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Derivative Instruments
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2023
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]  
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Text Block]
Note 9. Derivative Instruments

Financial derivatives are reported at fair value in other assets or other liabilities. The accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative depends on whether it has been designated and qualifies as part of a hedging relationship and classification as either a cash flow hedge or fair value hedge for those derivatives which are designated as part of a hedging relationship.

Pinnacle Financial's derivative instruments with certain counterparties contain legally enforceable netting that allow multiple transactions to be settled into a single amount. The fair value hedge and interest rate swaps (swaps) assets and liabilities are presented at gross fair value before the application of bilateral collateral and master netting agreements, but after the initial margin posting and daily variation margin payments made with central clearinghouse organizations. Total fair value hedge and swaps assets and liabilities are adjusted to take into consideration the effects of legally enforceable master netting agreements and cash collateral received or paid as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The resulting net fair value hedge and swaps asset and liability fair values are included in other assets and other liabilities, respectively, on the consolidated balance sheets. The daily settlement of the derivative exposure does not change or reset the contractual terms of the instrument.

Non-hedge derivatives

For derivatives not designated as hedges, the gain or loss is recognized in current period earnings. Pinnacle Financial enters into interest rate swaps (swaps) to facilitate customer transactions and meet their financing needs. Upon entering into these instruments to meet customer needs, Pinnacle Financial enters into offsetting positions in order to minimize the risk to Pinnacle Financial. These swaps qualify as derivatives, but are not designated as hedging instruments. The income statement impact of the offsetting positions is limited to changes in the reserve for counterparty credit risk. A summary of Pinnacle Financial's interest rate swaps to facilitate customers' transactions as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 is included in the following table (in thousands):

 September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
 Notional
Amount
Estimated Fair Value (1)
Notional
Amount
Estimated Fair Value (1)
Interest rate swap agreements:    
Assets$1,886,702 $117,072 $1,620,520 $39,763 
Liabilities1,886,702 (118,367)1,620,520 (96,483)
Total$3,773,404 $(1,295)$3,241,040 $(56,720)

(1) The variation margin payments for derivatives cleared through central clearing houses are characterized as settlements. At September 30, 2023, there were no interest rate swap agreements designated as non-hedge derivatives cleared through clearing houses. At December 31, 2022, the notional amount of interest rate swap agreements designated as non-hedge derivatives cleared through clearing houses was $827.3 million with a fair value that approximates zero due to $56.3 million in received variation margin payments.

The effects of Pinnacle Financial's interest rate swaps to facilitate customers' transactions on the income statement during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in thousands):
Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income
Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in IncomeThree Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2023202220232022
Interest rate swap agreementsOther noninterest income$(265)$(207)$(847)$34 
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges

For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as a cash flow hedge, the aggregate fair value of the derivative instrument is recorded in other assets or other liabilities with any gain or loss related to changes in fair value recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax. The gain or loss is reclassified into earnings in the same period during which the hedged asset or liability affects earnings and is presented in the same income statement line item as the earnings effect of the hedged asset or liability. Pinnacle Financial uses forward cash flow hedge relationships in an effort to manage future interest rate exposure. A summary of the cash flow hedge relationships as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 is as follows (in thousands):

September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Balance Sheet LocationWeighted Average Remaining Maturity (In Years)Receive RatePay RateNotional AmountEstimated Fair ValueNotional AmountEstimated Fair Value
Asset derivatives
Interest rate floor - loansOther assets4.094.00%-4.50% minus USD-Term SOFR 1MN/A$875,000 $25,225 $875,000 $48,622 
Interest rate collars - loansOther assets4.094.25%-4.75% minus USD-Term SOFR 1MUSD-Term SOFR 1M minus 6.75%-7.00%875,000 23,745 875,000 45,553 
$1,750,000 $48,970 $1,750,000 $94,175 

The effects of Pinnacle Financial's cash flow hedge relationships on the statement of comprehensive income (loss) during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were as follows, net of tax (in thousands):
Amount of Loss Recognized
in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
Asset derivatives2023202220232022
Interest rate floors and collars - loans$(17,403)$— $(28,764)$— 

The cash flow hedges were determined to be highly effective during the periods presented and as a result qualify for hedge accounting treatment. If a hedge was deemed to be ineffective, the amount included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) would be reclassified into a line item within the statement of income that impacts operating results. The hedge would no longer be considered effective if a portion of the hedge becomes ineffective, the item hedged is no longer in existence or Pinnacle Financial discontinues hedge accounting. Gains on cash flow hedges totaling $2.5 million and $7.2 million, net of tax, were reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into net income during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $2.5 million and $7.5 million, net of tax, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. Approximately $9.8 million in unrealized gains, net of tax, are expected to be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into net income over the next twelve months related to previously terminated cash flow hedges.

Derivatives designated as fair value hedges

For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as a fair value hedge, the gain or loss on the derivative instrument as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged asset or liability attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in current earnings. The gain or loss on the derivative instrument is presented on the same income statement line item as the earnings effect of the hedged item. Pinnacle Financial utilizes interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges to mitigate the effect of changing interest rates on the fair values of fixed rate callable available-for-sale securities. The hedging strategy converts the fixed interest rates to variable interest rates based on federal funds rates or SOFR. These derivatives are designated as partial term hedges of selected cash flows covering specified periods of time prior to the call dates of the hedged securities. In March 2023, Pinnacle Financial entered into fair value hedges with aggregate notional amounts of $425.0 million to mitigate the effect of changing interest rates on FHLB Cincinnati (FHLB) advances with payments beginning in the first quarter of 2024. In May 2023, Pinnacle Financial entered into additional fair value hedges with aggregate notional amounts of $425.0 million to mitigate the effect of changing interest rates on FHLB advances with payments beginning in the fourth quarter of 2024 and first quarter of 2025.
A summary of Pinnacle Financial's fair value hedge relationships as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 is as follows (in thousands):
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Balance Sheet LocationWeighted Average Remaining Maturity (In Years)Weighted Average Pay RateReceive RateNotional Amount
Estimated Fair Value (1)
Notional Amount
Estimated Fair Value (1)
Asset derivatives
Interest rate swaps - securitiesOther assets10.782.75%Federal Funds/ SOFR$2,012,139 $73,550 $1,420,724 $56,056 
Liability derivatives
Interest rate swaps - borrowingsOther liabilities4.32N/A—%$850,000 $(12,338)$— $— 
$2,862,139 $61,212 $1,420,724 $56,056 

(1) The variation margin payments for derivatives cleared through central clearing houses are characterized as settlements. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the notional amount of fair value derivatives cleared through central clearing houses was $1.9 billion and $877.7 million with a fair value that approximates zero due to $80.6 million and $47.9 million in received variation margin.

Notional amounts of $392.2 million as of September 30, 2023 receive a variable rate of interest based on the daily compounded federal funds rate and notional amounts totaling $1.6 billion as of September 30, 2023 receive a variable rate of interest based on the daily compounded SOFR. Notional amounts receiving a variable rate of interest based on three month LIBOR transitioned to three month SOFR plus a comparable tenor spread adjustment on future rate adjustment dates occurring after June 30, 2023.

The effects of Pinnacle Financial's securities fair value hedge relationships on the income statement during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in thousands):
Location of Gain (Loss)Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
Securities2023202220232022
Interest rate swaps - securitiesInterest income on securities$15,669 $67,917 $17,494 $132,100 
Securities available-for-saleInterest income on securities$(15,669)$(67,917)$(17,494)$(132,100)
FHLB advances
Interest rate swaps - FHLB advancesInterest expense on FHLB advances and other borrowings$1,559 $— $(12,338)$— 
FHLB advancesInterest expense on FHLB advances and other borrowings$(1,559)$— $12,338 $— 

The following amounts were recorded on the balance sheet related to cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):
Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets/LiabilitiesCumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets/Liabilities
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Line item on the balance sheet
Securities available-for-sale$1,957,510 $1,445,511 $(73,550)$(56,056)
Federal Home Loan Bank advances$837,662 $— $(12,338)$— 

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 amortization expense totaling $141,000 and $519,000, respectively, compared to $408,000 and $1.6 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, related to previously terminated fair value hedges was recognized as a reduction to interest income on loans.
In April 2022, interest rates swaps designated as fair value hedges with notional amounts totaling $164.3 million and market values totaling $14.3 million were terminated. Approximately $986,000 in gains were recognized at the time of termination and the remaining $10.4 million at September 30, 2023 will be accreted as additional interest income on the previously hedged available-for-sale mortgage backed and municipal securities over the same period as existing purchase discounts or premiums on these securities. In September 2023, Pinnacle Financial terminated interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges with notional amounts totaling $33.6 million and recognized gains of $1.5 million at the time of termination.