Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Basis of Presentation — The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with instructions to Form 10-Q and therefore do not include all information and footnotes necessary for a fair presentation of financial position, results of operations, and cash flows in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP). All adjustments consisting of normally recurring accruals that, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and results of operations for the periods covered by the report have been included. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing in Pinnacle Financial's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 (2017 10-K).

These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Pinnacle Financial and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Certain statutory trust affiliates of Pinnacle Financial, as noted in Note 12. Subordinated Debt and Other Borrowings are included in these consolidated financial statements pursuant to the equity method of accounting. Significant intercompany transactions and accounts are eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates — The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities as of the balance sheet date and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term include the determination of the allowance for loan losses, determination of any impairment of intangible assets and the valuation of deferred tax assets. There have been no significant changes to Pinnacle Financial's significant accounting policies as disclosed in the 2017 10-K.

Income Per Common Share

Income Per Common Share — Basic net income per common share (EPS) is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects the dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted. The difference between basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding is attributable to common stock options, common stock appreciation rights, restricted share awards, and restricted share unit awards. The dilutive effect of outstanding options, common stock appreciation rights, restricted share awards, and restricted share unit awards is reflected in diluted EPS by application of the treasury stock method.

The following is a summary of the basic and diluted net income per share calculations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands, except per share data):



	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Basic net income per share calculation:
Numerator - Net income	$	93,747	$	64,442	$	264,122	$	147,181

Denominator - Weighted average common shares outstanding	77,145		76,679		77,116		59,371
Basic net income per common share	$	1.22	$	0.84	$	3.42	$	2.48

Diluted net income per share calculation:
Numerator – Net income	$	93,747	$	64,442	$	264,122	$	147,181

Denominator - Weighted average common shares outstanding	77,145		76,679		77,116		59,371
Dilutive shares contingently issuable	346		554		326		539
Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding	77,491		77,232		77,443		59,910
Diluted net income per common share	$	1.21	$	0.83	$	3.41	$	2.46

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements — In August 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging: Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. The amendments in this ASU make more financial and non-financial hedging strategies eligible for hedge accounting. It also amends the presentation and disclosure requirements and changes how companies assess effectiveness. The amendments will be effective for public companies for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. Pinnacle Financial early adopted this standard in the first quarter of 2018 and subsequently entered into three hedging transactions during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, all of which are eligible for hedge accounting as a result of the new standard, as noted in Note 9. Derivative Instruments.

In March 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-08, Receivables - Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20): Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities. The amendment in this ASU shortens the amortization period for certain callable debt securities held at a premium to the earliest call date. The amendment does not require an accounting change for securities held at a discount; the discount continues to be amortized to maturity. The amendment is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those periods. Early adoption is permitted with modified retrospective application. Pinnacle Financial elected to early adopt this standard in the first quarter of 2018 and it continues to have no material impact to its consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business. The amendment in this ASU clarifies the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. The amendment is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those periods. There has been no material impact on Pinnacle Financial's consolidated financial statements due to the adoption of this standard in the first quarter of 2018.

In August 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) intended to reduce the diversity in practice around how certain transactions are classified within the statement of cash flows. The guidance became effective for public companies for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Pinnacle Financial adopted this standard in the first quarter of 2018 and it continues to have no material impact to its consolidated financial statements, with the exception of dividends received from its and Pinnacle Bank's equity method investments which were reclassified from cash flow from investments to operating cash flow.

In January 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-01, Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10) which, among other things, (i) requires equity investments, excluding those accounted for under the equity method or that result in consolidation, to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income, (ii) simplifies the impairment assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values by requiring a qualitative assessment to identify impairment, (iii) eliminates the requirement for public business entities to disclose the methods and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments measured at amortized cost on the balance sheet, (iv) requires public business entities to use the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes, (v) requires an entity to present separately in other comprehensive income the portion of the total change in the fair value of a liability resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk when the entity has elected to measure the liability at fair value in accordance with the fair value option for financial instruments, (vi) requires separate presentation of financial assets and financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial asset on the balance sheet or the accompanying notes to the financial statements and (viii) clarifies that an entity should evaluate the need for a valuation allowance on a deferred tax asset related to available-for-sale securities in combination with the entity's other deferred tax assets. ASU 2016-01 became effective for Pinnacle Financial in the first quarter of 2018 and continues to have no material impact on its consolidated financial statements. See Note 10. Fair Value of Financial Instruments for disclosure of the fair value of financial instruments based on an exit price notion as required by ASU 2016-01.

In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606 ), which was developed as a joint project with the International Accounting Standards Board to remove inconsistencies in revenue requirements and provide a more robust framework for addressing revenue issues. The ASU's core principle is that an entity should recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In August 2015, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2015-14, which deferred the effective date by one year (i.e., interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017). Pinnacle Financial adopted the ASU during the first quarter of 2018, as required, using a modified retrospective approach. The majority of Pinnacle Financial's revenue stream is generated from interest income on loans and securities, which are outside the scope of Topic 606. Pinnacle Financial’s sources of income that fall within the scope of Topic 606 include service charges on deposits, investment services, insurance sales commissions, trust fees, interchange fees and gains and losses on sales of other real estate, all of which are presented within noninterest income. Pinnacle Financial has evaluated the effect of Topic 606 on these fee-based income streams and concluded that adoption of the standard did not materially impact its financial statements. The following is a summary of the implementation considerations for the revenue streams that fall within the scope of Topic 606:

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Service charges on deposits, investment services, trust fees and interchange fees — Fees from these services are either transaction based, for which the performance obligations are satisfied when the individual transaction is processed, or set periodic service charges, for which the performance obligations are satisfied over the period the service is provided. Transaction-based fees are recognized at the time the transaction is processed, and periodic service charges are recognized over the service period. The adoption of Topic 606 had no impact on Pinnacle Financial's revenue recognition practice for these services.

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Insurance sales commissions — Insurance commissions are received from insurance companies in return for the placement of policies with customers. While additional services, such as claims assistance, may be provided over the term of the policy, the revenues are substantially earned at the time of policy placement. The only contingency in earning the revenue relates to the potential for subsequent cancellation of policies. Accordingly, revenue is recognized at the time of policy placement, net of an allowance for estimated policy cancellations. The adoption of Topic 606 had no impact on Pinnacle Financial's revenue recognition related to insurance sales commissions.

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Gains on sales of other real estate — ASU 2014-09 also creates Topic 610-20, under which a gain on sale should be recognized when a contract for sale exists and control of the asset has been transferred to the buyer. Topic 606 lists several criteria which must exist to conclude that a contract for sale exists, including a determination that the institution will collect substantially all of the consideration to which it is entitled. This presents a key difference between the prior and new guidance related to the recognition of the gain when the institution finances the sale of the property. Rather than basing recognition on the amount of the buyer's initial investment, which was the primary consideration under prior guidance, the analysis is now based on various factors including not only the loan to value ratio, but also the credit quality of the borrower, the structure of the loan, and any other factors that may affect collectability. While these differences may affect the decision to recognize or defer gains on sales of other real estate in circumstances where Pinnacle Bank has financed the sale, the effects would not be material to Pinnacle Financial's consolidated financial statements.

Description of New Accounting Pronouncements Not yet Adopted [Text Block]

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements, not yet adopted — In August 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2018-15, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement that is a Service Contract. ASU 2018-15 requires implementation costs incurred by customers in cloud computing arrangements (i.e., hosting arrangements) to be capitalized under the same premises of authoritative guidance for internal-use software, and deferred over the noncancellable term of the cloud computing arrangements plus any option renewal periods that are reasonably certain to be exercised by the customer or for which the exercise is controlled by the service provider. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those periods. Early adoption is permitted. If this standard had been effective as of the date of the financial statements included in this report, there would have been no impact on Pinnacle Financial's consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurements. This update is part of the disclosure framework project and eliminates certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements, requires entities to disclose new information, and modifies existing disclosure requirements. The new disclosure guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. Pinnacle Financial is currently evaluating the impact this change will have on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

In February 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. The amendments in this ASU addressed the income tax accounting treatment of the stranded tax effects within other comprehensive income due to the newly enacted federal corporate tax rate included in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act issued December 22, 2017. These amendments allow an entity to make a reclassification from other comprehensive income to retained earnings for the difference between the historical corporate income tax rate and the newly enacted corporate income tax rate. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those years. Early adoption is permitted with retrospective application. This standard will not have a material impact on Pinnacle Financial's consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment to simplify how entities other than private companies, such as public business entities and not-for-profit entities, are required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating the comparison of the implied fair value of the reporting unit's goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those periods. If this standard had been effective as of the date of the financial statements included in this report, there would have been no impact on Pinnacle Financial's consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-02, Leases which requires recognition in the statement of financial position of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases under previous GAAP. The guidance requires that a lessee should recognize lease assets and lease liabilities as compared to previous GAAP that did not require lease assets and lease liabilities to be recognized for operating leases. The guidance becomes effective for Pinnacle Financial on January 1, 2019. Had this standard been effective as of September 30, 2018, we would have recorded a right of use asset and lease liability of approximately $70 million. In July 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases which provides technical corrections and improvements to ASU 2016-02. It is not anticipated that this update will have an impact on our adoption of ASU 2016-02. Also in July 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements which provides an optional transition method to adopt the new requirements of ASU 2016-02 as of the adoption date with no adjustment to the presentation or disclosure of comparative prior periods included in the financial statements in the period of adoption. Pinnacle Financial intends to elect the optional transition method which will result in presentation of periods prior to adoption under the prior lease guidance of ASC Topic 840.

In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (CECL), which introduces the current expected credit losses methodology. Among other things, CECL requires the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets, including loans and held-to-maturity debt securities, held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount. The new model will require institutions to calculate all probable and estimable losses that are expected to be incurred through the financial asset's entire life through a provision for credit losses, including loans obtained as a result of any acquisition not deemed to be purchased credit deteriorated (PCD). CECL also requires the allowance for credit losses for PCD loans to be determined in a manner similar to that of other financial assets measured at amortized cost; however, the initial allowance will be added to the purchase price rather than recorded as provision expense. The disclosure of credit quality indicators related to the amortized cost of financing receivables will be further disaggregated by year of origination (or vintage). Institutions are to apply the changes through a cumulative-effect adjustment to their retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the standard is effective. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early application will be permitted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. Pinnacle Financial is currently assessing the impact of the new guidance on its consolidated financial statements. An increase in the overall allowance for loan losses is likely upon adoption in order to provide for expected credit losses over the life of the loan portfolio.

Other than those pronouncements discussed above and those which have been recently adopted, we do not believe there were any other recently issued accounting pronouncements that are expected to materially impact Pinnacle Financial.

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events — Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 855, Subsequent Events, establishes general standards of accounting for and disclosure of events that occur after the balance sheet date but before financial statements are issued. Pinnacle Financial evaluated all events or transactions that occurred after September 30, 2018 through the date of the issued financial statements. Pinnacle Financial entered into multiple hedging transactions in October that have been more fully disclosed in Note 9. Derivative Instruments. Additionally, consistent with the investment policy, during the month of October, Pinnacle Financial sold $119.9 million in available-for-sale securities for net unrealized losses, net of tax, of $1.1 million. The net unrealized loss will be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into net income. Other than the above-noted transaction, no other subsequent events were noted.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Goodwill — ASC 350-35-3 provides an entity the option to first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If an entity determines that this is the case, it is required to perform the quantitative two-step goodwill impairment test to identify potential goodwill impairment and measure the amount of goodwill impairment loss to be recognized. Based on the qualitative assessment, if an entity determines that the fair value of a reporting unit is more than its carrying amount, the quantitative two-step goodwill impairment test is not required. Pinnacle Financial performed its annual qualitative assessment as of September 30, 2018. As a result of this assessment, Pinnacle Financial believes that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of our entity is less than book value, and accordingly, the assessment indicates there is no impairment of goodwill as of September 30, 2018. As such, the additional two-step quantitative assessment was not required.