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Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Receivables [Abstract]  
Summary of Amount of Each Loan Classification, Categorized into Each Risk Rating Class
The following table outlines the amount of each loan classification categorized into each risk rating category as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):
December 31, 2019Commercial real estate - mortgageConsumer real estate - mortgageConstruction and land developmentCommercial and industrialConsumer
and other		Total
Pass$7,499,725  $3,019,203  $2,422,347  $6,069,757  $288,361  $19,299,393  
Special Mention51,147  13,787  2,816  79,819  698  148,267  
Substandard139,518  10,969  3,042  125,035  47  278,611  
Substandard-nonaccrual
18,828  24,666  2,278  15,685  148  61,605  
Doubtful-nonaccrual—  —  —  —  —  —  
Total loans$7,709,218  $3,068,625  $2,430,483  $6,290,296  $289,254  $19,787,876  

December 31, 2018Commercial real estate - mortgageConsumer real estate - mortgageConstruction and land developmentCommercial and industrialConsumer
and other		Total
Pass$6,998,485  $2,787,570  $2,059,376  $5,148,726  $352,516  $17,346,673  
Special Mention55,932  7,902  4,334  24,284  711  93,163  
Substandard78,202  20,906  5,358  75,351  62  179,879  
Substandard-nonaccrual
32,335  28,069  3,387  23,060  983  87,834  
Doubtful-nonaccrual—  —  —  —  —  —  
Total loans$7,164,954  $2,844,447  $2,072,455  $5,271,421  $354,272  $17,707,549  
Purchase Credit Impaired Loans
The following table provides a rollforward of purchased credit impaired loans from December 31, 2017 through December 31, 2019 (in thousands):
 Gross Carrying ValueAccretable YieldNonaccretable YieldCarrying Value
December 31, 2017$74,324  $(132) $(31,537) $42,655  
Acquisitions—  —  —  —  
Settlements, net(31,487) 18  14,143  (17,326) 
December 31, 201842,837  (114) (17,394) 25,329  
Acquisitions1,883  —  —  1,883  
Reclassification of yield from nonaccretable to accretable—  (7,505) 7,505  —  
Settlements, net(15,176) 2,818  6,061  (6,297) 
December 31, 2019$29,544  $(4,801) $(3,828) $20,915  
Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses - Purchase Credit Impaired
Purchased credit impaired loans acquired during the three years ended December 31, 2019 for which it was probable at acquisition that all contractually required payments would not be collected are as follows (in thousands):
December 31,
201920182017
Contractually required payments receivable$4,420  $—  $94,312  
Cash flows expected to be collected at acquisition1,883  —  48,498  
Fair value of acquired loans at acquisition1,883  —  48,302  
Summary of Recorded Investment, Unpaid Principal Balance and Related Allowance and Average Recorded Investment of Impaired Loans
Impaired loans, as disclosed in the table below, include troubled debt restructurings, nonaccrual loans, and loans deemed to be impaired but that continue to accrue interest. The following tables detail the recorded investment, unpaid principal balance and related allowance of Pinnacle Financial's impaired loans at December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 by loan classification (in thousands):

 December 31, 2019For the year ended December 31, 2019
 Recorded investmentUnpaid principal balanceRelated allowance Average recorded investmentCash basis
interest income recognized
Impaired loans with an allowance:     
Commercial real estate – mortgage$9,998  $10,983  $1,235  $13,750  $—  
Consumer real estate – mortgage20,996  23,105  1,293  20,909  —  
Construction and land development542  654  33  578  —  
Commercial and industrial4,074  5,381  711  8,871  —  
Consumer and other148  182  9  350  —  
Total$35,758  $40,305  $3,281  $44,458  $—  
Impaired loans without an allowance:     
Commercial real estate – mortgage$8,124  $8,891  $—  $11,642  $176  
Consumer real estate – mortgage4,022  4,021  —  7,509  —  
Construction and land development19  17  —  365  —  
Commercial and industrial10,221  11,322  —  12,945  —  
Consumer and other—  —  —  —  —  
Total$22,386  $24,251  $—  $32,461  $176  
Total impaired loans$58,144  $64,556  $3,281  $76,919  $176  
 December 31, 2018For the year ended December 31, 2018
 Recorded investmentUnpaid principal balanceRelated allowance Average recorded investmentCash basis
interest income recognized
Impaired loans with an allowance:     
Commercial real estate – mortgage$14,114  $14,124  $724  $10,260  $—  
Consumer real estate – mortgage19,864  19,991  1,443  13,154  —  
Construction and land development581  579  28  1,157  —  
Commercial and industrial9,252  9,215  1,441  9,326  —  
Consumer and other983  1,005  328  718  —  
Total$44,794  $44,914  $3,964  $34,615  $—  
Impaired loans without an allowance:     
Commercial real estate – mortgage$14,724  $14,739  $—  $17,906  $469  
Consumer real estate – mortgage7,247  7,271  —  5,477  —  
Construction and land development1,786  1,786  —  1,463  —  
Commercial and industrial14,595  14,627  —  15,796  —  
Consumer and other—  —  —  —  —  
Total$38,352  $38,423  $—  $40,642  $469  
Total impaired loans$83,146  $83,337  $3,964  $75,257  $469  

 December 31, 2017For the year ended December 31, 2017
 Recorded investmentUnpaid principal balanceRelated allowance Average recorded investmentCash basis
interest income recognized
Impaired loans with an allowance:     
Commercial real estate – mortgage$1,850  $1,863  $95  $650  $—  
Consumer real estate – mortgage8,028  8,079  410  4,990  —  
Construction and land development2,522  2,528  66  567  —  
Commercial and industrial12,521  12,644  1,627  10,559  —  
Consumer and other—  —  —  425  —  
Total$24,921  $25,114  $2,198  $17,191  $—  
Impaired loans without an allowance:     
Commercial real estate – mortgage$16,364  $16,514  $—  $6,983  $—  
Consumer real estate – mortgage4,144  4,174  —  5,727  —  
Construction and land development2,645  2,650  —  1,890  95  
Commercial and industrial10,905  10,902  —  9,039  —  
Consumer and other—  —  —  —  —  
Total$34,058  $34,240  $—  $23,639  $95  
Total impaired loans$58,979  $59,354  $2,198  $40,830  $95  
Amount of Troubled Debt Restructuring Categorized by Loan Classification
The following table outlines the amount of each troubled debt restructuring by loan classification made during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 (dollars in thousands):
Number
of contracts		Pre Modification Outstanding Recorded InvestmentPost Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment, net of related allowance
December 31, 2019
Commercial real estate – mortgage1  $306  $287  
Consumer real estate – mortgage1  683  683  
Construction and land development1  19  19  
Commercial and industrial1  1,318  777  
Consumer and other—  —  —  
 4  $2,326  $1,766  
December 31, 2018 
Commercial real estate – mortgage—  $—  $—  
Consumer real estate – mortgage3  1,967  1,967  
Construction and land development1  347  347  
Commercial and industrial—  —  —  
Consumer and other—  —  —  
 4  $2,314  $2,314  
December 31, 2017 
Commercial real estate – mortgage—  $—  $—  
Consumer real estate – mortgage1  6  5  
Construction and land development—  —  —  
Commercial and industrial2  3,776  3,751  
Consumer and other—  —  —  
 3  $3,782  $3,756  

During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, Pinnacle Financial had no troubled debt restructurings that subsequently defaulted within twelve months of the restructuring. A default is defined as an occurrence which violates the terms of the receivable's contract.
Summary of Loan Portfolio Credit Risk Exposure
In addition to the loan metrics above, Pinnacle Financial analyzes its commercial loan portfolio to determine if a concentration of credit risk exists to any industries.  Pinnacle Financial utilizes broadly accepted industry classification systems in order to classify borrowers into various industry classifications.  Pinnacle Financial has a credit exposure (loans outstanding plus unfunded lines of credit) exceeding 25% of Pinnacle Bank's total risk-based capital to borrowers in the following industries at December 31, 2019 with the comparative exposures for December 31, 2018 (in thousands):
 At December 31, 2019
 Outstanding Principal BalancesUnfunded CommitmentsTotal exposureTotal Exposure at December 31, 2018
Lessors of nonresidential buildings$3,681,897  $896,219  $4,578,116  $3,932,059  
Lessors of residential buildings951,295  648,542  1,599,837  1,484,697  
New housing for-sale builders530,345  560,258  1,090,603  1,100,989  
Hotels and motels805,957  161,814  967,771  920,001  
Total$5,969,494  $2,266,833  $8,236,327  $7,437,746  
Past Due Balances by Loan Classification
The table below presents past due balances at December 31, 2019 and 2018, by loan classification and segment allocated between performing and nonperforming status (in thousands):
AccruingNonaccruing
December 31, 201930-89 days past due and accruing90 days or more past due and accruingTotal past due and accruingCurrent and accruing Purchase credit impaired
Nonaccrual (1)
Nonaccruing purchase credit impairedTotal loans
Commercial real estate:        
Owner-occupied$4,361  $—  $4,361  $2,650,385  $3,366  $10,791  $863  $2,669,766  
All other6,797  —  6,797  5,020,227  5,254  7,169  5  5,039,452  
Consumer real estate – mortgage8,162  168  8,330  3,032,615  3,014  20,995  3,671  3,068,625  
Construction and land development2,087  —  2,087  2,424,832  1,286  542  1,736  2,430,483  
Commercial and industrial10,312  946  11,258  6,263,024  329  14,294  1,391  6,290,296  
Consumer and other2,168  501  2,669  286,437  —  148  —  289,254  
Total$33,887  $1,615  $35,502  $19,677,520  $13,249  $53,939  $7,666  $19,787,876  

AccruingNonaccruing
December 31, 201830-89 days past due and accruing90 days or more past due and accruingTotal past due and accruingCurrent and accruing Purchase credit impaired
Nonaccrual (1)
Nonaccruing purchase credit impairedTotal loans
Commercial real estate:      
Owner-occupied$10,170  $—  $10,170  $2,623,700  $2,664  $16,025  $874  $2,653,433  
All other1,586  —  1,586  4,488,840  5,659  12,634  2,802  4,511,521  
Consumer real estate – mortgage18,059  —  18,059  2,794,630  3,689  22,564  5,505  2,844,447  
Construction and land development3,759  —  3,759  2,063,201  2,108  2,020  1,367  2,072,455  
Commercial and industrial21,451  1,082  22,533  5,225,205  623  23,022  38  5,271,421  
Consumer and other3,276  476  3,752  349,537  —  983  —  354,272  
Total$58,301  $1,558  $59,859  $17,545,113  $14,743  $77,248  $10,586  $17,707,549  
(1)Approximately $35.8 million and $52.5 million of nonaccrual loans as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, were performing pursuant to their contractual terms at those dates.
Details of Changes in the Allowance for Loan Losses
The following table details the changes in the allowance for loan losses from December 31, 2016 to December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018 to December 31, 2019 by loan classification and the allocation of allowance for loan losses (in thousands):
 Commercial real estate - mortgageConsumer real estate - mortgageConstruction and land developmentCommercial and industrialConsumer and otherUnallocatedTotal
Allowance for Loan Losses:       
Balance at December 31, 2016$13,655  $6,564  $3,624  $24,743  $9,520  $874  $58,980  
Charged-off loans(633) (1,461) (137) (4,297) (15,518) —  (22,046) 
Recovery of previously charged-off loans671  1,516  1,136  1,317  2,002  —  6,642  
Provision for loan losses7,495  (1,588) 4,339  3,100  9,870  448  23,664  
Balance at December 31, 2017$21,188  $5,031  $8,962  $24,863  $5,874  $1,322  $67,240  
Collectively evaluated for impairment$20,753  $4,460  $8,879  $23,181  $5,874   $63,147  
Individually evaluated for impairment95  410  66  1,627  —   2,198  
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality340  161  17  55  —   573  
Balance at December 31, 2017$21,188  $5,031  $8,962  $24,863  $5,874  $1,322  $67,240  
Loans:       
Collectively evaluated for impairment$6,630,593  $2,534,996  $1,896,553  $4,116,677  $352,663   $15,531,482  
Individually evaluated for impairment18,214  12,172  5,167  23,426  —   58,979  
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality20,803  14,046  6,568  1,238  —   42,655  
Balance at December 31, 2017$6,669,610  $2,561,214  $1,908,288  $4,141,341  $352,663   $15,633,116  

 Commercial real estate - mortgageConsumer real estate - mortgageConstruction and land developmentCommercial and industrialConsumer and otherUnallocatedTotal
Allowance for Loan Losses:       
Balance at December 31, 2017$21,188  $5,031  $8,962  $24,863  $5,874  $1,322  $67,240  
Charged-off loans(3,030) (1,593) (74) (13,175) (12,528) (30,400) 
Recovery of previously charged-off loans2,096  2,653  1,863  3,035  2,711  12,358  
Provision for loan losses6,692  1,579  377  17,008  9,366  (645) 34,377  
Balance at December 31, 2018$26,946  $7,670  $11,128  $31,731  $5,423  $677  $83,575  
Collectively evaluated for impairment$26,222  $6,227  $11,100  $30,290  $5,095   $78,934  
Individually evaluated for impairment724  1,443  28  1,441  328   3,964  
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality—  —  —  —  —   —  
Balance at December 31, 2018$26,946  $7,670  $11,128  $31,731  $5,423  $677  $83,575  
Loans:       
Collectively evaluated for impairment$7,124,117  $2,808,142  $2,066,613  $5,246,913  $353,289   $17,599,074  
Individually evaluated for impairment28,838  27,111  2,367  23,847  983   83,146  
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality11,999  9,194  3,475  661  —   25,329  
Balance at December 31, 2018$7,164,954  $2,844,447  $2,072,455  $5,271,421  $354,272  $17,707,549  
 Commercial real estate - mortgageConsumer real estate - mortgageConstruction and land developmentCommercial and industrialConsumer and otherUnallocatedTotal
Allowance for Loan Losses:       
Balance at December 31, 2018$26,946  $7,670  $11,128  $31,731  $5,423  $677  $83,575  
Charged-off loans(1,700) (1,335) (18) (19,208) (6,206) —  (28,467) 
Recovery of previously charged-off loans2,232  1,827  682  6,473  1,172  —  12,386  
Provision for loan losses5,891  (108) 870  17,116  3,206  308  27,283  
Balance at December 31, 2019$33,369  $8,054  $12,662  $36,112  $3,595  $985  $94,777  
Collectively evaluated for impairment$32,134  $6,762  $12,629  $35,401  $3,586   $90,512  
Individually evaluated for impairment1,235  1,292  33  711  9   3,280  
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality—  —  —  —  —   —  
Balance at December 31, 2019$33,369  $8,054  $12,662  $36,112  $3,595  $985  $94,777  
Loans:       
Collectively evaluated for impairment$7,681,608  $3,036,922  $2,426,901  $6,274,280  $289,106   $19,708,817  
Individually evaluated for impairment18,122  25,018  561  14,295  148   58,144  
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality9,488  6,685  3,021  1,721  —   20,915  
Balance at December 31, 2019$7,709,218  $3,068,625  $2,430,483  $6,290,296  $289,254  $19,787,876