10-K 1 a12-1108_110k.htm 10-K

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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 


 

FORM 10-K

 


(Mark One)

 

x

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

 

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011

 

 

OR

 

 

o

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the transition period from                to

 

Commission File Number 1-16017

 


 

ORIENT-EXPRESS HOTELS LTD.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Bermuda

 

98-0223493

(State or other jurisdiction of

 

(I.R.S. Employer

incorporation or organization)

 

Identification No.)

 

22 Victoria Street,

Hamilton HM 12, Bermuda

(Address of principal executive offices)

 

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:  (441) 295-2244

 


 

SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OF THE ACT:

 

Title of each class

 

Name of each exchange
on which registered

Class A Common Shares, $0.01 par value each

 

New York Stock Exchange

Preferred Share Purchase Rights

 

New York Stock Exchange

 

SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(g) OF THE ACT: None.

 


 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.  Yes x  No o

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.  Yes o  No x

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes x  No o

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes x  No o

 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. (Not applicable. See third paragraph under Item 1—Business on page 4.)

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company.  See definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Act. (Check one):

 

Large Accelerated Filer x

 

Accelerated Filer o

 

 

 

Non-Accelerated Filer o

 

Smaller reporting company o

(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

 

 

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes o  No x

 

The aggregate market value of the class A common shares held by non-affiliates of the registrant computed by reference to the closing price on June 30, 2011 (the last business day of the registrant’s second fiscal quarter in 2011) was approximately $1,103,000,000.

 

As of February 17, 2012, 102,693,039 class A common shares and 18,044,478 class B common shares of the registrant were outstanding.  All of the class B shares are owned by a subsidiary of the registrant (see Note 16(d) to the Financial Statements (Item 8)).

 


 

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE: None

 

 

 



Table of Contents

 

Table of Contents

 

 

 

 

Page

 

 

 

 

PART I

Item 1

Business

4

 

Item 1A

Risk Factors

14

 

Item 1B

Unresolved Staff Comments

26

 

Item 2

Properties

26

 

Item 3

Legal Proceedings

26

 

Item 4

Mine Safety Disclosures

26

 

 

 

 

PART II

Item 5

Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

27

 

Item 6

Selected Financial Data

27

 

Item 7

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

29

 

Item 7A

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

52

 

Item 8

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

53

 

Item 9

Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

111

 

Item 9A

Controls and Procedures

111

 

Item 9B

Other Information

113

 

 

 

 

PART III

Item 10

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

114

 

Item 11

Executive Compensation

118

 

Item 12

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

120

 

Item 13

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

124

 

Item 14

Principal Accountant Fees and Services

125

 

 

 

 

PART IV

Item 15

Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

126

 

 

Signatures

127

 

 

Exhibit Index

128

 

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

Forward-looking statements concerning the operations, performance, financial condition, plans and prospects of Orient-Express Hotels Ltd. and its subsidiaries are based on the current expectations, assessments and assumptions of management, are not historical facts, and are subject to various risks and uncertainties.

 

Forward-looking statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate only to historical or current facts, and often use words such as “anticipate”, “target”, “expect”, “estimate”, “intend”, “plan”, “goal”, “believe” or other words of similar meaning.

 

Actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including those described in Item 1—Business, Item 1A—Risk Factors, Item 7—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, and Item 7A—Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

 

Investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements which are not guarantees of future performance.  Orient-Express Hotels Ltd. undertakes no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

 

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PART I

 

ITEM 1.        Business

 

Orient-Express Hotels Ltd. (the “Company” and, together with its subsidiaries, “OEH”) is incorporated in the Islands of Bermuda and is a “foreign private issuer” as defined in Rule 3b-4 promulgated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) under the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “1934 Act”) and in SEC Rule 405 under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933.  As a result, it is eligible to file its annual reports pursuant to Section 13 of the 1934 Act on Form 20-F (in lieu of Form 10-K) and to file its interim reports on Form 6-K (in lieu of Forms 10-Q and 8-K).  However, the Company elects to file its annual and interim reports on Forms 10-K, 10-Q and 8-K, including any instructions therein that relate specifically to foreign private issuers.  The class A common shares of the Company are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”).

 

These reports and amendments to them are available free of charge on the Internet website of the Company as soon as reasonably practicable after they are filed electronically with the SEC.  The Internet website address is http://www.orient-express.com.  Unless specifically noted, information on the OEH website is not incorporated by reference into this Form 10-K annual report.

 

Pursuant to SEC Rule 3a12-3 under the 1934 Act regarding foreign private issuers, the proxy solicitations of the Company are not subject to the disclosure and procedural requirements of SEC Regulation 14A under the 1934 Act, and transactions in the Company’s equity securities by its officers, directors and significant shareholders are exempt from the reporting and liability provisions of Section 16 of the 1934 Act.

 

Introduction

 

OEH is a leading luxury hotel company and sophisticated adventure travel operator with exposure to both mature and emerging national economies.  The Company’s predecessor began acquiring hotels in 1976 and organized the Company in 1995.  OEH currently owns or part-owns 49 properties (all of which it manages), consisting of 40 highly individual deluxe hotels, one stand-alone restaurant, six tourist trains and two river/canal cruise businesses.  These are located in 24 countries worldwide.  One hotel is currently closed and under contract for sale, and two others are being renovated for scheduled opening in 2012 or early 2013.  OEH acquires or manages only very distinctive properties in areas of outstanding cultural, historic or recreational interest in order to provide luxury lifestyle experiences for the discerning traveler.  OEH has also been active in the past in the development of for-sale residences adjoining some of its hotels, although this activity is currently a small part of its business.

 

The locations of OEH’s 49 properties are shown in the map on page 3, where they number 45 because the Hotel Cipriani and Palazzo Vendramin are contiguous in Venice, the Hotel Splendido and Splendido Mare are both in Portofino, and three separate safari lodges operate as a unit in Botswana.  These seven properties bring the total to 49.

 

Hotels and restaurants represent the largest segment of OEH’s business, contributing 86% of revenue in 2011, 78% of revenue in 2010 and 86% in 2009.  Tourist trains and cruises accounted for 13% of revenue in 2011, 11% of revenue in 2010 and 13% in 2009.  Property development activities accounted for the remaining revenue in each year. Approximately 82% of OEH’s customers are leisure travelers, with approximately 33% of customers in 2011 originating from North America, 49% from Europe and the remaining 18% from elsewhere in the world.

 

OEH’s worldwide portfolio of hotels currently consists of 3,510 individual guest rooms and multiple-room suites, each known as a “key”.  Hotels owned by OEH in 2011 achieved an average daily room rate (“ADR”) of $444 (2010 - $406) and a revenue per available room (“RevPAR”) of $263 (2010 - $226).

 

Revenue, earnings and identifiable assets of OEH in 2011, 2010 and 2009 for its business segments and geographic areas are presented in Note 21 to the Financial Statements (Item 8).

 

In recent years, OEH has sold to third parties a number of non-core properties not considered key to OEH’s portfolio of unique, high valued properties.  These have been Lapa Palace in Lisbon and Windsor Court Hotel in New Orleans during 2009, Lilianfels Blue Mountains Resort in Australia west of Sydney and La Cabana restaurant in Buenos Aires during 2010, Hôtel de la Cité in Carcassonne, France during 2011, and Keswick Hall near Charlottesville, Virginia in January 2012.  See Note 2 to the Financial Statements.

 

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Owned Hotels—Europe

 

Italy

 

The Hotel Cipriani and Palazzo Vendramin—95 keys—in Venice were built for the most part in the 1950s and are located on about five acres (part on long-term lease) on Giudecca Island across from the Piazza San Marco which is accessible by a free private boat service.  Most of the rooms have views overlooking the Venetian lagoon.  Features include fine cuisine in three indoor and outdoor restaurants, gardens and terraces encompassing an Olympic-sized swimming pool, a tennis court, a spa and a large banquet and meeting facility situated in an historic refurbished warehouse.

 

The Hotel Splendido and Splendido Mare—80 keys—overlook picturesque Portofino harbor on the Italian Riviera.  Set on four acres, the main hotel was built in 1901 and is surrounded by gardens and terraces which include a swimming pool and tennis court.  There are two restaurants each with open-air dining as well as banquet/meeting rooms, and a shuttle service linking the main hotel with the smaller Splendido Mare on the harbor below.  During the 2011-2012 winter closure, five suites are being built on the top floor of the main hotel.

 

The Villa San Michele—46 keys—is located in Fiesole, a short distance from Florence.  Originally built as a monastery in the 15th century with a façade attributed to Michelangelo, it has stunning views over historic Florence and the Arno River Valley.  OEH has remodelled and expanded the guest accommodation to luxury standards in recent years including the addition of a swimming pool.  A shuttle bus service is provided into Florence.  The property occupies ten acres.

 

The Hotel Caruso Belvedere—50 keys—in Ravello is located on three hill-top acres overlooking the Amalfi coast near Naples and ancient Roman and Greek archaeological sites such as Pompeii and Paestum.  Once a nobleman’s palace, parts of the building date back to the 11th century.  Operated as a hotel for many years, OEH rebuilt the property after acquiring it and reopened in 2005.  Amenities include two restaurants, an outdoor swimming pool, spa and extensive gardens.

 

In January 2010, OEH purchased two hotels in Taormina, Sicily. See Note 4 to the Financial Statements. OEH has nearly completed a refurbishment program to upgrade both properties over three consecutive winter closures beginning shortly after the hotels were acquired.

 

The larger Sicilian property is Grand Hotel Timeo—70 keys.  With panoramic views of Mount Etna and the Gulf of Naxos from its main terrace, this hotel is widely considered the most luxurious hotel in Taormina and is situated in the city center next to the second century Greek Theater.  Built in 1873 on a total site of about ten acres, the hotel features a restaurant serving regional specialties, a spa and fitness center, outdoor swimming pool, and banqueting and conference facilities, all surrounded by six acres of parkland.

 

Built in 1830 on Taormina’s Bay of Mazzarò with a private beach, Villa Sant’Andrea—60 keys—has the atmosphere of a private villa set in lush gardens, a total site of about two acres, with many of the guest rooms and the hotel’s seafood restaurant looking onto the Calabrian coast.  OEH has built an outdoor swimming pool and, subject to obtaining local planning permission, up to 12 keys may be added to the hotel in the future. Grand Hotel Timeo and Villa Sant’Andrea are linked by a guest shuttle service.

 

All of these Italian properties operate seasonally, closing for varying periods during the winter.

 

Spain

 

OEH owns La Residencia—67 keys—located in the charming village of Deià on the rugged northwest coast of the island of Mallorca, Spain with stunning views of the Tramuntana Mountains, a UNESCO World Heritage site.  The core of La Residencia was originally created from two adjoining 16th and 17th century country houses set on a hillside site of 30 acres. The hotel features three restaurants including the gastronomic El Olivio, as well as two large outdoor swimming pools, tennis courts and a spa with an indoor pool.  It closes about two months each winter.

 

Portugal

 

Reid’s Palace—163 keys—is a famous hotel on the island of Madeira, situated on ten acres of semitropical gardens on a cliff top above the sea and the bay of Funchal, the main port city.  Opened in 1891, the hotel has four restaurants and banquet/meeting facilities.  Leisure and sports amenities include fresh and sea water swimming pools, a third tide-filled pool, tennis courts, ocean water sports, a spa and access to two championship golf courses.  It has year-round appeal, serving both winter escapes to the sun and regular summer holidays.

 

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United Kingdom

 

Le Manoir aux Quat’Saisons—32 keys—is located in a picturesque village in Oxfordshire, England about an hour’s drive west of London.  The main part of the hotel is a 16th century manor house set in 27 acres of gardens. Each suite has an entirely individual design.  The property was developed by Raymond Blanc, one of Britain’s famous chef-patrons, and the hotel’s restaurant has two stars in the Michelin Guide.  Mr. Blanc has given a long-term commitment to remain the chef at the hotel and advises the restaurants at other OEH hotels.

 

Russia

 

OEH owns a 93.5% interest in Grand Hotel Europe—301 keys—in St. Petersburg, Russia.  Originally built in 1875, the hotel occupies one side of an entire city block on the fashionable Nevsky Prospect in the heart of the city near the Russian Museum, Shostakovich Philharmonia and other tourist and cultural attractions as well as the business center.  There are five restaurants on the premises, popular with locals and guests alike, as well as a grand ballroom, meeting facilities, a health club and spa and several retail shops.  Luxury historic suites reflect the rich history of the hotel and city, named after famous guests like Pavarotti, Stravinsky and the Romanov tsars. The minority interest is owned by the City of St. Petersburg.

 

Owned Hotels—North America

 

United States

 

Charleston Place—435 keys—is located in the heart of historic Charleston, South Carolina, a popular destination for tourists and business meetings.  Opened in 1986, the hotel has two restaurants, extensive banqueting and conference space including a grand ballroom, a fitness center with spa and indoor swimming pool, and a shopping arcade of 20 retail outlets leased to unaffiliated parties.  The hotel also owns the adjacent historic Riviera Theater remodeled as additional conference space and retail shops.

 

While OEH has only a 19.9% equity interest in Charleston Place, OEH manages the property under an exclusive long-term contract and has outstanding a number of loans to the hotel. On evaluating its various interests in the hotel, OEH has concluded that it is the primary beneficiary of this variable interest entity and, accordingly, consolidates the assets and liabilities of the hotel in OEH’s balance sheet and consolidates the hotel’s results in OEH’s statements of operations and cash flows.  See Note 3 to the Financial Statements.

 

The Inn at Perry Cabin—76 keys—was built in 1812 as a country inn located in St. Michaels, Maryland on the eastern shore of Chesapeake Bay.  Set on 25 waterfront acres that include an outdoor swimming pool as well as boating and fishing on the bay, it is an attractive conference and vacation destination, particularly for guests from the Washington, D.C. and Baltimore areas.  OEH expanded the hotel, including the addition of guest rooms, a conference facility, and spa, and during the 2011-2012 winter, is refurbishing 39 rooms in the historic part of the main building.  Vacant available land may be used in the future to expand the hotel or build private residences.  See “Property Development” below.

 

OEH owns El Encanto—77 keys—in Santa Barbara, California.  The hotel is located in the hills above the restored Santa Barbara Mission, with views out to the Pacific Ocean.  Built in 1913 on a seven-acre site, the guest rooms are in cottages and low rise buildings spread throughout mature gardens.  OEH closed this hotel in late 2006 for significant renovation, including the addition of 15 keys, a new Raymond Blanc-inspired restaurant, and a spa, pool and fitness center.  During 2011, OEH recommenced the renovation and expansion and currently expects to reopen El Encanto in late 2012 or early 2013.

 

Caribbean

 

La Samanna—83 keys—is located on the island of St. Martin in the French West Indies.  Built in 1973, the hotel consists of several buildings on 16 acres of land along a 4,000-foot beach.  Amenities include two restaurants, two swimming pools, a spa, tennis courts, fitness and conference centers, boating and ocean water sports, and extensive gardens.  The hotel is open most of the year, seasonally closing during the autumn months.  During the 2011 closure, 46 guest rooms were refurbished, and renovation of the public areas is planned in 2012.  As described under “Property Development” below, OEH has developed part of the land adjoining La Samanna on both the French and Dutch sides of St. Martin as for-sale residences.  Unsold villas next to La Samanna provide additional room stock for the hotel.

 

Mexico

 

OEH owns the Maroma Resort and Spa—64 keys—on Mexico’s Riviera Maya on the Caribbean coast of the Yucatan Peninsula, about 30 miles south of Cancun.  The resort opened in 1995 and is set in 25 acres of verdant jungle along a 1,000-foot beach.  The

 

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Cozumel barrier reef is offshore where guests may fish, snorkel and scuba-dive.  Important Mayan archaeological sites are nearby.  Rooms are arranged in low-rise villas and there are two restaurants, three swimming pools, tennis courts and extensive spa facilities.  During 2011, eight guest rooms were refurbished as six new suites.  OEH owns a 28-acre tract adjacent to Maroma for hotel expansion or construction of private residences in the future.  See “Property Development” below.

 

OEH owns the Casa de Sierra Nevada—37 keys—a luxury resort in the colonial town of San Miguel de Allende, a UNESCO World Heritage site.  Opened in 1952, the hotel consists of nine Spanish colonial buildings built in the 16th and 18th centuries.  OEH has renovated the hotel, including its two restaurants, and has built new suites as well as a pool, spa and garden area.  The total site is approximately two acres.  OEH also owns a nearby cooking school and retail shop operated in conjunction with the hotel.

 

Owned Hotels—Rest of the World

 

South America

 

Built in the 1920s on a three-acre site facing Copacabana Beach near the central business district of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, the Copacabana Palace—239 keys—is a famous hotel in South America and features two fine-dining restaurants, spacious function and banqueting rooms including the hotel’s refurbished former casino rooms with space for up to 1,800 persons, a 500-seat theater, a large swimming pool, spa and fitness center, and a roof-top tennis court and plunge pool.  In 2009, OEH refurbished 56 guest rooms and opened the destination Bar do Copa on the premises.  In 2011, a further 26 guest rooms and the Cipriani restaurant were refurbished and, during 2012, most of the remaining rooms in the main building and the lobby area will be refurbished, necessitating closure of the main building for a short period.  These improvements are expected to be completed in advance of Rio’s hosting the 2014 World Cup soccer tournament and 2016 Summer Olympics.

 

OEH operates Hotel das Cataratas—193 keys—beside the famous Iguassu Falls in Brazil on the border with Argentina, having been awarded a 20-year lease by the Brazilian government in 2007.  It is the only hotel in the national park surrounding the falls, a UNESCO World Heritage site.  First opened in 1958 on about four acres, the hotel has two restaurants, conference facilities, a swimming pool, spa and tennis court, and tropical gardens looking onto the falls.  OEH has completed a two-year phased renovation of the hotel and applied to the government to amend the lease including extension of the lease term.

 

Miraflores Park Hotel—82 keys—is located in the fashionable Miraflores residential district of Lima, Peru surrounded by parkland and looking onto the Pacific Ocean, yet near the commercial and cultural center of the city.  Opened in 1997, this all-suite hotel has two restaurants, a large ballroom, conference and meeting rooms, a rooftop outdoor pool, health and beauty facilities and a business center for guests, and occupies about one acre of land.

 

Southern Africa

 

The Mount Nelson Hotel—209 keys—in Cape Town, South Africa is a famous historic property opened in 1899.  With beautiful gardens and pools, it stands just below Table Mountain and is within walking distance of the main business, civic and cultural center of the city.  The hotel has two restaurants (including the new concept Planet Restaurant opened in 2010), a ballroom, two swimming pools, tennis courts, and a fitness center and spa, all situated on ten acres of grounds.  There is expansion potential through incorporation into the hotel of adjoining residential properties owned by OEH.

 

The Westcliff Hotel—117 keys—is the only garden hotel in Johannesburg, South Africa, opened in 1998 and situated on six hillside acres with views over the city’s zoo and parkland.  Laid out in village style, its resort amenities include two swimming pools, a tennis court and a spa and health club.  The hotel attracts business guests because of its proximity to the city center.  A banquet and conference center occupies part of adjacent expansion land.

 

OEH’s African safari experience consists of three separate game-viewing lodges in Botswana called Khwai River Lodge, Eagle Island Camp and Savute Elephant Camp—39 keys in total.  Established in 1971, OEH leases the lodge sites in the Okavango River delta and nearby game reserves, where African wildlife can be observed from open safari vehicles or boats.  Each camp has 12 or 15 twin-bedded deluxe tents under thatched roofs, and guests travel between the camps by light aircraft. Boating, fishing, hiking and swimming are offered at the various sites.

 

Asia Pacific

 

The Observatory Hotel—96 keys—is in the Rocks section of Sydney, Australia within walking distance of the central business district.  This hotel opened in 1993 and has two restaurant and lounge areas, extensive meeting and banquet rooms, a spa and health club with indoor swimming pool, and a large parking garage on a site of about one acre.  There is also access to a nearby tennis court.

 

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In 2006, OEH acquired a group of six deluxe hotels in Southeast Asia described below, each built and decorated in traditional local style.

 

Napasai—55 keys—is located on its own beach on the north side of Koh Samui island of Thailand in the Gulf of Siam.  It originally opened in 2004 and features two restaurants, tennis courts, a swimming pool, a spa and water sports such as diving and snorkeling in the nearby coral reef.  The guest rooms are arranged in seaview and garden cottages on a total site of about 40 acres on which 14 private villas have been built.  There is vacant land available to expand the hotel or build additional villas.  See “Property Development” below.  The hotel rents the existing villas to its guests as additional room stock on a revenue-sharing basis with the owners.

 

On Bali in Indonesia are two long-term leasehold properties, Jimbaran Puri Bali—64 keys—and Ubud Hanging Gardens—38 keys.  Jimbaran Puri Bali occupies seven beachfront acres on the south coast of the island.  Guest rooms are situated in cottages, and there are two restaurants, a swimming pool and ocean water sports.  OEH built and opened in 2009 22 one- and two-bedroom thatched villas, each with a private plunge pool.

 

Ubud Hanging Gardens is located on terraces on about seven steep hillside acres above the Ayung River gorge in the rain forest interior of Bali.  The hotel opened in 2005 and offers two restaurants, a swimming pool and spa, and a free shuttle bus to the nearby town of Ubud, a cultural and arts center.  Each key has its own private plunge pool.

 

La Résidence d’Angkor—62 keys—opened in 2002 and is situated in walled gardens in Siem Reap, Cambodia.  The hotel occupies a site of about two acres under long-term lease.  The ancient Temples of Angkor Wat, a UNESCO World Heritage site and the principal tourist attraction in the area, are near the hotel which has an indoor/outdoor restaurant and swimming pool.  OEH recently added eight suites and a spa to this property.

 

Built in 1920, The Governor’s Residence—48 keys—in the embassy district of Yangon, Myanmar (Burma) was originally the official home of one of the Burmese state governors.  It is a teak two-storey mansion surrounded by verandas overlooking lotus gardens, a long-term leased site of about two acres that opened as a hotel in 1997.  It includes a restaurant and swimming pool.  OEH originally owned a 66% interest in the property and acquired the minority interest in 2009.  See Note 4 to the Financial Statements.

 

In Luang Prabang, the ancient capital of Laos and a UNESCO World Heritage site, OEH owns a 69% interest in La Résidence Phou Vao—34 keys.  The hotel opened in 2001 and occupies about eight hillside acres under long-term lease.  Guest rooms are in four two-storey buildings surrounded by lush gardens that include a restaurant, spa and swimming pool.

 

OEH has contracted to sell Bora Bora Lagoon Resort—76 keys—a Tahitian-style hotel set in bungalows over the lagoon water and additional beach and garden bungalows.  The hotel has been closed since February 2010 when it suffered extensive damage due to a cyclone.  See Note 2 to the Financial Statements.

 

Hotel Management Interests

 

Through a 50%/50% joint venture with a Spanish investment company, OEH owns and manages the famous Hotel Ritz—167 keys—in central Madrid near the financial district, Spanish parliament and many of the city’s well known tourist attractions.  Opened in 1910, the hotel has four spacious conference and banqueting suites, an indoor restaurant and the popular Ritz Terrace restaurant outdoors in the gardens.  OEH and its 50% partner renovated the public areas of the hotel and are working on plans for future refurbishment of the guest rooms.

 

OEH has a 50%/50% joint venture with local investors in Peru which operates the following five hotels under OEH’s exclusive management.

 

The Hotel Monasterio—126 keys—is located in the ancient Inca capital of Cuzco, an important tourist destination in Peru and a UNESCO World Heritage site.  The hotel was originally built as a Spanish monastery in the 16th century, converted to hotel use in 1995, and has been upgraded since then.  The deluxe guest rooms and two restaurants are arranged around open-air cloisters.  Because of Cuzco’s high altitude, specially oxygenated ventilation has been added to some of the refurbished rooms.  The site measures approximately three acres under long-term lease.

 

Next door to Hotel Monasterio on the same site is a former palace and convent which the joint venture, using its own financial resources, is rebuilding as the separate Palacio Nazarenas—55 keys—scheduled to open in 2012.  This will be an all-suite hotel arranged around courtyards and featuring oxygenated guest rooms, an outdoor heated swimming pool, spa, and poolside restaurant and bar.

 

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The Machu Picchu Sanctuary Lodge—31 keys—is the only hotel at the famous mountaintop Inca ruins at Machu Picchu, a UNESCO World Heritage site.  All of the rooms have been refurbished to a high standard.  The joint venture leases the hotel as well as seven acres for possible future expansion at the foot of the ruins, close to the town on the Urubamba River where tourists arrive by train.

 

The Peru hotel joint venture of OEH built and opened in April 2008 a small luxury bungalow hotel called Las Casitas del Colca—20 keys—on 57 acres north of Arequipa near the 11,000-foot high rim of Colca Canyon.  The hotel features individual casitas with plunge pools, an intimate main dining room and a swimming pool and spa.  Much of the produce served in the dining room is grown in the hotel’s gardens.  Guests enjoy tours of the scenic canyon, famous for its giant condors.

 

In December 2009, the Peru hotel joint venture acquired Hotel Rio Sagrado—23 keys—in the Sacred Valley of the Incas between Cuzco and Machu Picchu.  Opened in April 2009, this new rustic hotel has a spa with small swimming pool and extensive gardens beside the Urubamba River on a site of about six acres set against an imposing mountain backdrop.  The Sacred Valley is a popular part of holiday itineraries in Peru, and a station on OEH’s Peru Rail train service is a short distance from the hotel.

 

Restaurants

 

OEH’s only stand-alone restaurant at present is ‘21’ Club, the famous landmark restaurant at 21 West 52nd Street in midtown Manhattan in New York City near the Broadway theater district and many top tourist attractions.  Originally a speakeasy during Prohibition in the 1920s, this restaurant is open to the public, occupies three brownstone buildings and features fine American cuisine.  It serves à la carte meals in the original bar restaurant and a separate dining room upstairs, and also has ten banqueting rooms used for functions, including the famous secret wine cellar.  During 2011, a new Bar ‘21’ was created in the restaurant’s lobby serving refreshments and light meals.

 

In 2007, OEH entered into purchase and development agreements to acquire a branch of the New York Public Library adjacent to ‘21’ Club, and planned to construct a mixed use hotel, library and residential development.  Following the slowdown in the U.S. economy in 2008 and 2009 and difficulty encountered in financing the project, OEH assigned its purchase and development agreements in April 2011 to a development company which reimbursed to OEH all of its previous deposit payments under the agreements and part of the fees and other costs that OEH had incurred in the project.  The assignee also acquired from OEH in December 2011 most of the excess development rights owned by ‘21’ Club.  See Note 7 to the Financial Statements.

 

Tourist Trains and Cruises

 

OEH’s principal European tourist trains, called the Venice Simplon-Orient-Express, operate in two parts in a regularly scheduled overnight service between London and Venice and on short excursions in southern England.  OEH owns 30 historic railway cars originally used on “Orient-Express” and other famous European trains.  All have been refurbished in original 1920s/1930s décor and meet modern safety standards.  The services are marketed as a continuation of the Orient-Express trains of pre-World War II years.  One train is based in Great Britain and composed entirely of Pullman day coaches with a capacity for up to 230 passengers.  The other train is based on the European Continent and made up of Wagons-Lits sleeping cars, three dining cars and a bar car with capacity for up to 180 passengers.  They operate once or twice weekly principally between London and Venice from March to November each year via Paris, Zurich and Innsbruck on a scenic route through the Alps.  Passengers travel across the English Channel by coach on the Eurotunnel shuttle train.  Occasional trips are also made from time to time to Vienna, Prague, Dresden, Krakow, Budapest and Istanbul.

 

The 11 British Pullman dining cars of Venice Simplon-Orient-Express with capacity up to 230 passengers operate all year, originating out of London on short excursions to places of historic or scenic interest in southern England, including some overnight trips when passengers stay at local hotels.  Both the British and Continental trains are available for private charter.

 

The Northern Belle tourist train offers day trips and charter service principally in the north of England.  It builds on the success of OEH’s British Pullman business, which focuses on the south of England around London.  This train consists of six dining cars elegantly decorated to be reminiscent of old British “Belle” trains of the 1930s, plus three kitchen and service cars, and can carry up to 250 passengers.  Full course meals are served on board and passengers stay in local hotels on overnight itineraries.

 

OEH owns the Royal Scotsman luxury tourist train composed of nine Edwardian-style cars, including five sleeping cars (each compartment with private bathroom), two dining cars and a lounge car, and accommodating up to 36 passengers.  Operating from April to October, the train travels on itineraries of up to seven nights through the Scottish countryside affording passengers the opportunity to visit clan castles, historic battlegrounds, famous Scotch whiskey distilleries and other points of interest.

 

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Peru Rail is a 50%/50% joint venture between OEH and Peruvian partners formed to operate part of the state-owned railways in Peru under a 30-year franchise awarded in 1999 and extendable every five years, upon the joint venture’s application, up to 25 additional years.  The joint venture pays the government a fee related to traffic levels which can be partially offset against investment in track improvements.  The 70-mile Cuzco-Machu Picchu line carries mainly tourists visiting the famous Inca ruins, the principal means of access because there is no convenient road, as well as local passenger traffic.  In 2009, other carriers began to operate on this line in competition with Peru Rail for the first time.  A second rail line runs from Cuzco to Matarani on the Pacific Ocean (via Arequipa) and to Puno on Lake Titicaca, and principally serves freight traffic under contract.  The Cuzco-Machu Picchu line connects four of OEH’s Peruvian hotels, allowing inclusive tours served by OEH’s Hiram Bingham luxury tourist train with capacity up to 84 passengers.  OEH also operates a deluxe daytime tourist train called the Andean Explorer on the Cuzco-Puno route through the High Andes mountains.

 

The Eastern & Oriental Express in Southeast Asia travels up to one round trip each week between Singapore, Kuala Lumpur and Bangkok.  The journey includes two or three nights on board and side trips to Penang in Malaysia and the River Kwai in Thailand.  Some overnight trips are also made from Bangkok to Chiang Mai and elsewhere in Thailand and to Vientiane, Laos. Longer itineraries, up to six nights on board, are offered to places of historic, scenic and cultural interest in the region.  Originally built in 1970, the 24 cars were substantially rebuilt to an elegant oriental style of décor and fitted with modern facilities such as air conditioning and private bathrooms.  The train is made up of sleeping cars, three restaurant cars, a bar car and an open air observation car and can carry up to 130 passengers.  The Eastern & Oriental Express is available for charter by private groups.  OEH manages the train exclusively and has a 25% shareholding in the owning company.

 

OEH owns and operates a deluxe river cruise ship on the Irrawaddy River in central Myanmar called the Road To Mandalay.  The ship was a Rhine River cruiser built in 1964 which OEH bought and refurbished.  It has 43 air conditioned cabins with private bathrooms, spacious restaurant and lounge areas, and a canopied sun deck with swimming pool.  The ship travels between Mandalay and Pagan up to eight times each month and carries up to 82 passengers who may enjoy sightseeing along the river and guided shore excursions to places of cultural interest.  Three- to seven-night itineraries are offered, including airfare to and from the ship.  The ship does not operate in the hottest summer months and occasionally when the water level of the Irrawaddy River falls too low due to lack of rainfall.

 

OEH owns five luxury river and canal boats (called péniche-hôtels) operating as Afloat in France in Burgundy, Provence and other rural regions of France.  They accommodate between four and 12 passengers each in double berth compartments with private bathrooms, and some have small plunge pools on deck.  They operate seasonally between April and October on three- to six-night itineraries with guests dining on board or in nearby restaurants.  Shore excursions are organized each day.

 

Property Development

 

OEH has pursued opportunities in the past to develop the real estate adjoining its hotels.  In addition to expansion by adding guest rooms and other facilities at the hotels, certain of OEH’s properties have vacant land suitable for construction of deluxe for-sale residential homes and condominium units.  At present, OEH has no plans to build new residential projects.

 

OEH’s largest completed development is Porto Cupecoy on the Dutch side of St. Martin, on 12 acres of land on Simpson Bay Lagoon near La Samanna hotel.  It consists of 184 condominium units and 35,000 square feet of commercial space around a Mediterranean-style piazza, and a marina with pleasure boat slips.  The condominium units range in size from 1,000 to 6,000 square feet.  At December 31, 2011, 111 units at Porto Cupecoy have been sold through local on-site sales personnel and listing with third-party real estate agents.  In addition, OEH plans to sell the commercial space and remaining marina slips.

 

On a portion of 37 available acres on the French side of St. Martin, OEH built the Villas at La Samanna consisting of eight large homes in three- or four-bedroom configurations, each with a private swimming pool and access to La Samanna’s amenities and services as well as a hotel-sponsored rental program.  In December 2009, OEH entered into a deferred sale agreement covering four of the villas under which a third party has the option to acquire them by the end of 2012. The remaining four villas are currently being leased in the hotel’s rental program.

 

When OEH acquired Napasai in Thailand in 2006, development of 14 private villas was already underway on the hotel’s 40-acre site.  Two villas remain for sale, and land is available to expand the hotel or build more residences in the future.

 

Other OEH hotels with vacant land for expansion or development include Maroma Resort and Spa in Mexico and Inn at Perry Cabin in Maryland.

 

OEH’s sale of Keswick Hall in Virginia in January 2012 included the hotel’s Keswick Club golf course and a subdivision of 87 home sites including roads and other infrastructure, about half of which remained unsold.  See Note 2 to the Financial Statements.

 

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Management Strategies

 

As the foregoing indicates, OEH has a global mix of deluxe hotel and travel products that are geographically diverse and appeal to the high-end leisure market, reflecting an important management strategy.  Leisure customers produce about 82% of annual revenue and 66% of the room nights, while corporate/business travelers account for the rest.  OEH’s properties are distinctive as well as luxurious and tend to attract guests prepared to pay higher rates for the travel experiences OEH offers compared to its competitors.

 

OEH benefits from long-term trends and developments favorably impacting the global hotel, travel and leisure markets, including growth trends in the luxury hotel market in many parts of the world, increased travel and leisure spending by consumers, favorable demographic trends in relevant age and income brackets of U.S., European and other populations, and increased online travel bookings.  These long-term trends suffered setbacks at various times in recent years due to the global economic downturn, preceded by the shock of terrorist attacks and resulting public concerns about travel safety, regional conflicts in Iraq, Afghanistan and other parts of the world, and the threatened SARS and swine flu epidemics.  Management believes, however, that the public’s confidence in international travel and demand for luxury hotel and tourist products will be sustained over the long term.

 

OEH’s mission is to be recognized as a top luxury hotel company and sophisticated adventure travel operator in its markets, delivering memorable experiences that are the ultimate expression of each destination’s authentic culture, through the individual character and creativity of the OEH team.  OEH plans to grow the business in the long term by:

 

·                  increasing revenue and earnings at its established properties and recent acquisitions, including by increasing occupancy and operating profit retention from incremental revenue,

 

·                  expanding existing hotels where land or space is available and potential investment returns are relatively high,

 

·                  increasing the utilization of its tourist trains and cruises by adding departures,

 

·                  acquiring additional distinctive luxury properties throughout the world that have attractive potential investment returns,

 

·                  entering into contracts to manage hotels owned by others and which meet OEH’s selection criteria,

 

·                  disposing of underperforming assets to reduce leverage and redeploy the capital in properties with higher potential returns, and

 

·                  increasing awareness of the “Orient-Express” brand in both established and new markets while maintaining the strengths of OEH’s local property brands.

 

Factors in OEH’s evaluation of a potential acquisition or management opportunity include the uniqueness and deluxe nature of the property, attractions and experiences for guests in the vicinity, acceptability of financial returns, upside potential through pricing, expansion or improved marketing, limitations on nearby competition, and convenient access.  Expansion at existing properties by adding rooms and facilities such as spas and conference space can provide attractive investment returns because incremental operating costs are usually low.

 

OEH plans to continue owning or part-owning and operating most of its properties, which allows OEH to develop the properties’ distinctive local character and to benefit from current cash flow and potential future gains on sale.  OEH considers its combined owner/operator role as efficient and consistent with the long-term nature of its assets.  Self-management or management with equity interest has enabled OEH to capture the economic benefits otherwise shared with a third-party manager, to control the operations, quality and expansion of the hotels, and to use its experience with market adjustments, price changes, expansions and renovations to improve cash flow and enhance asset values.

 

OEH also plans to pursue long-term contracts to manage hotels principally on a fee basis where OEH may have only a small or no ownership interest and where the hotels would otherwise meet OEH’s selection criteria.  Management contracts are expected to facilitate OEH’s entry into new markets, such as gateway cities in the Americas, Europe and Asia, and would expand awareness of the “Orient-Express” brand and allow OEH to conserve investment capital.  As owner of many unique and deluxe properties that OEH operates itself, OEH believes it is well positioned to manage comparable hotels for others.

 

Management is implementing a strategy to reduce OEH’s long-term debt position.  A number of non-core assets not considered key to OEH’s portfolio of unique, high valued properties have been identified, and management is seeking to sell these in a measured timescale with the primary purposes of de-leveraging OEH’s balance sheet and providing capital for refurbishment and growth

 

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opportunities.  In the last three years, OEH has sold Keswick Hall in Virginia, Hôtel de la Cité in Carcassonne, France, La Cabana restaurant in Buenos Aires, Lilianfels Blue Mountains Resort in Australia west of Sydney, Windsor Court Hotel in New Orleans, and Lapa Palace in Lisbon, and has removed the debt related to these properties from its balance sheet. See Note 2 to the Financial Statements. At the same time, OEH has restructured or reduced its remaining long-term debt, although new debt was incurred in January 2010 when Grand Hotel Timeo and Villa Sant’Andrea were purchased and will be incurred for completion of the El Encanto renovation.  In addition, OEH’s debt-free developments of residential real estate described under “Property Development” above are being progressively sold over the medium term to generate cash proceeds.  See Item 7—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

 

Many of OEH’s individual properties, such as the Hotel Cipriani, Copacabana Palace and ‘21’ Club, have distinctive local character and brand identity.  Management believes that discerning travelers will choose an individually styled property in preference to a chain brand characterized by uniform standards across the portfolio.  OEH promotes its individual properties together through the “Orient-Express” umbrella brand which originated with the legendary luxury European train in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and which is recognizable worldwide and synonymous with sophisticated travel and refined elegance.

 

OEH is pursuing a strategy to increase recognition of the “Orient-Express” brand globally throughout OEH’s business segments and product offerings.  In 2011, for example, OEH conducted an Internet-based awareness campaign called “Orient-Express, a journey like no other” placed on a variety of lifestyle and travel websites in the U.S. and linked to short videos set around selected OEH properties.  This strategy is intended to position OEH as a collection of deluxe travel and hospitality experiences, each individually branded and focused on authentic local product and service.  Management believes this recognition strategy will provide OEH with public relations and commercial advantages, increase efficiencies and the effectiveness of the OEH portfolio, grow revenue and repeat business from customers, and be attractive to property owners and potential joint venture partners.

 

Marketing, Sales and Public Relations

 

OEH’s sales and marketing function is primarily based upon direct sales (prioritizing strategic travel agents and tour operators and electronic channels such as the Internet), cross-selling to customers, and public relations.  OEH has a corporate sales force located in 16 cities in the U.S., Brazil, Mexico, seven European countries, Australia and Japan.  OEH also has local sales representatives responsible for the properties where they are based.

 

OEH’s sales staff train preferred travel industry and distribution partners, negotiate with group and corporate account representatives, and conduct marketing initiatives such as direct mailings, e-commerce, trade show participation and event sponsorship.  OEH participates in a number of luxury travel partner programs, such as “American Express Centurion” and the “Virtuoso” travel agent consortium.  OEH offers its top travel agents and other industry partners’ free participation in OEH’s “Bellini Club” providing training courses, special commissions and sales support for all OEH products worldwide.

 

Websites and e-marketing are important direct sales and marketing tools for OEH.  Through its principal website (www.orient-express.com) and the websites of the individual properties, OEH provides extensive descriptions and images of the properties and guest activities in English and other languages.  Direct online booking capability is provided as well as affiliate programs for online partners.  OEH operates other Internet travel portals that direct customers to OEH’s properties, and works with other selected electronic distribution channels.  Social media such as Facebook and Twitter are important marketing tools.

 

Because repeat customers appreciate the consistent quality of OEH’s hotels, restaurants, trains and cruises, an important part of OEH’s strategy is to promote OEH properties through various cross-selling efforts.  These include the in-house “Orient-Express Traveller” directory, enhanced customer relationship management systems and other customer recognition programs, worldwide preferred travel agent programs, and direct communications with customers. In addition, OEH sells luxury souvenir goods branded with the names of its travel products.

 

OEH’s marketing strategy also focuses on public relations, which management believes is a highly cost-effective marketing tool for luxury properties.  Because of the unique nature of OEH’s properties, guests often hear about OEH’s hotels and other travel products through word-of-mouth or published articles.  OEH has an in-house public relations office in London and representatives in 14 countries worldwide, including third-party public relations firms under contract, to promote its properties through targeted newspapers, general interest and travel magazines, and broadcast, online and other media.

 

Corporate Social Responsibility

 

OEH is a member of the International Tourism Partnership and pursues responsible business practices furthering the sustainability of tourism by seeking to minimize the negative impact on the environment and to increase contributions to conservation, cultural heritage preservation and local community development.  OEH’s activity in this area has included the following examples:

 

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·                 In the U.S., Charleston Place created the Charleston Chefs’ “Feed the Need” Program in which local hotels, restaurants and caterers provide weekly meals for up to 500 persons following food shelter closures, helping to alleviate the strain on local emergency food providers.  This successful program has been adopted in other U.S. cities.

 

·                  In Russia, Grand Hotel Europe has established its own charitable foundation to help underprivileged children and youth, working closely with local orphanages and organizations to identify those in need.

 

·                  In Botswana, OEH’s game-viewing lodges support the Endangered Wildlife Trust, a Southern Africa organization.  Staff participates in various programs such as protection of the wattled crane, an endangered species, in the Moremi Wildlife Reserve.

 

·                  In Mexico, Maroma Resort and Spa acts to preserve the environment.  Staff members volunteer to clean Maroma’s surrounding beach areas.  The landscaping of the resort and its environs is maintained in a jungle-like state to create a habitat for wildlife.  Educational walks are provided for guests to learn about the biodiversity of the hotel’s site.

 

·                  In Peru, Machu Picchu Sanctuary Lodge has established an agriculture school on its own land so persons from poor neighboring communities can learn to grow and produce vegetables and herbs.  The hotel provides seeds to use on their own land and then buys their produce, both to provide a source of income for local people and to reduce the carbon footprint by avoiding the need to transport from other parts of the country.

 

·                  In Italy, Venice Simplon-Orient-Express and Hotel Cipriani have long been supporters of the preservation projects of Save Vanice and Venice in Peril seeking to maintain the city’s threatened heritage, including work to preserve an 18th century screen housed in the Oriental Museum of Venice.

 

Industry Awards

 

OEH has gained a worldwide reputation for quality and service in the luxury segment of the leisure and business travel markets.  Over the years, OEH’s properties have won numerous national and international awards given by consumer or trade publications such as Condé Nast Traveller, Travel & Leisure and Tatler and by private subscription newsletters such as Andrew Harper’s Hideaway Report, or industry bodies such as the American Automobile Association.  The awards are based on opinion polls of the publications’ readers or the professional opinion of journalists or panels of experts.  The awards are believed to influence consumer choice and are therefore highly prized.

 

Competition

 

Some of OEH’s properties are located in areas with numerous competitors, many of which have greater resources than OEH.  Competition for guests in the hospitality industry is based generally on the convenience of location, the quality of the property and services offered, room rates and menu prices, the range and quality of food services and amenities offered, types of cuisine, and reputation and name recognition.

 

OEH’s strategy is to acquire or manage only hotels which have special locations and distinctive character, offering unique travel experiences.  Many are in areas with interesting local history or high entry barriers because of zoning restrictions.  OEH builds its competitive advantage by offering high quality service and cuisine, usually with a local flavor.  Typically, therefore, OEH competes by providing a special combination of location, character, cuisine, service and experiential activities rather than relying on price competition.

 

OEH’s luxury tourist trains have no direct competitors.  Other passenger trains operate on the same or similar routes, including the Cuzco-Machu Picchu line of Peru Rail, but management believes OEH’s trains and onboard service are unique and of such superior quality that guests consider an OEH train journey more of a luxury experience and an end in itself than merely a means of transport.

 

Employees

 

OEH currently employs about 8,100 full-time-equivalent persons, about 1,700 of whom are represented by labor unions.  Approximately 6,500 persons are employed in the hotels and restaurants, 1,400 in the trains and cruises business, and 200 in central administration, sales and marketing and other activities.  Management believes that OEH’s ongoing labor relations are satisfactory.  Through its various training and other human resources programs, OEH seeks to attract, develop and retain top employees providing authentic local experiences to guests and to promote internal candidates for leadership positions.

 

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Government Regulation

 

OEH and its properties are subject to numerous laws and government regulations such as those relating to the preparation and sale of food and beverages, liquor service, health and safety of premises and employees, employee relationships, environmental matters, waste and hazardous substance handling and disposal, and planning and zoning rules. Management believes that OEH is in compliance in all material respects with relevant laws and regulations with respect to its business.

 

ITEM 1A.       Risk Factors

 

OEH’s business is subject to various risks, including those described below.  Investors should carefully consider the “Risk Factors” below.  These are separated into three general groups:

 

·                  risks of OEH’s business,

 

·                  risks relating to OEH’s financial condition and results of operations, and

 

·                  risks of investing in class A common shares.

 

The risks described below are only those that management considers to be the most significant.  There may be additional risks that management currently regards as less material or that are not presently known.

 

If any of these risks occurs, OEH’s business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows could be materially adversely affected.  When OEH states below that a risk may have a material adverse effect, this means the risk may have one or more of these effects. In that case, the market price of the class A common shares could decline.

 

This report also contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties.  See “Forward-Looking Statements” above.  OEH’s actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including the risks described below and elsewhere in this report.

 

Risks of OEH’s Business

 

OEH’s operations are subject to adverse factors generally encountered in the lodging, hospitality and travel industries.

 

Besides the specific conditions discussed in the risk factors below, these adverse factors include:

 

·                  cyclical downturns arising from changes in economic conditions and general business activities, which impact levels of travel and demand for travel products,

 

·                  rising travel costs such as increased air travel fares and higher fuel costs, and reduced capacities of airlines and other transport services,

 

·                  political instability of the governments of some countries where OEH’s properties are located, resulting in depressed demand,

 

·                  less disposable income of consumers and the travelling public,

 

·                  dependence on varying levels of tourism, business travel and corporate entertainment,

 

·                  changes in popular travel patterns,

 

·                  competition from other hotels and leisure time activities,

 

·                  periodic local oversupply of guest accommodation, which may adversely affect occupancy and actual rates achieved,

 

·                  increases in operating costs at OEH’s properties due to inflation and other factors which may not be offset by increased revenues,

 

·                  economic and political conditions affecting market demand for travel products, including recessions, civil disorder, and acts or threats of terrorism,

 

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·                  expropriation or nationalization of properties by foreign governments, and limitations on repatriation of local earnings,

 

·                  failure to comply with applicable anti-corruption laws or trade sanctions, exposing OEH to claims for damages, financial penalties and reputational harm,

 

·                  foreign exchange rate movements causing fluctuations in OEH’s reported revenues and costs and impacting demand for OEH’s properties,

 

·                  adverse weather conditions such as severe storms or destructive forces like fire or flooding that sometimes result in closure of properties,

 

·                  reduction in domestic or international travel and demand for OEH’s properties due to actual or threatened acts of terrorism or war, or the outbreak of contagious disease, and heightened travel security measures instituted in response to these events,

 

·                  interference with customer travel due to accidents or industrial action, increased transportation and fuel costs, and natural disasters, and

 

·                  seasonality, in that many of OEH’s hotels and tourist trains are located in the northern hemisphere where they operate at low revenue or close during the winter months.

 

The effects of many of these factors vary among OEH’s hotels and other properties because of their geographic diversity.

 

For example, civil unrest in Myanmar in September 2007 resulted in reservation cancellations at The Governor’s Residence and Road To Mandalay at the beginning of the seasonal high demand period for those properties.  Bookings were recovering but suffered a new setback when the hotel and ship were damaged by a cyclone hitting Myanmar in May 2008.

 

Also, as a result of the terrorist attacks in the United States in September 2001 and the subsequent military actions in Afghanistan and Iraq, international, regional and even domestic travel was disrupted and public concerns about travel safety increased significantly.  Demand for most of OEH’s properties declined substantially in the latter part of 2001 and in 2002. Future acts of terrorism or a military action, or the threat of either, could again reduce leisure and business travel, thereby adversely affecting OEH’s results.

 

The weakened economies of North America, Europe and other regions in 2008-2009 and the simultaneous disruption of financial markets resulted in earnings declines at most of OEH’s properties and in shorter lead times for reservations due to customers’ economic uncertainty.  As a result, OEH’s ability to forecast operating results and cash flows was reduced.  These factors also affected OEH’s liquidity outlook.  See “Risks Relating to OEH’s Financial Condition and Results of Operations’ below.

 

If revenue decreases at OEH’s properties, its expenses may not decrease at the same rate, thereby adversely affecting OEH’s profitability and cash flow.

 

Ownership and operation of OEH’s properties involve many relatively fixed expenses such as personnel costs, interest, rent, property taxes, insurance and utilities.  If revenue declines when demand weakens, OEH may not be able to reduce these expenses to the same degree to preserve profitability.

 

The hospitality industry is highly competitive, both for customers and for acquisitions of new properties.

 

Some of OEH’s properties are located in areas where there are numerous competitors seeking to attract customers, particularly in city centers. Competitive factors in the hospitality industry include:

 

·                  convenience of location,

 

·                  the quality of the property and services offered,

 

·                  room rates and menu prices,

 

·                  the range and quality of food services and amenities offered,

 

·                  types of cuisine, and

 

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·                  reputation and name recognition.

 

Demographic, geographic or other changes in one or more of OEH’s markets could impact the convenience or desirability of its hotels and restaurants, and so could adversely affect their operations.

 

Also, new or existing competitors could significantly lower rates or offer greater conveniences, services or amenities, or significantly expand, improve or introduce new facilities in the markets in which OEH operates.  For example, new passenger rail services have recently started to operate on the Cuzco-Machu Picchu line of Peru Rail in direct competition, which has had some impact on Peru Rail’s profitability. As another example, largely because of increased hotel competition in Bora Bora and high local cost structures, OEH has contracted to sell its Bora Bora Lagoon Resort now closed due to cyclone damage in 2010.

 

OEH competes for hotel acquisition and management contract opportunities with others who may have greater financial resources.  These competitors may be prepared to accept a higher level of financial risk than OEH can prudently manage.  This competition may have the effect of reducing the number of suitable acquisition and management contract opportunities offered to OEH and increasing its costs or reducing its operating margins because the bargaining power of property owners seeking to sell or to enter into management agreements is increased.

 

The hospitality industry is heavily regulated, including with respect to food and beverage sales, employee relations, development and construction, and environmental matters, and compliance with these laws could reduce profitability of properties that OEH owns or manages.

 

OEH’s various properties are subject to numerous laws and government regulations, including those relating to the preparation and sale of food and beverages, liquor service, and health and safety of premises.  The properties are also subject to laws governing OEH’s relationship with employees in such areas as minimum wage and maximum working hours, overtime, working conditions, health and safety, hiring and firing employees and work permits.

 

The success of expanding existing properties depends upon obtaining necessary building permits, approvals or zoning variances from local authorities.  Failure to obtain or delay in obtaining these permits could adversely affect OEH’s strategy of increasing revenues and earnings through expansion of existing properties.

 

OEH is also subject to U.S. and foreign laws and regulations relating to the environment and the handling of hazardous substances that may impose or create significant potential environmental liabilities, even in situations where the environmental problem or violation occurred on a property before OEH acquired it or without OEH’s knowledge.  Environmental laws may also impose liability for improper handling or disposal of hazardous substances or improper management of certain hazardous material which might be present at OEH properties, such as asbestos or lead-based paint.  OEH’s trains and cruises must comply with environmental regulation of air emissions, wastewater discharges and fueling.

 

Existing environmental laws and regulations may be revised or new laws and regulations related to global climate change, air quality, hazardous substances, wastes, or other environmental and health concerns may be adopted or become applicable to OEH.

 

Although OEH does not currently anticipate that the costs of complying with environmental laws will materially adversely affect its businesses, OEH cannot assure that it will not incur material costs or liabilities in the future, due to the discovery of new facts or conditions, the occurrence of new releases of hazardous materials, or a change in environmental laws.

 

OEH’s acquisition, expansion and development strategy may be less successful than expected and, therefore, its growth may be limited.

 

OEH intends to increase its revenues and earnings in the long term by acquiring new properties, managing new properties under contract, and expanding existing properties.  The ability to pursue new growth opportunities successfully will depend on management’s ability to:

 

·                  identify properties suitable for acquisition, management and expansion,

 

·                  negotiate purchases or construction on commercially reasonable terms or successfully negotiate management contracts of properties OEH does not own or in which it has only a non-controlling interest,

 

·                  obtain the necessary financing and government permits or approvals,

 

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·                  build on schedule and with minimum disruption to guests, and

 

·                  integrate new properties into OEH’s operations.

 

Also, the acquisition of properties in new locations may present operating and marketing challenges that are different from those experienced at OEH’s existing locations.  OEH can provide no assurance that management will succeed in this growth strategy.

 

OEH plans to develop new properties in the future.  New project development is subject to such adverse factors as:

 

·                  site deterioration after acquisition,

 

·                  inability to obtain necessary government permits,

 

·                  inclement weather,

 

·                  labor or material shortages,

 

·                  work stoppages,

 

·                  unavailability of equity funding, construction finance and mortgage loans on acceptable terms,

 

·                  environmental conditions such as the presence of hazardous substances, protected species, wetlands or other natural conditions,

 

·                  weak economic conditions before, during or after development,

 

·                  claims and disputes between OEH and other contracting parties,

 

·                  untimely opening,

 

·                  high start-up costs, and

 

·                  weak initial market acceptance of a new property.

 

For example, El Encanto in Santa Barbara was originally closed for extensive renovations in late 2006, with an expected reopening in 2008.  However, because of changes in rebuilding plans, delays in obtaining government permits, a slower pace of construction than initially expected, and difficulty until 2011 in obtaining financing of the renovation, the reopening of the hotel has been delayed and is currently scheduled to occur in late 2012 or early 2013.

 

OEH may be unable to obtain the necessary additional capital to finance the growth of its business.

 

The acquisition, expansion and development of leisure properties, as well as the ongoing renovations, refurbishments and improvements required to maintain or upgrade those properties, are capital intensive.  The availability of future borrowings and access to equity capital markets to fund these acquisitions, expansions and projects depend on prevailing market conditions and the acceptability of financing terms on offer.  OEH can give no assurance that future borrowings or capital raising will be available to OEH, or available on acceptable terms, in an amount sufficient to fund its needs. Future equity financings may be dilutive to the existing holders of common shares.  Future debt financings may require restrictive covenants that would limit OEH’s flexibility in operating its business.  See also “Risks Relating to OEH’s Financial Condition and Results of Operations” below.

 

For example, OEH contracted in 2007 to purchase and redevelop a building next to its ‘21’ Club restaurant in New York as a mixed-use hotel, library and residential property.  Because of the economic downturn in 2008 and 2009 in the United States and difficulty in financing the project, OEH could not complete the project and instead assigned the purchase and development contracts in 2011 to another developer.

 

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OEH’s operations may be adversely affected by extreme weather conditions and the impact of natural disasters, and insurance may not fully cover these and other risks.

 

OEH operates properties in many locations, each of which is subject to local weather patterns affecting the properties and customer travel.  As OEH’s revenues are dependent on the revenues of individual properties, extreme weather conditions from time to time can have a major adverse impact upon individual properties or particular regions.  For example, hurricanes in August and October 2005 caused damage to Maroma Resort and Spa on Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula and OEH’s then-owned Windsor Court Hotel in New Orleans, resulting in temporary closure of the hotels for repairs.  Similarly, flooding and landslides due to heavy rains in the Machu Picchu region of Peru in January 2010 resulted in closure of parts of the Cuzco-Machu Picchu line of Peru Rail until June 2010 while the damaged track was repaired.

 

Furthermore, depending on the location and configuration of certain OEH properties, such as along coasts, lagoons or rivers, they may be subject to possible adverse consequences of global climate change, including high water or increased extreme weather patterns.

 

OEH carries property, loss of earnings, liability and other kinds of insurance in amounts management deems reasonably adequate, but damages may exceed the insurance limits or be outside the scope of coverage.  Also, insurance against some risks may be unavailable to OEH on commercially reasonable terms, requiring OEH to self-insure against possible loss.

 

If the relationships between OEH and its employees were to deteriorate, OEH may be faced with labor shortages or stoppages, which would adversely affect the ability to operate its facilities and could cause reputational harm to OEH.

 

OEH’s relations with its employees in various countries could deteriorate due to disputes related to, among other things, wage or benefit levels, working conditions or management’s response to changes in government regulation of workers and the workplace.  Operations rely heavily on employees’ providing a high level of personal service, and any labor shortage or stoppage caused by poor relations with employees, including unionized labor, could adversely affect the ability to provide those services, which could reduce occupancy and revenue and tarnish OEH’s reputation.

 

OEH’s plans to expand existing properties, to develop new ones and possibly to build residential units for sale at some properties are subject to project cost, completion and resale risks.

 

Successful new project development depends on timely completion within budget and satisfactory market conditions. Risks that could affect a project include:

 

·                  construction delays or cost overruns that may increase project costs,

 

·                  delay or denial of zoning, occupancy and other required government permits and authorizations,

 

·                  write-off of development costs incurred for projects that are not pursued to completion,

 

·                  natural disasters such as earthquakes, hurricanes, floods or fires that could adversely impact a project,

 

·                  defects in design or construction that may result in additional costs to remedy, or that require all or a portion of a property to be closed during the period needed to rectify the situation,

 

·                  inability to raise capital to fund a project because of poor economic or financial conditions,

 

·                  claims and disputes between OEH and other contracting parties resulting in delay, monetary loss or project termination,

 

·                  government restrictions on the nature or size of a project or timing of completion, or on the ownership of completed units such as by foreign nationals,

 

·                  changes in market conditions for residences, such as credit availability and pricing terms, or oversupply that may affect OEH’s ability to sell residential units at a profit or at price levels originally anticipated, and

 

·                  discovery or identification of environmental conditions could require unanticipated studies, cleanups, approvals, increased costs, time delays or even project termination.

 

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Occurrence of any of these risks could adversely affect the profitability of planned expansions and new developments.  For example, OEH’s Porto Cupecoy residential development in St. Martin encountered certain of these factors such as cost overruns, construction defects, low financing availability, and market conditions for sales of completed units at prices less than originally expected.

 

OEH’s owned hotels and restaurants are subject to risks generally incidental to the ownership and operation of commercial real estate and often beyond its control.

 

These include:

 

·                  fluctuating values of commercial real estate and potential asset value impairments due to operating performance falling short of expectation or other triggering events,

 

·                  changes in national, regional and local economic and political conditions,

 

·                  changes in interest rates and the availability, cost and terms of financing,

 

·                  the impact of present or future government legislation and regulation (including environmental laws),

 

·                  the ongoing need for capital improvements to maintain or upgrade properties,

 

·                  potential discovery of environmental conditions associated with prior or present operations on site or nearby, and proper management and disposal of wastes and hazardous substances,

 

·                  changes in property taxes and operating expenses,

 

·                  the potential for uninsured or underinsured losses, and

 

·                  limited ability to reduce the relatively high fixed costs of operating owned commercial real estate if revenue declines.

 

OEH has undertaken a program to sell owned properties that are non-core to its business, as well as to continue selling its completed for-sale residential real estate.  In an unfavorable commercial and residential real estate market, OEH may be unable to sell properties at values it is seeking, particularly during an economic downturn and weakness in credit markets, or sell them at the pace OEH had planned. For example, during 2011, OEH determined that the current fair value of real estate held for sale at the Porto Cupecoy development no longer exceeded the carrying value, and recognized an additional non-cash impairment charge of $36,868,000 (2010 - $24,616,000) on this development.

 

Loss or infringement of OEH’s brand names could adversely affect its business.

 

In the competitive hotel and leisure industry in which OEH operates, trademarks and brand names are important in the marketing, promotion and revenue generation of OEH’s properties. OEH has a large number of trademarks and brand names, and expends resources each year on their surveillance, registration and protection. For example, during 2010, OEH settled protracted litigation to defend its “Cipriani” brand in Europe. OEH’s future growth is dependent in part on increasing and developing its brand identities.  The loss, dilution or infringement of any of OEH’s brand identities could have an adverse effect on its business, results of operations and financial condition.

 

Failures in OEH’s information technology systems or in protecting the integrity of data could reduce revenue and earnings and result in reputational harm.

 

OEH’s business depends on the efficient operation of its IT systems such as for reservations, hotel services and financial reporting.  These systems are vulnerable to damage or interruption from natural disasters, power loss, telecommunications failures, computer viruses, security breaches and similar events.  These could cause service delays or interruptions in OEH’s business or loss of data and result in lost revenue, added remedial costs and reputational harm.

 

Also, OEH collects data relating to its customers for various business purposes such as marketing and promotions.  The collection and use of this information is governed by various privacy laws which are evolving and may vary between countries.  Compliance with these laws may increase OEH’s costs or limit the marketing and promotion of its properties.  In addition, non-compliance or a security breach involving systems using customer data may result in claims for damages or fines and in restrictions on the use or transfer of the data.

 

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Some OEH properties are geographically concentrated in countries where national economic downturns, political events or other changing conditions beyond OEH’s control could disproportionately affect OEH’s business.

 

While OEH’s geographic diversification in 24 countries lessens the dependence of its results of operations on any particular region, OEH owns eight hotels in Italy and one hotel in Peru and its 50/50 joint ventures in Peru operate a further five hotels (including one scheduled to open in 2012) as well as Peru Rail.  Due to this concentration of properties in these two countries, OEH’s business is more exposed to national events or conditions in Italy and Peru than other countries where OEH operates, such as:

 

·                  changing local economic and competitive conditions,

 

·                  natural and other disasters,

 

·                  new government laws and regulations, and

 

·      changes in government administrations.

 

For example, possible economic recession in Italy due to current euro-zone debt problems may adversely impact demand for OEH’s Italian hotels from the local domestic market or from other euro-zone countries.

 

OEH may be unable to manage effectively the risks associated with its joint venture investments, which may adversely impact the operations of those joint ventures.

 

Seven of OEH’s hotels (including one under development) and two of its tourist trains are owned by joint venture companies in which OEH has an investment of 50% or less and shares control of at least some significant aspects of their businesses, such as expenditure for capital improvements.  These joint venture investments of OEH involve risks somewhat different from 100% ownership because OEH’s partners

 

·                  may be unable to meet their financial obligations to the joint venture,

 

·                  may have business interests inconsistent with those of OEH or act contrary to OEH’s objectives and policies,

 

·                  may cause properties to incur unplanned liabilities, or

 

·                  may take actions binding on the joint venture without OEH’s consent or that otherwise impair OEH’s operation of the business.

 

If any of these possibilities occurs, OEH’s operations could be adversely affected because it may have limited ability to rectify resulting problems within the joint venture and even to dispose of its joint venture investment.  Disputes with joint venture partners may result in litigation costly to OEH.

 

Risks Relating to OEH’s Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 

Economic downturns and disruption in the financial markets could adversely affect OEH’s financial condition and results of operations.

 

Financial markets in the United States, Europe and Asia experienced significant disruption in 2008 and 2009, including volatility in securities prices and diminished liquidity and credit availability.  Furthermore, the economic slowdown during this period in the United States and other countries weakened consumer confidence and led to significant reductions in the amounts persons and businesses spent on travel, hotels, dining and entertainment.  Largely as a result, OEH experienced pressure on pricing, reduced occupancy at its properties, and fewer customers from traditional markets for OEH’s hotels and other travel products.  OEH’s consolidated revenue and earnings from continuing operations declined in 2008 and 2009.  Although revenue increased in 2010 and 2011, OEH incurred a loss in the latter two years due mainly to higher costs and impairment charges.

 

While the global economy improved in 2010 and 2011, if adverse general economic conditions recur, OEH’s future revenue, profitability and cash flow from operations could decrease and its liquidity and financial condition, including OEH’s ability to comply with financial covenants in its loan facilities, could be adversely impacted.

 

This risk exists in euro-zone countries where OEH has 11 hotels, the Venice-Simplon-Orient-Express tourist train and the Afloat in France cruise business. If current uncertainty regarding sovereign euro-zone debt persists or worsens, financial markets could

 

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experience disruption and consumer confidence could weaken, possibly resulting in less demand for these properties due to weakening of the local economies where they operate.

 

Financial uncertainty and economic weakness identified in the previous risk factor could adversely impact OEH’s liquidity and financial condition, in particular OEH’s ability to raise additional funds for its cash requirements for working capital, commitments and debt service.

 

During the 12 months ending December 31, 2012, OEH will have approximately $78,800,000 of scheduled debt repayments including working capital and capital lease payments. This includes $10,000,000 of debt that was repaid in January 2012 upon the sale of Keswick Hall, and approximately $24,299,000 of debt falling due in 2012 which OEH is in negotiation to refinance. In 2013, OEH will have approximately $133,256,000 of scheduled debt repayments including capital lease payments.  Additionally, OEH’s capital commitments at December 31, 2011 amounted to $15,432,000.

 

OEH expects to fund its working capital requirements, debt service and capital expenditure commitments for the foreseeable future from operating cash flow, available committed borrowing facilities, issuing new debt or equity securities, rescheduling loan repayments or capital commitments, and disposing of non-core assets and developed real estate. During 2010, for example, OEH refinanced bank loans having total principal amounts outstanding of $374,400,000 (at December 31, 2010 exchange rates) and publicly offered and sold in the United States new class A common shares of the Company raising total net proceeds of $248,052,000.  See “Liquidity” in Item 7—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

 

However, OEH can give no assurance that additional sources of financing for its unfunded commitments will be available on commercially acceptable terms, or available at all, or that OEH will be able to refinance maturing debt or to reschedule loan repayments or capital commitments, or that other cash-saving steps management may take to enhance OEH’s liquidity and capital position will bridge any shortfall.  If additional sources of financing are unavailable, including because of possible future breach of loan financial covenants, OEH may be unable to fund its cash requirements for working capital, commitments and debt service.

 

Covenants in OEH’s financing agreements could be breached or could limit management’s discretion in operating OEH’s businesses, causing OEH to make less advantageous business decisions; OEH’s indebtedness is collateralized by substantially all of its properties.

 

OEH has 17 loan facilities with commercial banks. There are three facilities which have outstanding principal amounts in excess of $50,000,000 and nine with outstanding principal amounts greater than $10,000,000 but less than $50,000,000, and the remainder has less than $10,000,000 outstanding per facility.  Most of these loan facilities relate to specific hotel or other properties and are secured by a mortgage on the particular property.  In most cases, the Company is either the borrower or the subsidiary owning the property is the borrower and the loan is guaranteed by the Company.

 

The loan facilities generally place restrictions on the property-owning company’s ability to incur additional debt and limit liens, and to effect mergers and asset sales, and include financial covenants.  Where the property-owning subsidiary is the borrower, the financial covenants relate to the financial performance of the property financed and generally include covenants relating to interest coverage, debt service, and loan-to-value and debt-to-EBITDA ratio tests. Most of the facilities under which the Company is the borrower or the guarantor also contain financial covenants which are based on OEH’s performance on a consolidated basis.  The covenants include a quarterly interest coverage test and a quarterly net worth test.

 

If OEH fails to comply with the restrictions in present or future financing agreements, a default may occur.  A default could allow the creditors to accelerate the related debt as well as any other debt which contains cross-default provisions.  A default could also allow the creditors to foreclose on the properties collateralizing the debt.

 

At December 31, 2011, one OEH subsidiary was out of compliance with financial covenants in a $2,900,000 loan facility.  This non-compliance is expected to be rectified in early 2012.

 

In addition, at December 31, 2011, three unconsolidated joint venture companies were out of compliance with financial covenants in their loan facilities as follows (see Note 5 to the Financial Statements):

 

·                 the unconsolidated Peru hotels joint venture company, in which OEH has a 50% interest, was out of compliance at December 31, 2011 with the debt-service-coverage ratio in a loan facility of the joint venture amounting to $20,011,000.  Subsequent to December 31, 2011, a waiver of this non-compliance was received by the borrower.  This loan is non-recourse to and not credit-supported by OEH while it remains a 50% owner of the joint venture;

 

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·                  the unconsolidated Peru rail joint venture in which OEH has a 50% interest was out of compliance with a leverage covenant in a loan of $9,052,000 and a debt-service-coverage ratio in a loan of $9,075,000. The loan of $9,052,000 is guaranteed by the Company. Discussions with the banks are ongoing to bring the joint venture back into compliance.  The $9,075,000 loan is non-recourse to and not credit supported by OEH while it remains a 50% owner of the joint venture; and

 

·                 the Hotel Ritz, Madrid, 50% owned by OEH, was out of compliance with the debt-service-coverage ratio in its first mortgage loan facility amounting to $88,926,000.  Although the loan is otherwise non-recourse to and not credit-supported by OEH or its joint venture partner in the hotel, they provided separate partial guarantees of €7,500,000 ($9,736,000) each, as of December 31, 2011.  Subsequent to December 31, 2011, a six-month waiver of this non-compliance was received by the borrower.

 

OEH recognizes the risk that a property-specific or group consolidated loan covenant could be breached.  OEH regularly prepares cash flow projections which are used to forecast covenant compliance under all loan facilities.  If there is any likelihood of potential non-compliance with a covenant, OEH takes proactive steps to meet with the lending bank to seek an amendment to, or a waiver of, the financial covenant at risk.  Obtaining an amendment or waiver may result in an increase in the borrowing costs.  If a covenant breach occurred in a material loan facility and OEH was unable to agree with its bankers how the particular financial covenant should be amended or how the breach could be cured or waived, OEH’s liquidity would be materially adversely affected.

 

Many of OEH’s bank loan facilities include cross-default provisions under which a failure to pay principal or interest by the borrower or guarantor under other indebtedness in excess of a specified threshold amount would cause a default under the facilities.  Under OEH’s largest loan facility, the specified cross-default threshold amount is $25,000,000.

 

In order to assure that OEH has sufficient liquidity in the future, OEH’s cash flow projections and available funds are discussed with the Company’s board of directors and OEH’s advisors to consider the most appropriate way to develop OEH’s capital structure and generate additional sources of liquidity. The options available to OEH will depend on the current economic and financial environment and OEH’s continued compliance with financial covenants. Options currently available to OEH include increasing the leverage on certain under-leveraged assets, issuing equity or debt instruments and disposing of non-core assets and sales of developed real estate.

 

OEH can give no assurance that its loan facility lenders would agree to modify any affected covenant, which could impact OEH’s ability to fund its cash requirements for working capital, commitments and debt service and could cause an event of default under any affected loan facility.

 

OEH’s substantial indebtedness could adversely affect its financial health.

 

OEH has a large amount of debt in its capital structure and may incur additional debt from time to time.  As of December 31, 2011, OEH’s consolidated long-term indebtedness was $543,888,000 (including the current portion). Long-term indebtedness of OEH’s consolidated variable interest entities was $90,529,000. This substantial indebtedness could:

 

·                  require OEH to dedicate much of its cash flow from operations to debt service payments, and so reduce the availability of cash flow to fund working capital, capital expenditures, product and service development and other general corporate purposes,

 

·                  limit OEH’s ability to obtain additional financing for its business,

 

·                  increase OEH’s vulnerability to adverse economic and industry conditions, including the seasonality of some of OEH’s activities, or

 

·                  limit OEH’s flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in its business and industry as well as the economy generally.

 

OEH must also repay or refinance its indebtedness in the future.  Although OEH may seek to refinance its indebtedness, OEH may be unable to obtain refinancing on satisfactory terms.  OEH’s failure to repay indebtedness when due may result in a default under that indebtedness and cause cross-defaults under other OEH indebtedness. See “Liquidity” in Item 7—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

 

Increases in interest rates may increase OEH’s interest payment obligations under its existing floating rate debt, and refinanced debt may have higher interest rates that the debt refinanced.

 

After taking into account OEH’s fixed interest rate swaps, approximately 47% of OEH’s consolidated long-term debt at December 31, 2011 bears interest that fluctuates with prevailing interest rates, so that any rate increases may increase OEH’s interest payment obligations.  From time to time, OEH enters into hedging transactions in order to manage its floating interest rate exposure, but OEH can give no assurance that those hedges will lessen the impact on OEH of rising interest rates. Also, as OEH refinances its long-term debt with new debt, the interest payable on the new debt may be at a higher rate than the debt refinanced.

 

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Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates may have a material adverse effect on OEH’s financial statements.

 

Substantial portions of OEH’s revenue and expenses are denominated in non-U.S. currencies such as European euros, British pounds sterling, Russian rubles, South African rand, Australian dollars, Peruvian nuevos soles, Botswana pula, Brazilian reals, Mexican pesos and various Southeast Asian currencies.  In addition, OEH buys assets and incurs liabilities in these foreign currencies.  Foreign exchange rate fluctuations may have a material adverse effect on OEH’s financial statements.

 

OEH’s financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars and can be impacted by foreign exchange fluctuations through both:

 

·                  translation risk, which is the risk that the financial statements for a particular period or as of a certain date depend on the prevailing exchange rates of the various currencies against the U.S. dollar, and

 

·                  transaction risk, which is the risk that the currency of costs and liabilities fluctuates in relation to the currency of revenue and assets, which fluctuations may adversely affect OEH’s operating margins.

 

OEH’s ability to pay dividends on the class A common shares is limited.

 

OEH paid quarterly cash dividends on the Company’s class A and B common shares in the amount of $0.025 per share in 2004 through 2008 but suspended dividends beginning in 2009.  OEH can give no assurance that it will be able to resume dividend payments in the future because of debt repayment requirements, a downturn to OEH’s business or other reasons.

 

Under the law of Bermuda where the Company is incorporated, it may not pay dividends or make other distributions on the class A and B common shares if there are reasonable grounds for believing that the Company is, or after the payment would be, unable to pay its liabilities as they become due, or if the realizable value of OEH’s assets is less than the aggregate of its liabilities, issued share capital and “share premium accounts” (share premium is defined as the amount of shareholders’ equity over and above the aggregate par value of issued shares).  OEH can give no assurance that the Company will not be restricted by Bermuda law from paying dividends.

 

OEH is subject to accounting regulations and uses certain accounting estimates and judgments that may differ significantly from actual results.

 

Implementation of existing and future standards and rules of the U.S. Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) or other regulatory bodies could affect the presentation of OEH’s financial statements and related disclosures.  Future regulatory requirements could significantly change OEH’s current accounting practices and disclosures.  These changes in the presentation of OEH’s financial statements and related disclosures could change an investor’s interpretation or perception of OEH’s financial position and results of operations.

 

OEH uses many methods, estimates and judgments in applying its accounting policies.  By their nature, these are subject to substantial risks, uncertainties and assumptions, and factors may arise over time that lead OEH to change its methods, estimates and judgments which could significantly affect the presentation of OEH’s results of operations.

 

As an example of these estimates and judgments, OEH evaluates goodwill at least annually, or when triggering events or changes in circumstances, such as adverse changes in the industry or economic trends or an underperformance relative to historical or projected future operating results, indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable.  OEH’s impairment analysis incorporates various assumptions and uncertainties that management believes are reasonable and supportable considering all available evidence, such as the future cash flows of the business, future growth rates and the related discount rates.  However, these assumptions and uncertainties are, by their very nature, highly judgmental.  OEH cannot guarantee that its business will achieve the forecasted results which have been included in its impairment analysis.  If OEH is unable to meet these assumptions in future reporting periods, it may be required to record a further charge in a future statement of operations for goodwill impairment losses, in addition to the impairment charges on continuing operations of $12,422,000 in 2011, $5,895,000 in 2010 and $6,287,000 in 2009.

 

OEH has a material weakness in its internal control over financial reporting related to its tax accounting.  If OEH fails to establish and maintain proper and effective internal controls, its ability to produce accurate financial statements could be impaired, which could adversely affect OEH’s operating results, and investor, supplier and customer confidence in its reported financial information.

 

As described in Item 9A—Controls and Procedures, during the fourth quarter of 2011, management determined that OEH had a material weakness in its system of internal control over financial reporting. A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control that results in a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of OEH’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.  Specifically, OEH did not maintain effective controls over the preparation and review of the calculations and related supporting documentation for certain deferred tax assets and liabilities and its current and deferred tax expense. As a result, there were errors in the tax accounts in the preliminary consolidated financial statements that were corrected prior to issuance of OEH’s consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2011.  While OEH

 

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has taken steps to remediate this material weakness, it has not yet fully implemented its remediation plan.  Until this material weakness is fully remediated, it could lead to errors in OEH’s reported financial results and could have a material adverse effect on OEH’s operations, investor, supplier and customer confidence in its reported financial information and the trading price of OEH’s class A common shares.

Risks of Investing in Class A Common Shares

 

The Company is not restricted from issuing additional class A or class B common shares, and any sales could negatively affect the trading price and book value of the class A common shares outstanding.

 

The Company may in its discretion sell newly issued class A or B common shares from time to time in the future.    There can be no assurance that the Company will not make significant sales of class A or B common shares in public offerings or private placements to raise capital, for funding future acquisitions, in employee equity compensation programs or for other corporate purposes.  Any sales could materially and adversely affect the trading price of the class A shares outstanding or result in dilution of the ownership interests of existing shareholders.

 

The price of the class A common shares may fluctuate significantly, which may make it difficult for shareholders to sell the class A common shares when they want or at desired prices.

 

The price of the class A shares on the New York Stock Exchange constantly changes.  OEH management expects that the market price of the class A shares will continue to fluctuate.  Holders of class A shares will be subject to the risk of volatility and depressed prices.

 

The price of class A shares can fluctuate as a result of a variety of factors, many of which are beyond OEH’s control.  These factors include:

 

·                  quarterly variations in operating results,

 

·                  operating results that vary from the expectations of management, securities analysts and investors,

 

·                  changes in expectations as to future financial performance, including financial estimates by securities analysts and investors,

 

·                  developments generally affecting OEH’s business or the hospitality industry,

 

·                  market speculation about a potential acquisition of OEH or all or part of its business,

 

·                  announcements by OEH or its competitors of significant contracts, acquisitions, joint ventures or capital commitments,

 

·                  announcements by third parties of significant claims or proceedings against OEH,

 

·                  the dividend policy for the class A and B common shares,

 

·                  future sales of equity or equity-linked securities including by holders of large positions in the outstanding class A common shares, and

 

·                  general domestic and international economic conditions.

 

In addition, the stock market in general can experience volatility that is often unrelated to the operating performance of a particular company.  This volatility can arise, for example, because of disruption in capital markets and contraction of credit availability, and can be significant.  These broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of the class A shares.

 

Investors in an offering of class A common shares by the Company may pay a much higher price than the book value of the outstanding class A common shares.

 

If investors purchase class A shares in an offering by the Company, they may incur immediate and substantial dilution representing the difference between OEH’s net book value and the as-adjusted net book value per share after giving effect to the offering price.  The Company may also in the future issue additional class A shares in connection with compensation of OEH’s management, future acquisitions, future public offerings or private placements of class A shares for capital raising purposes or for other business purposes, all of which may result in the dilution of the ownership interests of holders of outstanding class A shares.  Issuance of additional class A shares may also create downward pressure on the trading price of outstanding class A shares that may in turn require the Company to issue additional shares to raise funds through sales of its securities.  This may further dilute the ownership interests of holders of outstanding class A shares.

 

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OEH may have broad discretion over the use of the net proceeds from any offering of class A common shares.

 

OEH may have broad discretion as to the use of the proceeds from any offering by the Company of its class A shares.  Accordingly, investors would be relying on the judgment of the Company’s board of directors and OEH’s management with regard to the use of these net proceeds, and may not have the opportunity, as part of the investment decision, to assess whether the proceeds are being used appropriately.  It is possible that the proceeds will be invested in a way that does not yield a favorable, or any, return for OEH.

 

A subsidiary of the Company, which has two Company directors on its board of directors, may control the outcome of most matters submitted to a vote of the Company’s shareholders.

 

A wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, Orient-Express Holdings 1 Ltd. (“Holdings”), currently holds all 18,044,478 outstanding class B common shares in the Company representing about 64% of the combined voting power of class A and B common shares for most matters submitted to a vote of shareholders, and the directors and officers of the Company hold class A shares representing an additional 0.3% of combined voting power.  In general, holders of class A common shares and holders of class B common shares vote together as a single class, with holders of class A shares having one-tenth of one vote per share and holders of class B shares having one vote per share.  Therefore, as long as the number of outstanding class B shares exceeds one-tenth the number of outstanding class A shares, Holdings could control the outcome of most matters submitted to a vote of the shareholders.

 

Under Bermuda law, common shares of the Company owned by Holdings are outstanding and may be voted by Holdings.  The manner in which Holdings votes its shares is determined by the four directors of Holdings, two of whom, John D. Campbell and Prudence M. Leith, are also directors of the Company, consistently with the exercise by those directors of their fiduciary duties to Holdings.  Those directors, should they choose to act together, will be able to control substantially all matters affecting the Company, and to block a number of matters relating to any potential change of control of the Company.  See Item 12—Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.

 

Certain institutional shareholders representing two hedge fund groups challenged the Company’s corporate governance structure as it relates to the ownership and voting of class B common shares, including by proposing shareholder resolutions to amend the Company’s bye-laws to treat the class B shares as “treasury shares” with no voting rights and to cancel the class B shares.  Those resolutions were rejected at the October 10, 2008 special general meeting of shareholders of the Company by a majority of the votes of the outstanding class A and class B common shares, voting together as a single class. Following the defeat of the resolutions at the special general meeting, these shareholders filed a petition in the Supreme Court of Bermuda on January 12, 2009 against the Company, Holdings and certain of the Company’s directors seeking similar and related relief, including a declaration that the Company holding or voting class B shares, directly or indirectly, was unlawful and an order restraining Holdings from exercising its voting rights attached to the class B shares.  After a trial on preliminary issues relating to the legality of the holding of class B shares in the Company by Holdings, the Court ruled on June 1, 2010 that it is lawful for Holdings to hold and exercise voting rights in respect of class B shares in the Company held by Holdings and struck out the petition in its entirety.  The Court also awarded the respondents their defense costs incurred in the proceedings.  The foregoing description of the Court’s judgment does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the judgment, which the Company filed as Exhibit 99.1 to its Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 1, 2010 on the front cover and is incorporated herein by reference.

 

The corporate governance structure of the Company, with dual class A and B common shares and ownership and voting of the class B shares by Holdings, has been analyzed by legal counsel, and the Company’s board of directors and management believe that the structure is valid under Bermuda law.  The judgment of the Bermuda Supreme Court on June 1, 2010 confirms this belief.  The structure enables OEH to oppose any proposals that are contrary to the best interests of the Company and its shareholders, including coercive or unfair offers to acquire the Company, and thus preserve the value of OEH for all shareholders.  The structure has been in place since the Company’s initial public offering in 2000, and has been fully described in the Company’s public filings and clearly disclosed to investors considering buying the class A common shares.

 

However, new litigation against the Company involving its corporate governance structure or other future challenges may occur, the outcome of which may be uncertain.  Furthermore, new litigation or future challenges may cause the Company to incur additional costs, such as legal expenses, to defend its corporate governance structure and these costs may be substantial in amount.

 

Provisions in the Company’s charter documents, and the preferred share purchase rights currently attached to the class A and class B common shares, may discourage a potential acquisition of OEH, even one that the holders of a majority of the class A common shares might favor.

 

The Company’s memorandum of association and bye-laws contain provisions that could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire OEH or to engage in another form of transaction involving a change of control of the Company without the consent of the Company’s board of directors.  These provisions include:

 

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·                  a supermajority shareholder voting provision for the removal of directors from office with or without cause,

 

·                  a supermajority shareholder voting provision for “business combination” transactions with beneficial owners of shares carrying 15% or more of the votes which may be cast at any general meeting of shareholders, and

 

·                  limitations on the voting rights of such 15% beneficial owners.

 

Also, the Company’s board of directors has the right under Bermuda law to issue preferred shares without shareholder approval, which could be done to dilute the share ownership of a potential hostile acquirer.  Although management believes these provisions provide the shareholders an opportunity to receive a higher price by requiring potential acquirers to negotiate with the Company’s board of directors, these provisions apply even if the offer is favored by shareholders holding a majority of the Company’s equity.

 

The Company has in place a shareholder rights agreement providing for rights to purchase series A junior participating preferred shares of the Company.  The rights are not currently exercisable, and they are attached to and transferable with the class A and B common shares on a one-to-one basis.  These rights may have anti-takeover effects on a potential acquirer holding 15% or more of the outstanding class A or B common shares.

 

These anti-takeover provisions are in addition to the ability of Holdings and directors and officers of the Company to vote shares representing a significant majority of the total voting power of the Company’s common shares. See the risk factor immediately above.

 

A judgment of a United States court for liabilities under U.S. securities laws might not be enforceable in Bermuda, or an original action might not be brought in Bermuda against the Company for liabilities under U.S. securities laws.

 

The Company is incorporated in Bermuda, a majority of its directors and officers are residents of Bermuda, Europe and Singapore, and most of its assets and the assets of its directors and officers are located outside the United States.  As a result, it may be difficult for shareholders to:

 

·                  effect service of process within the United States upon the Company or its directors and officers, or

 

·                  enforce judgments obtained in United States courts against the Company or its directors and officers based upon the civil liability provisions of the United States federal securities laws.

 

OEH has been advised by its Bermuda legal counsel that there is doubt as to:

 

·                  whether a judgment of a United States court based solely upon the civil liability provisions of the United States federal securities laws would be enforceable in Bermuda against the Company or its directors and officers, and

 

·                  whether an original action could be brought in Bermuda against the Company or its directors and officers to enforce liabilities based solely upon the United States federal securities laws.

 

ITEM 1B.

Unresolved Staff Comments

 

None.

 

ITEM 2.

Properties

 

OEH owns 33 hotels worldwide (including nine under long-term lease), four European tourist trains, its river cruise ship in Myanmar and five small French canal boats, and one stand-alone restaurant in the United States, and owns interests of 50% or less in seven hotels in Peru, Spain and the U.S. (including four under long-term lease), its Southeast Asian tourist train and Peru Rail, all as described in Item 1—Business above.  Of the hotels, one is closed and under contract to be sold in 2012, and two others are under redevelopment and are expected to open in 2012 or early 2013.  The small regional sales, marketing and operating offices of the hotels, tourist trains and cruise businesses are occupied under operating leases.

 

ITEM 3.

Legal Proceedings

 

There are no material legal proceedings, other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to OEH’s business, to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or to which any of their property is subject.

 

ITEM 4.

Mine Safety Disclosure

 

None.

 

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PART II

 

ITEM 5.

Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

 

The class A common shares of the Company are traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol OEH.  All of the class B common shares of the Company are owned by a subsidiary of the Company and are not listed.  See Item 12—Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.  The following table presents the quarterly high and low sales prices of a class A common share in 2011 and 2010 as reported for New York Stock Exchange composite transactions:

 

 

 

2011

 

2010

 

 

 

High

 

Low

 

High

 

Low

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

First quarter

 

$

14.24

 

$

11.44

 

$

14.31

 

$

9.71

 

Second quarter

 

12.58

 

9.66

 

15.54

 

7.35

 

Third quarter

 

11.42

 

6.50

 

11.60

 

6.80

 

Fourth quarter

 

9.05

 

6.02

 

13.10

 

10.56

 

 

The Company paid no cash dividends in 2011 and 2010.

 

The Islands of Bermuda where the Company is incorporated have no applicable government fiscal or monetary laws, decrees or regulations which restrict the export or import of capital or affect the payment of dividends or other distributions to nonresident holders of the class A and B common shares of the Company or which subject United States holders to taxes.

 

At February 17, 2012, the number of record holders of the class A common shares of the Company was approximately 60.

 

During 2011, the Company made no offering of its class A common shares that was not registered in the United States.  Also, during the fourth quarter of 2011, no purchases of the Company’s common shares were made by or on behalf of the Company or any affiliated person.

 

Information responding to Item 201(d) and (e) of SEC Regulation S-K is omitted because the Company is a “foreign private issuer” as defined in SEC Rule 3b-4 under the 1934 Act.

 

ITEM 6.

Selected Financial Data

 

Orient-Express Hotels Ltd. and Subsidiaries

 

 

 

2011
$’000

 

2010
$’000

 

2009
$’000

 

2008
$’000

 

2007
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Revenue

 

588,559

 

561,142

 

440,602

 

483,177

 

505,180

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Impairments (1)

 

(59,120

)

(37,967

)

(6,500

)

(28,262

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gain on disposal of fixed assets (2)

 

16,544

 

 

1,385

 

 

2,312

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Earnings from unconsolidated companies, net of tax

 

4,357

 

2,258

 

4,183

 

16,771

 

16,425

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net (losses)/earnings from continuing operations

 

(65,460

)

(60,570

)

(18,959

)

7,680

 

53,316

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Losses from discontinued operations, net of tax (3)

 

(22,136

)

(2,010

)

(49,778

)

(34,034

)

(19,461

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net (losses)/earnings

 

(87,596

)

(62,580

)

(68,737

)

(26,354

)

33,855

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net losses attributable to non-controlling interests

 

(184

)

(179

)

(60

)

(197

)

(213

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net losses attributable to Orient-Express Hotels Ltd.

 

(87,780

)

(62,759

)

(68,797

)

(26,551

)

(33,642

)

 

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2011
$

 

2010
$

 

2009
$

 

2008
$

 

2007
$

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic (losses)/earnings per share:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net (losses)/earnings from continuing operations

 

(0.64

)

(0.66

)

(0.28

)

0.17

 

1.26

 

Net losses from discontinued operations

 

(0.22

)

(0.02

)

(0.73

)

(0.78

)

(0.46

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net (losses)/ earnings

 

(0.86

)

(0.68

)

(1.01

)

(0.61

)

0.80

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Diluted (losses)/earnings per share:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net (losses)/earnings from continuing operations

 

(0.64

)

(0.66

)

(0.28

)

0.17

 

1.25

 

Net losses from discontinued operations

 

(0.22

)

(0.02

)

(0.73

)

(0.78

)

(0.46

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net (losses)/earnings

 

(0.86

)

(0.68

)

(1.01

)

(0.61

)

0.79

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Dividends per share

 

 

 

 

0.10

 

0.10

 

 

 

 

2011
$’000

 

2010
$’000

 

2009
$’000

 

2008
$’000

 

2007
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total assets

 

1,930,869

 

2,137,714

 

2,072,690

 

2,068,796

 

1,988,437

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Long-term obligations

 

634,417

 

728,445

 

809,079

 

788,867

 

713,437

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Shareholders’ equity

 

950,330

 

1,064,973

 

878,709

 

782,598

 

846,777

 

 


(1)

The impairments in 2008 consisted of impairment of goodwill at Le Manoir aux Quat’Saisons of $5,270,000, and impairment of the equity investment in Hotel Ritz in Madrid of $22,992,000. The impairments in 2009 consisted of impairment of goodwill and intangible assets at Miraflores Park Hotel, Casa de Sierra Nevada and Observatory Hotel amounting to $6,500,000. The impairments in 2010 consisted of impairment of real estate assets at Porto Cupecoy of $24,616,000, impairment of property, plant and equipment related to the New York hotel project of $6,386,000, impairment of goodwill at La Samanna and Napasai of $5,895,000 and impairment of other intangible assets of O.E. Interactive Ltd. and Luxurytravel.com UK Ltd. of $1,070,000. The impairments in 2011 consisted of impairment of real estate assets at Porto Cupecoy of $36,868,000, impairment of property, plant and equipment at Casa de Sierra Nevada and Porto Cupecoy of $9,830,000, and impairment of goodwill at Maroma Resort and Spa, Mount Nelson Hotel, Westcliff Hotel and La Residencia of $12,422,000.

 

 

(2) 

The gain in 2007 related to the gain on the settlement of insurance proceeds for hurricane-damaged assets at Maroma Resort and Spa.  The 2009 gain is related to settlement of insurance proceeds for cyclone-damaged assets on the Road to Mandalay ship. The 2011 gain is related to the assignment of OEH’s purchase and development agreements for its proposed New York hotel project in April 2011, along with the exercise of a call option by the assignee for excess development rights of the ‘21’ Club restaurant.

 

 

(3)

The results of Lapa Palace Hotel, Windsor Court Hotel, Lilianfels Blue Mountains, Bora Bora Lagoon Resort, Hôtel de la Cité, La Cabana and Keswick Hall have been presented as discontinued operations for all periods presented.  Included in the loss from discontinued operations are goodwill and fixed asset impairment losses of $26,084,000 in 2011, $6,284,000 in 2010, $53,784,000 in 2009, $15,616,000 in 2008 and $13,992,000 in 2007, gain on sales of Hôtel de la Cité in 2011 of $2,182,000 and Lapa Palace Hotel and Windsor Court Hotel in 2009 of $3,737,000, insurance loss at Windsor Court Hotel in 2009 of $2,883,000 and an insurance gain at Bora Bora Lagoon Resort in 2010 of $5,750,000, partly offset by restructuring costs of $2,187,000.

 

See notes to consolidated financial statements (Item 8).

 

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ITEM 7.                             Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 

The following discussion includes references to non-GAAP financial measures.  OEH presents these measures because it believes they are of interest to the investment community by providing additional meaningful methods of evaluating certain aspects of OEH’s operating performance from period to period that may not otherwise be apparent on the basis of U.S. GAAP.  These financial measures should be viewed in addition to, and not in lieu of, OEH’s consolidated financial statements for the fiscal years presented in this report.

 

Introduction

 

OEH has three business segments: (1) hotels and restaurants, (2) tourist trains and cruises and (3) real estate and property development.

 

Hotels in 2011 consisted of 41 deluxe hotels (excluding Hôtel de la Cité which was sold on August 1, 2011), 35 of which were wholly or majority owned or, in case of Charleston Place Hotel, owned by a consolidated variable interest entity. Of the 35 owned hotels, two were purchased in 2010 and another one is scheduled to reopen in 2012 or early 2013 after renovation. As noted below, two other hotels were held for sale at December 31, 2011 and were accounted for as discontinued operations.  The other 33 owned hotels are referred to in this discussion as “owned hotels” of which 12 were located in Europe, six in North America and 15 in the rest of the world.

 

The other six hotels, in which OEH has unconsolidated equity interests and which it operates under management contracts, are referred to in this discussion as “hotel management interests”.  One of these hotels is scheduled to open in 2012 after redevelopment.

 

OEH currently owns and operates the stand-alone restaurant ‘21’ Club in New York, New York.

 

The hotels held for sale at December 31, 2011 were Bora Bora Lagoon Resort in French Polynesia and Keswick Hall in Charlottesville, Virginia. The sale of Keswick Hall was completed on January 23, 2012.  During 2011, OEH sold Hôtel de la Cité in Carcassonne, France. In addition, during 2010, OEH sold La Cabana restaurant in Buenos Aires, Argentina and Lilianfels Blue Mountains in New South Wales, Australia and, during 2009, OEH sold Lapa Palace Hotel in Lisbon, Portugal and Windsor Court Hotel in New Orleans, Louisiana.  None of these properties was considered a long-term fit with OEH’s portfolio and strategy.  Accordingly, the results of Bora Bora Lagoon Resort, Keswick Hall, Hôtel de la Cité, Lapa Palace, Windsor Court Hotel, Lilianfels Blue Mountains, and La Cabana restaurant have been reflected as discontinued operations for all periods presented.

 

OEH’s tourist trains and cruises segment operates six tourist trains — four of which are owned and operated by OEH, one in which OEH has an equity interest and an exclusive management contract, and one in which OEH has an equity investment — and a river cruise ship and five canal boats.

 

OEH’s active real estate projects are in St. Martin, French West Indies and Koh Samui, Thailand. A third project, a residential development adjoining Keswick Hall, was sold with the hotel in January 2012.

 

In 2011, 86% of OEH’s revenue was derived from the hotels and restaurants segment, 13% from tourist trains and cruises and 1% from real estate.  In the hotels and restaurants segment, 96% of revenue was from owned hotels, 3% from restaurants and 1% from hotel management interests.

 

Revenue per available room, or RevPAR, is a performance indicator used widely within the hotel industry as it is a function of the average daily rate, or ADR, achieved for the rooms sold and average occupancy, being the rooms sold as a proportion of the rooms available to be sold.  ADR on its own gives no indication of the relative occupancy of the hotel and could be shown as increasing while the number of rooms sold had fallen, resulting in a reduction in rooms revenue over a prior period.

 

In 2011, OEH saw same store RevPAR growth of 15% in U.S. dollars and 13% in local currency. Average occupancy was 59% and ADR was $444. In 2010, same store RevPAR increased 11% in both U.S. dollars and local currency. Average occupancy was 56% and ADR was $406.

 

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OEH’s long-term strategy to grow its business includes:

 

·                  RevPAR growth:  the unique nature of OEH’s individual properties and the avoidance of a chain brand have historically enabled OEH to charge premium rates for rooms;

 

·                  Expansion of hotels:  the returns on investment by adding new rooms or other facilities to a hotel are high as the incremental operating costs are low;

 

·                  Acquisitions and management contracts:  OEH looks to invest in unique properties at reasonable prices with expansion potential and near-term upside potential in earnings through increasing room rates and/or reducing costs, including entering into contracts to manage hotels that meet OEH’s selection criteria;

 

·                  Trains and cruises: increasing the utilization of its tourist trains and cruises by adding departures;

 

·                  Brands: increasing awareness of the “Orient-Express” brand in both established and new markets while maintaining the strengths of OEH’s local property brands; and

 

·                  Dispositions: disposing of underperforming assets to reduce leverage and redeploy the capital in properties with higher potential returns.

 

Revenue and Expenses

 

OEH derives revenue from owned hotel operations primarily from the sale of rooms and the provision of food and beverages.  The main factors for analyzing rooms revenue are the number of room nights sold and the ADR, and RevPAR referred to above which is a measure of both these factors.

 

Revenue from restaurants is derived from food and beverages sold to customers.

 

Revenue from hotel management interests includes fees received under management contracts, which are based upon a combination of a percentage of the revenue from operations and operating earnings calculated before specified fixed charges.

 

The revenue from the tourist trains and cruises segment primarily comprises tickets sold for travel and food and beverage sales.

 

The revenue from real estate and property development is primarily derived from the sale of land and buildings.

 

Cost of services includes labor, repairs and maintenance, energy and the costs of food and beverages sold to customers in respect of owned hotel operations, restaurants, tourist trains and cruises.

 

Selling, general and administrative expenses include travel agents’ commissions, the salaries and related costs of the sales teams, advertising and public relations costs, and the salaries and related costs of management.

 

Depreciation and amortization includes depreciation of owned hotels, restaurants, tourist trains and the cruise ship and canal boats.

 

When OEH discusses results for a period on a “comparable” or “same store” basis, OEH is considering only the results of hotels owned and operated throughout the periods mentioned and excluding the effect of any acquisitions, dispositions (including discontinued operations), closed periods or major refurbishments.

 

Impact of Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Movements

 

As reported below in the comparisons of the 2011, 2010 and 2009 financial years under “Results of Operations”, OEH has exposure arising from the impact of translating its global foreign currency earnings and expenses into U.S. dollars. Ten of OEH’s owned hotels in 2011 operated in European euros, two operated in South African rand, one in Australian dollars, one in British pounds sterling, three in Botswana pula, one in Mexican pesos, one in Peruvian nuevo soles, six in various Southeast Asian currencies and one in Russian rubles. Revenue of the Venice Simplon-Orient-Express, British Pullman, Northern Belle and Royal Scotsman tourist trains was primarily in British pounds sterling, but the operating costs of the Venice Simplon-Orient-Express were mainly denominated in euros. Revenue of the Copacabana Palace and Hotel das Cataratas in Brazil was earned in U.S. dollars, but substantially all of the hotels’ expenses were denominated in Brazilian reals. Revenue derived by Maroma Resort and Spa and La Samanna was recorded in U.S. dollars, but the majority of the hotels’ expenses were denominated in Mexican pesos and European euros, respectively.

 

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Except for the specific instances described above, OEH’s properties match foreign currency earnings and costs to provide a natural hedge against currency movements. The reporting of OEH’s revenue and costs translated into U.S. dollars, however, can be materially affected by foreign exchange rate fluctuations from period to period.

 

Market Capitalization

 

The Company’s class A common share price decreased during 2011 from $12.99 at December 31, 2010 to $7.47 at December 31, 2011, and OEH’s market capitalization decreased from $1.33 billion at December 31, 2010 to $767 million at December 31, 2011. OEH does not believe that a change in its share price or market capitalization is indicative of any unrecorded impairment in the carrying value of OEH’s assets. OEH’s fixed assets are carried in the balance sheet on a historical depreciated cost basis, and OEH management performs impairment tests on all long-lived assets. OEH management believes the aggregate market value of these assets exceeds their carrying value, in part because many of OEH’s assets were acquired many years ago.

 

Asset and Investment Impairments

 

OEH regularly compares the carrying value of its property, plant and equipment and goodwill to its own undiscounted and discounted cash flow projections, in order to determine whether any of these assets are impaired.  OEH also periodically obtains third-party valuations of property, plant and equipment to comply with bank loan requirements. The impairments described below had no direct cash effect on OEH.

 

At December 31, 2011, OEH completed its annual goodwill impairment review and identified and recorded goodwill impairments of $12.4 million within its continuing operations, comprised of $7.9 million at Maroma Resort and Spa (mainly due to security concerns in Mexico causing occupancy not to recover as quickly as other OEH hotels), $2.8 million at La Residencia (mainly due to the effect of ongoing economic factors in Spain affecting the tourist market in Mallorca), $1.2 million at Mount Nelson Hotel and $0.5 million at Westcliff Hotel (with both South African hotels currently earning less revenue due to the absence of the World Cup football tournament in 2010 and increased competition in Cape Town and Johannesburg).  At December 31, 2010, OEH did not identify any goodwill impairments during its annual impairment review.  However, during 2010, OEH identified goodwill impairments of $5.9 million, comprised of $5.4 million at La Samanna and $0.5 million at Napasai.  These impairments considered discounted future cash flows prepared as of the balance sheet date or date of a triggering event if earlier. See Note 8.

 

In the year ended December 31, 2011, OEH identified a non-cash real estate asset impairment charge of $36.9 million (2010 - $24.6 million) in respect of its Porto Cupecoy development project. OEH determined that the fair value less costs to sell of assets no longer exceeded the carrying value.  The charge was computed using Level 3 inputs, namely the estimated selling prices and estimated selling costs based on OEH’s recent experience with sales of condominiums already completed.   This impairment charge principally resulted from changes in future sales estimates as a result of current economic conditions and in light of recent sales experience after completion of the project.

 

In the year ended December 31, 2011, OEH identified a non-cash property, plant and equipment charge of $23.9 million in respect of Keswick Hall, Virginia.  The carrying value was written down to the hotel’s estimated fair value.  In 2010, OEH recorded an impairment charge against the carrying value of the two model homes on the residential development adjacent to Keswick Hall.  This non-cash impairment charge of $1.6 million resulted from, primarily, a recent offer on one of the two model homes that did not exceed the carrying value of those assets. This is included within losses from discontinued operations. In January 2012, OEH sold Keswick Hall for $22.0 million.

 

Also in the year ended December 31, 2011, OEH identified a non-cash property, plant and equipment charge of $8.2 million in respect of Casa de Sierra Nevada, San Miguel de Allende, Mexico.  The carrying value was written down to the hotel’s fair value.

 

OEH completed the assignment of the purchase and development agreements relating to its proposed New York hotel project in April 2011. However, based on terms under negotiation with interested parties in 2010, OEH recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $6.4 million at December 31, 2010 on land and buildings for the capitalized pre-development expenses incurred in the project.

 

Liquidity and Financial Condition

 

As reported below under “Liquidity and Capital Resources—Liquidity”, OEH has substantial scheduled debt repayments and capital commitments in 2012 and is working to improve its liquidity and capital position.  OEH plans to utilize cash on the balance sheet and from operations, sales of non-core assets and its real estate developments, appropriate debt or equity finance or other funding sources or, if necessary, to reschedule loan repayments and capital commitments in their loan agreements. As reported, one OEH subsidiary and three unconsolidated joint ventures were out of compliance with financial covenants in their loan agreements at December 31, 2011.  It is expected that the non-compliance will be resolved

 

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with the relevant lenders.  OEH recognizes that in the current economic climate it is exposed to enhanced risk of a covenant breach under loan agreements during 2012 if weak trading conditions in the luxury hospitality business lead to a deterioration of OEH’s results.  OEH expects to take proactive steps with its bankers to resolve prospectively any likely breach.

 

Results of Operations

 

OEH’s operating results for the years 2011, 2010 and 2009, expressed as a percentage of revenue, are as follows:

 

Year ended December 31,

 

2011
%

 

2010
%

 

2009
%

 

Revenue:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hotels and restaurants

 

86

 

78

 

86

 

Tourist trains and cruises

 

13

 

11

 

13

 

Real estate and property development

 

1

 

11

 

1

 

 

 

100

 

100

 

100

 

Expenses:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Depreciation and amortization

 

8

 

8

 

9

 

Cost of services

 

47

 

54

 

48

 

Selling, general and administrative

 

39

 

33

 

36

 

Impairment of real estate assets, goodwill, other intangible assets, and property, plant and equipment

 

10

 

7

 

2

 

Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment

 

(3

)

 

 

Net finance costs

 

8

 

5

 

7

 

Losses before income taxes

 

(9

)

(7

)

(2

)

Provision for income taxes

 

(3

)

(4

)

(3

)

Earnings from unconsolidated companies

 

1

 

 

1

 

Net losses from continuing operations

 

(11

)

(11

)

(4

)

Losses from discontinued operations

 

(4

)

 

(11

)

Net losses as a percentage of revenue

 

(15

)

(11

)

(15

)

 

Segment net earnings from continuing operations before interest expense, foreign currency, tax (including tax on earnings from unconsolidated companies), depreciation and amortization (“segment EBITDA”) for the years 2011, 2010 and 2009 are analyzed as follows (dollars in millions):

 

Year ended December 31,

 

2011
$

 

2010
$

 

2009
$

 

Segment EBITDA:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Owned hotels - Europe

 

60.3

 

37.4

 

38.6

 

- North America

 

13.6

 

15.0

 

14.5

 

- Rest of World

 

35.1

 

33.4

 

25.5

 

Hotel management and part-ownership interests

 

5.3

 

2.2

 

3.0

 

Restaurants

 

(0.1

)

2.5

 

1.7

 

Tourist trains and cruises

 

20.9

 

17.4

 

20.6

 

Real estate and property development

 

(6.4

)

(4.2

)

(2.5

)

Impairment of real estate assets, goodwill, other intangible assets, and property, plant and equipment

 

(59.1

)

(38.0

)

(6.5

)

Impairment of property, plant and equipment in unconsolidated company

 

(0.6

)

 

 

Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment

 

16.5

 

 

1.4

 

Central overheads

 

(37.1

)

(26.5

)

(25.9

)

 

 

48.4

 

39.2

 

70.4

 

 

The foregoing segment EBITDA reconciles to net losses as follows (dollars in millions):

 

Year ended December 31,

 

2011
$

 

2010
$

 

2009
$

 

Net losses

 

(87.6

)

(62.6

)

(68.7

)

Add:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Depreciation and amortization

 

46.0

 

44.7

 

39.0

 

Interest expense and foreign exchange, net

 

45.4

 

28.2

 

32.1

 

Losses from discontinued operations, net of tax

 

22.1

 

2.0

 

49.8

 

Provision for income taxes

 

20.2

 

24.7

 

13.7

 

Share of provision for income taxes of unconsolidated companies

 

2.3

 

2.2

 

4.5

 

 

 

48.4

 

39.2

 

70.4

 

 

32



Table of Contents

 

Year Ended December 31, 2011 compared to Year Ended December 31, 2010

 

Operating information for OEH’s owned hotels for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 is as follows:

 

Year ended December 31,

 

2011

 

2010

 

 

 

 

 

Average Daily Rate (in dollars)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Europe

 

709

 

637

 

 

 

 

 

North America

 

336

 

324

 

 

 

 

 

Rest of the world

 

348

 

331

 

 

 

 

 

Worldwide

 

444

 

406

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Rooms Available (in thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Europe

 

287

 

280

 

 

 

 

 

North America

 

249

 

249

 

 

 

 

 

Rest of the world

 

473

 

463

 

 

 

 

 

Worldwide

 

1,009

 

992

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Rooms Sold (in thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Europe

 

164

 

139

 

 

 

 

 

North America

 

164

 

160

 

 

 

 

 

Rest of the world

 

269

 

254

 

 

 

 

 

Worldwide

 

597

 

553

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Occupancy (percentage)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Europe

 

57

 

50

 

 

 

 

 

North America

 

66

 

64

 

 

 

 

 

Rest of the world

 

57

 

55

 

 

 

 

 

Worldwide

 

59

 

56

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

RevPAR (in dollars)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Europe

 

406

 

317

 

 

 

 

 

North America

 

222

 

208

 

 

 

 

 

Rest of the world

 

198

 

182

 

 

 

 

 

Worldwide

 

263

 

226

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Change %

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Dollars

 

Local
currency

 

Same Store RevPAR (in dollars)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Europe

 

410

 

319

 

29

%

22

%

North America

 

222

 

208

 

7

%

7

%

Rest of the world

 

199

 

183

 

9

%

7

%

Worldwide

 

262

 

227

 

15

%

13

%

 

The ADR is the average amount achieved for the rooms sold.  RevPAR is revenue per available room, which is the rooms’ revenue divided by the number of available rooms.  Same store RevPAR is a comparison based on the operations of the same units in each period, by excluding the effect of any acquisitions, dispositions (including discontinued operations), closed periods or major refurbishments.  The same store data exclude the following operations:

 

Hotel Caruso Belvedere

Le Manoir aux Quat’Saisons

Grand Hotel Timeo

Napasai

Villa Sant’Andrea

 

La Residencia

 

 

Overview

 

The net loss for the year ended December 31, 2011 was $87.6 million ($0.86 per common share) on revenue of $588.6 million, compared with net loss of $62.6 million ($0.69 per common share) on revenue of $561.1 million in the prior year.

 

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Table of Contents

 

OEH’s revenue in the year ended December 31, 2011 experienced growth as business conditions in the global lodging industry continued to improve from 2010, following the global economic downturn in 2008 and 2009. The net loss in 2011 includes impairment of real estate assets, goodwill, other intangible assets, and property, plant and equipment of $59.1 million and losses from discontinued operations of $22.1 million.  Impairment of real estate assets, goodwill, other intangible assets, and property, plant and equipment was $38.0 million and losses from discontinued operations were $2.0 million in the year ended December 31, 2010.  OEH’s remaining net loss excluding impairments and discontinued operations in the year ended December 31, 2011 was $6.4 million compared with a net loss of $22.6 million in the year ended December 31, 2010.

 

Revenue

 

Year ended December 31,

 

2011
$’000

 

2010
$’000

 

Hotels and restaurants

 

 

 

 

 

Owned hotels - Europe

 

213,232

 

169,772

 

- North America

 

102,655

 

96,724

 

- Rest of World

 

166,903

 

148,778

 

Hotel management/part ownership interests

 

5,809

 

4,300

 

Restaurants

 

16,312

 

15,809

 

 

 

504,911

 

435,383

 

Tourist trains and cruises

 

75,777

 

61,740

 

Real estate

 

7,871

 

64,019

 

 

 

588,559

 

561,142

 

 

Total revenue increased by $27.5 million, or 5%, from $561.1 million in 2010 to $588.6 million in 2011.  Hotels and restaurants revenue increased by $69.5 million, or 16%, from $435.4 million in 2010 to $504.9 million in 2011. Revenue from tourist trains and cruises increased by $14.1 million, or 23%, from $61.7 million in 2010 to $75.8 million in 2011.  The increase in revenue is generally due to the continued growth from 2010 following the global economic downturn and the negative impact this had on the hotel industry in 2008 and 2009. Real estate revenue decreased by $56.1 million, from $64.0 million in 2010 to $7.9 million in 2011, primarily due to the recognition of cumulative sales of pre-sold units from Porto Cupecoy in the first quarter of 2010 upon substantial completion of the project, which resulted in the recognition of revenue and related costs for units sold and delivered.

 

Owned Hotels:  The change in revenue at owned hotels is analyzed on a regional basis as follows:

 

Europe

 

Year ended December 31,

 

2011

 

2010

 

Average daily rate (in dollars)

 

709

 

637

 

Rooms available (in thousands)

 

287

 

280

 

Rooms sold (in thousands)

 

164

 

139

 

Occupancy (percentage)

 

57

 

50

 

RevPAR (in dollars)

 

406

 

317

 

Same store RevPAR (in dollars)

 

410

 

319

 

 

Revenue increased by $43.4 million, or 26%, from $169.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 to $213.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. Improved trading conditions across Europe caused the ADR to increase by 11% from $637 in the year ended December 31, 2010 to $709 in the year ended December 31, 2011. Occupancy increased from 50% in the year ended December 31, 2010 to 57% in the year ended December 31, 2011. On a same store basis, RevPAR in local currency increased by 22% for the year ended December 31, 2011, and by 29% when measured in U.S. dollars.

 

Exchange rate movements caused revenue to increase by $9.6 million in the year ended December 31, 2011 compared with the same period in 2010.

 

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Table of Contents

 

North America

 

Year ended December 31,

 

2011

 

2010

 

Average daily rate (in dollars)

 

336

 

324

 

Rooms available (in thousands)

 

249

 

249

 

Rooms sold (in thousands)

 

164

 

160

 

Occupancy (percentage)

 

66

 

64

 

RevPAR (in dollars)

 

222

 

208

 

Same store RevPAR (in dollars)

 

222

 

208

 

 

Revenue increased by $6.0 million, or 6%, from $96.7 million in the year ended December 31, 2010 to $102.7 million in the year ended December 31, 2011. In the year ended December 31, 2011, Charleston Place hotel had a revenue increase of $4.5 million, or 9%, over the prior year, primarily from increases in ADR and occupancy.  North American ADR increased by 4% from $324 in the year ended December 31, 2010 to $336 in the year ended December 31, 2011. Occupancy increased from 64% in the year ended December 31, 2010 to 66% in the year ended December 31, 2011. On a same store basis, RevPAR increased from $208 in the year ended December 31, 2010 to $222 for the year ended December 31, 2011. This translated to an increase of 7% in both local currency and U.S. dollars.

 

Rest of the World

 

Year ended December 31,

 

2011

 

2010

 

Average daily rate (in dollars)

 

348

 

331

 

Rooms available (in thousands)

 

473

 

463

 

Rooms sold (in thousands)

 

269

 

254

 

Occupancy (percentage)

 

57

 

55

 

RevPAR (in dollars)

 

198

 

182

 

Same store RevPAR (in dollars)

 

199

 

183

 

 

Revenue increased by $18.1 million, or 12%, from $148.8 million in the year ended December 31, 2010 to $166.9 million in the year ended December 31, 2011.  Exchange rate movements were responsible for $5.6 million of the revenue increase.

 

Revenue at OEH’s hotels in South America collectively increased by $16.8 million, or 23%, from $74.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2010 to $91.0 million in the year ended December 31, 2011. In 2011, Copacabana Palace Hotel had a revenue increase of $11.0 million, or 21%, primarily from increases in occupancy, ADR and favorable exchange rate movements. Exchange rate movements in South America were responsible for $2.9 million of the revenue increase.

 

Revenue at OEH’s six Asian hotels collectively increased by $5.7 million, or 25%, from $22.6 million in the year ended December 31, 2010 to $28.3 million in the year ended December 31, 2011. Exchange rate movements across the region were responsible for $0.7 million of the revenue increase. Same store occupancy for the year increased by 5%, from 56% in the year ended December 31, 2010 to 61% for the year ended December 31, 2011. Same store ADR in U.S. dollars increased 16% from $242 in the year ended December 31, 2010 to $280 for the year ended December 31, 2011. This translated into an increase in same store RevPAR in U.S. dollars of $34, or 25%, from $137 in the year ended December 31, 2010 to $171 for the year ended December 31, 2011.

 

Southern Africa revenue decreased by $6.6 million, or 17%, from $37.8 million in the year ended December 31, 2010 to $31.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2011. This decrease was net of $0.2 million of exchange rate gains on the translation of the South African rand and Botswana pula to U.S. dollars. The revenue decrease was primarily due to the absence of the World Cup football tournament which was hosted by South Africa in 2010 and to increased competition in Cape Town and Johannesburg. Same store RevPAR in U.S. dollars for the year ended December 31, 2011 decreased 19% from $156 to $126 compared to the same period in 2010, and 20% from $157 in the year ended December 31, 2010 to $126 for the year ended December 31, 2011 when measured in local currency.

 

Revenue at OEH’s Australian hotel increased by $2.1 million, or 15%, to $16.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2011; 82% of this increase, or $1.8 million, was due to the strengthening of the Australian dollar against the U.S. dollar.

 

The ADR for the Rest of the World region on a same store basis in U.S. dollars increased from $331 in the year ended December 31, 2010 to $348 for the year ended December 31, 2011. Same store occupancy also increased from 55% to 57%, which resulted in an increase in RevPAR on a same store basis in U.S. dollars of 9% from $183 in the year ended December 31, 2010 to $199 for the year ended December 31, 2011, and 7% when measured in local currency.

 

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Table of Contents

 

Hotel Management and Part-Ownership Interests:  Revenue increased by $1.5 million, or 35%, from $4.3 million in the year ended December 31, 2010 to $5.8 million in the year ended December 31, 2011, primarily due to higher management fees from the managed hotels in Peru as they experienced improved results.

 

Restaurants:  Revenue increased by $0.5 million, or 3%, from $15.8 million in the year ended December 31, 2010 to $16.3 million in the year ended December 31, 2011, primarily due to an increase in the number of covers being served at ‘21’ Club.

 

Trains and Cruises:  Revenue increased by $14.1 million, or 23%, from $61.7 million in the year ended December 31, 2010 to $75.8 million in the year ended December 31, 2011. All businesses included within the trains and cruises segment showed increases compared to 2010, mainly from improved customer demand. The largest increase was from Venice Simplon-Orient-Express, which grew by $5.0 million, or 25%, from $19.7 million in the year ended December 31, 2010 to $24.7 million in the year ended December 31, 2011. Exchange rate movements across the segment were responsible for $2.3 million of the revenue increase.

 

Real Estate:  Fourteen condominiums were delivered to customers at Porto Cupecoy generating revenue of $7.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. Additionally, $0.6 million of income was earned from Porto Cupecoy rental operations for the year ended December 31, 2011.  As at December 31, 2011, 111 units in total were sold, which includes ten new sales contracts signed in the year. There was no real estate revenue at Napasai, Koh Samui, Thailand in the year ended December 31, 2011.  In the year ended December 31, 2010, 95 condominiums were delivered to customers at Porto Cupecoy generating revenue of $64.0 million.

 

Depreciation and amortization

 

Depreciation and amortization increased by $1.3 million, or 3%, from $44.7 million in the year ended December 31, 2010 to $46.0 million in the year ended December 31, 2011.

 

Cost of services

 

Cost of services decreased by $25.0 million, or 8%, from $302.5 million in the year ended December 31, 2010 to $277.5 million in the year ended December 31, 2011. In 2010, cost of services included charges of $64.0 million in respect of Porto Cupecoy, principally due to delivery of units under previously contracted sales. The equivalent expense in 2011 was $7.3 million.  Excluding Porto Cupecoy, cost of services increased by $31.7 million. Exchange rate movements were responsible for $8.2 million of the total increase. Cost of services were 54% of revenue in the year ended December 31, 2010 and 47% of revenue in the year ended December 31, 2011. Excluding expenses of Porto Cupecoy, cost of services in 2011 was 47% of revenue, and 48% in 2010.

 

Selling, general and administrative expenses

 

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $40.8 million, or 22%, from $185.9 million in the year ended December 31, 2010 to $226.7 million in the year ended December 31, 2011. In 2010, a net credit of $1.3 million was also recorded following the successful litigation against acts of infringement in Europe of the trademark “Cipriani” by Cipriani (Grosvenor Street) Ltd., representing cash received in excess of costs incurred. In 2011, an expense of $2.5 million was recorded to settle litigation associated with the ‘21’ Club.  Exchange rate movements were responsible for $5.4 million of the total increase. Selling, general and administrative expenses were 33% of revenue in the year ended December 31, 2010 and 39% of revenue in the year ended December 31, 2011.

 

Impairment of real estate assets, goodwill, other intangible assets, and property, plant and equipment

 

Impairment of real estate assets, goodwill, other intangible assets, and property, plant and equipment increased by $21.1 million from $38.0 million in the year ended December 31, 2010 to $59.1 million in the year ended December 31, 2011.

 

In the year ended December 31, 2011, OEH identified a non-cash real estate asset impairment charge of $36.9 million (2010 - $24.6 million) in respect of its Porto Cupecoy development project. OEH determined that the fair value less costs to sell of assets no longer exceeded the carrying value.  The charge was computed using Level 3 inputs, namely the estimated selling prices and estimated selling costs based on OEH’s recent experience with sales of condominiums already completed.   This impairment charge resulted from changes in future sales estimates as a result of current economic conditions and in light of recent sales experience after completion of the project. Additionally as part of the overall impairment calculation on Porto Cupecoy, property, plant and equipment at the development with a carrying value of $1.7 million was written down to a fair value of $Nil.

 

Also, in the year ended December 31, 2011, OEH identified a non-cash property, plant and equipment charge of $8.2 million in respect of Casa de Sierra Nevada, San Miguel de Allende, Mexico.  The carrying value was written down to the hotel’s fair value.

 

OEH completed the assignment of the purchase and development agreements relating to its proposed New York hotel project in April 2011. However, based on terms under negotiation with interested parties in 2010, OEH recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $6.4 million at December 31, 2010 on land and buildings for the capitalized pre-development expenses incurred in the project.

 

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Table of Contents

 

At December 31, 2011, OEH completed its annual goodwill impairment review. OEH identified and recorded goodwill impairments of $12.4 million within its continuing operations, comprising $7.9 million at Maroma Resort and Spa, $2.8 million at La Residencia, $1.2 million at Mount Nelson Hotel and $0.5 million at Westcliff Hotel.  At December 31, 2010, OEH had not identified any goodwill impairments during its annual impairment review.  However, during 2010, OEH did identify and record goodwill impairments of  $5.9 million, comprising $5.4 million at La Samanna and $0.5 million at Napasai.  Impairments were based on discounted future cash flows prepared as of the balance sheet date or as of the date of an impairment review when a triggering event existed.

 

In the year ended December 31, 2010, OEH identified and recorded a non-cash Internet sites impairment charge of $1.1 million in respect of its two Internet-based businesses. The carrying values of the intangible assets were written down to reflect the level of offers being received at the time they were considered held for sale.  Subsequent to December 31, 2010, these assets were returned to continuing operations as all the criteria for held for sale treatment was subsequently not met.

 

Segment EBITDA

 

Year ended December 31,

 

2011
$’000

 

2010
$’000

 

Hotels and restaurants

 

 

 

 

 

Owned hotels - Europe

 

60,264

 

37,388

 

- North America

 

13,552

 

14,986

 

- Rest of World

 

35,147

 

33,399

 

Hotel management/part ownership interests

 

5,261

 

2,228

 

Restaurants

 

(67

)

2,476

 

 

 

114,157

 

90,477

 

Tourist trains and cruises

 

20,948

 

17,407

 

Real estate

 

(6,403

)

(4,229

)

Impairment of real estate assets, goodwill, other intangible assets, and property, plant and equipment

 

(59,120

)

(37,967

)

Impairment of property, plant and equipment in unconsolidated company

 

(626

)

 

Gain on disposal of assets

 

16,544

 

 

Central overheads

 

(37,095

)

(26,503

)

 

 

48,405

 

39,185

 

 

The European hotels collectively reported a segment EBITDA of $60.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 compared to $37.4 million in the same period in 2010.  Improvement was largely due to the Italian hotels.  As a percentage of European hotels revenue, the European segment EBITDA margin increased from 22% in 2010 to 28% in 2011.

 

Segment EBITDA in the North American hotels region decreased by 9% from $15.0 million in the year ended December 31, 2010 to $13.6 million in the year ended December 31, 2011. As a percentage of North American hotels revenue, the North American segment EBITDA margin decreased from 15% in 2010 to 13% in 2011.

 

Segment EBITDA in the Rest of the World hotels region increased by 5% from $33.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2010 to $35.1 million in the year ended December 31, 2011.  The segment EBITDA margin decreased from 22% for 2010 to 21% for 2011.

 

Segment EBITDA in restaurants decreased by $2.6 million from earnings of $2.5 million in the year ended December 31, 2010 to a loss of $0.1 million in the year ended December 31, 2011. The movement was due to a $2.5 million charge in 2011 related to settlement of employee litigation.

 

Segment EBITDA in tourist trains and cruises increased by 20% from $17.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2010 to $20.9 million in the year ended December 31, 2011. As a percentage of revenue from tourist trains and cruises, segment EBITDA margin was 28% in both 2011 and 2010.

 

Central overheads increased by $10.6 million, or 40%, from $26.5 million in the year ended December 31, 2010 to $37.1 million in the year ended December 31, 2011. The significant variances included compensation and performance-related employee incentives of $2.6 million (including bonuses for exceeding OEH’s 2011 budget), management restructuring, CEO search and other professional fees of $2.0 million, stock option expense of $1.2 million and premises and moving costs associated with the relocation of the London office of $0.9 million .In the year ended December 31, 2010, there were litigation and other one-time credits of $2.0 million.  As a percentage of revenue,central overheads increased from 5% in 2010 to 6% in 2011.

 

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Table of Contents

 

Losses from operations before net finance costs

 

Losses from operations decreased by $5.8 million from a loss of $10.0 million in the year ended December 31, 2010 to a loss of $4.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2011, due to the factors described above.

 

Net finance costs

 

Net finance costs increased by $17.3 million, or 61%, from $28.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 to $45.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2011.  The year ended December 31, 2010 included a foreign exchange gain of $5.7 million compared to a foreign exchange loss of $4.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2011. Excluding these foreign exchange items, net interest expense increased by $7.4 million, or 22%, from $33.8 million in the year ended December 31, 2010 to $41.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2011. This increase in the 2011 period was primarily as a result of higher interest rates on debt refinanced in 2010, the write-off of deferred financing costs of $1.7 million at La Samanna and swap and loan termination costs of $3.5 million related to loan facilities in Brazil and Italy. Also, in the year ended December 31, 2010, interest was capitalized of $3.1 million, while $0.9 million was capitalized in the year ended December 31, 2011.

 

Provision for income taxes

 

The provision for income taxes decreased by $4.5 million, or 18%, from $24.7 million in 2010 to $20.2 million in 2011.

 

The Company is incorporated in Bermuda, which does not impose an income tax.  Accordingly, the income tax provision was attributable to income tax charges incurred by subsidiaries operating in jurisdictions that impose an income tax and also attributable to the relative amount of earnings or loss in those jurisdictions, the effect of valuation allowances, and uncertain tax positions. It is also affected by discrete items that may occur in any given year, but are not consistent from year to year.  Significant discrete items included a deferred tax benefit of $2.1 million arising in respect of foreign exchange gain/loss on timing differences, following movements in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and relevant local currencies compared to a tax charge of $1.3 million in 2010.

 

The provision for income taxes for 2011 included a deferred tax provision of $4.0 million in respect of valuation allowances due to a change in estimate concerning OEH’s ability to realize loss carryforwards in certain jurisdictions compared to $9.0 million provision in 2010, and included a tax benefit of $3.4 million to decrease OEH’s uncertain tax positions including related interest and penalties compared to a tax charge of $1.0 million in 2010.

 

Earnings from unconsolidated companies

 

Earnings from unconsolidated companies net of tax increased by $2.1 million, or 91%, from $2.3 million in the year ended December 31, 2010 to $4.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2011.  Earnings from the Peru hotels joint venture increased by $2.1 million, as the hotels recovered from property damage and business interruption caused by floods in the first quarter of 2010. This was offset by a non-cash property, plant and equipment charge of $0.6 million in respect of Las Casitas del Colca, one of the hotels within the Peru hotels joint venture.  The carrying value was written down to the hotel’s fair value based on the joint venture’s  best estimates.  The tax expense associated with earnings from unconsolidated companies was $2.2 million in 2010 and $2.3 million in 2011.

 

Losses from discontinued operations

 

The losses from discontinued operations in 2011 were $22.1 million, an increase of $20.1 million from the losses recognized in 2010 of $2.0 million.

 

Keswick Hall’s net loss for the year ended December 31, 2011 was $20.8 million, compared with a net loss of $3.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2010. In the year ended December 31, 2011, OEH identified and recorded a non-cash property, plant and equipment impairment charge of $23.9 million in respect of Keswick Hall. In the year ended December 31, 2010, OEH recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $1.6 million against the carrying value of the two model homes at Keswick Hall’s adjoining property development. The sale of Keswick Hall was completed in January 2012.

 

Bora Bora Lagoon Resort’s net loss for the year ended December 31, 2011 was $2.6 million, compared with net earnings of $1.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2010. In the year ended December 31, 2011, OEH identified and recorded a non-cash property, plant and equipment impairment charge of $2.2 million in respect of Bora Bora Lagoon Resort. The profit at Bora Bora Lagoon Resort for the year ended December 31, 2010 was primarily due to the settlement of outstanding insurance claims relating to cyclone damage sustained at the hotel in February 2010, resulting in a gain of $5.8 million in the year, partially offset by restructuring and inventory impairment charges of $2.6 million.

 

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Hôtel de la Cité’s net earnings were $1.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2011, compared to net losses of $4.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 (including an impairment charge of $6.0 million relating to property, plant and equipment). The gain on sale when it was sold on August 1, 2011 was $2.2 million, including a $3.0 million transfer of foreign currency translation gain from other comprehensive income.

 

The year ended December 31, 2010 amount included a gain of $7.2 million on the sale of Lilianfels Blue Mountains in January 2010, offset by the loss on the sale of La Cabana in May 2010 of $0.5 million.

 

In December 2010, OEH decided to sell its Internet-based companies O.E. Interactive Ltd. and Luxurytravel.com UK Ltd. which are included in the trains and cruises segment.  These companies became held for sale based on an offer from a third party.  However, the sale agreement has not been completed, and a lease transaction (with a purchase option) has been entered into instead. Therefore, these companies were transferred back to continuing operations in 2011 as they no longer meet the criteria for held for sale treatment.  Results previously classified within discontinued operations have been transferred back into operations for all periods presented.

 

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Year Ended December 31, 2010 compared to Year Ended December 31, 2009

 

Operating information for OEH’s owned hotels for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 is as follows:

 

Year ended December 31,

 

2010

 

2009

 

 

 

 

 

Average Daily Rate (in dollars)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Europe

 

637

 

702

 

 

 

 

 

North America

 

324

 

343

 

 

 

 

 

Rest of the world

 

331

 

293

 

 

 

 

 

Worldwide

 

406

 

409

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Rooms Available (in thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Europe

 

280

 

257

 

 

 

 

 

North America

 

249

 

253

 

 

 

 

 

Rest of the world

 

463

 

448

 

 

 

 

 

Worldwide

 

992

 

958

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Rooms Sold (in thousands)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Europe

 

139

 

119

 

 

 

 

 

North America

 

160

 

139

 

 

 

 

 

Rest of the world

 

254

 

221

 

 

 

 

 

Worldwide

 

553

 

479

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Occupancy (percentage)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Europe

 

50

 

46

 

 

 

 

 

North America

 

64

 

55

 

 

 

 

 

Rest of the world

 

55

 

49

 

 

 

 

 

Worldwide

 

56

 

50

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

RevPAR (in dollars)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Europe

 

317

 

325

 

 

 

 

 

North America

 

208

 

188

 

 

 

 

 

Rest of the world

 

182

 

145

 

 

 

 

 

Worldwide

 

226

 

205

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Change %

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Dollars

 

Local
currency

 

Same Store RevPAR (in dollars)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Europe

 

317

 

319

 

(1

)%

2

%

North America

 

207

 

188

 

10

%

10

%

Rest of the world

 

188

 

147

 

28

%

22

%

Worldwide

 

227

 

204

 

11

%

11

%

 

The same store data exclude the following operations:

 

Grand Hotel Timeo

 

Hotel das Cataratas

Villa Sant’Andrea

 

Jimbaran Puri Bali

La Residencia

 

La Residence d’Angkor

Le Manoir aux Quat’Saisons

 

 

 

Overview

 

The net loss for the year ended December 31, 2010 was $62.6 million ($0.69 per common share) on revenue of $561.1 million, compared with net loss of $68.7 million ($1.01 per common share) on revenue of $440.6 million in the prior year.

 

OEH’s revenue in the year ended December 31, 2010 experienced growth following the global economic downturn in 2008 and 2009. The net loss in 2010 includes impairment of real estate assets, goodwill, and property, plant and equipment of $38.0 million and losses from discontinued operations of $2.0 million.  Impairment of goodwill and losses from discontinued operations were $6.5 million and $49.8 million, respectively, in the year ended December 31, 2009.  OEH’s remaining net loss excluding impairments and discontinued

 

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operations in the year ended December 31, 2010 was $22.6 million compared with a net loss of $12.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2009.

 

Revenue

 

Year ended December 31,

 

2010
$’000

 

2009
$’000

 

Hotels and restaurants

 

 

 

 

 

Owned hotels - Europe

 

169,772

 

155,830

 

- North America

 

96,724

 

89,748

 

- Rest of World

 

148,778

 

116,182

 

Hotel management/part ownership interests

 

4,300

 

4,616

 

Restaurants

 

15,809

 

14,436

 

 

 

435,383

 

380,812

 

Tourist trains and cruises

 

61,740

 

58,084

 

Real estate

 

64,019

 

1,706

 

 

 

561,142

 

440,602

 

 

Total revenue increased by $120.5 million, or 27%, from $440.6 million in 2009 to $561.1 million in 2010.  Hotels and restaurants revenue increased by $54.6 million, or 14%, from $380.8 million in 2009 to $435.4 million in 2010. Revenue from tourist trains and cruises increased by $3.6 million, or 6%, from $58.1 million in 2009 to $61.7 million in 2010.  The increase in revenue is generally due to the growth following the global economic downturn and the negative impact this had on the hotel industry in 2008 and 2009. Real estate revenue increased by $62.3 million, from $1.7 million in 2009 to $64.0 million in 2010, primarily from the recognition of sales of units from Porto Cupecoy.

 

Owned Hotels:  The change in revenue at owned hotels is analyzed on a regional basis as follows:

 

Europe

 

Year ended December 31,

 

2010

 

2009

 

Average daily rate (in dollars)

 

637

 

702

 

Rooms available (in thousands)

 

280

 

257

 

Rooms sold (in thousands)

 

139

 

119

 

Occupancy (percentage)

 

50

 

46

 

RevPAR (in dollars)

 

317

 

325

 

Same store RevPAR (in dollars)

 

317

 

319

 

 

Revenue increased by $14.0 million, or 9%, from $155.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 to $169.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2010. Excluding the recently acquired hotels in Sicily (Grand Hotel Timeo and Villa Sant’Andrea), revenue increased by $3.0 million, or 2%, compared to the same period in the prior year. Excluding the new Sicilian hotels, the ADR fell by 6% from $702 in the year ended December 31, 2009 to $662 in the year ended December 31, 2010. Occupancy, however, increased from 46% in the year ended December 31, 2009 to 50% in the year ended December 31, 2010. On a same store basis, RevPAR in local currency increased by 2% for the year ended December 31, 2010, and decreased by 1% when measured in U.S. dollars.

 

Exchange rate movements caused revenue to decrease by $4.5 million in the year ended December 31, 2010 compared with the same period in 2009.

 

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North America

 

Year ended December 31,

 

2010

 

2009

 

Average daily rate (in dollars)

 

324

 

343

 

Rooms available (in thousands)

 

249

 

253

 

Rooms sold (in thousands)

 

160

 

139

 

Occupancy (percentage)

 

64

 

55

 

RevPAR (in dollars)

 

208

 

188

 

Same store RevPAR (in dollars)

 

207

 

188

 

 

Revenue increased by $7.0 million, or 8%, from $89.7 million in the year ended December 31, 2009 to $96.7 million in the year ended December 31, 2010. The ADR decreased by 6% from $343 in the year ended December 31, 2009 to $324 in the year ended December 31, 2010. Occupancy, however, increased from 55% in the year ended December 31, 2009 to 64% in the year ended December 31, 2010. On a same store basis, RevPAR increased from $188 in the year ended December 31, 2009 to $207 for the year ended December 31, 2010. This translated to an increase of 10 % in both local currency and U.S. dollars.

 

Rest of the World

 

Year ended December 31,

 

2010

 

2009

 

Average daily rate (in dollars)

 

331

 

293

 

Rooms available (in thousands)

 

463

 

448

 

Rooms sold (in thousands)

 

254

 

221

 

Occupancy (percentage)

 

55

 

49

 

RevPAR (in dollars)

 

182

 

145

 

Same store RevPAR (in dollars)

 

188

 

147

 

 

Revenue increased by $32.6 million, or 28%, from $116.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2009 to $148.8 million in the year ended December 31, 2010.  Exchange rate movements across the region were responsible for $16.1 million of the revenue increase.

 

Revenue at OEH’s hotels in South America collectively increased by $18.3 million, or 33%, from $55.9 million in the year ended December 31, 2009 to $74.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2010. In the year, Copacabana Palace Hotel had revenue increase of $11.8 million, or 28%, primarily from increases in occupancy, ADR and favorable exchange rate movements. Exchange rate movements in South America were responsible for $8.1 million of the revenue increase.

 

Revenue at OEH’s six Asian hotels collectively increased by $4.2 million, or 23%, from $18.3 million in the year ended December 31, 2009 to $22.5 million in the year ended December 31, 2010. Exchange rate movements across the region were responsible for $1.6 million of the revenue increase. Same store occupancy for the year increased by 9%, from 47% in the year ended December 31, 2009 to 56% for the year ended December 31, 2010. Same store ADR in U.S. dollars increased 3% from $285 in the year ended December 31, 2009 to $294 for the year ended December 31, 2010. This translated into an increase in same store RevPAR in U.S. dollars of $29, or 21%, from $135 in the year ended December 31, 2009 to $164 for the year ended December 31, 2010.

 

Southern Africa revenue increased by $7.4 million, or 24%, from $30.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2009 to $37.8 million in the year ended December 31, 2010. Of the increase in revenue, $4.3 million was due to exchange rate movements on the translation of the South African rand and Botswana pula to U.S. dollars. The revenue increase was largely due to the World Cup tournament which was hosted by South Africa in 2010 and strong corporate business at the Westcliff Hotel. Same store RevPAR in U.S. dollars for the year ended December 31, 2010 increased 32% from $118 to $156 compared to the same period in 2009, and 17% from $133 in the year ended December 31, 2009 to $156 for the year ended December 31, 2010 when measured in local currency.

 

Revenue at OEH’s Australian hotel increased by $2.8 million, or 24%, to $14.3 million in the year ended December 31, 2010; 75% of this increase, or $2.1 million, was due to the strengthening of the Australian dollar against the U.S. dollar.

 

The ADR for the Rest of the World region on a same store basis in U.S. dollars increased from $300 in the year ended December 31, 2009 to $342 for the year ended December 31, 2010. Same store occupancy also increased from 49% to 55%, which resulted in an increase in RevPAR on a same store basis in U.S. dollars of 28% from $147 in the year ended December 31, 2009 to $188 for the year ended December 31, 2010, and 22% when measured in local currency.

 

Hotel Management and Part-Ownership Interests:  Revenue decreased by $0.3 million, or 7%, from $4.6 million in the year ended December 31, 2009 to $4.3 million in the year ended December 31, 2010, primarily due to lower management fees from the managed hotels in Peru.

 

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Restaurants:  Revenue increased by $1.4 million, or 10%, from $14.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2009 to $15.8 million in the year ended December 31, 2010, primarily due to an increase in the number of covers being served at ‘21’ Club.

 

Trains and Cruises:  Revenue increased by $3.6 million, or 6%, from $58.1 million in the year ended December 31, 2009 to $61.7 million in the year ended December 31, 2010. This increase was primarily due to the Road to Mandalay river cruise ship returning to operation following repairs to damage from a cyclone in Myanmar in May 2008 when the ship was taken out of service. Road to Mandalay contributed $5.1 million in the year ended December 31, 2010, compared to $1.8 million for the same period in 2009. Management fee revenue from Peru Rail decreased by $1.0 million, or 32%, from $3.1 million in the year ended December 31, 2009 to $2.1 million in the year ended December 31, 2010. This was primarily as a result of the floods in January 2010, which caused damage to the rail tracks and disrupted rail services from the end of January to July 2010. Revenue generated from operations increased by $4.4 million, which was offset by exchange rate movements across the segment of $0.7 million.

 

Real Estate:  Ninety-five condominiums were delivered to customers at Porto Cupecoy generating revenue of $64.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2010. As at December 31, 2010, 103 units in total were sold, which includes 18 new sales contracts signed in the year, of which three were exchanged for land adjacent to La Samanna. There was no real estate revenue at Keswick Hall, Virginia, or Napasai, Koh Samui, Thailand in the year ended December 31, 2010.  In the year ended December 31, 2009, Napasai sold two villas worth $1.7 million.

 

Depreciation and amortization

 

Depreciation and amortization increased by $5.7 million, or 15%, from $39.0 million in the year ended December 31, 2009 to $44.7 million in the year ended December 31, 2010. The increase in depreciation  included the addition of new hotels in Sicily, the capital improvements at hotels in Brazil and Russia and additional depreciation after capital expenditures on all owned assets over the prior 12 months.

 

Cost of services

 

Cost of services increased by $89.1 million, or 42%, from $213.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2009 to $302.5 million in the year ended December 31, 2010. Cost of services included charges of $64.0 million in respect of Porto Cupecoy, principally due to delivery of units under previously contracted sales, and $8.0 million in respect of the recently acquired Sicilian hotels.  There were no equivalent charges in 2009. Excluding Porto Cupecoy and the Sicilian hotels, cost of services increased by $17.1 million. Exchange rate movements were responsible for $3.6 million of the total increase. Cost of services were 48% of revenue in the year ended December 31, 2009 and 54% of revenue in the year ended December 31, 2010. Excluding Porto Cupecoy and the Sicilian hotels, cost of services in 2010 was 47% of revenue.

 

Selling, general and administrative expenses

 

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $25.5 million, or 16%, from $160.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2009 to $185.9 million in the year ended December 31, 2010. The 2010 expense included a charge of $5.5 million in respect of the recently acquired Sicilian hotels. There was no equivalent charge in 2009. A net credit of $1.3 million was also recorded following the successful litigation against acts of infringement in Europe of the trademark “Cipriani” by Cipriani (Grosvenor Street) Ltd., representing cash received in excess of costs incurred. Exchange rate movements were responsible for $3.1 million of the total increase. Selling, general and administrative expenses were 36% of revenue in the year ended December 31, 2009 and 33% of revenue in the year ended December 31, 2010. Excluding the two Sicilian hotels, selling, general and administrative expenses in 2010 were 33% of revenue.

 

Impairment of real estate assets, goodwill, other intangible assets, and property, plant and equipment

 

Impairment of real estate assets, goodwill, other intangible assets, and property, plant and equipment increased by $31.5 million from $6.5 million in the year ended December 31, 2009 to $38.0 million in the year ended December 31, 2010.

 

In the year ended December 31, 2010, OEH identified a non-cash real estate asset impairment charge of $24.6 million in respect of its Porto Cupecoy development project.  OEH determined that the fair value less costs to sell of the assets no longer exceeded the carrying value. The charge was computed using Level 3 inputs, namely the estimated selling prices and estimated selling costs based on OEH’s recent experience with sales of condominiums already completed. This impairment charge resulted from, primarily, changes in future sales estimates as a result of current economic conditions and in light of recent sales experience after completion of the project, a change in the estimate of the project’s estimated costs to complete the entire development, and the reclassification of the marina and commercial property units (as such assets were previously held at cost less depreciation).

 

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In the year ended December 31, 2010, OEH identified and recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $1.1 million in respect of its two Internet-based subsidiaries. The carrying values of the intangible assets were written down to reflect the level of offers being received at the time they were considered held for sale.  Subsequent to December 31, 2010, these assets were returned to continuing operations as all the criteria for held for sale treatment not subsequently met.

 

In the year ended December 21, 2010, OEH was seeking co-investors in its New York hotel development project or, subject to consent of the New York Public Library, to assign its purchase and development agreements with the Library relating to this project to a third-party developer and be reimbursed for OEH’s remaining investment in the project.  Based on terms under negotiation with interested parties in 2010, OEH recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $6.4 million at December 31, 2010 on land and buildings for the capitalized pre-development expenses incurred in the project.

 

During the year ended December 31, 2010, OEH identified non-cash goodwill impairments of $5.4 million at La Samanna and $0.5 million at Napasai within its continuing operations. OEH determined these impairments were triggered in each case due to expected reductions in future profits at the hotels that required a reassessment.

 

During the year ended December 31, 2009, OEH had identified non-cash goodwill impairments of $6.3 million at Miraflores Park Hotel, Casa de Sierra Nevada and Observatory Hotel. During the same year, an additional non-cash impairment of $0.2 million was recorded on the trade name of Casa de Sierra Nevada.

 

Segment EBITDA

 

Year ended December 31,

 

2010
$’000

 

2009
$’000

 

Hotels and restaurants

 

 

 

 

 

Owned hotels - Europe

 

37,388

 

38,595

 

- North America

 

14,986

 

14,491

 

- Rest of World

 

33,399

 

25,513

 

Hotel management/part ownership interests

 

2,228

 

2,995

 

Restaurants

 

2,476

 

1,757

 

 

 

90,477

 

83,351

 

Tourist trains and cruises

 

17,407

 

20,571

 

Real estate

 

(4,229

)

(2,511

)

Impairment of real estate assets, goodwill, other intangible assets, and property, plant and equipment

 

(37,967

)

(6,500

)

Gain on disposal of assets

 

 

1,385

 

Central overheads

 

(26,503

)

(25,870

)

 

 

39,185

 

70,426

 

 

The European hotels collectively reported a segment EBITDA of $37.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 compared to $38.6 million in the same period in 2009.  Excluding the two Sicilian hotels, EBITDA for 2010 was $40.9 million. As a percentage of European hotels revenue, the European segment EBITDA margin fell from 25% in 2009 to 22% in 2010. Excluding the two Sicilian hotels, the 2010 EBITDA margin was 26%.

 

Segment EBITDA in the North American hotels region increased by 3% from $14.5 million in the year ended December 31, 2009 to $15.0 million in the year ended December 31, 2010. As a percentage of North American hotels revenue, the North American segment EBITDA margin decreased from 16% in 2009 to 15% in 2010.

 

Segment EBITDA in the Rest of the World hotels region increased by 31% from $25.5 million in the year ended December 31, 2009 to $33.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2010.  The segment EBITDA margin remained constant at 22% for both 2009 and 2010.

 

Segment EBITDA in tourist trains and cruises decreased by 16% from $20.6 million in the year ended December 31, 2009 to $17.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2010. As a percentage of revenue from tourist trains and cruises, segment EBITDA margin was 28% in 2010 and 35% in 2009.

 

(Losses)/earnings from operations before net finance costs

 

Earnings from operations decreased by $32.7 million from a profit of $22.7 million in the year ended December 31, 2009 to a loss of $10.0 million in the year ended December 31, 2010, due to the factors described above.

 

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Net finance costs

 

Net finance costs decreased by $3.9 million, or 12%, from $32.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 to $28.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2010.  The year ended December 31, 2009 included a foreign exchange loss of $1.1 million compared to a foreign exchange gain of $5.7 million in the year ended December 31, 2010. Excluding these foreign exchange items, net interest expense increased by $2.7 million, or 9%, from $31.1 million in the year ended December 31, 2009 to $33.8 million in the year ended December 31, 2010, primarily as a result of expensing previously deferred financing costs which was triggered by the debt refinancing and the settlement of derivative instruments in connection with refinancing of long-term debt in the year ended December 31, 2010 compared to the prior year.

 

Provision for income taxes

 

The provision for income taxes increased by $11.0 million, or 80%, from $13.7 million in 2009 to $24.7 million in 2010.

 

The Company is incorporated in Bermuda, which does not impose an income tax.  Accordingly, the income tax provision was attributable to income tax charges incurred by subsidiaries operating in jurisdictions that impose an income tax and also attributable to the relative amount of earnings or loss in those jurisdictions, the effect of valuation allowances, and uncertain tax positions. It is also affected by discrete items that may occur in any given year, but are not consistent from year to year.  Significant discrete items included a deferred tax charge of $1.3 million arising in respect of foreign exchange gain/loss on timing differences, following movements in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and relevant local currencies.

 

The provision for income taxes for 2010 included a deferred tax provision of $9.0 million in respect of valuation allowances due to a change in estimate concerning OEH’s ability to realize loss carryforwards in certain jurisdictions compared to $3.1 million provision in 2009, and included a tax charge of $1.0 million to increase OEH’s uncertain tax positions including related interest and penalties.

 

The provision for income taxes of $13.1 million for 2009 included a tax credit of $4.3 million to reduce OEH’s uncertain tax provisions including related interest and penalties.

 

Earnings from unconsolidated companies

 

Earnings from unconsolidated companies net of tax decreased by $1.9 million, or 45%, from $4.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2009 to $2.3 million in the year ended December 31, 2010.  This includes insurance income of $0.8 million from the Peru hotels joint venture, which was impacted by property damage and business interruption caused by floods during the first quarter of 2010. The tax expense associated with earnings from unconsolidated companies was $4.5 million in 2009 and $2.2 million in 2010.

 

Losses from discontinued operations

 

Losses from discontinued operations in 2010 were $2.0 million, a decrease of $47.8 million from the loss recognized in 2009 of $49.8 million.

 

During 2010, net gains of $6.7 million were realized on discontinued operations sold by OEH. In 2009, net gains of $3.7 million were realized on the sale of discontinued operations.

 

Included in the earnings for 2010 was an impairment charge of $6.0 million recognized against the fixed assets of Hôtel de la Cité to reflect the fair value of offers received for the purchase of the hotel. In November 2010, OEH decided to sell the hotel as an asset non-core to its future business. This was offset by the $7.2 million gain on sale of Lilianfels Blue Mountains recorded in the year.

 

In addition in 2010, OEH recorded an impairment charge against the carrying value of the two model homes on the residential home sites next to Keswick Hall.  This non-cash impairment charge of $1.6 million resulted from, primarily, a recent offer on one of the two model homes that did not exceed the carrying value of those assets

 

Included in the loss for 2009 were impairment charges recognized against the goodwill and fixed assets of Bora Bora Lagoon Resort, Windsor Court Hotel, La Cabana restaurant and Lilianfels Blue Mountains.

 

In May 2010, OEH completed the sale of La Cabana restaurant for $2.7 million, which OEH decided to sell principally due to the restaurant’s underperformance and the small size of this activity.

 

In January 2010, OEH completed the sale of Lilianfels Blue Mountains for $18.7 million, as OEH considered this hotel to be in a non-core market.

 

In October 2009, OEH sold the Windsor Court Hotel for $44.3 million. Management did not believe that New Orleans was a prime leisure destination for OEH’s customers.  The hotel’s performance had been impacted by new local competition and significant capital investment in the hotel was needed.

 

In June 2009, OEH sold Lapa Palace as management had concluded that the Lisbon market was not a prime leisure destination and lacked sufficient appeal for OEH’s leisure audience. In addition, management did not see further opportunities to develop and grow business in Lisbon. This sale was completed for $26.3 million.

 

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

Working Capital

 

OEH had cash and cash equivalents of $90.1 million at December 31, 2011, $60.0 million less than the $150.1 million at December 31, 2010.  In addition, OEH had restricted cash of $13.2 million (2010 - $8.4 million). At December 31, 2011, there were undrawn amounts available to OEH under committed short-term lines of credit of $4.4 million (2010 - $12.1 million) and undrawn amounts available to OEH under secured revolving credit facilities of $Nil (2010 - $12.0 million), bringing total cash availability at December 31, 2011 to $94.5 million, excluding the restricted cash of $13.2 million.

 

Current assets less current liabilities, including the current portion of long-term debt, resulted in a working capital surplus of $65.9 million at December 31, 2011, a decrease of $100.3 million from a working capital balance of $166.2 million at December 31, 2010.  The decrease in the working capital surplus in 2011 resulted from an increase in December 31, 2010 asset balances due to the presentation of discontinued operations in the year.  In addition, cash and cash equivalents have decreased to $90.1 million at December 31, 2011 from $150.1 million at December 31, 2010 which included proceeds from two equity offerings in 2010.  See the discussion under “Liquidity” below.

 

OEH believes that its present access to credit and capital markets, together with cash OEH expects to generate from operations and other sources, remains adequate to meet its liquidity requirements, finance its growth plans, meet debt service and fulfill other cash requirements.

 

Cash Flow

 

Operating Activities.  Net cash provided by operating activities increased by $6.8 million to a net surplus of $45.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, from a net surplus from operating activities of $38.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2010. The increase in operating cash flows was a result of strengthening operational performance across the OEH businesses through 2011, as well as the proceeds of $16.4 million from the sale of excess development rights of the ‘21’ Club restaurant. Net cash provided by discontinued operations increased by $9.3 million to $0.8 million in 2011 from $8.5 million net cash used in discontinued operations in 2010. This was as a result of assets transferred into discontinued operations in the year, as OEH continues to dispose of non-core assets.

 

Cash flow from operating activities is generated primarily from operating hotels, restaurants, tourist trains and cruises, sales of condominium units and distributions from joint ventures. These are the principal sources of operating cash which fund OEH’s operating expenses, interest and principal payments, capital expenditures, and taxes.  OEH believes that cash from operations, additional borrowings and other sources will be adequate to meet all cash requirements from operating expenses, principal and interest payments on debt and capital expenditure.

 

Investing Activities.  Cash used in investing activities was $12.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, compared to net cash used of $77.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2010, a decrease of $48.4 million. In 2010, $64.9 million, net of cash acquired, was used for the acquisition of the Grand Hotel Timeo and Villa Sant’Andrea. There were no acquisitions in 2011. Capital expenditure of $60.6 million in 2011 included $2.0 million for the rebuilding of Hotel das Cataratas, $9.8 million for El Encanto construction, $1.4 million at Le Manoir aux Quat’Saisons, $1.9 million at Mount Nelson Hotel, $5.0 million at the Copacabana Palace, $2.2 million at the Grand Hotel Europe and $4.1 million at the Sicilian properties. In addition, $2.5 million was spent investing in the Venice Simplon-Orient-Express. Disposals of non-core assets, Hôtel de la Cité, resulted in net proceeds of $12.1 million being realized within net cash provided by investing activities from discontinued operations. A number of non-core assets not considered key to OEH’s portfolio of unique, high valued properties have been identified, and management is seeking to sell these in a measured timescale with the primary purposes of de-leveraging OEH’s balance sheet and providing capital for refurbishment and growth opportunities. Net increase in restricted cash was $4.8 million for 2011 (2010 - net decrease of $11.0 million).  At December 31, 2011, the Porto Cupecoy escrow account balance was $2.9 million (2010 - $2.0 million).

 

Financing Activities.  Net cash used by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2011 was $92.6 million compared to cash provided by financing activities of $116.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2010, a decrease of $209.4 million. Proceeds from issuances of common shares, net of issuance costs, in 2010 resulted in net proceeds of $248.1 million.  The proceeds of these share issuances are being used primarily for general corporate purposes, including working capital, debt service and capital investment. As a result of the refinancing program undertaken by OEH, there was a net repayment of debt of $91.4 million in 2011.

 

During the year ended December 31, 2011, two loan facilities were refinanced and accounted for as an extinguishment of debt.  One loan totaling $100.0 million (of which $88.0 million was drawn) was refinanced with a new loan of $115.0 million.  The new loan has two tranches, one of $100.0 million which was used to repay the previous debt, and the second tranche of $15.0 million which will be used to fund the renovations planned for 2012 at the Copacabana Palace Hotel.  The loan matures in three years and has an interest rate of LIBOR plus 3.15% per annum. Approximately 70% of the drawn loan has been swapped from LIBOR to a fixed interest rate of 0.81%.  The second loan of €18.0 million ($26.1 million) refinanced a maturing loan of €30.0 million ($43.5 million) secured on La Residencia. The new loan, which matures in three years, has an interest rate of EURIBOR plus 2.75% per annum. Approximately 50% of the loan has been swapped from EURIBOR to a fixed interest rate of 2.29%.

 

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Capital Commitments

 

There were $15.4 million of capital commitments outstanding at December 31, 2011 related to investments in owned hotels. Outstanding contracts for project-related costs on the Porto Cupecoy development amounted to $0.5 million at December 31, 2011.

 

At the time of purchase, OEH agreed to pay the vendor of the two Sicilian hotels up to a further €5,000,000 (equivalent to $7,064,000 at January 22, 2010) if, by 2015, additional rooms are constructed at Grand Hotel Timeo and certain required permits are granted to expand and add a swimming pool to Villa Sant’Andrea.  The fair value of the contingent additional consideration at January 22, 2010 was €4,000,000 ($5,651,000) (determined using an income approach) based on an analysis of the likelihood of the conditions for payment being met. In February 2011, OEH paid the vendor €1,500,000 of the contingent liability as the appropriate permits to add a swimming pool to Villa Sant’Andrea were granted.

 

Indebtedness

 

At December 31, 2011, OEH had $543.9 million of consolidated debt, including the current portion and excluding debt held by consolidated variable interest entities, which is largely collateralized by OEH assets with a number of commercial bank lenders and which is payable over periods of one to 21 years with a weighted average interest rate of 4.32%.  See Note 11 to the Financial Statements regarding the maturity of long-term debt.

 

Debt of consolidated variable interest entities at December 31, 2011 comprised $90.5 million, including the current portion, of debt obligations of Charleston Center LLC, owner of the Charleston Place Hotel in which OEH has a 19.9% equity investment. Since December 31, 2008, OEH considered itself the primary beneficiary of this variable interest entity.  OEH was therefore required to consolidate the hotel’s assets and liabilities effective December 31, 2008. This debt is non-recourse to the members of Charleston Center LLC, including OEH, and therefore the hotel’s liabilities do not constitute obligations of OEH.

 

As noted under “Liquidity” below, many OEH financing agreements contain covenants that include limits on the property-owning subsidiary’s ability to raise additional debt collateralized by these properties, limits on liens on the properties and limits on mergers and asset sales and, in some cases, financial covenants such as a minimum interest coverage ratio and debt service coverage ratio and a maximum loan-to-value ratio. The Company guarantees some of these facilities which contain financial covenants measured on a consolidated basis including a minimum consolidated net worth and a minimum consolidated interest coverage ratio. OEH was in full compliance with all financial covenants that applied to the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries at December 31, 2011, except as noted below under “Liquidity”.

 

Including debt of consolidated variable entities, approximately 50% of the outstanding principal was drawn in European euros at December 31, 2011, and the balance primarily drawn in U.S. dollars.  At December 31, 2011, 47% of borrowings of OEH were in floating interest rates after hedges are taken into account.

 

Liquidity

 

During the 12 months ending December 31, 2012, OEH will have approximately $78.8 million of scheduled debt repayments including capital lease payments. OEH is in negotiation to refinance approximately $24.3 million of debt falling due in 2012.

 

Additionally, OEH’s capital commitments at December 31, 2011 amounted to $15.4 million. OEH expects to incur costs of a further $0.8 million to complete its Porto Cupecoy development, funded by sales proceeds as units are transferred to purchasers.

 

OEH expects to fund its working capital requirements, debt service and capital expenditure commitments for the foreseeable future from cash resources, operating cash flow, available committed borrowing facilities, issuing new debt or equity securities, rescheduling loan repayments or capital commitments, and disposing of non-core assets and developed real estate. During 2010, for example, OEH refinanced bank loans having total principal amounts outstanding of $374.4 million (at December 31, 2010 exchange rates) and publicly offered and sold in the United States new class A common shares of the Company raising total net proceeds of $248.1 million.

 

During 2011, two loans totaling $131.5 million were refinanced with two new loans totaling $126.1 million, both of which mature in three years.  The $5.4 million repayment was funded out of cash resources.  In addition, OEH signed a new $45.0 million loan facility providing partial funding for the completion of El Encanto, scheduled to reopen in 2012 or early 2013.  The loan has a term of three years, with two one-year extensions.  Also in 2011, a cumulative gain of $16.5 million was recorded on the assignment of  purchase and development agreements relating to OEH’s proposed New York hotel project in April 2011, along with the exercise of a call option in December 2011 by the assignee for excess development rights over the ‘21’ Club restaurant.  Also in 2011, OEH completed the sale of the property and operations of Hôtel de la Cité in Carcassonne, France for a cash consideration of €9.0 million ($12.9 million).  On January 23, 2012, OEH completed the cash sale of Keswick Hall, Virginia, for $22.0 million.

 

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In the current financing environment, OEH may be unable to refinance the full amount of its maturing loan facilities and the pricing of new debt may be higher than the refinanced facilities.  Similarly in the current economic environment, OEH may be unable to dispose of non-core assets and its developed real estate at prices or within the time frame OEH currently expects.  Occurrence of any of these events would impact adversely OEH’s forecast liquidity.

 

OEH has 17 loan facilities with commercial banks. There are three facilities which have outstanding principal amounts in excess of $50.0 million and nine with outstanding principal amounts greater than $10.0 million but less than $50.0 million, and the remainder has less than $10.0 million outstanding per facility.  Most of these loan facilities relate to specific hotel or other properties and are secured by a mortgage on the particular property.  In most cases, the Company is either the borrower or the subsidiary owning the property is the borrower and the loan is guaranteed by the Company.

 

The loan facilities generally place restrictions on the property-owning company’s ability to incur additional debt and limit liens, and to effect mergers and asset sales, and include financial covenants.  Where the property-owning subsidiary is the borrower, the financial covenants relate to the financial performance of the property financed and generally include covenants relating to interest coverage, debt service, and loan-to-value and debt-to-EBITDA ratio tests. Most of the facilities under which the Company is the borrower or the guarantor also contain financial covenants which are based on OEH’s performance on a consolidated basis.  The covenants include a quarterly interest coverage test and a quarterly net worth test.

 

At December 31, 2011, one of OEH’s subsidiaries had not complied with certain financial covenants in a $2.9 million loan facility. This non-compliance is expected to be rectified in the first half of 2012.  In addition, three unconsolidated joint venture companies were out of compliance as follows:

 

·                 the unconsolidated Peru hotels joint venture company, in which OEH has a 50% interest, was out of compliance at December 31, 2011 with the debt-service-coverage ratio in a loan facility of the joint venture amounting to $20.0 million.  Subsequent to December 31, 2011, waivers of this non-compliance were received from the lenders.  This loan is non-recourse to and not credit-supported by OEH while it remains a 50% owner of the joint venture;

 

·                  the unconsolidated Peru rail joint venture in which OEH has a 50% interest was out of compliance with a leverage covenant in a loan of $9.1 million and a debt-service-coverage ratio in a second loan of $9.1 million. One loan of $9.1 million is guaranteed by the Company. The other $9.1 million loan is non-recourse to and not credit-supported by OEH while it remains a 50% owner of the joint venture. Discussions with the banks are ongoing to bring the joint venture back into compliance; and

 

·                 the Hotel Ritz, Madrid, 50% owned by OEH, was out of compliance with the debt-service-coverage ratio in its first mortgage loan facility amounting to $88.9 million.  Subsequent to December 31, 2011, a six-month waiver of the non-compliance was received from the lender.  Although the loan is otherwise non-recourse to and not credit-supported by OEH or its joint venture partner in the hotel, they provided separate partial guarantees of  €7.5 million ($9.7 million) each, as of December 31, 2011, while discussions continue with the lender as to how to bring the hotel permanently into compliance.

 

OEH recognizes that in the current economic environment there is a risk that a property-specific loan covenant could be breached.  The amount of OEH’s forecast covenant headroom varies among its loan facilities. OEH regularly prepares cash flow projections which are used to forecast covenant compliance under all loan facilities.  If there is any likelihood of potential non-compliance with a covenant, OEH takes proactive steps to meet with the lending bank to seek an amendment to, or a waiver of, the financial covenant at risk.  Often obtaining such an amendment or waiver results in an increase in the borrowing costs.  If a covenant breach occurred in a material loan facility and OEH was unable to agree with its bankers how the particular covenant should be amended or how the breach could be cured, OEH’s liquidity would be adversely affected.

 

Many of OEH’s bank loan facilities include cross-default provisions under which a failure to pay principal or interest by the borrower or guarantor under other indebtedness in excess of a specified threshold amount would cause a default under the facilities.  If a covenant breach occurred in a material loan facility and OEH was unable to agree with its bankers how the particular financial covenant should be amended or how the breach could be cured, OEH’s liquidity would be adversely affected.  Under OEH’s largest loan facility, the specified cross-default threshold amount is $25.0 million.

 

In order to assure that OEH has sufficient liquidity in the future, OEH’s cash flow projections and available funds are discussed with the Company’s board of directors and OEH’s advisors to consider the most appropriate way to develop OEH’s capital structure and generate additional sources of liquidity. The options available to OEH will depend on the current economic and financial environment and OEH’s continued compliance with financial covenants. Options currently available to OEH include increasing the leverage on certain under-leveraged assets, issuing equity or debt instruments and disposing of non-core assets and sales of developed real estate.

 

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Contractual Obligations Summary

 

The following table summarizes OEH’s material known contractual obligations in 2012 and later years as of December 31, 2011, excluding accounts payable and accrued liabilities:

 

Year ended December 31,

 

2012
$’000

 

2013-2014
$’000

 

2015-2016
$’000

 

Thereafter
$’000

 

Total
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Debt

 

76,963

 

259,485

 

179,109

 

23,173

 

538,730

 

Capital leases

 

415

 

697

 

648

 

24,023

 

25,783

 

Debt of consolidated variable interest entities

 

1,784

 

3,600

 

74,047

 

11,098

 

90,529

 

Operating leases

 

8,857

 

17,693

 

16,987

 

88,088

 

131,625

 

Capital commitments

 

15,432

 

 

 

 

15,432

 

Interest payments

 

27,067

 

38,463

 

21,178

 

6,154

 

92,862

 

Pension obligations

 

418

 

912

 

1,050

 

3,250

 

5,630

 

Porto Cupecoy project

 

499

 

 

 

 

499

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

131,435

 

320,850

 

293,019

 

155,786

 

901,090

 

 

Interest payments have been calculated using the amortization profile of the debt outstanding at December 31, 2011, taking into account the fixed rate paid under interest rate swaps and the prevailing floating rates of interest at the year end.

 

At December 31, 2011, OEH has a provision of $4.8 million in respect of its uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740.  OEH is unable to estimate with any certainty when, or if, these liabilities will fall due.  Accordingly, they are excluded from the contractual obligations table.

 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

 

OEH had no material off-balance sheet arrangements at December 31, 2011 other than those involving its equity investees reported in Notes 1, 3, and 5 to the Financial Statements, and those described in commitments and contingencies in Note 18.

 

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

 

The preceding discussion and analysis of OEH’s financial condition and results of operations is based on its consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.  The preparation of these financial statements requires OEH management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses.  On an ongoing basis, OEH management evaluates these estimates.  Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that it believes are reasonable under the circumstances, the result of which form the basis for judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources.  Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

 

Critical accounting policies are those that reflect significant judgments or uncertainties, and potentially result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions.  OEH management believes the following are OEH’s most critical accounting policies and estimates.

 

Long-lived assets and goodwill

 

OEH management periodically evaluates the recoverability of long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.  These evaluations include analyses based on the undiscounted cash flows generated by the underlying assets, profitability information including estimated future operating results, trends or other determinants of fair value.  If the value of the asset determined by these evaluations is less than its carrying amount, a loss, if any, is recognized for the difference between the fair value and the carrying value of the asset.  Future adverse changes in market conditions or poor operating results of the related business may indicate an inability to recover the carrying value of the asset, thereby possibly requiring an impairment charge in the future.

 

OEH recognized a non-cash property, plant and equipment charge of $23.9 million for Keswick Hall in 2011. The carrying values of the assets were written down to the fair value to reflect the level of purchase offers received on the hotel and the price at which OEH was currently negotiating a sale at the time of the impairment. This hotel was classified as an asset held for sale at December 31, 2011 and any impairments were included within discontinued operations.  Subsequent to year end, OEH sold the hotel in January 2012 for $22.0 million.  See Note 2 to the Financial Statements.

 

In accordance with guidance, goodwill must be evaluated annually for impairment.  OEH’s goodwill impairment testing is performed in two steps, first, the determination of impairment based upon the fair value of each reporting unit as compared with its carrying value and, second, if there is an implied impairment, the measurement of the amount of the impairment loss is determined by comparing the implied fair value of goodwill with the carrying value of the goodwill. If the carrying value of the reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds its implied fair value, the goodwill is deemed to be impaired and is written down to the extent of the difference. The determination of impairment incorporates various assumptions and uncertainties that OEH believes are reasonable and supportable considering all available evidence, such as the future cash flows of the business, future growth rates and the related discount rate. However, these assumptions and uncertainties are, by their very nature, highly judgmental. If the assumptions are not met, OEH may be required to recognize additional goodwill impairment losses.

 

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During the year ended December 31, 2011, OEH identified goodwill impairments within its continuing operations of $7.9 million at Maroma Resort and Spa, $2.8 million at La Residencia, $1.2 million at Mount Nelson Hotel and $0.5 million at Westcliff Hotel. OEH determined these impairments were triggered as the hotels had circumstances relating to performance that required a reassessment and arose primarily because of expected reductions in future profits.  See Note 8 to the Financial Statements.

 

Other intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are also reviewed for impairment in accordance with the applicable guidance.

 

Depreciation

 

Real estate and other fixed assets are recorded at cost and are depreciated over their estimated useful lives by the straight-line method.  The depreciation rates on freehold buildings are up to 60 years with a 10% residual value, on trains are up to 75 years, and on machinery and other remaining assets range from 5 to 25 years.  Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of the estimated useful life or the respective lease terms including lease extensions that are reasonably assured.

 

Pensions

 

OEH’s primary defined benefit pension plan is accounted for using actuarial valuations as required under applicable accounting guidance. Management considers accounting for pensions critical to all of OEH’s operating segments because management is required to make significant subjective judgments about a number of actuarial assumptions, which include discount rates, long-term return on plan assets and mortality rates.  On May 31, 2006, the plan was closed to future benefit accrual.

 

Management believes that a 6.4% long-term return on plan assets in 2011 is reasonable despite the recent market volatility.  In determining the expected long-term rate of return on assets, management has reviewed anticipated future long-term performance of individual asset classes and the consideration of the appropriate asset allocation strategy given the anticipated requirements of the plan to determine the average rate of earnings expected on the funds invested.

 

The projected returns are based on broad equity and bond indices, including fixed interest rate gilts (U.K. government issued securities) of long-term duration since the plan operates in the U.K.

 

Management regularly reviews OEH’s actual asset allocation and periodically rebalances investments to targeted allocations when considered appropriate.  While the analysis considers recent fund performance and historical returns, the assumption is primarily a long-term, prospective rate.  Management will continue to evaluate the expected rate of return at least annually, and will adjust as necessary.

 

Depending on the assumptions and estimates used, pension expense could vary within a range of outcomes and have a material effect on OEH’s consolidated financial statements.  Management is currently monitoring and evaluating the level of pension contributions based on various factors that include investment performance, actuarial valuation and tax deductibility.  Management will evaluate the need for additional contributions in 2012 based on these factors.  Management believes that the cash flows from OEH’s operations will be sufficient to fund additional contributions, if any, to the plan.

 

Foreign currency

 

The functional currency for each of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is the applicable local currency, except for French West Indies, Brazil, Peru, Cambodia, Myanmar and one property in Mexico where the functional currency is U.S. dollars.

 

For foreign subsidiaries with a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar, income and expenses are translated into U.S. dollars, the reporting currency of the Company, at the average rates of exchange prevailing during the year.  The assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars at the rates of exchange on the balance sheet date and the related translation adjustments are included in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss).  Translation adjustments arising from intercompany financing that is long-term in nature are accounted for similarly.  Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are recognized in earnings as they occur.

 

Income Taxes

 

OEH’s income tax expense, deferred tax assets and liabilities and reserves for unrecognized tax benefits reflect management’s best assessment of estimated future taxes to be paid. Significant judgments and estimates are required in determining the consolidated income tax expense.

 

Deferred income taxes arise from temporary differences between the carrying value of assets and liabilities, and their tax basis. In evaluating OEH’s ability to recover deferred tax assets within the jurisdiction from which they arise, OEH considers all available positive and negative evidence, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies and recent financial operations. In projecting future taxable income, OEH begins with historical results adjusted for the results of discontinued operations and changes in accounting policies and incorporates assumptions including the amount of future state, federal and foreign pretax operating income, the reversal of temporary differences, and the implementation of feasible and prudent tax planning strategies. These assumptions require significant judgment about the forecasts of future taxable income and are consistent with the plans and estimates OEH is using to manage the underlying businesses. In evaluating the objective evidence that historical results provide, OEH considers three years of cumulative operating income (loss).  OEH maintains a valuation allowance to reduce its deferred tax assets to reflect the amount, based upon OEH’s estimates that would more likely than not be realized.  If OEH’s future operations differed from those in the estimates, OEH may need to increase or decrease the valuation allowance, which could affect its reported results.

 

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The calculation of OEH’s tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax laws and regulations in a multitude of jurisdictions across our global operations.  ASC 740 addresses accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in the financial statements.  ASC 740 provides that a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position may be recognized when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolutions of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits. This interpretation also provides guidance on measurement, derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition.  OEH recognizes tax liabilities in accordance with ASC Topic 740 and OEH adjusts these liabilities when OEH’s judgment changes as a result of the evaluation of new information not previously available. Due to the complexity of some of these uncertainties, the ultimate resolution may result in a payment that is materially different from OEH’s current estimate of the tax liabilities. These differences will be reflected as increases or decreases to income tax expense in the period in which they are determined.

 

Real estate development accounting

 

Revenue from real estate activities represents the proceeds from sales of undeveloped land and developed properties that OEH is holding for sale.  Profit from sales of land and developed properties is recognized upon closing using the full accrual method of accounting when closing has occurred, full payment has been received, title and possession of the property transfer to the buyer, and OEH has no significant continuing involvement in the property.

 

For projects still under construction and for sales of condominiums units, profit is recognized using the percentage of completion method, if the requirements  are met. The factors used to determine the appropriate accounting method are the legal commitment of the purchaser in the real estate contract, whether the construction of the project is beyond a preliminary phase, whether sufficient units have been contracted to ensure the project will not revert to a rental project, the ability to reasonably estimate the aggregate project sale proceeds and aggregate project costs, and the determination that the buyer has made an adequate initial and continuing cash investment under the contract.  In the event that the percentage of completion method cannot be applied, profit is deferred and the “deposit method” is applied. Under this method, all project-related costs are accumulated on the balance sheet as real estate assets held for sale and all customer sales proceeds are deferred on the balance sheet as deposits.

 

OEH management periodically evaluates the recoverability of real estate assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.  This resulted in a $36.9 million (2010 - $24.6 million and 2009 - $Nil) impairment charge for Porto Cupecoy and a $1.6 million impairment charge in property development at Keswick Hall.  The impairment is typically computed using Level 3 inputs, namely the estimated selling prices and estimated selling costs based on OEH’s recent experience with sales already completed.

 

Fair value measurements

 

Guidance on fair value measurements and disclosures (i) applies to certain assets and liabilities that are being measured and reported on a fair value basis, (ii) defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and expands disclosure about fair value measurements and (iii) enables the reader of the financial statements to assess the inputs to develop those measurements by establishing a hierarchy for ranking the quality and reliability of the information used to determine fair values.

 

Guidance requires that assets and liabilities carried at fair value be classified and disclosed in one of three categories, namely quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1), observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data (Level 2), and unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data (Level 3).

 

OEH reviews its fair value hierarchy classifications quarterly.  Changes in significant observable valuation inputs identified during these reviews may trigger reclassification of fair value hierarchy levels of financial assets and liabilities.  These reclassifications are reported as transfers in Level 3 at their fair values at the beginning of the period in which the change occurs and as transfers out at their fair values at the end of the period.

 

The fair value of OEH’s derivative financial instruments is computed based on an income approach using appropriate valuation techniques including discounting future cash flows and other methods that are consistent with accepted economic methodologies for pricing financial instruments.  Where credit value adjustments exceeded 20% of the fair value of the derivatives, Level 3 inputs are assumed to have a significant impact on the fair value of the derivatives in their entirety and the valuation has been included in the Level 3 category.

 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 

As of December 31, 2011, OEH had adopted all the relevant standards that impacted the accounting for revenue recognition on multiple-deliverable revenue arrangements, fair value measurements and disclosures and the performance of the second step of goodwill impairment testing, as reported in Note 1 to the Financial Statements.

 

Accounting pronouncements to be adopted

 

In May 2011, the FASB issued guidance on fair value measurement and disclosure requirements under U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”). The amendments in this update result in common fair value measurement and disclosure requirements under both U.S. GAAP and IFRS. Consequently, the amendments change the wording used to describe many of the requirements in U.S. GAAP for measuring fair value and for disclosing information about fair value measurements. The amendments in this update may change the application of the requirements of fair value measurement. This guidance will become effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011. The Company is still evaluating the impact that adoption of this guidance will have on its financial statements.

 

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In June 2011, the FASB issued guidance concerning the presentation of comprehensive income in the financial statements.  Under the amendments to the existing guidance, an entity has the option to present the total of comprehensive income, the components of net income, and the components of other comprehensive income either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. Under either option, an entity is required to present each component of net income along with total net income, each component of other comprehensive income along with a total for other comprehensive income, and a total amount for comprehensive income. The amendments eliminate the option to present the components of other comprehensive income as part of the statement of changes in total equity. The amendments in this update do not change the items that must be reported in other comprehensive income or when an item of other comprehensive income must be reclassified to net income. This guidance will become effective in fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2011.  However, in December 2011, the FASB issued guidance that defers only those changes that relate to the presentation of reclassification adjustments out of accumulated other comprehensive income. The provisions of this deferral guidance are also effective for public companies in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2011.  The Company is still evaluating the impact that adoption of this guidance will have on its financial statements.

 

In September 2011, the FASB issued new guidance related to annual goodwill impairment assessments that gives companies the option to perform a qualitative assessment before calculating the fair value of the reporting unit. Under this guidance, if this option is selected, a company is not required to calculate the fair value of a reporting unit unless the entity determines that it is more likely than not that its fair value is less than its carrying amount. This guidance will become effective for annual and interim goodwill impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2011, but early adoption is permitted. The Company has elected not to early adopt this guidance, but when adopted, it does not expect it to materially impact its consolidated financial statements.

 

In December 2011, the FASB issued accounting guidance that requires companies to provide new disclosures about offsetting assets and liabilities and related arrangements for financial instruments and derivatives. The provisions of this guidance are effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013, and are required to be applied retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that adoption of this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.

 

ITEM 7A.       Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

 

OEH is exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates.  These exposures are monitored and managed as part of its overall risk management program, which recognizes the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to mitigate material adverse effects on consolidated earnings and cash flow.  OEH does not hold market rate sensitive financial instruments for trading purposes.

 

The market risk relating to interest rates arises mainly from the financing activities of OEH.  Earnings are affected by changes in interest rates on floating rate borrowings, principally based on U.S. dollar LIBOR and EURIBOR, and on short-term cash investments.  OEH management assesses market risk based on changes in interest rates using a sensitivity analysis.  If interest rates increased by 10% with all other variables held constant, annual net finance costs of OEH would have increased by approximately $0.8 million based on borrowings outstanding at December 31, 2011.

 

The market risk relating to foreign currencies arises from holding assets, buying, selling and financing in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, principally the European euro, British pound, South African rand, Brazilian real and Australian dollar.  Some non-U.S. subsidiaries of the Company borrow in local currencies, and OEH may in the future enter into forward exchange contracts relating to purchases denominated in foreign currencies.

 

Ten of OEH’s owned hotels in 2011 operated in European euros, two operated in South African rand, one in Australian dollars, one in British pounds sterling, three in Botswana pula, one in Mexican pesos, one in Peruvian nuevo soles, six in various Southeast Asian currencies and one in Russian rubles. Revenue of the Venice Simplon-Orient-Express, British Pullman, Northern Belle and Royal Scotsman tourist trains was primarily in British pounds sterling, but the operating costs of the Venice Simplon-Orient-Express were mainly denominated in euros. Revenue of the Copacabana Palace and Hotel das Cataratas in Brazil was recorded in U.S. dollars, but substantially all of the hotels’ expenses were denominated in Brazilian reals. Revenue derived by Maroma Resort and Spa and La Samanna was recorded in U.S. dollars, but the majority of the hotels’ expenses were denominated in Mexican pesos and the euro, respectively.

 

OEH’s properties generally match foreign currency earnings and costs to provide a natural hedge against currency movements.  In addition, a significant proportion of the guests at OEH hotels located outside of the United States originate from the United States.  When a foreign currency in which OEH operates devalues against the U.S. dollar, OEH has some flexibility to increase prices in local currency, or vice versa.  Management believes that when these factors are combined, OEH does not face a material exposure to its net earnings from currency movements, although the reporting of OEH’s revenue and costs translated into U.S. dollars can, from period to period, be materially affected.

 

OEH management uses a sensitivity analysis to assess the potential impact on net earnings of changes in foreign currency financial instruments from hypothetical changes in the foreign currency exchange rates.  The primary assumption used in this model is a hypothetical 10% weakening or strengthening of the foreign currencies against the U.S. dollar.  At December 31, 2011, as a result of this analysis, OEH management determined that the impact on foreign currency financial instruments of a 10% strengthening of foreign currency exchange rates in relation to the U.S. dollar would decrease OEH’s net earnings by approximately $2.4 million, consisting of Russian ruble $1.0 million, Mexican peso $0.5 million and Thai baht $0.9 million.

 

52



Table of Contents

 

ITEM 8.       Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

Board of Directors and Shareholders

Orient-Express Hotels Ltd.

Hamilton, Bermuda

 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Orient-Express Hotels Ltd. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in total equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2011.  Our audits also included the consolidated financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15.  These financial statements and the financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management.  Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the financial statements and the financial statement schedule based on our audits.

 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).  Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement.  An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements.  An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.  We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Orient-Express Hotels Ltd. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2011, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.  Also in our opinion, such financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.

 

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011, based on the criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 29, 2012 expressed an adverse opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting because of a material weakness.

 

 

/s/ Deloitte LLP

 

 

 

London, England

 

February 29, 2012

 

 

53



Table of Contents

 

Orient-Express Hotels Ltd. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Balance Sheets

 

December 31,

 

2011
$’000

 

Restated (1)
2010
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Assets

 

 

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

90,104

 

150,107

 

Restricted cash

 

13,214

 

8,429

 

Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $602 and $474

 

44,972

 

49,553

 

Due from unconsolidated companies

 

10,754

 

5,985

 

Prepaid expenses and other

 

20,176

 

23,223

 

Inventories

 

44,499

 

43,546

 

Assets of discontinued operations held for sale

 

38,251

 

81,601

 

Real estate assets

 

32,021

 

60,278

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total current assets

 

293,991

 

422,722

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $289,185 and $264,377

 

1,174,119

 

1,231,188

 

Property, plant and equipment of consolidated variable interest entities

 

185,788

 

188,502

 

Investments in unconsolidated companies

 

60,012

 

60,428

 

Goodwill

 

161,460

 

177,498

 

Other intangible assets

 

19,465

 

20,007

 

Other assets

 

36,034

 

37,369

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1,930,869

 

2,137,714

 

 

54



Table of Contents

 

Orient-Express Hotels Ltd. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Balance Sheets (continued)

 

December 31,

 

2011
$’000

 

Restated (1)
2010
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Liabilities and Equity

 

 

 

 

 

Working capital facilities

 

 

1,174

 

Accounts payable

 

28,998

 

25,448

 

Accrued liabilities

 

87,617

 

71,554

 

Deferred revenue

 

30,881

 

28,082

 

Liabilities of discontinued operations held for sale

 

1,781

 

3,673

 

Current portion of long-term debt and obligations under capital leases

 

77,058

 

124,805

 

Current portion of long-term debt of consolidated variable interest entities

 

1,784

 

1,775

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total current liabilities

 

228,119

 

256,511

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Long-term debt and obligations under capital leases

 

466,830

 

511,336

 

Long-term debt of consolidated variable interest entities

 

88,745

 

90,529

 

Liability for pension benefit

 

8,642

 

5,617

 

Other liabilities

 

26,145

 

30,095

 

Deferred income taxes

 

94,036

 

106,702

 

Deferred income taxes of consolidated variable interest entities

 

61,072

 

61,835

 

Liability for uncertain tax positions

 

4,755

 

8,194

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

978,344

 

1,070,819

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Commitments and contingencies (Note 18)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Equity:

 

 

 

 

 

Shareholders’ equity:

 

 

 

 

 

Preferred shares $0.01 par value (30,000,000 shares authorized, issued Nil)

 

 

 

Class A common shares $0.01 par value (240,000,000 shares authorized):

 

 

 

 

 

Issued — 102,625,857 (2010 — 102,371,241)

 

1,026

 

1,023

 

Class B common shares $0.01 par value (120,000,000 shares authorized):

 

 

 

 

 

Issued — 18,044,478 (2010 — 18,044,478)

 

181

 

181

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Additional paid-in capital

 

975,330

 

968,492

 

Retained earnings

 

46,263

 

134,043

 

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

 

(72,289

)

(38,585

)

Less: Reduction due to class B common shares owned by a subsidiary — 18,044,478

 

(181

)

(181

)

Total shareholders’ equity

 

950,330

 

1,064,973

 

Non-controlling interests

 

2,195

 

1,922

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total equity

 

952,525

 

1,066,895

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1,930,869

 

2,137,714

 

 


(1) Opening retained earnings and deferred income taxes as at January 1, 2010 have been restated.  See Note 23.

 

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

55



Table of Contents

 

Orient-Express Hotels Ltd. and Subsidiaries

Statements of Consolidated Operations

 

 

 

2011

 

2010

 

2009

 

Year ended December 31,

 

$’000

 

$’000

 

$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Revenue

 

588,559

 

561,142

 

440,602

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Expenses:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Depreciation and amortization

 

45,965

 

44,710

 

39,022

 

Cost of services

 

277,530

 

302,532

 

213,379

 

Selling, general and administrative

 

226,675

 

185,944

 

160,375

 

Impairment of real estate assets, goodwill, other intangible assets, and property, plant and equipment

 

59,120

 

37,967

 

6,500

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total expenses

 

609,290

 

571,153

 

419,276

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment

 

16,544

 

 

1,385

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(Losses)/earnings from operations

 

(4,187

)

(10,011

)

22,711

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest expense, net

 

(41,234

)

(33,837

)

(31,054

)

Foreign currency, net

 

(4,229

)

5,678

 

(1,067

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net finance costs

 

(45,463

)

(28,159

)

(32,121

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Losses before provision for income taxes and earnings from unconsolidated companies, net of tax

 

(49,650

)

(38,170

)

(9,410

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Provision for income taxes

 

(20,167

)

(24,658

)

(13,732

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Losses before earnings from unconsolidated companies

 

(69,817

)

(62,828

)

(23,142

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Earnings from unconsolidated companies, net of tax of $2,270, $2,228 and $4,510

 

4,357

 

2,258

 

4,183

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net losses from continuing operations

 

(65,460

)

(60,570

)

(18,959

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Losses from discontinued operations, net of tax benefit of $3,722, $1,588 and $10,660

 

(22,136

)

(2,010

)

(49,778

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net losses

 

(87,596

)

(62,580

)

(68,737

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net earnings attributable to non-controlling interests

 

(184

)

(179

)

(60

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net losses attributable to Orient-Express Hotels Ltd.

 

(87,780

)

(62,759

)

(68,797

)

 

56



Table of Contents

 

Orient-Express Hotels Ltd. and Subsidiaries

Statements of Consolidated Operations (continued)

 

 

 

2011

 

2010

 

2009

 

Year ended December 31,

 

$

 

$

 

$

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic losses per share:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net losses from continuing operations

 

(0.64

)

(0.66

)

(0.28

)

Net losses from discontinued operations

 

(0.22

)

(0.02

)

(0.73

)

Basic net losses per share attributable to Orient-Express Hotels Ltd.

 

(0.86

)

(0.69

)

(1.01

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Diluted losses per share:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net losses from continuing operations

 

(0.64

)

(0.66

)

(0.28

)

Net losses from discontinued operations

 

(0.22

)

(0.02

)

(0.73

)

Diluted net losses per share attributable to Orient-Express Hotels Ltd.

 

(0.86

)

(0.69

)

(1.01

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Dividends per share

 

 

 

 

 

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

57



Table of Contents

 

Orient-Express Hotels Ltd. and Subsidiaries

Statements of Consolidated Cash Flows

 

Year ended December 31,

 

2011
$’000

 

2010
$’000

 

2009
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash flows from operating activities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net losses

 

(87,596

)

(62,580

)

(68,737

)

Less: Losses from discontinued operations, net of tax

 

(22,136

)

(2,010

)

(49,778

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net losses from continuing operations

 

(65,460

)

(60,570

)

(18,959

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Adjustment to reconcile net losses to net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Depreciation and amortization

 

45,965

 

44,710

 

39,022

 

Amortization of finance costs

 

7,029

 

4,785

 

3,430

 

Impairment of real estate assets, goodwill, other intangible assets, and property, plant and equipment

 

59,120

 

37,967

 

6,500

 

Undistributed earnings of unconsolidated companies, net of tax

 

(1,928

)

(499

)

(3,119

)

Share-based compensation

 

6,752

 

5,965

 

4,121

 

Change in deferred income tax

 

(5,728

)

1,424

 

7,210

 

Gains from disposal of property, plant and equipment

 

(13,372

)

 

(1,385

)

Decrease/(increase) in provisions for uncertain tax positions

 

(3,439

)

1,153

 

(4,202

)

Other non-cash items

 

(1,087

)

(3,425

)

2,651

 

Change in assets and liabilities, net of effects from acquisition of subsidiaries:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Decrease/(increase) in receivables, prepaid expenses and other

 

293

 

2,117

 

(6,498

)

(Increase)/decrease in due from unconsolidated companies

 

(4,090

)

5,959

 

(1,476

)

Increase in inventories

 

(1,517

)

(13

)

(129

)

Decrease/(increase) in real estate assets

 

6,703

 

50,197

 

(36,305

)

Increase/(decrease) in payables, accrued liabilities, and deferred revenue

 

15,685

 

(42,430

)

18,371

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations

 

44,926

 

47,340

 

9,232

 

Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities from discontinued operations

 

794

 

(8,465

)

(17,006

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities

 

45,720

 

38,875

 

(7,774

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash flows from investing activities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Capital expenditures

 

(60,610

)

(59,358

)

(71,344

)

Acquisitions and investments, net of cash acquired

 

(4,677

)

(51,192

)

(8,838

)

Increase in restricted cash

 

(6,343

)

(2,815

)

(7,477

)

Decrease in restricted cash

 

1,558

 

13,838

 

807

 

Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment

 

42,036

 

2,110

 

5,900

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net cash used in investing activities from continuing operations

 

(28,036

)

(97,417

)

(80,952

)

Net cash provided by investing activities from discontinued operations

 

15,238

 

19,691

 

61,948

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net cash used in investing activities

 

(12,798

)

(77,726

)

(19,004

)

 

58



Table of Contents

 

Orient-Express Hotels Ltd. and Subsidiaries

Statements of Consolidated Cash Flows (continued)

 

Year ended December 31,

 

2011
$’000

 

2010
$’000

 

2009
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash flows from financing activities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Proceeds from working capital facilities

 

 

1,174

 

6,253

 

Payments on working capital facilities

 

(1,072

)

(6,666

)

(47,518

)

Issuance of common shares

 

 

261,878

 

148,781

 

Issuance costs of common shares

 

(157

)

(13,826

)

(7,880

)

Stock options exercised

 

3

 

1

 

15

 

Issuance of long-term debt, net of issuance costs

 

118,416

 

381,158

 

42,244

 

Principal payments under long-term debt

 

(209,794

)

(500,197

)

(49,238

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net cash (used in)/provided by financing activities from continuing operations

 

(92,604

)

123,522

 

92,657

 

Net cash used in financing activities from discontinued operations

 

 

(6,757

)

(60,593

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net cash (used in)/provided by financing activities

 

(92,604

)

116,765

 

32,064

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents

 

(824

)

(54

)

1,799

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents

 

(60,506

)

77,860

 

7,085

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year (includes $722 (2011), $1,295 (2010), $1,676 (2009) of discontinued operations cash)

 

150,829

 

72,969

 

65,884

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year (includes $219 (2011), $722 (2010), $1,295 (2009) of discontinued operations cash)

 

90,323

 

150,829

 

72,969

 

 

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

59



Table of Contents

 

Orient-Express Hotels Ltd. and Subsidiaries

Statements of Changes in Consolidated Total Equity

 

 

 

Preferred
Shares
At Par
Value

 

Class A
Common
Shares
At Par
Value

 

Class B
Common
Shares
At Par
Value

 

Additional
Paid-In
Capital

 

Retained
Earnings

 

Accumulated
Other

Comprehensive
Income/

(Loss)

 

Common
Shares
Held By A
Subsidiary

 

Total
Comprehensive
Income/
(Loss)

 

Non-
Controlling
Interests

 

Total

 

 

 

$’000

 

$’000

 

$’000

 

$’000

 

$’000

 

$’000

 

$’000

 

$’000

 

$’000

 

$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance, January 1, 2009 (as restated) (1)

 

 

510

 

181

 

570,727

 

265,599

 

(60,210

)

(181

)

 

 

1,571

 

778,197

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Issuance of class A common shares in public offering, net of issuance costs

 

 

259

 

 

140,642

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

140,901

 

Share based compensation

 

 

 

 

4,121

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4,121

 

Stock options exercised

 

 

 

 

15

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

15

 

Comprehensive loss:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net losses on common shares

 

 

 

 

 

(68,797

)

 

 

(68,797

)

60

 

(68,737

)

Other comprehensive income

 

 

 

 

 

 

20,396

 

 

20,396

 

(47

)

20,349

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(48,401

)

 

 

 

 

Acquisition of non-controlling interest

 

 

 

 

(525

)

 

 

 

 

 

185

 

(340

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance, December 31, 2009 (as restated) (1)

 

 

769

 

181

 

714,980

 

196,802

 

(39,814

)

(181

)

 

 

1,769

 

874,506

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Issuance of class A common shares in public offering, net of issuance costs

 

 

253

 

 

247,799

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

248,052

 

Share based compensation

 

 

 

 

5,713

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5,713

 

Stock options exercised

 

 

1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

 

Comprehensive loss:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net losses on common shares

 

 

 

 

 

(62,759

)

 

 

(62,759

)

179

 

(62,580

)

Other comprehensive income

 

 

 

 

 

 

1,229

 

 

1,229

 

(26

)

1,203

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(61,530

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance, December 31, 2010 (as restated) (1)

 

 

1,023

 

181

 

968,492

 

134,043

 

(38,585

)

(181

)

 

 

1,922

 

1,066,895

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Issuance of class A common shares in public offering, net of issuance costs

 

 

 

 

(157

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

(157

)

Share based compensation

 

 

 

 

6,995

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6,995

 

Stock options exercised

 

 

3

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3

 

Comprehensive loss:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net losses on common shares

 

 

 

 

 

(87,780

)

 

 

(87,780

)

184

 

(87,596

)

Other comprehensive loss

 

 

 

 

 

 

(33,704

)

 

(33,704

)

89

 

(33,615

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(121,484

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance, December 31, 2011

 

 

1,026

 

181

 

975,330

 

46,263

 

(72,289

)

(181

)

 

 

2,195

 

952,525

 

 


(1)          Opening retained earnings and deferred income taxes as at January 1, 2009 and 2010 have been restated.  See Note 23.

 

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

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Orient-Express Hotels Ltd. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 

1.                                     Summary of significant accounting policies and basis of presentation

 

Business

 

In this report Orient-Express Hotels Ltd. is referred to as the “Company”, and the Company and its subsidiaries are referred to collectively as “OEH”.

 

At December 31, 2011, OEH owned or invested in, and managed, 41 deluxe hotels and resorts located in the United States, Mexico, Caribbean, Europe, Southern Africa, South America, Southeast Asia, Australia and South Pacific, a stand-alone restaurant in New York, six tourist trains in Europe, Southeast Asia and Peru, and a river cruise ship in Burma and five canal boats in France.

 

Basis of presentation

 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and reflect the results of operations, financial position and cash flows of the Company and all its majority-owned subsidiaries and variable interest entities in which OEH is the primary beneficiary.  The consolidated financial statements have been prepared using the historical basis in the assets and liabilities and the historical results of operations directly attributable to OEH, and all intercompany accounts and transactions between the Company and its subsidiaries have been eliminated.  Unconsolidated companies that are 20% to 50% owned are accounted for on an equity basis.

 

“FASB” means Financial Accounting Standards Board.  “ASC” means the Accounting Standards Codification of the FASB and “ASU” means an Accounting Standards Update of the FASB.

 

Discontinued operations

 

As reported in Note 2, OEH has presented certain activities within discontinued operations and, accordingly, the results of these activities have been reflected as discontinued operations for all periods presented. These activities are the hotels Keswick Hall, Bora Bora Lagoon Resort, Hôtel de la Cité, Lapa Palace, Windsor Court and Lilianfels Blue Mountains and the restaurant La Cabana.

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

Cash and cash equivalents include all cash balances and highly-liquid investments having original maturities of three months or less.

 

Loans to unconsolidated companies

 

OEH has reclassified an item it had previously reported within operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows for the periods presented. Loans granted  to unconsolidated companies were previously classified as operating activities from continuing operations and have been presented in cash flows from investing activities within acquisitions and investments, net of cash acquired. The amounts of reclassification are $4,907,000 and $8,752,000 in 2010 and 2009, respectively. The reclassification has no impact on changes in cash or cash equivalents or on the statements of consolidated operations or statements of consolidated total equity for the years presented, but did impact the consolidated balance sheets (see “Investments” in this Note 1).

 

Foreign currency

 

The functional currency for each of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is the applicable local currency, except for properties in French West Indies, Brazil, Peru, Cambodia, Myanmar and one property in Mexico, where the functional currency is U.S. dollars.

 

For foreign subsidiaries with a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar, income and expenses are translated into U.S. dollars, the reporting currency of the Company, at the average rates of exchange prevailing during the year.  The assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars at the rates of exchange on the balance sheet date and the related translation adjustments are included in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss).  Translation adjustments arising from intercompany financing of a subsidiary that is considered to be long-term in nature are accounted for and are also recorded in other comprehensive income/(loss) as they are considered part of the net investment in the subsidiary.  Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are recognized in earnings as they occur. Transactions in currencies other than an entity’s functional currency (foreign currencies) are recorded at the exchange rates prevailing on the dates of the transactions. All monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the exchange rates prevailing at the reporting date. Non-monetary items carried at historical cost are translated at the exchange rate prevailing on the date of transaction. Non-monetary items carried at fair value are translated at the exchange rate prevailing on the date on which the most recent fair value was determined. Exchange differences arising from changes in exchange rates are recognized in earnings as they occur.

 

Estimates

 

OEH bases its estimates on historical experience and also on assumptions that OEH believes are reasonable based on the relevant facts and circumstances of the estimate. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.

 

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Estimates include, among others, the allowance for doubtful accounts, fair value of derivative instruments, estimates for determining the fair value of goodwill, long-lived and other intangible asset impairment, stock compensation, depreciation and amortization, carrying value of assets including intangible assets, employee benefits, taxes, contingencies, and projected revenue and costs for real estate revenue recognition.  Actual results may differ from those estimates.

 

Share-based compensation

 

Equity settled-transactions

 

The cost of equity-settled transactions with employees is measured by reference to the fair value at the date on which equity instruments are granted and is recognized as an expense over the vesting period, which ends on the date on which the relevant employees become fully entitled to the award. The grant date fair value of share-based payment awards is determined using the Black-Scholes model.  See Note 17.

 

OEH also granted share-based payment awards with performance and market conditions to certain employees.  The fair value of the awards at the grant date is determined using the Monte Carlo simulation model.  For awards with market conditions, the conditions are incorporated into the calculations and the compensation value is not adjusted if the conditions are not met.  For awards with performance conditions, compensation expense is recognized when it becomes probable that the performance criteria specified in the awards will be achieved and, accordingly, the compensation value is adjusted following the changes in the estimates of shares likely to vest based on the performance criteria.

 

At each balance sheet date before vesting, the cumulative expense is calculated, representing the extent to which the vesting period has expired and management’s best estimate of the achievement or otherwise of non-market conditions and the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest or, in the case of an instrument subject to a market condition, be treated as vesting as described above. The movement in cumulative expense since the previous balance sheet date is recognized in the income statement, with a corresponding entry in equity.

 

Previously recognized compensation cost is not reversed if an employee share option for which the requisite service has been rendered expires unexercised (or unconverted).

 

If stock options are forfeited, then the compensation expense accrued is reversed.  OEH does not estimate a future forfeitures rate and does not incorporate it into the grant value on issue of the awards on the grounds of materiality. The forfeitures are recorded on date of occurrence.

 

Cash settled-transactions

 

The cost of cash-settled transactions is measured at fair value and recognized as an expense over the vesting period, with a corresponding liability recognized on the balance sheet.

 

Revenue recognition

 

Hotel and restaurant revenue is recognized when the rooms are occupied and the services are performed.  Tourist train and cruise revenue is recognized upon commencement of the journey.  Deferred revenue consisting of deposits paid in advance is recognized as revenue when the services are performed for hotels and restaurants and upon commencement of tourist train and cruise journeys.  Revenue under management contracts is recognized based upon the attainment of certain financial results, primarily revenue and operating earnings, in each contract as defined.

 

Real estate revenue recognition

 

Revenue from real estate activities represents the proceeds from sales of undeveloped land and developed properties that OEH is holding for sale.  Profit from sales of land and developed properties is recognized upon closing using the full accrual method of accounting when closing has occurred, full payment has been received, title and possession of the property transfer to the buyer, and OEH has no significant continuing involvement in the property.

 

For projects still under construction and for sales of condominiums units, profit is recognized using the percentage of completion method, if the requirements  are met. The factors used to determine the appropriate accounting method are the legal commitment of the purchaser in the real estate contract, whether the construction of the project is beyond a preliminary phase, whether sufficient units have been contracted to ensure the project will not revert to a rental project, the ability to reasonably estimate the aggregate project sale proceeds and aggregate project costs, and the determination that the buyer has made an adequate initial and continuing cash investment under the contract.  In the event that the percentage of completion method cannot be applied, profit is deferred and the “deposit method” is applied. Under this method, all project-related costs are accumulated on the balance sheet as real estate assets held for sale and all customer sales proceeds are deferred on the balance sheet as deposits.

 

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For the Porto Cupecoy project, the deposit method was applied as the criteria to apply the percentage of completion method were not met due to OEH management’s conclusion that it was no longer possible to estimate reliably total project sales proceeds and profit. Starting in 2010, OEH began to recognize revenues from Porto Cupecoy because the development was substantially completed and units were being delivered to buyers and title transferred as sales were completed.   Revenue on condominium sales of the Porto Cupecoy project  is recognized when the requirements for consummation of a sale have been met, namely when the parties are bound by a contract, all consideration has been exchanged, the seller is not providing any permanent financing, and transfer of legal title to the buyer has occurred.  Upon delivery of the condominium unit to the buyer, the risks and rewards of ownership of the unit have passed to the buyer, consideration has been received, no further performance is required by OEH, and OEH has no continuing involvement in the unit and therefore revenue is recognized. For the Porto Cupecoy development, so long as the ultimate profitability of the project remains uncertain, no profit is recognized on these sales, and the property remaining on the balance sheet continues to be evaluated for potential additional impairment charges. For condominium units under contract but not yet delivered to the buyer, the deposit method is applied because revenue recognition criteria have not been met.

 

Other revenues include revenue earned from management and administrative support services provided to unconsolidated entities that are recognized as the services are provided.

 

Earnings from unconsolidated companies

 

Earnings from unconsolidated companies include OEH’s share of the net earnings of its equity investments as well as interest income related to loans and advances to the equity investees. Interest income specifically related to Hotel Ritz, Madrid, and amounted to $560,000 in 2011 (2010 - $372,000; 2009 - $Nil). See Note 22.

 

Marketing costs

 

Marketing costs are expensed as incurred (except in the case of real estate projects), and are reported in selling, general and administrative expenses.  Marketing costs include costs of advertising and other marketing activities.  These costs were $38,559,000 in 2011 (2010 - $32,502,000; 2009 - $28,433,000).

 

Interest expense, net

 

Interest expense, net includes $2,381,000 of interest income in 2011 (2010 - $1,315,000; 2009 - $1,172,000). OEH capitalizes interest during the construction of assets. Interest expense, net excludes interest which has been capitalized in the amount of $863,000 in 2011 (2010 - $3,130,000; 2009 - $5,275,000).

 

Foreign currency, net

 

Foreign currency, net consists entirely of foreign currency exchange transaction loss of $4,229,000 in 2011 (2010 — gain of $5,678,000; 2009 — loss of $1,067,000).

 

Income taxes

 

OEH accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of transactions and events that have been recognized in the financial statements but have not yet been reflected in OEH’s income tax returns, or vice versa.

 

Deferred income taxes result from temporary differences between the carrying value of assets and liabilities recognized for financial reporting purposes and their respective tax bases.  Deferred taxes are measured at enacted statutory rates and are adjusted as enacted rates change. Classification of deferred tax assets and liabilities corresponds with the classification of the underlying assets and liabilities giving rise to the temporary differences or the period of expected reversal, as applicable.  A valuation allowance is established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized based on available evidence.

 

In evaluating OEH’s ability to recover deferred tax assets within the jurisdiction in which they arise, management considers all available evidence, both positive and negative, which includes reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies and recent financial operations. Management reassesses the need for valuation allowances at each reporting date. Any increase or decrease in a valuation allowance will increase or reduce respectively the income tax expense in the period in which there has been a change in judgment.

 

Income tax positions must meet a more-likely-than-not threshold to be recognized in the financial statements. Management recognizes tax liabilities in accordance with U.S. GAAP applicable to uncertain tax positions, and adjusts these liabilities when judgment changes as a result of the evaluation of new information not previously available. Due to the complexity of some of these uncertainties, the ultimate resolution may result in a payment that is materially different from OEH’s current estimate of the tax liabilities. These differences will be reflected as increases or decreases to income tax expense in the period in which the actual tax liabilities are determined or the statute of limitations has expired.  OEH recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits within the income tax expense line in the consolidated statements of operations. Liabilities for uncertain tax benefits are included in the consolidated balance sheets and classified as current or non-current liabilities depending on the expected timing of payment.

 

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Earnings per share

 

Basic earnings per share exclude dilution and are computed by dividing net earnings/(losses) available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of class A and B common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per share reflect the increase in shares using the treasury stock method to reflect the impact of an equivalent number of shares of stock if share options were exercised and share-based awards were converted into common shares.

 

A reconciliation of the numerator and denominator used to calculate basic and diluted earnings per share is as follows:

 

Year ended December 31,

 

2011
‘000

 

2010
‘000

 

2009
‘000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Numerator

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Losses from continuing operations

 

$

(65,460

)

$

(60,570

)

$

(18,959

)

Losses from discontinued operations

 

(22,136

)

(2,010

)

(49,778

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net losses

 

(87,596

)

(62,580

)

(68,737

)

Net earnings attributable to non-controlling interests

 

(184

)

(179

)

(60

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net losses attributable to Orient-Express Hotels Ltd.

 

$

(87,780

)

$

(62,759

)

$

(68,797

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Denominator

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic weighted average shares outstanding

 

102,531

 

91,545

 

68,046

 

Effect of dilution

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Diluted weighted average shares outstanding

 

102,531

 

91,545

 

68,046

 

 

For the three years ended December 31, 2011, all share options and share-based awards were excluded from the calculation of the diluted weighted average number of shares because OEH incurred a net loss in all periods and the effect of their inclusion would be anti-dilutive. The number of share options and share-based awards excluded from the weighted average shares outstanding was as follows:

 

Year ended December 31,

 

2011

 

2010

 

2009

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Share options

 

2,803,368

 

2,159,624

 

1,367,530

 

Share-based awards

 

695,790

 

577,204

 

363,373

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3,499,158

 

2,736,828

 

1,730,903

 

 

The numbers of share options and share-based awards at December 31, 2011 were 3,731,699 (2010 - 3,461,070; 2009 - 2,350,422).

 

Inventories

 

Inventories include food, beverages, certain operating stocks and retail goods.  Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market value under the first-in, first-out method.

 

Property, plant and equipment, net

 

Property, plant and equipment, net are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation.  The cost of significant renewals and betterments is capitalized and depreciated, while expenditures for normal maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred.

 

Depreciation expense is computed using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives:

 

Description

 

Useful lives

Buildings

 

Up to 60 years and 10% residual value

Tourist trains

 

Up to 75 years

River cruise ship and canal boats

 

25 years

Furniture, fixtures and equipment

 

5 to 25 years

Equipment under capital lease and leasehold improvements

 

Lesser of initial lease term or economic life

 

Land and certain art and antiques are not depreciated.

 

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Real estate assets

 

Real estate assets consist primarily of inventory costs of real estate property developments.  Expenditures directly related to non-hotel real estate developments, such as real estate taxes and capital improvements, are capitalized.  Inventory costs of real estate developments include construction costs and ancillary costs, which are expensed as real estate revenue is recorded.  Direct selling costs, such as the costs of model apartments and their furnishings and semi-permanent signs, are capitalized within the cost of real estate assets for sale.  Other costs directly associated with sales, such as direct sales commissions, are recorded as prepaid expenses and charged to expense in the period in which the related revenue is recognized as earned.  Costs that do not meet the criteria for capitalization, such as the salaries of sales personnel, general and administrative expenses of the sales office, advertising and promotions, are expensed as incurred.  Land property development costs are accumulated by project and are allocated to individual residential units, principally using the relative sales value method.

 

Impairment of long-lived assets

 

OEH management evaluates the carrying value of long-lived assets for impairment by comparing the expected undiscounted future cash flows of the assets to the net book value of the assets if certain trigger events occur. If the expected undiscounted future cash flows are less than the net book value of the assets, the excess of the net book value over the estimated fair value is charged to current earnings. Fair value is based upon discounted cash flows of the assets at a rate deemed reasonable for the type of asset and prevailing market conditions, sales of similar assets, appraisals and, if appropriate, current estimated net sales proceeds from pending offers.  OEH evaluates the carrying value of long-lived assets based on its plans, at the time, for such assets and such qualitative factors as future development in the surrounding area, status of expected local competition and projected incremental income from renovations. Changes to OEH’s plans, including a decision to dispose of or change the intended use of an asset, can have a material impact on the carrying value of the asset.

 

Investments

 

Investments include equity interests in and advances to unconsolidated companies and are accounted for under the equity method of accounting when OEH has a 20% to 50% ownership interest or exercises significant influence over the investee. Under the equity method, the investment in the equity method investee or joint venture is initially recognized in the consolidated balance sheet at cost and adjusted thereafter to recognize OEH’s share of net earnings or losses and other comprehensive income or loss of the investee. OEH will continue to report losses up to its investment carrying amount, including any additional financial support made or committed to by OEH. OEH’s share of earnings or losses is included in the determination of net income and net investment in investees and joint ventures is included within investments in unconsolidated companies in the consolidated balance sheet.

 

Investments accounted for using the equity method are considered impaired when a loss in the value of the equity method investment is other than temporary.  Evidence of a loss in value might include, but would not necessarily be limited to, absence of an ability to recover the carrying amount of the investment or inability of the investee to sustain its earnings capacity that would justify the carrying amount of the investment. If OEH determines that the decline in value of its investment is other than temporary, the carrying amount of the investment is written down to its fair value.

 

OEH has reclassified an item it previously reported within total current assets on the consolidated balance sheets for the periods presented.  Advances granted to the Hotel Ritz Madrid joint venture previously classified within due from unconsolidated companies have been presented within other assets.  The amount of the reclassification in 2010 was $13,658,000.  The reclassification has no impact on changes in cash or cash equivalents or on the statements of consolidated operations for the years presented, but did impact the statements of consolidated cash flows (see “Loans to unconsolidated companies” in this Note 1).

 

All other unconsolidated investments are generally accounted for under the cost method.

 

Goodwill and other intangible assets

 

Goodwill is not amortized and must be evaluated at least annually to assess impairment, or more frequently if circumstances indicate that reporting unit carrying values may exceed their fair values. Goodwill impairment testing is performed in two steps: first, the determination of impairment based upon the fair value of each reporting unit as compared with its carrying value and, second, if there is an implied impairment, the measurement of the amount of the impairment loss is determined by comparing the implied fair value of goodwill with the carrying value of the goodwill. If the carrying value of the reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds its implied fair value, the goodwill is deemed to be impaired and is written down to the extent of the difference. The determination of impairment incorporates various assumptions and uncertainties that OEH believes are reasonable and supportable considering all available evidence, such as the future cash flows of the business, future growth rates and the related discount rate. Other intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are also reviewed for impairment, and are tested for impairment annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset may be impaired.

 

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Concentration of credit risk

 

Due to the nature of the leisure industry, concentration of credit risk with respect to trade receivables is limited.  OEH’s customer base is comprised of numerous customers across different geographic areas.

 

Pensions

 

OEH’s primary defined benefit pension plan is accounted for using actuarial valuations.  Net funded status is recognized on the balance sheet and any unrecognized prior service costs, actuarial gains and losses, or transition obligation are reported as a component of other comprehensive income/(loss) in shareholders’ equity. See Note 13.

 

In determining the expected long-term rate of return on assets, management has reviewed anticipated future long-term performance of individual asset classes and the appropriate asset allocation strategy given the anticipated requirements of the plan to determine the average rate of earnings expected on the funds invested.  The projected returns are based on broad equity and bond indices, including fixed interest rate gilts (United Kingdom Government issued securities) of long-term duration since the plan operates in the U.K.

 

Management reviews OEH’s actual asset allocation on an annual basis and rebalances investments to targeted allocations when considered appropriate.  While the analysis considers recent fund performance and historical returns, the assumption is primarily a long-term, prospective rate.

 

Management continues to monitor and evaluate the level of pension contributions based on various factors that include investment performance, actuarial valuation and tax deductibility.

 

Derivative financial instruments

 

All derivative instruments are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value.  If a derivative instrument is not designated as a hedge for accounting purposes, the fluctuations in the fair value of the derivative are recorded in earnings.

 

If a derivative is designated as a fair value hedge, the changes in the fair value of the derivative and of the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in earnings.  If a derivative is designated as a cash flow hedge, the effective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is recorded in other comprehensive income/(loss) and is recognized in the statements of consolidated operations when the hedged item affects earnings.  The ineffective portion of a hedging derivative’s change in the fair value will be immediately recognized in earnings.

 

OEH management formally documents all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk management objectives and strategies for undertaking various hedge transactions.  OEH links all hedges that are designated as fair value hedges to specific assets or liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet or to specific firm commitments.  OEH links all hedges that are designated as cash flow hedges to forecasted transactions or to floating rate liabilities on the balance sheet.  OEH management also assesses, both at the inception of the hedge and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivatives that are designated in hedging relationships are highly effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows of hedged items.  Should it be determined that a derivative is not highly effective as a hedge, OEH will discontinue hedge accounting prospectively and amounts held in accumulated other comprehensive income would be recognized within interest expense.

 

OEH is exposed to interest rate risk on its floating rate debt and management uses derivatives to manage the impact of interest rate changes on earnings and cash flows.  OEH’s policy is to enter into interest rate swap and interest rate cap agreements from time to time to hedge the variability in interest rate cash flows on floating rate debt.  These swaps effectively convert the floating rate interest payments on a portion of the outstanding debt into fixed payments.

 

Hedges of net investments in foreign operations are accounted for similarly to cash flow hedges.  Any gain or loss on the hedging instrument relating to the effective portion of the hedge is recorded in other comprehensive income/(loss) within foreign currency translation adjustment.  The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion will be recognized immediately in earnings within foreign currency gains and losses.  Gains and losses deferred in other comprehensive income/(loss) are recognized in earnings upon disposal of the foreign operation.  OEH links all hedges that are designated as net investment hedges to specifically identified net investments in foreign subsidiaries.

 

Fair value measurements

 

Guidance on fair value measurements and disclosures (i) applies to certain assets and liabilities that are being measured and reported on a fair value basis, (ii) defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and expands disclosure about fair value measurements and (iii) enables the reader of the financial statements to assess the inputs to develop those measurements by establishing a hierarchy for ranking the quality and reliability of the information used to determine fair values.

 

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Guidance requires that assets and liabilities carried at fair value be classified and disclosed in one of three categories, namely quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1), observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data (Level 2), and unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data (Level 3).

 

OEH reviews its fair value hierarchy classifications quarterly.  Changes in significant observable valuation inputs identified during these reviews may trigger reclassification of fair value hierarchy levels of financial assets and liabilities.  These reclassifications are reported as transfers in Level 3 at their fair values at the beginning of the period in which the change occurs and as transfers out at their fair values at the end of the period.

 

The fair value of OEH’s derivative financial instruments is computed based on an income approach using appropriate valuation techniques including discounting future cash flows and other methods that are consistent with accepted economic methodologies for pricing financial instruments.  Where credit value adjustments exceeded 20% of the fair value of the derivatives, Level 3 inputs are assumed to have a significant impact on the fair value of the derivatives in their entirety and the valuation has been included in the Level 3 category.

 

Recent accounting pronouncements

 

In January 2010, the FASB issued an amendment to the accounting for fair value measurements and disclosures requiring a gross presentation of changes within Level 3 valuations period to period as a rollforward, and added a new requirement to disclose transfers in and out of Level 1 and Level 2 measurements. The new disclosures apply to all entities that report recurring and nonrecurring fair value measurements. This amendment is effective in the first interim reporting period beginning after December 15, 2009, with an exception for the gross presentation of Level 3 rollforward information, which is required for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2010, and for interim reporting periods within those years. The adoption of the provisions of this amendment required in the first interim period after December 15, 2009 did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statement disclosures. In addition, the adoption of the provisions of this amendment required for periods beginning after December 15, 2010 did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statement disclosures. See Note 19.

 

Effective January 1, 2011, the Company has adopted guidance issued by the FASB in October 2009 that amends the accounting for revenue recognition on multiple-deliverable revenue arrangements. Specifically, the guidance addresses the unit of accounting for arrangements involving multiple deliverables. It also addresses how arrangement consideration should be allocated to the separate units of accounting, when applicable. The adoption of the provisions of this amendment is required for fiscal years beginning on or after June 15, 2010 and did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

 

In December 2010, the FASB issued guidance concerning the performance of the second step of goodwill impairment testing, namely measurement of the amount of an impairment loss. The ASU amends the criteria for performing the second step for reporting units with zero or negative carrying amounts and requires performing the second step if qualitative factors indicate that it is more likely than not that a goodwill impairment exists. The adoption of the provisions of this ASU required for any impairment tests performed in periods beginning after December 15, 2010 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

 

Accounting pronouncements to be adopted

 

In May 2011, the FASB issued guidance on fair value measurement and disclosure requirements under U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”). The amendments in this update result in common fair value measurement and disclosure requirements under both U.S. GAAP and IFRS. Consequently, the amendments change the wording used to describe many of the requirements in U.S. GAAP for measuring fair value and for disclosing information about fair value measurements. The amendments in this update may change the application of the requirements of fair value measurement. This guidance will become effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011. The Company is still evaluating the impact that adoption of this guidance will have on its financial statements.

 

In June 2011, the FASB issued guidance concerning the presentation of comprehensive income in the financial statements.  Under the amendments to the existing guidance, an entity has the option to present the total of comprehensive income, the components of net income, and the components of other comprehensive income either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. Under either option, an entity is required to present each component of net income along with total net income, each component of other comprehensive income along with a total for other comprehensive income, and a total amount for comprehensive income. The amendments eliminate the option to present the components of other comprehensive income as part of the statement of changes in total equity. The amendments in this update do not change the items that must be reported in other comprehensive income or when an item of other comprehensive income must be reclassified to net income. This guidance will become effective in fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2011.  However, in December 2011, the FASB issued guidance that defers only those changes that relate to the presentation of reclassification adjustments out of accumulated other comprehensive income. The provisions of this deferral guidance are also effective for public companies in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2011.  The Company is still evaluating the impact that adoption of this guidance will have on its financial statements.

 

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In September 2011, the FASB issued new guidance related to annual goodwill impairment assessments that gives companies the option to perform a qualitative assessment before calculating the fair value of the reporting unit. Under this guidance, if this option is selected, a company is not required to calculate the fair value of a reporting unit unless the entity determines that it is more likely than not that its fair value is less than its carrying amount. This guidance will become effective for annual and interim goodwill impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2011, but early adoption is permitted. The Company has elected not to early adopt this guidance, but when adopted, it does not expect it to materially impact its consolidated financial statements.

 

In December 2011, the FASB issued accounting guidance that requires companies to provide new disclosures about offsetting assets and liabilities and related arrangements for financial instruments and derivatives. The provisions of this guidance are effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013, and are required to be applied retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that adoption of this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.

 

2.            Discontinued operations

 

At January 1, 2009, the only property classified as held for sale was Bora Bora Lagoon Resort, French Polynesia. During 2009, OEH completed the sales of the Lapa Palace Hotel, Lisbon, Portugal and the Windsor Court Hotel, New Orleans, Louisiana and classified Lilianfels Blue Mountains, New South Wales, Australia and La Cabana restaurant, Buenos Aires, Argentina as held for sale at December 31, 2009.

 

During 2010, OEH sold Lilianfels Blue Mountains and La Cabana restaurant, and classified Hôtel de la Cité, Carcassonne, France and the Internet-based companies O.E. Interactive Ltd. and Luxurytravel.com UK Ltd. as held for sale at December 31, 2010.

 

During 2011, Hôtel de la Cité was sold, the Internet-based companies were transferred back to continuing operations, and Keswick Hall, Charlottesville, Virginia was classified as held for sale, leaving Keswick Hall and Bora Bora Lagoon Resort classified as held for sale at December 31, 2011.

 

(a)          Hôtel de la Cité

 

On August 1, 2011, OEH completed the sale of the property and operations of Hôtel de la Cité in Carcassonne, France for a cash consideration of €9,000,000 ($12,933,000). The hotel was a part of OEH’s hotels and restaurants segment. The disposal resulted in a gain of $2,182,000 (including a $3,018,000 transfer of foreign currency translation gain from other comprehensive income), which is reported within earnings/(losses) from discontinued operations, net of tax.

 

The following is a summary of the net assets sold and gain on sale:

 

 

 

August 1, 2011
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

Property, plant and equipment, net

 

13,147

 

Net working capital surplus

 

266

 

Other assets

 

 

Deferred income taxes

 

 

Net assets

 

13,413

 

Transfer of foreign currency translation gain

 

(3,018

)

 

 

10,395

 

Consideration:

 

 

 

Cash

 

12,933

 

Less: Costs to sell

 

(356

)

 

 

12,577

 

 

 

 

 

Gain on sale

 

2,182

 

 

Results of discontinued operations of Hôtel de la Cité were as follows:

 

Year ended December 31,

 

2011
$’000

 

2010
$’000

 

2009
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Revenue

 

3,743

 

6,165

 

5,616

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Losses before tax and gain on sale/ impairment

 

(212

)

(197

)

(904

)

Gain on sale/impairment

 

2,182

 

(5,989

)

 

Earnings/(losses) before tax

 

1,970

 

(6,186

)

(904

)

Tax (provision)/benefit

 

(784

)

1,684

 

2,105

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net earnings/(losses) from discontinued operations

 

1,186

 

(4,502

)

1,201

 

 

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In the year ended December 31, 2010, OEH identified and recorded a non-cash property, plant and equipment impairment charge of $5,989,000 in respect of Hôtel de la Cité. The carrying values of the assets were written down to the fair value to reflect the level of offers being received at that time for the purchase of the hotel.

 

(b)          La Cabana

 

On May 25, 2010, OEH completed the sale of the restaurant La Cabana in Buenos Aires, Argentina for cash consideration of $2,712,000. The restaurant was a part of OEH’s hotels and restaurants segment. The disposal resulted in a loss on sale of $460,000 (including a $294,000 transfer of foreign currency gain from other comprehensive income) which is reported within earnings/(losses) from discontinued operations, net of tax. The assets of La Cabana were sold in December 2009 and the shares in the restaurant-owning company in May 2010.

 

The following is a summary of the net assets sold and loss on sale:

 

 

 

May 25, 2010
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

Property, plant and equipment, net

 

2,985

 

Net working capital surplus

 

170

 

Other assets

 

43

 

Net assets

 

3,198

 

Transfer of foreign currency translation gain

 

(294

)

 

 

2,904

 

Consideration:

 

 

 

Cash

 

2,712

 

Less: Costs to sell

 

(268

)

 

 

2,444

 

 

 

 

 

Loss on sale

 

(460

)

 

Results of discontinued operations of La Cabana were as follows:

 

Year ended December 31,

 

2011
$’000

 

2010
$’000

 

2009
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Revenue

 

 

 

1,143

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Losses before tax and loss on sale/impairment

 

 

 

(627

)

Loss on sale/impairment

 

 

(460

)

(5,368

)

Losses before tax

 

 

(460

)

(5,995

)

Tax provision

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net losses from discontinued operations

 

 

(460

)

(5,995

)

 

An impairment loss of $5,368,000 was recognized for La Cabana tangible assets in the year ended December 31, 2009, to reflect the level of offers being received on the restaurant.

 

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(c)                               Lilianfels Blue Mountains

 

On January 29, 2010, OEH completed the sale of the property and operations of Lilianfels Blue Mountains in Katoomba, Australia for a cash consideration of $18,667,000. The hotel was a part of OEH’s hotels and restaurants segment. The disposal resulted in a gain of $7,183,000 (including a $7,292,000 transfer of foreign currency translation gain from other comprehensive income) which is reported within earnings/(losses) from discontinued operations, net of tax.

 

The following is a summary of the net assets sold and gain on sale:

 

 

 

January 29, 2010
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

Property, plant and equipment, net

 

18,582

 

Net working capital surplus

 

66

 

Other assets

 

158

 

Deferred income taxes

 

(730

)

Net assets

 

18,076

 

Transfer of foreign currency translation gain

 

(7,292

)

 

 

10,784

 

Consideration:

 

 

 

Cash

 

18,667

 

Less: Costs to sell

 

(700

)

 

 

17,967

 

 

 

 

 

Gain on sale

 

7,183

 

 

Results of discontinued operations of Lilianfels Blue Mountains were as follows:

 

Year ended December 31,

 

2011
$’000

 

2010
$’000

 

2009
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Revenue

 

 

856

 

9,555

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Earnings/(losses) before tax and gain on sale/(impairment)

 

 

(132

)

246

 

Gain on sale/(impairment)

 

 

7,183

 

(10,357

)

Earnings/(losses) before tax

 

 

7,051

 

(10,111

)

Tax provision

 

 

 

1,847

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net earnings /(losses) from discontinued operations

 

 

7,051

 

(8,264

)

 

In the year ended December 31, 2009, OEH identified a non-cash property, plant and equipment impairment charge of $9,809,000 in respect of Lilianfels Blue Mountains. The carrying value of the assets was written down to the fair value based on management’s best estimate. In addition, an impairment of goodwill of $548,000 was recognized in the first quarter of 2009.

 

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(d)                              Windsor Court Hotel

 

On October 2, 2009, OEH sold the net assets of Windsor Court Hotel in New Orleans, Louisiana for a cash consideration of $44,250,000. The hotel was a part of OEH’s hotels and restaurants segment.  The disposal resulted in a loss on sale of $1,089,000 which is reported within earnings/(losses) from discontinued operations, net of tax.

 

The following is a summary of the net assets sold and loss on sale:

 

 

 

October 2, 2009
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

Property, plant and equipment, net

 

43,040

 

Net working capital surplus

 

928

 

Deferred costs

 

459

 

Net assets

 

44,427

 

 

 

 

 

Consideration:

 

 

 

Cash

 

44,250

 

Less: Working capital adjustment

 

(266

)

Less: Costs to sell

 

(646

)

 

 

43,338

 

 

 

 

 

Loss on sale

 

(1,089

)

 

Results of discontinued operations of Windsor Court Hotel were as follows:

 

Year ended December 31,

 

2011
$’000

 

2010
$’000

 

2009
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Revenue

 

 

 

16,963

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Losses before tax, loss on sale and impairment

 

 

(1,699

)

(4,048

)

Loss on sale/impairment

 

 

 

(22,638

)

Losses before tax

 

 

(1,699

)

(26,686

)

Tax benefit

 

 

 

6,114

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net losses from discontinued operations

 

 

(1,699

)

(20,572

)

 

In 2010, a loss of $1,699,000 at Windsor Court Hotel was recorded following settlement of an insurance claim for $500,000, resulting in a write-off of costs above that amount.

 

In the year ended December 31, 2009, OEH identified and recorded a non-cash property, plant and equipment impairment charge of $21,549,000 in respect of Windsor Court Hotel. The carrying values of the assets were written down to the fair values to reflect the level of offers being received at the time for the purchase of the hotel.

 

(e)                           Lapa Palace Hotel

 

On June 2, 2009, OEH sold the shares in its Lapa Palace Hotel subsidiary in Lisbon, Portugal for $41,983,000. The hotel was a part of OEH’s hotels and restaurants segment.  Of the sale price, $26,287,000 was received in cash on the date of sale and the remaining amount was received in 2010. The disposal resulted in a gain on sale of $4,826,000 (including a $6,719,000 transfer of foreign currency gain from other comprehensive income) which is reported within earnings/(losses) from discontinued operations, net of tax.

 

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The following is a summary of the net assets sold and gain on sale:

 

 

 

June 2, 2009
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

Cash

 

1,303

 

Property, plant and equipment, net

 

43,333

 

Net working capital deficit

 

(281

)

Loans

 

(715

)

Deferred income tax

 

(965

)

Net assets

 

42,675

 

Transfer of foreign currency translation gain

 

(6,719

)

 

 

35,956

 

Consideration:

 

 

 

Cash

 

26,287

 

Deferred, discounted to present value

 

15,394

 

Less: Costs to sell

 

(899

)

 

 

40,782

 

 

 

 

 

Gain on sale

 

4,826

 

 

Results of discontinued operations of the Lapa Palace Hotel were as follows, with 2010 earnings relating to interest income:

 

Year ended December 31,

 

2011
$’000

 

2010
$’000

 

2009
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Revenue

 

 

 

2,860

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Earnings/(losses) before tax and gain on sale

 

 

280

 

(827

)

Gain on sale

 

 

 

4,826

 

Earnings before tax

 

 

280

 

3,999

 

Tax provision

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net earnings from discontinued operations

 

 

280

 

3,999

 

 

(f)                                  Assets held for sale: Bora Bora Lagoon Resort and Keswick Hall

 

As previously reported, OEH is selling its investment in Bora Bora Lagoon Resort, which is included in the hotels and restaurant segment.  The property sustained damage as a result of a cyclone in February 2010 and is currently closed. OEH has entered into an agreement to sell the hotel and is currently in the process of completing the sale.

 

In December 2011, OEH decided to sell Keswick Hall and its adjoining property development in Charlottesville, Virginia as an asset non-core to its future business, thereby releasing funds for reinvestment in other OEH properties with expected better returns. The hotel is included in the hotels and restaurants segment and the adjoining property development is included in the real estate segment.  These properties have been reclassified as held for sale and the results have been presented as discontinued operations for all periods presented. The sale was completed in January 2012.

 

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Summarized operating results of the properties held for sale as at December 31, 2011 are as follows:

 

Year ended December 31,

 

2011
$’000

 

2010
$’000

 

2009
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Revenue

 

15,359

 

11,364

 

17,816

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Losses before tax and impairment

 

(1,744

)

(2,289

)

(4,231

)

Impairment

 

(26,084

)

(295

)

(16,510

)

Losses before tax

 

(27,828

)

(2,584

)

(20,741

)

Tax benefit/(provision)

 

4,506

 

(96

)

594

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net losses from discontinued operations

 

(23,322

)

(2,680

)

(20,147

)

 

Revenue from the Keswick Hall property development in 2011 included the sales of two model homes for $1,876,000 and $1,250,000 in the first and fourth quarters of the year, respectively. These sales resulted in a loss on disposal of $16,000 in the year ended December 31, 2011. In the year ended December 31, 2010, OEH recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $1,600,000 against the carrying value of the two model homes. This charge resulted primarily from offers on one of the model homes that did not exceed the carrying value of those assets.

 

In the year ended December 31, 2011, OEH identified and recorded a non-cash property, plant and equipment impairment charge of $23,934,000 in respect of Keswick Hall. The carrying values of the assets were written down to the estimated fair value of $20,000,000 as at September 30, 2011 to reflect the level of offers received for the purchase of the hotel. The sale of the hotel was completed in January 2012 for $22,000,000.

 

Also in the year ended December 31, 2011, OEH identified and recorded a non-cash property, plant and equipment impairment charge of $2,150,000 in respect of Bora Bora Lagoon Resort. The carrying values of the assets were written down to the fair value to reflect an accepted offer. The sale contract is in the final stages of completion.

 

In the year ended December 31, 2010, OEH settled outstanding claims with its insurance carrier regarding damages sustained at Bora Bora Lagoon Resort and recorded an insurance gain of $5,750,000 in the year. This gain was offset by restructuring and inventory impairment charges. The restructuring charges included a restructuring provision of $2,187,000 for an employee severance scheme completed in 2010. OEH also recorded an impairment of $459,000 due to obsolete inventory.

 

In the year ended December 31, 2009, non-cash impairment losses of $16,510,000 were recognized for Bora Bora Lagoon Resort property, plant and equipment to reflect the level of offers being received for the purchase of the hotel.

 

Assets and liabilities of the properties classified as held for sale as at December 31, 2011 consisted of the following:

 

December 31,

 

2011
$’000

 

2010
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Current assets

 

3,305

 

7,774

 

Other assets

 

4,741

 

7,842

 

Property, plant and equipment

 

30,205

 

65,985

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total assets held for sale

 

38,251

 

81,601

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Liabilities held for sale

 

1,781

 

3,673

 

 

(g)                              Internet-based companies: O.E. Interactive Ltd. and Luxurytravel.com UK Ltd.

 

In December 2010, OEH decided to sell its Internet-based companies O.E. Interactive Ltd. and Luxurytravel.com UK Ltd. which are included in the trains and cruises segment.  These companies became held for sale based on a purchase offer from a third party.  However, the sale agreement was not completed, and a lease transaction (with a purchase option) has been entered into instead. Therefore, these companies were transferred back to continuing operations as they no longer meet the criteria for held for sale treatment.  Results previously classified within discontinued operations have been transferred back into continuing operations for all periods presented.

 

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3.                                     Variable interest entities

 

OEH analyzes its variable interests, including loans, guarantees and equity investments, to determine if an entity is a variable interest entity (“VIE”). In that assessment, OEH’s analysis includes both quantitative and qualitative considerations. OEH bases its quantitative analysis on the forecast cash flows of the entity, and its qualitative analysis on a review of the design of the entity, organizational structure including decision-making ability, and relevant financial agreements. In accordance with the guidance for the consolidation of a VIE, OEH also uses its qualitative analysis to determine if OEH is the primary beneficiary of the VIE through the assessment of the powers to direct activities that most significantly impact economic performance of the VIE.

 

Charleston Place Hotel

 

OEH holds a 19.9% equity investment in Charleston Center LLC, owner of Charleston Place Hotel.  OEH has also made a number of loans to the hotel.  On evaluating its various variable interests in the hotel, OEH concluded that it is the primary beneficiary of this VIE because OEH is expected to absorb a majority of the entity’s residual gains or losses based on the current organizational structure.

 

The carrying amounts of consolidated assets and liabilities of Charleston Center LLC included within OEH’s consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2011 and 2010 are summarized as follows:

 

December 31,

 

2011
$’000

 

2010
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Current assets

 

8,167

 

5,897

 

Property, plant and equipment

 

185,788

 

188,502

 

Goodwill

 

40,395

 

40,395

 

Other assets

 

2,185

 

2,823

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total assets

 

236,535

 

237,617

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Current liabilities

 

(20,240

)

(17,827

)

Third-party debt, including $1,784 and $1,775 current portion

 

(90,529

)

(92,304

)

Deferred income taxes

 

(61,072

)

(61,835

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total liabilities

 

(171,841

)

(171,966

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net assets (before amounts payable to OEH of $92,263 and $94,141)

 

64,694

 

65,651

 

 

The third-party debt of Charleston Center LLC is secured by its net assets and is non-recourse to its members, including OEH. The hotel’s separate assets are not available to pay the debts of OEH and the hotel’s separate liabilities do not constitute obligations of OEH. This non-recourse obligation is presented separately on the consolidated balance sheet.

 

4.                                     Acquisitions

 

No new acquisitions occurred during 2011.

 

2010 Acquisitions

 

(a)                                                      Grand Hotel Timeo and Villa Sant’Andrea

 

On January 22, 2010, OEH acquired 100% of the share capital of two hotels in Taormina, Sicily (Italy) — the Grand Hotel Timeo and the Villa Sant’Andrea — at a purchase price of €41,874,000 ($59,162,000) comprised of agreed consideration of €81,512,000 ($115,165,000) less existing indebtedness assumed and including estimated contingent consideration.  OEH purchased the two hotels to enhance both its presence in the Italian hotel market and its portfolio of leading luxury hotels globally.  No intangible assets were identified and the goodwill arising from the acquisition consists largely of profit growth opportunities these hotels are expected to generate. All of the goodwill was assigned to OEH’s hotels and restaurants segment. None of the goodwill recognized is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.

 

OEH performed a preliminary fair value exercise to allocate the purchase price to the acquired assets and liabilities as at January 22, 2010, which was finalized in the quarter ended December 31, 2010. This resulted in a $468,000 increase in goodwill from settlement of outstanding tax positions and working capital items with the vendor of the properties.

 

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The following table summarizes the consideration paid for the hotels and the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, converted to U.S. dollars at the exchange rate effective at the date of acquisition:

 

 

 

Fair value on January 22, 2010
$’000

 

Consideration:

 

 

 

Total agreed consideration

 

115,165

 

Less: Existing debt assumed

 

(61,654

)

Plus: Contingent additional consideration

 

5,651

 

 

 

 

 

Purchase price

 

59,162

 

 

 

 

 

Assets acquired and liabilities assumed:

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

45

 

Property, plant and equipment

 

101,173

 

Inventories

 

215

 

Prepaid expenses and other

 

406

 

Other assets

 

1,434

 

Accrued liabilities

 

(8,968

)

Deferred income taxes

 

(10,541

)

Other liabilities

 

(304

)

Long-term debt

 

(61,654

)

Goodwill

 

37,356

 

 

 

 

 

Net assets acquired

 

59,162

 

 

Acquisition-related costs which are included within selling, general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2010 were $684,000. The purchase price of €41,874,000 ($59,162,000), net of contingent consideration of €4,000,000 ($5,651,000) described below, was €37,874,000 ($53,511,000) which was funded by cash payments and new indebtedness totaling €32,843,000 ($46,402,000), vendor financing of €5,000,000 ($7,064,000) and cash acquired of €31,000 ($45,000).

 

The acquisition of the two hotels has been accounted for using the purchase method of accounting for business combinations.  The results of operation of the hotels have been included in the consolidated financial results since the date of acquisition.

 

OEH has agreed to pay the vendor up to a further €5,000,000 (equivalent to $7,064,000 at January 22, 2010) if, by 2015, additional rooms are constructed at Grand Hotel Timeo and certain required permits are granted to expand and add a swimming pool to Villa Sant’Andrea.  The fair value of the contingent additional consideration at January 22, 2010 was €4,000,000 ($5,651,000) (determined using an income approach) based on an analysis of the likelihood of the conditions for payment being met. In February 2011, OEH paid the vendor €1,500,000 (equivalent to $2,062,000 at February 28, 2011) of the contingent liability as the appropriate permits to add a swimming pool to Villa Sant’Andrea have been granted.

 

The following table presents information for Grand Hotel Timeo and Villa Sant’Andrea included in OEH’s consolidated statements of operations from the acquisition date (January 20, 2010) for the year ended December 31, 2010:

 

Year ended December 31,

 

2010
$’000

 

Revenue

 

10,960

 

Losses from continuing operations

 

(3,491

)

 

As the acquisition of the Grand Hotel Timeo and Villa Sant’Andrea occurred on January 22, 2010, the pro forma results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2010, assuming acquisition of these hotels had taken place at the beginning of 2010, would not differ significantly from actual reported results. OEH is not able to provide reliable supplemental pro forma information as if the acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2009.

 

(b)                                                      Land at La Samanna

 

In June 2010, OEH purchased land adjacent to La Samanna in St. Martin from a third party. The consideration paid was a combination of cash and three condominium units and two boat slips at OEH’s Porto Cupecoy development. Presented below is a summary of the transaction:

 

Year ended December 31,

 

2011

 

2010

 

 

 

$’000

 

$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Non-cash value of assets exchanged

 

 

2,932

 

Cash paid

 

 

1,641

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Assumed basis for land received

 

 

4,573

 

 

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2009 Acquisition

 

(c)                                                       The Governor’s Residence non-controlling interest

 

Effective November 30, 2009, OEH purchased the remaining 35% non-controlling interest in The Governor’s Residence in Yangon, Myanmar it did not own for a cash consideration of $340,000, including transaction costs, bringing its interest to 100%. Results in 2009 prior to the purchase of the remaining interest were a loss of $185,000.

 

5.                                      Investments in unconsolidated companies

 

Investments represent equity interests of 50% or less and in which OEH exerts significant influence but does not consolidate.  OEH does not have effective control of these unconsolidated companies and, therefore, accounts for these investments using the equity method. These investments include the rail and hotel joint venture operations in Peru, the Hotel Ritz, Madrid, Eastern and Oriental Express Ltd. and the Buzios company referred to below.

 

OEH’s investments in and loans and advances to unconsolidated companies amounted to $60,012,000 at December 31, 2011 (2010 - $60,428,000). OEH’s earnings from unconsolidated companies, net of tax were $4,357,000 in 2011 (2010 - $2,258,000; 2009 - $4,183,000).  See Note 22.

 

In June 2007, OEH acquired 50% of a company holding real estate in Buzios, Brazil for a cash consideration of $5,000,000.  OEH planned to build a hotel and villas on the acquired land and to purchase the remaining 50% of the company when the building permits were obtained from the local authorities. In February 2009, the Municipality of Buzios commenced a process for the compulsory purchase of the land by the municipality in exchange for a payment of fair compensation to the owners. In April 2011, the State of Rio de Janeiro declared the land an area of public interest, with the intention that it will become part of a State Environmental Park which is being created in the area. The compulsory purchase of the land will therefore be carried out by the State of Rio de Janeiro. OEH is currently in negotiation to recover its investment in the project based on the State’s decision to purchase the land.

 

Summarized financial data for unconsolidated companies are as follows:

 

December 31,

 

2011
$’000

 

2010
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Current assets

 

70,536

 

52,908

 

Property, plant and equipment, net

 

344,576

 

342,207

 

Other assets

 

5,536

 

4,695

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total assets

 

420,648

 

399,810

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Current liabilities

 

195,529

 

165,416

 

Long-term debt

 

17,346

 

33,099

 

Other liabilities

 

99,643

 

91,123

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total shareholders’ equity

 

108,130

 

110,172

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

 

420,648

 

399,810

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

2011
$’000

 

2010
$’000

 

2009
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Revenue

 

145,254

 

113,953

 

125,173

 

Earnings from operations before net finance costs

 

24,868

 

19,602

 

22,497

 

Net earnings

 

7,964

 

3,977

 

8,659

 

 

Included in unconsolidated companies are OEH’s hotel and rail joint ventures in Peru, under which OEH and the other 50% participant must contribute equally any additional equity capital needed for the businesses.  If the other participant does not meet this obligation, OEH has the right to dilute the other participant and obtain a majority equity interest in the affected joint venture company.  OEH also has rights to purchase the other participant’s interests, exercisable in limited circumstances such as its bankruptcy.

 

The carrying amounts that relate to OEH’s unconsolidated companies are as follows:

 

 

 

Investment

 

Due from Unconsolidated
Company

 

Guarantees

 

Other Assets

 

Total

 

 

 

2011

 

2010

 

2011

 

2010

 

2011

 

2010

 

2011

 

2010

 

2011

 

2010

 

December 31,

 

$’000

 

$’000

 

$’000

 

$’000

 

$’000

 

$’000

 

$’000

 

$’000

 

$’000

 

$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Peru hotel joint venture

 

16,212

 

15,397

 

599

 

85

 

 

 

 

 

16,811

 

15,482

 

Peru rail joint venture

 

35,001

 

35,393

 

4,917

 

2,742

 

 

 

 

 

39,918

 

38,135

 

Hotel Ritz, Madrid

 

 

274

 

2,657

 

2,032

 

 

 

15,829

 

13,658

 

18,486

 

15,964

 

Eastern and Oriental Express Ltd.

 

3,298

 

3,635

 

2,581

 

1,126

 

 

 

 

 

5,879

 

4,761

 

Buzios

 

5,393

 

5,615

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5,393

 

5,615

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

59,904

 

60,314

 

10,754

 

5,985

 

 

 

15,829

 

13,658

 

86,487

 

79,957

 

 

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OEH’s maximum exposures to loss as a result of its involvement with its unconsolidated companies are as follows:

 

 

 

Investment

 

Due from Unconsolidated
Company

 

Guarantees

 

Other Assets

 

Total

 

 

 

2011

 

2010

 

2011

 

2010

 

2011

 

2010

 

2011

 

2010

 

2011

 

2010

 

December 31,

 

$’000

 

$’000

 

$’000

 

$’000

 

$’000

 

$’000

 

$’000

 

$’000

 

$’000

 

$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Peru hotel joint venture

 

16,212

 

15,397

 

599

 

85

 

 

 

 

 

16,811

 

15,482

 

Peru rail joint venture

 

35,001

 

35,393

 

4,917

 

2,742

 

9,052

 

2,571

 

 

 

48,970

 

40,706

 

Hotel Ritz, Madrid

 

 

274

 

2,657

 

2,032

 

10,151

 

10,612

 

15,829

 

13,658

 

28,637

 

26,576

 

Eastern and Oriental Express Ltd.

 

3,298

 

3,635

 

2,581

 

1,126

 

3,000

 

3,000

 

 

 

8,879

 

7,761

 

Buzios

 

5,393

 

5,615

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5,393

 

5,615

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

59,904

 

60,314

 

10,754

 

5,985

 

22,203

 

16,183

 

15,829

 

13,658

 

108,690

 

96,140

 

 

The reason that the maximum exposure to loss for the Peru rail joint venture, Hotel Ritz, Madrid and Eastern and Oriental Express Ltd. exceeds the carrying amounts is because of guarantees which are discussed below.  OEH does not expect that it will be required to fund these guarantees relating to these joint venture companies.

 

The Company has guaranteed, through 2016, $9,052,000 of the debt obligations of the rail joint venture in Peru and contingently guaranteed through 2016, $11,700,000 of its debt obligations. The Company has also guaranteed the rail joint venture’s contingent obligations relating to the performance of its governmental rail concessions, currently in the amount of $4,932,000 through April 2012.  The Company has contingently guaranteed, through 2016, $9,967,000 of debt obligations of the joint venture in Peru that operates four hotels and, through 2014, a further $10,044,000 of its debt obligations.  The contingent guarantees may only be enforced in the event there is a change in control of the relevant joint venture, which would occur only if OEH’s ownership of the economic and voting interests in the joint venture falls below 50%, an event which has not occurred.

 

Long-term debt obligations of the Peru hotel joint venture at December 31, 2011 totaling $20,011,000 have been classified within current liabilities of the joint venture in its stand-alone financial statements, as it was out of compliance with the debt service coverage ratio covenant in its loan facilities. Subsequent to December 31, 2011, waivers of this non-compliance were received from the lenders.

 

Long-term debt obligations of the rail joint venture in Peru at December 31, 2011 totaling $18,127,000 have been classified within current liabilities of the joint venture in its stand-alone financial statements, as it was out of compliance with a leverage covenant and a debt service coverage ratio covenant in its loan facilities. Discussions with the lenders to bring the joint venture into compliance are continuing.

 

Long-term debt obligations of the Hotel Ritz, Madrid, in which OEH has a 50% equity investment, at December 31, 2011 totaling $88,926,000 have been classified within current liabilities in the joint venture’s stand-alone financial statements as it was out of compliance with the debt service coverage ratio covenant in its first mortgage loan facility. Discussions with the lender to bring the hotel into compliance are continuing.  OEH and its joint venture partner have each guaranteed $9,736,000 of the debt obligations and $415,000 of a working capital loan facility of Hotel Ritz, Madrid. Subsequent to December 31, 2011, a six-month waiver of the non-compliance was received from the lender.

 

The Company has also guaranteed, through March 2012, a $3,000,000 working capital facility to Eastern and Oriental Express Ltd. in which OEH has a 25% equity investment.

 

6.                                     Real estate impairment

 

Real estate assets at December 31, 2011 and 2010 include condominiums and marina slips remaining to be sold at Porto Cupecoy on the Dutch side of St. Martin. OEH records impairment charges against the carrying value of real estate assets if the carrying value exceeds the fair value less costs to sell.  For the year ended December 31, 2011, OEH determined that the fair value less costs to sell of real estate assets was less than the carrying value, which resulted in the recognition of a non-cash impairment charge of $36,868,000 (2010 - $24,616,000), computed using Level 3 inputs, namely the estimated selling prices and estimated selling costs based on OEH’s recent experience with sales of condominiums and marina slips already completed.  This impairment charge resulted primarily from changes in the estimates of price and pace of future sales as a result of current market conditions.  Additionally as part of the overall impairment calculation, property, plant and equipment at the Porto Cupecoy development with a carrying value of $1,677,000 were written down to a fair value of $Nil.  See Note 7.

 

In addition, in 2010 OEH transferred marina and commercial property assets at Porto Cupecoy previously held as property, plant and equipment into real estate assets, as management concluded that these assets will be sold rather than held for use.  See Note 7.

 

The total impairment charge of $38,545,000 relates to real estate and property development segment, and is reported within the impairment of real estate assets, goodwill, other intangible assets, and property, plant and equipment in the statement of consolidated operations.

 

The determination of impairment incorporates various assumptions and uncertainties that OEH believes are reasonable and supportable considering all available evidence, such as the future cash flows, future sales prices and related discount rate.  However, these assumptions and uncertainties are, by their very nature, highly judgmental.  If the assumptions are not met, OEH may be required to recognize additional impairment losses.

 

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7.                                     Property, plant and equipment, net

 

The major classes of property, plant and equipment are as follows:

 

December 31,

 

2011
$’000

 

2010
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Land and buildings

 

1,058,757

 

1,093,688

 

Machinery and equipment

 

189,289

 

188,101

 

Fixtures, fittings and office equipment

 

197,197

 

194,610

 

River cruise ship and canal boats

 

18,061

 

19,166

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1,463,304

 

1,495,565

 

Less: Accumulated depreciation

 

(289,185

)

(264,377

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1,174,119

 

1,231,188

 

 

The major classes of assets under capital leases included above are as follows:

 

December 31,

 

2011
$’000

 

2010
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Freehold and leased land and buildings

 

4,461

 

4,614

 

Machinery and equipment

 

828

 

940

 

Fixtures, fittings and office equipment

 

443

 

446

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5,732

 

6,000

 

Less: Accumulated depreciation

 

(1,505

)

(1,492

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4,227

 

4,508

 

 

The depreciation charge on property, plant and equipment was $45,465,000 for the year ended December 31, 2011 (2010 - $44,109,000; 2009 - $38,487,000).

 

For the year ended December 31, 2011, OEH capitalized interest in the amount of $863,000 (2010 - $3,130,000; 2009 - $5,275,000).

 

As part of the overall impairment charge at Porto Cupecoy, in the year ended December 31, 2011, OEH identified a non-cash property, plant and equipment impairment charge of $1,677,000 in respect of this property development.

 

Also, in the year ended December 31, 2011, OEH identified a non-cash property, plant and equipment charge of $8,153,000 in respect of Casa de Sierra Nevada, San Miguel de Allende, Mexico.  The carrying value was written down to the hotel’s fair value.

 

In the year ended December 31, 2010, OEH management concluded that marina and commercial property assets with a carrying value of $24,662,000 at Porto Cupecoy would no longer be held for use and would be sold as part of the Porto Cupecoy project. These assets were consequently transferred to real estate assets. See Note 6.

 

New York hotel project

 

On March 18, 2011, OEH agreed to assign its purchase and development agreements previously made with the New York Public Library relating to the site of the Donnell branch of the Library adjacent to OEH’s ‘21’ Club restaurant to an affiliate (the “Assignee”) of Tribeca Associates, LLC and Starwood Capital Group Global LLC.  The Assignee agreed to assume all the terms and obligations of the contracts and to reimburse all previous deposit payments made by OEH and a $2,000,000 contribution toward fees incurred by OEH.  The transaction closed on April 7, 2011, resulting in gross proceeds received by OEH of $25,500,000. This transaction resulted in a gain, net of costs, of $492,000 in the year ended December 31, 2011.  Based on the terms under negotiations with interested parties in 2010, OEH recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $6,386,000 at December 31, 2010 on land and buildings for the capitalized pre-development expenses incurred in the period.

 

As part of this assignment, OEH entered into an option agreement which granted the Assignee a “call” option to acquire 45,000 square feet of the approximately 52,000 square feet of excess development rights held by ‘21’ Club at a price to the Assignee of $13,500,000 and, alternatively, a “put” option to sell to OEH the excess development rights (approximately 65,000 square feet) of the Donnell branch site at a price to OEH of $16,000,000.  The option agreement expiration date was extended several times and included a further call option on approximately 4,800 additional square feet of excess development rights at a price to the Assignee of approximately $2,850,000.  The Assignee exercised the call option on December 16, 2011 for $16,350,000. Of these proceeds, $4,514,000 was used

 

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to repay a portion of the existing loan facility secured by ‘21’ Club, and the gain realized by OEH is expected to be taxable in the U.S.   Cumulative gain on the sale of the purchase and development agreements as well as the exercise of the call option is $16,544,000.

 

8.                                     Goodwill

 

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 are as follows:

 

Year ended December 31, 2011

 

Hotels &
Restaurants

$’000

 

Trains &
Cruises

$’000

 

Total
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance as of January 1, 2011

 

169,610

 

7,888

 

177,498

 

Impairment

 

(12,422

)

 

 

(12,422

)

Foreign currency translation adjustment

 

(3,583

)

 (33

)

(3,616

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance as at December 31, 2011

 

153,605

 

7,855

 

161,460

 

 

Year ended December 31, 2010

 

Hotels &
Restaurants

$’000

 

Trains &
Cruises

$’000

 

Total
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance as of January 1, 2010

 

141,226

 

7,954

 

149,180

 

Goodwill on acquisition (see Note 4)

 

37,356

 

 

37,356

 

Impairment

 

(5,895

)

 

(5,895

)

Foreign currency translation adjustment

 

(3,077

)

(66

)

(3,143

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance as at December 31, 2010

 

169,610

 

7,888

 

177,498

 

 

The gross goodwill amount at January 1, 2011 was $195,316,000 (2010 - $161,103,000) and the accumulated impairment at that date was $17,818,000 (2010 - $11,923,000). All impairments to that date related to hotel and restaurant operations.

 

The assessment and, if required, the determination of goodwill impairment to be recognized uses a discounted cash flow analysis to compute the fair value of the reporting unit. When determining the fair value of a reporting unit, OEH is required to make significant judgments that OEH believes are reasonable and supportable considering all available internal and external evidence at the time.  However, these estimates and assumptions are, by their nature, highly judgmental.  Fair value determinations are sensitive to changes in the underlying assumptions and factors including those relating to estimating future operating cash flows to be generated from the reporting unit which are dependent upon internal forecasts and projections developed as part of OEH’s routine, long-term planning process, available industry/market data (to the extent available), OEH’s strategic plans, estimates of long-term growth rates taking into account OEH’s assessment of the current economic environment and the timing and degree of any economic recovery, estimation of the useful life over which the cash flows will occur, and market participant assumptions.  The assumptions with the most significant impact to the fair value of the reporting unit are those related to future operating cash flows which are forecast for a five-year period from management’s budget and planning process, the terminal value which is included for the period beyond five years from the balance sheet date based on the estimated cash flow in the fifth year and a terminal growth rate ranging from 2.0% to 10.7% (December 31, 2010 - 2.4% to 6.1%), and pre-tax discount rates which for the year ended December 31, 2011 range from 8.8% to 17.3% (December 31, 2010 - 8.6% to 17.2% ).

 

Examples of events or circumstances that could reasonably be expected to negatively affect the underlying key assumptions and ultimately impact the estimated fair values of OEH’s  reporting units may include such items as (i) a prolonged weakness in the general economic conditions in which the reporting units operate and therefore negatively impacting occupancy and room rates, (ii) an economic recovery that significantly differs from OEH’s assumptions in timing and/or degree, (iii) volatility in the equity and debt markets which could result in a higher discount rate, (iv) shifts or changes in future travel patterns from the OEH’s significant demographic markets that have not been anticipated, (v) changes in competitive supply, (vi) political and security instability in countries where OEH operates and (vii) deterioration of local economies due to the uncertainty over currencies or currency unions and other factors which could lead to changes in projected cash flows of OEH’s properties as customers reduce their discretionary spending.  If the assumptions used in the impairment analysis are not met or materially change, OEH may be required to recognize additional goodwill impairment losses which may be material to the financial statements.

 

Under the first step of the goodwill impairment testing for the year ended December 31, 2011, the fair value of the Sicilian hotels reporting unit was approximately $161,068,000 which was 5% in excess of its carrying value of $153,031,000.  Factors that could be reasonably expected to impact negatively the fair value of the reporting unit are outlined above and specifically sensitive for the Sicilian reporting unit are the continued improvements in occupancy and rate growth as it becomes a more established location within OEH’s portfolio.

 

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During the year ended December 31, 2011, OEH identified non-cash goodwill impairments of $12,422,000 at four hotels. Management’s estimates considered future profitability of the businesses, future growth rates and the related discount rates.  OEH determined these impairments were triggered in each case due to performance that required a reassessment.  The impairment loss consisted of the following:

 

Year ended December 31, 2011

 

$’000

 

 

 

 

 

Maroma Resort and Spa

 

7,904

 

La Residencia

 

2,779

 

Mount Nelson Hotel

 

1,224

 

Westcliff Hotel

 

515

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

12,422

 

 

During the year ended December 31, 2010, OEH identified non-cash goodwill impairments of $5,895,000 at two hotels. Management’s estimates considered future profitability of the businesses, future growth rates and the related discount rates.  OEH determined these impairments were triggered in each case due to performance that required a reassessment.  There was no goodwill impairments recorded as part of OEH’s annual impairment analysis.  The impairment loss consisted of the following:

 

Year ended December 31, 2010

 

$’000

 

 

 

 

 

La Samanna

 

5,401

 

Napasai

 

494

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5,895

 

 

During the first quarter of 2009, OEH finalized its 2008 impairment analysis and identified a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $6,287,000 in addition to the estimated impairment loss of $5,636,000 included in its annual December 31, 2008 results, as follows:

 

Year ended December 31, 2009

 

$’000

 

 

 

 

 

Miraflores Park Hotel

 

3,208

 

Casa de Sierra Nevada

 

2,805

 

The Observatory Hotel

 

274

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6,287

 

 

Additionally in the year ended December 31, 2009, a non-cash impairment charge of $213,000 was made in respect of trade names owned by the Casa de Sierra Nevada, bringing the total impairment charge to $6,500,000 for the year.

 

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9.                                     Other intangible assets

 

Other intangible assets consist of the following as of December 31, 2011 and 2010:

 

Year ended December 31, 2011

 

Favorable
lease
assets
$’000

 

Internet
sites
$’000

 

Trade
names
$’000

 

Total
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Carrying amount:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance as of January 1, 2011

 

13,503

 

1,630

 

7,100

 

22,233

 

Foreign currency translation adjustment

 

(43

)

(21

)

 

(64

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance as at December 31, 2011

 

13,460

 

1,609

 

7,100

 

22,169

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Accumulated amortization:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance as of January 1, 2011

 

1,616

 

610

 

 

2,226

 

Charge for the year

 

368

 

132

 

 

500

 

Foreign currency translation adjustment

 

(12

)

(10

)

 

(22

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance as at December 31, 2011

 

1,972

 

732

 

 

2,704

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net book value:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

As at December 31, 2010

 

11,887

 

1,020

 

7,100

 

20,007

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

As at December 31, 2011

 

11,488

 

877

 

7,100

 

19,465

 

 

Year ended December 31, 2010

 

Favorable
lease
assets
$’000

 

Internet
sites
$’000

 

Trade
names
$’000

 

Total
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Carrying amount:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance as of January 1, 2010

 

13,046

 

2,417

 

7,100

 

22,563

 

Additions

 

 

337

 

 

337

 

Foreign currency translation adjustment

 

457

 

(54

)

 

403

 

Impairment

 

 

(1,070

)

 

(1,070

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance as at December 31, 2010

 

13,503

 

1,630

 

7,100

 

22,233

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Accumulated amortization:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance as of January 1, 2010

 

1,211

 

370

 

 

1,581

 

Charge for the year

 

358

 

243

 

 

601

 

Foreign currency translation adjustment

 

47

 

(3

)

 

44

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance as at December 31, 2010

 

1,616

 

610

 

 

2,226

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net book value:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

As at December 31, 2009

 

11,835

 

2,047

 

7,100

 

20,982

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

As at December 31, 2010

 

11,887

 

1,020

 

7,100

 

20,007

 

 

Favorable lease intangible assets are amortized over the term of the lease, between 19 and 60 years. Internet sites are amortized over 10 years. Tradenames have an indefinite life and therefore are not amortized.

 

In the year ended December 31, 2010, OEH identified and recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $1,070,000 in respect of two Internet-based subsidiaries. The carrying values of the intangible assets were written down to reflect the level of offers being received

 

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at the time they were considered held for sale.  Subsequent to December 31, 2010, these assets were returned to continuing operations as all the criteria for held for sale treatment was subsequently not met.

 

Amortization expense for the year ended December 31, 2011 was $500,000 (2010 - $601,000; 2009 - $535,000). Estimated amortization expense for each of the years ended December 31, 2012 to December 31, 2016 is $500,000.

 

10.                              Working capital facilities

 

Working capital facilities are composed of the following, all repayable within one year:

 

December 31,

 

2011
$’000

 

2010
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Unsecured working capital facilities, with a weighted average interest rate of Nil% and 9.00%, respectively

 

 

1,174

 

 

OEH had approximately $4,439,000 of working capital lines of credit at December 31, 2011 (2010 - $13,286,000) issued by various financial institutions and having various expiration dates, of which $4,439,000 was undrawn (2010 - $12,112,000).

 

11.                              Long-term debt and obligations under capital leases

 

(a)                              Long-term debt

 

Long-term debt consists of the following:

 

December 31,

 

2011
$’000

 

2010
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Loans from banks and other parties collateralized by property, plant and equipment payable over periods of one to 21 years, with a weighted average interest rate of 4.32% and 4.61%, respectively

 

538,730

 

630,952

 

Obligations under capital lease (see Note 11 (b))

 

5,158

 

5,189

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

543,888

 

636,141

 

Less: Current portion

 

77,058

 

124,805

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

466,830

 

511,336

 

 

Of the current portion of long-term debt $Nil (December 31, 2010 - $28,000,000) related to a revolving credit facility which, although falling due within 12 months, is available for re-borrowing throughout the period of the loan facility which is repayable in 2012.

 

In connection with the acquisition of the two hotels in Sicily, Italy, in January 2010, OEH assumed $61,654,000 of existing debt. See Note 4.

 

In connection with the renovation of El Encanto hotel, OEH entered into an agreement in August 2011 for $45,000,000 of financing, to be drawn as construction progresses.  At December 31, 2011, the outstanding debt totaled $Nil.  The debt has a maturity of three years, with two one-year extensions.

 

At December 31, 2011, one of OEH’s subsidiaries had not complied with certain financial covenants in a loan facility. The $2,900,000 outstanding on this loan has been classified as current and OEH expects to rectify this non-compliance in the first half of 2012. In addition, three unconsolidated joint venture companies were out of compliance with certain financial covenants in their loan facilities. See Note 5.

 

During the year ended December 31, 2011, two loan facilities were refinanced and accounted for as an extinguishment of debt, resulting in the write-off of deferred financing costs of $693,000. One loan totaling $100,000,000 (of which $88,000,000 was drawn) was refinanced with a new loan of $115,000,000.  The new loan has two tranches, one of $100,000,000 which was used to repay the previous debt, and the second tranche of $15,000,000 which will be used to fund the renovations planned for 2012 at the Copacabana Palace Hotel.  The loan matures in three years and has an interest rate of LIBOR plus 3.15% per annum. Approximately 70% of the drawn loan has been swapped from LIBOR to a fixed interest rate of 0.81%.

 

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The second loan of €18,000,000 ($26,100,000) refinanced a maturing loan of €30,000,000 ($43,500,000) secured on La Residencia. The new loan, which matures in three years, has an interest rate of EURIBOR plus 2.75% per annum. Approximately 50% of the loan has been swapped from EURIBOR to a fixed interest rate of 2.29%.

 

Most of OEH’s loan facilities relate to specific hotel or other properties and are secured by a mortgage on the particular property.  In most cases, the Company is either the borrower or the subsidiary owning the property is the borrower, with the loan guaranteed by the Company.

 

The loan facilities generally place restrictions on the property-owning company’s ability to incur additional debt and limit liens, and to effect mergers and asset sales, and include financial covenants. Where the property-owning subsidiary is the borrower, the financial covenants relate to the financial performance of the property financed and generally include covenants relating to interest coverage, debt service, and loan-to-value and debt-to-EBITDA tests.  Most of the facilities under which the Company is the borrower or the guarantor also contain financial covenants which are based on the performance of OEH on a consolidated basis. The covenants include a quarterly interest coverage test and a quarterly net worth test.

 

The following is a summary of the aggregate maturities of consolidated long-term debt excluding obligations under capital leases at December 31, 2011:

 

Year ended December 31,

 

$’000

 

 

 

 

 

2012

 

76,963

 

2013

 

132,890

 

2014

 

126,595

 

2015

 

176,709

 

2016

 

2,400

 

2017 and thereafter

 

23,173

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

538,730

 

 

The maturities include $10,000,000 that was repaid on the disposal of Keswick Hall in January 2012.

 

The Company has guaranteed $347,850,000 of the long-term debt of its subsidiary companies as at December 31, 2011 (2010 -$391,893,000).

 

The fair value of the debt excluding obligations under capital leases at December 31, 2011 has been estimated in the amount of $509,866,000 (2010 - $601,147,000).

 

Deferred financing costs related to the above outstanding long-term debt are $13,689,000 at December 31, 2011 (2010 - $14,297,000) and are amortized to interest expense over the term of the corresponding long-term debt.

 

The debt of Charleston Center LLC, a consolidated VIE, at December 31, 2011 of $90,529,000 (2010 - $92,304,000) is non-recourse to OEH and separately disclosed on the balance sheet. The debt was entered into in October 2010 and has a maturity of three years, with two one-year extensions and the interest rate is at LIBOR plus a margin of 3.50% per annum. See Note 3.

 

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(b)                              Obligations under capital leases

 

The following is a summary of future minimum lease payments under capital leases together with the present value of the minimum lease payments at December 31, 2011:

 

Year ended December 31,

 

$’000

 

 

 

 

 

2012

 

415

 

2013

 

366

 

2014

 

331

 

2015

 

321

 

2016

 

327

 

2017 and thereafter

 

24,023

 

Minimum lease payments

 

25,783

 

Less: Amount of interest contained in above payments

 

(20,625

)

Present value of minimum lease payments

 

5,158

 

Less: Current portion

 

(95

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

5,063

 

 

The amount of interest deducted from minimum lease payments to arrive at the present value is the interest contained in each of the leases.

 

12.                              Other liabilities

 

The major balances in other liabilities are as follows:

 

December 31,

 

2011
$’000

 

2010
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Deferred income on guarantees of bank loans to hotel joint venture in Peru (see Note 5)

 

 

932

 

Interest rate swaps (see Note 19)

 

7,511

 

9,768

 

Long-term accrued interest at Charleston Place Hotel

 

14,139

 

13,540

 

Cash-settled stock appreciation rights plan

 

111

 

354

 

Deferred lease incentive

 

489

 

 

Contingent consideration on acquisition of Grand Hotel Timeo and Villa Sant’Andrea (see Note 4)

 

3,895

 

5,501

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

26,145

 

30,095

 

 

13.                              Pension plans

 

From January 1, 2003, a number of non-U.S. OEH employees participated in a funded defined benefit pension plan in the United Kingdom called Orient-Express Services 2003 Pension Scheme.  On May 31, 2006, the plan was closed for future benefit accruals.

 

The significant weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic costs of the plan during the year were as follows:

 

Year ended December 31,

 

2011
%

 

2010
%

 

2009
%

 

Discount rate

 

5.40

 

5.80

 

5.70

 

Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets

 

6.40

 

6.60

 

6.50

 

 

The significant weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations of the plan at year end were as follows:

 

December 31,

 

2011
%

 

2010
%

 

Discount rate

 

4.70

 

5.40

 

 

The discount rate effectively represents the average rate of return on high quality corporate bonds at the end of the year in the country in which the assets are held.

 

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The expected rate of return on the pension fund assets, net of expenses has been determined by considering the actual asset classes held by the plan at December 31, 2011 and the yields available on U.K. government bonds at that date.

 

For equities and corporate bonds, management has assumed that long-term returns will exceed those expected on U.K. government bonds by a risk premium. This is based on historical equity and bond returns over the long term. As these returns are long-term expected returns, the total returns on equities and corporate bonds only vary in line with the U.K. government bond yields and are not further adjusted for current market trends.

 

The expected returns on annuities are set equal to the end of year discount rate as the value of annuities is tied to that rate. The fair value of OEH’s pension plan assets at December 31, 2011 and 2010 by asset category is as follows:

 

December 31, 2011

 

Total
$’000

 

Quoted
prices in
active
markets for
identical
assets
(Level 1)
$’000

 

Significant
observable
inputs
(Level 2)
$’000

 

Significant
unobservable
inputs
(Level 3)
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash

 

90

 

90

 

 

 

Equity securities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U.K. managed funds

 

4,324

 

4,324

 

 

 

Overseas managed funds

 

4,072

 

4,072

 

 

 

Fixed income securities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U.K. government bonds

 

1,618

 

1,618

 

 

 

Corporate bonds

 

2,144

 

2,144

 

 

 

Other types of investments:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hedge funds

 

1,428

 

 

1,428

 

 

Annuities

 

1,871

 

 

 

1,871

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

15,547

 

12,248

 

1,428

 

1,871

 

 

December 31, 2010

 

Total
$’000

 

Quoted
prices in
active
markets for
identical
assets
(Level 1)
$’000

 

Significant
observable
inputs
(Level 2)
$’000

 

Significant
unobservable
inputs
(Level 3)
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash

 

242

 

242

 

 

 

Equity securities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U.K. managed funds

 

5,277

 

5,277

 

 

 

Overseas managed funds

 

3,978

 

3,978

 

 

 

Fixed income securities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U.K. government bonds

 

994

 

994

 

 

 

Corporate bonds

 

1,595

 

1,595

 

 

 

Other types of investments:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hedge funds

 

702

 

 

702

 

 

Annuities

 

1,669

 

 

 

1,669

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

14,457

 

12,086

 

702

 

1,669

 

 

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Table of Contents

 

Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) at December 31, 2011 and 2010 are as follows:

 

December 31, 2011

 

Annuities
$’000

 

Total
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Beginning balance at January 1, 2011

 

1,669

 

1,669

 

Actual return on assets:

 

 

 

 

 

Assets still held at the reporting date

 

286

 

286

 

Purchases, sales and settlements

 

(67

)

(67

)

Gain/ (loss) recorded in earnings

 

 

 

Gain/ (loss) recorded in other comprehensive income

 

 

 

Foreign exchange

 

(17

)

(17

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ending balance at December 31, 2011

 

1,871

 

1,871

 

 

December 31, 2010

 

Annuities
$’000

 

Total
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Beginning balance at January 1, 2010

 

1,603

 

1,603

 

Actual return on assets:

 

 

 

 

 

Assets still held at the reporting date

 

171

 

171

 

Purchases, sales and settlements

 

(66

)

(66

)

Gain/ (loss) recorded in earnings

 

 

 

Gain/ (loss) recorded in other comprehensive income

 

 

 

Foreign exchange

 

(39

)

(39

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ending balance at December 31, 2010

 

1,669

 

1,669

 

 

The allocation of the assets was in compliance with the target allocation set out in the plan investment policy, the principal objectives of which are to deliver returns above those of government and corporate bonds and to minimize the cost of providing pension benefits.  OEH is currently purchasing annuities to match the benefits of pensioners.  OEH is allocating a majority of the plan’s assets to equities as they have historically outperformed bonds over the long term.  OEH will allocate plan assets to bonds and cash to help reduce the volatility of the portfolio and reflect the age profile of the membership.

 

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The changes in the benefit obligation, the plan assets and the funded status for the plan were as follows:

 

Year ended December 31,

 

2011
$’000

 

2010
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Change in benefit obligation:

 

 

 

 

 

Benefit obligation at beginning of year

 

20,074

 

19,235

 

Service cost

 

 

 

Interest cost

 

1,062

 

1,067

 

Plan participants’ contributions

 

 

 

Net transfer in

 

 

 

Actuarial loss

 

4,259

 

471

 

Benefits paid

 

(839

)

(246

)

Curtailment gain

 

 

 

Settlement

 

 

 

Foreign currency translation

 

(367

)

(453

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Benefit obligation at end of year

 

24,189

 

20,074

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Change in plan assets:

 

 

 

 

 

Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year

 

14,457

 

11,833

 

Actual return on plan assets

 

347

 

1,538

 

Employer contributions

 

1,770

 

1,571

 

Plan participants’ contributions

 

 

 

Net transfer in

 

 

 

Benefits paid

 

(839

)

(246

)

Settlement

 

 

 

Foreign currency translation

 

(188

)

(239

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fair value of plan assets at end of year

 

15,547

 

14,457

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Funded status at end of year

 

(8,642

)

(5,617

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net actuarial loss/(gain) recognized in other comprehensive loss

 

4,310

 

(879

)

 

Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets consist of the following:

 

December 31,

 

2011
$’000

 

2010
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Non-current assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Current liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Non-current liabilities

 

8,642

 

5,617

 

 

Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) consist of the following:

 

December 31,

 

2011
$’000

 

2010
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net loss

 

(14,116

)

(9,806

)

Prior service cost

 

 

 

Net transitional obligation

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total amount recognized in other comprehensive loss

 

(14,116

)

(9,806

)

 

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The following table details certain information with respect to OEH’s U.K. defined benefit pension plan:

 

Year ended December 31,

 

2011
$’000

 

2010
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Projected benefit obligation

 

24,189

 

20,074

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Accumulated benefit obligation

 

24,189

 

20,074

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fair value of plan assets

 

15,547

 

14,457

 

 

The components of net periodic benefit cost for the OEH employees covered under the plan consisted of the following:

 

Year ended December 31,

 

2011
$’000

 

2010
$’000

 

2009
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Service cost

 

 

 

 

Interest cost on projected benefit obligation

 

1,062

 

1,088

 

994

 

Expected return on assets

 

(1,006

)

(805

)

(645

)

Net amortization and deferrals

 

608

 

678

 

620

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net periodic benefit cost

 

664

 

961

 

969

 

 

OEH expects to contribute $1,955,000 to the U.K. defined benefit pension plan in 2012.  The following benefit payments, which reflect assumed future service, are expected to be paid:

 

Year ended December 31,

 

$’000

 

 

 

 

 

2012

 

418

 

2013

 

429

 

2014

 

483

 

2015

 

511

 

2016

 

539

 

Next five years

 

3,250

 

 

The estimated net loss amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) into net periodic pension cost in the next fiscal year is $881,000.

 

OEH has certain other post-retirement benefit obligations, of which the most significant relate to the Bali, Indonesia hotels and the Mount Nelson Hotel in South Africa.

 

Included in the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2011 is an amount of $533,000 (2010 - $374,000) relating to defined benefit pension obligations at the hotels in Bali, Indonesia.  The accrual was made based on actuarial valuation carried out in 2011. There are no assets to be disclosed.

 

OEH has a defined benefit pension plan in South Africa for certain employees of the Mount Nelson Hotel.  The total number of active members is two, and the remaining members are retired pensioners.  The latest actuarial valuation performed as at December 31, 2010 and updated for foreign exchange rates at December 31, 2011 showed a net pension plan surplus of approximately $15,000 (2010 - $90,000) based on fair value of plan assets of $971,000 (2010 - $1,558,000) and projected benefit obligation of $956,000 (2010 - $1,468,000). The surplus has not been recognized in the financial statements as it is deemed not recoverable.

 

Certain employees of OEH were members of defined contribution pension plans.  Total contributions to the plans were as follows:

 

Year ended December 31,

 

2011
$’000

 

2010
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Employers’ contributions

 

2,254

 

1,893

 

 

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14.                              Income taxes

 

The Company is incorporated in Bermuda, which does not impose an income tax.  OEH’s effective tax rate is significantly affected by its mix of income and loss in various jurisdictions as there is significant variation in the income tax rate imposed and also by the effect of losses in jurisdictions for which it is expected that the tax benefit of losses will not be recognizable at year-end.

 

Accordingly, the income tax provision was attributable to income tax charges incurred by subsidiaries operating in jurisdictions that impose an income tax and also attributable to the relative amount of earnings or loss in various jurisdictions, the effect of valuation allowances, and uncertain tax positions. The income tax provision is also affected by discrete items that may occur in any given year, but are not consistent from year to year. Discrete items which had the most significant impact on the tax rate include a deferred tax credit of $2,094,000 in 2011 (2010 - charge of $1,305,000) arising in respect of foreign exchange gain/loss on the remeasurement of deferred taxes on temporary differences in subsidiaries operating in jurisdictions where the local currency differs from the functional currency.

 

The provision for income taxes consists of the following:

 

Year ended December 31, 2011

 

Pre-Tax
(Loss)/
Income
$’000

 

Current
$’000

 

Non-
current
$’000

 

Deferred
$’000

 

Total
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bermuda

 

(23,436

)

 

 

 

 

United States

 

13,918

 

3,986

 

 

(561

)

3,425

 

Rest of the world

 

(40,132

)

17,219

 

 

(477

)

16,742

 

 

 

(49,650

)

21,205

 

 

(1,038

)

20,167

 

 

Year ended December 31, 2010

 

Pre-Tax
(Loss)/
Income
$’000

 

Current
$’000

 

Non-
current
$’000

 

Deferred
$’000

 

Total
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bermuda

 

(16,208

)

 

 

 

 

United States

 

(7,431

)

1,510

 

 

(1,882

)

(372

)

Rest of the world

 

(14,531

)

7,618

 

 

17,412

 

25,030

 

 

 

(38,170

)

9,128

 

 

15,530

 

24,658

 

 

Year ended December 31, 2009

 

Pre-Tax
(Loss)/
Income
$’000

 

Current
$’000

 

Non-
current
$’000

 

Deferred
$’000

 

Total
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bermuda

 

679

 

 

 

 

 

United States

 

(1,173

)

928

 

 

255

 

1,183

 

Rest of the world

 

(8,916

)

9,413

 

 

3,136

 

12,549

 

 

 

(9,410

)

10,341

 

 

3,391

 

13,732

 

 

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Table of Contents

 

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes.  The following represents OEH’s net deferred tax liabilities:

 

Year ended December 31,

 

2011
$’000

 

2010
$’000

 

2009
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Operating loss carryforwards

 

61,708

 

52,791

 

47,926

 

Pensions

 

2,161

 

1,517

 

2,072

 

Stock options

 

1,647

 

 

 

Trademarks

 

3,868

 

 

 

Other

 

2,897

 

6,975

 

1,820

 

Less: Valuation allowance

 

(50,746

)

(28,201

)

(6,506

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net deferred tax assets

 

21,535

 

33,082

 

45,312

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other

 

(5,109

)

 

 

Depreciable assets

 

(172,643

)

(195,647

)

(187,109

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Deferred tax liabilities

 

(177,752

)

(195,647

)

(187,109

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net deferred tax liabilities

 

(156,217

)

(162,565

)

(141,797

)

 

The net deferred tax assets are included in other assets.  Net deferred tax liabilities are presented on the face of the consolidated balance sheets.

 

A net deferred tax liability of $64,000,000 was recognized at December 31, 2008 on the consolidation of Charleston Center LLC. This liability results from the difference between the tax basis of the hotel’s depreciable assets and the fair value of these assets consolidated in the OEH balance sheet. A net deferred tax liability of $61,072,000 was recognized at December 31, 2011 and is included in the table above.

 

The gross amount of tax loss carryforwards is $211,851,368 at December 31, 2011 (2010 - $200,152,509).  Of this amount, $16,108,730 will expire in the five years ending December 31, 2016 and a further $83,464,980 will expire in the five years ending December 31, 2021. The remaining losses of $112,277,658 will expire after December 31, 2021 or have no expiry date.  After weighing all positive and negative evidence, a valuation allowance has been provided against gross deferred tax assets where management believes it is more likely than not that the benefits associated with these assets will not be realized.

 

Except for earnings that are currently distributed, income taxes and foreign withholding taxes have not been recognized on the excess of the amount for financial reporting purposes over the tax basis of investments in foreign subsidiaries that are essentially permanent in duration.  A liability could arise if amounts are distributed by the subsidiaries or if the subsidiaries are ultimately disposed of.  The amount of temporary differences totaled $66,609,883 at December 31, 2011 (2010 - $73,856,347).  It is not practicable to estimate the additional income taxes related to permanently reinvested earnings or the temporary differences related to investments in subsidiaries.

 

OEH’s 2011 tax provision of $20,167,000 (2010 - $24,658,000) included a benefit of $3,430,000 (2010 - charge of $1,153,000) in respect of the provision for uncertain tax positions under ASC 740, of which $284,000 (2010 - $547,000) related to the potential interest and penalty costs associated with the uncertain tax positions.

 

The 2011 provision for income taxes included a deferred tax provision of $4,009,000 in respect of valuation allowances due to a change in estimate concerning OEH’s ability to realize loss carryforwards and other deferred tax assets in certain jurisdictions compared to an $8,980,000 provision in 2010.

 

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At December 31, 2011, the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits included the following:

 

Year ended December 31, 2011

 

Total
$’000

 

Principal
$’000

 

Interest
$’000

 

Penalties
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance at January 1, 2011

 

8,194

 

4,550

 

1,627

 

2,017

 

Additional uncertain tax provision identified during the year

 

 

 

 

 

Uncertain tax provision on prior year positions

 

817

 

600

 

132

 

85

 

Uncertain tax provisions paid during the year

 

(642

)

(306

)

(192

)

(144

)

Uncertain tax provisions settled during the year

 

(3,178

)

(1,500

)

(358

)

(1,320

)

Foreign exchange

 

(436

)

(175

)

(61

)

(200

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance at December 31, 2011

 

4,755

 

3,169

 

1,148

 

438

 

 

At December 31, 2011, OEH recognized a $4,755,000 liability in respect of its uncertain tax positions. All of this ASC 740 provision arises in jurisdictions in which OEH conducts business other than Bermuda. The entire balance of uncertain tax benefit at December 31, 2011, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate.

 

At December 31, 2010, the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits included the following:

 

Year ended December 31, 2010

 

Total
$’000

 

Principal
$’000

 

Interest
$’000

 

Penalties
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance at January 1, 2010

 

7,151

 

4,054

 

1,219

 

1,878

 

Additional uncertain tax provision identified during the year

 

1,153

 

606

 

408

 

139

 

Uncertain tax provision on prior year positions

 

 

 

 

 

Uncertain tax provisions paid during the year

 

 

 

 

 

Uncertain tax provisions settled during the year

 

 

 

 

 

Foreign exchange

 

(110

)

(110

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance at December 31, 2010

 

8,194

 

4,550

 

1,627

 

2,017

 

 

At December 31, 2009, the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits included the following:

 

Year ended December 31, 2009

 

Total
$’000

 

Principal
$’000

 

Interest
$’000

 

Penalties
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance at January 1, 2009

 

11,493

 

8,180

 

1,140

 

2,173

 

Additional uncertain tax provision identified during the year

 

1,097

 

748

 

254

 

95

 

Uncertain tax provision on prior year positions

 

(4,959

)

(4,523

)

(83

)

(353

)

Uncertain tax provisions paid during the year

 

(340

)

(272

)

(68

)

 

Uncertain tax provisions settled during the year

 

 

 

 

 

Foreign exchange

 

(140

)

(79

)

(24

)

(37

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance at December 31, 2009

 

7,151

 

4,054

 

1,219

 

1,878

 

 

Certain subsidiaries of the Company are subject to taxation in the United States and various states and other non-U.S. jurisdictions. As of December 31, 2011, all tax years before 2003 are closed to examination by the tax authorities.

 

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OEH believes that it is reasonably possible that within the next 12 months the ASC 740 provision will decrease by approximately $500,000 to $1,000,000 as a result of expiration of uncertain tax positions in certain jurisdictions in which OEH operates.

 

15.          Supplemental cash flow information and restricted cash

 

Year ended December 31,

 

2011
$’000

 

2010
$’000

 

2009
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash paid for:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest

 

38,239

 

33,854

 

35,602

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Income taxes

 

16,413

 

14,420

 

14,412

 

 

Non-cash investing and financing activities:

 

In conjunction with certain acquisitions in 2011, 2010 and 2009 (see Note 4), liabilities were assumed as follows:

 

Year ended December 31,

 

2011
$’000

 

2010
$’000

 

2009
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fair value of assets acquired

 

 

115,165

 

86

 

Cash paid

 

 

(46,285

)

(86

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Liabilities assumed

 

 

(68,880

)

 

 

The purchase price, net of contingent consideration, of Grand Hotel Timeo and Villa Sant’Andrea acquired in January 2010 included vendor financing of €5,000,000 ($7,064,000) at the date of acquisition.

 

OEH entered into a non-cash transaction to purchase land adjacent to its hotel at La Samanna in St. Martin from a third party during the year ended December 31, 2010.  See Note 4.

 

Restricted cash

 

December 31,

 

2011
$’000

 

2010
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash deposits required to be held with lending banks to support OEH’s payment of interest and principal

 

9,606

 

4,204

 

Collateral to support derivatives with negative mark-to-market position

 

 

1,558

 

Escrow deposits from purchasers of units at Porto Cupecoy which will be released to OEH as sales close

 

2,890

 

1,960

 

Prepaid customer deposits which will be released to OEH under its revenue recognition policy

 

718

 

707

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

13,214

 

8,429

 

 

16.          Shareholders’ equity

 

(a)          Public offerings

 

On November 15, 2010, the Company issued and sold through underwriters 11,500,000 class A common shares in a public offering registered in the United States.  Net proceeds amounted to $117,277,000.

 

On January 19, 2010, the Company issued and sold through underwriters 13,800,000 class A common shares in a public offering registered in the United States.  Net proceeds amounted to $130,775,000.

 

In May 2009, the Company issued and sold through underwriters 25,875,000 class A common shares in a public offering registered in the United States.  Net proceeds amounted to $140,901,000.

 

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(b)          Dual common share capitalization

 

The Company has been capitalized with class A common shares, of which there are 240,000,000 authorized, and class B common shares, of which there are 120,000,000 authorized, each convertible at any time into one class A common share.  In general, holders of class A and class B common shares vote together as a single class, with holders of class B shares having one vote per share and holders of class A shares having one-tenth of one vote per share.  In all other substantial respects, the class A and class B common shares are the same.

 

(c)          Shareholder rights agreement

 

The Company has in place a shareholder rights agreement which will be implemented not earlier than the tenth day following the first to occur of (i) the public announcement of the acquisition by a person (other than a subsidiary of the Company) of 15% or more of the outstanding class A common shares or 15% or more of the outstanding class B common shares, and (ii) the commencement or announcement of a tender offer or exchange offer by a person for 30% or more of the outstanding class A common shares or 30% or more of the outstanding class B common shares.  At that time, the rights will detach from the class A and class B common shares, and the holders of the rights will be entitled to purchase, for each right held, one one-hundredth of a series A junior participating preferred share of the Company at an exercise price of $70 (the “Purchase Price”) for each one one-hundredth of such junior preferred share, subject to adjustment in certain events.  From and after the date on which any person acquires beneficial ownership of 15% or more of the outstanding class A common shares or 15% or more of the outstanding class B common shares, each holder of a right (other than the acquiring person) will be entitled upon exercise to receive, at the then current Purchase Price and in lieu of the junior preferred shares, that number of class A or class B common shares (depending on whether the right was previously attached to a class A or B share) having a market value of twice the Purchase Price.  If the Company is acquired or 50% or more of its consolidated assets or earning power is sold, each holder of a right will be entitled to receive, upon exercise at the then current Purchase Price, that amount of common equity of the acquiring company which at the time of such transaction would have a market value of two times the Purchase Price.  Also, the Company’s board of directors may exchange all or some of the rights for class A and class B common shares (depending on whether the right was previously attached to a class A or B share) if any person acquires 15% beneficial ownership as described above, but less than 50% beneficial ownership.  The rights will expire on June 1, 2020 but may be redeemed at a price of $0.05 per right at any time prior to the tenth day following the date on which a person acquires beneficial ownership of 15% or more of the outstanding class A common shares or 15% or more of the outstanding class B common shares.

 

(d)          Acquired shares

 

Included in shareholders’ equity is a reduction for 18,044,478 class B common shares of the Company that a subsidiary of the Company acquired in 2002.  Under applicable Bermuda law, these shares are outstanding and may be voted although in computing earnings per share these shares are treated as a reduction to outstanding shares.

 

(e)          Preferred shares

 

The Company has 30,000,000 authorized preferred shares, par value $0.01 each, 500,000 of which have been reserved for issuance as series A junior participating preferred shares upon exercise of preferred share purchase rights held by class A and B common shareholders in connection with the shareholder rights agreement.

 

17.          Share-based compensation plans

 

At December 31, 2011, OEH had five share-based compensation plans, which are described below.  The compensation cost that has been charged against earnings for these plans was $6,752,000 for the year ended December 31, 2011 (2010 - $5,965,000; 2009 - $4,121,000). Cash received from exercised options and vested awards was $3,000 for the year ended December 31, 2011 (2010 - $1,000; 2009 - $15,000). The total compensation cost related to unexercised options and unvested share awards at December 31, 2011 to be recognized over the period January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2014, was $10,507,000 and the weighted average period over which it is expected to be recognized is 25 months.

 

(a)          2000 and 2004 stock option plans

 

Under the Company’s 2000 and 2004 stock option plans, options to purchase up to 750,000 and 1,000,000 class A common shares, respectively, could be awarded to employees of OEH at fair market value at the date of grant.  Options are exercisable three years after award and must be exercised ten years from the date of grant.  At December 31, 2011, 39,750 class A common shares were reserved under the 2000 plan for issuance pursuant to options awarded to nine persons, and 499,100 class A common shares were reserved under the 2004 plan for issuance pursuant to options awarded to 69 persons.  At December 31, 2011, no shares remain available for future grants under the 2000 and 2004 plans as these have been transferred to the 2009 plan described below.

 

The fair value of grants made in the year to December 31, 2011 was $Nil (2010 - $Nil; 2009 - $Nil).  The fair value of options which became exercisable in the year to December 31, 2011 was $1,218,000. For options which became exercisable during the year, the weighted average remaining contractual life is 6.8 years and the weighted average exercise price is $11.42. The fair value of options which were exercised in the year to December 31, 2011 was $9,000.

 

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Details of share option transactions under the 2000 and 2004 stock option plans are as follows:

 

 

 

Number of shares
subject to options

 

Weighted average
exercise price

$

 

Weighted average
remaining
contractual life in
years

 

Aggregate intrinsic
value

$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Outstanding — January 1, 2010

 

874,950

 

24.13

 

 

 

 

 

Granted

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exercised

 

(13,500

)

5.89

 

 

 

 

 

Forfeited, cancelled or expired

 

(52,950

)

21.86

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Outstanding — December 31, 2010

 

808,500

 

24.57

 

 

 

 

 

Granted

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exercised

 

(4,677

)

5.89

 

 

 

 

 

Forfeited, cancelled or expired

 

(264,973

)

27.53

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Outstanding — December 31, 2011

 

538,850

 

23.05

 

5.7

 

402

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exercisable — December 31, 2011

 

538,850

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The options outstanding under the 2000 and 2004 plans at December 31, 2011 were as follows:

 

Exercise
prices

$

 

Outstanding at
12/31/2011

 

Exercisable at
12/31/2011

 

Remaining
contractual
lives

 

Exercise prices
for outstanding
options

$

 

Exercise prices
for exercisable
options
$

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5.89

 

254,300

 

254,300

 

6.9

 

5.89

 

5.89

 

13.06

 

14,250

 

14,250

 

0.8

 

13.06

 

13.06

 

13.40

 

10,000

 

10,000

 

1.4

 

13.40

 

13.40

 

14.70

 

35,000

 

35,000

 

2.6

 

14.70

 

14.70

 

28.40

 

15,000

 

15,000

 

3.7

 

28.40

 

28.40

 

28.50

 

16,500

 

16,500

 

3.5

 

28.50

 

28.50

 

34.88

 

3,200

 

3,200

 

4.2

 

34.88

 

34.88

 

34.90

 

8,650

 

8,650

 

4.6

 

34.90

 

34.90

 

35.85

 

16,500

 

16,500

 

6.7

 

35.85

 

35.85

 

36.50

 

24,550

 

24,550

 

4.5

 

36.50

 

36.50

 

42.87

 

8,050

 

8,050

 

4.9

 

42.87

 

42.87

 

46.08

 

14,200

 

14,200

 

6.4

 

46.08

 

46.08

 

51.90

 

12,600

 

12,600

 

6.2

 

51.90

 

51.90

 

52.51

 

7,800

 

7,800

 

5.2

 

52.51

 

52.51

 

52.51

 

78,650

 

78,650

 

5.7

 

52.51

 

52.51

 

52.59

 

9,300

 

9,300

 

5.5

 

52.59

 

52.59

 

59.23

 

10,300

 

10,300

 

5.9

 

59.23

 

59.23

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

538,850

 

538,850

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The weighted average fair value of options granted during the year ended December 31, 2011 was $Nil (2010 - $Nil; 2009 - $Nil).

 

Expected volatilities are based on historical volatility of the Company’s class A common share price and other factors.  The expected term of options granted is based on historical data and represents the period of time that options are expected to be outstanding.  The risk-free rate for periods within the expected life of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant.

 

(b)          2007 performance share plan

 

Under the Company’s 2007 performance share plan, awards of up to 500,000 class A common shares could be granted to OEH employees.  The shares covered by the awards are to be issued after at least one year from the grant date upon payment of a nominal amount ($0.01 per share), subject to meeting performance criteria set forth in the awards.  Awards have also been granted under the plan without any specified performance criteria. When the shares are issued under the awards, the grantees are also entitled to receive a cash equivalent of the dividends, if any, which would have been paid on the shares in respect of dividend record dates occurring during the period between the award grant date and the share issue date. At December 31, 2011, no shares remain available for future grants as these have been transferred to the 2009 plan described below.

 

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At December 31, 2011, 172,229 class A common shares were reserved under the plan for issuance pursuant to awards made to 11 persons.

 

Awards covering a total of 45,380 class A common shares do not specify any performance criteria and will vest as long as the grantees are still directors or employees after three years from the grant date.

 

In 2009, the Company granted to ten OEH employees share-based awards with performance and market conditions covering a total of up to 210,519 class A common shares.  Half of each award is subject to performance criteria based on OEH’s earnings before tax for the year ending December 31, 2011, and the other half of each award is subject to market criteria based on OEH’s total shareholder return compared to the average total shareholder return of a specified group of other hotel and leisure companies over the period of three years.

 

The fair value of grants made in the year to December 31, 2011 was $Nil (2010 - $Nil; 2009 - $1,590,825). The fair value of grants vested in the year to December 31, 2011 was $170,462.

 

The status of the awards as of December 31, 2011 and 2010 and changes during the years then ended are presented as follows:

 

 

 

Number of shares
subject to awards

 

Weighted average
exercise price

$

 

Aggregate intrinsic
value

$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Outstanding — January 1, 2010

 

466,081

 

0.01

 

 

 

Granted

 

 

 

 

 

Vested

 

(180,744

)

0.01

 

 

 

Forfeited, cancelled or expired

 

(825

)

0.01

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Outstanding — December 31, 2010

 

284,512

 

0.01

 

 

 

Granted

 

 

 

 

 

Vested

 

(26,690

)

0.01

 

 

 

Forfeited, cancelled or expired

 

(85,593

)

0.01

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Outstanding — December 31, 2011

 

172,229

 

0.01

 

1,285

 

 

Estimates of fair values of the awards with performance and market conditions were made using the Monte Carlo valuation model, and estimates of fair values of the awards without performances and market conditions issued were made using the Black-Scholes valuation model based on the following assumptions:

 

Year ended December 31,

 

2011

 

2010

 

2009

 

Expected share price volatility

 

 

 

49.00

%

Risk-free interest rate

 

 

 

1.75

%

Expected annual dividends per share

 

 

 

$

0.00

 

Expected life of awards

 

 

 

1-3 years

 

 

(c)          2007 stock appreciation rights plan

 

Under the Company’s 2007 stock appreciation rights plan, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”) may be awarded to eligible employees.  Each award is to be settled in cash measured by the increase (if any) of the publicly-quoted price of the Company’s class A common shares between the date of the award and the third anniversary of that date, multiplied by the number of SARs granted in the individual award.

 

In the year ended December 31, 2011, no SARs were awarded. In the year ended December 31, 2010, OEH awarded 57,455 SARs at a price of $11.44 per SAR vesting in 2013. In the year ended December 31, 2009, OEH awarded 65,415 SARs at a price of $6.50 (awarded on January 20, 2009) and $8.91 (awarded on December 3, 2009) per SAR vesting in 2012.

 

Awards of SARs have been recorded as other liabilities with a fair value of $111,000.

 

Estimates of fair values of the awards were made using the Black-Scholes valuation model based on the following assumptions:

 

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Year ended December 31,

 

2011

 

2010

 

2009

 

Expected share price volatility

 

51%-59

%

50%-79

%

80%-92

%

Risk-free interest rate

 

0.28%-0.45

%

1.02

%

1.48%-2.69

%

Expected annual dividends per share

 

$

0.00

 

$

0.00

 

$

0.00

 

Expected life of awards

 

1.0 years

 

2.0 years

 

2.5 years

 

 

(d)          2009 share award and incentive plan

 

On June 5, 2009, the shareholders of the Company approved a new 2009 share award and incentive plan which replaced the 2000 stock option plan, 2004 stock option plan and 2007 performance share plan (the “Pre-existing Plans”). A total of 1,084,550 class A common shares plus the number of class A common shares subject to outstanding awards under the Pre-existing Plans which become available after June 5, 2009 as a result of expirations, cancellations, forfeitures or terminations, are reserved for issuance for awards under the 2009 share award and incentive plan. On June 3, 2010 the Company’s shareholders approved an amendment of the 2009 plan to increase by 4,000,000 the number of class A shares authorized for issuance under the plan.

 

The 2009 plan permits awards of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted shares, deferred shares, bonus shares and awards in lieu of obligations, dividend equivalents, other share-based awards, performance-based awards, or any combination of the foregoing. Each type of award is granted and vests based on its own terms, as determined by the Compensation Committee of the Company’s board of directors.

 

On March 1, 2011, OEH granted under the 2009 plan deferred shares without performance criteria covering 166,686 class A common shares of which 44,779 vested on June 30, 2011, 86,907 vest on March 1, 2012 and 35,000 vest on March 1, 2014. The stock price at the date of the award of deferred shares was $12.66 per share.

 

On May 31, 2011, OEH granted under the 2009 plan stock options on 421,600 class A common shares at an exercise price of $11.69 vesting on May 31, 2014. On the same day, it also granted under the 2009 plan deferred shares without performance criteria covering 13,600 class A common shares which vested on December 1, 2011, and deferred shares with performance criteria covering 147,914 class A common shares which vest on May 31, 2014. The stock price at the date of the award of deferred shares was $11.69 per share.

 

On June 13, 2011, OEH granted under the 2009 plan deferred shares without performance criteria covering 59,500 class A common shares which vest on June 13, 2014.  The stock price at the date of this award of deferred shares was $9.80.

 

On November 15, 2011, OEH granted under the 2009 plan stock options on 642,450 class A common shares at an exercise price of $8.06 vesting on November 15, 2014.

 

The fair value of option grants made in the year to December 31, 2011 was $4,793,000.  The fair value of options which became exercisable in the year to December 31, 2011 was $15,000. The fair value of options which were exercised in the year was $15,000.

 

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Transactions relating to stock options under the 2009 plan have been as follows:

 

 

 

Number of shares
subject to options

 

Weighted average
exercise price

$

 

Weighted average
remaining
contractual life in
years

 

Aggregate intrinsic
value

$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Outstanding — January 1, 2010

 

987,200

 

8.60

 

 

 

 

 

Granted

 

1,071,950

 

9.94

 

 

 

 

 

Exercised

 

(28,800

)

8.58

 

 

 

 

 

Forfeited, cancelled or expired

 

(20,000

)

8.91

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Outstanding — December 31, 2010

 

2,010,350

 

9.31

 

 

 

 

 

Granted

 

1,064,050

 

9.50

 

 

 

 

 

Exercised

 

(2,121

)

9.41

 

 

 

 

 

Forfeited, cancelled or expired

 

(536,679

)

9.51

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Outstanding — December 31, 2011

 

2,535,600

 

9.35

 

8.8

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exercisable — December 31, 2011

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The options outstanding under the 2009 plan at December 31, 2011 were as follows:

 

Exercise
prices
$

 

Outstanding at
12/31/2011

 

Exercisable at
12/31/2011

 

Remaining
contractual
lives

 

Exercise prices
for outstanding

options
$

 

Exercise prices
for exercisable
options
$

 

8.38

 

395,900

 

 

7.4

 

8.38

 

8.38

 

7.71

 

5,000

 

 

7.5

 

7.71

 

7.71

 

8.91

 

306,100

 

 

7.9

 

8.91

 

8.91

 

9.93

 

5,000

 

 

8.1

 

9.93

 

9.93

 

8.37

 

391,000

 

 

8.5

 

8.37

 

8.37

 

11.44

 

452,450

 

 

8.9

 

11.44

 

11.44

 

11.69

 

337,700

 

 

9.4

 

11.69

 

11.69

 

8.06

 

642,450

 

 

9.9

 

8.06

 

8.06

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2,535,600

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Estimates of the fair value of stock options on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model were based on the following assumptions:

 

Year ended December 31,

 

2011

 

2010

 

2009

 

Expected share price volatility

 

56%-58

%

55%-58

%

55%-56

%

Risk-free interest rate

 

1.40%-0.97

%

1.44%-2.71

%

2.14%-2.95

%

Expected annual dividends per share

 

$

0.00

 

$

0.00

 

$

0.00

 

Expected life of stock options

 

5 years

 

5 years

 

5 years

 

 

At December 31, 2011, 485,020 class A common shares were reserved under the 2009 plan for issuance pursuant to awards of deferred shares made to 18 persons.  Of these awards, 253,870 do not specify any performance criteria and will vest up to June 2014. The remaining awards of up to 231,150 deferred shares will also vest up to June 2014 and are subject to performance and market criteria. Half of the 231,150 deferred share awards is subject to performance criteria based on OEH’s earnings before tax for the three years ending December 31, 2014, and the other half is subject to market criteria based on OEH’s total shareholder return compared to the average total shareholder return of a specified group of other hotel and leisure companies over the period of three years.

 

The fair value of deferred shares awarded in the year to December 31, 2011 was $3,430,000. The fair value of deferred shares vested in the year to December 31, 2011 was $3,687,000.

 

The status of the deferred share awards as of December 31, 2011 and 2010 and changes during the years then ended were as follows:

 

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Table of Contents

 

 

 

Number of shares
subject to awards

 

Weighted average
exercise price

$

 

Aggregate intrinsic
value

$

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Outstanding — January 1, 2010

 

22,191

 

0.01

 

 

 

Granted

 

375,517

 

0.01

 

 

 

Vested

 

(40,000

)

0.01

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Outstanding — December 31, 2010

 

357,708

 

0.01

 

 

 

Granted

 

387,700

 

0.01

 

 

 

Vested

 

(219,128

)

0.01

 

 

 

Forfeited, cancelled or expired

 

(41,260

)

0.01

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Outstanding — December 31, 2011

 

485,020

 

0.01

 

3,618

 

 

Estimates of fair values of the awards with performance and market conditions were made using the Monte Carlo valuation model, and estimates of fair values of the awards without performances and market conditions issued were made using the Black-Scholes valuation model based on the following assumptions:

 

Year ended December 31,

 

2011

 

2010

 

2009

 

Expected share price volatility

 

88

%

93

%

76

%

Risk-free interest rate

 

1.40%-0.97

%

1.11

 

2.95

 

Expected annual dividends per share

 

$

0.00

 

$

0.00

 

$

0.00

 

Expected life of awards

 

3 years

 

3 years

 

3 years

 

 

18.          Commitments and contingencies

 

Outstanding contracts to purchase property, plant and equipment were approximately $15,432,000 at December 31, 2011 (2010 - $43,658,000). Additionally, outstanding contracts for project-related costs on the Porto Cupecoy development were approximately $499,000 at December 31, 2011 (2010 - $5,535,000).

 

OEH agreed to pay the vendor of Grand Hotel Timeo and Villa Sant’Andrea a further €5,000,000 (equivalent to $6,491,000 at December 31, 2011) if, by 2015, additional rooms are constructed at Grand Hotel Timeo and certain required permits are granted to expand and add a swimming pool to Villa Sant’Andrea.  In February 2011, €1,500,000 (equivalent to $2,062,000 at February 28, 2011) of this amount was paid to the vendor as the appropriate permits to add a swimming pool to Villa Sant’Andrea have been obtained. See Note 4.

 

‘21’ Club was a defendant in a putative class action lawsuit brought by private banqueting service staff seeking to recover alleged retained gratuities and overtime wages pursuant to New York State and U.S. federal wage and hour laws. In August 2011, the parties agreed in principle to settle the case by OEH paying plaintiffs $2,000,000 which had been accrued. This settlement was approved by the court in January 2012 and it was paid promptly after court approval.  Additionally, OEH accrued $500,000 in legal and tax costs associated with the lawsuit and settlement.

 

The Company and certain of its subsidiaries are parties to various legal proceedings arising in the normal course of business. The outcome of each of these matters cannot be absolutely determined, and the liability that the relevant parties may ultimately incur with respect to any one of these matters in the event of a negative outcome may be in excess of amounts currently accrued for with respect to these matters.

 

In May 2010, OEH settled litigation for infringement of its “Cipriani” trademark in Europe.  An amount of $3,947,000 was paid by the defendants to OEH on March 2, 2010 with the balance of $9,833,000 being payable in installments over five years with interest.  The remaining payments, totaling $7,293,000 at December 31, 2011, have not been recognized by OEH because of the uncertainty of collectability.

 

See Note 7 regarding assignment of the purchase and development agreements between OEH and the New York Public Library, including put and call options which were part of the contractual provisions under that assignment.

 

Future rental payments under operating leases in respect of equipment rentals and leased premises are payable as follows:

 

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Year ended December 31,

 

$’000

 

 

 

 

 

2012

 

8,857

 

2013

 

8,848

 

2014

 

8,845

 

2015

 

8,756

 

2016

 

8,231

 

2017 and thereafter

 

88,088

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

131,625

 

 

Rental expense for the year ended December 31, 2011 amounted to $9,865,000 (2010 - $9,459,000; 2009 - $8,825,000).

 

OEH has granted to James Sherwood, a former director of the Company, a right of first refusal to purchase the Hotel Cipriani in Venice, Italy in the event OEH proposes to sell it. The purchase price would be the offered sale price in the case of a cash sale or the fair market value of the hotel, as determined by an independent valuer, in the case of a non-cash sale. Mr. Sherwood has also been granted an option to purchase the hotel at fair market value if a change in control of the Company occurs. Mr. Sherwood may elect to pay 80% of the purchase price if he exercises his right of first refusal, or 100% of the purchase price if he exercises his purchase option, by a non-recourse promissory note secured by the hotel payable in ten equal annual installments with interest at LIBOR. These agreements relating to the Hotel Cipriani between Mr. Sherwood and OEH and its predecessor companies have been in place since 1983 and were last amended and restated in 2005.

 

19.          Derivative financial instruments and fair value accounting

 

Risk management objective of using derivatives

 

OEH enters into derivative financial instruments to manage its exposures to future movements in interest rates on its borrowings.

 

Cash flow hedges of interest rate risk

 

OEH’s objective in using interest rate derivatives is to add certainty and stability to its interest expense and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, OEH primarily uses interest rate swaps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. An interest rate swap is a transaction between two parties in which each agrees to exchange, or swap, interest payments where the interest payment amounts are tied to different interest rates or indices for a specified period of time and are based on a notional amount of principal.  During the year ended December 31, 2011 interest rate swaps were used to hedge the variable cash flows associated with existing variable interest rate debt.

 

Derivative instruments are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value.  The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives designated and qualifying as cash flow hedges is recorded in other comprehensive income/(loss) and is subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged forecast transaction affects earnings.  The ineffective portion of the change in fair value of the derivatives is recognized directly in earnings.

 

As of December 31, 2011, OEH had the following outstanding interest rate derivatives stated at their notional amounts in local currency that were designated as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk:

 

December 31,

 

2011
000

 

2010
000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest Rate Swaps

 

148,332

 

158,495

 

Interest Rate Swaps

 

$

117,765

 

$

154,728

 

Interest Rate Swaps

 

A$

10,800

 

A$

11,100

 

 

Non-derivative financial instruments — net investment hedges

 

OEH uses certain of its debt denominated in foreign currency to hedge portions of its net investments in foreign operations against adverse movements in exchange rates. OEH’s designates its euro-denominated indebtedness as a net investment hedge of long-term investments in its euro-functional subsidiaries.  These contracts are included in non-derivative hedging instruments. The fair values of non-derivative hedging instruments were $45,919,000 at December 31, 2011 (2010 - $50,310,000), both being liabilities of OEH. Amounts recorded in other comprehensive income/(loss) were a $2,748,000 gain for the year ended December 31, 2011 (2010 - $4,398,000 gain).  The fair value of debt incorporates a credit valuation adjustment to take account of OEH’s credit risk.

 

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Non-designated hedges of interest rate risk

 

Derivatives not designated as hedges are used to manage OEH’s exposure to interest rate movements but do not meet the strict hedge accounting requirements prescribed in the authoritative accounting guidance.  As of December 31, 2011, OEH had an interest rate swap with a notional amount of $Nil (2010 - $8,327,000) that was a non-designated hedge of OEH’s exposure to interest rate risk, and interest rate options with a fair value of $60,000 (2010 - $361,000) and a notional amount of €43,593,750 and $54,880,000 (2010 - €44,719,000 and $55,720,000).

 

The table below presents the fair value of OEH’s derivative financial instruments and their classification as of December 31, 2011 and 2010:

 

 

 

Liability Derivatives

 

 

 

Balance Sheet
Location

 

Fair Value as of
December 31, 2011
$’000

 

Fair Value as of
December 31, 2010
$’000

 

Derivatives designated in a cash flow hedging relationship:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest Rate Swaps

 

Other assets

 

 

1,033

 

Interest Rate Swaps

 

Accrued liabilities

 

(3,443

)

(6,061

)

Interest Rate Swaps

 

Other liabilities

 

(7,511

)

(9,114

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total

 

 

 

(10,954

)

(14,142

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest Rate Options

 

Other assets

 

60

 

361

 

Interest Rate Swap

 

Accrued liabilities

 

 

(131

)

Interest Rate Swap

 

Other liabilities

 

 

(654

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total

 

 

 

60

 

(424

)

 

The table below (in which “OCI” means other comprehensive income) presents the effect of OEH’s derivative financial instruments on the statements of consolidated operations and the statements of changes in consolidated total equity for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010:

 

Year ended December 31,

 

2011
$’000

 

2010
$’000

 

2009
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest rate swaps designated as hedging instruments:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Amount of loss recognized in OCI (effective portion)

 

(7,566

)

(8,385

)

(9,710

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Amount of loss reclassified from accumulated OCI into interest income (effective portion)

 

8,789

 

11,027

 

7,068

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Deferred tax on OCI movement

 

1,082

 

(112

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Change in fair value of derivatives, net of tax

 

2,305

 

2,530

 

(2,642

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Amount of gain recognized in interest expense on derivatives (ineffective portion)

 

(353

)

(534

)

(20

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Amount of realized and unrealized gain/(loss) recognized in interest expense

 

484

 

(2,217

)

(1,081

)

 

At December 31, 2011, the amount accounted for in other comprehensive income/(loss) which is expected to be reclassified to interest expense in the next 12 months is $3,080,000 (2010 - $8,635,000).

 

Credit-risk-related contingent features

 

OEH has agreements with some of its derivative counterparties that contain provisions under which, if OEH defaults on the debt associated with the hedging instrument, OEH could also be declared in default in respect of its derivative obligations.

 

As of December 31, 2011, the fair value of derivatives in a net liability position, which includes accrued interest and an adjustment for non-performance risk, related to these agreements was $10,953,308 (2010 - $14,927,000). As of December 31, 2011, OEH had no cash collateral (2010 - $1,558,000) with certain of its derivative counterparties in respect of these net liability positions. If OEH breached any of these provisions, it would be required to settle its obligations under the agreements at their termination value of $11,551,365 (2010 - $15,161,000).

 

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Fair value measurements

 

Derivatives are recorded in the consolidated balance sheet at fair value.  The valuation process for the derivatives uses observable market data provided by third-party sources. Interest rate swaps are valued by using yield curves derived from observable interest rates to project future swap cash flows and then discount these cash flows back to present values. Interest rate caps are valued using a model that projects the probability of various levels of interest rates occurring in the future using observable volatilities. OEH incorporates credit valuation adjustments to reflect both its own and its respective counterparty’s non-performance risk in the fair value measurements.

 

In the determination of fair value of derivative instruments, a credit valuation adjustment is applied to OEH’s derivative exposures to take into account the risk of the counterparty defaulting with the derivative in an asset position and, when the derivative is in a liability position, the risk that OEH may default. The credit valuation adjustment is calculated by determining the total expected exposure of the derivatives (incorporating both the current and potential future exposure) and then applying each counterparty’s credit spread to the applicable exposure.  For interest rate swaps, OEH’s own credit spread is applied to the counterparty’s exposure to OEH and the counterparties credit spread is applied to OEH’s exposure to the counterparty, and then the net credit valuation adjustment is reflected in the determination of the fair value of the derivative instrument.  The credit spreads used as inputs in the fair values calculations represent implied credit default swaps obtained from a third-party credit data provider.  Some of the inputs into the credit valuation adjustment are not observable and, therefore, they are considered to be Level 3 inputs.  Where credit valuation adjustment exceeds 20% of the fair value of the derivatives, Level 3 inputs are assumed to have a significant impact on the fair value of the derivatives in their entirety and the derivative is classified as Level 3.  OEH reviews its fair value hierarchy classifications quarterly.  Transfers between levels are made at the fair value on the actual date of the transfer if the event or change in circumstances caused the transfer can be identified.

 

The following tables summarize the valuation of OEH’s assets and liabilities by the fair value hierarchy at December 31, 2011 and 2010:

 

December 31, 2011

 

Level 1
$’000

 

Level 2
$’000

 

Level 3
$’000

 

Total
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Assets at fair value:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Derivative financial instruments

 

 

60

 

 

60

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total assets

 

 

60

 

 

60

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Liabilities at fair value:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Derivative financial instruments

 

 

(10,954

)

 

(10,954

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total net liabilities

 

 

(10,894

)

 

(10,894

)

 

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December 31, 2010

 

Level 1
$’000

 

Level 2
$’000

 

Level 3
$’000

 

Total
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Assets at fair value:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Derivative financial instruments

 

 

1,394

 

 

1,394

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total assets

 

 

1,394

 

 

1,394

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Liabilities at fair value:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Derivative financial instruments

 

 

(15,683

)

(277

)

(15,960

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total net liabilities

 

 

(14,289

)

(277

)

(14,566

)

 

The tables below present a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of liabilities having fair value measurements based on significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010:

 

 

 

Beginning
balance
at
January 1,
2011
$’000

 

Transfers
into/ (out of)
Level 3
$’000

 

Realized
losses
included
in
earnings
$’000

 

Unrealized
gains
included in
other
comprehensive
income
$’000

 

Purchases,
Sales, Issuances
or Settlements
$’000

 

Ending
balance
at
December 31,
2011
$’000

 

Liabilities at fair value:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Derivative financial instruments

 

277

 

(1,473

)

305

 

1,140

 

305

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total liabilities

 

277

 

(1,473

)

305

 

1,140

 

305

 

 

 

 

 

Beginning
balance
at
January 1,
2010
$’000

 

Transfers
into/ (out of)
Level 3
$’000

 

Realized
losses
included
in
earnings
$’000

 

Unrealized
gains
included in
other
comprehensive
income
$’000

 

Purchases,
Sales, Issuances
or Settlements
$’000

 

Ending
balance
at
December 31,
2010
$’000

 

Liabilities at fair value:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Derivative financial instruments

 

 

 

 

277

 

 

277

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total liabilities

 

 

 

 

277

 

 

277

 

 

The transfers into Level 3 in 2011 represent new swaps with a fair value close to zero where the credit valuation adjustment is greater than 20% of the fair value.

 

The amount of total losses for the year ended December 31, 2011 included in earnings that are attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to those liabilities still held was $Nil (2010 - $Nil; 2009 - $15,000).

 

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Non-financial assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis

 

The estimated fair values of OEH’s non-financial assets measured on a non-recurring basis at December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 are as follows:

 

 

 

 

 

Fair value measurements using

 

 

 

 

 

Fair Value (1)
at December
31, 2011
$’000

 

Quoted
prices

in active
markets
for
identical
assets
(Level 1)
$’000

 

Significant
other
observable
inputs
(Level 2)
$’000

 

Significant
unobservable

inputs
(Level 3)
$’000

 

Total losses
in year
ended
December 31,
2011
$’000

 

Assets of discontinued operations held for sale

 

21,750

 

 

 

21,750

 

(26,084

)

Property, plant and equipment

 

6,000

 

 

 

6,000

 

(9,830

)

Goodwill

 

 

 

 

 

(12,422

)

Real estate assets

 

39,238

 

 

 

39,238

 

(36,869

)

 

 

 

 

 

Fair value measurements using

 

 

 

 

 

Fair Value (1)
at December
31, 2010
$’000

 

Quoted
prices

in active
markets
for
identical
assets
(Level 1)
$’000

 

Significant
other
observable
inputs
(Level 2)
$’000

 

Significant
unobservable

inputs
(Level 3)
$’000

 

Total losses
in year
ended
December 31,
2010
$’000

 

Assets of discontinued operations held for sale

 

22,004

 

 

 

22,004

 

(6,164

)

Property, plant and equipment

 

22,912

 

 

 

22,912

 

(6,386

)

Goodwill

 

 

 

 

 

(5,895

)

Real estate assets

 

86,151

 

 

 

86,151

 

(24,616

)

Other intangible assets

 

1,020

 

 

 

1,020

 

(1,070

)

 

 

 

 

 

Fair value measurements using

 

 

 

 

 

Fair Value (1)
At December
31, 2009
$’000

 

Quoted
prices

in active
markets
for
identical
assets
(Level 1)
$’000

 

Significant
other
observable
inputs
(Level 2)
$’000

 

Significant
unobservable

inputs
(Level 3)
$’000

 

Total losses
for year
ended
December 31,
2009
$’000

 

Assets of discontinued operations held for sale

 

93,050

 

 

93,050

 

 

(53,784

)

Goodwill

 

 

 

 

 

(6,287

)

Other intangible assets

 

 

 

 

 

(213

)

 


(1)   Excludes costs to sell.

 

Assets of discontinued operations held for sale

 

For the year ended December 31, 2011, assets of discontinued operations held for sale related to Keswick Hall with a carrying value of $43,934,000 (including the value of land held for property development) were written down to fair value of $20,000,000, resulting in a non-cash impairment charge of $23,934,000.  In the fourth quarter of 2011, a model home was sold for $1,250,000, reducing the fair value of Keswick Hall (including the value of land held for property development) to $18,750,000.  In addition, assets of discontinued operations held for sale at Bora Bora Lagoon Resort were written down to its fair value (less costs to sell) of $2,850,000, resulting in a non-cash impairment charge of $2,150,000.

 

For the year ended December 31, 2010, assets of discontinued operations held for sale with a carrying amount of $5,000,000 (net of offsetting amounts within the currency translation adjustments account) of Bora Bora Lagoon Resort were increased to their fair value, resulting in a gain of $1,425,000 from foreign currency fluctuations.  Assets of discontinued operations held for sale of Hôtel de la Cité with a carrying value of $18,276,000 were written down to their fair value of $12,287,000, resulting in a non-cash impairment charge of $5,989,000.

 

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In addition, real estate assets held for sale of Keswick Hall (model development homes), which were transferred to assets of discontinued operations held for sale, were written down to their fair value, resulting in an impairment charge of $1,600,000.

 

For the year ended December 31, 2009, assets of discontinued operations held for sale of Windsor Court Hotel, Bora Bora Lagoon Resort and La Cabana with carrying amounts of $146,834,000 were written down to their fair value, less costs to sell, resulting in a loss of $53,784,000.

 

Any gains or losses on movements are included in earnings/(losses) from discontinued operations in the period incurred.  See Note 2.

 

Property, plant and equipment

 

For the year ended December 31, 2011, property, plant and equipment at Casa de Sierra Nevada with a carrying value of $14,153,000 was written down to fair value of $6,000,000, resulting in a non-cash impairment charge of $8,153,000.  Additionally, as part of an overall impairment calculation, property, plant and equipment at Porto Cupecoy with a carrying value of $1,677,000 were written down to their fair value of $Nil.  See Note 6.

 

See Note 7 regarding assignment of the purchase and development agreements between OEH and the New York Public Library, including discussion related to put and call options included as part of the contractual provisions under that assignment. Based on terms under negotiation with interested parties in 2010, OEH recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $6,386,000 at December 31, 2010 on land and buildings for the capitalized pre-development expenses incurred in the project.

 

These impairments are included in earnings from continuing operations in the period incurred. See Note 7.

 

Goodwill

 

For the year ended December 31, 2011, goodwill of Maroma Resort and Spa, La Residencia, Mount Nelson Hotel and Westcliff Hotel with a carrying value of $12,422,000 was written down to its fair value of $Nil, resulting in a non-cash impairment charge of $12,422,000 which was included in earnings from continuing operations for the period.

 

For the year ended December 31, 2010, goodwill of La Samanna and Napasai with a carrying value of $5,895,000 was written down to its fair value of $Nil, resulting in a non-cash impairment charge of $5,895,000 which was included in earnings from continuing operations for the period.

 

For the year ended December 31, 2009, goodwill with a carrying amount of $6,287,000 of several hotels based on annual impairment tests was written down to its fair value of $Nil, resulting in a non-cash impairment charge of $6,287,000.

 

These impairments are included in earnings from continuing operations in the period incurred. See Note 8.

 

Real estate assets

 

For the year ended December 31, 2011, real estate assets held for sale at the Porto Cupecoy development were written down to their fair value (less costs to sell), resulting in a non-cash impairment charge of $36,868,000.

 

For the year ended December 31, 2010, real estate assets held for sale of Porto Cupecoy were written down to their fair value (less costs to sell), resulting in a non-cash impairment charge of $24,616,000.

 

These impairments are included in earnings from continuing operations in the period incurred. See Note 6.

 

Other intangible assets

 

There were no impairments to other intangible assets in the year ended December 31, 2011.

 

For the year ended December 31, 2010, other intangible assets of Internet-based businesses Luxurytravel.com UK Ltd. and O.E. Interactive Ltd. with a carrying value of $2,090,000 were written down to their fair value of $1,020,000 resulting in a non-cash impairment charge of $1,070,000.

 

For the year ended December 31, 2009, other intangible assets with a carrying amount of $213,000 were written down to their fair value of $Nil, resulting in a non-cash impairment charge of $213,000.

 

These impairments are included in earnings from continuing operations in the period incurred. See Note 8.

 

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Fair value of financial instruments

 

Certain methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments. The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and working capital facilities approximates fair value because of the short maturity of those instruments.

 

The fair value of OEH’s long-term debt is estimated based on the quoted market prices for the same or similar issues or on the current rates offered to OEH for debt of the same remaining maturities.

 

The estimated fair values of OEH’s financial instruments (other than derivative financial instruments) as of December 31, 2011 and 2010 are as follows:

 

December 31, 2011

 

Carrying
amounts

$’000

 

Fair value
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

90,104

 

90,104

 

Accounts receivable

 

44,972

 

44,972

 

Working capital facilities

 

 

 

Accounts payable

 

28,998

 

28,998

 

Accrued liabilities

 

87,617

 

87,617

 

Long-term debt, including current portion, excluding obligations under capital leases

 

538,730

 

509,866

 

Long-term debt held by consolidated variable interest entities

 

90,529

 

89,525

 

 

December 31, 2010

 

Carrying
amounts
$’000

 

Fair value
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

150,107

 

150,107

 

Accounts receivable

 

49,553

 

49,553

 

Working capital facilities

 

1,174

 

1,174

 

Accounts payable

 

25,448

 

25,448

 

Accrued liabilities

 

71,554

 

71,554

 

Long-term debt, including current portion, excluding obligations under capital leases

 

630,952

 

601,147

 

Long-term debt held by consolidated variable interest entities

 

92,304

 

91,511

 

 

20.          Other comprehensive income/(loss)

 

The accumulated balances for each component of other comprehensive income/ (loss) are as follows:

 

December 31,

 

2011
$’000

 

2010
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax of $Nil and $Nil

 

(52,611

)

(20,034

)

Derivative financial instruments, net of tax of ($970) and $112

 

(6,440

)

(8,745

)

Pension liability, net of tax of $2,161 and $1,517

 

(13,238

)

(9,806

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(72,289

)

(38,585

)

 

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The components of comprehensive income/(loss) are as follows:

 

Year ended December 31,

 

2011
$’000

 

2010
$’000

 

2009
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net losses on common shares

 

(87,780

)

(62,759

)

(68,797

)

Foreign currency translation adjustments

 

(32,577

)

(1,916

)

22,733

 

Change in fair value of derivatives, net of tax of ($1,082), $112 and $Nil

 

2,305

 

2,530

 

(2,642

)

Change in pension liability, net of tax of $644, ($555) and $50

 

(3,432

)

615

 

305

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Comprehensive loss

 

(121,484

)

(61,530

)

(48,401

)

 

21.          Information concerning financial reporting for segments and operations in different geographical areas

 

OEH’s segment information has been prepared in accordance with accounting guidance.  OEH has three reporting segments, (i) hotels and restaurants, (ii) tourist trains and cruises, and (iii) real estate and property development, which are grouped into various geographical regions.  At December 31, 2011, hotels are located in the United States, Caribbean, Mexico, Europe, southern Africa, South America, Southeast Asia, Australia and South Pacific, a restaurant is located in New York, tourist trains operate in Europe, Southeast Asia and Peru, a river cruise ship operates in Myanmar and five canal boats in France, and real estate developments are located in the U.S., Caribbean and Southeast Asia.  Segment performance is evaluated based upon segment net earnings before interest expense, foreign currency, tax (including tax on earnings from unconsolidated companies), depreciation and amortization (“segment EBITDA”).  Segment information is presented in accordance with the accounting policies described in Note 1. The chief operating decision maker is the Chief Executive Officer.

 

Financial information regarding these business segments is as follows:

 

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Table of Contents

 

Year ended December 31,

 

2011
$’000

 

2010
$’000

 

2009
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Revenue:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hotels and restaurants

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Owned hotels - Europe

 

213,232

 

169,772

 

155,830

 

- North America

 

102,655

 

96,724

 

89,748

 

- Rest of World

 

166,903

 

148,778

 

116,182

 

Hotel management/part ownership interests

 

5,809

 

4,300

 

4,616

 

Restaurants

 

16,312

 

15,809

 

14,436

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

504,911

 

435,383

 

380,812

 

Tourist trains and cruises

 

75,777

 

61,740

 

58,084

 

Real estate

 

7,871

 

64,019

 

1,706

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

588,559

 

561,142

 

440,602

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Depreciation and amortization:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hotels and restaurants

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Owned hotels - Europe

 

18,858

 

18,457

 

15,649

 

- North America

 

10,084

 

10,632

 

10,672

 

- Rest of World

 

12,269

 

11,340

 

8,953

 

Restaurants

 

675

 

671

 

718

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

41,886

 

41,100

 

35,992

 

Tourist trains and cruises

 

4,079

 

3,610

 

3,030

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

45,965

 

44,710

 

39,022

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Segment EBITDA:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hotels and restaurants

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Owned hotels - Europe

 

60,264

 

37,388

 

38,595

 

- North America

 

13,552

 

14,986

 

14,491

 

- Rest of World

 

35,147

 

33,399

 

25,513

 

Hotel management/part ownership interests

 

5,261

 

2,228

 

2,995

 

Restaurants

 

(67

)

2,476

 

1,757

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

114,157

 

90,477

 

83,351

 

Tourist trains and cruises

 

20,948

 

17,407

 

20,571

 

Real estate

 

(6,403

)

(4,229

)

(2,511

)

Gain on disposal

 

16,544

 

 

1,385

 

Impairment of real estate assets, goodwill, other intangible assets, and property, plant and equipment

 

(59,120

)

(37,967

)

(6,500

)

Impairment of property, plant and equipment in unconsolidated company

 

(626

)

 

 

Central overheads

 

(37,095

)

(26,503

)

(25,870

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

48,405

 

39,185

 

70,426

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Segment EBITDA/net losses reconciliation:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Segment EBITDA

 

48,405

 

39,185

 

70,426

 

Less:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Depreciation and amortization

 

45,965

 

44,710

 

39,022

 

Interest expense, net

 

41,234

 

33,837

 

31,054

 

Foreign currency, net

 

4,229

 

(5,678

)

1,067

 

Provision for income taxes

 

20,167

 

24,658

 

13,732

 

Share of provision for income taxes of unconsolidated companies

 

2,270

 

2,228

 

4,510

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Losses from continuing operations

 

(65,460

)

(60,570

)

(18,959

)

 

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Table of Contents

 

Year ended December 31,

 

2011
$’000

 

2010
$’000

 

2009
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Earnings from unconsolidated companies, net of tax:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hotels and restaurants

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hotel management/part ownership interests

 

35

 

(2,026

)

(2,809

)

Tourist trains and cruises

 

4,322

 

4,284

 

6,992

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4,357

 

2,258

 

4,183

 

Capital expenditure:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hotels and restaurants

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Owned hotels - Europe

 

14,505

 

21,695

 

13,310

 

- North America

 

16,246

 

12,997

 

21,017

 

- Rest of World

 

21,411

 

18,720

 

24,599

 

Restaurants

 

2,637

 

257

 

342

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

54,799

 

53,669

 

59,268

 

Tourist trains and cruises

 

3,849

 

3,726

 

9,098

 

Real estate

 

1,962

 

1,963

 

2,964

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

60,610

 

59,358

 

71,344

 

 

December 31,

 

2011
$’000

 

2010
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Identifiable assets:

 

 

 

 

 

Hotels and restaurants

 

 

 

 

 

Owned hotels - Europe

 

724,547

 

763,654

 

- North America

 

516,144

 

569,199

 

- Rest of World

 

401,255

 

438,794

 

Hotel management/part ownership interests

 

75,781

 

70,844

 

Restaurants

 

31,352

 

31,081

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1,749,079

 

1,873,572

 

Tourist trains and cruises

 

104,401

 

104,881

 

Real estate

 

39,138

 

77,660

 

Discontinued operations held for sale

 

38,251

 

81,601

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1,930,869

 

2,137,714

 

 

Financial information regarding geographic areas based on the location of properties is as follows:

 

Year ended December 31,

 

2011
$’000

 

2010
$’000

 

2009
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Revenue:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Europe

 

280,372

 

225,179

 

211,677

 

North America

 

126,838

 

176,552

 

104,184

 

Rest of World

 

181,349

 

159,411

 

124,741

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

588,559

 

561,142

 

440,602

 

 

December 31,

 

2011
$’000

 

2010
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Long-lived assets at book value:

 

 

 

 

 

Europe

 

694,977

 

721,464

 

North America

 

495,927

 

531,778

 

Rest of World

 

409,940

 

424,381

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1,600,844

 

1,677,623

 

 

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Table of Contents

 

Long-lived assets at book value constitute the following:

 

December 31,

 

2011
$’000

 

2010
$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Property, plant and equipment

 

1,174,119

 

1,231,188

 

Property, plant and equipment of consolidated variable interest entities

 

185,788

 

188,502

 

Investments

 

60,012

 

60,428

 

Goodwill

 

161,460

 

177,498

 

Other intangible assets

 

19,465

 

20,007

 

 

 

1,600,844

 

1,677,623

 

 

22.          Related party transactions

 

OEH manages under long-term contract the tourist train owned by Eastern and Oriental Express Ltd., in which OEH is an equity method investor, and guarantees its $3,000,000 working capital facility.  This guarantee was in place before December 31, 2004.  The amount due to OEH from Eastern and Oriental Express Ltd. at December 31, 2011 was $2,581,000 (2010 - $1,126,000).

 

OEH manages under long-term contracts the Hotel Monasterio, Machu Picchu Sanctuary Lodge, Las Casitas del Colca and Hotel Rio Sagrado owned by its 50/50 joint venture with local Peruvian interests, as well as the 50/50 owned Peru Rail and Ferrocaril Transandino rail operations, and provides loans, guarantees and other credit accommodation to these joint ventures.  See Note 5.  In the year ended December 31, 2011, OEH earned management and guarantee fees of $7,644,000 (2010 - $5,303,000; 2009 - $6,610,000) which are recorded in revenue.  The amount due to OEH from its joint venture Peruvian operations at December 31, 2011 was $5,765,000 (2010 - $2,826,000).

 

OEH manages under a long-term contract the Hotel Ritz in Madrid, Spain, in which OEH holds a 50% interest and which is accounted for under the equity method.  For the year ended December 31, 2011, OEH earned $1,204,000 (2010 - $1,107,000; 2009 - $1,113,000) in management fees, which are recorded in revenue, and $560,000 (2010 - $372,000; 2009 - $Nil) in interest income.  The amount due to OEH from the Hotel Ritz at December 31, 2011 was $18,486,000 (2010 - $15,689,000).  See Note 5 regarding a partial guarantee of the hotel’s bank indebtedness.

 

23.       Adjustments to prior period amounts

 

Subsequent to the issuance of OEH’s consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2010, management determined that its non-current deferred income tax liabilities were understated by $5,972,000 due to a misstatement in computing the temporary difference between the tax and book value of its property, plant and equipment, resulting in a restatement of the following consolidated balance sheet accounts.  The figures in the “As restated” column include the impact of discontinued operations in 2011.

 

 

 

December 31, 2010

 

 

 

As previously reported

 

As restated

 

Adjustment

 

 

 

$’000

 

$’000

 

$’000

 

Deferred income tax liabilities

 

100,730

 

106,702

 

5,972

 

Retained earnings

 

140,015

 

134,043

 

(5,972

)

 

This prior period adjustment does not affect OEH’s net losses or losses per share for the year ended December 31, 2010.  The effect of correcting this misstatement has decreased retained earnings at January 1, 2010 and 2011 by $5,972,000, and has increased non-current deferred income tax liabilities by a corresponding amount at each date.  The restatement does not affect OEH’s net earnings/(losses) or cash flows in the year ended December 31, 2011 or the year ended December 31, 2010.

 

24.       Subsequent events

 

As reported in Note 2, OEH has completed the sale of Keswick Hotel, Virginia for $22,000,000 on January 23, 2012.

 

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Table of Contents

 

Summary of quarterly earnings (unaudited)

 

 

 

Quarter ended

 

 

 

December 31

 

September 30

 

June 30

 

March 31

 

2011

 

$’000

 

$’000

 

$’000

 

$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Revenue

 

134,585

 

180,388

 

173,433

 

100,153

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gross profit

 

72,348

 

95,852

 

93,072

 

49,757

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Earnings/(losses) from operations

 

(2,737

)

(15,647

)

23,073

 

(8,876

)

Net finance costs

 

(9,261

)

(17,719

)

(10,135

)

(8,348

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Earnings/(losses) before income taxes and earnings from unconsolidated companies

 

(11,998

)

(33,366

)

12,938

 

(17,224

)

(Provision for)/benefit from income taxes

 

(14,348

)

(1,205

)

(9,353

)

4,739

 

Earnings/(losses) from unconsolidated companies net of tax

 

1,132

 

2,229

 

1,528

 

(532

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net earnings/(losses) from continuing operations

 

(25,214

)

(32,342

)

5,113

 

(13,017

)

Net earnings/(losses) from discontinued operations

 

(2,856

)

(17,725

)

108

 

(1,663

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net earnings/(losses)

 

(28,070

)

(50,067

)

5,221

 

(14,680

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net (earnings)/losses attributable to non-controlling interests

 

(36

)

146

 

(67

)

(227

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net earnings/(losses) attributable to Orient-Express Hotels Ltd.

 

(28,106

)

(49,921

)

5,154

 

(14,907

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net earnings/(losses) per share:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic

 

(0.27

)

(0.49

)

0.05

 

(0.14

)

Diluted

 

(0.27

)

(0.49

)

0.05

 

(0.14

)

Dividends per share

 

 

 

 

 

 

110



Table of Contents

 

 

 

Quarter ended

 

 

 

December 31

 

September 30

 

June 30

 

March 31

 

2010

 

$’000

 

$’000

 

$’000

 

$’000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Revenue

 

130,609

 

176,566

 

163,624

 

90,343

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gross profit

 

62,717

 

78,744

 

74,060

 

43,089

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Earnings/(losses) from operations

 

(4,854

)

(10,336

)

15,223

 

(10,044

)

Net finance costs

 

(9,005

)

(4,828

)

(11,391

)

(2,935

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Earnings/(losses) before income taxes and earnings from unconsolidated companies

 

(13,859

)

(15,164

)

3,832

 

(12,979

)

Provision for income taxes

 

(8,691

)

(8,762

)

(6,061

)

(1,144

)

Earnings/(losses) from unconsolidated companies net of tax

 

(165

)

1,117

 

3,357

 

(2,051

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net earnings/(losses) from continuing operations

 

(22,715

)

(22,809

)

1,128

 

(16,174

)

Net earnings/(losses) from discontinued operations

 

(3,769

)

334

 

(1,910

)

3,335

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net losses

 

(26,484

)

(22,475

)

(782

)

(12,839

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net (earnings)/losses attributable to non-controlling interests

 

5

 

23

 

(38

)

(169

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net losses attributable to Orient-Express Hotels Ltd.

 

(26,479

)

(22,452

)

(820

)

(13,008

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

$

 

$

 

$

 

$

 

Net losses per share:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basic

 

(0.27

)

(0.25

)

(0.01

)

(0.15

)

Diluted

 

(0.27

)

(0.25

)

(0.01

)

(0.15

)

Dividends per share

 

 

 

 

 

 

ITEM 9.                             Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

 

None.

 

ITEM 9A.                    Controls and Procedure

 

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

 

The Company’s interim chief executive officer and chief financial officer have evaluated the effectiveness of OEH’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in SEC Rule 13a-15(e)) to ensure that the information included in periodic reports filed with the SEC is processed and reported within the appropriate time periods.  Based on that evaluation, and as discussed in more detail below, OEH management has concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures were ineffective as of December 31, 2011 due to a material weakness that OEH identified in its internal control over financial reporting, specifically related to the accounting for income taxes.

 

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Table of Contents

 

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

 

OEH management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in SEC Rule 13a-15(f)).  OEH’s internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.  Management assessed the effectiveness of OEH’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011.  In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control—Integrated Framework.  A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of OEH’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. During this assessment, management identified a material weakness in internal control over financial reporting.  As a result of the material weakness described below, management has concluded that OEH’s internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of December 31, 2011 based upon the COSO Framework.

 

OEH’s processes, procedures and controls related to accounting for income taxes did not operate effectively as of December 31, 2011 to ensure that amounts related to certain tax assets and liabilities and the current and deferred income tax expense were recorded in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Specifically, OEH did not maintain effective controls over the preparation and review of the calculations and related supporting documentation for the tax accounts noted above.  OEH management has concluded that these internal control deficiencies constitute a material weakness in internal control because there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements would not have been prevented or detected on a timely basis.

 

Remediation Plan for Material Weakness in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

 

Actions have been taken to improve internal controls over OEH’s accounting for income taxes, and OEH will take further steps to strengthen controls, including the following planned actions:

 

·                  enhance policies and procedures relating to tax account reconciliation, analysis and review,

 

·                  accelerate certain year end tax analysis and reporting activities to periods earlier in the year in order to provide additional analysis and reconciliation time,

 

·                  evaluate the need for additional resources in the preparation and review of the provision of income taxes,

 

·                  further specify and communicate to subsidiary finance and accounting personnel the requirements for tax jurisdiction specific information,

 

·                  further strengthen communication and information flows between the tax department and the financial reporting group, and

 

·                  enhance the training of tax accounting personnel with respect to the application of U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

 

OEH anticipates the actions described above and resulting improvements in controls will strengthen OEH’s internal control over financial reporting and will, over time, address the related material weakness identified as of December 31, 2011. However, because the remedial actions relate to the training of personnel and many of the controls in OEH’s system of internal controls rely extensively on manual review and approval, the successful operation of these controls, for at least several quarters, may be required prior to management being able to conclude that the material weakness has been remediated.

 

Deloitte LLP, OEH’s independent registered public accounting firm, issued the report below on the effectiveness of OEH’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

Board of Directors and Shareholders

Orient-Express Hotels Ltd.

Hamilton, Bermuda

 

We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Orient-Express Hotels Ltd. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2011, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.  The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting.  Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

 

112



 

Table of Contents

 

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).  Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.  Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances.  We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company’s principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the company’s board of directors, management, and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.  A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

 

Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.  Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

 

A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The following material weakness has been identified and included in management’s assessment:

 

·                                          The Company’s processes, procedures and controls related to accounting for income taxes did not operate effectively as of December 31, 2011, to ensure that amounts related to certain tax assets and liabilities and the current and deferred income tax expense were recorded in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Specifically, the Company did not maintain effective controls over the preparation and review of the calculations and related supporting documentation for the tax accounts.

 

This material weakness was considered in determining the nature, timing, and extent of audit tests applied in our audit of the consolidated financial statements and consolidated financial statement schedule as of and for the year ended December 31, 2011, of the Company, and this report does not affect our report on such consolidated financial statements and  consolidated financial statement schedule.

 

In our opinion, because of the effect of the material weakness identified above on the achievement of the objectives of the control criteria, the Company has not maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011, based on the criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

 

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated financial statements and consolidated financial statement schedule as of and for the year ended December 31, 2011 of the Company and our report dated February 29, 2012 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements and financial statement schedule.

 

/s/ Deloitte LLP

 

London, England

February 29, 2012

 

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

 

There have been no changes in OEH’s internal control over financial reporting during the fourth quarter of 2011 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, OEH’s internal control over financial reporting.  Subsequent to December 31, 2011, OEH began to implement its plan to remediate the material weakness noted above.

 

ITEM 9B.       Other Information

 

None.

 

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PART III

 

ITEM 10.       Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

 

Directors

 

At the June 9, 2011 annual general meeting of the Company, James B. Hurlock and James B. Sherwood retired from the board of directors of the Company and did not stand for re-election.  At that meeting, Harsha V. Agadi and Philip R. Mengel were elected to the board by shareholders for the first time.

 

Paul M. White, another director, resigned from the board and as the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer on July 8, 2011.  At that time, the board of directors appointed J. Robert Lovejoy, the Chairman and a non-executive director of the Company, as Interim Chief Executive Officer while the board conducts a search for a permanent chief executive officer of the Company.

 

The present directors of the Company are as follows:

 

Name, Age

 

Principal Occupation and Other Major Affiliations

 

Year First
Became 
Director

 

 

 

 

 

Harsha V. Agadi, 49

 

Executive Chairman of Quizno’s Global LLC (restaurants)

 

2011

John D. Campbell, 69

 

Senior Counsel (retired) of Appleby (attorneys)

 

1994

Mitchell C. Hochberg, 59

 

Managing Principal of Madden Real Estate Ventures LLC (real estate investment, development and advisory firm)

 

2009

Prudence M. Leith, 72

 

Freelance food consultant, television presenter and novelist

 

2006

J. Robert Lovejoy, 67

 

Chairman of the Board and Interim Chief Executive Officer of the Company

 

2000

Philip R. Mengel, 67

 

Operating Partner of Snow Phipps Group LLC (private equity investment firm)

 

2011

Georg R. Rafael, 74

 

Vice Chairman of the Board of the Company, and Managing Director of Rafael Group S.A.M. (hoteliers)

 

2002

 

The principal occupation of each director during at least the last five years is that shown in the table above supplemented by the following information.

 

Mr. Agadi became Executive Chairman of Quizno’s Global LLC in February 2012, a privately-owned group of about 3,400 mostly franchised sandwich restaurants in over 20 countries with a strong brand recognition.  Previously he was Chairman and Chief Executive of Friendly Ice Cream Corporation in 2010, a private company with over 400 restaurants principally in the eastern United States.  Friendly entered Chapter 11 reorganization proceedings in the United States in October 2011 and emerged in financially and operationally restructured form in January 2012.  In 2004 to 2009, Mr. Agadi was President and Chief Executive of Church’s Chicken Inc., another branded restaurant group with 1,700 locations in over 20 countries.  In 2000 to 2004, he was an Industrial Partner of Ripplewood Holdings LLC, a private equity investment firm, and before joining Ripplewood held executive positions in the 1990s with other branded restaurant groups including Little Caesar Enterprises and Domino’s Pizza.  Mr. Agadi is also a non-executive director of Crawford & Company, an international insurance services firm listed on the New York Stock Exchange, and was a non-executive director of Sbarro Inc., a privately owned restaurant company formerly subject to Chapter 11 reorganization proceedings completed in November 2011 when Mr. Agadi stepped down as a director.  He is on the Board of Visitors of the Fuqua Business School at Duke University.

 

Mr. Campbell was a member of the law firm Appleby until March 1999 (serving as Senior Partner 1987-1999) and retired as Senior Counsel in July 2003.  Mr. Campbell is currently the non-executive Chairman of the Board of HSBC Bank Bermuda Ltd., a subsidiary of HSBC Holdings PLC,  and intends to step down at the bank’s next annual general meeting in May 2012 after serving as a director for 25 years.  He is also a non-executive director and Chairman of the Nominations and Governance Committee of Argus Group Holdings Ltd., a public company listed on the Bermuda Stock Exchange engaged principally in the insurance business.

 

Mr. Hochberg has been the Managing Principal of Madden Real Estate Ventures since March 2007.  He was President and Chief Operating Officer of Ian Schrager Company, a developer and manager of innovative luxury hotels and residential projects in the United States, in 2006 and early 2007.  Mr. Hochberg founded, and for 20 years to December 2005, was the President and Chief Executive Officer of Spectrum Communities and its successor, developers of luxury home communities in the northeastern United States.  He is a lawyer and a certified public accountant.

 

Ms. Leith was the founder, owner and Managing Director of Leith’s Group which, from 1960 until its sale in 1995 to Accor, grew to encompass restaurants, a prestigious London-based chef school, contract catering, and event and party catering.  Past consulting activities have included Compass Group PLC, a large food service business with operations principally in the United Kingdom,

 

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Continental Europe and North America.  Ms. Leith has served at various times as a non-executive director on the boards of British Railways, Whitbread PLC, Halifax PLC, Safeway PLC, Woolworths Group PLC, Nations Healthcare Ltd. and Omega International Group PLC.  She has been honored with the award of a CBE by the British government for services to the catering industry.

 

Mr. Lovejoy was appointed Chairman of the Board in June 2011 and Interim Chief Executive Officer in July 2011.  In 2010, he was Senior Advisor, General Counsel and an officer of Coatue Management LLC, a long/short equity manager of about $3.5 billion of institutional assets.  During the four prior years, he was Managing Director of Groton Partners LLC, a private merchant banking firm.  In 2000-2005, he was Senior Managing Director of Ripplewood Holdings LLC, a private equity investment firm.  Prior to that position he was a Managing Director of Lazard Frères & Co. LLC, an investment banking firm, and a General Partner of Lazard’s predecessor partnership for over 15 years.  Mr. Lovejoy is a lawyer (formerly a partner in the Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP law firm), and also a non-executive director of One Liberty Properties Inc., a commercial and industrial real estate investment trust listed on the NYSE.

 

Mr. Mengel joined Snow Phipps Group LLC in 2007, a private equity firm with about $1.2 billion of assets under management. Before that position, he served as Chief Executive Officer and director of United States Can Corporation in 2005 and 2006 when the company was sold following successful financial performance improvement under his leadership.  Mr. Mengel served as Chief Executive Officer of English, Welsh and Scottish Railway Ltd. in 1999 to 2003, the principal rail freight operator in Britain following privatization by the British government, and as Group Chief Executive of Ibstock PLC in 1995 to 1999, a British-based building products supplier, prior to the sale of that company. Mr. Mengel has been a director since 1999 of The Economist Group Ltd., a privately owned company that publishes ‘‘The Economist’’ magazine and other current affairs periodicals.

 

Mr. Rafael was Managing Director of Rafael Hotels Ltd., a deluxe hotel owning and operating company that Mr. Rafael founded in 1986.  Rafael Hotels was sold to Mandarin Oriental Hotels in 2000 and included among others such iconic hotels as The Mark in New York, Turnberry Isle Resort & Club in Miami and the Hotel du Rhône in Geneva.  After the sale of the company,  Mr. Rafael served as Vice Chairman of the Executive Committee of Mandarin Oriental Hotels until early 2002 when he joined the Company’s board.  Before Rafael Hotels, he was Joint Managing Director of Regent International Hotels, a deluxe hotel group that Mr. Rafael established with partners in 1972.  While with Regent, Mr. Rafael was responsible for the acquisition, reconstruction and development of such famous hotels as The Mayfair Regent in New York and Chicago, The Dorchester in London, The Beverly Wilshire in Los Angeles, The Regent Washington, The Regent Hong Kong and,  in the Pacific, the Halekulani in Honolulu, The Regent Fiji and The Regent Sydney and many more worldwide. Mr. Rafael was appointed Vice Chairman of  the Board of the Company in March 2010.

 

Director Qualifications

 

When considering whether the directors have the experience, qualifications, attributes and skills, taken as a whole, to enable the Company’s board of directors to satisfy its oversight responsibilities effectively in light of OEH’s business and structure, the board of directors considered each person’s background and experience outlined above.

 

In particular, with regard to Mr. Agadi, the board of directors considered his experience as chief executive of various restaurant companies operating in many different countries.  OEH’s food and beverage function, of course, is an important part of its hospitality business.  As chief executive, Mr. Agadi developed expertise in sales, marketing, operations, finance, strategy and development.  Like OEH, these companies under Mr. Agadi’s guidance relied on strong marketing and brand awareness.

 

With regard to Mr. Campbell, the board of directors considered his work on other company boards and corporate governance experience, including his service as a director and Chairman of the Nominations and Governance Committee of another publicly traded company and as Chairman of the Board of HSBC Bank Bermuda Ltd., as well as his leadership, operational and legal experience, including his experience as a member of a global law firm.

 

With regard to Mr. Hochberg, the board of directors considered his real estate industry and operational experience, including his service as an executive officer of a developer and manager of innovative luxury hotels and residential projects in the United States and as an executive officer of developers of luxury home communities in the northeastern United States.  Also relevant was his background in accounting and law.

 

With regard to Ms. Leith, the board of directors considered her industry and operational experience in restaurants and catering, including in founding and managing restaurants, a chef school, a contract catering business, and event and party catering business and consulting for a large food service business, and the fact of her years of board and corporate governance experience as a director of other public companies.

 

With regard to Mr. Lovejoy, the board of directors considered his understanding of international business, finance and corporate strategy, including his extensive knowledge in complex financial matters, numerous and varied global industries, and international corporate strategy.  The board of directors also considered his leadership and board experience, including as an executive officer in the financial industry and as a director of a commercial and industrial real estate investment trust.

 

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With regard to Mr. Mengel, the board of directors considered his experience as a director and chief executive of large industrial and transport companies in the United States and abroad where he focused on improving operational and financial performance.  The board also appreciated his strong skills in financial analysis demonstrated throughout his career.

 

With regard to Mr. Rafael, the board of directors considered his hotel industry and operational experience, including his background founding deluxe hotel owning and operating companies, and his understanding of international business, general management and corporate strategy, including his service as Vice Chairman of the Executive Committee of a luxury hotel group.

 

Executive Officers

 

The present executive officers of the Company are as follows:

 

Name, Age

 

Position

 

 

 

J. Robert Lovejoy, 67

 

Chairman of the Board since June 2011 and Interim Chief Executive Officer since July 2011

Martin O’Grady, 48

 

Vice President—Finance and Chief Financial Officer since March 2008

Filip J.M. Boyen, 53

 

Vice President since September 2005 and Chief Operating Officer since September 2009

Richard M. Levine, 50

 

Vice President and Chief Legal Officer since February 2012

Roy A. Paul, 62

 

Vice President—Development and Chief Development Officer since February 2011

Maurizio Saccani, 61

 

Vice President—Italy since September 2007 and Chief of Product Development since December 2011

David C. Williams, 57

 

Vice President—Sales and Marketing since June 2004 and Chief Marketing Officer since June 2011

Raymond R.A. Blanc, 62

 

Vice President—Gastronomy since December 2010

Philip A. Calvert, 59

 

Vice President—Legal and Commercial Affairs since June 2010

Roger V. Collins, 65

 

Vice President—Design and Technical Services since June 2001

Sara L. Edwards, 47

 

Vice President—Human Resources since September 2011

Edwin S. Hetherington, 62

 

Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary since December 2006

Peter Massey-Cook, 47

 

Vice President—Compliance since January 2012

 

As noted above under “Directors”, Paul M. White resigned as a director and the President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company in July 2011, when Mr. Lovejoy, the non-executive Chairman of the Board, was appointed Interim Chief Executive Officer.  Mr. Lovejoy’s previous experience is described above regarding the Company’s directors.

 

At the end of 2011, Phillip A. Gesue resigned as Vice President—Real Estate, a position he held since September 2009, and continues as a consultant to OEH working principally on its Porto Cupecoy property development.

 

The principal occupation of the present Vice Presidents of the Company during at least the last five years is shown in the table above supplemented by the following information.

 

Prior to becoming an officer of the Company, Mr. O’Grady served as Chief Financial Officer of Orion Capital Managers LP, a European private equity real estate investment firm including hotels.  From 1999 until 2005, he worked for Security Capital European Realty, where he served as Chief Financial Officer of Access Self Storage, a retail self-storage operator in the United Kingdom, France and Australia.  From 1992 until 1998, Mr. O’Grady held a number of senior finance and accounting positions with Jardine Matheson Group, an Asian-based conglomerate, including Group Financial Controller of Mandarin Oriental Hotels from 1992 to 1995.  Mr. O’Grady began his career with PricewaterhouseCoopers and is an Associate Chartered Accountant in England and Wales.

 

Mr. Boyen held positions with Marco Polo Hotels, Sun International Hotels and Ramada Renaissance before he joined OEH in 1997.  Initially, he served as General Manager of Bora Bora Lagoon Resort until 1999, when he became Managing Director of OEH’s hotel and tourist train operations in Peru.  He was appointed Vice President—Hotels, Africa, Australia and South America of the Company in September 2005, and Vice President—Operations in September 2007.

 

In November 2008, Mr. Boyen settled an investigation into alleged insider dealing in shares of a mining company publicly traded in the United Kingdom brought by the Financial Services Authority, an independent non-governmental body that regulates the financial services industry in the United Kingdom (“FSA”).   In settling the matter, the FSA imposed a civil penalty of $152,000 on Mr. Boyen for engaging in market abuse for trading on behalf of himself and a third party on the basis of inside information in contravention of the U.K. Financial Services and Markets Act 2000.  Mr. Boyen fully cooperated with the FSA’s investigation.  None of the activities or information involved in the investigation related to OEH or the Company’s securities.

 

Mr. Levine joined OEH after eight years with Kerzner International Holdings Ltd., a global resort development and management business operating primarily under the One&Only and Atlantis brands, where he served as Executive Vice President and General Counsel working in business development and restructuring while leading the legal, regulatory and compliance department.

 

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Previously he worked in the private equity investment business as General Counsel at Hellman & Friedman LLC (1998-2003) and Credit Suisse First Boston (1996-1998).  Mr. Levine is a New York-licensed lawyer.

 

Mr. Paul was until 2007 a Senior Vice President of Four Seasons Hotels, a global luxury hotel operator. He led the development function for 20 years during which Four Seasons added 50 properties to its portfolio. More recently, Mr. Paul was Chairman and CEO of Icon Hospitality Advisors, a private consultancy which he formed in 2007 to advise on hotel and resort acquisitions and which he merged with Cedar Capital Partners in 2009, a hotel investment and asset management business where he continued as a partner.

 

Mr. Saccani joined Orient-Express Hotels Inc., an NYSE-listed predecessor of the Company, in 1978 as Food and Beverage Manager of the Hotel Cipriani.  After serving as Manager, Italy, of the Venice Simplon-Orient-Express, he became Managing Director of the Villa San Michele in 1985.  By 2007, he had assumed responsibility for all of the Company’s hotels in Italy, most recently the two acquired in Sicily in 2010.  While continuing to oversee the Italian properties, Mr. Saccani acts as the Company’s Chief of Product Development.

 

Mr. Williams joined Orient-Express Hotels Inc. in 1981 as Sales and Reservations Manager.  He became responsible for strategic marketing developments and business initiatives in the Americas, Europe and Asia.  He previously worked for Carlson Marketing Group.

 

Mr. Blanc is the chef-patron of Le Manoir aux Quat’Saisons which he founded in 1984 and whose restaurant has achieved two stars in the influential Michelin Guide for 27 years.  He began his career in the restaurant business in 1969 and opened the first of a series of restaurants in the U.K. in 1977.  Over the years, working with the chefs in his various restaurants, more than 25 of those chefs have subsequently achieved Michelin star status.  A prolific food writer, Mr. Blanc often appears on food-related television programs, and has been honored with the award of an OBE by the British government for services promoting culinary excellence and food ethics.  He began his association with the Company when it acquired Le Manoir in 2002.

 

Mr. Calvert joined OEH in October 2008 as Director of Legal Services.  He held a similar position with Sea Containers Ltd., formerly an NYSE-listed leasing and transport company and the former parent of the Company, having joined in 1983 and worked on many OEH matters while Sea Containers was a shareholder in the Company.  Mr. Calvert is an English barrister and a New York-licensed lawyer.

 

Mr. Collins, an engineer during his entire career, has worked in the hotel industry since 1979 with Grand Metropolitan Hotels, Courage Inns and Taverns, and Trusthouse Forte Hotels, having joined Orient-Express Hotels Inc. in 1991.

 

Ms. Edwards joined OEH in 2009 as Director of Human Resources, Worldwide from Liberty Retail PLC where she was Human Resources and Change Director.  Prior to that position, Ms. Edwards in 2005-2007 was Vice President, Human Resources with the Maybourne Hotel Group.  She held previous senior personnel roles 1994-2004 with the Savoy Group of hotels and InterContinental Hotels and Resorts.

 

Mr. Hetherington started with Orient-Express Hotels Inc. as Counsel and Secretary in 1980, and was appointed the Company’s Secretary in 1994.  He is a New York-licensed lawyer.  Until the end of 2006, he was also Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary of Sea Containers while it was listed on the NYSE.

 

Mr. Massey-Cook joined OEH in 2012 from the UBS AG investment bank where he served at Executive Director, Compliance for Europe, Middle East and Asia.  Previously in 1996-2009, he worked in various capacities at British Petroleum where he established and headed BP’s compliance program in Europe as Regional Director.  His commercial background has included export selling, strategic marketing and business development in the steel, chemicals and energy industries based at various times in Germany, Japan, Belgium and the U.K.

 

Corporate Governance

 

The board of directors of the Company has established corporate governance measures substantially in compliance with requirements of the NYSE.  These include a set of Corporate Governance Guidelines, Charters for each of the standing Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Nominating and Governance Committee of the full board, and a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics for Directors, Officers and Employees.  The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is filed as an exhibit to this report.  These documents are published on the Company’s website (www.orient-express.com).

 

Because the Company is a foreign private issuer as defined in SEC rules, it is not required to comply with all NYSE corporate governance requirements as they apply to U.S. domestic companies listed on the NYSE.  The Company’s corporate governance practices, however, do not differ in any significant way from those requirements, except that if the board of directors determines that a particular director has no material relationship with OEH and is otherwise independent, the board may waive any of the NYSE independence requirements. The Company’s corporate governance practices comply with applicable requirements of the SEC.

 

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The present members of the Company’s Audit Committee are Ms. Leith and Messrs. Campbell, Hochberg and Mengel (chairman).  The board has designated Mr. Hochberg, an independent director, as an audit committee financial expert as defined by SEC rules.  The present members of the Compensation Committee are Ms. Leith and Messrs. Agadi, Campbell (chairman) and Rafael.  The present members of the Nominating and Governance Committee are Ms. Leith (chairman) and Messrs. Campbell, Hochberg, Mengel and Rafael.  See Item 13—Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence below.

 

In addition, the board has appointed Messrs. Agadi, Hochberg (chairman), Lovejoy, Mengel and Rafael  as an Investment Committee to consider important finance and development matters in preparation of presentation of those matters to the full board for discussion, and has appointed Ms. Leith and Messrs. Hochberg (chairman), Lovejoy and Rafael as a Search Committee to search for a permanent replacement of Mr. White as the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer.

 

The non-executive directors of the Company meet regularly without management present.  Mr. Hurlock presided at these executive sessions of the board while he was Chairman, and Mr. Rafael now presides as Vice Chairman.

 

Interested persons may communicate directly with any of the Company’s directors by writing to him or her at the Company’s registered office address (Orient-Express Hotels Ltd., 22 Victoria Street, Hamilton HM 12, Bermuda).

 

Information responding to Item 405 of SEC Regulation S-K is omitted because the Company is a “foreign private issuer” as defined in SEC Rule 3b-4 under the 1934 Act.

 

ITEM 11.       Executive Compensation

 

Because the Company is a foreign private issuer, it is responding to this Item 11 as permitted by Item 402(a)(1) of SEC Regulation S-K under the 1934 Act.

 

The total cash salary and bonus paid in 2011 to all executive officers of the Company as a group (11 persons, including Phillip A. Gesue who resigned at the end of 2011) for services to OEH in all capacities amounted to $5,299,000.  This total and the other data about executive officers in this Item 11 exclude Richard M. Levine and Peter Massey-Cook who joined as officers in 2012, and exclude J. Robert Lovejoy in his capacity as Interim Chief Executive Officer to which he was appointed by the board of directors in July 2011 and for which he was paid total cash compensation of $433,100 in 2011.

 

The foregoing total amount and the data about executive officers in this Item 11 also exclude Paul M. White who resigned as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company on July 8, 2011.  During the first six months of the year, Mr. White was paid total cash salary and bonus of $549,500.  At the time of his resignation, he and OEH entered into a separation agreement containing customary terms and providing for payment of $1,008,000 as compensation for termination of his employment, less applicable taxes and certain amounts due from Mr. White, and $33,000 into his pension account.  These and other terms of Mr. White’s separation agreement are described in the Company’s Form 8-K Current Report dated July 11, 2011 incorporated herein by reference.

 

OEH has entered into agreements with certain of the Company’s executive officers entitling them to receive employment termination payments in certain circumstances constituting a change in control of the Company in an amount equal to two times each officer’s annual compensation.  The agreements of the U.S. tax-paying officers also require the Company to pay the excise tax on their severance payments imposed pursuant to section 4999 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code.

 

Retirement Plans

 

Executive officers who are United Kingdom citizens participated in a contributory defined benefit pension plan established by an OEH subsidiary for British employees.  The amount of contribution by the subsidiary to the plan in respect of a specific person cannot readily be separated or individually calculated.  Participants in the plan have been eligible to receive at their normal retirement date an annual pension based on the number of years of pensionable service and their final pensionable compensation.

 

In May 2006, the subsidiary froze its U.K. defined benefit pension plan, thus stopping future benefit accrual, so that the benefit payable to participants at their normal retirement date will be calculated using pensionable service and final pensionable salary at that date.  Thereafter, the OEH subsidiary established a defined contribution retirement plan for British employees, including U.K.-based officers, under which the subsidiary contributes to individual accounts established by employees.  The subsidiary currently contributes for the executive officer participants in this plan at the rate of up to ten percent of annual salary.

 

Under the U.K. defined benefit plan, currently estimated accrued annual benefits payable to the one participating executive officer of the Company amounted to approximately $77,400 at December 31, 2011, and under the U.K. defined contribution plan, the OEH subsidiary contributed on behalf of five participating executive officers a total of $185,000 during 2011.  See Note 13 to the Financial Statements regarding retirement plans .

 

Certain U.S. subsidiaries of OEH have adopted a 401(k) retirement plan that permits employees to contribute amounts out of their compensation into individual tax-deferred accounts.  The maximum contribution most employees could make was $16,500 in 2011.

 

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Three executive officers of the Company based in the U.S. participated in this plan in 2011, and OEH paid a total of $34,300 into their accounts as partial matching payments under the plan in addition to their own contributions.

 

Option Awards under 2000 and 2004 Stock Option Plans and 2009 Share Award and Incentive Plan

 

Options to purchase class A common shares of the Company at market value at the time of award have been granted to directors, executive officers and selected employees under the Company’s 2000 and 2004 Stock Option Plans and 2009 Share Award and Incentive Plan.  These plans are administered by the Compensation Committee of the board of directors.  The options awarded have substantially the same terms and, in general, become exercisable three years after the date of grant and expire ten years from date of grant.  In certain circumstances constituting a change in control of the Company, outstanding options become immediately exercisable, and optionees may thereafter surrender their options instead of exercising them and receive directly from the Company in cash the difference between the option exercise price and the value of the underlying shares determined according to the plans.

 

During 2011, options to purchase an aggregate of 713,400 class A shares were granted under the 2009 plan to executive officers of the Company at prices ranging from $8.06 to $11.69 per share, and no options were exercised by officers.  During 2011, no options were granted to the directors of the Company, and options on 1,008 class A shares were exercised by directors.

 

At December 31, 2011, options under the three plans to purchase an aggregate of 2,167,250 class A shares (of which 660,250 were exercisable by June 30, 2012) were held by directors and executive officers at per share exercise prices ranging from $5.89 to $59.23 and expiring between 2012 and 2021.  See Note 17 to the Financial Statements.

 

Following approval of the 2009 plan by shareholders at the June 5, 2009 annual general meeting of the Company, no further grants of stock options may be made under the 2000 and 2004 plans.

 

Share Awards under 2007 Performance Share Plan and 2009 Share Award and Incentive Plan

 

Like the 2009 Share Award and Incentive Plan, the Company’s 2007 Performance Share Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of the board of directors.  Directors, executive officers and selected employees have been awarded amounts of class A common shares of the Company under the 2007 and 2009 plans to be issued currently or on a deferred basis after the expiration of a vesting period.  The Compensation Committee may condition the vesting of deferred shares on achievement, in whole or in part, of specified performance criteria in the individual award such as earnings targets, total shareholder return goals or other criteria.  Shares may also be issued under the awards before the vesting period has expired if a change in control of the Company occurs or certain other early vesting events occur.

 

During 2011, awards were made under the 2009 plan with performance criteria based on total shareholder return and earnings before tax on up to 113,427 class A shares to executive officers, all vesting in 2014, and additional awards were made without performance criteria on 112,615 class A shares to executive officers, of which 68,715 vest in 2012 and 43,900 vest in 2014.  Also during 2011, 64,200 class A shares without performance criteria were awarded to the directors of the Company, of which 13,600 vested and were issued in December 2011 and 50,600 vest in 2014. Finally under prior years’ awards under the 2007 and 2009 plans, a total of 98,754 class A shares were issued to executive officers during 2011 plus an additional 15,000 class A shares in February 2012, and a total of 55,490 class A shares were issued to directors during 2011 (including the 13,600 shares issued in December 2011) plus an additional 51,645 class A shares in February 2012.

 

At December 31, 2011, awards on a total of up to 635,859 class A shares of the Company were outstanding to directors and executive officers under the 2007 and 2009 plans vesting in 2012 to 2014, including the shares vested and issued in February 2012.  See Note 17 to the Financial Statements.

 

In 2011, prior to Mr. White’s resignation as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, 28,577 class A shares were issued to him under previous years’ awards of deferred shares under the 2009 plan that vested during the first six months of the year.  In addition, as part of Mr. White’s July 2011 separation agreement with OEH referred to above, past deferred share awards under the 2009 plan covering 42,779 class A shares vested immediately and the shares were issued to him, and past deferred share awards under the 2009 plan covering 21,390 class A shares will vest in 2012.  All other past awards to Mr., White under the 2007 and 2009 plans and the 2000 and 2004 Stock Option Plans lapsed without compensation.

 

As noted above with respect to the 2000 and 2004 Stock Option Plans, following shareholder approval of the 2009 plan, no further share awards may be made under the 2007 plan.

 

Non-Executive Director Fees

 

In 2011, each of Ms. Leith and Messrs. Agadi, Campbell, Hochberg, Mengel, Rafael and Sherwood  was paid a cash retainer fee as a member of the Company’s board of directors at the annual rate of $50,000, payable in quarterly installments while each served as a director, and a cash attendance fee of between $1,500 and $5,500 for each meeting of the board or a committee thereof which he or

 

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she attended, depending on the location of the meeting and whether it was held by conference telephone call.  Prior to his appointment as Chairman of the Board in June 2011, Mr. Lovejoy also received these retainer and attendance fees.

 

In 2011, the members of the Audit Committee were each paid a cash retainer fee at the annual rate of $5,000, and the members of the Compensation Committee, Nominating and Governance Committee and Investment Committee were each paid a cash retainer fee at the annual rate of $2,500.  In addition, the chairman of the Audit Committee was paid a cash fee at the annual rate of $20,000, and the chairman of each of the other three committees was paid a cash fee at the annual rate of $7,500.  All of these fees were payable in quarterly installments while each director served on a committee or as chairman.  No retainer or chairman fee was paid to the Search Committee members, although they were paid per meeting attendance fees.  Mr. Lovejoy was paid committee retainer fees and an Audit Committee chairman fee until he was appointed Chairman of the Board.

 

As Chairman of the Board in 2011, Mr. Hurlock and subsequently Mr. Lovejoy were paid an all-inclusive cash amount at the annual rate of $500,000, payable in quarterly installments while each served as board Chairman, in lieu of annual retainer or per meeting attendance fees.  As Vice Chairman of the Board, Mr. Rafael was paid a cash amount of $100,000 in 2011 in addition to payment to him of the foregoing retainer and attendance fees.

 

Aggregate cash retainer, attendance and other director fees to Ms. Leith and Messrs. Agadi, Campbell, Hochberg, Hurlock, Lovejoy, Mengel, Rafael and Sherwood described above amounted to $1,405,200 in 2011.  Also, as noted above, Mr. Lovejoy was paid total cash compensation of $433,100 for serving as the Company’s Interim Chief Executive Officer.

 

In addition, as noted above, the directors participate in the Company’s 2000 and 2004 Stock Option Plans, 2007 Performance Share Plan and 2009 Share Award and Incentive Plan.  Included in the awards summarized above are awards in 2011 of deferred shares without performance criteria under the 2009 plan on a total of 64,200 class A shares to the directors.

 

See Item 13—Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence regarding an agreement between OEH and Mr. Sherwood relating to the Hotel Cipriani in Venice, Italy.

 

Mr. Lovejoy and his family may stay at OEH’s properties without charge, except for third-party provided services used during his visits.  The other directors and their families are entitled to 75% discounts off the usual room rates and food and beverage prices for their personal visits at OEH’s properties.

 

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

 

The Compensation Committee of the Company’s board of directors is composed of four non-executive directors, namely Ms. Leith and Messrs. Agadi, Campbell and Rafael.  No Compensation Committee member has served as an officer or employee of the Company in an executive capacity.  No executive officer of the Company serves on the board of directors or compensation committee of another company that has an executive officer serving on the Company’s board of directors or its Compensation Committee,

 

Information responding to Item 407(e)(5) of SEC Regulation S-K is omitted because the Company is a “foreign private issuer” as defined in SEC Rule 3b-4 under the 1934 Act.

 

ITEM 12.                          Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

 

Five Percent Shareholders

 

The following table contains information concerning the beneficial ownership of the Company’s class A common shares and class B common shares by the only persons known to the Company to own beneficially more than 5% of the outstanding shares of either class of common shares.

 

Orient-Express Holdings 1 Ltd. (“Holdings”) listed in the table below is a subsidiary of the Company, which owns only class B shares.  Under Bermuda law, the shares owned by Holdings are outstanding and may be voted.  In a strategic transaction involving OEH such as a takeover of the Company, this structure may assist in maximizing the value that the Company and its shareholders receive in the transaction.  See “Risks of Investing in Class A Common Shares” in Item 1A—Risk Factors regarding a judgment of the Bermuda Supreme Court in 2010 upholding this class B share ownership and voting structure.  Each class B share is convertible at any time into one class A share and, therefore, the shares listed as owned by Holdings represent class B shares and the class A shares into which those shares are convertible.

 

Voting and dispositive power with respect to the class B shares owned by Holdings is exercised by its board of directors, who are Ms. Leith, Mr. Campbell and two other persons who are not directors or officers of the Company.  Each of these persons may be deemed to share beneficial ownership of the class B shares owned by Holdings for which he or she serves as a director, as well as the class A shares into which those class B shares are convertible, but is not shown in the table below.

 

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Name and Address

 

No. of
Class A
and
Class B
Shares

 

Percent
of
Class A
Shares(1)

 

Percent
of
Class B
Shares

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Orient-Express Holdings 1 Ltd.
22 Victoria Street
Hamilton HM 12 Bermuda

 

18,044,478

 

14.9

%

100.0

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TIAA-CREF Investment Management LLC and

Teachers Advisors Inc. (2)
730 Third Avenue
New York, New York 10017

 

7,331,376

(9)

7.1

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Indian Hotels Co. Ltd. and

Samsara Properties Ltd. (3)
Mandlik House, Mandlik Road
Mumbai 400 001, India

 

7,130,764

(9)

6.9

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

T. Rowe Price Associates Inc. (4)
100 E. Pratt Street
Baltimore, Maryland 21202

 

6,628,493

(9)

6.5

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

AllianceBernstein LP (5)
1345 Avenue of the Americas
New York, New York 10105

 

6,527,174

(9)

6.4

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Reuben Brothers Ltd. and

Alexander Bushaev (6)
3 Mangrove Bay Road
Sandy’s Parish, Bermuda

 

6,379,465

(9)

6.2

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Dimensional Fund Advisors LP (7)
Palisades West, Building One
6300 Bee Cave Road
Austin, Texas 78746

 

5,713,220

(9)

5.6

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Lord, Abbett & Co. LLC (8)
90 Hudson Street
Jersey City, New Jersey 07302

 

5,264,382

(9)

5.1

%

 

 


(1)                                 The percentage of class A shares shown is based on 102,693,039 class A shares outstanding on February 17, 2012, plus the class A shares issuable upon conversion of the class B shares beneficially owned by that person, if any.

 

(2)                                 The information with respect to TIAA-CREF Investment Management LLC (“TIAA-CREF”) and Teachers Advisors Inc. (“Teachers”) relates only to class A shares and is derived from their joint Schedule 13G reports amended February 14, 2012 and filed with the SEC on that date.  The reports state that (a) TIAA-CREF and Teachers are registered investment advisers and are reporting their combined holdings for the purpose of administrative convenience, (b) TIAA-CREF acts as investment adviser to College Retirement Equities Fund, a registered investment company (“College”), and Teachers acts as investment adviser to other related investment companies, funds and accounts, (c) TIAA-CREF has sole voting and dispositive power with respect to 6,035,754 class A shares owned by College, and (d) Teachers has sole voting and dispositive power with respect to 1,295,622 class A shares owned by those other investment companies, funds and accounts.

 

(3)                                 The information with respect to The Indian Hotels Co. Ltd. (“Indian Hotels”) and its subsidiary Samsara Properties Ltd. relates only to class A shares and is derived from their joint Schedule 13D report as amended as of May 1, 2009 and filed with the SEC on that date.  The report states that these companies have shared voting and dispositive power with respect to 7,130,764 class A shares.

 

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(4)                                 The information with respect to T. Rowe Price Associates Inc. (“T. Rowe Price”) relates only to class A shares and is derived from its Schedule 13G report amended February 14, 2012 and filed with the SEC on February 8, 2012.  The report states that (a) T. Rowe Price is a registered investment adviser and (b) it has sole voting power with respect to 1,822,231 class A shares and sole dispositive power with respect to 6,628,493 class A shares.

 

(5)                             The information with respect to AllianceBernstein LP (“AllianceBernstein”) relates only to class A shares and is derived from its Schedule 13G report amended February 13, 2012 and filed with the SEC on that date.  The report states that (a) AllianceBernstein is a registered investment adviser, (b) class A shares are held on behalf of undisclosed client discretionary investment advisory accounts of AllianceBernstein, and (c) AllianceBernstein has sole voting power with respect to 5,664,001 class A shares, sole dispositive power with respect to 6,360,614 class A shares, and shared dispositive power with respect to 166,560 class A shares.

 

(6)                                 The information with respect to Reuben Brothers Ltd. (“Reuben Brothers”) and Alexander Bushaev (“Bushaev”) relates only to class A shares and is derived from their joint Schedule 13G report amended February 10, 2012 and filed with the SEC on February 14, 2012.  The report states that (a) Reuben Brothers is a corporation and Bushaev is an individual, (b) Bushaev manages the investments of Reuben Brothers under contract, and (c) Reuben Brothers and Bushaev have shared voting and dispositive power with respect to 6,379,465 class A shares.

 

(7)                                 The information with respect to Dimensional Fund Advisors LP (“Dimensional”) relates only to class A shares and is derived from its Schedule 13G report amended February 10, 2012 and filed with the SEC on February 14, 2012.  The report states that (a) Dimensional is a registered investment adviser, (b) Dimensional furnishes investment advice to four registered investment companies and serves an investment manager to certain other commingled group trusts and separate accounts, in certain cases with subsidiaries of Dimensional as sub-advisors, and (c) Dimensional has sole voting power with respect to 5,589,495 class A shares and sole dispositive power with respect to 5,713,220 class A shares.

 

(8)                                 The information with respect to Lord, Abbett & Co. LLC (“Lord Abbett”) relates only to class A shares and is derived from its Schedule 13G report dated February 14, 2012 and filed with the SEC on that date.  The report states that (a) Lord Abbett is a registered investment adviser and (b) it has sole voting power with respect to 4,606,332 class A shares and sole dispositive power with respect to 5,264,382 class A shares.

 

(9)                                 Class A shares only.

 

Directors and Executive Officers

 

The following table contains information concerning the beneficial ownership of class A common shares of the Company by each current director and executive officer of the Company and by all directors and executive officers of the Company as a group.  Each person has sole voting and dispositive power with respect to his or her shares, except Mr. Agadi shares voting and dispositive power with respect to all of his shares, Mr. Campbell shares voting and dispositive power with respect to 11,000 shares, and Mr. Lovejoy shares voting and dispositive power with respect to 4,100 shares.  Each individual’s holding is less than 1% of the class A shares outstanding.

 

The group total in the following table includes class A shares beneficially owned by directors and executive officers  as well as (a) 660,250 class A shares covered by stock options held by them becoming exercisable before June 30, 2012 under the Company’s 2000 and 2004 Stock Option Plans and 2009 Share Award and Incentive Plan and (b) awards covering 68,715 class A shares without performance criteria and up to 126,849 classs A shares with performance criteria held by officers vesting before June 30, 2012 under the 2009 plan and the Company’s 2007 Performance Share Plan.  The group total represents 1.3% of class A shares outstanding.

 

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As noted above, certain of the directors of the Company may be deemed to share beneficial ownership of the class B shares held by Holdings because they are also directors of that subsidiary, but those shares are not included in the following table.

 

Name

 

No. of
Class

A Shares

 

 

 

 

 

Harsha V. Agadi

 

35,000

 

Raymond R.A. Blanc

 

 

Filip J.M. Boyen

 

25,925

 

Philip A. Calvert

 

5,812

 

John D. Campbell

 

22,345

 

Roger V. Collins

 

19,871

 

Sara L. Edwards

 

 

Edwin S. Hetherington

 

20,565

 

Mitchell C. Hochberg

 

26,265

 

Prudence M. Leith

 

15,705

 

Richard M. Levine

 

 

J. Robert Lovejoy

 

20,445

 

Peter Massey-Cook

 

 

Philip R. Mengel

 

30,000

 

Martin O’Grady

 

24,108

 

Roy Paul

 

 

Georg R. Rafael

 

216,345

 

Maurizio Saccani

 

8,390

 

David C. Williams

 

26,738

 

All directors and executive officers as a group (19 persons) including 855,814 exercisable stock option shares and early vesting deferred shares

 

1,353,328

 

 

The foregoing table does not include stock options to purchase an aggregate of 1,507,000 class A shares becoming exercisable after June 30, 2012 held by directors and executive officers under the Company’s 2000 and 2004 Stock Option Plans and 2009 Share Award and Incentive Plan, and does not include currently unvested awards of deferred shares covering an aggregate of up to 373,650 class A shares vesting after June 30, 2012 held by directors and executive officers under the Company’s 2009 Share Award and Incentive Plan.

 

The board of directors of the Company has adopted guidelines concerning class A share ownership by non-executive directors.  The current guidelines are for each director to own beneficially class A shares in an amount equivalent to three times the annual cash retainer fee for board service (currently $50,000) within four years after initial election by shareholders and five times that amount within six years, with owned class A shares valued at the higher of cost or current market value.

 

Voting Control of the Company

 

The following table lists the voting power held by the known beneficial owners of more than 5% of the outstanding class A or class B common shares of the Company and all directors and executive officers as a group.  The directors of the Company who are deemed to be beneficial owners solely because they are directors of Holdings are not listed individually but are included in the group.

 

Name

 

No. of
Class A
Shares

 

No. of
Class B
Shares

 

Combined
Voting
Power

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Holdings

 

 

18,044,478

 

63.7

%

TIAA-CREF et al.

 

7,331,376

 

 

2.6

%

Indian Hotels et al.

 

7,130,764

 

 

2.5

%

T. Rowe Price

 

6,628,493

 

 

2.3

%

AllianceBernstein

 

6,527,174

 

 

2.3

%

Reuben Brothers et al.

 

6,379,465

 

 

2.3

%

Dimensional

 

5,713,220

 

 

2.0

%

Lord Abbett

 

5,264,382

 

 

1.9

%

All directors and executive officers as a group (19 persons) including 855,814 exercisable stock option shares and early vesting deferred shares

 

1,353,328

 

18,044,478

 

64.0

%

 

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In general the holders of class A and B common shares of the Company vote together as a single class on most matters submitted to general meetings of shareholders, with holders of class B shares having one vote per share and holders of class A shares having one-tenth of a vote per share.  Each class B share is convertible at any time into one class A share.  In all other material respects, the class A and B shares are identical and are treated as a single class of common shares.

 

Holdings and the Company’s directors and executive officers hold in total approximately 16% in number of the outstanding class A and class B shares having approximately 64% of the combined voting power of the outstanding common shares of the Company for most matters submitted to a vote of the Company’s shareholders.  Other shareholders, accordingly, hold approximately 84% in number of the outstanding common shares having about 36% of combined voting power in the Company.

 

Under Bermuda law, the class B shares owned by Holdings (representing approximately 64% of the combined voting power) are outstanding and may be voted by that subsidiary.  The investment by Holdings in class B shares and the manner in which Holdings votes those shares are determined by the board of directors of Holdings (two of whom are also directors of the Company) consistently with the exercise by those directors of their fiduciary duties to the subsidiary.  Holdings, therefore, has the ability to elect at least a majority of the members of the board of directors of the Company and to control the outcome of most matters submitted to a vote of the Company’s shareholders.

 

With respect to a number of strategic matters which would tend to change control of the Company, its memorandum of association and bye-laws contain provisions that could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire OEH without the consent of the Company’s board of directors.  These provisions include supermajority shareholder voting provisions for the removal of directors and for “business combination” transactions with beneficial owners of shares carrying 15% or more of the votes which may be cast at any general meeting of shareholders, and limitations on the voting rights of such 15% beneficial owners.  Also, the Company’s board of directors has the right under Bermuda law to issue preferred shares without shareholder approval, which could be done to dilute the share ownership of a potential hostile acquirer.  Also, the rights to purchase series A junior participating preferred shares, one of which is attached to each class A and class B common share of the Company, may have anti-takeover effects.  See Note 16(c) to the Financial Statements (Item 8 above).  Although OEH management believes these provisions provide the Company and its shareholders with the opportunity to receive appropriate value in a strategic transaction by requiring potential acquirers to negotiate with the Company’s board of directors, these provisions apply even if the potential transaction may be considered beneficial by many shareholders.

 

Information responding to Item 201(d) of SEC Regulation S-K is omitted because the Company is a “foreign private issuer” as defined in SEC Rule 3b-4 under the 1934 Act.

 

ITEM 13.                          Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

 

Related Party Transactions

 

James B. Sherwood, a former director of the Company, owns a private residential apartment in the Hotel Cipriani in Venice, Italy, a hotel owned by a subsidiary of the Company.  OEH has granted Mr. Sherwood a right of first refusal to purchase the hotel in the event OEH proposes to sell it.  The purchase price would be the offered sale price in the case of a cash sale or the fair market value of the hotel, as determined by an independent valuer, in the case of a non-cash sale.  Similarly, if Mr. Sherwood proposes to sell his apartment, he has granted OEH a right of first refusal to purchase it at fair market value or, at Mr. Sherwood’s option in the case of a proposed cash sale, the offered sale price.  In addition, the Company has granted an option to Mr. Sherwood to purchase the hotel at fair market value if a change in control of the Company occurs.  Mr. Sherwood may elect to pay 80% of the purchase price if he exercises his right of first refusal, or 100% of the purchase price if he exercises his purchase option, by a non-recourse promissory note secured by the hotel payable in ten equal annual instalments with interest at LIBOR.  These agreements relating to the Hotel Cipriani between Mr. Sherwood and OEH and its predecessor companies have been in place since 1983 and were last amended and restated in 2005.

 

See also Note 22 to the Financial Statements (Item 8 above) regarding related party transactions.

 

Director Independence

 

The seven members of the board of directors of the Company are identified in Item 10—Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.  Regarding the independence of directors from OEH and its management, the board has reviewed the materiality of any relationship that each of them has with OEH either directly or indirectly through another organization, including the fees and other compensation described under “Non-Executive Director Fees” in Item 11—Executive Compensation.  The criteria applied included the director independence requirements set forth in the Company’s Corporate Governance Guidelines, any managerial, familial, professional, commercial or affiliated relationship between a director and the Company, a subsidiary or another director and, with respect to the Company’s Audit Committee, the SEC’s independence rules.

 

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Table of Contents

 

Based on this review, the board has determined that Ms. Leith and Messrs. Agadi, Campbell, Hochberg, Mengel and Rafael are independent directors.  The board also determined that, prior to his appointment as Interim Chief Executive Officer of the Company, Mr. Lovejoy was an independent director.  The Company’s Corporate Governance Guidelines are filed as an exhibit to this report and are available at OEH’s website www.orient-express.com.

 

Mr. Hochberg’s real estate investment, development and advisory firm was paid consultancy fees prior to his initial election to the board of directors of the Company in June 2009 when the consulting engagement terminated. Because these fees were paid within the last three years, Mr. Hochberg does not meet the relevant director independence requirement of the NYSE. However, the board has waived compliance with the NYSE independence requirement in the case of Mr. Hochberg and determined Mr. Hochberg to be independent, as is permitted because the Company is a foreign private issuer and because the Company’s Corporate Governance Guidelines contemplate the possibility of such a waiver. In making the determination that Mr. Hochberg is an independent director, the board considered that since June 2009, neither Mr. Hochberg nor his firm has received any payment from the Company, other than customary fees paid to Mr. Hochberg as a director, that the consultancy work up to June 2009 was limited to one project (the New York hotel project) in which the Company ended its involvement in April 2011, and that Mr. Hochberg satisfies the director independence requirements of the SEC.

 

ITEM 14.       Principal Accounting Fees and Services

 

The following table presents the fees of Deloitte LLP, OEH’s independent registered public accounting firm, for audit and permitted non-audit services in 2011 and 2010:

 

 

 

2011

 

2010

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Audit fees

 

$

2,366,700

 

$

1,927,000

 

Audit-related fees

 

147,200

 

167,000

 

Tax fees

 

1,259,400

 

507,000

 

All other fees

 

 

 

Total

 

$

3,773,300

 

$

2,601,000

 

 

Audit services consist of work performed in connection with the audits of OEH’s financial statements and its internal control over financial reporting for each fiscal year and in the review of financial statements included in quarterly reports during the year, as well as work normally done by the independent auditor in connection with statutory and regulatory filings, such as statutory audits of non-U.S. subsidiaries, and consents and comfort letters for SEC registration statements.

 

Audit-related services consist of assurance and related services that are normally performed by the independent auditor and that are reasonably related to the audit or review of financial statements but are not reported under audit services, including due diligence reviews in potential transactions, specific procedures for lenders agreed in loan documents, and audits of benefit plans.

 

Tax services consist of all services performed by the independent auditor’s tax personnel, except those services specifically related to the audit or review of financial statements, and include fees in the areas of tax return preparation and compliance and tax planning and advice.

 

Other services consist of those services permitted to be provided by the independent auditor but not included in the other three categories.  There were no other services provided in 2011 and 2010.

 

The Audit Committee of the board of directors of the Company has established a policy to pre-approve all audit and permitted non-audit services provided by the independent auditor.  Prior to engagement of the auditor for the next year’s audit, management and the auditor submit to the Committee a description of the audit and permitted non-audit services expected to be provided during that year in each of four categories of services described above, together with a fee proposal for those services.  Prior to the engagement of the independent auditor, the Audit Committee considers with management and the auditor and approves (or revises) both the description of audit and permitted non-audit services proposed and the budget for those services.  If circumstances arise during the year when it becomes necessary to engage the independent auditor for additional services not contemplated in the original preapproval, the Audit Committee at its regularly scheduled meetings requires separate pre-approval before engaging the independent auditor.  To ensure prompt handling of unexpected matters, the Committee may delegate pre-approval authority to one or more of its members who report any pre-approval decisions to the Committee at its next scheduled meeting.  For 2011 and 2010, all of the audit and permitted non-audit services described above were pre-approved under the policy.

 

 

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Table of Contents

 

PART IV

 

ITEM 15.       Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

 

 

Page
Number

 

 

1. Financial Statements

 

 

 

Reports of independent registered public accounting firm

53 and 112

 

 

Consolidated financial statements - years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009:

 

Balance sheets (December 31, 2011 and 2010)

54

Statements of operations

56

Statements of cash flows

58

Statements of total equity

60

Notes to financial statements

61

 

 

2. Financial Statement Schedule

 

 

 

Schedule II — Valuation and qualifying accounts (years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009)

126

 

 

3. Exhibits

 

 

 

The index to exhibits appears below, on the pages immediately following the signature pages to this report.

 

 

ORIENT-EXPRESS HOTELS LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

Schedule II—Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

 

 

 

Column B

 

Column C - Additions

 

 

 

Column E

 

 

 

Balance

 

Charged

 

 

 

 

 

Balance

 

 

 

at

 

to

 

Charged to

 

 

 

at

 

 

 

beginning

 

costs and

 

other

 

Column D

 

end

 

Column A

 

of period

 

expenses

 

accounts

 

Deductions

 

of period

 

Description

 

$

 

$

 

$

 

$

 

$

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year ended December 31, 2011:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Allowance for doubtful accounts

 

474,000

 

231,000

 

(3,000

)(2)

(100,000

)(1)

602,000

 

Valuation allowance on deferred tax assets

 

28,201,000

 

4,009,000

 

18,536,000

 

 

50,746,000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year ended December 31, 2010:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Allowance for doubtful accounts

 

388,000

 

223,000

 

(6,000

)(2)

(131,000

)(1)

474,000

 

Valuation allowance on deferred tax assets

 

6,506,000

 

8,980,000

 

12,715,000

 

 

28,201,000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year ended December 31, 2009:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Allowance for doubtful accounts

 

637,000

 

204,000

 

(4,000

)(2)

(449,000

)(1)

388,000

 

Valuation allowance on deferred tax assets

 

3,371,000

 

 

3,135,000

 

 

6,506,000

 

 


(1)                                 Bad debts written off, net of recoveries.

(2)                                 Foreign currency translation adjustments.

 

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Table of Contents

 

SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 

Dated:  February 29, 2012

 

 

ORIENT-EXPRESS HOTELS LTD.

 

 

 

 

 

By:

/s/ Martin O’Grady

 

 

Martin O’Grady

 

 

Vice President—Finance and Chief Financial Officer

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the date indicated.

 

Dated:  February 29, 2012

 

Name

 

Title

 

 

 

 

 

 

/s/ Harsha V. Agadi

 

Director

Harsha V. Agadi

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

/s/ John D. Campbell

 

Director

John D. Campbell

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

/s/ Mitchell C. Hochberg

 

Director

Mitchell C. Hochberg

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

/s/ Prudence M. Leith

 

Director

Prudence M. Leith

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

/s/ J. Robert Lovejoy

 

Chairman, Interim Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer)

J. Robert Lovejoy

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

/s/ Philip R. Mengel

 

Director

Philip R. Mengel

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

/s/ Georg R. Rafael

 

Vice Chairman and Director

Georg R. Rafael

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Vice President—Finance and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

/s/ Martin O’Grady

 

Martin O’Grady

 

 

 

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EXHIBIT INDEX

 

Exhibit No.

 

Incorporated by Reference to

 

Description

 

 

 

 

 

3.1

 

Exhibit 3.2 to June 15, 2011 Form 8-K/A Current Report (File No. 1-16017)

 

Memorandum of Association and Certificate of Incorporation of Orient-Express Hotels Ltd.

3.2

 

Exhibit 3.2 to June 15, 2007 Form 8-K Current Report (File No. 1-16017)

 

Bye-Laws of Orient-Express Hotels Ltd.

3.3

 

Exhibit 1 to April 23, 2007 Amendment No. 1 to Form 8-A Registration Statement (File No. 1-16017)

 

Rights Agreement dated June 1, 2000, and amended and restated April 12, 2007, between Orient-Express Hotels Ltd. and Computershare Trust Company N.A., as Rights Agent

3.4

 

Exhibit 4.2 to December 10, 2007 Form 8-K Current Report (File No. 1-16017)

 

Amendment No. 1 dated December 10, 2007 to Amended and Restated Rights Agreement (Exhibit 3.3)

3.5

 

Exhibit 4.3 to May 27, 2010 Form 8-K Current Report (File 1-16017)

 

Amendment No. 2 dated May 27, 2010 to Amended and Restated Rights Agreement (Exhibit 3.3)

4.1

 

Exhibit 1.1 to November 3, 2010 Form 8-K Current Report (File No. 1-16017)

 

Secured Facility Agreement dated October 28, 2010 for Orient-Express Hotels Ltd. and certain subsidiaries arranged by Barclays Bank PLC and other banks

 

OEH has no instrument with respect to long-term debt not listed above under which the total amount of securities authorized exceeds 10% of the total assets of OEH on a consolidated basis.  The Company agrees to furnish to the SEC upon request a copy of each instrument with respect to long-term debt not filed as an exhibit to this report.

 

10.1

 

Exhibit 10.1 to 2008 Form 10-K Annual Report (File No. 1-16017)

 

Orient-Express Hotels Ltd. 2000 Stock Option Plan

10.2

 

Exhibit 10.2 to 2008 Form 10-K Annual Report (File No. 1-16017)

 

Orient-Express Hotels Ltd. 2004 Stock Option Plan

10.3

 

Exhibit 10.3 to 2008 Form 10-K Annual Report (File No. 1-16017)

 

Orient-Express Hotels Ltd. 2007 Performance Share Plan

10.4

 

Exhibit 10.4 to 2009 Form 10-K Annual Report (File 1-16017)

 

Orient-Express Hotels Ltd. 2007 Stock Appreciation Rights Plan

10.5

 

Exhibit 10.1 to June 4, 2010 Form 8-K Current Report (File No. 1-16017)

 

Orient-Express Hotels Ltd. 2009 Share Award and Incentive Plan

 

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Table of Contents

 

Exhibit
No.

 

Incorporated by Reference to

 

Description

 

 

 

 

 

10.6

 

Exhibit 10.3 to 2004 Form 10-K Annual Report (File No. 1-16017)

 

Amended and Restated Agreement Regarding Hotel Cipriani Interests dated February 8, 2005 between James B. Sherwood, Hotel Cipriani S.r.l. and Orient-Express Hotels Ltd.

10.7

 

Exhibit 10.4 to 2004 Form 10-K Annual Report (File No. 1-16017)

 

Amended and Restated Right of First Refusal and Option Agreement Regarding Indirectly Held Hotel Cipriani Interests dated February 8, 2005 between James B. Sherwood and Orient-Express Hotels Ltd.

10.8

 

Exhibit 10.11 to 2006 Form 10-K Annual Report (File No. 1-16017)

 

Form of Severance Agreement between Orient-Express Hotels Ltd. and each of Filip Boyen (dated December 1, 2006), Roger Collins (dated December 1, 2006), Martin O’Grady (dated November 15, 2007), Philip Calvert (dated December 5, 2008) and Roy Paul (dated February 1, 2011)

10.9

 

Exhibit 10.12 to 2006 Form 10-K Annual Report (File No. 1-16017)

 

Form of Severance Agreement between Orient-Express Hotels Ltd. and each of Edwin Hetherington (dated December 1, 2006), David Williams (dated December 1, 2006) and Richard Levine (dated February 21, 2012)

10.10

 

 

 

Form of Indemnity Agreement between Orient-Express Hotels Ltd. and each of its non-executive directors (John Campbell, Mitchell Hochberg, Prudence Leith, Robert Lovejoy and Georg Rafael dated October 30, 2009, and Harsha Agadi and Philip Mengel dated June 9, 2011)

11

 

 

 

Statement of computation of per share earnings

12

 

 

 

Statement of computation of ratios

14

 

 

 

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics for Directors, Officers and Employees of Orient-Express Hotels Ltd.

21

 

 

 

Subsidiaries of Orient-Express Hotels Ltd.

23

 

 

 

Consent of Deloitte LLP relating to Form S-3 Registration Statement No. 333-165092 and Form S-8 Registration Statements No. 333-58298, No. 333-129152, No. 333-147448, No. 333-161459 and No. 333-168588

31

 

 

 

Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certifications

32

 

 

 

Section 1350 Certification

99.1

 

 

 

Corporate Governance Guidelines of Orient-Express Hotels Ltd.

99.2

 

Exhibit 99.1 to June 1, 2010 Form 8-K Current Report (File No. 1-16017)

 

Judgment of Bermuda Supreme Court dated June 1, 2010 in D.E. Shaw Oculus Portfolios LLC et al. vs. Orient-Express Hotels Ltd. et al.

101

 

 

 

Interactive data file

 

129