The returns, as shown in the table above, are delineated between those returns allocated to policyholders and those allocated to shareholders. In making this distinction, returns allocated to

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policyholders are those from investments in which shareholders have no direct economic interest, namely:

    unit-linked business in the UK and Asia and SAIF in the UK, for which the investment return is wholly attributable to policyholders,

    separate account business of US operations, the investment return of which is also wholly attributable to policyholders, and

    with-profits business (excluding SAIF) in the UK and Asia (in which the shareholders' economic interest, and the basis of recognizing IFRS basis profits, is restricted to a share of the actuarially determined surplus for distribution (in the UK, 10 per cent). Except for this surplus, the investment return of the with-profit funds is attributable to policyholders (through the asset-share liabilities) or the unallocated surplus, which is accounted for as a liability under IFRS 4.

        The assets of these three types of business represented 70 per cent of the total investments of Prudential as at June 30, 2010. The investment return related to the types of business above does not affect shareholders' profits directly. However, there is an indirect impact, for example, investment-related fees or the effect of investment return on the shareholders' share of the cost of bonuses of with-profits funds.

        Investment returns for unit-linked and similar products have a reciprocal impact on benefits and claims, with a decrease in market returns on the attached pool of assets affecting policyholder benefits on these products. Similarly, for with-profits funds there is a close correlation between increases or decreases in investment returns and the level of combined charge for policyholder benefits and movement on unallocated surplus that arises from such returns.

Shareholder returns

        For shareholder-backed non-participating business of the UK (comprising PRIL and other non-linked non-participating business) and of the Asian operations, the investment return is not directly attributable to policyholders and therefore does impact shareholders' profit directly. However, it should be noted that for UK shareholder-backed annuity business, principally PRIL, where the durations of asset and liability cash flows are normally closely matched, the discount rate applied to measure liabilities to policyholders (under grandfathered UK GAAP under IFRS 4) reflects movements in asset yields (after allowances for the future defaults) of the backing portfolios. Therefore, the net impact on the shareholders' profits of the investment return of the assets backing the liabilities of UK shareholder-backed annuity business is after taking into account the consequential effect on the movement in policyholder liabilities.

        Changes in shareholder investment returns for US operations reflect primarily movements in investment income, movements in the value of the derivative instruments held to manage the general account assets and liability portfolio, and realized gains and losses. However, separately reflecting Jackson's types of business, an allocation is made to policyholders through the application of crediting rates. The shareholder investment return for US operations also includes the fair value movement of the derivatives and the movement on the related liabilities of the variable annuity guarantees under Jackson's dynamic hedging program.

        The majority of the investments held to back the US non-participating business are debt securities for which the available-for-sale designation is applied for IFRS basis reporting which is described below.

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Reasons for period-on-period changes in investment returns

        With two exceptions, all Prudential investments are carried at fair value in the statement of financial position with fair value movements, which are volatile from period to period, recorded in the income statement. The exceptions are for:

    (i)
    debt securities in the general account of US operations, the return on which is attributable to shareholders and which are accounted for on an IAS 39 available-for-sale basis. In this respect realized gains and losses (including impairment losses) are recorded in the income statement, while movements in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) are booked as other comprehensive income. As a result, the changes in unrealized fair value of these debt securities are not reflected in Prudential's investment return in the income statement. The unrealized gains and losses in the income statement of US operations primarily arise on the assets of the US separate account business; and

    (ii)
    loans and receivables, which are carried at amortized cost.

        Subject to the effect of these two exceptions, the period-on-period changes in investment return primarily reflect the generality of overall market movements for equities, debt securities and, in the UK, for investment property. In addition, for Asian and US separate account business, foreign exchange rates affect the sterling value of the translated income. Consistent with the treatment applied for other items of income and expenditure, investment returns for overseas operations are translated at average exchange rates.

a)    Asia

        The table below provides an analysis of investment return attributable to Asian operations for the periods presented:

 
  Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
 
  2010   2009  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Interest/dividend income (including foreign exchange gains and losses)

    355     408  

Investment (depreciation) appreciation*

    (116 )   1,395  
           

Total

    239     1,803  
           

*
Investment appreciation (depreciation) comprises realized and unrealized gains and losses on the investments.

        In Prudential's Asian operations, equities and debt securities accounted for 45 per cent and 45 per cent, respectively of the total investment portfolio at June 30, 2010. The remaining 10 per cent of the total investment portfolio was primarily comprised of loans and deposits with credit institutions. At June 30, 2010, the total proportion of the investment portfolio invested in equities and debt securities was of a similar magnitude to that as at June 30, 2009. In Asia, the investment return decreased from £1,803 million in the first half of 2009 to £239 million in the first half of 2010. This decrease was due to a decrease of £53 million in interest and dividend income (including foreign exchange gains and losses) and a £1,511 million decrease in investment appreciation. The decrease of £1,511 million in investment appreciation was driven by adverse movements in the Asian equity markets in the first half of 2010, in comparison to the significant improvements in the overall Asian financial markets in the first half of 2009.

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b)    United States

        The table below provides an analysis of investment return attributable to US operations for the periods presented:

 
  Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
 
  2010   2009  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Realized gains and losses (including impairment losses on available-for-sale bonds)

    14     (300 )

Investment return of investments backing US separate account liabilities

    (981 )   772  

Other investment return

    936     1,445  
           

Total

    (31 )   1,917  
           

        In the US, investment return decreased from a £1,917 million credit in the first half of 2009 to a £31 million charge in the first half of 2010. This £1,948 million adverse change was due to a £314 million increase in realized gains including gains on debt securities classified as available-for-sale of which was more than offset by a decrease in the investment return of the investments backing the US variable annuity separate account liabilities of £1,753 million and a decrease of £509 million in other investment returns. Realized losses in the first half of 2009 were £300 million compared to £14 million of realized gains in the first half of 2010 primarily due to higher bonds write down in the first half of 2009. The primary driver of the decrease in US investment return was the decrease in returns on investments backing the US variable annuity separate account liabilities as a result of adverse movements in US equity markets. The investment return of the investment assets backing US separate account liabilities decreased by £1,753 million from a £772 million credit in the first half of 2009 to a £981 million charge in the first half of 2010. The decrease of £509 million in other investment return included a £223 million decrease in the fair value of derivatives held to manage the general account business.

c)    United Kingdom

        The table below provides an analysis of investment return attributable to UK operations for the periods presented:

 
  Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
 
  2010   2009  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Interest/dividend income

    3,131     3,149  

Foreign exchange gains and losses*

    (278 )   1,186  

Investment appreciation (depreciation)**

    2,063     (4,305 )
           

Total

    4,916     30  
           

*
Foreign exchange gains and losses on retranslation of non-sterling based assets, including foreign currency forwards, principally of the UK with-profits fund.

**
Investment appreciation (depreciation) comprises realized and unrealized gains and losses on the investments.

        Prudential's UK operations, equities, debt securities and investment properties accounted for 26 per cent, 54 per cent and 9 per cent, respectively of the total investment portfolio at June 30, 2010. The remaining 11 per cent of the total investment portfolio at June 30, 2010 related to loans, deposits with credit institutions, investment in partnerships in investment pools and derivative assets. Within debt securities of £73,522 million at June 30, 2010, 82 per cent was held in corporate debt securities. At June 30, 2010 the total proportion of the investment portfolio held in equities, debt securities and

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investment properties was of a similar magnitude to that as at June 30, 2009. In the UK, the investment return improved by £4,886 million, from £30 million in the first half of 2009 to £4,916 million in the first half of 2010. This favorable change comprised a decrease of £18 million in interest and dividend income, and a decrease of £1,464 million in foreign exchange gains which were more than offset by the £6,368 million increase in investment appreciation. The foreign exchange losses of £278 million in the first half of 2010 mainly related to losses from foreign currency forwards of the UK with-profits fund as the pound sterling depreciated below those levels in 2009. The investment appreciation of £2,063 million in the first half of 2010 was higher than the depreciation of £4,305 million in the first half of 2009, reflecting mainly positive investment returns from holdings in debt securities and investment properties in the first half of 2010 compared to the adverse conditions in the overall UK financial markets experienced in the first half of 2009.

d)    Unallocated corporate

        The investment return for unallocated corporate decreased from negative £125 million in the first half of 2009, to negative £97 million in the first half of 2010. The investment return in the first half of 2009 included a one-off £216 million IGD hedge cost incurred in the period, as explained previously.

Benefits and claims and movement in unallocated surplus of with-profits funds

 
  Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
 
  2010   2009  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Asian operations

    (2,170 )   (3,589 )

US operations

    (4,852 )   (4,985 )

UK operations

    (6,628 )   (2,209 )
           

Total

    (13,650 )   (10,783 )
           

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        Benefits and claims represent payments, including final bonuses, to policyholders in respect of maturities, surrenders and deaths plus the change in technical provisions (which primarily represents the movement in amounts owed to policyholders). Benefits and claims are amounts attributable to policyholders. The movement in unallocated surplus of with-profits funds represents the transfer to (from) the unallocated surplus each year through a charge (credit) to the income statement of the annual excess (shortfall) of income over expenditure of the with-profits funds, after declaration and attribution of the cost of bonuses to policyholders and shareholders.

        The underlying reasons for the period to period changes in benefits and claims and movement in unallocated surplus in each of Prudential's regional operations are changes in the incidence of claims incurred, increases or decreases in policyholders' liabilities, and movements in unallocated surplus of with-profits funds.

        Total benefits and claims and movement in unallocated surplus of with-profits funds increased to a charge of £13,650 million in the first half of 2010 compared to a charge of £10,783 million in the first half of 2009. The amount of this period to period change attributable to each of the underlying reasons as stated above are shown below:

 
  Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
 
  2010   2009  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Claims incurred

    (8,498 )   (8,065 )

Increase in policyholder liabilities

    (5,292 )   (4,036 )

Movement in unallocated surplus of with-profits funds

    140     1,318  
           

Benefits and claims and movement in unallocated surplus

    (13,650 )   (10,783 )
           

        The principal driver for variations in amounts allocated to policyholders is changes to investment return reflected in the balance sheet measurement of liabilities for Prudential's with-profits, SAIF and unit-linked policies (including US separate account business). In addition, for those liabilities under IFRS, in particular liabilities relating to the UK annuity business (principally PRIL), where the measurement reflects the yields on assets backing the liabilities, the period to period changes in investment yields also contribute significantly to variations in the measurement of policyholder liabilities. The principal driver for variations in the change in unallocated surplus of with-profits funds is the value movements on the investment assets of the with-profits funds to the extent not reflected in the policyholder liabilities.

        The principal variations in the increases or decreases in policyholder liabilities and movements in unallocated surplus of with-profits funds for each regional operation are discussed further below.

a)    Asia

        In the first half of 2010, benefits and claims and movement in unallocated surplus of with-profits funds totaled £2,170 million, a decrease of £1,419 million compared to £3,589 million in the first half of 2009. The amounts of the period to period change attributable to each of the underlying reasons are shown below:

 
  Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
 
  2010   2009  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Claims incurred

    (1,202 )   (847 )

Increase in policyholder liabilities

    (876 )   (2,174 )

Movement in unallocated surplus of with-profits funds

    (92 )   (568 )
           

Benefits and claims and movement in unallocated surplus

    (2,170 )   (3,589 )
           

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        The period to period variation in the movement in policyholder liabilities was primarily due to movements in investment returns. This was as a result of asset value movements, which are reflected in the unit value of the unit-linked policies that represent a significant proportion of the Asian operation's business. In addition, the policyholder liabilities of the Asian operations' with-profits policies also fluctuated with the investment performance of the funds.

        Accordingly, due to the positive market returns in the first half of 2010, there was a related increase in the charge for benefits and claims in the period, though to a lesser extent than the increase in the first half of 2009 when a significant improvement in market returns occurred. The movement in the unallocated surplus of with-profits funds during the first half of 2010 was a charge of £92 million compared with a charge of £568 million for the first half of 2009, similarly reflecting the investment return of the funds in the periods.

b)    United States

        Except for institutional products and certain term annuities which are classified as investment products under IAS 39 for the purposes of IFRS reporting, deposits into these products are recorded as premiums, withdrawals and surrenders, and are included in benefits and claims, and the resulting net movement is recorded under other reserve movements within benefits and claims. Benefits and claims also include interest credited to policyholders in respect of deposit products less fees charged on these policies.

        In the first half of 2010, the accounting charge for benefits and claims decreased by £133 million to £4,852 million compared to £4,985 million in the same period in the prior year. The amounts of the period to period change attributable to each of the underlying reasons are shown below:

 
  Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
 
  2010   2009  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Claims incurred

    (2,296 )   (2,207 )

Increase in policyholder liabilities

    (2,556 )   (2,778 )
           

Benefits and claims

    (4,852 )   (4,985 )
           

        The period-on-period movement in claims incurred for US operations as shown in the table below also include the effect of translating the US results into pound sterling at the average exchange rates for the relevant periods.

        The charge for benefit and claims for the first half of 2010 of £4,852 million was broadly similar to the charge for the first half of 2009 of £4,985 million. The charges in each period comprise amounts in respect of variable annuity and other business. For variable annuity business, there are two principal factors that contribute to the variations in the charge, and for which the fluctuations in the two periods presented broadly offset each other. First, the investment return on the assets backing the variable annuity separate account liabilities changed from a £772 million credit in the first half of 2009 to a £981 million charge in the first half of 2010 as shown in the section "Investment return_b) United States" above. The second principal effect is the growth of the variable annuity business in force. This can be illustrated by the net cash flows of the US insurance operations' variable annuity separate account liabilities in note AA "Analysis of movement in policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds" to the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements. The net cash flows of the variable annuity separate account liabilities shown in that note for the first half of 2010 were £2,752 million as compared with £1,115 million for the first half of 2009.

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c)    United Kingdom

        Overall benefits, claims and the transfer to unallocated surplus moved from a £2,209 million charge in the first half of 2009 to a £6,628 million charge in the first half of 2010. The amounts of the period to period changes attributable to each of the underlying reasons is shown below together with a further analysis of the decrease in policyholder liabilities by type of business:

 
   
  Six Months Ended
June 30,
   
 
   
  2010   2009    
 
   
  (In £ Millions)
   

Claims incurred

        (5,000 )   (4,964 )  

Decrease (increase) in policyholder liabilities:

                   
     
 

SAIF

        327     773    
 

PRIL

        (1,064 )   (399 )  
 

Unit-linked and other non-participating business

        (600 )   (16 )  
 

With-profits (excluding SAIF)

        (523 )   511    
     

        (1,860 )   869    

Movement in unallocated surplus of with-profits funds

        232     1,886    
                 

Benefits and claims and movement in unallocated surplus

        (6,628 )   (2,209 )  
                 

        Claims incurred in the UK operations of £5,000 million in the first half of 2010 is in line with the £4,964 million incurred in the first half of 2009.

        SAIF is a ring-fenced fund with no new business written. The decrease in policyholder liabilities in SAIF reflects the underlying decreasing policyholder liabilities as the liabilities run off. The variations from period to period are, however, affected by the market valuation movement of the investments held by SAIF, which are wholly attributable to policyholders.

        For PRIL, the increases in policyholder liabilities reflect the effect of altered investment yield reflected in the discount rate applied in the measurement of the liabilities, together with other factors such as changes in premium income and altered assumptions.

        For unit-linked business, the variations in the increases and decreases in the policyholder liabilities relating to the unit-linked business were primarily due to the movement in the market value of the unit-linked assets as reflected in the unit value of the unit-linked policies.

        The part of Prudential where variations in amounts attributed to policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus are most significant is the UK with-profits business (excluding SAIF).The liabilities for UK with-profits policyholders are determined on an asset-share basis that incorporates the accumulation of investment returns and all other items of income and outgo that are relevant to each policy type. Accordingly, movement in the policyholder liabilities in the income statement will fluctuate with the investment return of the fund. Separately, the excess of assets over liabilities of the fund represents the unallocated surplus. This surplus will also fluctuate on a similar basis to the market value movement on the investment assets of the funds with the movement reflected in the income statement. In addition, other items of income and expenditure affect the level of movement in policyholder liabilities (to the extent reflected in asset shares) and unallocated surplus.

        The correlation between total net income (loss) before benefits and claims and movement in unallocated surplus, on the one hand, and the (charge) credit for benefits and claims and movement in

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unallocated surplus, on the other, for the UK component of the PAC with-profits fund (excluding SAIF) principally arises due to the following factors:

    (a)
    Investment return is included in full in the income statement and is attributable either to contracts or unallocated surplus.

    (b)
    Investment return, to the extent attributable to contracts, directly affects asset-share liabilities, which are reflected in the income statement through changes in policyholder liabilities.

    (c)
    Investment return, to the extent attributable to unallocated surplus, forms the majority part of the movement in such surplus in the income statement.

        Separately, the cost of current year bonuses which is attributable to policyholders is booked within the movement in policyholder liabilities. One-ninth of the declared cost of policyholders' bonus is attributable to shareholders and represents the shareholders' profit. Both of these amounts, by comparison with the investment return, movement in other constituent elements of the change in policyholder liabilities and the change in unallocated surplus, are relatively stable from period to period.

        The surplus for distribution in future years will reflect the aggregate of policyholder bonuses and the cost of bonuses attributable to shareholders, which is currently set at 10 per cent. The policyholder bonuses comprise the aggregate of regular and final bonuses. When determining policy payouts, including final bonuses, Prudential considers asset shares of specimen policies.

        Prudential does not take into account the surplus assets of the long-term fund, or the investment return, in calculating asset shares. Asset-shares are used in the determination of final bonuses, together with treating customers fairly, the need to smooth claim values and payments from year to year and competitive considerations.

        In the unlikely circumstance that the depletion of excess assets within the long-term fund was such that Prudential's ability to treat its customers fairly was adversely affected, it might become necessary to restrict the annual distribution to shareholders or to contribute shareholders' funds to the long-term funds to provide financial support.

Acquisition costs and other expenditure

 
  Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
 
  2010   2009  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Asian operations

    (844 )   (881 )

US operations

    (736 )   (673 )

UK operations

    (649 )   (711 )

Unallocated corporate

    (425 )   (181 )
           

Total

    (2,654 )   (2,446 )
           

        Total acquisition costs and other expenditure of £2,654 million in the first half of 2010 were nine per cent higher than the £2,446 million incurred in the first half of 2009.

a)    Asia

        This decrease reflected a rise in acquisition costs incurred from £366 million in the first half of 2009 to £377 million in the first half of 2010, being more than offset by a decrease in operating expenses from £515 million in the first half of 2009 to £467 million in the first half of 2010.

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b)    United States

        Acquisition costs and other expenditure of £736 million in the first half of 2010 represents a nine per cent increase over the equivalent amount of £673 million incurred in the first half of 2009. This amounts to an increase of £63 million which is primarily driven by a £88 million increase in operating costs and other charges from £358 million in the first half of 2009 to £446 million in the first half of 2010, which included higher non-deferrable commission payments as policyholder asset values increased in line with strong sales growth.

c)    United Kingdom

        The UK acquisition costs and other expenditure decreased by 10 per cent from £711 million in the first half of 2009 to £649 million in the first half of 2010. The main drivers were an £84 million decrease in operating costs in the first half of 2010 to £286 million compared with the first half of 2009 which stood at £370 million and a £16 million decrease in acquisition costs from £188 million in the first half of 2009 to £172 million in the first half of 2010, partially offset by an increase in investment expenses and interest costs from £153 million in the first half of 2009 to £191 million in the first half of 2010.

d)    Unallocated corporate

        Acquisition costs and other expenditure in the first half of 2010 was £425 million, compared with £181 million in the first half of 2009. The principal driver was an increase of £252 million in operating costs, resulting from costs incurred in relation to the proposed, and now terminated transaction, to purchase AIA Group Ltd.

        Of the £377 million total costs before tax of the terminated AIA transaction, £100 million associated with foreign exchange hedging has been recorded within "Investment return" and the other £277 million has been recorded as "Other expenditure" within "Acquisition costs and other expenditure" in the condensed consolidated income statement.

        The following section provides further information on certain key areas of interest in the balance sheet.

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IFRS Shareholders' Funds and Summary Balance Sheet

        The following table sets forth a summary of the movement in Prudential's shareholders' funds for the six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009:

 
  Six months ended
June 30,
 
 
  2010   2009  
 
  (In £ millions)
 

Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns

    968     688  

Items excluded from operating profit based on longer-term investment returns

    (375 )   (764 )
           

Total profit (loss) before tax

    593     (76 )

Tax and non-controlling interests

    (151 )   (178 )
           

Profit (loss) for the period

    442     (254 )

Exchange movements, net of related tax

    307     (298 )

Unrealized gains and losses on Jackson securities classified as available for sale(1)

    419     423  

Dividends

    (344 )   (322 )

New share capital subscribed

    39     96  

Other

    27     17  
           

Net increase (decrease) in shareholders' funds

    890     (338 )

Shareholders' funds at beginning of period

    6,271     5,058  
           

Shareholders' funds at end of period

    7,161     4,720  
           

Note

(1)
Net of related change to amortization of deferred acquisition costs and tax.

        Statutory IFRS basis shareholders' funds at June 30, 2010 were £7.2 billion. This compares to the £6.3 billion at December 31, 2009, an increase of £0.9 billion, equivalent to 14 per cent.

        The movement reflects the profit for the year after tax of £0.4 billion, exchange translation gains of £0.3 billion, the improvement in the level of net unrealized gains on Jackson's debt securities of £0.4 billion from the position at December 31, 2009 and other items of £0.1 billion, offset by dividend payments of £0.3 billion.

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Summary Balance Sheet

        The summary balance sheet for the Group as at June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009 is presented below:

Summary

 
  June 30,
2010
  December 31,
2009
 
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Investments

    222,599     208,722  

Holding company cash and short-term investments (note 1)

    1,023     1,486  

Other

    19,790     17,546  
           

Total assets

    243,412     227,754  
           

Less: Liabilities

             
 

Policyholder liabilities

    198,913     186,398  
 

Unallocated surplus of with-profits funds

    10,066     10,019  
           

    208,979     196,417  

Core structural borrowings of shareholder financed operations

    3,482     3,394  

Other liabilities including non-controlling interests

    23,790     21,672  
           

Total liabilities and non-controlling interests

    236,251     221,483  
           

IFRS basis net assets net of non-controlling interest

    7,161     6,271  
           

Share capital and premium

    1,966     1,970  

IFRS basis shareholders' reserves

    5,195     4,301  
           

IFRS basis shareholders' equity

    7,161     6,271  
           

Note

1
Holding company cash is cash remitted by business units to Prudential's holding company with a view to cover the dividend payable to shareholders (after corporate costs), and finance profitable opportunities that become available to Prudential. Short-term investments are generally cash held on short-term deposits with credit institutions.

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        The following sections provide further detail on certain key line items:

Shareholders' net borrowing

 
  June 30,
2010
  December 31,
2009
 
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Core structural borrowings of shareholder-financed operations:

             
 

Perpetual subordinated capital securities (Innovative Tier 1) (note (i))

    1,533     1,422  
 

Subordinated notes (Lower Tier 2) (note (i))

    1,234     1,269  
           
 

Subordinated debt total

    2,767     2,691  
 

Senior debt (note (iii)):

             
   

2023

    300     300  
   

2029

    249     249  
           
 

Holding company total

    3,316     3,240  
 

Jackson surplus notes (Lower Tier 2) (note (i))

    166     154  
           

Total (per condensed consolidated statement of financial position) (note (iv))

    3,482     3,394  

Less: Holding company cash and short-term investments (recorded within the condensed consolidated statement of financial position) (note (ii))

    (1,023 )   (1,486 )
           

Net core structural borrowings of shareholder-financed operations

    2,459     1,908  
           

Investments

 
  June 30, 2010   December 31, 2009  
 
  Participating
Funds
  Unit-
Linked and
Variable
Annuities
  Shareholder-
backed
  Total
Group
  Total
Group
 
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Debt securities

    51,888     8,325     53,121     113,334     101,751  

Equity

    27,119     43,875     781     71,775     69,354  

Property investments

    9,169     717     1,474     11,360     10,905  

Commercial mortgage loans

    197         4,985     5,182     4,634  

Other loans

    1,875         2,530     4,405     4,120  

Deposits

    6,703     807     2,256     9,766     12,820  

Other investments

    4,153     90     2,534     6,777     5,138  
                       

Total

    101,104     53,814     67,681     222,599     208,722  
                       

        Total investments held by Prudential at June 30, 2010 were £223 billion, of which £101 billion were held by participating funds, £54 billion by unit-linked funds and £68 billion by shareholder-backed operations. Shareholders are not directly exposed to value movements on assets backing participating or unit-linked operations, with sensitivity mainly related to shareholder-backed operations.

        Of the £68 billion investments related to shareholder-backed operations, £5.4 billion was held by Asia long-term business, £34.3 billion by Jackson and £24.5 billion by the UK long-term business respectively. In addition, £3.5 billion was held by Prudential's asset management and other operations.

        The investments held by the shareholder-backed operations are predominantly debt securities, totaling £3.7 billion, £27.4 billion, and £20.5 billion for Asia, the US and the UK long-term business respectively, of which 79 per cent, 95 per cent and 97 per cent are rated either externally or internally, as investment grade. Included within debt securities of shareholder-backed operations are Tier 1 and Tier 2 bank holdings of £3.2 billion, of which Tier 1 holdings of UK bank securities is £114 million, with

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exposure being wholly within the UK long-term business. Within Tier 2, Prudential's exposure to UK banks is £0.8 billion, with exposure being £0.6 billion, £0.1 billion, and £0.1 billion for the UK long-term business, the US and other operations respectively.

        In addition £1.5 billion of debt securities was held by asset management operations, substantially all of which was managed by Prudential Capital.

Policyholder liabilities

        In order to demonstrate the development of Prudential's shareholder-backed insurance business, the following table analyzes the movement in the policyholder liabilities of shareholder-backed business between items of a cash nature (premiums received and claims/surrenders paid) and other movements, such as those arising from investment gains and losses and foreign exchange.

Policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds

 
  Six months ended
June 30, 2010
  Six months
ended
June 30,
2009
 
 
  Asia   US   UK   Total   Total  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Shareholder-backed business

                               

At January 1,

    13,050     48,311     38,700     100,061     92,189  

Premiums

    1,588     5,656     1,735     8,979     6,969  

Surrenders

    (621 )   (1,767 )   (632 )   (3,020 )   (3,362 )

Maturities/Deaths

    (58 )   (418 )   (1,055 )   (1,531 )   (1,385 )
                       

Net cash flows

    909     3,471     48     4,428     2,222  

Investment related items and other movements

    (203 )   (424 )   1,896     1,269     2,446  

Acquisition of UOB Life Assurance Limited

    464             464      

Assumption changes

            (64 )   (64 )   (63 )

Disposal of Taiwan agency business

                    (3,508 )

Foreign exchange translation difference

    1,150     3,895     (30 )   5,015     (7,530 )
                       

At June 30,

    15,370     55,253     40,550     111,173     85,756  
                       

With-profits funds

                               
 

– Policyholder liabilities

                      87,740     79,291  
 

– Unallocated surplus

                      10,066     7,061  
                             

Total at June 30,

                      97,806     86,352  
                             

Total policyholder liabilities including unallocated surplus at June 30,

                      208,979     172,108  
                             

        Policyholder liabilities related to shareholder-backed business grew by £11.1 billion from £100.1 billion at December 31, 2009 to £111.2 billion at June 30, 2010.

        The increase reflects positive net cash flows (premiums less surrenders and maturities/deaths) of £4.4 billion in the first half of 2010 (first half of 2009: £2.2 billion), predominantly driven by strong inflows in the US (£3.5 billion) and Asia (£0.9 billion), as well as positive investment-related and other items of £1.3 billion (first half of 2009: £2.4 billion), primarily reflecting the growth in bond and property markets during the year.

        Other movements include foreign exchange movements of £5.0 billion (first half of 2009: negative £7.5 billion) and an increase following the acquisition of UOB Life of £464 million.

        During the first half of 2010, the unallocated surplus, which represents the excess of assets over policyholder liabilities for Prudential's with-profit funds on a statutory basis remained flat from December 2009 to June 30, 2010 at £10.1 billion.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

        Prudential operates a central treasury function, which has overall responsibility for managing Prudential's capital funding program as well as its central cash and liquidity positions. Prudential arranges the financing of each of its subsidiaries, primarily by raising external finance either at the parent company level (including through finance subsidiaries whose obligations the parent company guarantees) or at the operating company level.

Group cash flow

        Prudential's unaudited interim consolidated cash flow statement includes the movement in cash included within both policyholders' and shareholders' funds, such as cash in the with-profits fund. Prudential therefore believes that it is more relevant to consider individual components of the movement in holding company cash flow which relate solely to the shareholders.

        Prudential continues to manage cash flows across the group with a view to achieving a balance between ensuring sufficient net remittances from the businesses to cover the progressive dividend (after corporate costs) and maximizing value for shareholders through the reinvestment of the free surplus generated at business unit level in the particularly profitable opportunities available to Prudential given its established position in key life insurance markets. On this basis, the holding company cash flow statement at an operating level should generally balance to close to zero before exceptional cash flows.

        Operating holding company cash flow for the first half of 2010 before dividend was £342 million, £94 million higher than the first half of 2009. After dividend, the operating holding company cash flow was £24 million, in line with the first half of 2009.

        The Prudential's holding company received £460 million net remittances from business units in the first half of 2010, (including £344 million from long-term business operations up from £314 million in the first half of 2009), with increased contributions from the Asia, M&G and PruCap businesses. Contributions from the UK with-profits business were lower reflecting the bonus reductions effected at the start of 2009, culminating in a lower share for shareholders in that year and lower remittances in the first half of 2010. The focused strategy of Prudential in the UK has delivered positive net remittances to the Prudential's holding company of £61 million from our shareholder-backed business.

        Capital invested in business units in the first half of 2010 was £54 million compared to £106 million for the first half of 2009. Injections into Prudential's Asia and the UK businesses were both down from 2009 levels, reflecting reduced regulatory needs and Prudential's disciplined approach to investment.

        Net interest paid in the first half of 2010 increased from £92 million in the first half of 2009 to £110 million, following additional debt raised in 2009.

        Tax received in the first half of 2010 was £55 million, up from £30 million in the first half 2009 reflecting higher UK taxable profits available for offset, and payments for corporate activities in the first half of 2010 were £63 million compared with £65 million in the first half of 2009.

        After central costs, there was a net cash inflow before dividend of £342 million in the first half of 2010 compared to £248 million for the first half of 2009. The dividend paid net of scrip, was £318 million in the first half of 2010 compared to £226 million in the first half of 2009. The take-up of scrip dividends in the first half of 2010 was £26 million compared to £96 million for the fist half of 2009.

        In the first half of 2010, central cash resources funded the acquisition of UOB Life and related distribution agreements. In addition, £261 million relating to costs associated with the terminated AIA transaction were also funded from our central resources.

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        As a result of the transactions above, together with an £18 million foreign exchange revaluation gain, the overall holding company cash and short-term investment balances at June 30, 2010 decreased by £463 million to £1,023 million from the £1,486 million at December 31, 2009.

Liquidity requirements

Dividend payments

        The total cost of dividends, gross of scrip settled by Prudential was £344 million in the first half of 2010, for the 2009 second interim dividend compared to £322 million in the first half of 2009 for the 2008 final dividend. The dividend paid net of scrip was £318 million in the first half of 2010 compared with £226 million in the first half of 2009.

        The 2010 interim dividend was 6.61 pence per ordinary share, a five per cent increase on the interim dividend of 2009 of 6.29 pence per share. The 2010 interim dividend was paid in September 2010.

Debt service costs

        Debt service costs charged to profit in respect of core structural borrowings held by Prudential in the first half of 2010 were £129 million compared with £84 million in the first half of 2009. Of total consolidated borrowings of £8,029 million as at June 30, 2010, the parent company had core structural borrowings of £3,316 million outstanding, all of which are due to mature in more than five years.

Liquidity sources

        The Prudential's parent company held cash and short-term investments of £1,023 million at June 30, 2010 compared with £1,486 million at December 31, 2009 The sources of cash in 2010 included dividends, loans and interest received from operating subsidiaries. Prudential received £514 million in cash remittances from business units in the first half of 2010, compared to £481million received in the first half of 2009. These remittances primarily comprise dividends from business units and the shareholders' statutory transfer from the PAC long-term with-profits fund (UK Life Fund) relating to earlier bonus declarations. Offset against these cash remittances was £54 million of capital invested in the first half of 2010 compared to £106 million in the first half of 2009. Overall net remittances from Prudential's business units had increased from £375 million in the first half of 2009 to £460 million in the first half of 2010.

Dividends, loans and interest received from subsidiaries

        Under UK company law, dividends can only be paid if a company has distributable reserves sufficient to cover the dividend. In PAC, Prudential's largest operating subsidiary, distributable reserves are created mainly by the statutory long-term business profit transfer to shareholders that occurs upon the declaration of bonuses to policyholders of with-profit products. Prudential's insurance and fund management subsidiaries' ability to pay dividends and loans to the parent company is restricted by various laws and regulations. Jackson is subject to state laws that limit the dividends payable to its parent company. Dividends in excess of these limitations generally require approval of the state

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insurance commissioner. The table below shows the dividends, loans and other amounts received by Prudential from the principal operating subsidiaries for the first six months of 2010 and 2009:

 
  Six months Ended
June 30,
 
 
  2010   2009  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Asian Operations

    115     111  

US Operations

         

UK Insurance Operations (mainly PAC)

    263     268  

M&G (including Prudential Capital)

    130     86  
           

Total

    508     465  
           

        Each of Prudential's main operations generates sufficient profits to pay dividends to the parent. The amount of dividends paid by the operations is determined after considering the development, growth and investment requirements of the operating businesses. Prudential does not believe that the legal and regulatory restrictions constitute a material limitation on the ability of businesses to meet their obligations or pay dividends.

Changes to Group holdings during the period

        During the first half of 2010 Prudential completed the acquisition of UOB Life for total cash consideration, after post-tax completion adjustments currently estimated at SGD 67 million (£32 million), of SGD 405 million (£220 million), giving rise to goodwill of £145 million. This acquisition accompanied a long-term strategic partnership with UOB, facilitating distribution of Prudential's life insurance products through UOB's bank branches in Singapore, Indonesia and Thailand.

        Prudential also announced the acquisition of Standard Life Healthcare by its PruHealth joint venture partner Discovery, and the intention to combine this with the existing PruHealth business. This has led to a reduction in Prudential's shareholding in the combined businesses from 50 per cent to 25 per cent and is effective from August 1, 2010 the date of the acquisition.

Shareholders' borrowings and financial flexibility

        Prudential's core structural borrowings at June 30, 2010 totaled £3.5 billion on an IFRS basis, compared with £3.4 billion at December 31, 2009. The movement of £0.1 billion mainly reflects foreign exchange movements in the period.

        After adjusting for holding company cash and short-term investments of £1,023 million, net core structural borrowings at June 30, 2010 were £2.5 billion compared with £1.9 billion at December 31, 2009. The movement of £0.6 billion includes the movement in borrowings of £0.1 billion mentioned above and the use of £505 million of central resources to fund the acquisition of UOB Life and related distribution agreements and the terminated AIA transaction costs.

        In addition to Prudential's core structural borrowings set out above, there is also in place an unlimited global commercial paper program. As at June 30, 2010 Prudential had issued commercial paper under this program totaling £110 million, US$2,412 million, and EUR 721 million. The central treasury function also manages Prudential's £5,000 million medium-term note (MTN) program covering both core and non-core borrowings. During January 2010, Prudential raised non-core borrowings of £250 million from this program. In April 2010 an existing internal £200 million issue under the same program was refinanced. In total, at June 30, 2010 the outstanding subordinated debt under the program was £1,085 million, US$750 million and EUR 520 million, while the senior debt outstanding was £450 million and US$5 million. In addition, Prudential's holding company has access to £1.7 billion of committed revolving credit facilities, provided by 16 major international banks, expiring between 2011

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and 2013; and an annually renewable £500 million committed securities lending liquidity facility. Apart from small drawdowns to test the process, these facilities have never been drawn, and there were no amounts outstanding at June 30, 2010. The commercial paper program, the MTN program, the committed revolving credit facilities and the committed securities lending liquidity facility are all available for general corporate purposes and to support the liquidity needs of Prudential's holding company and are intended to maintain a strong and flexible funding capacity.

        Prudential's core debt is managed within a target level consistent with its current debt ratings.

        Prudential plc has strong debt ratings from Standard & Poor's, Moody's and Fitch. On August 17, 2010, Standard & Poor's affirmed Prudential's long term senior debt rating at A+, and Prudential Assurance Company (PAC) and Jackson's long-term counterparty credit and insurer financial strength ratings at AA, and reverted the outlook on all these ratings to stable from the previous negative watch.

        Prudential's long-term senior debt is currently rated A+ (stable outlook), A2 (negative outlook) and A+ (negative watch) from Standard & Poor's, Moody's and Fitch, while short-term ratings are A-1, P1 and F1+ respectively.

        The financial strength of PAC is currently rated AA (stable outlook) by Standard & Poor's, Aa2 (negative outlook) by Moody's and AA+ (negative watch) by Fitch.

        Jackson's financial strength is currently rated AA (stable outlook) by Standard & Poor's, A1 (negative outlook) by Moody's and AA (negative watch) by Fitch.

        As of the filing date of this document, Fitch are undertaking a review of all their ratings relating to Prudential plc and its subsidiaries.

Consolidated Cash Flows

        The discussion that follows is based on the consolidated statement of cash flows prepared under IFRS and presented in Prudential's unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements.

        Net cash inflows (outflows) in the first half of 2010 were £1,287 million from operating activities, £(123) million from investing activities, and £(440) million from financing activities. During the first half of 2009, net cash inflows (outflows) were £1,546 million from operating activities, £(458) million from investing activities and £(203) million from financing activities.

        As at June 30, 2010, the Group held cash and cash equivalents of £6,040 million compared with £5,307 million at December 31, 2009, an increase of £733 million (representing net cash inflows of £724 million outlined above, and the effect of exchange rate changes of £9 million).

Contingencies and Related Obligations

        Details of the main changes to Prudential's contingencies and related obligations that have arisen in the six month period ended June 30, 2010 are set out in Note AC to the unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements.

Derivative Financial Instruments and Commitments

        Prudential enters into a variety of exchange traded and over-the-counter derivative financial instruments, including futures, options, forward currency contracts and swaps, such as interest rate swaps, cross-currency swaps, swaptions and credit default swaps.

        All over-the-counter derivative transactions are conducted under standardized International Swaps and Derivatives Association Inc ("ISDA") master agreements and Prudential has collateral agreements between the individual group entities and relevant counterparties in place under each of these market master agreements.

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        These derivatives are used for efficient portfolio management to obtain cost effective and efficient exposure to various markets in accordance with Prudential's investment strategies and to manage exposure to interest rate, currency, credit and other business risks.

        Prudential uses various interest rate derivative financial instruments, such as interest rate swaps, to reduce exposure to interest rate volatility.

        The UK insurance operations use various currency derivatives in order to limit volatility due to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations arising on securities denominated in currencies other than sterling. In addition, total return swaps and interest rate swaps are held for efficient portfolio management.

        As part of the efficient portfolio management of the PAC with-profits fund, the fund may, from time to time, invest in cash-settled forward contracts over Prudential Shares, which are accounted for consistently with other derivatives. This is in order to avoid a mismatch of the with-profits investments portfolio with the investment benchmarks set for its equity-based investment funds. The contracts will form part of the long-term investments of the with-profits fund. These contracts are subject to a number of limitations for legal and regulatory reasons.

        Some of Prudential's products, especially those sold in the United States, have certain guarantee features linked to equity indexes. A mismatch between product liabilities and the performance of the underlying assets backing them, exposes Prudential to equity index risk. In order to mitigate this risk, the relevant business units purchase swaptions, equity options and futures to match asset performance with liabilities under equity-indexed products.

        The US operations and some of the UK operations hold large amounts of interest-rate sensitive investments that contain credit risks on which a certain level of defaults is expected. These entities have purchased swaptions in order to manage the default risk on certain underlying assets and hence reduce the amount of regulatory capital held to support the assets.

        The types of derivatives used by Jackson and their purposes are as follows:

    interest rate swaps generally involve the exchange of fixed and floating payments over the period for which Jackson holds the instrument without an exchange of the underlying principal amount. These agreements are used for hedging purposes;

    put-swaption contracts provide the purchaser with the right, but not the obligation, to require the writer to pay the present value of a long-duration interest rate swap at future exercise dates. Jackson purchases and writes put-swaptions with maturities up to ten years. On a net basis, put-swaptions hedge against significant upward movements in interest rates;

    equity index futures contracts and equity index call and put options are used to hedge Jackson's obligations associated with its issuance of fixed indexed immediate and deferred annuities and certain variable annuity guarantees. These annuities and guarantees contain embedded options which are fair valued for financial reporting purposes;

    total return swaps in which Jackson receives equity returns or returns based on reference pools of assets in exchange for short-term floating rate payments based on notional amounts, are held for both hedging and investment purposes;

    cross-currency swaps, which embody spot and forward currency swaps and additionally, in some cases, interest rate swaps and equity index swaps, are entered into for the purpose of hedging Jackson's foreign currency denominated funding agreements supporting trust instrument obligations;

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    spread cap options, which are used as a macro-economic hedge against declining interest rates. Jackson receives quarterly settlements based on the spread between the two-year and the 10-year constant maturity swap rates in excess of a specified spread; and

    credit default swaps, which represent agreements under which Jackson has purchased default protection on certain underlying corporate bonds held in its portfolio. These contracts allow Jackson to sell the protected bonds at par value to the counterparty in the event of their default in exchange for periodic payments made by Jackson for the life of the agreement.

        At June 30, 2010 Jackson had unfunded commitments of $554 million related to its investments in limited partnerships and of $27 million related to fixed-rate commercial mortgage loans. These commitments were entered into in the normal course of business, and the directors do not expect a material adverse impact on the operations to arise from them.

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

INDEX TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED INTERIM FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Income Statements

Six Months Ended June 30,

 
   
  2010   2009    
 
   
  (In £ Millions, Except
Per Share Amounts)

   

Earned premiums, net of reinsurance

        11,256     9,518    

Investment return (note G and I)

        5,027     3,625    

Other income

        754     574    
                 

Total revenue, net of reinsurance

        17,037     13,717    
                 

Benefits and claims and movement in unallocated surplus of with-profits funds, net of reinsurance (note J)

        (13,650 )   (10,783 )  

Acquisition costs and other expenditure (note G and H)

        (2,654 )   (2,446 )  

Finance costs: interest on core structural borrowings of shareholder-financed operations

        (129 )   (84 )  

Loss on sale of Taiwan agency business (note K)

            (559 )  
                 

Total charges, net of reinsurance

        (16,433 )   (13,872 )  
                 

Profit (loss) before tax (being tax attributable to shareholders' and policyholders' returns)*

        604     (155 )  

Tax (charge) credit attributable to policyholders' returns

        (11 )   79    
                 

Profit (loss) before tax attributable to shareholders (note C)

        593     (76 )  
     

Tax (charge) credit (note L)

        (160 )   (103 )  

Less: tax attributable to policyholders' returns

        11     (79 )  

   

Tax (charge) credit attributable to shareholders' returns (note L)

        (149 )   (182 )  
                 

Profit (loss) from continuing operations after tax/ Profit (loss) for the period

        444     (258 )  
                 

Attributable to:

                   
 

Equity holders of the Company

        442     (254 )  
 

Non-controlling interests

        2     (4 )  
                 

Profit (loss) for the period

        444     (258 )  
                 

Earnings per share (in pence)

                   

Based on profit (loss) for the period attributable to the equity holders of the Company:

                   

Basic (note M)

        17.5 p   (10.2 )p  

Diluted (note M)

        17.5 p   (10.2 )p  

*
This measure is the formal profit (loss) before tax measure under IFRS but it is not the result attributable to shareholders.

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these interim financial statements.

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statement Of Comprehensive Income

Six Months Ended June 30,

 
  2010   2009  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Profit (loss) for the period

    444     (258 )

Other comprehensive income (loss):

             

Exchange movements on foreign operations and net investment hedges:

             

Exchange movements arising during the period

    315     (292 )

Related tax

    (8 )   (6 )
           

    307     (298 )
           

Available-for-sale securities:

             

Unrealized valuation movements on securities of US insurance operations classified as available-for-sale:

             
   

Unrealized holding gains arising during the period

    1,123     662  
   

Add back net losses included in the income statement on disposal and impairment

    21     146  
           
 

Total (note W)

    1,144     808  

Related change in amortization of deferred income and acquisition costs (note S)

    (510 )   (235 )

Related tax

    (215 )   (150 )
           

    419     423  
           

Other comprehensive income for the period, net of related tax

    726     125  
           

Total comprehensive income (loss) for the period

    1,170     (133 )
           

Attributable to:

             
   

Equity holders of the Company

    1,168     (129 )
   

Non-controlling interests

    2     (4 )
           

Total comprehensive income (loss) for the period

    1,170     (133 )
           

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these interim financial statements.

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statement Of Changes In Equity

Six Months Ended June 30, 2010

 
  Share
capital
  Share
premium
  Retained
earnings
  Translation
reserve
  Available-
for-sale
securities
reserve
  Shareholders'
equity
  Non-
controlling
interests
  Total
equity
 
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Reserves

                                                 

Total comprehensive income for the period

            442     307     419     1,168     2     1,170  

Dividends

            (344 )           (344 )       (344 )

Reserve movements in respect of share-based payments

            15             15         15  

Change in non-controlling interests arising principally from purchase and sale of property partnerships of the PAC with-profits fund and other consolidated investment funds

                            3     3  

Share capital and share premium

                                                 

New share capital subscribed

        39                 39         39  

Transfer to retained earnings in respect of shares issued in lieu of cash dividends

        (26 )   26                      

Treasury shares

                                                 

Movement in own shares in respect of share-based payment plans

            8             8         8  

Movement in Prudential plc shares purchased by unit trusts consolidated under IFRS

            4             4         4  
                                   

Net increase in equity

        13     151     307     419     890     5     895  

At beginning of period

    127     1,843     3,964     203     134     6,271     32     6,303  
                                   

At end of period

    127     1,856     4,115     510     553     7,161     37     7,198  
                                   

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these interim financial statements.

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statement Of Changes In Equity

Six Months Ended June 30, 2009

 
  Share
capital
  Share
premium
  Retained
earnings
  Translation
reserve
  Available-
for-sale
securities
reserve
  Shareholders'
equity
  Non-
controlling
interests
  Total
equity
 
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Reserves

                                                 

Total comprehensive income (loss) for the period

            (254 )   (298 )   423     (129 )   (4 )   (133 )

Dividends

            (322 )           (322 )       (322 )

Reserve movements in respect of share-based payments

            18             18         18  

Change in non-controlling interests arising principally from purchase and sale of property partnerships of the PAC with-profits fund and other consolidated investment funds

                            (22 )   (22 )

Share capital and share premium

                                                 

New share capital subscribed

    1     95                 96         96  

Transfer to retained earnings in respect of shares issued in lieu of cash dividends

        (95 )   95                      

Treasury shares

                                                 

Movement in own shares in respect of share-based payment plans

            7             7         7  

Movement in Prudential plc shares purchased by unit trusts consolidated under IFRS

            (8 )           (8 )       (8 )
                                   

Net increase (decrease) in equity

    1         (464 )   (298 )   423     (338 )   (26 )   (364 )

At beginning of period

    125     1,840     3,604     398     (909 )   5,058     55     5,113  
                                   

At end of period

    126     1,840     3,140     100     (486 )   4,720     29     4,749  
                                   

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these interim financial statements.

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statement Of Financial Position

Assets
  June 30,
2010
  December 31,
2009
 
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Intangible assets attributable to shareholders:

             
 

Goodwill (note R)

    1,465     1,310  
 

Deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assets (note S)

    4,028     4,049  
           

    5,493     5,359  
           

Intangible assets attributable to with-profits funds:

             
 

In respect of acquired subsidiaries for venture fund and other investment purposes

    124     124  
 

Deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assets

    110     106  
           

    234     230  
           
 

Total

    5,727     5,589  
           

Other non-investment and non-cash assets:

             
 

Property, plant and equipment

    382     367  
 

Reinsurers' share of insurance contract liabilities

    1,369     1,187  
 

Deferred tax asset (note L)

    2,691     2,708  
 

Current tax recoverable

    575     636  
 

Accrued investment income

    2,559     2,473  
 

Other debtors

    1,467     762  
           
 

Total

    9,043     8,133  
           

Investments of long-term business and other operations:

             
 

Investment properties

    11,360     10,905  
 

Investments accounted for using the equity method

    9     6  
 

Financial investments:

             
   

Loans (note U)

    9,587     8,754  
   

Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts

    71,775     69,354  
   

Debt securities (note V)

    113,334     101,751  
   

Other investments

    6,768     5,132  
   

Deposits

    9,766     12,820  
           
 

Total

    222,599     208,722  
           

Properties held for sale

    3     3  

Cash and cash equivalents

    6,040     5,307  
           

Total assets (note O)

    243,412     227,754  
           

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these interim financial statements.

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statement Of Financial Position (Continued)

Equity and liabilities
  June 30,
2010
  December 31,
2009
 
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Equity

             

Shareholders' equity

    7,161     6,271  

Non-controlling interests

    37     32  
           

Total equity

    7,198     6,303  
           

Liabilities

             

Policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds:

             
 

Contract liabilities (including amounts in respect of contracts classified as investment contracts under IFRS 4)

    198,913     186,398  
 

Unallocated surplus of with-profits funds

    10,066     10,019  
           
 

Total (note AA)

    208,979     196,417  
           

Core structural borrowings of shareholder-financed operations:

             
 

Subordinated debt

    2,767     2,691  
 

Other

    715     703  
           
 

Total (note X)

    3,482     3,394  
           

Other borrowings:

             
 

Operational borrowings attributable to shareholder-financed operations (note Y)

    3,234     2,751  
 

Borrowings attributable to with-profits operations (note Y)

    1,313     1,284  

Other non-insurance liabilities:

             
 

Obligations under funding, securities lending and sale and repurchase agreements

    3,222     3,482  
 

Net asset value attributable to unit holders of consolidated unit trusts and similar funds

    2,667     3,809  
 

Current tax liabilities

    1,272     1,215  
 

Deferred tax liabilities (note L)

    4,115     3,872  
 

Accruals and deferred income

    555     594  
 

Other creditors

    3,246     1,612  
 

Provisions

    641     643  
 

Derivative liabilities

    2,033     1,501  
 

Other liabilities

    1,455     877  
           
 

Total

    19,206     17,605  
           

Total liabilities

    236,214     221,451  
           

Total equity and liabilities (note O)

    243,412     227,754  
           

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these interim financial statements.

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

Six Months Ended June 30,

 
  2010   2009  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Cash flows from operating activities

             

Profit (loss) before tax (being tax attributable to shareholders' and policyholders' returns) (note (i))

    604     (155 )

Changes in operating assets and liabilities (note (ii))

    516     1,068  

Other items (note (ii))

    167     633  
           

Net cash flows from operating activities

    1,287     1,546  
           

Cash flows from investing activities

             

Net cash flows from purchases and disposals of property, plant and equipment

    (22 )   (22 )

Disposal of Taiwan agency business (notes (iii) and K)

        (436 )

Acquisition of UOB Life, net of cash balance (note (iv))

    (101 )    
           

Net cash flows from investing activities

    (123 )   (458 )
           

Cash flows from financing activities

             

Structural borrowings of the Group:

             
 

Shareholder-financed operations (notes (v) and X):

             
   

Issue of subordinated debt, net of costs

        379  
   

Redemption of senior debt

        (249 )
   

Interest paid

    (131 )   (98 )
 

With-profits operations (notes (vi) and Y):

             
   

Interest paid

    (4 )   (9 )

Equity capital (note (vii)):

             
 

Issues of ordinary share capital

    13      
 

Dividends paid

    (318 )   (226 )
           

Net cash flows from financing activities

    (440 )   (203 )
           

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents

    724     885  

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

    5,307     5,955  

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents

    9     (298 )
           

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

    6,040     6,542  
           

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these interim financial statements.


Notes

(i)
This measure is the formal profit (loss) before tax measure under IFRS but it is not the result attributable to shareholders.

(ii)
The adjusting items to profit (loss) before tax include changes in operating assets and liabilities, and other items including adjustments in respect of non-cash items, together with operational interest receipts and payments, dividend receipts, and

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    tax paid. The figure of £633 million for other items at half year 2009 includes £559 million for the loss on disposal of Taiwan agency business. The elements of the adjusting items within changes in operating assets and liabilities are as follows:

   
  2010   2009  
   
  (In £ Millions)
 
 

Other non-investment and non-cash assets

    (997 )   227  
 

Investments

    (5,278 )   (1,076 )
 

Policyholder liabilities (including unallocated surplus)

    6,086     2,265  
 

Other liabilities (including operational borrowings)

    705     (348 )
             
 

Changes in operating assets and liabilities

    516     1,068  
             
(iii)
The amount of £436 million for the first half of 2009 in respect of the disposal of the Taiwan agency business shown above, represents the cash and cash equivalents of £388 million held by Taiwan agency business transferred on disposal and restructuring costs paid in cash in the period of £3 million. In addition, the cashflow for the disposal includes a £45 million outflow to purchase a 9.99 per cent stake in China Life.

(iv)
On January 6, 2010, the Group announced the acquisition from United Overseas Bank Limited (UOB) of its 100 per cent interest in UOB Life Assurance Limited in Singapore (see note Q). The amount of £101 million net cash outflow in respect of this acquisition represents consideration which has been paid as at June, 30 2010 of £188 million, acquisition-related costs paid of £2 million, less cash and cash equivalents acquired of £89 million.

(v)
Structural borrowings of shareholder-financed operations comprise core debt of the holding company and Jackson surplus notes. Core debt excludes borrowings to support short-term fixed income securities program, non-recourse borrowings of investment subsidiaries of shareholder-financed operations and other borrowings of shareholder-financed operations. Cash flows in respect of these borrowings are included within cash flows from operating activities.

(vi)
Structural borrowings of with-profits operations relate solely to the £100 million 8.5 per cent undated subordinated guaranteed bonds which contribute to the solvency base of the Scottish Amicable Insurance Fund (SAIF), a ring-fenced sub-fund of the PAC with-profits fund. Cash flows in respect of other borrowings of with-profits funds, which principally relate to consolidated investment funds, are included within cash flows from operating activities.

(vii)
Cash movements in respect of equity capital exclude scrip dividends.

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

June 30, 2010

A     Basis of preparation and audit status

        These condensed consolidated interim financial statements for the six months ended June 30, 2010 have been prepared in accordance with IAS 34 "Interim Financial Reporting" as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and as adopted by the European Union (EU). The Group's policy for preparing this interim financial information is to use the accounting policies adopted by the Group in its last consolidated financial statements, as updated by any changes in accounting policies it intends to make in its next consolidated financial statements as a result of new or amended IFRSs that are applicable or available for early adoption for the next annual financial statements and other policy improvements. EU-endorsed IFRSs may differ from IFRSs issued by the IASB if, at any point in time, new or amended IFRSs have not been endorsed by the EU. At June 30, 2010, there were no unendorsed standards effective for the period ended June 30, 2010 affecting the condensed consolidated financial statements, and there were no differences between IFRSs endorsed by the EU and IFRSs issued by the IASB in terms of their application to the Group.

        The results for the six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009 are unaudited. The results for the year ended December 31, 2009 have been derived from Prudential's 2009 audited consolidated financial statements filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on Form 20-F. These 2009 consolidated financial statements do not represent Prudential's Statutory accounts for the purposes of the UK Companies Act 2006. The auditors have reported on the 2009 statutory accounts which have been delivered to the Registrar of Companies. The auditors' report was (i) unqualified, (ii) did not include a reference to any matters to which the auditors drew attention by way of emphasis without qualifying their report and (iii) did not contain a statement under section 498(2) or (3) of the Companies Act 2006.

B     Significant accounting policies

        The accounting policies applied by the Group in determining the IFRS basis results in this filing are the same as those previously applied in the Group's consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2009, except for the following adoption of new accounting pronouncements in 2010:

Revised IFRS 3, "Business Combinations" and Amendments to IAS 27, "Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements"

        The Group has applied the revised IFRS 3 and amended IAS 27 from January 1, 2010. The revised IFRS 3 and amended IAS 27 are the outcomes of the second phase of the IASB's and the US Financial Accounting Standards Board's (FASB) joint business combination project. The change in accounting policy as a result of the adoption of these standards has been applied prospectively. No restatement to 2009 comparatives is required. The more significant changes from the revised IFRS 3 include:

    the immediate expensing of acquisition-related costs rather than inclusion in goodwill; and

    recognition and measurement at fair value of contingent consideration at acquisition date with subsequent changes to income.

        The amendments to IAS 27 reflect changes to the accounting for non-controlling interests (known as minority interests prior to the amendments). From January 1, 2010, transactions that increase or decrease non-controlling interests without a change of control are accounted as equity transactions and therefore no goodwill is recognized.

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

B     Significant accounting policies (Continued)

        The adoption of revised IFRS 3 and amended IAS 27 has resulted in presentational and disclosure changes in the Group's financial statements, and affected the accounting for the acquisition of United Overseas Bank (UOB) Life Assurance Limited in Singapore. The disclosure on this acquisition is provided in note Q. As a result of the adoption of the revised IFRS 3, the Group has expensed the UOB Life acquisition-related costs incurred of £2 million which would otherwise have been included within goodwill.

Other accounting pronouncements adopted in 2010

        In addition, the Group has adopted the following accounting pronouncements in 2010 but their adoption has had no material impact on the results and financial position of the Group:

    Improvements to IFRSs (2009)

    Amendments to IFRS 2—Group cash-settled share-based payment transactions

    Amendments to IAS 39, "Financial instruments: Recognition and Measurement"—Eligible hedged items

        This is not intended to be a complete list of accounting pronouncements effective in 2010 as only those that could have an impact upon the Group's financial statements have been discussed.

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

C     Segment disclosure—income statement

 
  Six months Ended
June 30,
 
 
  2010   2009  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Asian operations (note (i))

             

Insurance operations (note E(i)):

             

Underlying results before exceptional credit

    262     149  

Exceptional credit (note E(i)(b))

        63  
           

Total Asian insurance operations

    262     212  

Development expenses

    (3 )   (5 )
           

Total Asian insurance operations after development expenses

    259     207  

Asian asset management

    36     21  
           

Total Asian operations

    295     228  
           

US operations

             

Jackson (US insurance operations) (note (ii) and E(ii))

    450     217  

Broker-dealer and asset management

    15     2  
           

Total US operations

    465     219  
           

UK operations

             

UK insurance operations:

             
 

Long-term business (note E(iii))

    307     303  
 

General insurance commission (note (iii))

    23     27  
           

Total UK insurance operations

    330     330  

M&G

    143     102  
           

Total UK operations

    473     432  
           

Total segment profit

    1,233     879  

Other income and expenditure

             

Investment return and other income

    5     13  

Interest payable on core structural borrowings

    (129 )   (84 )

Corporate expenditure:

             
 

Group Head Office

    (86 )   (74 )
 

Asia Regional Head Office

    (27 )   (23 )

Charge for share-based payments for Prudential schemes (note (iv))

    (3 )   (11 )
           

Total

    (240 )   (179 )
           

Solvency II implementation costs

    (22 )    

Restructuring costs (note (v))

    (3 )   (12 )
           

Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns (note (i))

    968     688  

Short-term fluctuations in investment returns on shareholder-backed business (note F)

    26     (80 )

Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes (note (vi))

    (24 )   (63 )

Costs of terminated AIA transaction (note G)

    (377 )    

Loss on sale and results for Taiwan agency business (notes (i) and K)

        (621 )
           

Profit (loss) from continuing operations before tax attributable to shareholders

    593     (76 )
           

Notes

(i)
Sale of Taiwan agency business: In order to facilitate comparisons of operating profit based on longer-term investment returns that reflect the Group's retained operations, the results attributable to the Taiwan business for which the sale process was completed in June 2009 are included separately within the supplementary analysis of profit for 2009.

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

C     Segment disclosure—income statement (Continued)

(ii)
The US insurance operating profit of £450 million includes £123 million of net equity hedging gains, net of related DAC, (first half of 2009: losses of £23 million) representing the movement in fair value of free standing derivatives included in operating profit and the movement in the accounting value of Jackson's variable and fixed index annuity products, for which a significant proportion are not fair valued. These net gains / losses are variable in nature.

(iii)
UK operations transferred its general insurance business to Churchill in 2002, with general insurance commission representing the net commission receivable net of expenses for Prudential-branded general insurance products as part of this arrangement.

(iv)
The charge for share-based payments for Prudential schemes is for the SAYE and Group performance-related schemes.

(v)
Restructuring costs of £3 million have been incurred in the UK (first half of 2009: £7 million) and £nil in central operations (first half of 2009: £5 million).

(vi)
The shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes reflects the aggregate of actual less expected returns on scheme assets, experience gains and losses, the effect of changes in assumptions and altered provisions for deficit funding, where relevant.

Determining operating segments and performance measure of operating segments

        The Group's operating segments determined in accordance with IFRS 8, are as follows:

    Insurance operations

    Asia
    US (Jackson)
    UK

        Asset management operations

    M&G
    Asian asset management
    US broker-dealer and asset management (including Curian)

        Prudential Capital has been incorporated into the M&G operating segment for the purposes of segment reporting.

        The performance measure of operating segments utilized by the Company is IFRS operating profit attributable to shareholders based on longer-term investment returns. This measure excludes the recurrent items of short-term fluctuations in investment returns and the shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes and transaction costs arising from business combinations. In addition, for 2010 this measure excluded costs associated with the terminated AIA transaction. For 2009 it excluded the non-recurrent cost of hedging the Group IGD capital surplus included within short-term fluctuations in investment returns. Furthermore, in 2009 the Company sold its Taiwan agency business. In order to facilitate comparisons on a like for like basis, the loss on sale and the results of the Taiwan agency business during the period of ownership are shown separately within the supplementary analysis of profits. Segments results that are reported to the Group Executive Committee (GEC) include items directly attributable to a segment as well as those that can be allocated on a reasonable basis. Unallocated items are mainly in relation to the Group Head Office and Asian Regional Head Office.

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

C     Segment disclosure—income statement (Continued)

        For the purposes of measuring operating profit, investment returns on shareholder-financed business are based on the expected longer-term rates of return. This reflects the particular features of long-term insurance business where assets and liabilities are held for the long-term and for which the accounting basis for insurance liabilities under current IFRS is not generally conducive to demonstrating trends in underlying performance for life businesses exclusive of changes in market conditions. In determining profit on this basis, the following key elements are applied to the results of the Group's shareholder-financed operations.

(a)   Debt and equity securities

        Longer-term investment returns comprise income and longer-term capital returns. For debt securities the longer-term capital returns comprise two elements. These are a risk margin reserve (RMR) based charge for expected defaults, which is determined by reference to the credit quality of the portfolio, and amortization of interest-related realized gains and losses to operating results based on longer-term investment returns to the date when sold bonds would have otherwise matured.

        The shareholder-backed operation for which the risk margin reserve charge is most significant is Jackson National Life. During the second half of 2009, the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) changed its approach to the determination of regulatory ratings of residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS), using an external third party, PIMCO, to develop regulatory ratings detail for more than 20,000 RMBS securities owned by US insurers at the end of 2009. Jackson has used the ratings resulting from this model to determine the average annual RMR for half year 2010 and full year 2009 as this is considered more relevant information for the RMBS securities concerned than the previous approach of using ratings by Nationally Recognized Statistical Ratings Organization (NRSRO). It should be noted that this has no impact on the valuation applied to those securities within the IFRS statement of financial position and there is no impact to IFRS profit before tax or shareholders' equity as a result of this change.

(b)   Derivative value movements

        Value movements for Jackson's equity-based derivatives and variable and fixed index annuity product embedded derivatives are included in operating profits based on longer-term investment returns. To ensure these reflect longer-term movements the fair value movement included in operating profit is based on longer-term equity volatility levels and long-term average AA corporate bond rate curves, with the movement relating to change in current rates being included in short-term fluctuations. The operating profits based on longer-term investment returns explicitly include:

    The fair value movement in free standing hedging derivatives, excluding the impact of the difference between longer-term and current period implied equity volatility levels as mentioned above;

    The movement in liabilities for those embedded derivative liabilities which are fair valued in accordance with IFRS, primarily GMWB "not for life" and fixed index annuity business, excluding the impacts of the differences between longer-term and current period equity volatility and incorporating 10-year average yield curves, in lieu of current period yield curves;

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

C     Segment disclosure—income statement (Continued)

    Movements in IFRS basis guarantee liabilities for GMWB "for life", being those policies where a minimum annual withdrawal is permitted for the duration of the policyholders life subject to certain conditions, and GMDB business for which, under the US GAAP rules applied under IFRS, the reserving methodology under US GAAP principles generally gives rise to a muted impact of current period market movements; and

    Related changes to the amortization of deferred acquisition costs for each of the above items.

        The effects of the above components give rise to variable gains and losses arising from the differing measuring basis between some assets and liabilities. This is further discussed in note E (ii).

        Other derivative value movements are excluded from operating results based on longer-term investment returns. These derivatives are primarily held by Jackson as part of a broadly-based hedging program for features of Jackson's bond portfolio (for which value movements are booked in the statement of comprehensive income rather than the income statement) and product liabilities (for which US GAAP accounting does not reflect the economic features being hedged).

        These key elements are of most importance in determining the operating results based on longer-term investment returns of Jackson.

        There are two exceptions to the basis described above for determining operating results based on longer-term investment returns. These are for:

    Unit-linked and US variable annuity business. For such business the policyholder liabilities are directly reflective of the asset value movements. Accordingly all asset value movements are recorded in the operating results based on longer-term investment returns.

    Assets covering non-participating business liabilities that are interest rate sensitive. For UK annuity business policyholder liabilities are determined by reference to current interest rates. The value movements of the assets covering liabilities are closely correlated with the related change in liabilities. Accordingly asset value movements are recorded within the operating results based on longer-term investment returns. Policyholder liabilities include a margin for credit risk. Variations between actual and best estimate expected impairments are recorded as a component of short-term fluctuations in investment returns.

(c)   Liabilities to policyholders and embedded derivatives for product guarantees

        Under IFRS, the degree to which the carrying values of liabilities to policyholders are sensitive to current market conditions varies between territories depending upon the nature of the "grandfathered" measurement basis. In general, in those instances where the liabilities are particularly sensitive to routine changes in market conditions, the accounting basis is such that the impact of market movements on the assets and liabilities is broadly equivalent in the income statement, and operating profit based on longer-term investments returns is not distorted. In these circumstances, there is no need for the movement in the liability to be bifurcated between the elements that relate to longer-term market conditions and short-term effects.

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

C     Segment disclosure—income statement (Continued)

        However, some types of business movements in liabilities do require bifurcation to ensure that at the net level (i.e. after allocated investment return and change for policyholder benefits) the operating result reflects longer-term market returns.

        Examples where such bifurcation is necessary are:

(i)    Asia

    Vietnamese participating business

        For the participating business in Vietnam the liabilities include policyholders' interest in investment appreciation and other surplus. Bonuses paid in a reporting period and accrued policyholders' interest in investment appreciation and other surpluses primarily reflect the level of realized investment gains above contract specific hurdle levels. For this business, operating profit based on longer-term investment returns includes the aggregate of longer-term returns on the relevant investments, a credit or charge equal to movements on the liability for the policyholders' interest in realized investment gains (net of any recovery of prior deficits on the participating pool), less amortization over five years of current and prior movements on such credits or charges.

        The overall purpose of these adjustments is to ensure that investment returns included in operating results equal longer-term returns but that in any one reporting period movements on liabilities to policyholders caused by investment returns are substantially matched in the presentation of the supplementary analysis of profit before tax attributable to policyholders.

    Non-participating business

        Bifurcation for the effect of determining the movement in the carrying value of liabilities to be included in operating results based on longer-term investment returns, and the residual element for the effect of using year end rates is included in short-term fluctuations and in the income statement.

    Guaranteed Minimum Death Benefit (GMDB) product features

        For unhedged GMDB liabilities accounted for under IFRS using "grandfathered" US GAAP, such as in the Japanese business, the change in carrying value is determined under FASB Accounting Standards Codification Subtopic 944-80 (formerly SOP 03-01), which partially reflects changes in market conditions. Under the Company's supplementary basis of reporting the operating profit reflects the change in liability based on longer-term market conditions with the difference between the charge to the operating result and the movement reflected in the total result included in short-term fluctuations in investment returns.

(ii)   US operations—Embedded derivatives for variable annuity guarantee features

        Under IFRS, the "not for life" Guaranteed Minimum Withdrawal Benefit (GMWB) is required to be fair valued as an embedded derivative. The movement in carrying values is affected by changes in equity market levels, as well as the level of observed implied equity volatility and changes to the interest rates applied from period to period. For these embedded derivatives the interest rates applied reflect current yield curve rates. For the purposes of determining operating profit based on longer-term investment

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

C     Segment disclosure—income statement (Continued)


returns the charge for these features is determined using historical longer-term equity volatility levels and long-term average yield curves.

        The Guaranteed Minimum Income Benefit (GMIB) liability, which is fully reinsured, subject to annual claim limits, is accounted for in accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification Subtopic 944-80 (formerly SOP 03-01). As the corresponding reinsurance asset is net settled, it is considered to be a derivative under IAS 39 and the asset is therefore recognized at fair value. As the GMIB benefit is economically reinsured the mark to market element of the reinsurance asset is included as a component of short-term derivative fluctuation.

(iii)   UK shareholder-backed annuity business

        With one exception, the operating result based on longer-term investment returns reflects the impact of all value movements on policyholder liabilities for annuity business in PRIL and the PAC non-profit sub-fund.

        The exception is for the impact on credit risk provisioning of actual downgrades during the period. As this feature arises due to short-term market conditions, the effect of downgrades, if any, in a particular period, on the overall provisions for credit risk is included in the category of short-term fluctuations in investment returns.

        The effects of other changes to credit risk provisioning are included in the operating result, as is the net effect of changes to the valuation rate of interest due to portfolio rebalancing to align more closely with management benchmark.

(d)   Fund management and other non-insurance businesses

        For these businesses, the particular features applicable for life assurance noted above do not apply. For these businesses it is inappropriate to include returns in the operating result on the basis described above. Instead, it is appropriate to generally include realized gains and losses (including impairments) in the operating result with unrealized gains and losses being included in short-term fluctuations. For this purpose impairments are calculated as the credit loss determined by comparing the projected cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rate to the carrying value. In some instances it may also be appropriate to amortize realized gains and losses on derivatives and other financial instruments to operating results over a time period that reflects the underlying economic substance of the arrangements.

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

C     Segment disclosure—income statement (Continued)

Additional segmental analysis of revenue

        The additional segmental analyses of revenue from external customers are as follows:

 
  Six Months Ended
June 30, 2010
 
 
  Asia   US   UK   Intragroup   Total  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Revenue from external customers:

                               

Insurance operations

    3,009     5,676     2,733     (6 )   11,412  

Asset management

    120     295     322     (146 )   591  

Unallocated corporate

            7         7  

Intragroup revenue eliminated on consolidation

    (36 )   (32 )   (84 )   152      
                       

Total revenue from external customers

    3,093     5,939     2,978         12,010  
                       

 

 
  Six Months Ended
June 30, 2009
 
 
  Asia   US   UK   Intragroup   Total  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Revenue from external customers:

                               

Insurance operations

    2,783     3,970     3,048     (8 )   9,793  

Asset management

    64     190     162     (122 )   294  

Unallocated corporate

            5         5  

Intragroup revenue eliminated on consolidation

    (32 )   (29 )   (69 )   130      
                       

Total revenue from external customers

    2,815     4,131     3,146         10,092  
                       

Revenue from external customers is made up of the following:

 
  Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
 
  2010   2009  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Earned premiums, net of reinsurance

    11,256     9,518  

Fee income from investment contract business and asset management (included within "other income")

    754     574  
           

Total revenue from external customers

    12,010     10,092  
           

        In their capacity as fund managers to fellow Prudential Group subsidiaries, M&G, the US and the Asian asset management businesses earn fees for investment management and related services. These fees totaled £146 million in the first half of 2010 (first half of 2009: £122 million) and are included in the asset management segment above. In the first half of 2010, the remaining £6 million (first half of 2009: £8 million) of intragroup revenue was recognized by UK insurance operations. These services are charged at appropriate arm's length prices, typically priced as a percentage of funds under management.

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

D     Profit before tax—Asset management operations Group statement of financial position

        The profit included in the income statement in respect of asset management operations is as follows:

 
   
   
   
  Six Months Ended June 30,  
 
  M&G   US   Asia   2010   2009  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Revenue (note (i))

    364     299     121     784     663  

Charges (note (i))

    (225 )   (284 )   (85 )   (594 )   (537 )
                       

Profit before tax

    139     15     36     190     126  
                       

Comprising:

                               

Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns (note (ii))

    143     15     36     194     125  

Short-term fluctuations in investment returns

    12             12     3  

Actuarial losses on defined benefit pension schemes

    (16 )           (16 )   (2 )
                       

    139     15     36     190     126  
                       

Notes

(i)
Included within M&G are realized and unrealized net investment gains/losses in respect of consolidated investment funds and Prudential Capital. The investment funds are managed on behalf of third parties and consolidated under IFRS in recognition of the control arrangements for the funds. The investment gains/losses in respect of the investment funds are non-recourse to M&G and the Group and are added back through charges. Consequently there is no impact on profit before tax. Excluding the grossing up in respect of the consolidated investment funds, the revenue for M&G would be £ 338 million (first half of 2009: £262 million) and the charges £199 million (first half of 2009: £159 million).

(ii)
M&G operating profit based on longer-term investment returns

   
  Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
   
  2010   2009  
   
  (In £ Millions)
 
 

Asset management fee income

    298     195  
 

Other income

    1     7  
 

Staff costs

    (122 )   (85 )
 

Other costs

    (58 )   (42 )
             
 

Underlying profit before performance-related fees

    119     75  
 

Performance-related fees

    3      
             
 

Operating profit from asset management operations

    122     75  
 

Operating profit from Prudential Capital

    21     27  
             
 

Total M&G operating profit based on longer-term investment returns

    143     102  
             

    The difference between the fees and other income shown above in respect of asset management operations, and the revenue figure for M&G shown in the main table primarily relates to income and investment gains/losses earned by Prudential Capital and by investment funds controlled by the asset management operations which are consolidated under IFRS.

I-19


Table of Contents


Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

E      Key assumptions, estimates and bases used to measure insurance assets and liabilities

(i)    Asian insurance operations

(a)   In the first half of 2010, one-off changes made to reserving assumptions resulted in a release from liabilities of £19 million.

(b)   In 2009, the local regulatory basis in Malaysia was replaced by the Malaysian authority's Risk-Based Capital (RBC) framework. In light of this development, the Company re-measured these liabilities by reference to the method applied under the new RBC framework which resulted in a one-off release from liabilities at January 1, 2009 of £63 million.

(ii)   US insurance operations

(a)   In the first half of 2010 and the first half of 2009, operating result for Jackson was affected by net equity hedge effects in the following manner:

 
  Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
 
  2010   2009  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Result excluding equity hedge result and related amortization of deferred acquisition costs (note (i))

    327     240  

Equity hedge results net of related amortization of deferred acquisition costs

    123     (23 )
           

Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns

    450     217  
           

Note

(i)
The result excluding the equity hedge result after amortization of deferred acquisition costs which varies both with the underlying financial performance of the Jackson business and with the difference between the actual separate account return in the period and that assumed in the prior year DAC valuation. This acceleration or deceleration in DAC as a result of market movement is discussed further in note S.

Equity hedge results

        The equity hedge result relates to the management of the equity hedge risk within the Group's variable annuity, and to a much lesser extent fixed index annuity businesses. It primarily reflects the difference between the value movement included in operating profit on free-standing derivatives and the movement in the accounting value of liabilities for guarantees in Jackson's variable annuity products. For certain of these guarantees, namely Guaranteed Minimum Death Benefit (GMDB) and "for-life" Guaranteed Minimum Withdrawal Benefit (GMWB) features, the liabilities are not fair valued for accounting purposes but are reported pursuant to the US GAAP measurement basis applied for IFRS. Among other factors, these differences in approach to valuing assets and liabilities give rise to variable hedging gains or losses, which for the six month period ended June 30, 2010 totaled £123 million positive after allowing for related DAC amortization. Over the longer term it is anticipated that such gains and losses will substantially reverse. The total cumulative impact of these equity hedge results, net of related deferred acquisition costs, for the 30 months ended June 30, 2010 is a small gain of £35 million.

I-20


Table of Contents


Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

E      Key assumptions, estimates and bases used to measure insurance assets and liabilities (Continued)

        Jackson hedges on an economic basis all embedded derivatives as well as related fees and claims, through a combination of options and futures after taking into account the natural offsets in the book. These equity related hedging instruments and the liabilities to which they relate have been included in operating results consistent with the fees and claims to which they will ultimately relate.

(iii)  UK insurance operations—annuity business: allowance for credit risk

        For IFRS reporting, the results for UK shareholder-backed annuity business are particularly sensitive to the allowances made for credit risk. The allowance is reflected in the deduction from the valuation rate of interest for discounting projected future annuity payments to policyholders that would have otherwise applied. Since mid-2007 there has been a significant increase in the actual and perceived credit risk associated with corporate bonds as reflected in the significant widening that has occurred in corporate bond spreads. Although bond spreads over swap rates have narrowed from their peak in March 2009, they are still high compared with the levels seen in the years immediately preceding the start of the dislocated markets in 2007. The allowance that should therefore be made for credit risk remains a particular area of judgment.

        The additional yield received on corporate bonds relative to swaps can be broken into the following constituent parts:

    the expected level of future defaults;

    the credit risk premium that is required to compensate for the potential volatility in default levels; and

    the liquidity premium that is required to compensate for the lower liquidity of corporate bonds relative to swaps.

        The credit risk allowance is a function of the asset type and the credit quality of the underlying portfolio. Government bonds are generally given a credit default allowance of zero. For corporate bonds the credit allowance varies by credit rating. An analysis of the credit ratings of debt securities is included in note V.

        Given that the normal business model is for Prudential's annuity business to hold bonds to match long-term liabilities, the valuation rate that is applied to discount the future annuity payments includes a liquidity premium that reflects the residual element of current bond spreads over swap rates after providing for the credit risk.

        Historically, until the second half of 2007, when corporate bond spreads widened significantly, the allowance for credit risk was calculated as the long-term expected defaults and a long-term credit risk premium. This long-term credit risk was supplemented by a short-term allowance from December 31, 2007 to allow for the concern that credit ratings applied by the rating agencies may be downgraded and defaults in the short term might be higher than the long-term assumptions.

        The weighted components of the bond spread over swap rates for shareholder-backed fixed and linked annuity business for PRIL at June 30, 2010 and June 30, 2009 based on the asset mix at the relevant balance sheet date are shown below.

I-21


Table of Contents


Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

E      Key assumptions, estimates and bases used to measure insurance assets and liabilities (Continued)

June 30, 2010

 
  Pillar I
regulatory
basis (bps)
  Adjustment from
regulatory to
IFRS
basis (bps)
  IFRS (bps)  

Bond spread over swap rates (note (i))

    173         173  
               

Credit risk allowance

                   
 

Long-term expected defaults (note (ii))

    17         17  
 

Long-term credit risk premium (note (iii))

    11         11  
 

Short-term allowance for credit risk (note (iv))

    39     (25 )   14  
               

Total credit risk allowance

    67     (25 )   42  
               

Liquidity premium

    106     25     131  
               

June 30, 2009

 
  Pillar I
regulatory
basis (bps)
  Adjustment from
regulatory to
IFRS
basis (bps)
  IFRS (bps)  

Bond spread over swap rates (note (i))

    275         275  
               

Credit risk allowance

                   
 

Long-term expected defaults (note (ii))

    24         24  
 

Long-term credit risk premium (note (iii))

    15         15  
 

Short-term allowance for credit risk (note (iv))

    46     (28 )   18  
               

Total credit risk allowance

    85     (28 )   57  
               

Liquidity premium

    190     28     218  
               

Notes

(i)
Bond spread over swap rates reflect market observed data.

(ii)
Long-term expected defaults are derived by applying Moody's data from 1970 to 2004 uplifted by between 100 per cent (B) and 200 per cent (AAA) according to credit rating on the annuity asset portfolio. The credit rating assigned to each asset held is based on external credit rating and for this purpose the credit rating assigned to each asset held is the lowest credit rating published by Moody's, Standard and Poor's and Fitch.

(iii)
The long-term credit risk premium provides compensation against the risk of potential volatility in the level of defaults and is derived by applying the 95th percentile from Moody's data from 1970 to 2004 to the annuity asset portfolio.

(iv)
The short-term allowance for credit risk was increased substantially in 2008 to be equal to 25 per cent of the increase in corporate bond spreads as estimated from the movements in published corporate bond spreads (as estimated from the movements in published corporate bond indices) since December 31, 2006. Subsequent to this date movements have reflected events in the period, namely the impact of credit migration, the decision not to release favorable default experience, new business and asset trading amongst other items. This is demonstrated by the analyses below.

    The very prudent Pillar I regulatory basis reflects the overriding objective of ensuring sufficient provisions and capital to ensure payments to policyholders can be made. The approach for IFRS, on the other hand, aims to establish liabilities that are closer to "best estimate". IFRS default assumptions are therefore set between the EEV and Pillar I assumptions.

I-22


Table of Contents


Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

E      Key assumptions, estimates and bases used to measure insurance assets and liabilities (Continued)

Factors affecting the credit risk allowance at June 30, 2010

        The main factors influencing the credit risk allowance at June 30, 2010 for PRIL were as follows:

 
  Pillar 1
Regulatory basis
  IFRS  
 
  (bps)   (bps)  
 
  Long
term
  Short
term
  Total   Long
term
  Short
term
  Total  

Total allowance for credit risk at December 31, 2009

    32     39     71     32     15     47  

Credit migration

    1     (1 )       1     (1 )    

Retention of surplus from favorable default experience

        3     3         1     1  

Asset trading

    (4 )       (4 )   (4 )       (4 )

New business

        (1 )   (1 )            

Other

    (1 )   (1 )   (2 )   (1 )   (1 )   (2 )
                           

Total allowance for credit risk at June 30, 2010

    28     39     67     28     14     42  
                           

        The reserves for credit risk allowance at June 30, 2010 for the UK shareholder annuity fund were as follows:

 
  Pillar 1
Regulatory basis
  IFRS  
 
  Long term   Short term   Total   Long term   Short term   Total  
 
  (In £ Billions)
 

PRIL

    0.6     0.9     1.5     0.6     0.3     0.9  

PAC non-profit sub-fund

    0.1     0.1     0.2     0.1     0.0     0.1  
                           

Total

    0.7     1.0     1.7     0.7     0.3     1.0  
                           

I-23


Table of Contents


Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

F      Short-term fluctuations in investment returns on shareholder-backed business

 
   
  Six Months Ended
June 30,
   
 
   
  2010   2009    
 
   
  (In £ Millions)
   

Insurance operations:

                   
 

Asian (note (i))

        41     (41 )  
 

US (note (iii))

        (120 )   165    
 

UK (note (i) and note (iv))

        93     (63 )  

Other operations

                   
     
 

—IGD hedge costs (note (v))

            (216 )  
 

—Other (note (vi))

        12     75    
     

        12     (141 )  
                 

Total

        26     (80 )  
                 

Notes

(i)
General overview of defaults

    The Group did not incur any defaults in the first half of 2010 on its debt securities portfolio (first half 2009: £11 million). The defaults of £11 million in the first half of 2009 were experienced primarily by the UK shareholder-backed annuity business. Jackson experienced less than £1 million of default losses during 2009.

(ii)
Asian insurance operations

    The fluctuations for Asian operations in the first half of 2010 were a gain of £41 million (first half of 2009: charge of £41 million) and primarily relate to unrealized gains on the shareholder debt portfolio in the period.

I-24


Table of Contents


Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

F      Short-term fluctuations in investment returns on shareholder-backed business (Continued)

(iii)
US insurance operations

    The short-term fluctuations in investment returns for US insurance operations comprise the following items:

   
  Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
   
  2010   2009  
   
  (In £ Millions)
 
 

Short-term fluctuations relating to debt securities:

             
     

Charges in the period (note a)

             
       

Defaults

         
       

Losses on sales of impaired and deteriorating bonds

    (100 )   (44 )
       

Bond write downs

    (64 )   (324 )
       

Recoveries/reversals

    3     2  
             
 

    (161 )   (366 )
     

Less: Risk margin charge included in operating profit based on longer-term investment returns (note b)

    36     41  
             
 

    (125 )   (325 )
             
   

Interest related realized gains (losses):

             
     

Arising in the period

    169     75  
     

Less: Amortization of gains and losses arising in current and prior periods to operating profit based on longer-term investment returns

    (47 )   (34 )
             
 

    122     41  
             
 

Related change to amortization of deferred acquisition costs

    (2 )   37  
             
 

Total short-term fluctuation related to debt securities

    (5 )   (247 )
 

Derivatives (other than equity related): market value movement (net of related change to amortization of deferred acquisition costs) (note c)

    111     339  
 

Equity type investments: actual less longer-term return (net of related change to amortization of deferred acquisition costs) (note b)

    1     (40 )
 

Equity-related derivatives: volatility and interest rate normalization (net of related change to amortization of deferred acquisition costs) (note d)

    (238 )   91  
 

Other items (net of related change to amortization of deferred acquisition costs)

    11     22  
             
 

Total

    (120 )   165  
             
a
The charges in the period relating to debt securities of Jackson comprise the following:

   
  Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
   
  2010   2009  
   
  (In £ Millions)
 
 

Residential mortgage-backed securities:

             
   

Prime

    7     123  
   

Alt-A

    26     98  
   

Sub-prime

    6     18  
             
 

Total residential mortgage-backed securities

    39     239  
 

Piedmont securities

    25     5  
 

Corporates

        80  
 

Losses on sales of impaired and deteriorating bonds net of recoveries

    97     42  
             
 

    161     366  
             

    Jackson experienced no bond default losses during the first half of 2010.

I-25


Table of Contents


Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

F      Short-term fluctuations in investment returns on shareholder-backed business (Continued)

b
The risk margin reserve (RMR) charge for longer-term credit related losses for the first half of 2010 is based on an average annual RMR of 25 basis points (first half of 2009: 28 basis points) on an average book value of US$43.7 billion (first half of 2009: US$44.1 billion) as shown below:

   
  Six Months Ended
June 30,
  Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
   
  2010   2009  
 
Moody's rating category
or equivalent under
NAIC ratings of RMBS
  Average
Book value
  RMR   Annual expected losses   Average
Book value
  RMR   Annual expected losses  
   
  US $m
  %
  US $m
  £m
  US $m
  %
  US $m
  £m
 
 

A3 or higher

    20,142     0.06     (11 )   (7 )   19,780     0.02     (4 )   (3 )
 

Baa1, 2 or 3

    20,747     0.25     (51 )   (33 )   20,955     0.22     (47 )   (32 )
 

Ba1, 2 or 3

    2,016     1.04     (21 )   (14 )   1,947     1.17     (23 )   (16 )
 

B1, 2 or 3

    505     2.97     (15 )   (10 )   609     2.86     (17 )   (11 )
 

Below B3

    339     3.87     (13 )   (8 )   769     3.93     (30 )   (20 )
                                     
 

Total

    43,749     0.25     (111 )   (72 )   44,060     0.28     (121 )   (82 )
                                             
 

Related change to amortization of deferred acquisition costs

    28     18                 23     16  
                                             
 

Risk margin reserve charge for longer-term credit related losses

    (83 )   (54 )               (98 )   (66 )
                                             

    For the period ended June 30, 2010, Jackson has continued the practice commenced in the second half of 2009 in relation to RMBS to determine the risk margin charge included in operating profit based on longer-term investment returns using the regulatory rating as determined by a third party, PIMCO on behalf of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC). See note C for further information.

    The longer-term rates of return for equity-type investments are currently based on spreads over 10 year US treasury rates of 400 to 600 basis points. The longer-term rates of return for equity-type investments ranged from 7.0 per cent to 9.9 per cent at June 30, 2010 and 6.7 per cent to 9.6 per cent at June 30, 2009 depending on the type of investments.

    Except for the effect of the difference between current period and longer term levels of implied equity volatility and AA corporate bond yield curves, market value movements on equity-based derivatives and embedded derivatives are also recorded within operating profits based on longer-term investment returns so as to be consistent with the market related effects on fees and reserve movements for equity-based products. Market value movements on other derivatives are excluded from operating profit, and are included in short-term fluctuations in investment returns.

    Consistent with the basis of measurement of insurance assets and liabilities for US GAAP investment contracts to Jackson's IFRS results, the charges and credits to operating profits based on longer-term investment returns are partially offset by related changes to amortization of deferred acquisition costs.

c
The gain of £111 million (first half of 2009: gain of £339 million) is for value movement of freestanding derivatives held to manage the fixed annuity and other general account business. Under IAS 39, unless hedge accounting is applied value movements on derivatives are recognized in the income statement.

    Except for the effect of the difference between current period and longer-term levels of implied equity volatility and AA corporate bond yield curves, derivative value movements in respect of variable annuity business are included within the operating profit based on longer-term investment returns to broadly match with the commercial effects to which the variable annuity derivative program relates, (subject to some limitations to GMDB and certain GMWB liabilities where US GAAP does not fully reflect the economic features being hedged). Other derivative value movements are separately identified within short-term fluctuations in investment returns.

    For the derivatives program attaching to the fixed annuity and other general account business the Group has continued in its approach of not seeking to apply hedge accounting under IAS 39. This decision reflects the inherent constraints of IAS 39 for hedge accounting investments and life assurance assets and liabilities under "grandfathered" US GAAP under IFRS 4.

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Table of Contents


Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

F      Short-term fluctuations in investment returns on shareholder-backed business (Continued)

d
The £238 million loss (first half of 2009: gain of £91 million) for equity-related derivatives is for the normalization of value movements for freestanding and embedded derivatives. This normalization reflects the inclusions of longer-term implied equity volatility levels and also, for embedded derivatives 10 year average AA corporate bond yield curves in the value movement included in operating profits. The effect of the difference between actual levels of implied equity volatility and end of period AA corporate bond yield curves is reflected in short-term fluctuations in investment return.

    In addition, for US insurance operations, included within the statement of comprehensive income is an increase in net unrealized gains on debt securities classified as available-for-sale of £1,144 million (first half of 2009: reduction in net unrealized losses of £808 million). These temporary market value movements do not reflect defaults or impairments. Additional details on the movement in the value of the Jackson portfolio are included in note W.

(iii)
UK insurance operations

    The first half of 2010 short-term fluctuations gain for UK insurance operations of £93 million reflects asset value movements principally on the shareholder backed annuity business (first half of 2009: loss of £63 million).

(iv)
IGD hedge costs

    During the severe equity market conditions experienced in the first quarter of 2009 coupled with historically high equity volatility, the Group entered into exceptional short-dated hedging contracts to protect against potential tail-events on the IGD capital position, in addition to the regular operational hedging programs. The hedge contracts expired in 2009 and have not been renewed.

(vi)
Other operations

    Short-term fluctuations of other operations, in addition to the previously discussed IGD hedge costs, arise from:

   
  Six months ended
June 30,
 
   
  2010   2009  
   
  (In £ Millions)
 
 

Unrealized value movements on swaps held centrally to manage Group assets and liabilities

        69  
 

Unrealized value movements on Prudential Capital bond portfolio

    12     2  
 

Unrealized value movements on investments held by other operations

        4  
             
 

Total

    12     75  
             

I-27


Table of Contents


Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

G     Costs of terminated AIA transaction

        The following costs were incurred in relation to the proposed, and now terminated transaction, to purchase AIA Group Limited and related rights issue.

 
  Six months ended
June 30,
 
 
  2010  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Termination break fee

    153  

Underwriting fees

    58  

Costs associated with foreign exchange hedging

    100  

Adviser fees and other

    66  
       

Total costs before tax

    377  

Associated tax relief

    (93 )
       

Total costs after tax

    284  
       

        Of the £377 million total costs before tax, the £100 million associated with foreign exchange hedging has been recorded within "Investment return" and the other £277 million has been recorded as "Other expenditure" within "Acquisition costs and other expenditure" in the condensed consolidated income statement.

H     Acquisition costs and other expenditure

 
  Six months ended
June 30,
 
 
  2010   2009  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Net acquisition costs incurred less deferred

    423     397  

Amortization of acquisition costs

    378     441  

Other expenditure

    1,839     1,444  

Movements in amounts attributable to external unit holders

    14     164  
           

Total acquisition costs and other expenditure

    2,654     2,446  
           

I-28


Table of Contents


Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

I       Allocation of investment return between policyholders and shareholders

        Investment return is attributable to policyholders and shareholders. A key feature of the accounting policies under IFRS is that the investment return included in the income statement relates to all investment assets of the Group, irrespective of whether the return is attributable to shareholders, to policyholders or to the unallocated surplus of with-profits funds, the latter two of which have no net impact on shareholders' profit. The table below provides a breakdown of the investment return for each regional operation attributable to each type of business.

 
  Six months ended
June 30,
 
 
  2010   2009  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Asian operations

             
 

Policyholders returns

             
   

Assets backing unit-linked liabilities

    (4 )   1,108  
   

With-profits business

    34     507  
           

    30     1,615  
           
 

Shareholder returns

    209     188  
           

Total

    239     1,803  
           

US operations

             
 

Policyholders returns

             
   

Assets held to back (separate account) unit-linked liabilities

    (981 )   772  
           
 

Shareholder returns

             
   

Realized gains and losses (including impairment losses on available-for-sale bonds)

    14     (300 )
   

Value movements on derivative hedging program for general account business

    149     372  
   

Interest/dividend income and value movements on other financial instruments for which fair value movements are booked in the income statement

    787     1,073  
           

    950     1,145  
           

Total

    (31 )   1,917  
           

I-29


Table of Contents


Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

I       Allocation of investment return between policyholders and shareholders (Continued)

 
  Six months ended
June 30,
 
 
  2010   2009  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

UK operations

             
 

Policyholder returns

             
   

Scottish Amicable Insurance Fund (SAIF)

    304     (29 )
   

Assets held to back unit-linked liabilities

    423     122  
   

With-profits fund (excluding SAIF)

    2,576     (471 )
           

    3,303     (378 )
           
 

Shareholder returns

             
   

Prudential Retirement Income Limited (PRIL)

    1,150     330  
   

Other business

    463     78  
           

    1,613     408  
           

Total

    4,916     30  
           

Unallocated corporate

             
 

Shareholder returns

    (97 )   (125 )
           

Group Total

             
 

Policyholder returns

    2,352     2,009  
 

Shareholder returns

    2,675     1,616  
           

Total

    5,027     3,625  
           

        The returns as shown in the table above are delineated between those returns allocated to policyholders and those allocated to shareholders. In making this distinction, returns allocated to policyholders are those from investments in which shareholders have no direct economic interest, namely:

    Unit-linked business in the UK, Asia and SAIF in the UK, for which the investment return is wholly attributable to policyholders;

    Separate account business of US operations, the investment return of which is also wholly attributable to policyholders; and

    With-profits business (excluding SAIF) in the UK and Asia (in which the shareholders' economic interest, and the basis of recognizing IFRS basis profits, is restricted to a share of the actuarially determined surplus for distribution (in the UK ten per cent)). Except for this surplus the investment return of the with-profit funds is attributable to policyholders (through the asset-share liabilities) or the unallocated surplus, which is accounted for as a liability under IFRS 4.

        The investment return related to the types of business above does not impact shareholders' profits directly. However, there is an indirect impact, for example, investment-related fees or the effect of investment return on the shareholders' share of the cost of bonuses of with-profits funds.

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Table of Contents


Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

I       Allocation of investment return between policyholders and shareholders (Continued)

        Investment returns for unit-linked and similar products have reciprocal impact on benefits and claims, with a decrease in market returns on the attached pool of assets affecting policyholder benefits on these products. Similarly for with-profits funds there is a close correlation between increases or decreases in investment returns and the level of combined charge for policyholder benefits and movement on unallocated surplus that arises from such returns.

Shareholder returns

        For shareholder-backed non-participating business of the UK (comprising PRIL and other non-linked non-participating business) and of the Asian operations, the investment return is not directly attributable to policyholders and therefore does impact shareholders' profit directly. However, it should be noted that for UK shareholder-backed annuity business, principally PRIL, where the durations of asset and liability cash flows are closely matched, the discount rate applied to measure liabilities to policyholders (under "grandfathered" UK GAAP and under IFRS 4) reflects movements in asset yields (after allowances for the future defaults) of the backing portfolios. Therefore, the net impact on the shareholders' profits of the investment return of the assets backing liabilities of the UK shareholder-backed annuity business is after taking into account the consequential effect on the movement in policyholder liabilities.

        Changes in shareholder investment returns for US operations reflect primarily movements in the investment income, movements in the value of the derivative instruments held to manage the general account assets and liability portfolio, and realized gains and losses. However, separately, reflecting Jackson's types of business, an allocation is made to policyholders through the application of crediting rates. The shareholder investment return for US operations also includes the fair value movement of the derivatives and the movement on the related liabilities of the variable annuity guarantees under Jackson's dynamic hedging program.

        The majority of the investments held to back the US non-participating business are debt securities for which the available-for-sale designation is applied for IFRS basis reporting. Under this designation the return included in the income statement reflects the aggregate of investment income and realized gains and losses (including impairment losses). However, movements in unrealized appreciation or depreciation are recognized in other comprehensive income. The return on these assets is attributable to shareholders.

J      Benefits and claims and movements in unallocated surplus of with-profits funds, net of reinsurance

        Benefits and claims represent payments, including final bonuses, to policyholders in respect of maturities, surrenders and deaths plus the change in technical provisions (which primarily represents the movement in amounts owed to policyholders). Benefits and claims are amounts attributable to policyholders. The movement in unallocated surplus of with-profits funds represents the transfer to (from) the unallocated surplus each year through a charge (credit) to the income statement of the annual excess (shortfall) of income over expenditure of the with-profits funds, after declaration and attribution of the cost of bonuses to policyholders and shareholders.

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Table of Contents


Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

J      Benefits and claims and movements in unallocated surplus of with-profits funds, net of reinsurance (Continued)

        Benefits and claims and movements in unallocated surplus of with-profits funds net of reinsurance can be further analyzed as follows:

 
  Six months ended
June 30, 2010
 
 
  Asia   US   UK   Total  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Claims incurred

    (1,202 )   (2,296 )   (5,000 )   (8,498 )

Increase in policyholder liabilities

    (876 )   (2,556 )   (1,860 )   (5,292 )

Movement in unallocated surplus of with-profits funds

    (92 )       232     140  
                   

    (2,170 )   (4,852 )   (6,628 )   (13,650 )
                   

 

 
  Six months ended
June 30, 2009
 
 
  Asia   US   UK   Total  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Claims incurred

    (847 )   (2,207 )   (4,964 )   (8,018 )

Increase in policyholder liabilities

    (2,174 )   (2,778 )   869     (4,083 )

Movement in unallocated surplus of with-profits funds

    (568 )       1,886     1,318  
                   

    (3,589 )   (4,985 )   (2,209 )   (10,783 )
                   

K     Sale of the Taiwan agency business in 2009

        In the first half of 2009, the Company sold the assets and liabilities of its agency distribution business and its agency force in Taiwan to China Life Insurance Company Ltd of Taiwan for the nominal sum of NT$1. In addition, the Company invested £45 million to purchase a 9.99 per cent stake in China Life through a share placement. The sale was completed on June 19, 2009.

        The Company retained its interest in life insurance business in Taiwan through its retained bank distribution partnerships and its direct investment of 9.99 per cent in China Life.

        The effects on the IFRS income statement was a pre-tax loss of £621 million comprising a loss on sale of £559 million and trading losses before tax up to the date of sale of £62 million. After allowing for tax and other adjustments, the reduction to shareholders equity was £607 million.

        The loss on sale of £559 million included cumulative foreign exchange gains of £9 million recycled through the profit and loss account as required by IAS 21.

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

L      Tax

(i)    Tax (charge) credit

        The total tax charge comprises:

 
  Six months ended
June 30,
 
 
  2010   2009  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Tax (charge) credit

             

UK tax

    6     69  

Overseas tax

    (166 )   (172 )
           

Total tax charge

    (160 )   (103 )
           

        An analysis of the total tax expense attributable to continuing operations recognized in the income statement by nature of expense is as follows:

 
  Six months ended
June 30,
 
 
  2010   2009  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Current tax

    (157 )   (32 )

Deferred tax

    (3 )   (71 )
           

Total tax charge

    (160 )   (103 )
           

        The current tax charge of £157 million includes £5 million for the first half of 2010 (first half of 2009: charge of £2 million) in respect of tax to be paid in Hong Kong. The Hong Kong current tax charge is calculated as 16.5 per cent for both periods on either (i) five per cent of the net insurance premium or (ii) the estimated assessable profits, depending on the nature of the business written.

        The total tax charge comprises tax attributable to policyholders and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds, unit-linked policies and shareholders. The tax charge attributable to shareholders of £149 million for the first half of 2010 (first half 2009: charge of £182 million) comprises:

Tax (charge) credit attributable to shareholders

 
  Six months ended
June 30,
 
 
  2010   2009  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

UK tax

    10     (53 )

Overseas tax

    (159 )   (129 )
           

Total tax charge

    (149 )   (182 )
           

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Table of Contents


Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

L      Tax (Continued)

(ii)   Deferred tax asset and liabilities

        The statement of financial position contains the following deferred tax assets and liabilities:

 
  June 30, 2010   December 31, 2009  
 
  Deferred
tax
assets
  Deferred
tax
liabilities
  Deferred
tax
assets
  Deferred
tax
liabilities
 
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Unrealized gains and losses on investments

    982     (2,041 )   1,156     (1,744 )

Balance relating to investment and insurance contracts

    16     (848 )   20     (961 )

Short-term timing differences

    1,414     (1,216 )   1,228     (1,159 )

Capital allowances

    17     (10 )   18     (8 )

Unused tax losses

    262         286      
                   

Total

    2,691     (4,115 )   2,708     (3,872 )
                   

        Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that they are regarded as recoverable, that is to the extent that, on the basis of all available evidence, it can be regarded as more likely than not that there will be suitable taxable profits from which the future reversal of the underlying temporary differences can be deducted. The increase in deferred tax liabilities is primarily due to an increase in the value of unrealized gains in the available-for-sale securities in Jackson.

        The UK taxation regime applies separate rules to trading and capital profits and losses. The distinction between temporary differences that arise from items of either a trading or capital nature may affect the recognition of deferred tax assets. Accordingly, for the first half of 2010 results and financial position at June 30, 2010, the possible tax benefit of approximately £267 million (December 31, 2009: £257 million), which may arise from capital losses valued at approximately £1.2 billion (December 31, 2009: £1.2 billion), is sufficiently uncertain that it has not been recognized. In addition, a potential deferred tax asset of £361 million (December 31, 2009: £607 million), which may arise from tax losses and other potential temporary differences totaling £1.4 billion (December 31, 2009: £2.1 billion) is sufficiently uncertain that it has not been recognized. Forecasts as to when the tax losses and other temporary differences are likely to be utilized indicate that they may not be utilized in the short term.

        Under IAS 12, "Income Taxes", deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realized or the liability settled, based on the tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or are substantively enacted at the end of the reporting periods. Accordingly, the deferred tax amounts for the first half of 2010 do not reflect the UK government's proposal announced in June 2010 to reduce the main UK corporation tax rate by one per cent a year for each of the next four years as the change has yet to be enacted.

        The UK government's tax rate change to 27 per cent and subsequent proposed phased rate changes to 24 per cent are expected to have an effect of reducing the UK with-profits and shareholder-backed business elements of the net deferred tax balances as at June 30, 2010 by £10 million (change to 27 per cent) and £41 million (change to 24 per cent).

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

L      Tax (Continued)

(iii)  Reconciliation of tax charge on profit (loss) attributable to shareholders for continuing operations

 
  Asian
insurance
operations
  US
insurance
operations
  UK
insurance
operations
  Other
operations
  Total  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Six months ended June 30, 2010

                               

Profit (loss) before tax attributable to shareholders:

                               
 

Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns (note (iii))

    259     450     330     (71 )   968  
 

Short-term fluctuations in investment returns

    41     (120 )   93     12     26  
 

Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes

            (8 )   (16 )   (24 )
 

Costs of terminated AIA transaction

                (377 )   (377 )
                       
 

Total

    300     330     415     (452 )   593  
                       

Expected tax rate (note (i)):

                               
 

Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns (note (iii))

    26%     35%     28%     28%     31%  
 

Short-term fluctuations in investment returns

    26%     35%     28%     28%     8%  
 

Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes

            28%     28%     25%  
 

Costs of terminated AIA transaction

                28%     28%  
                       

Expected tax (charge) credit based on expected tax rates:

                               
 

Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns (note (iii))

    (67 )   (158 )   (92 )   20     (297 )
 

Short-term fluctuations in investment returns

    (11 )   42     (26 )   (3 )   2  
 

Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes

            2     4     6  
 

Costs of terminated AIA transaction

                106     106  
                       
 

Total

    (78 )   (116 )   (116 )   127     (183 )
                       

Variance from expected tax charge (note (ii)):

                               
 

Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns (note (iii))

    28     27     (3 )       52  
 

Short-term fluctuations in investment returns

    5     (5 )   (1 )   (4 )   (5 )
 

Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes

                     
 

Costs of terminated AIA transaction

                (13 )   (13 )
                       
 

Total

    33     22     (4 )   (17 )   34  
                       

Actual tax (charge) credit:

                               
 

Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns (note (iii))

    (39 )   (131 )   (95 )   20     (245 )
 

Short-term fluctuations in investment returns

    (6 )   37     (27 )   (7 )   (3 )
 

Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes

            2     4     6  
 

Costs of terminated AIA transaction

                93     93  
                       
 

Total

    (45 )   (94 )   (120 )   110     (149 )
                       

Actual tax rate:

                               
 

Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns

    15%     29%     29%     28%     25%  
 

Total

    15%     29%     29%     24%     25%  
                       

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Table of Contents


Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

L      Tax (Continued)

 
  Asian
insurance
operations
  US
insurance
operations
  UK
insurance
operations
  Other
operations
  Total  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Six months ended June 30, 2009

                               

(Loss) profit before tax attributable to shareholders:

                               
 

Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns, net of attributable restructuring costs and development expenses (note (iii))

    207     217     330     (66 )   688  
 

Short-term fluctuations in investment returns

    (41 )   165     (63 )   (141 )   (80 )
 

Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes

                (63 )   (63 )
 

Loss on sale and results for Taiwan agency business

    (621 )               (621 )
                       
 

Total

    (455 )   382     267     (270 )   (76 )
                       

Expected tax rate (note (i)):

                               
 

Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns (note (iii))

    24%     35%     28%     28%     29%  
 

Short-term fluctuations in investment returns

    25%     35%     28%     39%     31%  
 

Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes

                28%     28%  
 

Loss on sale and results for Taiwan agency business

    25%                 25%  
                       

Expected tax credit (charge) based on expected tax rates:

                               
 

Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns (note (iii))

    (50 )   (76 )   (92 )   18     (200 )
 

Short-term fluctuations in investment returns

    10     (58 )   18     55     25  
 

Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes

                18     18  
 

Loss on sale and results for Taiwan agency business

    155                 155  
                       
 

Total

    115     (134 )   (74 )   91     (2 )
                       

Variance from expected tax charge (note (ii)):

                               
 

Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns (note (iii))

    16     19     (11 )   (5 )   19  
 

Short-term fluctuations in investment returns

    (4 )   (61 )   3     1     (61 )
 

Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes

                (1 )   (1 )
 

Loss on sale and results for Taiwan agency business

    (137 )               (137 )
                       
 

Total

    (125 )   (42 )   (8 )   (5 )   (180 )
                       

Actual tax credit (charge):

                               
 

Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns (note (iii))

    (34 )   (57 )   (103 )   13     (181 )
 

Short-term fluctuations in investment returns

    6     (119 )   21     56     (36 )
 

Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes

                17     17  
 

Loss on sale and results for Taiwan agency business

    18                 18  
                       
 

Total

    (10 )   (176 )   (82 )   86     (182 )
                       

Actual tax rate:

                               
 

Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns

    16%     26%     31%     20%     26%  
 

Total

    (2% )   46%     31%     32%     (239% )
                       


Notes

(i)
Expected tax rates for profit (loss) attributable to shareholders:

The expected tax rates shown in the table above reflect the corporation tax rates generally applied to taxable profits of the relevant country jurisdictions.

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Table of Contents


Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

L      Tax (Continued)

    For Asian operations the expected tax rates reflect the corporation tax rates weighted by reference to the source of profits of operations contributing to the aggregate business result.

    The expected tax rate for Other operations reflects the mix of business between UK and overseas operations, which are taxed at a variety of rates. The rates will fluctuate from year to year dependent on the mix of profits.

(ii)
For the first half of 2010, the principal variances arise from a number of factors, including:

a
Asian long-term operations

      For the first half of 2010, profits in certain countries which are not taxable partly offset by the inability to fully recognize deferred tax assets on losses being carried forward. For the first half of 2009, adjustments in respect of prior year tax charges and profits in certain countries which are not taxable.

    b
    &nsp; b          Jackson

      For the first half of 2010, the benefit of a deduction from taxable income of a proportion of dividends received attributable to the variable annuity business. For the first half of 2009, the inability to fully recognize deferred tax assets on losses being carried forward partially offset by the benefit of a deduction from taxable income of a proportion of dividends received attributable to the variable annuity business.

    c
    UK insurance operations

      For the first half of 2010, different tax bases of UK life business. For the first half of 2009, adjustments in respect of prior year tax charge and different tax bases of UK life business.

    d
    Other operations

      For the first half of 2010, the inability to fully recognize a tax credit in respect of non-deductible capital costs incurred in relation to the terminated AIA transaction. For the first half of 2009, the inability to recognize a deferred tax asset on various tax losses.

    e
    For the first half of 2009, the actual tax rate in relation to Asia excluding the result for the sold Taiwan agency business would have been six per cent and 13 per cent respectively.

(iii)
Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns is net of attributable restructuring costs and development expenses.

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

M     Supplementary analysis of earnings per share

 
  Six months ended
June 30, 2010
 
 
  Before tax
(note C)
  Tax
(note L)
  Non-
controlling
interests
  Net of tax
and non-
controlling
interests
  Basic
earnings
per share
  Diluted
earnings
per share
 
 
  (In £ Millions)
  (In £ Millions)
  Pence
  Pence
 

Based on operating profit based on longer-term investment returns

    968     (245 )   (2 )   721     28.6 p   28.6 p

Short-term fluctuations in investment returns on shareholder-backed business

    26     (3 )       23     0.9 p   0.9 p

Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes

    (24 )   6         (18 )   (0.7 )p   (0.7 )p

Costs of terminated AIA transaction

    (377 )   93         (284 )   (11.3 )p   (11.3 )p
                           

Based on profit for the period from continuing operations

    593     (149 )   (2 )   442     17.5 p   17.5 p
                           

 

 
  Six months ended
June 30, 2009
 
 
  Before tax
(note C)
  Tax
(note L)
  Non-
controlling
interests
  Net of tax
and non-
controlling
interests
  Basic
earnings
per share
  Diluted
earnings
per share
 
 
  (In £ Millions)
  (In £ Millions)
  Pence
  Pence
 

Based on operating profit based on longer-term investment returns

    688     (181 )   4     511     20.5 p   20.5 p

Short-term fluctuations in investment returns on shareholder-backed business

    (80 )   (36 )       (116 )   (4.7 )p   (4.7 )p

Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes

    (63 )   17         (46 )   (1.8 )p   (1.8 )p

Adjustment from loss on sale and result of Taiwan agency business

    (621 )   18         (603 )   (24.2 )p   (24.2 )p
                           

Based on loss for the period from continuing operations

    (76 )   (182 )   4     (254 )   (10.2 )p   (10.2 )p
                           

        The weighted average number of shares for calculating basic earnings per share for the first half of 2010 was 2,520 million (the first half of 2009: 2,489 million). The weighted average number of shares for calculating diluted earnings per share for the first half of 2010 was 2,524 million (first half of 2009: 2,489 million). In addition, at June 30, 2009, there were 13 million shares under option offset by 12 million shares that would have been issued at fair value on assumed option exercise. The net one million potentially dilutive ordinary shares have been excluded from the first half of 2009 diluted earnings per share calculation as their inclusion would have decreased the loss per share.

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Table of Contents


Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

N     Dividend

 
  Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
Dividends per share (in pence)
  2010   2009  

Dividends relating to reporting period:

             
 

Interim dividend (2010 and 2009)

    6.61 p   6.29 p
           

Total

    6.61 p   6.29 p
           

Dividends declared and paid in reporting period:

             
 

Second interim/final dividend for prior year

    13.56 p   12.91 p
           

Total

    13.56 p   12.91 p
           

        Dividends are recorded in the period in which they are declared. The first interim dividend for the year ended December 31, 2009 of 6.29 pence per ordinary share was paid to eligible shareholders on September 24, 2009 and the second interim dividend of 13.56 pence per ordinary share for the same period was paid to eligible shareholders on 27 May 2010.

        The 2010 interim dividend of 6.61 pence per ordinary share was paid on September 23, 2010 in sterling to shareholders on the principal and Irish branch registers at 6.00 p.m. BST on Friday, August 20, 2010 (the Record Date), and on September 24, 2010 in Hong Kong dollars to shareholders on the Hong Kong branch register at 4.30 p.m. Hong Kong time on the Record Date (HK Shareholders), and will be paid on or about September 30, 2010 in Singapore dollars to shareholders with shares standing to the credit of their securities accounts with The Central Depository (Pte) Limited (CDP) at 5.00 p.m. Singapore time on the Record Date (SG Shareholders). The dividend payable to the HK Shareholders was HK$0.8038 per ordinary share which equates to the sterling value translated at the exchange rate ruling at the close of business on August 11, 2010. The exchange rate at which the dividend payable to the SG Shareholders will be translated into SG$ will be determined by CDP.

        Shareholders were able to elect to receive ordinary shares credited as fully paid instead of the interim cash dividend under the terms of the Company's scrip dividend scheme. The value of ordinary shares issued was £36 million and the dividend has distributed £132 million of shareholders' funds.

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Table of Contents


Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

O     Group statement of financial position analysis

(i)    Group statement of financial position

        To explain more comprehensively the assets and liabilities of the Group's businesses, it is appropriate to provide analyses of the Group's statement of financial position by segment and type of business.

        The analysis is shown below for the Group statement of financial position by operating segment at June 30, 2010.

 
  Insurance operations    
  Asset
management
operations
(note P(iv))
  Unallocated
to a segment
(central
operations)
   
  June 30,
2010
Group
total
  December 31,
2009
Group
total
 
 
  Total
insurance
operations
  Intra-group
eliminations
 
 
  UK   US   Asia  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Assets

                                                       

Intangible assets attributable to shareholders:

                                                       
 

Goodwill (note R)

            235     235     1,230             1,465     1,310  
 

Deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assets (note S)

    128     2,950     942     4,020     8             4,028     4,049  
                                       

Total

    128     2,950     1,177     4,255     1,238             5,493     5,359  
                                       

Intangible assets attributable to with-profits funds:

                                                       

In respect of acquired subsidiaries for venture fund and other investment purposes

    124             124                 124     124  

Deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assets

    8         102     110                 110     106  
                                       

Total

    132         102     234                 234     230  
                                       

Total

    260     2,950     1,279     4,489     1,238             5,727     5,589  
                                       

Deferred tax assets (note L)

    253     1,828     96     2,177     133     381         2,691     2,708  

Other non investment and non-cash assets

    4,690     1,409     992     7,091     884     4,178     (5,801 )   6,352     5,425  

Investments of long-term business and other operations:

                                                       
 

Investment properties

    11,322     27     11     11,360                 11,360     10,905  
 

Investments accounted for using the equity method

    4         5     9                 9     6  
 

Financial investments:

                                                       
 

Loans (note U)

    2,214     4,537     1,383     8,134     1,453             9,587     8,754  
 

Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts

    34,668     24,629     12,323     71,620     155             71,775     69,354  
   

Debt securities (note V)

    72,072     27,371     12,425     111,868     1,466             113,334     101,751  
   

Other investments

    4,323     1,684     427     6,434     195     139         6,768     5,132  
   

Deposits

    8,401     359     952     9,712     54             9,766     12,820  
                                       

Total Investments

    133,004     58,607     27,526     219,137     3,323     139         222,599     208,722  
                                       

Properties held-for sale

        3         3                 3     3  

Cash and cash equivalents

    3,128     153     1,010     4,291     1,076     673         6,040     5,307  
                                       

Total assets

    141,335     64,950     30,903     237,188     6,654     5,371     (5,801 )   243,412     227,754  
                                       

I-40


Table of Contents


Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

O     Group statement of financial position analysis (Continued)

 
  Insurance operations    
  Asset
management
operations
(note P(iv))
  Unallocated
to a segment
(central
operations)
   
  June 30,
2010
Group
total
  December 31,
2009
Group
total
 
 
  Total
insurance
operations
  Intra-group
eliminations
 
 
  UK   US   Asia  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Equity and liabilities

                                                       

Equity

                                                       

Shareholders' equity

    1,937     3,905     1,992     7,834     1,711     (2,384 )       7,161     6,271  

Non-controlling interests

    32         2     34     3             37     32  
                                       

Total equity

    1,969     3,905     1,994     7,868     1,714     (2,384 )       7,198     6,303  
                                       

Liabilities

                                                       

Policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of with- profits funds:

                                                       
 

Contract liabilities (including amounts in respect of contracts classified as investment contracts under IFRS 4)

    118,180     55,253     25,480     198,913                 198,913     186,398  
 

Unallocated surplus of with-profits funds (reflecting application of "realistic" basis provisions for UK regulated with-profits funds)

    10,014         52     10,066                 10,066     10,019  
                                       

Total policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds

    128,194     55,253     25,532     208,979                 208,979     196,417  
                                       

Core structural borrowings of shareholder financed operations:

                                                       
 

Subordinated debt

                        2,767         2,767     2,691  
 

Other

        166         166         549         715     703  
                                       

Total (note X)

        166         166         3,316         3,482     3,394  
                                       

Operational borrowings attributable to shareholder financed operations (note Y)

    159     171     195     525     143     2,566         3,234     2,751  

Borrowings attributable to with-profits operations (note Y)

    1,313             1,313                 1,313     1,284  

Deferred tax liabilities (note L)

    1,283     2,254     425     3,962     5     148         4,115     3,872  

Other non-insurance liabilities

    8,417     3,201     2,757     14,375     4,792     1,725     (5,801 )   15,091     13,733  
                                       

Total liabilities

    139,366     61,045     28,909     229,320     4,940     7,755     (5,801 )   236,214     221,451  
                                       

Total equity and liabilities

    141,335     64,950     30,903     237,188     6,654     5,371     (5,801 )   243,412     227,754  
                                       

I-41


Table of Contents


Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

O     Group statement of financial position analysis (Continued)

(ii)   Group statement of financial position—additional analysis by type of business

 
   
  Shareholder-backed business    
   
   
   
 
 
   
  Unallocated
to a
segment
(central
operations)
   
   
   
 
 
  Participating
funds
  Unit-linked
and
variable
annuity
  Non-linked
business
  Asset
management
operations
  Intra-group
eliminations
  June 30,
2010
Group
total
  December 31,
2009
Group
total
 
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Assets

                                                 

Intangible assets attributable to shareholders:

                                                 
 

Goodwill (note R)

            235     1,230             1,465     1,310  
 

Deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assets (note S)

            4,020     8             4,028     4,049  
                                   

Total

            4,255     1,238             5,493     5,359  
                                   

Intangible assets attributable to with-profits funds:

                                                 
 

In respect of acquired subsidiaries for venture fund and other investment purposes

    124                         124     124  
 

Deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assets

    110                         110     106  
                                   

Total

    234                         234     230  
                                   

Total

    234         4,255     1,238             5,727     5,589  
                                   

Deferred tax assets (note L)

    113         2,064     133     381         2,691     2,708  

Other non-investment and non-cash assets

    2,448     807     3,836     884     4,178     (5,801 )   6,352     5,425  
 

Investments of long-term business and other operations:

                                                 
 

Investment properties

    9,169     717     1,474                 11,360     10,905  
 

Investments accounted for using the equity method

            9                 9     6  
 

Financial investments:

                                                 
   

Loans (note U)

    2,072         6,062     1,453             9,587     8,754  
   

Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts

    27,119     43,875     626     155             71,775     69,354  
   

Debt securities (note V)

    51,888     8,325     51,655     1,466             113,334     101,751  
   

Other investments

    4,153     90     2,191     195     139         6,768     5,132  
   

Deposits

    6,703     807     2,202     54             9,766     12,820  
                                   

Total Investments

    101,104     53,814     64,219     3,323     139         222,599     208,722  
                                   

Properties held-for-sale

            3                 3     3  
                                   

Cash and cash equivalents

    2,140     1,292     859     1,076     673         6,040     5,307  
                                   

Total assets

    106,039     55,913     75,236     6,654     5,371     (5,801 )   243,412     227,754  
                                   

I-42


Table of Contents


Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

O     Group statement of financial position analysis (Continued)

 

 
   
  Shareholder-backed business    
   
   
   
 
 
   
  Unallocated
to a
segment
(central
operations)
   
   
   
 
 
  Participating
funds
  Unit-linked
and
variable
annuity
  Non-linked
business
  Asset
management
operations
  Intra-group
eliminations
  June 30,
2010
Group
total
  December 31,
2009
Group
total
 
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Equity and liabilities

                                                 

Equity

                                                 

Shareholders' equity

            7,834     1,711     (2,384 )       7,161     6,271  

Non-controlling interests

    32         2     3             37     32  
                                   

Total equity

    32         7,836     1,714     (2,384 )       7,198     6,303  
                                   

Liabilities

                                                 

Policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds:

                                                 
 

Contract liabilities (including amounts in respect of contracts classified as investment contracts under IFRS 4)

    87,740     54,602     56,571                 198,913     186,398  
 

Unallocated surplus of with-profits funds (reflecting application of "realistic" basis provisions for UK regulated with-profits funds)

    10,066                         10,066     10,019  
                                   

Total policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds

    97,806     54,602     56,571                 208,979     196,417  
                                   

Core structural borrowings of shareholder-financed operations:

                                                 
 

Subordinated debt

                    2,767         2,767     2,691  
 

Other

            166         549         715     703  
                                   

Total (note X)

            166         3,316         3,482     3,394  
                                   

Operational borrowings attributable to shareholder financed operations (note Y)

            525     143     2,566         3,234     2,751  

Borrowings attributable to with-profits operations (note Y)

    1,313                         1,313     1,284  

Deferred tax liabilities (note L)

    1,226     12     2,724     5     148         4,115     3,872  

Other non-insurance liabilities

    5,662     1,299     7,414     4,792     1,725     (5,801 )   15,091     13,733  
                                   

Total liabilities

    106,007     55,913     67,400     4,940     7,755     (5,801 )   236,214     221,451  
                                   

Total equity and liabilities

    106,039     55,913     75,236     6,654     5,371     (5,801 )   243,412     227,754  
                                   

I-43


Table of Contents


Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

P      Statement of financial position

(i)
UK insurance operations

    Overview

    In order to reflect the different types of UK business and fund structure, the statement of financial position of the UK insurance operations analyses assets and liabilities between those of the Scottish Amicable Insurance Fund (SAIF), the PAC with-profits sub-fund (WPSF), unit-linked assets and liabilities and annuity and other long-term business (see table below).

    £90 billion of the £133 billion of investments are held by SAIF and the PAC WPSF. Shareholders are exposed only indirectly to value movements on these assets.

 
   
  PAC with-profits
sub-fund (WPSF)
(note (i))
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
   
  Other funds and subsidiaries    
   
 
 
  Scottish
Amicable
Insurance
Fund
(note (ii))
   
   
 
 
  Excluding
Prudential
Annuities
Limited
  Prudential
Annuities
Limited
(note (iii))
  Total
(note (iv))
  Unit-linked
assets and
liabilities
  Annuity
and other
long-term
business
  Total   June 30,
2010
Total
  December 31,
2009
Total
 
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Assets

                                                       

Intangible assets attributable to shareholders:

                                                       
 

Deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assets (note S)

                        128     128     128     127  
                                       

                        128     128     128     127  

Intangible assets attributable to PAC with-profits fund:

                                                       
 

In respect of acquired subsidiaries for venture fund and other investment purposes

        124         124                 124     124  
 

Deferred acquisition costs

    1     7         7                 8     9  
                                       

    1     131         131                 132     133  
                                       

Total

    1     131         131         128     128     260     260  
                                       

Deferred tax assets

    2     104     7     111         140     140     253     292  

Other non-investment and non-cash assets

    495     1,280     300     1,580     627     1,988     2,615     4,690     3,074  

Investments of long-term business and other operations:

                                                       
 

Investment properties

    740     7,739     690     8,429     717     1,436     2,153     11,322     10,861  
 

Investments accounted for using the equity method

                        4     4     4     4  
 

Financial investments

                                                       
   

Loans (note U)

    136     912     141     1,053         1,025     1,025     2,214     1,815  
   

Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts

    2,637     20,231     226     20,457     11,538     36     11,574     34,668     37,051  
   

Debt securities (note V)

    4,930     28,061     12,907     40,968     5,628     20,546     26,174     72,072     67,772  
   

Other investments (note (v))

    354     3,489     180     3,669     67     233     300     4,323     3,630  
   

Deposits

    704     5,415     557     5,972     523     1,202     1,725     8,401     11,557  
                                       

Total investments

    9,501     65,847     14,701     80,548     18,473     24,482     42,955     133,004     132,690  
                                       

Properties held-for-sale

                                     

Cash and cash equivalents

    204     1,533     53     1,586     1,060     278     1,338     3,128     2,265  
                                       

Total assets

    10,203     68,895     15,061     83,956     20,160     27,016     47,176     141,335     138,581  
                                       

I-44


Table of Contents


Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

P      Statement of financial position (Continued)

 
   
  PAC with-profits sub-fund (WPSF) (note (i))   Other funds and subsidiaries    
   
 
 
  Scottish
Amicable
Insurance
Fund
(note (ii))
   
   
 
 
  Excluding
Prudential
Annuities
Limited
  Prudential
Annuities
Limited
(note (iii))
  Total
(note (iv))
  Unit-linked
assets and
liabilities
  Annuity
and other
long-term
business
  Total   June 30,
2010
Total
  December 31,
2009
Total
 
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Equity and liabilities

                                                       

Equity

                                                       

Shareholders' equity

                        1,937     1,937     1,937     1,939  

Non-controlling interests

        32         32                 32     28  
                                       

Total equity

        32         32         1,937     1,937     1,969     1,967  
                                       

Liabilities

                                                       

Policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds:

                                                       
 

Contract liabilities (including amounts in respect of contracts classified as investment contracts under IFRS 4)

    9,626     55,571     12,433     68,004     19,456     21,094     40,550     118,180     116,229  
 

Unallocated surplus of with-profits funds (reflecting application of "realistic" provisions for UK regulated with-profits funds) (note (vi))

        8,306     1,708     10,014                 10,014     9,966  
                                       

Total

    9,626     63,877     14,141     78,018     19,456     21,094     40,550     128,194     126,195  
                                       

Operational borrowings attributable to shareholder-financed operations

                        159     159     159     158  

Borrowings attributable to with-profits funds (note Y)

    118     1,195         1,195                 1,313     1,284  

Deferred tax liabilities

    56     663     210     873         354     354     1,283     1,606  

Other non-insurance liabilities

    403     3,128     710     3,838     704     3,472     4,176     8,417     7,371  
                                       

Total liabilities

    10,203     68,863     15,061     83,924     20,160     25,079     45,239     139,366     136,614  
                                       

Total equity and liabilities

    10,203     68,895     15,061     83,956     20,160     27,016     47,176     141,335     138,581  
                                       

Notes

(i)
For the purposes of this table and subsequent explanation, references to the WPSF also include, for convenience, the amounts attaching to the Defined Charges Participating Sub-fund which comprises 3.5 per cent of the total assets of the WPSF and includes the with-profits annuity business transferred to Prudential from the Equitable Life Assurance Society on December 1, 2007 (with assets of approximately £1.7 billion). Profits to shareholders on this with-profits annuity business emerge on a "charges less expenses" basis and policyholders are entitled to 100 per cent of the investment earnings.

(ii)
SAIF is a separate sub-fund within the PAC long-term business fund.

(iii)
Wholly-owned subsidiary of the PAC WPSF that writes annuity business.

(iv)
Excluding policyholder liabilities of the Hong Kong branch of PAC.

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Table of Contents


Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

P      Statement of financial position (Continued)

(v)
Other investments comprise:

   
  June 30,
2010
  December 31,
2009
 
   
  (In £ Millions)
 
 

Derivative assets*

    1,370     910  
 

Partnerships in investment pools and other**

    2,953     2,720  
             
 

    4,323     3,630  
             

    *
    In the UK, Prudential uses derivatives to reduce equity and credit risk, interest rate and currency exposures, and to facilitate efficient portfolio management. After derivative liabilities of £868 million (December 31, 2009: £709 million), which are also included in the statement of financial position, the overall derivative position was a net asset of £502 million (December 31, 2009: £201 million).

    **
    Partnerships in investment pools and other comprise mainly investments held by the PAC with-profits fund. These investments are primarily venture fund investments and investment in property funds and limited partnerships.

(vi)
Unallocated surplus of with-profits funds

    Prudential's long-term business written in the UK comprises predominantly life insurance policies under which the policyholders are entitled to participate in the returns of the funds supporting these policies. Business similar to this type is also written in certain of the Group's Asian operations, subject to local market and regulatory conditions. Such policies are called with-profits policies. Prudential maintains with-profits funds within the Group's long-term business funds, which segregate the assets and liabilities and accumulate the returns related to that with-profits business. The amounts accumulated in these with-profits funds are available to provide for future policyholder benefit provisions and for bonuses to be distributed to with-profits policyholders. The bonuses, both annual and final, reflect the right of the with-profits policyholders to participate in the financial performance of the with-profits funds. Shareholders' profits with respect to bonuses declared on with-profits business correspond to the shareholders' share of the cost of bonuses as declared by the Board of Directors. The shareholders' share currently represents one-ninth of the cost of bonuses declared for with-profits policies.

    The unallocated surplus represents the excess of assets over policyholder liabilities for the Group's with-profits funds. As allowed under IFRS 4, the Group has opted to continue to record unallocated surplus of with-profits funds wholly as a liability. The annual excess (shortfall) of income over expenditure of the with-profits funds, after declaration and attribution of the cost of bonuses to policyholders and shareholders, is transferred to (from) the unallocated surplus each year through a charge (credit) to the income statement. The balance retained in the unallocated surplus represents cumulative income arising on the with-profits business that has not been allocated to policyholders or shareholders. The balance of the unallocated surplus is determined after full provision for deferred tax on unrealized appreciation on investments.

I-46


Table of Contents


Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

P      Statement of financial position (Continued)

(ii)   US insurance operations

 
  June 30, 2010   December 31, 2009  
 
  Variable
annuity
separate
account
assets and
liabilities
(note (i))
  Fixed
annuity, GIC
and other
business
(note (i))
  Total   Variable
annuity
separate
account
assets and
liabilities
(note (i))
  Fixed
annuity, GIC
and other
business
(note (i))
  Total  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Assets

                                     

Intangible assets attributable to shareholders:

                                     
 

Deferred acquisition costs (note S)

        2,950     2,950         3,092     3,092  
                           

Total

        2,950     2,950         3,092     3,092  
                           

Deferred tax assets

        1,828     1,828         1,944     1,944  

Other non-investment and non-cash assets

        1,409     1,409         1,404     1,404  

Investments of long-term business and other operations:

                                     
 

Investment properties

        27     27         33     33  
 

Financial investments:

                                     
   

Loans (note U)

        4,537     4,537         4,319     4,319  
   

Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts

    24,291     338     24,629     20,639     345     20,984  
   

Debt securities (notes V and W)

        27,371     27,371         22,831     22,831  
   

Other investments (note (ii))

        1,684     1,684         955     955  
   

Deposits

        359     359         454     454  
                           

Total investments

    24,291     34,316     58,607     20,639     28,937     49,576  
                           

Properties held-for-sale

        3     3         3     3  
                           

Cash and cash equivalents

        153     153         340     340  
                           

Total assets

    24,291     40,659     64,950     20,639     35,720     56,359  
                           

Equity and liabilities

                                     

Equity

                                     

Shareholders' equity

        3,905     3,905         3,011     3,011  

Non-controlling interests

                         
                           

Total equity

        3,905     3,905         3,011     3,011  
                           

Liabilities

                                     

Policyholder liabilities:

                                     
 

Contract liabilities (including amounts in respect of contracts classified as investment contracts under IFRS 4)

    24,291     30,962     55,253     20,639     27,672     48,311  
                           

Total

    24,291     30,962     55,253     20,639     27,672     48,311  
                           

Core structural borrowings of shareholder-financed operations

        166     166         154     154  

Operational borrowings attributable to shareholder-financed operations

        171     171         203     203  

Deferred tax liabilities

        2,254     2,254         1,858     1,858  

Other non-insurance liabilities

        3,201     3,201         2,822     2,822  
                           

Total liabilities

    24,291     36,754     61,045     20,639     32,709     53,348  
                           

Total equity and liabilities

    24,291     40,659     64,950     20,639     35,720     56,359  
                           

Notes

(i)
Assets and liabilities attaching to variable annuity business that are not held in the separate account are shown within other business.

I-47


Table of Contents


Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

P      Statement of financial position (Continued)

(ii)
Other investments comprise:

   
  June 30,
2010
  December 31,
2009
 
   
  (In £ Millions)
 
 

Derivative assets*

    1,162     519  
 

Partnerships in investment pools and other**

    522     436  
             
 

    1,684     955  
             

    *
    In the US, Prudential uses derivatives to reduce interest rate risk, to facilitate efficient portfolio management to match liabilities under annuity policies, and for certain equity-based product management activities. After taking account of the derivative liability of £618 million (December 31, 2009: £461 million), which is also included in the statement of financial position, the derivative position for US operations is a net asset of £544 million (December 31, 2009: £58 million).

    **
    Partnerships in investment pools and other comprise primarily investments in limited partnerships. These include interests in the PPM America Private Equity Fund and diversified investments in other partnerships by independent money managers that generally invest in various equities and fixed income loans and securities.

(iii)
Results and movements in shareholders' equity

   
  Six months ended
June 30,
 
   
  2010   2009  
   
  (In £ Millions)
 
 

Operating profits based on longer-term investment returns (note C)

    450     217  
 

Short-term fluctuations in investment returns (note F)

    (120 )   165  
             
 

Profit before shareholder tax

    330     382  
 

Tax (note L)

    (94 )   (176 )
             
 

Profit for the period

    236     206  
             

 

   
  Six months ended
June 30,
 
   
  2010   2009  
   
  (In £ Millions)
 
 

Profit for the period (as above)

    236     206  
 

Items recognized in other comprehensive income:

             
   

Exchange movements

    252     (278 )
   

Unrealized valuation movements on securities classified as available-for sale:

             
     

Unrealized holding gains arising during the year

    1,123     662  
     

Add back losses included in the income statement

    21     146  
             
   

Total unrealized valuation movements

    1,144     808  
             
     

Related change in amortization of deferred income and acquisition costs (note S)

    (510 )   (235 )
     

Related tax

    (215 )   (150 )
             
 

Total other comprehensive income

    671     145  
             
 

Total comprehensive income for the period

    907     351  
 

Dividends and interest payments to central companies

    (13 )   (3 )
             
 

Net increase in equity

    894     348  
 

Shareholders' equity at beginning of period

    3,011     1,698  
             
 

Shareholders' equity at end of period

    3,905     2,046  
             

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Table of Contents


Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

P      Statement of financial position (Continued)

(iii)  Asian insurance operations

 
  June 30, 2010   December 31, 2009  
 
  With-
profits
business
(note (i))
  Unit-
linked
assets and
liabilities
  Other   Total   With-
profits
business
(note (i))
  Unit-
linked
assets and
liabilities
  Other   Total  
 
  (In £ Millions)
  (In £ Millions)
 

Assets

                                                 

Intangible assets attributable to shareholders:

                                                 
 

Goodwill

            235     235             80     80  
 

Deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assets (note S)

            942     942             822     822  
                                   

Total

            1,177     1,177             902     902  
                                   

Intangible assets attributable to with-profit funds:

                                                 
 

Deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assets

    102             102     97             97  

Deferred tax assets

            96     96             132     132  

Other non-investment and non-cash assets

    373     180     439     992     234     83     563     880  

Investments of long-term business and other operations:

                                                 
 

Investment properties

            11     11             11     11  
 

Investments accounted for using the equity method

            5     5             2     2  
 

Financial investments:

                                                 
   

Loans (note U)

    883         500     1,383     781     27     399     1,207  
   

Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts

    4,025     8,046     252     12,323     3,691     7,224     267     11,182  
   

Debt securities (note V)

    5,990     2,697     3,738     12,425     4,988     2,462     2,534     9,984  
   

Other investments

    130     23     274     427     73     44     141     258  
   

Deposits

    27     284     641     952     14     196     536     746  
                                   

Total investments

    11,055     11,050     5,421     27,526     9,547     9,953     3,890     23,390  
                                   

Cash and cash equivalents

    350     232     428     1,010     225     235     377     837  
                                   

Total assets

    11,880     11,462     7,561     30,903     10,103     10,271     5,864     26,238  
                                   

Equity and liabilities

                                                 

Equity

                                                 

Shareholders' equity

            1,992     1,992             1,462     1,462  

Non-controlling interests

            2     2             1     1  
                                   

Total equity

            1,994     1,994             1,463     1,463  
                                   

Liabilities

                                                 

Policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds:

                                                 

Contract liabilities (including amounts in respect of contracts classified as investment contracts under IFRS 4)

    10,110     10,855     4,515     25,480     8,808     9,717     3,333     21,858  

Unallocated surplus of with-profits funds

    52             52     53             53  
                                   

Total

    10,162     10,855     4,515     25,532     8,861     9,717     3,333     21,911  
                                   

Operational borrowings attributable to shareholders- financed operations

            195     195             210     210  

Deferred tax liabilities

    297     12     116     425     266     12     106     384  

Other non-insurance liabilities

    1,421     595     741     2,757     976     542     752     2,270  
                                   

Total liabilities

    11,880     11,462     5,567     28,909     10,103     10,271     4,401     24,775  
                                   

Total equity and liabilities

    11,880     11,462     7,561     30,903     10,103     10,271     5,864     26,238  
                                   

Note

(i)
The statement of financial position for with-profits business comprises the with-profits assets and liabilities of the with-profits operations of Hong Kong, Malaysia and Singapore. Assets and liabilities of other participating business are included in the column for "other business".

I-49


Table of Contents


Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

P      Statement of financial position (Continued)

(iv)  Asset management operations

 
  M&G   US   Asia   Total
June 30,
2010
  Total
December 31,
2009
 
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Assets

                               

Intangible assets:

                               
 

Goodwill

    1,153     16     61     1,230     1,230  
 

Deferred acquisition costs

    8             8     8  
                       

Total

    1,161     16     61     1,238     1,238  
                       

Other non-investment and non-cash assets

    733     177     107     1,017     850  

Financial investments:

                               
 

Loans (note U)

    1,453             1,453     1,413  
 

Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts

    146         9     155     137  
 

Debt securities (note V)

    1,450         16     1,466     1,164  
 

Other investments (note (iii))

    189     2     4     195     113  
 

Deposits

    37     3     14     54     63  
                       

Total financial investments

    3,275     5     43     3,323     2,890  
                       

Cash and cash equivalents (note (iii))

    925     36     115     1,076     970  
                       

Total assets

    6,094     234     326     6,654     5,948  
                       

Equity and liabilities

                               

Equity

                               

Shareholders' equity (note (i))

    1,343     127     241     1,711     1,659  

Non-controlling interests

    3             3     3  
                       

Total equity

    1,346     127     241     1,714     1,662  
                       

Liabilities

                               

Intra-group debt represented by operational borrowings at Group level (note (ii))

    2,564             2,564     2,038  

Net asset value attributable to external holders of consolidated funds (note (iii))

    398             398     410  

Other non-insurance liabilities

    1,786     107     85     1,978     1,838  
                       

Total liabilities

    4,748     107     85     4,940     4,286  
                       

Total equity and liabilities

    6,094     234     326     6,654     5,948  
                       

Notes

(i)
M&G shareholders' equity includes equity in respect of Prudential Capital.

(ii)
Intra Group debt represented by operational borrowings at Group level

    Operational borrowings for M&G are in respect of Prudential Capital's short-term fixed income security program and comprise £2,312 million (December 31, 2009: £2,031 million) of commercial paper and £252 million (December 31, 2009: £7 million) of medium-term notes.

(iii)
Consolidated investment funds

    The M&G statement of financial position shown above includes investment funds which are managed on behalf of third parties. In respect of these funds, the statement of financial position includes cash and cash equivalents of £247 million, £164 million of other investments, £(13) million of other net assets and liabilities and net asset value attributable to external unit holders of £398 million which are non-recourse to M&G and the Group.

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Table of Contents


Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

Q     Acquisition of United Overseas Bank Life Assurance Limited

        On February 1, 2010, the Group acquired from United Overseas Bank (UOB) its 100 per cent interest in UOB Life Assurance Limited in Singapore for total cash consideration, after post-completion adjustments currently estimated at SGD67 million (£32 million), of SGD495 million (£220 million). The acquisition offers new profitable growth opportunities in Asia. As part of the transaction the Group also entered into a long-term strategic partnership to develop a major regional bancassurance business with UOB.

        In addition to the amounts above the Group incurred £2 million of acquisition-related costs (excluding integration costs). These have been excluded from the consideration transferred and have been recognized as an expense in the period, in the condensed consolidated income statement. This amount has been excluded from operating profit based on longer-term investment returns.

Goodwill arising on acquisition

 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Cash consideration

    220  

Less: fair value of identifiable net assets acquired

    (75 )
       

Goodwill arising on acquisition

    145  
       

        Goodwill arose in the acquisition of UOB Life Assurance Limited in Singapore because the acquisition included revenue and cost synergies. These assets could not be separately recognized from goodwill because they are not capable of being separated from the Group and sold, transferred, licensed, rented or exchanged, either individually or together with any related contracts and did not arise from contractual or other legal rights.

        None of the goodwill arising on this transaction is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

Assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition

 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Assets:

       

Intangible assets attributable to shareholders: Present value of acquired in-force business

    2  

Other non-investment and non-cash assets

    22  

Investments of long-term business and other operations

    1,004  

Cash and cash equivalents

    89  
       

Total assets

    1,117  
       

Liabilities:

       

Policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of with-profit funds: Contract liabilities

    968  

Other non-insurance liabilities

    74  
       

Total liabilities

    1,042  
       

Fair value of identifiable net assets acquired

    75  
       

        Total assets include loans and receivables with a fair value of £15 million. This value represents the gross contractual amount and all amounts are expected to be collected.

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Table of Contents


Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

Q     Acquisition of United Overseas Bank Life Assurance Limited (Continued)

Impact of acquisition on the results of the Group

        Included in the Group's consolidated profit before tax for the period is £8 million attributable to UOB Life Assurance Limited in Singapore. Consolidated revenue, including investment returns, for the period includes £50 million in respect of UOB Life Assurance Limited in Singapore.

        Had the acquisition been effected at January 1, 2010, the revenue and profit of the Group from continuing operations for the six months ended June 30, 2010 would not have been materially different.

R     Goodwill attributable to shareholders

 
  June 30,
2010
  December 31,
2009
 
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Cost

             

At the beginning of the period

    1,430     1,461  

Disposal of Taiwan Agency business

        (44 )

Additional consideration paid on previously acquired businesses

        13  

Acquisition of UOB Life Assurance Limited in Singapore (note Q)

    145      

Exchange differences

    10      
           

At the end of the period

    1,585     1,430  
           

Aggregate impairment

    (120 )   (120 )
           

Net book amount at end of period

    1,465     1,310  
           

S      Deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assets attributable to shareholders

        Significant costs are incurred in connection with acquiring new insurance business. Except for acquisition costs of with-profits contracts of the UK regulated with-profits funds, which are accounted for under the FSA realistic regime, these costs, which vary with, and are primarily related to, the production of new business, are capitalized and amortized against margins in future revenues on the related insurance policies. The recoverability of the asset is measured and the asset is deemed impaired if the projected future margins are less than the carrying value of the asset. To the extent that the future margins differ from those anticipated, then an adjustment to the carrying value of the deferred acquisition cost asset will be necessary.

        The deferral and amortization of acquisition costs is of most relevance to the Group's results for shareholder-financed long-term business of Jackson and Asian operations. The majority of the UK shareholder-backed business are for individual and group annuity business where the incidence of acquisition costs is negligible.

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

S      Deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assets attributable to shareholders (Continued)

        The deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assets attributable to shareholders comprise:

 
  June 30,
2010
  December 31
2009
 
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Deferred acquisition costs relating to insurance and investment management contracts

    3,847     3,930  

Present value of acquired in-force business and distribution rights

    181     119  
           

    4,028     4,049  
           

Arising in:

             
 

UK insurance operations

    128     127  
 

US insurance operations

    2,950     3,092  
 

Asia insurance operations

    942     822  
 

Asset management operations

    8     8  
           

    4,028     4,049  
           

        The movement in the period for deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assets attributable to shareholders of the Group comprises:

 
  June 30,
2010
  December 31
2009
 
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Balance at the beginning of the period

    4,049     5,349  

Additions

    605     1,071  

Amortization to income statement

    (385 )   (316 )

Exchange differences

    269     (550 )

Change in shadow DAC

    (510 )   (1,069 )

DAC movement on sale of Taiwan agency business

        (436 )
           

Balance at the end of the period

    4,028     4,049  
           

        Of the above, the movement in the period in respect of Jackson and wholly relating to deferred acquisition costs comprises:

 
  June 30,
2010
  December 31
2009
 
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Balance at the beginning of the period

    3,092     3,962  

Additions

    408     690  

Amortization to income statement

    (257 )   (70 )

Exchange differences

    217     (421 )

Change in shadow DAC

    (510 )   (1,069 )
           

Balance at the end of the period

    2,950     3,092  
           

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

S      Deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assets attributable to shareholders (Continued)

        Under IFRS 4, the Group applies grandfathered US GAAP for measuring the insurance assets and liabilities of Jackson. In the case of Jackson term business, acquisition costs are deferred and amortized in line with expected premiums. For annuity and interest-sensitive life business, acquisition costs are deferred and amortized in line with expected gross profits on the relevant contracts. For interest-sensitive annuity and life business, the key assumption is the long-term spread between the earned rate and the rate credited to policyholders, which is based on the annual spread analysis. In addition, expected gross profits depend on mortality assumptions, assumed unit costs and terminations other than deaths (including the related charges), all of which are based on a combination of actual experience of Jackson, industry experience and future expectations. A detailed analysis of actual mortality experience is measured by internally developed mortality studies.

        Variable annuity contracts written by Jackson may provide for guaranteed minimum death, income, or withdrawal benefit features. Under US GAAP, the grandfathered basis of accounting under IFRS 4, acquisition costs for Jackson's variable annuity products are amortized in line with the emergence of profits. The measurement of the amortization in part reflects current period fees earned on assets covering liabilities to policyholders, and the expected level of future gross profits which depends on the assumed level of future fees.

        Under US GAAP the projected gross profits reflect an assumed long-term level of equity return which, for Jackson, is 8.4 per cent. This is applied to the period end level of separate account equity assets after application of a mean reversion technique that broadly removes the effect of levels of short-term volatility in current market returns. Under the mean reversion technique applied by Jackson, subject to a capping feature, the projected level of return for each of the next five years is adjusted from period to period so that in combination with the actual rates of return for the preceding two years and the current year, the 8.4 per cent annual return is applied on average over the eight-year period. Projected returns after the next five years are also applied at the 8.4 per cent rate of return. The capping feature in the eight-year mean reversion period, which currently applies due to the very sharp market falls in 2008, is that the projected rates of return for the next five years can be no more than 15 per cent per annum. If Jackson had not applied the mean reversion methodology and had instead applied a constant 8.4 per cent annual return from today's asset values, the impact would be a reduction in deferred acquisition costs of £107 million.

        The amortization charge to the income statement is reflected in the operating profit before equity hedge results, the equity hedge results and short-term fluctuations in investment returns. The amortization charge to the operating profit before equity hedge results in a reporting period will incorporate an element of acceleration or deceleration that reflects the variance between the actual level of return attained and the assumed level in the mean reversion calculation. In the first half of 2010 and the first half of 2009 the element of DAC amortization charge included in operating profit includes £67 million and £12 million respectively of accelerated amortization. These amounts reflect asset value shortfalls in the periods compared with the assumed level of 15 per cent for the year. For full year 2009, reflecting the excess of actual returns over the 15 per cent assumed level, the operating profit incorporates a credit for decelerated amortization of £39 million.

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

S      Deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assets attributable to shareholders (Continued)

        In the first half of 2010 the separate account net equity return was approximately negative five per cent. The amortization charge for the year ended December 31, 2010 is sensitive to changes in separate account returns in the second half of the year. For the year ending December 31, 2010, each one per cent divergence of the actual separate account net equity return from the assumed return, is estimated to give rise to a sensitivity for accelerated or decelerated amortization of approximately £6 million.

        In the absence of significant market declines between now and the end of 2011 Jackson would expect to see higher amortization levels than normal. This would essentially represent a reversal of the mean reversion benefits to date, as highly negative returns from 2008 will no longer be included in the mean reverting returns.

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

T      Valuation bases for Group assets

        The accounting carrying values of the Group's assets reflect the requirements of IFRS. For financial investments the basis of valuation reflects the Group's application of IAS 39, "Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement" as described further below. The basis applied for the assets section of the statement of financial position at June 30, 2010 is summarized below:

 
  June 30, 2010   December 31, 2009  
 
  At fair
value
  Cost /
Amortized
cost
(note (ii)
)
  Total   At fair
value
  Cost /
Amortized
cost
(note (ii)
)
  Total  
 
  (In £ Millions)
  (In £ Millions)
 

Intangible assets attributable to shareholders:

                                     
 

Goodwill (note R)

        1,465     1,465         1,310     1,310  
 

Deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assets (note S)

        4,028     4,028         4,049     4,049  
                           
 

Total

        5,493     5,493         5,359     5,359  
                           

Intangible assets attributable to with-profits funds:

                                     
 

In respect of acquired subsidiaries for venture fund and other investment purposes

        124     124         124     124  

Deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assets

        110     110         106     106  
                           
 

Total

        234     234         230     230  
                           

Total

        5,727     5,727         5,589     5,589  
                           

Other non-investment and non-cash assets:

                                     
 

Property, plant and equipment

        382     382         367     367  
 

Reinsurers' share of insurance contract liabilities

        1,369     1,369         1,187     1,187  
 

Deferred tax assets (note L)

        2,691     2,691         2,708     2,708  
 

Current tax recoverable

        575     575         636     636  
 

Accrued investment income

        2,559     2,559         2,473     2,473  
 

Other debtors

        1,467     1,467         762     762  
                           
 

Total

        9,043     9,043         8,133     8,133  
                           

Investments of long-term business and other operations:

                                     
 

Investment properties

    11,360         11,360     10,905         10,905  
 

Investments accounted for using the equity method

        9     9         6     6  
 

Financial investments:

                                     
   

Loans (notes (iii) and U)

    251     9,336     9,587         8,754     8,754  
   

Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts (note (iii))

    71,775         71,775     69,354         69,354  
   

Debt securities (notes (iii) and V)

    113,334         113,334     101,751         101,751  
   

Other investments (note (iii))

    6,768         6,768     5,132         5,132  
   

Deposits (note (i))

        9,766     9,766         12,820     12,820  
                           

Total

    203,488     19,111     222,599     187,142     21,580     208,722  

Properties held for sale

    3         3     3         3  

Cash and cash equivalents (note (i))

        6,040     6,040         5,307     5,307  
                           

Total assets

    203,491     39,921     243,412     187,145     40,609     227,754  
                           

Percentage of Group total assets

    84%     16%     100%     82%     18%     100%  
                           

Notes

(i)
Under IAS 39, deposits and cash and cash equivalents are classified as loans and receivables and carried at amortized cost in the statement of financial position. There is no difference between their carrying values and fair values. Including these

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

T      Valuation bases for Group assets (Continued)

    amounts as being at their fair values, the percentage of the Group's total assets held on the statement of financial position which were at fair value at June 30, 2010 was 90 per cent (December 31, 2009: 90 per cent).

(ii)
Assets carried at cost or amortized cost are subject to impairment testing where appropriate under IFRS requirements. This category also includes assets which are valued by reference to specific IFRS such as reinsurers' share of insurance contract liabilities, deferred tax assets and investments accounted for under the equity method.

(iii)
These assets comprise financial instruments requiring fair value valuation under IAS 39 with a value of £192.1 billion (December 31, 2009: £176.2 billion).

Determination of fair value

        The fair values of the financial assets and liabilities as shown on the tables opposite have been determined on the following bases.

        The fair values of the financial instruments for which fair valuation is required under IFRS are determined by the use of current market bid prices for exchange-quoted investments, or by using quotations from independent third-parties, such as brokers and pricing services or by using appropriate valuation techniques. Investments valued using valuation techniques include financial investments which by their nature do not have an externally quoted price based on regular trades and financial investments for which markets are no longer active as a result of market conditions e.g. market illiquidity. The valuation techniques used include comparison to recent arm's length transactions, reference to other instruments that are substantially the same, discounted cash flow analysis, option adjusted spread models and, if applicable, enterprise valuation. These techniques may include a number of assumptions relating to variables such as credit risk and interest rates. Changes in assumptions relating to these variables could positively or negatively impact the reported fair value of these instruments. When determining the inputs into the valuation techniques used priority is given to publicly available prices from independent sources when available, but overall the source of pricing is chosen with the objective of arriving at a fair value measurement which reflects the price at which an orderly transaction would take place between market participants on the measurement date.

        The fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based upon available market information and judgments about the financial instruments, including estimates of the timing and amount of expected future cash flows and the credit standing of counterparties. Such estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Group's entire holdings of a particular financial instrument, nor do they consider the tax impact of the realization of unrealized gains or losses from selling the financial instrument being fair valued. In some cases the fair value estimates cannot be substantiated by comparison to independent markets, nor can the disclosed value be realized in immediate settlement of the financial instrument.

        The estimated fair value of derivative financial instruments reflects the estimated amount the Group would receive or pay in an arm's length transaction. This amount is determined using quoted prices if exchange listed, quotations from independent third-parties or valued internally using standard market practices. In accordance with the Group's risk management framework, all internally generated valuations are subject to assessment against external counterparties' valuations.

        The fair value of borrowings attributable to with-profits funds is based on quoted market prices.

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

T      Valuation bases for Group assets (Continued)

Level 1, 2 and 3 fair value measurement hierarchy of Group financial instruments

        The table below includes financial instruments carried at fair value analyzed by level of the IFRS 7 defined fair value hierarchy. This hierarchy is based on the inputs to the fair value measurement and reflects the lowest level input that is significant to that measurement.

        The classification criteria and its application to Prudential can be summarized as follows:

Level 1—quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets and liabilities

        Level 1 principally includes exchange listed equities, mutual funds with quoted prices, exchange traded derivatives such as futures and options, and national government bonds unless there is evidence that trading in a given instrument is so infrequent that the market could not possibly be considered active. It also includes other financial instruments (including net assets attributable to unit holders of consolidated unit trusts and similar funds) where there is clear evidence that the year end valuation is based on a traded price in an active market.

Level 2—inputs other than quoted prices included within level 1 that are observable either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices)

        Level 2 principally includes corporate bonds and other non-national government debt securities which are valued using observable inputs, together with over-the-counter derivatives such as forward exchange contracts and non-quoted investment funds valued with observable inputs. It also includes net assets attributable to unit-holders of consolidated unit trusts and similar funds and investment contract liabilities that are valued using observable inputs.

        The nature of Prudential's operations in the US and the UK mean that a significant proportion of the assets backing non-linked shareholder backed business are held in corporate bonds, structured securities and other non-national government debt securities. These assets, in line with market practice, are generally valued using independent pricing providers in the US and third party broker quotes in the UK and Asia either directly or via third parties such as IDC or Bloomberg. Such assets are generally classified as level 2 as the nature of these quotations means that they do not strictly meet the definition of a level 1 asset. However these valuations are determined using independent external quotations from multiple sources and are subject to a number of monitoring controls such as monthly price variances, stale price reviews and variance analysis on prices achieved on subsequent trades.

        Pricing services, where available, are used to obtain the third-party broker quotes. Where pricing services providers are used, a single valuation is obtained and applied.

        When prices are not available from pricing services, quotes are sourced directly from brokers. Prudential seeks to obtain a number of quotes from different brokers so as to obtain the most comprehensive information available on their executability. Where quotes are sourced directly from brokers, the price used in the valuation is normally selected from one of the quotes based on a number of factors, including the timeliness and regularity of the quotes and the accuracy of the quotes considering the spreads provided. The selected quote is the one which best represents an executable quote for the security at the measurement date.

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

T      Valuation bases for Group assets (Continued)

        Generally, no adjustment is made to the prices obtained from independent third parties. Adjustment is made in only limited circumstances, where it is determined that the third party valuations obtained do not reflect fair value (e.g. either because the value is stale and/or the values are extremely diverse in range). These are usually securities which are distressed or that could be subject to a debt restructure or where reliable market prices are no longer available due to an inactive market or market dislocation. In these instances, prices are derived using internal valuation techniques including those as described above in this note with the objective of arriving at a fair value measurement which reflects the price at which an orderly transaction would take place between market participants on the measurement date. These techniques require a number of assumptions relating to variables such as credit risk and interest rates. Examples of such variables are an average credit spread based on the corporate bond universe and the relevant duration of the asset being valued. Prudential measures the input assumptions based on the best available information of the measurement dates. Securities valued in such manner are classified as level 3 where these significant inputs are not based on observable market data.

        In addition level 2 includes debt securities that are valued internally using standard market practices. Of the total level 2 debt securities of £87,440 million at June 30, 2010 (December 31, 2009: £83,301 million), £6,862 million are valued internally (December 31, 2009: £6,426 million). The majority of such securities use matrix pricing, which is based on assessing the credit quality of the underlying borrower to derive a suitable discount rate relative to government securities on a comparable duration. Under matrix pricing, the debt securities are priced taking the credit spreads on comparable quoted public debt securities and applying these to the equivalent debt instruments factoring a specified liquidity premium. The majority of the parameters used in this valuation technique are readily observable in the market and, therefore, are not subject to interpretation.

Level 3—Significant inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs)

        Level 3 principally includes investments in private equity funds, investments in property funds which are exposed to bespoke properties or risks investments which are internally valued or subject to a significant number of unobservable assumptions and certain derivatives which are bespoke or long dated. It also includes debt securities which are rarely traded or traded only in privately negotiated transactions and hence where it is difficult to assert that these have been based on observable market data. The inherent nature of the vast majority of these assets means that, in normal market conditions, there is unlikely to be significant change in the specific underlying assets classified as level 3.

        At June 30, 2010 the Group held £4,570 million (December 31, 2009: £5,190 million), three per cent of the fair valued financial instruments (December 31, 2009: three per cent), within level 3. Of these amounts £3,698 million (December 31, 2009: £3,510 million) was held by the Group's participating funds and therefore shareholders' profit and equity are not impacted by movements in the valuation of these financial instruments. Total level 3 assets represented 3.9 per cent of the total assets of the participating funds at June 30, 2010 (December 31, 2009: 3.7 per cent). Total level 3 liabilities at June 30, 2010 were £394 million out of total participating fund liabilities of £106,007 million (December 31, 2009: £348 million out of £104,817 million).

        Of the £892 million level 3 fair valued financial investments at June 30, 2010 (December 31, 2009: £1,684 million), net of derivative liabilities which support non-linked shareholder-backed business

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

T      Valuation bases for Group assets (Continued)


(1.4 per cent of the total financial investments net of derivative liabilities backing this business) (December 31, 2009: 3.0 per cent), £817 million are externally valued and £75 million are internally valued (December 31, 2009: £1,653 million and £31 million respectively). Internal valuations, which represent 0.12 per cent of the total financial investments net of derivative liabilities supporting non-linked shareholder-backed business at June 30, 2010 (December 31, 2009: 0.06 per cent), are inherently more subjective than external valuations.

 
  June 30, 2010  
 
  Level 1   Level 2   Level 3   Total  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

With-profits

                         

Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts

    25,655     988     476     27,119  

Debt securities

    10,975     39,707     1,206     51,888  

Other investments (including derivative assets)

    64     1,679     2,410     4,153  

Derivative liabilities

    (136 )   (589 )   (27 )   (752 )
                   

Total financial investments, net of derivative liabilities

    36,558     41,785     4,065     82,408  

Borrowing attributable to the with-profits fund held at fair value

        (88 )       (88 )

Investment contract liabilities without discretionary participation feature(s) held at fair value

                 

Net asset value attributable to unit holders of consolidated unit trusts and similar funds

    (384 )   (273 )   (367 )   (1,024 )
                   

Total

    36,174     41,424     3,698     81,296  

Percentage of total

    44%     51%     5%     100%  
                   

Unit-linked and variable annuity

                         

Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts

    43,810     65         43,875  

Debt securities

    3,617     4,683     25     8,325  

Other investments (including derivative assets)

    21     69         90  

Derivative liabilities

                 
                   

Total financial investments, net of derivative liabilities

    47,448     4,817     25     52,290  

Investment contract liabilities without discretionary participation features held at fair value

        (12,547 )       (12,547 )

Net asset value attributable to unit holders of consolidated unit trusts and similar funds

    (1,159 )           (1,159 )
                   

Total

    46,289     (7,730 )   25     38,584  

Percentage of total

    120%     (20% )   0%     100%  
                   

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

T      Valuation bases for Group assets (Continued)

 
  June 30, 2010  
 
  Level 1   Level 2   Level 3   Total  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Non-linked shareholder-backed

                         

Loans

        251         251  

Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts

    543     41     197     781  

Debt securities

    9,754     43,050     317     53,121  

Other investments (including derivative assets)

    203     1,747     575     2,525  

Derivative liabilities

    (6 )   (1,078 )   (197 )   (1,281 )
                   

Total financial investments, net of derivative liabilities

    10,494     44,011     892     55,397  

Investment contract liabilities without discretionary participation features held at fair value

        (1,316 )       (1,316 )

Net asset value attributable to unit holders of consolidated unit trusts and similar funds

    (122 )   (317 )   (45 )   (484 )

Other liabilities

        (252 )       (252 )
                   

Total

    10,372     42,126     847     53,345  

Percentage of total

    19%     79%     2%     100%  
                   

Group total

                         

Loans

        251         251  

Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts

    70,008     1,094     673     71,775  

Debt securities

    24,346     87,440     1,548     113,334  

Other investments (including derivative assets)

    288     3,495     2,985     6,768  

Derivative liabilities

    (142 )   (1,667 )   (224 )   (2,033 )
                   

Total financial investments, net of derivative liabilities

    94,500     90,613     4,982     190,095  

Borrowing attributable to the with-profits fund held at fair value

        (88 )       (88 )

Investment contract liabilities without discretionary participation features held at fair value

        (13,863 )       (13,863 )

Net asset value attributable to unit holders of consolidated unit trusts and similar funds

    (1,665 )   (590 )   (412 )   (2,667 )

Other liabilities

        (252 )       (252 )
                   

Total

    92,835     75,820     4,570     173,225  

Percentage of total

    53%     44%     3%     100%  
                   

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

T      Valuation bases for Group assets (Continued)

 
  December 31, 2009  
 
  Level 1   Level 2   Level 3   Total  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

With-profits

                         

Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts

    28,688     799     475     29,962  

Debt securities

    7,063     39,051     1,213     47,327  

Other investments (including derivative assets)

    79     1,199     2,170     3,448  

Derivative liabilities

    (54 )   (504 )   (25 )   (583 )
                   

Total financial investments net of derivative liabilities

    35,776     40,545     3,833     80,154  

Borrowing attributable to the with-profits fund held at fair value

        (105 )       (105 )

Investment contract liabilities without discretionary participation feature held at fair value

                 

Net asset value attributable to unit holders of consolidated unit trusts and similar funds

    (1,354 )   (305 )   (323 )   (1,982 )
                   

Total

    34,422     40,135     3,510     78,067  

Percentage of total

    44%     51%     5%     100%  
                   

Unit-linked and variable annuity

                         

Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts

    38,616     4         38,620  

Debt securities

    3,283     5,525     40     8,848  

Other investments (including derivative assets)

    30     80         110  

Derivative liabilities

                 
                   

Total financial investments net of derivative liabilities

    41,929     5,609     40     47,578  

Investment contract liabilities without discretionary participation features held at fair value

        (12,242 )       (12,242 )

Net asset value attributable to unit holders of consolidated unit trusts and similar funds

    (1,324 )   (7 )   (2 )   (1,333 )
                   

Total

    40,605     (6,640 )   38     34,003  

Percentage of total

    119%     (19% )   0%     100%  
                   

Non-linked shareholder-backed

                         

Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts

    557     36     179     772  

Debt securities

    5,783     38,725     1,068     45,576  

Other investments (including derivative assets)

    155     787     632     1,574  

Derivative liabilities

    (20 )   (703 )   (195 )   (918 )
                   

Total financial investments net of derivative liabilities

    6,475     38,845     1,684     47,004  

Investment contract liabilities without discretionary participation features held at fair value

        (1,598 )       (1,598 )

Net asset value attributable to unit holders of consolidated unit trusts and similar funds

    (110 )   (342 )   (42 )   (494 )
                   

Total

    6,365     36,905     1,642     44,912  

Percentage of total

    14%     82%     4%     100%  
                   

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

T      Valuation bases for Group assets (Continued)

 
  December 31, 2009  
 
  Level 1   Level 2   Level 3   Total  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Group total

                         

Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts

    67,861     839     654     69,354  

Debt securities

    16,129     83,301     2,321     101,751  

Other investments (including derivative assets)

    264     2,066     2,802     5,132  

Derivative liabilities

    (74 )   (1,207 )   (220 )   (1,501 )
                   

Total financial investments net of derivative liabilities

    84,180     84,999     5,557     174,736  

Borrowing attributable to the with-profits fund held at fair value

        (105 )       (105 )

Investment contract liabilities without discretionary participation features held at fair value

        (13,840 )       (13,840 )

Net asset value attributable to unit holders of consolidated unit trusts and similar funds

    (2,788 )   (654 )   (367 )   (3,809 )
                   

Total

    81,392     70,400     5,190     156,982  
                   

Percentage of total

    52%     45%     3%     100%  
                   

U     Loans portfolio

        Loans are accounted for at amortized cost net of impairment losses except for certain mortgage loans of the UK insurance operations which have been designated at fair value through profit and loss as this loan portfolio is managed and evaluated on a fair value basis. The amounts included in the statement of financial position are analyzed as follows:

 
  June 30,
2010
  December 31,
2009
 
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Insurance operations

             
 

UK (note (i))

    2,214     1,815  
 

US (note (ii))

    4,537     4,319  
 

Asia (note (iii))

    1,383     1,207  

Asset management operations

             
 

M&G (note (iv))

    1,453     1,413  
           

Total

    9,587     8,754  
           

Notes

(i)
UK insurance operations

    The loans of the Group's UK insurance operations of £2,214 million at June 30, 2010 (December 31, 2009: £1,815 million) comprise loans held by the PAC with-profits fund of £1,189 million (December 31, 2009: £1,106 million) and loans held by shareholder-backed business of £1,025 million (December 31, 2009: £709 million).

    The loans held by the PAC with-profits fund comprise mortgage loans of £197 million, policy loans of £23 million and other loans of £969 million (December 31, 2009: £145 million, £24 million and £937 million respectively). The mortgage loans are

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Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

U     Loans portfolio (Continued)


    collateralized by properties. Other loans held by the PAC with-profits fund are all commercial loans and comprise mainly syndicated loans.

    The loans held by the UK shareholder-backed business comprise mortgage loans collateralized by properties of £1,019 million (December 31, 2009: £702 million) and other loans of £6 million (December 31, 2009: £7 million).

(ii)
US insurance operations

    The loans of the Group's US insurance operations of £4,537 million at June 30, 2010 (December 31, 2009 £4,319 million) comprise mortgage loans of £3,948 million, policy loans of £573 million and other loans of £16 million (December 31, 2009: £3,774 million, £530 million and £15 million, respectively). All of the mortgage loans are commercial mortgage loans which are collateralized by properties. The property types are mainly industrial, multi-family residential, office, retail and hotel. The breakdown by property type is as follows:

   
  June 30,
2010
%
  December 31,
2009
%
 
 

Industrial

    30     32  
 

Multi-Family

    18     18  
 

Office

    21     20  
 

Retail

    20     19  
 

Hotels

    10     10  
 

Other

    1     1  
             
 

    100     100  
             

    The US insurance operations' commercial mortgage loan portfolio does not include any single-family residential mortgage loans and is therefore not exposed to the risk of defaults associated with residential sub-prime mortgage loans. The average loan size is £7.1 million. The portfolio has a current estimated average loan to value of 72 per cent which provides significant cushion to withstand substantial declines in value.

    The policy loans are fully secured by individual life insurance policies or annuity policies.

(iii)
Asian insurance operations

    The loans of the Group's Asian insurance operations of £1,383 million at June 30, 2010 (December 31, 2009: £1,207 million) comprise mortgage loans of £18 million, policy loans of £497 million and other loans of £868 million (December 31, 2009: £13 million, £437 million and £757 million respectively). The mortgage and policy loans are secured by properties and life insurance policies respectively.

    The majority of the other loans are commercial loans held by the Malaysian operation and which are all investment graded by two local rating agencies.

(iv)
M&G

The M&G loans of £1,453 million (December 31, 2009: £1,413 million) relate to loans and receivables managed by Prudential Capital. These assets generally have no external credit ratings available. The internal ratings prepared by the Group's asset management operations as part of the risk management process are £87 million A+ to A- (December 31, 2009: £92 million) £907 million BBB+ to BBB- (December 31, 2009: £835 million), £315 million BB+ to BB- (December 31, 2009: £330 million), and £144 million B+ to B- (December 31, 2009: £156 million).

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

V     Debt securities portfolio

        Debt securities are carried at fair value. The amounts included in the statement of financial position are analyzed as follows, with further information relating to the credit quality of the Group's debt securities at June 30, 2010 provided in the notes below.

 
  June 30,
2010
  December 31,
2009
 
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Insurance operations

             
 

UK (note (i))

    72,072     67,772  
 

US (note (ii))

    27,371     22,831  
 

Asia (note (iii))

    12,425     9,984  

Asset management operations (note (iv))

    1,466     1,164  
           

Total

    113,334     101,751  
           

Note

(i)
UK insurance operations

   
   
   
   
   
   
   
  UK insurance operations  
   
  PAC-with profits sub-fund    
   
   
 
   
  Other funds and subsidiaries   Other
annuity
and
long-term
business
   
   
 
   
  Scottish
Amicable
Insurance
Fund
  Excluding
Prudential
Annuities
Limited
   
   
   
 
   
  Prudential
Annuities
Limited
  Total   Unit-linked
assets and
liabilities
  PRIL   June 30,
2010
Total
  December 31,
2009
Total
 
   
  (In £ Millions)
 
 

S&P—AAA

    1,322     5,633     3,189     8,822     2,618     5,305     870     18,937     16,091  
 

S&P—AA+ to AA-

    355     2,132     1,132     3,264     592     1,914     246     6,371     6,472  
 

S&P—A+ to A-

    1,149     7,282     3,914     11,196     1,553     6,055     742     20,695     19,693  
 

S&P—BBB+ to BBB-

    1,088     6,923     1,336     8,259     730     2,275     447     12,799     12,183  
 

S&P—Other

    340     2,020     171     2,191     37     137     19     2,724     2,667  
                                         
 

    4,254     23,990     9,742     33,732     5,530     15,686     2,324     61,526     57,106  
                                         
 

Moody's—Aaa

    70     354     58     412     6     87     22     597     463  
 

Moody's—Aa1 to Aa3

    10     97     43     140         107     26     283     276  
 

Moody's—A1 to A3

    27     174     227     401         134     15     577     801  
 

Moody's—Baa1 to Baa3

    62     385     248     633         139     27     861     815  
 

Moody's—Other

    19     190     45     235         56     4     314     339  
                                         
 

    188     1,200     621     1,821     6     523     94     2,632     2,694  
                                         
 

Fitch

    30     213     178     391         202     33     656     1,022  
 

Other

    458     2,658     2,366     5,024     92     1,587     97     7,258     6,950  
                                         
 

Total debt securities

    4,930     28,061     12,907     40,968     5,628     17,998     2,548     72,072     67,772  
                                         

    Where no external ratings are available, internal ratings produced by the Group's asset management operation, which are prepared on the Company's assessment of a comparable basis to external ratings, are used where possible. Of the £7,258 million total debt securities held at June 30, 2010 (December 31, 2009: £6,950 million) which are not externally rated, £2,289 million were internally rated AAA to A-, £3,529 million were internally rated BBB to B- and £1,440 million were unrated (December 31, 2009: £2,190 million, £3,445 million and £1,315 million respectively). The majority of unrated debt security investments were held in SAIF and the PAC with-profits fund and relate to convertible debt and other investments which are not covered by ratings analysts nor have an internal rating attributed to them. Of the £1,684 million (December 31, 2009: £1,503 million) PRIL and other annuity and long-term business investments which are not externally

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Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

V     Debt securities portfolio (Continued)

    rated, £8 million (December 31, 2009: £15 million) were internally rated AAA, £90 million (December 31, 2009: £88 million) AA, £530 million (December 31, 2009: £495 million) A, £699 million (December 31, 2009: £647 million) BBB, £104 million (December 31, 2009: £123 million) BB and £253 million (December 31, 2009: £135 million) were internally rated B+ and below.

(ii)
US insurance operations

    US insurance operations held total debt securities with a carrying value of £27,371 million at June 30, 2010 (December 31, 2009: £22,831 million). The table below provides information relating to the credit risk of the aforementioned debt securities.

   
  June 30, 2010    
 
   
  December 31, 2009  
   
  Carrying value  
 
Summary
  Carrying value  
   
  (In £ Millions)
 
 

Corporate and government securities

    20,451     16,455  
 

Residential mortgage-backed securities

    3,343     3,316  
 

Commercial mortgage-backed securities

    2,494     2,104  
 

Other debt securities

    1,083     956  
             
 

Total debt securities

    27,371     22,831  
             

    The following table summarizes the securities detailed above by rating as at June 30, 2010 using Standard and Poor's (S&P), Moody's, Fitch and implicit ratings of RMBS based on NAIC valuations:

   
  June 30,
2010
  December 31,
2009
 
   
  (In £ Millions)
 
 

S&P—AAA

    5,600     3,287  
 

S&P—AA+ to AA-

    1,164     846  
 

S&P—A+ to A-

    6,118     5,192  
 

S&P—BBB+ to BBB-

    8,469     7,659  
 

S&P—Other

    833     895  
             
 

    22,184     17,879  
             
 

Moody's—Aaa

    8     273  
 

Moody's—Aa1 to Aa3

    34     43  
 

Moody's—A1 to A3

    247     32  
 

Moody's—Baa1 to Baa3

    89     64  
 

Moody's—Other

    66     57  
             
 

    444     469  
             
 

Implicit ratings of RMBS based on NAIC valuations (see below)

             
 

NAIC 1

    810     747  
 

NAIC 2

    161     105  
 

NAIC 3-6

    319     473  
             
 

Total

    1,290     1,325  
             
 

Fitch

    262     281  
 

Other*

    3,191     2,877  
             
 

Total debt securities

    27,371     22,831  
             

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

V     Debt securities portfolio (Continued)

    In the previous table, with the exception of residential mortgage-backed securities at June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009, S&P ratings have been used where available. For securities where S&P ratings are not immediately available, those produced by Moody's and then Fitch have been used as an alternative.

    During the second half of 2009 the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) in the US revised the regulatory rating process for more than 20,000 residential mortgage-backed securities. The table above includes these securities, where held by Jackson, using the regulatory rating levels established by an external third party (PIMCO) for half year 2010 and full year 2009.

*
The amounts within Other which are not rated by S&P, Moody's or Fitch, nor are RMBS securities using the revised regulatory ratings, have the following NAIC classifications:

   
  June 30,
2010
  December 31,
2009
 
   
  (In £ Millions)
 
 

NAIC 1

    1,240     1,102  
 

NAIC 2

    1,787     1,623  
 

NAIC 3-6

    164     152  
             
 

    3,191     2,877  
             
(iii)
Asia insurance operations

   
  With-profits
business
  Unit-linked
business
  Other
business
  June 30,
2010
Total
  December 31,
2009
Total
 
   
  (In £ Millions)
 
 

S&P—AAA

    1,940     306     271     2,517     2,259  
 

S&P—AA+ to AA-

    881     563     1,235     2,679     1,594  
 

S&P—A+ to A-

    1,189     91     527     1,807     1,496  
 

S&P—BBB+ to BBB-

    647     114     191     952     682  
 

S&P—Other

    455     328     577     1,360     917  
                         
 

    5,112     1,402     2,801     9,315     6,948  
                         
 

Moody's—Aaa

    117     69     30     216     134  
 

Moody's—Aa1 to Aa3

    40     53     22     115     349  
 

Moody's—A1 to A3

    117     20     106     243     309  
 

Moody's—Baa1 to Baa3

    55     13     35     103     40  
 

Moody's—Other

    21         12     33     15  
                         
 

    350     155     205     710     847  
                         
 

Fitch

    33     190     14     237     39  
 

Other

    495     949     719     2,163     2,150  
                         
 

Total debt securities

    5,990     2,696     3,739     12,425     9,984  
                         

    Of the £719 million (December 31, 2009: £517 million) of debt securities for other business which are not rated in the table above, £183 million (December 31, 2009: £225 million) are in respect of government bonds, £334 million (December 31, 2009: £265 million) are in respect of corporate bonds rated as investment grade by local external ratings agencies and £4 million (December 31, 2009: £22 million) are structured deposits which are themselves rated but where the specific deposits have not been.

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

V     Debt securities portfolio (Continued)

(iv)
Asset Management Operations

    Total debt securities for asset management operations of £1,466 million (June 30, 2009: £978 million; December 31, 2009: £1,164 million), include £1,450 million (December 31, 2009: £1,149 million) relating to M&G of which £1,353 million (December 31, 2009: £1,072 million) were rated AAA to A- by S&P or Aaa by Moody's.

(v)
Group exposure to holdings in asset-backed securities

    The Group's exposure to holdings in asset-backed securities, which comprise residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS), commercial mortgage-backed securities (CMBS), CDO funds and other asset-backed securities (ABS), at June 30, 2010 is as follows:

   
  June 30,
2010
  December 31,
2009
 
   
  (In £ Millions)
 
 

Shareholder-backed operations:

             
 

UK insurance operations (note (i))

    1,102     2,044  
 

US insurance operations (note (ii))

    6,921     6,376  
 

Asian insurance operations (note (iii))

    76     59  
 

Other operations (note (iv))

    360     326  
             
 

    8,459     8,805  
             
 

With-profits operations:

             
 

UK insurance operations (note (i))

    4,682     6,451  
 

Asian insurance operations (note (iii))

    429     378  
             
 

    5,111     6,829  
             
 

Total

    13,570     15,634  
             

         Notes

    (i)
    UK insurance operations

      The UK insurance operations' exposure to asset-backed securities at June 30, 2010 comprises:

   
  June 30,
2010
  December 31,
2009
 
   
  (In £ Millions)
 
 

Shareholder-backed business (June 30, 2010: 53% AAA, 19% AA)

    1,102     2,044  
 

With-profits operations (June 30, 2010: 48% AAA, 12% AA)

    4,682     6,451  
             
 

Total

    5,784     8,495  
             

      All of the £1,102 million (December 31, 2009: £2,044 million) exposure of the shareholder-backed business relates to the UK market and primarily relates to investments held by PRIL. £3,046 million of the £4,682 million (December 31, 2009: £4,695 million of the £6,451 million) exposure of the with-profits operations relates to exposure to the UK market while the remaining £1,636 million (December 31, 2009: £1,756 million) relates to exposure to the US market.

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Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

V     Debt securities portfolio (Continued)

    (ii)
    US insurance operations

      US insurance operations' exposure to asset-backed securities at June 30, 2010 comprises:

 
  June 30,
2010
  December 31,
2009
 
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

RMBS Sub-prime (June 30, 2010: 46% AAA, 6% AA)**

    226     194  
 

Alt-A (June 30, 2010: 17% AAA, 6% AA)

    425     443  
 

Prime (June 30, 2010: 83% AAA, 2% AA)

    2,692     2,679  

CMBS (June 30, 2010: 33% AAA, 14% AA)

    2,494     2,104  

CDO funds (June 30, 2010: 7% AAA, 8% AA)*, including £3m exposure to sub-prime

    160     79  

ABS (June 30, 2010: 30% AAA, 17% AA), including £nil exposure to sub-prime

    924     877  
           

Total

    6,921     6,376  
           

      *
      Including the Group's economic interest in Piedmont and other consolidated CDO funds.

      **
      RMBS ratings refer to the ratings implicit within NAIC risk-based capital valuation as described in note F (iii)(b).

    (iii)
    Asian insurance operations

      The Asian insurance operations' exposure to asset-backed securities is primarily held by the with-profits operations.

      The £429 million (December 31, 2009: £378 million) asset-backed securities exposure of the Asian with-profit operations comprises:

 
  June 30,
2010
  December 31,
2009
 
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

RMBS—all without sub-prime exposure

         

CMBS

    113     91  

CDO funds and ABS

    316     287  
           

Total

    429     378  
           

      The £429 million (December 31, 2009: £378 million) includes £310 million (December 31, 2009: £228 million) held by investment funds consolidated under IFRS in recognition of the control arrangements for those funds and include an amount not owned by the Group with a corresponding liability of £16 million (December 31, 2009: £61 million) on the statement of financial position for net asset value attributable to external unit-holders in respect of these funds, which are non-recourse to the Group. Of the £429 million, 49 per cent (December 31, 2009: £378 million, 72 per cent) are investment graded by Standard & Poor's.

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

V     Debt securities portfolio (Continued)

    (iv)
    Other operations

      Other operations' exposure to asset-backed securities at June 30, 2010 is held by Prudential Capital and comprises:

 
  June 30,
2010
  December 31,
2009
 
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

RMBS Prime (June 30, 2010: 94% AAA, 6% AA)

    143     91  

CMBS (June 30, 2010: 32% AAA, 23% AA)

    184     193  

CDO funds and ABS

    33     42  
           

Total

    360     326  
           

W    Debt securities of US insurance operations: Valuation basis, accounting presentation of gains and losses and securities in an unrealized loss position

(i)    Valuation basis

        Under IAS 39, unless categorized as "held to maturity" debt securities are required to be fair valued. Where available, quoted market prices are used. However, where securities do not have an externally quoted price based on regular trades or are quoted in markets that are no longer active as a result of market conditions, IAS 39 requires that valuation techniques be applied.

(ii)   Accounting presentation of gains and losses

        With the exception of debt securities of US insurance operations classified as 'available-for-sale' under IAS 39, unrealized value movements on the Group's investments are booked within the income statement. For with-profits operations, such value movements are reflected in changes to asset share liabilities to policyholders or the liability for unallocated surplus. For shareholder-backed operations, the unrealized value movements form part of the total return for the year booked in the profit before tax attributable to shareholders. Separately, as noted elsewhere and in note C and as applied previously, the Group provides an analysis of this profit distinguishing operating profit based on longer-term investment return and short-term fluctuations in investment returns.

        However, for debt securities classified as 'available-for-sale', unless impaired, fair value movements are recorded as part of other comprehensive income. Impairments are recorded in the income statement as shown in note F. This classification is applied for most of the debt securities of the Group's US insurance operations.

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

W    Debt securities of US insurance operations: Valuation basis, accounting presentation of gains and losses and securities in an unrealized loss position (Continued)

(iii)  First half of 2010 movements in unrealized gains and losses

        In the first half of 2010 there was a movement in the statement of financial position value for these debt securities classified as available-for-sale from a net unrealized gain of £4 million at December 31, 2009 to a net unrealized gain of £1,171 million at June 30, 2010. The gross unrealized gain in the statement of financial position increased from £970 million at December 31, 2009 to £1,692 million at June 30, 2010, while the gross unrealized loss decreased from £966 million at December 31, 2009 to £521 million at June 30, 2010.

        These features are included in the table shown below of the movements in the values of available-for-sale securities.

 
  June 30,
2010
  Changes in
Unrealized
appreciation**
  Foreign
exchange
translation
  December 31,
2009
 
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Assets fair valued at below book value

                         
 

Book value*

    3,796                 8,220  
 

Unrealized loss

    (521 )   512     (67 )   (966 )
                       
 

Fair valued (as included in statement of financial position)

    3,275                 7,254  
                       

Assets fair valued at or above book value

                         
 

Book value*

    22,276                 14,444  
 

Unrealized gain

    1,692     632     90     970  
                       
 

Fair value (as included in statement of financial position)

    23,968                 15,414  
                       

Total

                         
 

Book value*

    26,072                 22,664  
 

Net unrealized gain

    1,171     1,144     23     4  
                       
 

Fair value (as included in statement of financial position)***

    27,243                 22,668  
                       
 

Reflected as part of movement in comprehensive income

                         
 

Movement in unrealized appreciation

    1,144                 2,669  
 

Exchange movements

    23                 232  
                       

    1,167                 2,901  
                       

*
Book value represents cost/amortized cost of the debt securities.

**
Translated at the average rate of $1.5253: £1.

***
Debt securities for US operations included in the statement of financial position at June 30, 2010 of £27,371 million, and as referred to above comprise £27,243 million for securities classified as available-for-sale, as shown above, and £128 million for securities of consolidated investment funds classified as fair value through profit and loss.

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

W    Debt securities of US insurance operations: Valuation basis, accounting presentation of gains and losses and securities in an unrealized loss position (Continued)

        Included within the movement in unrealized valuation losses for the debt securities of Jackson of £512 million was an amount of £59 million relating to the sub-prime and Alt-A securities for which the carrying values at June 30, 2010 are shown in the note below.

(iv)  Securities in unrealized loss position

        The following tables show some key attributes of those securities that are in an unrealized loss position at June 30, 2010.

(a)   Fair value of securities as a percentage of book value

        The unrealized losses on unimpaired securities in Jackson's statement of financial position are £521 million (December 31, 2009: £966 million) relating to assets with fair market value and book value of £3,275 million (December 31, 2009: £7,254 million) and £3,796 million (December 31, 2009: £8,220 million) respectively. The following table shows the fair value of the securities in a gross unrealized loss position for various percentages of book value:

 
  June 30,
2010
  December 31,
2009
 
 
  Fair
value
  Unrealized
loss
  Fair
value
  Unrealized
loss
 
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Between 90% and 100%

    2,133     (70 )   5,127     (169 )

Between 80% and 90%

    661     (111 )   1,201     (203 )

Below 80%

    481     (340 )   926     (594 )
                   

    3,275     (521 )   7,254     (966 )
                   

        Included within the table above are amounts relating to sub-prime and Alt-A securities of:

 
  June 30,
2010
  December 31,
2009
 
 
  Fair
value
  Unrealized
loss
  Fair
value
  Unrealized
loss
 
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Between 90% and 100%

    118     (6 )   102     (3 )

Between 80% and 90%

    95     (16 )   160     (28 )

Below 80%

    103     (48 )   159     (88 )
                   

    316     (70 )   421     (119 )
                   

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

W    Debt securities of US insurance operations: Valuation basis, accounting presentation of gains and losses and securities in an unrealized loss position (Continued)

(b)   Unrealized losses by maturity of security

 
  June 30,
2010
  December 31,
2009
 
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Less than 1 year

         

1 year to 5 years

    (13 )   (29 )

5 years to 10 years

    (31 )   (127 )

More than 10 years

    (43 )   (92 )

Mortgage-backed and other debt securities

    (434 )   (718 )
           

Total

    (521 )   (966 )
           

(c)   Age analysis of unrealized losses for the periods indicated

        The following table shows the age analysis of all the unrealized losses in the portfolio by reference to the length of time the securities have been in an unrealized loss position:

 
  June 30, 2010   December 31, 2009  
 
  Non
investment
grade
  Investment
grade
  Total   Non
investment
grade
  Investment
grade
  Total  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Less than 6 months

    (15 )   (6 )   (21 )   (7 )   (51 )   (58 )

6 months to 1 year

    (3 )   (4 )   (7 )   (25 )   (59 )   (84 )

1 year to 2 years

    (78 )   (24 )   (102 )   (59 )   (234 )   (293 )

2 years to 3 years

    (121 )   (68 )   (189 )   (125 )   (199 )   (324 )

More than 3 years

    (105 )   (97 )   (202 )   (35 )   (172 )   (207 )
                           

    (322 )   (199 )   (521 )   (251 )   (715 )   (966 )
                           

        At June 30, 2010, the gross unrealized losses in the statement of financial position for the sub-prime and Alt-A securities in an unrealized loss position were £70 million (December 31, 2009: £119 million), as shown above in note (a). Of these losses £5 million (December 31, 2009: £21 million) relate to securities that have been in an unrealized loss position for less than one year and £65 million (December 31, 2009: £98 million) to securities that have been in an unrealized loss position for more than one year.

(d)   Securities whose fair value were below 80 per cent of the book value

        As shown in the note (a) above, £340 million of the £521 million of gross unrealized losses at June 30, 2010 (December 31, 2009: £594 million of the £966 million of gross unrealized losses) related to securities whose fair value were below 80 per cent of the book value. The analysis of the £340 million (December 31, 2009: £594 million), by category of debt securities and by age analysis

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

W    Debt securities of US insurance operations: Valuation basis, accounting presentation of gains and losses and securities in an unrealized loss position (Continued)


indicating the length of time for which their fair value was below 80 per cent of the book value, is as follows:

 
  June 30,
2010
  December 31,
2009
 
 
  Fair
value
  Unrealized
loss
  Fair
value
  Unrealized
loss
 
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Residential mortgage-backed securities

                         
 

Prime

    144     (66 )   322     (153 )
 

Alt-A

    39     (15 )   77     (33 )
 

Sub-prime

    64     (33 )   82     (55 )
                   

    247     (114 )   481     (241 )

Commercial mortgage-backed securities

    26     (57 )   87     (86 )

Other asset-backed securities

    135     (142 )   183     (188 )
                   

Total structured securities

    408     (313 )   751     (515 )

Corporates

    73     (27 )   175     (79 )
                   

Total

    481     (340 )   926     (594 )
                   

 

 
  June 30,
2010
  December 31,
2009
 
 
  Fair
value
  Unrealized
loss
  Fair
value
  Unrealized
loss
 
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Age analysis of fair value being below 80 per cent for the periods indicated

                         

Less than 3 months

    36     (11 )   153     (45 )

3 months to 6 months

    6     (3 )   5     (3 )

More than 6 months

    439     (326 )   768     (546 )
                   

    481     (340 )   926     (594 )
                   

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

X     Net core structural borrowings of shareholder-financed operations

 
  June 30,
2010
  December 31,
2009
 
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Core structural borrowings of shareholder-financed operations:

             
 

Perpetual subordinated capital securities (Innovative Tier 1 (note i))

    1,533     1,422  
 

Subordinated notes (Lower Tier 2 (note i))

    1,234     1,269  
           
 

Subordinated debt total

    2,767     2,691  
 

Senior debt (note iii):

             
   

2023

    300     300  
   

2029

    249     249  
           
 

Holding company total

    3,316     3,240  
 

Jackson surplus notes (Lower Tier 2 (note i))

    166     154  
           

Total (per summary consolidated statement of financial position (note iv))

    3,482     3,394  

Less: Holding company cash and short-term investments (recorded within the summary consolidated statement of financial position (note ii))

    (1,023 )   (1,486 )
           

Net core structural borrowings of shareholder-financed operations

    2,459     1,908  
           

Notes

(i)
These debt classifications are consistent with the treatment of capital for regulatory purposes, as defined in the FSA handbook.

(ii)
Including central finance subsidiaries.

(iii)
The senior debt ranks above subordinated debt in the event of liquidation.

(iv)
In addition to the listed debt above, £200 million Floating Rate Notes were issued by Prudential plc in April 2010 which mature in October 2010. These notes have been wholly subscribed by a Group subsidiary and accordingly have been eliminated on consolidation in the Group financial statements. These notes were originally issued in October 2008 and have been reissued upon their maturity. (The notes in place at June 30, 2010 were issued in April 2010 and mature in October 2010.)

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

Y     Other borrowings

 
  June 30,
2010
  December 31,
2009
 
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Operational borrowings attributable to shareholder-financed operations

             

Borrowings in respect of short-term fixed income securities programs

    2,564     2,038  

Non-recourse borrowings of US operations

    171     203  

Other borrowings

    499     510  
           

Total

    3,234     2,751  
           

Borrowings attributable to with-profits operations

             

Non-recourse borrowings of consolidated investment funds

    1,047     1,016  

£100m 8.5% undated subordinated guaranteed bonds of the Scottish Amicable Insurance Fund

    100     100  

Other borrowings (predominantly obligations under finance leases)

    166     168  
           

Total

    1,313     1,284  
           

Note

(i)
Other borrowings include amounts where repayment to the lender is contingent on future surpluses emerging from certain contracts specified under the arrangement. If sufficient surplus emerges on the contracts, there is no recourse to other assets of the Group and the liability is not payable to the degree of shortfall.

Z      Defined benefit pension schemes

        The Group liability in respect of defined benefit pension schemes is as follows:

 
  June 30,
2010
  December 31,
2009
 
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

Economic position:

             
 

Deficit, gross of deferred tax, based on scheme assets held, including investments in Prudential insurance policies:

             
   

Attributable to the PAC with-profits fund (i.e. absorbed by the liability for unallocated surplus). 

    (120 )   (122 )
   

Attributable to shareholder-backed operations (i.e. shareholders' equity)

    (140 )   (128 )
           

Economic deficit

    (260 )   (250 )

Exclude: investments in Prudential insurance liabilities (offset on consolidation in the Group financial statements against insurance liabilities)

    (198 )   (187 )
           

Deficit under IAS 19 included in Provisions in the statement of financial position

    (458 )   (437 )
           

        The Group business operations operate a number of pension schemes. The largest defined benefit scheme is the principal UK scheme, namely the Prudential Staff Pension Scheme (PSPS). In the UK, the Group also operates two smaller defined benefit schemes for UK employees in respect of Scottish

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

Z      Defined benefit pension schemes (Continued)


Amicable and M&G. For all three schemes the projected unit method was used for the most recent full actuarial valuations.

        The underlying position on an economic basis reflects the assets (including investments in Prudential policies that are offset against liabilities to policyholders on the Group consolidation) and the liabilities of the schemes. At June 30, 2010, the investments in Prudential policies comprise £94 million (December 31, 2009: £101 million) for PSPS and £198 million (December 31, 2009: £187 million) for the M&G scheme.

        Separately, the economic financial position also includes the effect of the application of IFRIC 14, "IAS 19—The Limit on a Defined Benefit Asset, Minimum Funding Requirements and their Interaction". For PSPS, where there are constraints in the trust deed to prevent the company access, the surplus is not recognized and a liability to additional funding is established.

        At June 30, 2010, the Group has not recognized the underlying PSPS surplus of £309 million gross of deferred tax (December 31, 2009: £513 million) and has recognized a liability for deficit funding to June 30, 2012 for PSPS of £62 million gross of deferred tax (December 31, 2009: £75 million).

        Defined benefit schemes in the UK are generally required to be subject to full actuarial valuation every three years in order to assess the appropriate level of funding for schemes in relation to their commitments. These valuations include assessments of the likely rate of return on the assets held within the separate trustee administered funds. PSPS was last actuarially valued as at April 5, 2008. This valuation demonstrated the scheme to be 106 per cent funded. Although no formal deficit plan was required, an additional funding akin to deficit funding of £25 million per annum was agreed by the Trustees subject to a reassessment when the next valuation is completed. Deficit funding for PSPS is apportioned in the ratio of 70/30 between the PAC life fund and shareholder-backed operations following detailed consideration in 2005 of the sourcing of previous contributions.

        The valuation of the Scottish Amicable Pension Scheme as at March 31, 2008 demonstrated the scheme to be 91 per cent funded. Based on this valuation, deficit funding amounts designed to eliminate the actuarial deficit over a seven year period were made from July 2009 of £7.3 million per annum. The IAS 19 deficit of the Scottish Amicable Pension Scheme at June 30, 2010 of £154 million (December 31, 2009: £139 million) has been allocated 50 per cent to the PAC with-profits fund and 50 per cent to the shareholders' fund.

        The valuation of the M&G pension scheme as at December 31, 2008 was finalized in January 2010 and demonstrated the scheme to be 76 per cent funded. Based on this valuation, deficit funding amounts designed to eliminate the actuarial deficit over a five year period are being made from January 2010 of £14.1 million per annum for the first two years and £9.3 million per annum for the subsequent three years. The IAS 19 deficit of the M&G pension scheme on an economic basis at June 30, 2010 was £44 million (December 31, 2009: £36 million) and is wholly attributable to shareholders.

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

Z      Defined benefit pension schemes (Continued)

(i)    Assumptions

        The actuarial assumptions used in determining benefit obligations and the net periodic benefit costs for the period ended June 30, were as follows:

 
  June 30,
2010
  June 30,
2009
  December 31,
2009
 
 
  %
  %
  %
 

Discount rate*

    5.4     6.4     5.8  

Rate of increase in salaries

    5.4     5.6     5.7  

Rate of inflation**

    3.4     3.6     3.7  

Rate of increase of pensions in payment for inflation:

                   
 

Guaranteed (maximum 5%)

    3.4     3.6     3.7  
 

Guaranteed (maximum 2.5%)

    2.5     2.5     2.5  
 

Discretionary

    2.5     2.5     2.5  

Expected return on plan assets

    5.9     4.5     4.5  
               

*
The discount rate has been determined by reference to an "AA" corporate bond index adjusted to allow for the difference in duration between the index and the pension liabilities.

**
The inflation assumption reflects the long-term assumption for the UK Retail Price Index (RPI).

        The calculations are based on current actuarially calculated mortality estimates with a specific allowance made for future improvements in mortality, which is broadly based on adjusted versions of the medium cohort projections prepared by the Continuous Mortality Investigation Bureau of the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries.

    The tables used for PSPS immediate annuities in payment at June 30, 2010 were:

    Male: 108.6 per cent PNMA 00 with medium cohort improvements subject to a floor of 1.75 per cent up to the age of 90, decreasing linearly to zero by age of 120; and

    Female: 103.4 per cent PNFA 00 with 75 per cent medium cohort improvements subject to a floor of one per cent up to the age of 90 and decreasing linearly to zero by age of 120.

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

Z      Defined benefit pension schemes (Continued)

(ii)   Estimated pension scheme deficit—economic basis

        Movements on the pension scheme deficit (determined on the "economic basis") are as follows, with the effect of the application of IFRIC 14 being shown separately:

 
  Six months ended
June 30, 2010
 
 
   
  (Charge) credit to income statement    
   
 
 
  Surplus
(deficit) in
scheme at
January 1,
2010
  Operating
results
(based on
longer-term
investment
returns)
(note (a))
  Actuarial
and other
gains and
losses
(note (b))
  Contributions
paid
  Surplus
(deficit) in
scheme at
June 30,
2010
(note (c))
 
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

All schemes underlying position (without the effect of IFRIC 14)

                               

Surplus (deficit)

    338     (3 )   (265 )   44     114  

Less: amount attributable to PAC with-profits fund

    (285 )   (6 )   174     (18 )   (135 )
                       

Shareholders' share:

                               

Gross of tax surplus (deficit)

    53     (9 )   (91 )   26     (21 )

Related tax

    (15 )   2     26     (7 )   6  
                       

Net of shareholders' tax

    38     (7 )   (65 )   19     (15 )
                       

Effect of IFRIC 14

                               

Surplus (deficit)

    (588 )   (20 )   234         (374 )

Less: amount attributable to PAC with-profits fund

    407     15     (167 )       255  
                       

Shareholders' share:

                               

Gross of tax surplus (deficit)

    (181 )   (5 )   67         (119 )

Related tax

    51     2     (20 )       33  
                       

Net of shareholders' tax

    (130 )   (3 )   47         (86 )
                       

With the effect of IFRIC 14

                               

Surplus (deficit)

    (250 )   (23 )   (31 )   44     (260 )

Less: amount attributable to PAC with-profits fund

    122     9     7     (18 )   120  
                       

Shareholders' share:

                               

Gross of tax surplus (deficit)

    (128 )   (14 )   (24 )   26     (140 )

Related tax

    36     4     6     (7 )   39  
                       

Net of shareholders' tax

    (92 )   (10 )   (18 )   19     (101 )
                       

Notes

(a)
The components of the charge to operating results (gross of allocation of the share attributable to the PAC with-profits fund) are as follows:

   
  Six months ended
June 30,
 
   
  2010   2009  
   
  (In £ Millions)
 
 

Service cost

    (18 )   (16 )
 

Finance (expense) income:

             
   

Interest on pension scheme liabilities

    (147 )   (140 )
   

Expected return on assets

    162     119  
             
 

Total charge without the effect IFRIC 14

    (3 )   (37 )
 

Effect of IFRIC 14 for pension schemes

    (20 )   14  
             
 

Total charge after the effect of IFRIC 14

    (23 )   (23 )
             

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

Z      Defined benefit pension schemes (Continued)

    The net charge to operating profit (gross of the share attributable to the PAC with-profits fund) of £23 million (first half of 2009: £23 million) is made up of a charge of £14 million (first half of 2009: £13 million) relating to PSPS and a charge of £9 million (first half of 2009: £10 million) for other schemes. This net charge represents:

   
  Six months ended
June 30,
 
   
  2010   2009  
   
  (In £ Millions)
 
 

Underlying IAS 19 charge for other pension schemes

    (9 )   (10 )
 

Cash costs for PSPS

    (12 )   (11 )
 

Unwind of discount on opening provision for deficit funding for PSPS

    (2 )   (2 )
             
 

    (23 )   (23 )
             

    Consistent with the derecognition of the Company's interest in the underlying IAS 19 surplus of PSPS, the charge to operating profit on longer-term investment returns for PSPS reflects the cash cost of contributions for ongoing service of active members. In addition, the charge to the operating results also includes a charge for the unwind of discount on the opening provision for deficit funding for PSPS.

(b)
The components of the credit (charge) for actuarial and other gains and losses (gross of allocation of the share attributable to the PAC with-profits fund but excluding the charge relating to the sold Taiwan agency business) are as follows:

   
  Six months ended
June 30,
 
   
  2010   2009  
   
  (In £ Millions)
 
 

Actual less expected return on assets

    39     (405 )
 

(Losses) gains on changes of assumptions for plan liabilities

    (302 )   50  
 

Experience (losses) gains on liabilities

    (2 )   2  
             
 

Total charge without the effect of IFRIC 14

    (265 )   (353 )
 

Effect of IFRIC 14 for pension schemes

    234     219  
             
 

Actuarial and other gains and losses after the effect of IFRIC 14

    (31 )   (134 )
             

    The net charge for actuarial and other gains and losses is recorded within the income statement but, within the segmental analysis of profit, the shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses (i.e. net of allocation of the share to the PAC with-profits funds) is excluded from operating profit based on longer-term investment returns.

    The first half of 2010 actuarial losses of £265 million primarily reflects the effect of decreases in risk discount rates partially offset by the effect of decrease in inflation rate and the excess of market returns over long-term assumptions and experience gains on liabilities.

    Consistent with the derecognition of the Company's interest in the underlying IAS 19 surplus of PSPS, the actuarial gains and losses do not include those of PSPS. In addition, as a result of applying IFRIC 14, the Group has recognized a provision for deficit funding in respect of PSPS. The change in the first half of 2010 in relation to this provision recognized above as other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes was £nil (2009: £29 million).

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

Z      Defined benefit pension schemes (Continued)

(c)
On the "economic basis", after including the underlying assets represented by the investments in Prudential insurance policies as scheme assets, the underlying statements of financial position of the schemes were:

   
  June 30,
2010
  December 31,
2009
 
   
  (In £ Millions)
 
 

Equities

    839     1,096  
 

Bonds

    3,935     3,686  
 

Properties

    279     287  
 

Cash-like investments

    587     443  
             
 

Total value of assets

    5,640     5,512  
 

Present value of benefit obligations

    (5,526 )   (5,174 )
             
 

    114     338  
 

Effect of the application of IFRIC 14 for pension schemes:

             
   

Derecognition of PSPS surplus

    (309 )   (513 )
   

Adjust for obligation for deficit funding*

    (65 )   (75 )
             
 

Pre-tax deficit

    (260 )   (250 )
             

    *
    The £65 million adjustment at June 30, 2010 comprises £62 million for PSPS and £3 million for M&G pension scheme (December 31, 2009: all relating to PSPS).

(iii)  Sensitivity of the pension scheme liabilities of the PSPS, Scottish Amicable and M&G pension schemes to key variables

        The table below shows the sensitivity of the underlying PSPS, Scottish Amicable and M&G pension scheme liabilities at June 30, 2010 of £4,745 million, £542 million and £239 million, respectively (December 31, 2009: £4,436 million, £515 million and £223 million, respectively) to changes in discount rates and inflation rates. In addition, the table below shows the sensitivity of the underlying PSPS,

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Table of Contents


Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

Z      Defined benefit pension schemes (Continued)


Scottish Amicable and M&G pension scheme liabilities at June 30, 2010 to changes to mortality rate assumptions.

June 30, 2010
Assumption
  Change in assumption   Impact on scheme liabilities
on IAS 19 basis
Discount rate   Decrease by 0.2% from 5.4% to 5.2%   Increase in scheme liabilities by:
            PSPS   3.5%
            Scottish Amicable   5.1%
            M&G   5.2%
Discount rate   Increase by 0.2% from 5.4% to 5.6%   Decrease in scheme liabilities by:
            PSPS   3.4%
            Scottish Amicable   4.8%
            M&G   4.9%
Rate of inflation   Decrease by 0.2% from 3.4% to 3.2%   Decrease in scheme liabilities by:
    with consequent reduction in salary       PSPS   1.0%
    increases       Scottish Amicable   5.0%
            M&G   4.7%
Mortality rate   Increase life expectancy by 1 year   Increase in scheme liabilities by:
            PSPS   2.2%
            Scottish Amicable   2.2%
            M&G   2.5%

 

December 31, 2009
Assumption
  Change in assumption   Impact on scheme liabilities
on IAS 19 basis
Discount rate   Decrease by 0.2% from 5.8% to 5.6%   Increase in scheme liabilities by:    
            PSPS   3.5%
            Scottish Amicable   5.2%
            M&G   4.9%
Discount rate   Increase by 0.2% from 5.8% to 6.0%   Decrease in scheme liabilities by:
            PSPS   3.2%
            Scottish Amicable   4.8%
            M&G   4.9%
Rate of inflation   Decrease by 0.2% from 3.7% to 3.5%   Decrease in scheme liabilities by:
    with consequent reduction in salary       PSPS   0.9%
    increases       Scottish Amicable   4.9%
            M&G   4.5%

        The sensitivity of the underlying pension scheme liabilities to changes in discount, inflation and mortality rates as shown above does not directly equate to an impact on the profit or loss attributable to shareholders or shareholders' equity due to the effect of the application of IFRIC 14 on PSPS and the allocation of a share of the interest in financial position of the PSPS and Scottish Amicable schemes to the PAC with-profits fund as described above.

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

Z      Defined benefit pension schemes (Continued)

        The sensitivity to the changes in the key variables as shown in the table above has no significant impact on the pension costs included in the Group's operating results. This is due to the pension costs charged in each of the periods presented being derived largely from market conditions at the beginning of the period. After applying IFRIC 14 and to the extent attributable to shareholders, any residual impact from the changes to these variables is reflected as actuarial gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes within the supplementary analysis of profits. The relevance of this to each of the three UK schemes is described further below.

        For PSPS, the underlying surplus of the scheme of £309 million (December 31, 2009: £513 million) has not been recognized under IFRIC 14. Any change in the underlying scheme liabilities to the extent that it is not sufficient to alter PSPS into a liability in excess of the deficit funding provision will not have an impact on the Group's results and financial position. Based on the underlying financial position of PSPS as at June 30, 2010, none of the changes to the underlying scheme liabilities for the changes in the variables shown in the table above have had an impact on the Group's first half of 2010 results and financial position.

        In the event that a change in the PSPS scheme liabilities results in a deficit position for the scheme which is recognizable, the deficit recognized affects the Group's results and financial position only to the extent of the amounts attributable to shareholder operations. The amounts attributable to the PAC with-profits fund are absorbed by the liability for unallocated surplus and have no direct effect on the profit or loss attributable to shareholders or shareholders' equity.

        The deficit of the Scottish Amicable pension scheme has been allocated 50 per cent to the PAC with-profits fund and 50 per cent to the shareholders. Accordingly, half of the changes to the scheme liabilities for the changes in the variables shown in the table above would have had an impact on the Group's results and financial position. The M&G pension scheme is wholly attributable to shareholders.

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

AA    Analysis of movement in policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds

Group insurance operations

        A reconciliation of the total policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds of the Group is as follows:

 
  Insurance operations    
 
 
  UK   US   Asia   Total  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

At January 1, 2010

    126,195     48,311     21,911     196,417  

Premiums

    3,359     5,656     2,068     11,083  

Surrenders

    (2,060 )   (1,767 )   (858 )   (4,685 )

Maturities/Deaths

    (3,546 )   (418 )   (206 )   (4,170 )
                   
 

Net cash flows

    (2,247 )   3,471     1,004     2,228  

Shareholders transfers post tax

    (111 )       (12 )   (123 )

Investment-related items and other movements

    4,870     (424 )   (250 )   4,196  

Foreign exchange translation differences

    (513 )   3,895     1,911     5,293  

Acquisition of UOB Life Assurance Limited

            968     968  
                   

At June 30, 2010

    128,194     55,253     25,532     208,979  
                   

 

 
  Insurance operations    
 
 
  UK   US   Asia   Total  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

At January 1, 2009

    115,961     45,361     21,069     182,391  

Premiums

    3,511     3,850     1,712     9,073  

Surrenders

    (2,008 )   (2,244 )   (498 )   (4,750 )

Maturities/Deaths

    (3,636 )   (404 )   (166 )   (4,206 )
                   
 

Net cash flows

    (2,133 )   1,202     1,048     117  

Shareholders transfers post tax

    (105 )       (9 )   (114 )

Change in reserving basis in Malaysia

            (63 )   (63 )

Investment-related items and other movements

    (1,316 )   884     2,377     1,945  

Foreign exchange translation differences

    (23 )   (5,955 )   (2,682 )   (8,660 )

Disposal of Taiwan agency business

            (3,508 )   (3,508 )
                   

At June 30, 2009

    112,384     41,492     18,232     172,108  
                   

        The items in the tables above represent the amount attributable to changes in policyholders' liabilities and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds as a result of each of the components listed.

        Premiums, surrenders and maturities / deaths represent the amounts impacting policyholder liabilities and may not represent the total cash paid / received (for example premiums are net of any deductions to cover acquisition costs and claims represents the policyholder liabilities released).

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

AA    Analysis of movement in policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds (Continued)

(i)    UK insurance operations

        A reconciliation of the total policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds of UK insurance operations is as follows:

 
   
  Other funds and subsidiaries    
 
 
  SAIF and PAC
with-profits
sub-fund
  Unit-linked
liabilities
  Annuity and
other long-term
business
  Total  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

At January 1, 2010

    87,495     19,035     19,665     126,195  

Premiums

    1,624     933     802     3,359  

Surrenders

    (1,428 )   (619 )   (13 )   (2,060 )

Maturities/Deaths

    (2,491 )   (354 )   (701 )   (3,546 )
                   
 

Net cash flows

    (2,295 )   (40 )   88     (2,247 )

Shareholders transfers post tax

    (111 )           (111 )

Switches

    (133 )   133          

Assumption changes (shareholder-backed business)

            (64 )   (64 )

Investment-related items and other movements (note (a))

    3,171     358     1,405     4,934  

Foreign exchange translation differences

    (483 )   (30 )       (513 )
                   

At June 30, 2010

    87,644     19,456     21,094     128,194  
                   

 

 
   
  Other funds and subsidiaries    
 
 
  SAIF and PAC
with-profits
sub-fund
  Unit-linked
liabilities
  Annuity and
other long-term
business
  Total  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

At January 1, 2009

    82,108     16,318     17,535     115,961  

Premiums

    1,688     893     930     3,511  

Surrenders

    (1,181 )   (798 )   (29 )   (2,008 )

Maturities/Deaths

    (2,688 )   (345 )   (603 )   (3,636 )
                   
 

Net cash flows

    (2,181 )   (250 )   298     (2,133 )

Shareholders transfers post tax

    (105 )           (105 )

Switches

    (135 )   135          

Investment-related items and other movements

    (1,347 )   76     (45 )   (1,316 )

Foreign exchange translation differences

    (22 )   (1 )       (23 )
                   

At June 30, 2009

    78,318     16,278     17,788     112,384  
                   

Note

(a)
Investment-related items and other movements in the SAIF and PAC with-profits sub-fund are mainly as a result of unrealized gains on bond and property holdings counteracted by unrealized losses on equity securities.

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

AA    Analysis of movement in policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds (Continued)

(ii)   US insurance operations

 
  Variable annuity
separate account
liabilities
  Fixed annuity,
GIC and other
business
  Total  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

At January 1, 2010

    20,639     27,672     48,311  

Premiums

    3,524     2,132     5,656  

Surrenders

    (656 )   (1,111 )   (1,767 )

Maturities/Deaths

    (116 )   (302 )   (418 )
               
 

Net cash flows (note (b))

    2,752     719     3,471  

Transfers from general to separate account

    496     (496 )    

Investment-related items and other movements (note (c))

    (1,273 )   849     (424 )

Foreign exchange translation differences (note (a))

    1,677     2,218     3,895  
               

At June 30, 2010

    24,291     30,962     55,253  
               

 

 
  Variable annuity
separate account
liabilities
  Fixed annuity,
GIC and other
business
  Total  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

At January 1, 2009

    14,538     30,823     45,361  

Premiums

    1,698     2,152     3,850  

Surrenders

    (475 )   (1,769 )   (2,244 )

Maturities/Deaths

    (108 )   (296 )   (404 )
               
 

Net cash flows (note (b))

    1,115     87     1,202  

Transfers from general to separate account

    234     (234 )    

Investment-related items and other movements

    659     225     884  

Foreign exchange translation differences (note (a))

    (2,034 )   (3,921 )   (5,955 )
               

At June 30, 2009

    14,512     26,980     41,492  
               

Notes

(a)
Movements in the period have been translated at an average rate of 1.5253 (first half of 2009:1.4928). The closing balance has been translated at closing rate of 1.4961 (June 30, 2009:1.6469; December 31, 2009: 1.6149). Differences upon retranslation are included in foreign exchange translation differences.

(b)
Net cash flows (premiums less surrenders and maturities/deaths) were £3,471 million for the six months ended June 30, 2010 compared with £1,202 million for the six months ended June 30, 2009. These continuing strong positive in-flows reflected the increased new business volumes particularly of variable annuity business, in the period.


(c)
The negative investment-related and other movements in variable annuity separate account liabilities for the half year 2010 are mainly impacted by market movements in the period. The positive movement in investment and other movements of fixed annuity, GIC and other business primarily represents interest credited to policyholder accounts.

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

AA    Analysis of movement in policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds (Continued)

(iii)  Asian insurance operations

 
  With-profits business   Unit-linked liabilities   Other   Total  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

At January 1, 2010

    8,861     9,717     3,333     21,911  

Premiums

                         
   

New business (note (b))

    57     492     206     755  
   

In force

    423     595     295     1,313  
                   

    480     1,087     501     2,068  

Surrenders

    (237 )   (472 )   (149 )   (858 )

Maturities/Deaths

    (148 )   (15 )   (43 )   (206 )
                   
 

Net cash flows (note (b))

    95     600     309     1,004  

Shareholders transfers post tax

    (12 )           (12 )

Investment-related items and other movements (note d)

    (47 )   (320 )   117     (250 )

Foreign exchange translation differences (note a)

    761     855     295     1,911  

Acquisition of UOB Life Assurance Limited (note f)

    504     3     461     968  
                   

At June 30, 2010

    10,162     10,855     4,515     25,532  
                   

 

 
  With-profits
business
  Unit-linked
liabilities
  Other   Total  
 
  (In £ Millions)
 

At January 1, 2009

    8,094     7,220     5,755     21,069  

Premiums

                         
   

New business (note (b))

    58     255     221     534  
   

In force

    358     576     244     1,178  
                   

    416     831     465     1,712  

Surrenders

    (207 )   (197 )   (94 )   (498 )

Maturities/Deaths

    (133 )   (9 )   (24 )   (166 )
                   
 

Net cash flows

    76     625     347     1,048  

Shareholders transfers post tax

    (9 )           (9 )

Change in reserving basis in Malaysia (note (c))

        (9 )   (54 )   (63 )

Investment-related items and other movements

    981     1,374     22     2,377  

Foreign exchange translation differences (note (a))

    (1,108 )   (977 )   (597 )   (2,682 )

Disposal of Taiwan agency business (note (e))

        (724 )   (2,784 )   (3,508 )
                   

At June 30, 2009

    8,034     7,509     2,689     18,232  
                   

Notes

(a)
Movements in the period have been translated at the average exchange rate for the six months ended June 30, 2010. The closing balance has been translated at the closing spot rate as at June 30, 2010. Differences upon retranslation are included in foreign exchange translation differences.

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

AA    Analysis of movement in policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds (Continued)

(b)
New business premiums in the six months ended June 30, 2010 reflect the increase in new business sales.

(c)
The change in reserving basis in Malaysia of £63 million in 2009 reflects the change made following the adoption of a risk based capital (RBC) approach to the local regulatory reporting in that country.

(d)
The decrease in investment related and other items and other movements for with-profits and unit-linked business for the six months ended June 30, 2010 are mainly driven from Asian equity market losses in the period.

(e)
The disposal of Taiwan agency business in 2009 reflects the liabilities transferred at the date of disposal.

(f)
The acquisition of UOB Life Assurance Limited reflects the liabilities acquired at the date of acquisition.

AB    Share capital, share premium and own shares

 
  June 30, 2010  
 
  Number of
ordinary shares
  Share
capital
  Share
premium
 
 
   
  (In £ Millions)
 

Issued shares of 5p each fully paid:

                   
 

At January 1, 2010

    2,532,227,471     127     1,843  
 

Shares issued under share option schemes

    2,438,918         13  
 

Shares issued in lieu of cash dividends

    4,538,026         26  
 

Transfer to retained earnings in respect of shares issued in lieu of cash dividends

            (26 )
               

At June 30, 2010

    2,539,204,415     127     1,856  
               

 

 
  December 31, 2009  
 
  Number of
ordinary shares
  Share
capital
  Share
premium
 
 
   
  (In £ Millions)
 

Issued shares of 5p each fully paid:

                   
 

At January 1, 2009

    2,496,947,688     125     1,840  
 

Shares issued under share option schemes

    605,721         3  
 

Shares issued in lieu of cash dividends

    34,674,062     2     136  
 

Transfer to retained earnings in respect of shares issued in lieu of cash dividends

            (136 )
               

At December 31, 2009

    2,532,227,471     127     1,843  
               

        Amounts recorded in share capital represent the nominal value of the shares issued. The difference between the proceeds received on issue of shares, net of issue costs, and the nominal value of shares issued is credited to the share premium account.

        At June 30, 2010, there were options outstanding under Save As You Earn schemes to subscribe for 11,327,786 (December 31, 2009: 12,230,833) shares at prices ranging from 266 pence to 572 pence (December 31, 2009: 266 pence to 572 pence) and exercisable by the year 2016 (2009: 2016). In addition, there are 17,292 (December 31, 2009: 17,292) conditional options outstanding under the

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

AB    Share capital, share premium and own shares (Continued)

Restricted Share Plan (RSP) and 7,287,645 shares (December 31, 2009:6,644,203) under the Group Performance Share Plan (GPSP) exercisable at £nil cost.

        The cost of own shares of £61 million as at June 30, 2010 (December 31, 2009: £75 million) is deducted from retained earnings. The Company has established trusts to facilitate the delivery of shares under employee incentive plans and savings-related share option schemes. At June 30, 2010, 4.5 million (December 31, 2009: 5.3 million) Prudential plc shares with a market value of £23 million (December 31, 2009: £34 million) were held in such trusts. Of this total, 4.1 million (December 31, 2009: 4.8 million) shares were held in trusts under employee incentive plans. In half year 2010, the Company purchased 4.1 million (December 31, 2009: 3.4 million) shares in respect of employee incentive plans at a cost of £18.9 million (December 31, 2009: £17 million). The maximum number of shares held in the first half of 2010 was 5.3 million which was at the beginning of the period.

        Of the total shares held in trust, 0.3 million (December 31, 2009: 0.5 million) shares were held by a qualifying employee share ownership trust. These shares are expected to be fully distributed in the future on maturity of savings-related share option schemes.

        The Group has consolidated a number of authorized investment funds where it is deemed to control these funds under IFRS. Some of these funds hold shares in Prudential plc. The total number of shares held by these funds at June 30, 2010 was 9.7 million (December 31, 2009: 10.6 million) and the cost of acquiring these shares of £46 million (December 31, 2009: £51 million) is included in the cost of own shares. The market value of these shares as at June 30, 2010 was £49 million (December 31, 2009: £67 million).

        All share transactions were made on an exchange other than the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong.

AC    Contingencies and related obligations

        There have been no material changes to the Group's contingencies and related obligations in the six month period ended June 30, 2010. An update to one of the Group's contingencies and related obligations since December 31, 2009 is set out below.

        Jackson owns debt instruments issued by securitization trusts managed by PPM America. As disclosed in the 2009 Annual Report, as at December 31, 2009, the support provided by certain forbearance agreements Jackson entered into with the counterparty to certain of these trusts could potentially expose Jackson to maximum losses of US$750 million, if circumstances allowed the forbearance period to cease. At June 30, 2010, the support provided by these agreements could potentially expose Jackson to maximum losses of US$512 million. Jackson believes that, so long as the forbearance period continues, the risk of loss under the agreements is remote.

        The Group is also involved in other litigation and regulatory issues. Whilst the outcome of such matters cannot be predicted with certainty, Prudential believes that the ultimate outcome of such litigation and regulatory issues will not have a material adverse effect on the Group's financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

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Prudential plc and Subsidiaries

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements (Continued)

June 30, 2010

AD    Related party transactions

        The nature of the related party transactions of the Group has not changed from those described in the Group's consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2009.

        There were no transactions with related parties during the six months ended June 30, 2010 which have had a material effect on the results or financial position of the Group.

AE    Post balance sheet events

Change to the Group's holding in PruHealth and PruProtect

        On August 1, 2010, Discovery Holdings of South Africa, the Group's joint venture partner in its investment in PruHealth and PruProtect, completed the acquisition of the entire share capital of Standard Life Healthcare, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Standard Life Group, for £138 million. Discovery funded the purchase of the Standard Life Healthcare transaction, and contributed Standard Life Healthcare to PruHealth as a capital investment on completion. As a result of the transaction, Discovery have increased their shareholding in both PruHealth and PruProtect from the previous level of 50 per cent to 75 per cent, and Prudential's shareholding in each case has reduced from 50 per cent of the previous joint venture structure to 25 per cent of the new structure with the much enlarged business.

        The accounting impact of this transaction including any dilution gain or loss is being assessed and will be included with the Group's full year financial statements.

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SIGNATURES

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Date: September 28, 2010   PRUDENTIAL PUBLIC LIMITED COMPANY

 

 

By:

 

/s/ CLIVE BURNS

Clive Burns
Head of Group Secretariat


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