10-Q 1 a07-25506_110q.htm 10-Q

 

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

 

FORM 10-Q

 

(Mark One)

 

 

 

 

 

x

 

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

 

 

 

 

For the quarterly period ended: September 30, 2007

 

 

 

 

 

OR

 

 

 

o

 

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

For the transition period from                    to                    .

 

Commission file number 000-31191

 

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Delaware

 

04-3324394

(State or other jurisdiction of

 

(I.R.S. Employer

incorporation or organization)

 

Identification No.)

 

 

 

8 Campus Drive

 

 

Parsippany, New Jersey

 

07054

(Address of principal executive offices)

 

(Zip Code)

 

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:  (973) 656-1616

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

 

Yes    x      No    o

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

 

 Large accelerated filer    x

 

Accelerated filer    o

 

Non-accelerated filer    o

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

 

Yes    o      No    x

 

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date: As of November 1, 2007, there were 51,842,398 shares of Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share, outstanding.

 

 




 

The Medicines Company® name and logo, Angiomax®, Angiox® and CleviprexÔ are either registered trademarks or trademarks of The Medicines Company in the United States and/or other countries. All other trademarks, service marks or other tradenames appearing in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q are the property of their respective owners. Except where otherwise indicated, or where the context may otherwise require, references to “Angiomax” in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q mean Angiomax and Angiox collectively.

 

This quarterly report on Form 10-Q includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. For this purpose, any statements contained herein regarding our strategy, future operations, financial position, future revenue, projected costs, prospects, plans and objectives of management, other than statements of historical facts, are forward-looking statements. The words “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “plans,” “projects,” “will,” “would” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. We cannot guarantee that we actually will achieve the results, plans, intentions or expectations expressed or implied in our forward-looking statements. There are a number of important factors that could cause actual results, levels of activity, performance or events to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements we make. These important factors include our “critical accounting estimates” described in Part I, Item 2 of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q and the factors set forth under the caption “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q. Although we may elect to update forward-looking statements in the future, we specifically disclaim any obligation to do so, even if our estimates change, and readers should not rely on those forward-looking statements as representing our views as of any date subsequent to the date of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.

 



 

Item 1. Financial Statements

 

THE MEDICINES COMPANY
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(unaudited)

 

 

 

September 30,

 

December 31,

 

 

 

2007

 

2006

 

ASSETS

 

 

 

 

 

Current assets:

 

 

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

$

72,972

 

$

75,530

 

Available for sale securities

 

137,244

 

121,287

 

Accrued interest receivable

 

1,824

 

1,414

 

Accounts receivable, net of allowance of approximately $2.1 million and $0.8 million at September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006

 

30,577

 

21,504

 

Inventory

 

29,116

 

41,628

 

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

 

11,751

 

12,963

 

Total current assets

 

283,484

 

274,326

 

Fixed assets, net

 

2,623

 

3,071

 

Intangible assets, net

 

14,929

 

 

Deferred tax assets

 

41,032

 

41,032

 

Other assets

 

135

 

139

 

Total assets

 

$

342,203

 

$

318,568

 

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

 

 

 

 

 

Current liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

Accounts payable

 

$

4,484

 

$

8,885

 

Accrued expenses

 

66,756

 

36,918

 

Total current liabilities

 

71,240

 

45,803

 

Commitments and contingencies

 

 

 

 

 

Deferred revenue

 

 

2,814

 

Stockholders’ equity:

 

 

 

 

 

Preferred stock, $1.00 par value per share, 5,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding

 

 

 

Common stock, $.001 par value per share, 125,000,000 shares authorized; 51,840,973 and 51,227,313 issued and outstanding at September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively

 

52

 

51

 

Additional paid-in capital

 

531,667

 

511,076

 

Accumulated deficit

 

(260,951

)

(241,172

)

Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)

 

195

 

(4

)

Total stockholders’ equity

 

270,963

 

269,951

 

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

 

$

342,203

 

$

318,568

 

 

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

2



 

THE MEDICINES COMPANY
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands, except per share amounts)
(unaudited)

 

 

 

Three Months Ended September 30,

 

Nine Months Ended September 30,

 

 

 

2007

 

2006

 

2007

 

2006

 

Net revenue

 

$

62,191

 

$

59,580

 

$

185,237

 

$

153,595

 

Operating expenses:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cost of revenue

 

16,157

 

14,342

 

49,031

 

38,291

 

Research and development

 

18,741

 

15,867

 

53,948

 

44,393

 

Selling, general and administrative

 

55,499

 

20,312

 

109,457

 

65,965

 

Total operating expenses

 

90,397

 

50,521

 

212,436

 

148,649

 

(Loss)/income from operations

 

(28,206

)

9,059

 

(27,199

)

4,946

 

Other income

 

2,664

 

2,045

 

7,965

 

4,907

 

(Loss)/income before income taxes

 

(25,542

)

11,104

 

(19,234

)

9,853

 

Benefit from/(provision for) income taxes

 

1,899

 

(432

)

(545

)

(380

)

Net (loss)/income

 

$

(23,643

)

$

10,672

 

$

(19,779

)

$

9,473

 

Basic (loss)/earnings per common share

 

$

(0.46

)

$

0.21

 

$

(0.38

)

$

0.19

 

Shares used in computing basic (loss)/earnings per common share

 

51,672

 

50,478

 

51,596

 

50,116

 

Diluted (loss)/earnings per common share

 

$

(0.46

)

$

0.21

 

$

(0.38

)

$

0.19

 

Shares used in computing diluted (loss)/earnings per common share

 

51,672

 

51,114

 

51,596

 

50,779

 

 

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

3



 

THE MEDICINES COMPANY
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
(unaudited)

 

 

 

Nine Months Ended 
September 30,

 

 

 

2007

 

2006

 

Cash flows from operating activities:

 

 

 

 

 

Net (loss)/income

 

$

(19,779

)

$

9,473

 

Adjustments to reconcile net income/(loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:

 

 

 

 

 

Depreciation

 

1,180

 

1,087

 

Amortization of net premiums and discounts on available for sale securities

 

(851

)

(885

)

Non-cash stock compensation expense

 

11,285

 

6,135

 

Loss on disposal of fixed assets

 

1

 

241

 

Loss on sales of available for sale securities

 

2

 

 

Deferred tax provision

 

 

 

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

Accrued interest receivable

 

(410

)

(341

)

Accounts receivable

 

(9,073

)

(10,474

)

Inventory

 

12,512

 

12,751

 

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

 

1,216

 

(1,726

)

Accounts payable

 

(4,401

)

(422

)

Accrued expenses

 

29,838

 

7,294

 

Deferred revenue

 

(2,814

)

(246

)

Net cash provided by operating activities

 

18,706

 

22,887

 

Cash flows from investing activities:

 

 

 

 

 

Purchases of available for sale securities

 

(108,990

)

(70,960

)

Maturities and sales of available for sale securities

 

94,060

 

110,777

 

Purchases of fixed assets

 

(733

)

(683

)

Acquisition of intangible assets

 

(14,929

)

 

Net cash (used in)/provided by investing activities

 

(30,592

)

39,134

 

Cash flows from financing activities:

 

 

 

 

 

Proceeds from issuances of common stock

 

9,307

 

13,062

 

Net cash provided by financing activities

 

9,307

 

13,062

 

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash

 

21

 

28

 

(Decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents

 

(2,558

)

75,111

 

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

 

75,530

 

25,706

 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

 

$

72,972

 

$

100,817

 

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:

 

 

 

 

 

Interest paid

 

$

 

$

 

Taxes paid

 

$

424

 

$

209

 

 

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

4



 

THE MEDICINES COMPANY

 

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

1.                                      Nature of Business

 

The Medicines Company (the Company) was incorporated in Delaware on July 31, 1996. The Company is a pharmaceutical company providing innovative, cost effective acute care hospital products to the worldwide hospital marketplace. In December 2000, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the FDA) approved the Company’s product, Angiomax® (bivalirudin), a direct thrombin inhibitor, for use as an anticoagulant in combination with aspirin in patients with unstable angina undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, or PTCA. In June 2005, the FDA approved new prescribing information for Angiomax to also include patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, or PCI, in addition to those undergoing PTCA. In November 2005, the FDA approved the expansion of the label to include PCI patients with or at risk of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis syndrome, a complication of heparin administration known as HIT/HITTS that can result in limb amputation, multi-organ failure and death. In September 2004, the Company received authorization from the European Commission to market Angiomax as Angiox® (bivalirudin) in the member states of the European Union for use as an anticoagulant in combination with aspirin in patients undergoing PCI. In December 2006, the Company submitted an application to the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medical Products, and in July 2007, the Company submitted a supplemental new drug application (sNDA) to the FDA, each seeking approval of an additional indication for Angiomax for the treatment of patients with acute coronary syndromes based on the results of the Company’s Phase III ACUITY trial, which studied Angiomax use in patients presenting to the emergency department with acute coronary syndromes. The FDA accepted this application to file in September 2007.

 

 Prior to July 1, 2007, the Company concentrated its commercial sales and marketing resources on the United States hospital market, relying on third-party distributors to market and distribute the product outside the United States, and revenues to date have been generated principally from sales of Angiomax in the United States. On July 1, 2007, the Company entered into a series of agreements with Nycomed Danmark ApS (Nycomed) pursuant to which the Company terminated its distribution agreement with Nycomed and re-acquired all rights held by Nycomed with respect to the distribution and marketing of the Company’s product Angiox ® (bivalirudin) in the European Union (excluding Spain, Portugal and Greece) and the former Soviet republics. Under these arrangements, the Company assumed control of the marketing of Angiox immediately and Nycomed agreed to provide, on a transitional basis, sales operations services until the end of 2007 and product distribution services into 2008. To support the marketing of Angiox in the countries formerly served by Nycomed, the Company is taking the necessary steps to develop its business infrastructure outside the United States.

 

In addition to Angiomax, the Company is currently developing two other pharmaceutical products as potential acute care hospital products. The first of these, Cleviprex™ (clevidipine butyrate injectable emulsion), is an intravenous drug intended for the control of blood pressure in intensive care patients who require rapid and precise control of blood pressure. The second of these, cangrelor, is an intravenous antiplatelet agent that prevents platelet activation and aggregation, which the Company believes has potential advantages in the treatment of vascular disease. In July 2007, the Company submitted a new drug application (NDA) to the FDA for approval to market Cleviprex for use in patients receiving an intravenous antihypertensive agent in the acute care setting when oral therapy is not desirable or feasible. In September 2007, the FDA accepted this application to file.

 

The Company has invested, and plans to continue investing, in Angiomax development programs to expand the indications for which Angiomax is approved. Additionally, the Company plans to continue investing in the development of Cleviprex and cangrelor.

 

2.                                      Significant Accounting Policies

 

Basis of Presentation

 

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, the accompanying financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring accruals, considered necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the periods presented.

 

5



 

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company has no unconsolidated subsidiaries or investments accounted for under the equity method.

 

The results of operations for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2007 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the entire fiscal year ending December 31, 2007. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Available for Sale Securities

 

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with original maturities at the date of purchase of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents included cash of $10.8 million and $26.5 million at September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively. Cash and cash equivalents at September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006 included investments of $62.2 million and $49.0 million, respectively, in money market funds and commercial paper with original maturities of less than three months. These investments are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. The Company measures all original maturities from the date the investment was originally purchased by the Company.

 

The Company considers securities with original maturities at the date of purchase of greater than three months to be available for sale securities. Securities under this classification are recorded at fair market value and unrealized gains and losses are recorded as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. The estimated fair value of the available for sale securities is determined based on quoted market prices or rates for similar instruments. In addition, the cost of debt securities in this category is adjusted for amortization of premium and accretion of discount to maturity. The Company evaluates securities with unrealized losses to determine whether such losses are other than temporary.

 

At September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, the Company held available for sale securities with a fair value totaling $137.2 million and $121.3 million, respectively. These available for sale securities included various corporate debt securities and United States government agency notes. At September 30, 2007, all of the Company’s available for sale securities had maturities within one year. At December 31, 2006, $113.3 million of the Company’s available for sale securities had maturities within one year and $8.0 million had maturities which were more than one year but less than two years.

 

Revenue Recognition

 

Product Sales.   In March 2007, the Company entered into an agreement with a third party to distribute Angiomax in the United States through a sole source distribution model. Under this model, the Company sells Angiomax to its sole source distributor, which then sells Angiomax to a limited number of national medical and pharmaceutical wholesalers with distribution centers located throughout the United States and in certain cases, directly to hospitals. In both instances, the sole source distributor ships Angiomax directly to hospitals. Prior to adopting this sole source distribution model, the Company sold Angiomax to the wholesalers directly and the wholesalers then sold Angiomax to hospitals. Outside of the United States, the Company sells Angiomax to several international distributors and these distributors then sell Angiomax to hospitals. The Company does not recognize revenue from product sales until there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement, delivery has occurred, the price is fixed and determinable, the buyer is obligated to pay the Company, the obligation to pay is not contingent on resale of the product, the buyer has economic substance apart from the Company, the Company has no obligation to bring about sale of the product, the amount of returns can be reasonably estimated and collectibility is reasonably assured.

 

Domestic Sales.   The Company records allowances for chargebacks and other discounts, and accruals for product returns, rebates and fee-for-service charges at the time of sale, and reports revenue net of such amounts. In determining the amounts of certain allowances and accruals, the Company must make significant judgments and estimates. For example, in determining these amounts, the Company estimates hospital demand, buying patterns by hospitals and group purchasing organizations from wholesalers and the levels of inventory held by its wholesalers prior to its new distribution model and by

 

6



 

its current sole source distributor. Making these determinations involves estimating whether trends in past wholesaler and hospital buying patterns are indicative of future product sales. Under the Company’s previous arrangements with its wholesalers and its current arrangement with its sole source distributor, the Company receives data on inventory levels and levels of hospital purchases. The Company considers this data in determining the amounts of certain of these allowances and accruals.

 

The nature of the Company’s allowances and accruals requiring critical estimates, and the specific considerations it uses in estimating their amounts, are as follows:

 

                                          Product returns.   The Company’s customers have the right to return any unopened product during the 18-month period beginning six months prior to the labeled expiration date and ending 12 months after the labeled expiration date. As a result, in calculating the accrual for product returns, the Company must estimate the likelihood that product sold might not be used within six months of expiration and analyze the likelihood that such product will be returned within 12 months after expiration.

 

In estimating the likelihood of product being returned, the Company relies on information from the sole source distributor regarding inventory levels, measured hospital demand as reported by third-party sources and on internal sales data. The Company also considers the past buying patterns of its wholesalers prior to the new distribution model and the current sole source distributor, estimated remaining shelf life of product previously shipped and the expiration dates of product currently being shipped.

 

At September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, the Company’s accrual for product returns was $0.1 million and $0.4 million, respectively.

 

                                          Chargebacks and rebates.   Although the Company primarily sells Angiomax to the sole source distributor and several small wholesalers in the United States and to certain international distributors, the Company typically enters into agreements with hospitals, either directly or through group purchasing organizations acting on behalf of their hospital members, in connection with the hospitals’ purchases of Angiomax from the sole source distributor or wholesalers. Based on these agreements, most of the Company’s hospital customers have the right to receive a discounted price and volume-based rebate on product purchases. In the case of the discounted price, the Company typically provides a credit to the sole source distributor, or a chargeback, representing the difference between the sole source distributor’s acquisition list price and the discounted price. In the case of the volume-based rebates, the Company typically pays the rebate directly to the hospitals.

 

As a result of these agreements, at the time of product shipment, the Company must estimate the likelihood that Angiomax sold to the sole source distributor or wholesaler might be ultimately sold to a contracting hospital or group purchasing organization. The Company must also estimate the contracting hospital’s or group purchasing organization’s volume of purchases.

 

The Company bases its estimates on the historic chargeback data it receives from its sole source distributor, most of which the sole source distributor receives from wholesalers, which detail historic buying patterns and sales mix for particular hospitals and group purchasing organizations, and the applicable customer chargeback rates and rebate thresholds.

 

At September 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, the Company’s allowance for chargebacks was $1.4 million and $0.3 million, respectively, and its accrual for rebates was $1.8 million and $0.8 million, respectively. The increase in the Company’s allowance for chargebacks reflects an increase in chargebacks during the nine months ended September 30, 2007 due to increased discounts to certain large buying groups as a result of an 8% Angiomax price increase that occurred in January 2007. The increase in the Company’s accrual for rebates reflects increased rebates to certain customers as requested by these customers in connection with the change to a single source distribution model.

 

The Company has adjusted its allowances for chargebacks and accruals for product returns and rebates in the past based on actual sales experience, and the Company will likely be required to make adjustments to these allowances and accruals in the future. The Company continually monitors its allowances and accruals and makes adjustments when the Company believes actual experience may differ from its estimates.

 

7



 

International Distributors.   Under the Company’s agreements with its primary international distributors, including Nycomed under the now terminated distribution agreement, the Company sells its product to these distributors at a fixed transfer price. The established transfer price is typically determined once per year, prior to the first shipment of Angiomax to the distributor each year. The minimum selling price used in determining the transfer price is 50% of the average net unit selling price.

 

Revenue from the sale of distribution rights includes the amortization of milestone payments. These milestone payments are recorded as deferred revenue until contractual performance obligations have been satisfied, and they are typically recognized ratably over the term of these agreements. When the period of deferral cannot be specifically identified from the contract, the Company must estimate the period based upon other critical factors contained within the contract. The Company reviews these estimates at least annually, which could result in a change in the deferral period. In connection with the Nycomed transaction (described in note 6 of these condensed consolidated financial statements), the Company wrote-off approximately $2.7 million of deferred revenue, which amount represented the unamortized portion of deferred revenue related to milestone payments received from Nycomed in 2004 and 2002.

 

Reimbursement Revenue

 

In collaboration with a third party, the Company has paid fees for services rendered by a research organization and other out-of-pocket costs for which the Company was reimbursed at cost, without mark-up or profits. The Company accounts for these arrangements using FASB EITF 01-14 “Income Statement Characterization of Reimbursements Received for Out-of-Pocket Expenses Incurred” (EITF 01-14) and FASB EITF 99-19 “Reporting Revenue Gross as a Principal versus Net as an Agent” (EITF 99-19). The reimbursements received have been reported as part of Net revenue on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations. The fees for the services rendered and the out-of-pocket costs have been included in research and development expenses. For the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2007, the Company did not report any reimbursement revenue or incur any expenses in connection with this collaboration and the Company does not expect to record revenue or expenses under this arrangement in the future. For the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2006, the Company reported $0.5 million and $1.8 million of reimbursement revenue, respectively, as well as a corresponding expense under this arrangement.

 

Revenue from Collaborations

 

Under the terms of the transitional distribution agreement with Nycomed, the Company is entitled to receive a specified percentage of Nycomed’s net sales of Angiox to third parties. In the event the Angiox sold was purchased by Nycomed from the Company prior to July 1, 2007, the amount the Company is entitled to receive is reduced by the amount previously paid by Nycomed to the Company for such product. Accordingly, revenue related to the transitional distribution agreement with Nycomed is not recognized until the product is sold by Nycomed to a hospital customer. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007, the Company recorded $1.2 million of net revenue from sales made by Nycomed of approximately $2.7 million under the transitional distribution agreement. Such amounts were recorded as revenue from collaborations and are included in Net revenue on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations.

 

Inventory

 

Inventory is recorded upon the transfer of title from the Company’s vendors. Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or market value and is valued using first-in, first-out methodology. Angiomax bulk drug substance is classified as raw materials and its costs are determined using acquisition costs from the Company’s contract manufacturer. Work-in-progress costs of filling, finishing and packaging are recorded against specific product batches. The Company obtains all of its Angiomax bulk drug substance from Lonza Braine, S.A. Under the terms of the Company’s agreement with Lonza Braine, the Company provides forecasts of Angiomax annual bulk drug substance needs 18 months in advance. The Company also has a separate agreement with Ben Venue Laboratories, Inc. for the fill-finish of Angiomax drug product. As of September 30, 2007, the Company had inventory-related purchase commitments totaling $14.5 million during 2007, $8.7 million for 2008 and $12.8 million for 2009 for Angiomax bulk drug substance.

 

8



 

The major classes of inventory were as follows:

 

 

 

September 30,

 

December 31,

 

Inventory

 

2007

 

2006

 

 

 

(in thousands)

 

Raw materials

 

$

14,384

 

$

25,456

 

Work-in-progress

 

12,585

 

12,506

 

Finished goods

 

2,147

 

3,666

 

Total

 

$

29,116

 

$

41,628

 

 

The Company reviews inventory, including inventory purchase commitments, for slow moving or obsolete amounts based on expected revenues. If annual revenues are less than expected, the Company may be required to make allowances for excess or obsolete inventory in the future.

 

Fixed Assets

 

Fixed assets are stated at cost. Depreciation is provided using the straight-line method based on estimated useful lives or, in the case of leasehold improvements, over the lesser of the useful lives or the lease terms.

 

Research and Development

 

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

 

Stock-Based Compensation

 

Prior to January 1, 2006, the Company elected to account for stock-based compensation using the intrinsic value method prescribed in Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees” as permitted by Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (SFAS) No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation.”

 

Effective January 1, 2006, the Company adopted the fair value recognition provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement No. 123 (revised 2004) “Share-Based Payment” (SFAS No. 123(R)), and is recognizing expense using the accelerated expense attribution method specified in FASB Interpretation No. (FIN) 28, “Accounting for Stock Appreciation Rights and Other Variable Stock Option or Award Plans.”   SFAS No. 123(R) requires companies to recognize compensation expense in an amount equal to the fair value of all share-based awards granted to employees. The Company has elected the modified prospective transition method.  Under this method, the provisions of SFAS No. 123(R) apply to all awards granted after January 1, 2006, the date of adoption, and to any unrecognized expense of awards unvested at the date of adoption based on the grant date fair value.

 

In accordance with SFAS No. 123(R), the Company recorded approximately $4.1 million and $11.3 million of stock-based compensation expense for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2007, respectively. For the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2006, the Company recorded approximately $2.6 million and $6.1 million of stock-based compensation expense, respectively. As of September 30, 2007, the Company had approximately $16.2 million of total unrecognized compensation costs related to non-vested share-based employee compensation arrangements granted under the Company’s equity compensation plans.  The Company expects to recognize this cost over a weighted average period of 1.47 years.

 

During the nine months ended September 30, 2007, the Company issued 613,660 shares of its common stock in connection with the exercise of stock options, issuance of restricted stock and purchases under its Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the ESPP). During the nine months ended September 30, 2006, the Company issued 935,236 shares of its common stock in connection with the exercise of stock options, issuance of restricted stock and purchases under the ESPP. Cash received from exercise of stock options and purchases under the ESPP during the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 was approximately $9.3 million and $13.1 million, respectively, and is included in the financing activities section of the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

 

At September 30, 2007, there were 2,941,755 shares of common stock reserved for future issuance under the ESPP and for future grants under the Company’s stock incentive plan.

 

9



 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 

In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (SFAS No. 157), which defines fair value, establishes a framework for consistently measuring fair value under GAAP, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2008, and the provisions of SFAS No. 157 will be applied prospectively as of that date.

 

In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, “Establishing the Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Liabilities” (SFAS No. 159) which permits entities to elect to measure eligible financial instruments at fair value and report any unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected in earnings at each subsequent reporting date. Additionally, upon adoption of the standard, upfront costs and fees related to those items are recognized in earnings as incurred and not deferred. SFAS No. 159 applies to fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007, with early adoption permitted for an entity that has also elected to apply the provisions of SFAS No. 157.

 

The Company is currently evaluating the effect that adoption of these statements will have on the Company’s consolidated financial position and results of operations when they become effective in 2008.

 

In June 2007, the Emerging Issues Task Force issued EITF Issue 07-03, “Accounting for Advance Payments for Goods or Services to Be Used in Future Research and Development” (EITF 07-03). EITF 07-03 addresses the diversity in practice with respect to accounting for non-refundable portions of payments made by a research and development entity for future research and development activities. Under EITF 07-03, an entity would defer and capitalize non-refundable advance payments made for research and development activities until the related goods are delivered or the related services are performed. EITF 07-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2007 and interim periods within those years. The Company does not expect the adoption of EITF 07-03 to have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations.

 

Income Taxes

 

The Company provides for income taxes in accordance with SFAS No.109, “Accounting for Income Taxes” and FASB Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes - an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109” (FIN 48).

 

Uncertain tax positions are recognized in the financial statements for positions which are considered more likely than not of being sustained based on the technical merits of the position on audit by the tax authorities. The measurement of the tax benefit recognized in the financial statements is based upon the largest amount of tax benefit that, in management’s judgment, is greater than 50% likely of being realized based on a cumulative probability assessment of the possible outcomes.

 

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and income tax bases of assets and liabilities, as well as net operating loss carryforwards, and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance to reflect the uncertainty associated with ultimate realization.

 

The Company recognizes potential interest and penalties relating to income tax positions as a component of the provision for income taxes.

 

10



 

3.                                      Net (Loss)/Income per Share

 

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net (loss)/income per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006:

 

 

 

Three Months Ended September 30,

 

Nine Months Ended September  30,

 

 

 

2007

 

2006

 

2007

 

2006

 

 

 

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

 

Basic and diluted

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net (loss)/income

 

$

(23,643

)

$

10,672

 

$

(19,779

)

$

9,473

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic

 

51,808

 

50,503

 

51,703

 

50,135

 

Less: unvested restricted common shares outstanding

 

136

 

25

 

107

 

19

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net weighted average common shares outstanding, basic

 

51,672

 

50,478

 

51,596

 

50,116

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Plus: net effect of dilutive stock options and restricted common shares

 

 

636

 

 

663

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Weighted average common shares outstanding, diluted

 

51,672

 

51,114

 

51,596

 

50,779

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(Loss)/earnings per share, basic

 

$

(0.46

)

$

0.21

 

$

(0.38

)

$

0.19

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(Loss)/earnings per share, diluted

 

$

(0.46

)

$

0.21

 

$

(0.38

)

$

0.19

 

 

Basic (loss)/earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, reduced where applicable for outstanding yet unvested shares of restricted common stock.  The table below provides details of the weighted average number of outstanding options and restricted stock that were included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2007 and 2006. The number of dilutive common stock equivalents was calculated using the treasury stock method.

 

 

 

Three Months Ended
September 30,

 

Nine Months Ended
September 30,

 

 

 

2007

 

2006

 

2007

 

2006

 

 

 

(in thousands)

 

Weighted average options outstanding

 

7,519

 

7,243

 

7,289

 

7,595

 

Weighted average options included in computation of diluted (loss)/earnings per share

 

 

1,885

 

 

1,980

 

Weighted average options considered anti-dilutive and excluded from the computation of diluted (loss)/earnings per share

 

7,519

 

5,358

 

7,289

 

5,615

 

Weighted average restricted shares outstanding

 

136

 

25

 

107

 

19

 

Weighted average restricted shares included in computation of diluted (loss)/earnings per share

 

 

25

 

 

19

 

Weighted average restricted shares considered anti-dilutive and excluded from the computation of diluted (loss)/earnings per share

 

136

 

 

107

 

 

 

4.                                      Comprehensive (Loss)/Income

 

Comprehensive (loss)/income is primarily comprised of net (loss)/income, unrealized gain on available for sale securities and currency translation adjustments.   Comprehensive (loss)/income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007 and September 30, 2006 is detailed below.

 

Comprehensive Income/(Loss)

 

Three Months ended September 30,

 

Nine Months ended September 30,

 

(in thousands)

 

2007

 

2006

 

2007

 

2006

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net (loss)/income

 

$

(23,643

)

$

10,672

 

$

(19,779

)

$

9,473

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Unrealized gain on available for sale securities

 

209

 

130

 

176

 

269

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Foreign currency translation adjustment

 

6

 

1

 

23

 

24

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Comprehensive (loss)/income

 

$

(23,428

)

$

10,803

 

$

(19,580

)

$

9,766

 

 

11



 

5.             Income Taxes

 

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007, the Company recorded a tax benefit of $1.9 million and a $0.5 million provision, respectively, based on its estimated tax liability for 2007. This (benefit)/provision includes federal and state taxes based on the greater of net income or net worth and some income taxes for international jurisdictions. During the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2007, the Company incurred a loss before income taxes of $25.5 million and $19.2 million, respectively. The tax benefit of $1.9 million that the Company recorded in the three-month period ended September 30, 2007 includes a $2.2 million reversal of the deferred tax provision that the Company recorded in the six months ended June 30, 2007. The Company has not recorded a deferred tax benefit for the losses incurred in the nine months ended September 30, 2007, as the Company believes that the realization of the deferred tax assets associated with these losses is not more likely than not. The net loss incurred during the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2007 and the expected net loss for the year ending December 31, 2007 is primarily attributable to the Nycomed transaction. The Company does not believe this one-time transaction impacts its ability to realize the balance of deferred tax assets currently recorded.

 

During the three months ended December 31, 2006, the Company reduced a portion of the valuation allowances that had been recorded in prior years since the realization of these future benefits was determined to be more likely than not. The amount of the deferred tax asset considered realizable is subject to change based on estimates of future taxable income during the carryforward period. These deferred tax assets are available to offset future income taxes. Factors that could significantly impact the Company’s valuation allowance include the regulatory approval of products currently under development, extension of the patent rights relating to Angiomax or failure to achieve future anticipated revenues. Should the Company further reduce or increase the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets, a current year tax benefit or expense would be recognized and future periods would then include income taxes at a higher or lower rate than the effective rate in the period that the adjustment is made. Such amounts could be material to operating results during the period in which these adjustments are recorded. At December 31, 2006, net operating losses available to offset future taxable income for federal income tax purposes were approximately $225.0 million.  If not utilized, federal net operating loss carryforwards will expire at various dates beginning in 2011 and ending in 2023. In 1998 and 2002, the Company experienced a change in ownership as defined in Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code. Section 382 can potentially limit a company’s ability to use net operating losses, tax credits and other tax attributes in periods subsequent to a change in ownership. However, based on the market value of the Company at such dates, the Company believes that these ownership changes will not significantly impact its ability to use net operating losses or tax credits in the future to offset taxable income.

 

On January 1, 2007, the Company adopted FIN 48, which clarifies the accounting for income taxes by prescribing the minimum threshold a tax position is required to meet before being recognized in the financial statements as well as guidance on derecognition, measurement, classification and disclosure of tax positions. The adoption of FIN 48 by the Company did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operation and resulted in no cumulative effect of accounting change being recorded as of January 1, 2007. The Company does not have any net liabilities recorded related to unrecognized tax benefits at September 30, 2007 and January 1, 2007. The Company does have gross liabilities recorded of approximately $1.2 million, as of September 30, 2007 and January 1, 2007; however, the Company has not taken any tax benefits related to these liabilities due to the recognition of a valuation on its balance sheet.

 

The Company will recognize potential interest and penalties related to income tax positions as a component of the provision for income taxes on the consolidated statements of income in any future periods in which the Company must record a liability. Since the Company has not recorded a liability at September 30, 2007, there has been no impact to the Company’s effective tax rate. The Company does not anticipate that total unrecognized tax benefits will significantly change during the next twelve months. The Company is no longer subject to federal, state, or foreign income tax examinations for years prior to 2003.

 

6.                                      Nycomed Agreements

 

On July 1, 2007, the Company entered into a series of agreements with Nycomed (collectively, the Agreements) pursuant to which the Company terminated its prior distribution agreement with Nycomed and re-acquired all rights to develop, distribute and market the Company’s product Angiox in the European Union (excluding Spain, Portugal and Greece) and the former Soviet republics (collectively, the territory). Prior to entering into the Agreements, Nycomed served as the exclusive distributor of Angiox in the territory pursuant to a Sales, Marketing and Distribution Agreement, dated March 25, 2002, as amended.  The territory does not include Spain, Greece and Portugal, which are covered by another third-party distributor.

 

12



 

Pursuant to the Agreements, the Company and Nycomed agreed to transition to the Company the Angiox rights held by Nycomed. Under these arrangements, the Company assumed control of the marketing of Angiox immediately and Nycomed agreed to provide, on a transitional basis, sales operations services until the end of 2007 and product distribution services into 2008.

 

In connection with the Agreements, the Company paid Nycomed $20 million on July 2, 2007 and agreed to pay Nycomed:

 

                  $15 million on January 15, 2008;

 

                  $5 million on the earlier of June 30, 2008 or the end of the transition period; and

 

                  $5 million if the Company obtains European Commission approval to market Angiox for acute coronary syndromes by December 31, 2009, if such approval is substantially based on the results of the ACUITY clinical trial and on a positive opinion from the Committee for Human Medicinal Products given by December 31, 2008.  This $5 million approval milestone payment will be reduced by 50% of the cost of any clinical trials required to be conducted by the Company as a condition of and prior to approval.

 

The total costs associated with the reacquisition of the rights to develop, distribute and market Angiox in the European Union (excluding Spain, Portugal and Greece) and the former Soviet republics is $45.7 million. This amount includes the $5 million payment due to Nycomed if the Company obtains European Commission approval to market Angiox for acute coronary syndromes by December 31, 2009 as the Company believes that the payment is determinable beyond a reasonable doubt. The Company allocated $30.8 million as expense attributable to the termination of the prior distribution agreement and $14.9 million to intangible assets.

 

Under the terms of the transitional distribution agreement with Nycomed, upon the sale by Nycomed to third parties of vials of Angiox purchased by Nycomed from the Company prior to July 1, 2007 (the existing inventory), Nycomed will pay the Company a specified percentage of Nycomed’s net sales of Angiox, less the amount previously paid by Nycomed to the Company for the existing inventory. Upon termination of the transitional distribution agreement, if Nycomed has any existing inventory remaining, the Company has agreed to purchase the existing inventory from Nycomed at the price paid by Nycomed to the Company for such inventory. As of September 30, 2007, the Company estimates that all of the existing inventory will be sold by Nycomed prior to the termination of the transitional distribution agreement. If all existing inventory is sold prior to termination of the transitional distribution agreement, the Company will ship additional vials of Angiox to Nycomed based on anticipated demand for Angiox in the territory for the remaining term of the transitional distribution agreement.  Nycomed will not pay for these vials until they are sold and no revenue will be recognized until such time.

 

Under the services agreement the Company entered into with Nycomed, Nycomed has agreed to perform detailing and other selling, sales management, product/marketing management, medical advisor, international marketing and certain pharmacovigilance services in accordance with an agreed upon marketing plan through December 31, 2007. The Company has agreed to pay Nycomed’s personnel costs, plus an agreed upon markup, for the performance of the services, in accordance with a budget detailed by country and function.  In addition, the Company has agreed to pay Nycomed’s costs, in accordance with a specified budget, for performing specified promotional activities during the term of the services agreement. These amounts have been included in Selling, general and administrative expense on the condensed consolidated statements of operations as the Company receives an identifiable benefit from these services and can reasonably estimate their fair value. For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, the Company recorded $3.5 million of costs related to the services agreement with Nycomed.

 

During the three months ended September 30, 2007, the Company recorded approximately $30.8 million as expense attributable to the termination of the prior distribution agreement with Nycomed. The $30.8 million expense was offset in part by the write-off of approximately $2.7 million of deferred revenue, which amount represented the unamortized portion of deferred revenue related to milestone payments received from Nycomed in 2004 and 2002. Such amounts are included in Selling, general and administrative expense on the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007. The Company allocated approximately $14.9 million of the costs associated with the re-acquisition of the rights to develop, distribute and market Angiox in the European Union to intangible assets. These intangible assets are being amortized over the remaining patent life of Angiox, which expires in 2015. The period in which amortization expense will be recorded reflects the pattern in which the economic benefits of the intangible assets are expected to be consumed.

 

13



 

The components of intangible assets, net are as follows:

 

 

 

September 30, 2007

 

 

 

Gross 
Carrying 
Amount

 

Accumulated 
Amortization

 

Net Carrying 
Amount

 

 

 

(in thousands)

 

Amortizing intangible assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Customer relationships

 

$

7,457

 

$

 

$

7,457

 

Distribution agreement

 

4,448

 

 

4,448

 

Trademarks

 

3,024

 

 

3,024

 

Total

 

$

14,929

 

$

 

$

14,929

 

 

The Company does not expect to record amortization expense in fiscal 2007 as it believes that the economic benefits that it will receive from the intangible assets will begin in 2008. The Company expects annual amortization expense related to these intangible assets to be $0.6 million, $1.1 million, $1.7 million, $2.3 million and $2.3 million for the years ending December 31, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively, with the balance of $6.9 million being amortized  thereafter. Such amounts will be recorded in Selling, general and administrative expense on the consolidated statements of operations.

 

7.                                      Contingencies

 

The Company may be, from time to time, a party to various disputes and claims arising from normal business activities. In accordance with SFAS No. 5, “Accounting for Contingencies”, the Company accrues for loss contingencies when information available indicates that it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of such loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company believes that the ultimate resolution of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition or liquidity. However, adjustments, if any, to the Company’s estimates could be material to operating results for the periods in which adjustments to the liability are recorded.

 

14



 

Item 2.   Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our financial statements and accompanying notes included elsewhere in this quarterly report. In addition to the historical information, the discussion in this quarterly report contains certain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated by the forward-looking statements due to our critical accounting estimates discussed below and important factors set forth in this quarterly report, including under “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A of this quarterly report.

 

Overview

 

We are a pharmaceutical company providing innovative, cost effective acute care hospital products to the worldwide hospital marketplace. We have one marketed product, Angiomax® (bivalirudin), and two products in late-stage development, Cleviprex™ (clevidipine butyrate injectable emulsion) and cangrelor. We market Angiomax to interventional cardiology customers for its approved uses in percutaneous coronary intervention, or PCI, including in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis syndrome, or HIT/HITTS. We market and sell Angiomax in the United States with a sales force, as of September 30, 2007, of 130 representatives and managers experienced in selling to hospital customers. To date, in the European Union and other foreign jurisdictions, we have sold Angiomax to third-party distributors that market and distribute the product to hospitals. Our revenues to date have been generated principally from sales of Angiomax in the United States.

 

In 2005, we received approvals from the FDA for new prescribing information for Angiomax. In June 2005, the FDA approved new prescribing information for Angiomax to also include patients undergoing PCI, in addition to those undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, or PTCA. The expanded label also includes a new Angiomax dosing recommendation, which is the same dose used in our REPLACE-2 clinical trial. In November 2005, the FDA approved the expansion of the label to include PCI patients with or at risk of HIT/HITTS, a complication of heparin administration that can result in limb amputation, multi-organ failure and death. We are currently developing Angiomax for use in additional patient populations. In September 2004, we received authorization from the European Commission to market Angiomax as Angiox® (bivalirudin) in the member states of the European Union for use as an anticoagulant in combination with aspirin in patients undergoing PCI, and our international distributors have sold Angiox in countries in Europe since that time. In December 2006, we submitted an application to the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medical Products, or EMEA, and in July 2007, we submitted a supplemental new drug application (sNDA) to the FDA, seeking approval of an additional indication for Angiomax, for the treatment of patients with acute coronary syndromes based on the results of our Phase III ACUITY trial, which studied Angiomax use in patients presenting to the emergency department with acute coronary syndromes. In September 2007, the FDA accepted this application to file. Angiomax is also approved for sale in Australia, Canada and countries in Central America, South America and the Middle East for indications similar to those approved by the FDA. In July 2007, Canadian health authorities approved the use of Angiomax in Canada for the treatment of patients with HIT/HITTS undergoing cardiac surgery.

 

The FDA has issued a written request for a pediatric study of Angiomax which we have accepted. If we perform the study and submit the study report on or before September 30, 2009, and the FDA accepts the report, then FDA will not, in most circumstances, approve another company’s application that relies on FDA’s finding of safety and effectiveness for Angiomax until six months after the date Angiomax’s listed patent expires.

 

In evaluating our operating performance, we focus on use of Angiomax by existing hospital customers, as well as penetration to new hospitals, which are critical elements of our ability to increase revenues. In 2005, we expanded our sales force and increased our marketing capabilities. We believe that our improved sales and marketing capabilities, and the expansion of our product label, has and will continue to allow us to more effectively serve our existing customers and penetrate new hospitals.

 

In March 2007, we entered into an agreement with a third party to distribute Angiomax in the United States through a sole source distribution model. Under this model, we sell Angiomax to our sole source distributor, which then sells Angiomax to a limited number of national medical and pharmaceutical wholesalers with distribution centers located throughout the United States and, in certain cases, directly to hospitals. In both instances, the sole source distributor ships Angiomax directly to hospitals. Prior to adopting this sole source distribution model, we sold Angiomax to these wholesalers directly and these wholesalers then sold Angiomax to hospitals. We began selling Angiomax under this revised distribution system during the quarter ended March 31, 2007, and we believe that it has provided us with improved data on hospital

 

15



 

buying patterns. Outside the United States, we sell Angiomax to several international distributors which then sell Angiomax to hospitals.

 

In 2005, we agreed with our largest wholesalers at the time to enter into fee-for-service arrangements. We believe that these arrangements resulted in reductions in wholesaler inventories, improved margins, more predictable buying patterns and more frequent data on wholesaler inventory levels and hospital demand. We estimate that during the last two quarters of 2005 and the first quarter of 2006 combined, our three largest wholesalers at the time reduced their aggregate Angiomax inventory levels by approximately $39.0 million.

 

Research and development expenses represent costs incurred for product acquisition, clinical trials, and activities relating to regulatory filings and manufacturing development efforts. We outsource much of our clinical trials and all of our manufacturing development activities to third parties to maximize efficiency and minimize our internal overhead. We expense our research and development costs as they are incurred. Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and related expenses, general corporate activities and costs associated with marketing and promotional activities. Research and development expenses and selling, general and administrative expenses also include stock-based compensation expense, which we allocate based on the responsibilities of the recipients of the stock-based compensation.

 

Except for 2004 and 2006, we have incurred losses on an annual basis since inception and we do not expect to be profitable in 2007 primarily as a result of the Nycomed transaction. We expect to continue to spend significant amounts on the development of our products. We plan to continue to invest in clinical studies to expand the approved indications for Angiomax and to continue to develop Cleviprex and cangrelor. We also plan to continue our sales and marketing programs to promote Angiomax, and to support programs to educate and inform physicians, nurses, pharmacists and other medical decision makers about Angiomax. In July 2007, we submitted a new drug application, or NDA, to the FDA for approval to market Cleviprex for patients receiving an intravenous antihypertensive agent in the acute care setting when oral therapy is not desirable or feasible. In September 2007, the FDA accepted this NDA to file.  We intend to expand our sales force in the first half of 2008 and to increase our sales and marketing costs relating to Cleviprex in preparation for the anticipated launch of Cleviprex. In addition, we expect to spend significant amounts on the development of our business infrastructure outside the United States. In light of these activities and our plan to continue to evaluate possible acquisitions of development-stage products, approved products, or businesses that fit within our growth strategy, we will likely need to generate greater revenues to achieve and maintain profitability.

 

On July 1, 2007, we entered into a series of agreements with Nycomed (collectively, the Agreements) pursuant to which we terminated the prior distribution agreement with Nycomed and re-acquired all rights to develop, distribute and market our product Angiox in the European Union (excluding Spain, Portugal and Greece) and the former Soviet republics (collectively, the territory). Prior to entering into the Agreements, Nycomed served as the exclusive distributor of Angiox in the territory pursuant to a Sales, Marketing and Distribution Agreement, dated March 25, 2002, as amended.  The territory does not include Spain, Greece and Portugal, which are covered by another third-party distributor. Pursuant to the Agreements, we and Nycomed agreed to transition the Angiox rights held by Nycomed to us. Under these arrangements, we assumed control of the marketing of Angiox immediately and Nycomed agreed to provide, on a transitional basis, sales operations services until the end of 2007 and product distribution services into 2008.

 

In connection with the Agreements, we paid Nycomed $20 million on July 2, 2007 and agreed to pay Nycomed:

 

                  $15 million on January 15, 2008;

 

                  $5 million on the earlier of June 30, 2008 or the end of the transition period; and

 

                  $5 million if we obtain European Commission approval to market Angiox for acute coronary syndromes by December 31, 2009, if such approval is substantially based on the results of the ACUITY clinical trial and on a positive opinion from the Committee for Human Medicinal Products given by December 31, 2008.  This $5 million approval milestone payment will be reduced by 50% of the cost of any clinical trials we are required to conduct as a condition of and prior to approval.

 

The total costs associated with the reacquisition of the rights to develop, distribute and market Angiox in the European Union (excluding Spain, Portugal and Greece) and the former Soviet republics is $45.7 million. This amount includes the $5 million payment due to Nycomed if we obtain European Commission approval to market Angiox for acute coronary syndromes by December 31, 2009 as we believe that the payment is determinable beyond a reasonable doubt. We allocated $30.8 million as expense attributable to the termination of the prior distribution agreement and $14.9 million to intangible assets.

 

16



 

Under the terms of the transitional distribution agreement with Nycomed, upon the sale by Nycomed to third parties of vials of Angiox purchased by Nycomed from us prior to July 1, 2007 (the existing inventory), Nycomed will pay us a specified percentage of Nycomed’s net sales of Angiox, less the amount previously paid by Nycomed to us for the existing inventory. Upon termination of the transitional distribution agreement, if Nycomed has any existing inventory remaining, we have agreed to purchase the existing inventory from Nycomed at the price paid by Nycomed to us for such inventory. As of September 30, 2007, we estimate that all of the existing inventory will be sold by Nycomed prior to the termination of the transitional distribution agreement. If all existing inventory is sold prior to termination of the transitional distribution agreement, we will ship additional vials of Angiox to Nycomed based on anticipated demand for Angiox in the territory for the remaining term of the transitional distribution agreement.  Nycomed will not pay for these vials until they are sold and no revenue will be recognized until such time.

 

Under the services agreement we entered into with Nycomed, Nycomed has agreed to perform detailing and other selling, sales management, product/marketing management, medical advisor, international marketing and certain pharmacovigilance services in accordance with an agreed upon marketing plan through December 31, 2007. We have agreed to pay Nycomed’s personnel costs, plus an agreed upon markup, for the performance of the services, in accordance with a budget detailed by country and function.  In addition, we have agreed to pay Nycomed’s costs, in accordance with a specified budget, for performing specified promotional activities during the term of the services agreement. These amounts have been included in Selling, general and administrative expense on the condensed consolidated statements of operations as we receive an identifiable benefit from these services and can reasonably estimate their fair values. For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, we recorded $3.5 million of costs related to the services agreement with Nycomed.

 

During the three months ended September 30, 2007, we recorded approximately $30.8 million as expense attributable to the termination of the prior distribution agreement with Nycomed. The $30.8 million expense was offset in part by the write-off of approximately $2.7 million of deferred revenue, which amount represented the unamortized portion of deferred revenue related to milestone payments received from Nycomed in 2004 and 2002. Such amounts were included in Selling, general and administrative expense on the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007.

 

To support the marketing efforts of Angiox, we are taking the necessary steps to develop our business infrastructure outside the United States. We have conducted market research to examine the number of PCI procedures performed globally and to identify key opinion leaders on a global basis. Additionally, to support our future products, Cleviprex and cangrelor, we plan to enhance our development, sales and marketing capabilities on a global basis, with European operations being our initial focus.

 

Application of Critical Accounting Estimates

 

The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect our reported assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and other financial information. Actual results may differ significantly from these estimates under different assumptions and conditions. In addition, our reported financial condition and results of operations could vary due to a change in the application of a particular accounting standard.

 

We regard an accounting estimate or assumption underlying our financial statements as a “critical accounting estimate” where:

 

       the nature of the estimate or assumption is material due to the level of subjectivity and judgment necessary to account for highly uncertain matters or the susceptibility of such matters to change; and

 

       the impact of the estimates and assumptions on financial condition or operating performance is material.

 

On January 1, 2007, we adopted FIN 48, which provides recognition criteria and a related measurement model for tax positions taken by companies. In accordance with FIN 48, a tax position is a position in a previously filed tax return or a position expected to be taken in a future tax filing that is reflected in measuring current or deferred income tax assets and liabilities. We recognize tax positions only when it is more likely than not (likelihood of greater than 50%), based on technical merits, that the position will be sustained upon examination. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured using a probability weighted approach as the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement. Whether the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is met for a tax

 

17



 

position is a matter of judgment based on the individual facts and circumstances of that position evaluated in light of all available evidence.

 

Under the terms of the transitional distribution agreement with Nycomed, we are entitled to receive a specified percentage of Nycomed’s net sales of Angiox to third parties. In the event these sales are of Angiox purchased by Nycomed from us prior to July 1, 2007, the amount that we are entitled to receive is reduced by the amount previously paid by Nycomed to us for such product. Accordingly, we do not recognize revenue related to the transitional distribution agreement with Nycomed until the product is sold by Nycomed to a hospital customer. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007, we recorded $1.2 million of net revenue from sales made by Nycomed of approximately $2.7 million under the transitional distribution agreement. Such amounts were recorded as revenue from collaborations and are included in Net revenue on our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

 

Our significant accounting policies are more fully described in note 2 of the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements section of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q and note 2 of the Consolidated Financial Statements in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006.  However, not all of these significant accounting policies require that we make estimates and assumptions that we believe are “critical accounting estimates.”  We have discussed our accounting policies with the audit committee of our board of directors, and we believe that our estimates relating to revenue recognition, inventory, income taxes and stock based compensation described under the caption “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Application of Critical Accounting Estimates” in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006 are “critical accounting estimates.”

 

Results of Operations

 

Three Months Ended September 30, 2007 and 2006

 

Net Revenue.   Net revenue increased 4% to $62.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007 as compared to $59.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006. The following table reflects the components of net revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006:

 

Net Revenue

 

 

 

Three Months Ended September 30,

 

Net Revenue

 

2007

 

% of Total 
Revenue

 

2006

 

% of Total 
Revenue

 

 

 

(in thousands)

 

 

 

(in thousands)

 

 

 

Angiomax

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

United States sales

 

$

60,730

 

98

%

$

55,650

 

93

%

International sales

 

305

 

0

%

3,444

 

6

%

Reimbursement

 

 

0

%

486

 

1

%

Revenue from collaborations, net

 

1,156

 

2

%

 

0

%

Total Net Revenue

 

$

62,191

 

100

%

$

59,580

 

100

%

 

Net revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2007 increased compared to the three months ended September 30, 2006 primarily due to increased sales of Angiomax in the United States. The increase in sales was offset by a decrease in sales to our international distributors.

 

In the United States, sales increased by $5.1 million, or 9.1%, as a result of the 8% price increases we implemented in both January and August 2007.

 

The decrease of $3.1 million in international sales in the three months ended September 30, 2007 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2006 primarily resulted from a curtailment of orders from Nycomed, our European distributor, during the three months ended September 30, 2007. We do not expect Nycomed to order any additional product in the fourth quarter of 2007. For the three months ended September 30, 2007, we recognized as revenue from collaborations approximately $1.2 million of net revenue from sales made by Nycomed of approximately $2.7 million under the transitional distribution agreement. Under the terms of our transitional distribution agreement with Nycomed, upon the sale by Nycomed of vials of Angiox to third parties, Nycomed will pay us a specified percentage of Nycomed’s net sales of Angiox, less the amount previously paid by Nycomed to us for the existing inventory.

 

18



 

In the three months ended September 30, 2006, we recognized $0.1 million of international revenue from the amortization of $4.0 million of milestone payments received from Nycomed in 2004 and 2002. We recorded these milestone payments as deferred revenue in 2004 and 2002, and recognized them as revenue ratably over the remaining life of the Angiox patent. As a result of our new arrangements with Nycomed, we wrote-off approximately $2.7 million of deferred revenue, which amount represented the unamortized portion of deferred revenue related to milestone payments received from Nycomed in 2004 and 2002. The write-off of approximately $2.7 million was recorded in Selling, general and administrative expense on our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

 

In the three months ended September 30, 2007, we did not generate any reimbursement revenue, compared to reimbursement revenue of $0.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006.  We generated this revenue during the three months ended September 30, 2006 in connection with the performance of services in collaboration with a third party under a contract research agreement. We do not expect to incur any additional fees under this arrangement in 2007 and therefore do not expect to record any associated reimbursement revenues.

 

Cost of Revenue.   As shown in the table below, cost of revenue during the three months ended September 30, 2007 was $16.2 million, or 26% of net revenue, compared to $14.3 million, or 24% of net revenue, for the three months ended September 30, 2006. Cost of revenue consisted of expenses in connection with the manufacture of Angiomax sold, royalty expenses under our agreements with Biogen Idec and Health Research Inc. and the logistics costs of selling Angiomax, such as distribution, storage and handling.

 

Cost of Revenue

 

 

 

Three Months Ended September 30,

 

Cost of Revenue

 

2007

 

% of Total 
Cost

 

2006

 

% of Total 
Cost

 

 

 

(in thousands)

 

 

 

(in thousands)

 

 

 

Manufacturing

 

$

5,230

 

33

%

$

5,102

 

35

%

Royalty

 

9,583

 

59

%

7,719

 

54

%

Logistics

 

1,344

 

8

%

1,521

 

11

%

Total Cost of Revenue

 

$

16,157

 

100

%

$

14,342

 

100

%

 

The increase in cost of revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2007 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2006 resulted primarily from an increase in royalty expenses due to a higher expected annual sales volume and a higher effective royalty rate under our agreement with Biogen Idec.

 

Research and Development Expenses.   Research and development expenses increased by 18% to $18.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007, from $15.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006. The increase in research and development expenses resulted primarily from increased investment in the cangrelor program, which was offset in part by reduced expenditures in connection with the development of Angiomax.

 

The following table identifies, for each of our major research and development projects, our spending for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006. Spending for past periods is not necessarily indicative of spending in future periods.

 

19



 

Research and Development Spending

 

 

 

Three Months Ended September 30,

 

Research and Development

 

2007

 

% of 
Total R&D

 

2006

 

% of 
Total R&D

 

 

 

(in thousands)

 

 

 

(in thousands)

 

 

 

Angiomax

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Clinical trials

 

$

865

 

5

%

$

2,874

 

18

%

Manufacturing development

 

219

 

1

%

1,238

 

8

%

Administrative and headcount costs

 

1,251

 

7

%

578

 

4

%

Total Angiomax

 

2,335

 

13

%

4,690

 

30

%

Cleviprex

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Clinical trials

 

835

 

4

%

2,842

 

18

%

Manufacturing development

 

558

 

3

%

267

 

1

%

Administrative and headcount costs

 

3,411

 

18

%

1,100

 

7

%

Total Cleviprex

 

4,804

 

25

%

4,209

 

26

%

Cangrelor

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Clinical trials

 

7,585

 

40

%

3,688

 

23

%

Manufacturing development

 

1,252

 

7

%

302

 

2

%

Administrative and headcount costs

 

949

 

5

%

811

 

5

%

Total Cangrelor

 

9,786

 

52

%

4,801

 

30

%

Other

 

1,816

 

10

%

2,167

 

14

%

Total

 

$

18,741

 

100

%

$

15,867

 

100

%

 

Angiomax

 

Research and development spending related to Angiomax in the three months ended September 30, 2007 continued to decrease significantly due to a decrease in clinical trial expenses reflecting the completion in 2006 of our 13,819 patient Phase III ACUITY trial. Expenses incurred in the three months ended September 30, 2006 included expenses related to the collection of 12-month patient follow-up results in the Phase III ACUITY trial. We continued to have research and development expenses during the three months ended September 30, 2007 for ACUITY relating primarily to data analysis, but at significantly reduced rates to those incurred in the three months ended September 30, 2006. In July 2007, we submitted an sNDA to the FDA seeking approval of an additional indication for Angiomax for the treatment of patients with acute coronary syndromes based on the results of our Phase III ACUITY trial. This application was accepted to file in September 2007.

 

We also continued to incur research and development expense relating to Angiomax in connection with our efforts to expand the indications for which Angiomax is approved. In October 2006, we received a non-approvable letter from the FDA in connection with our application to market Angiomax in patients with or at risk of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis syndrome, or HIT/HITTS, undergoing cardiac surgery. In the letter, the FDA stated that it does not consider the data we submitted in support of the application adequate to support approval for this indication because it did not consider the evidence used to qualify patients for inclusion in the trials as a persuasive indicator for the risk of HIT/HITTS. We have indicated to the FDA that we are evaluating potential next steps. In July 2007, Canadian health authorities approved the use of Angiomax in Canada for the treatment of patients with HIT/HITTS undergoing cardiac surgery.

 

We have begun a study of Angiomax in the pediatric setting in connection with the written request we received from the FDA. The study consists of a single trial to clarify the pediatric dose that provides a pharmacodynamic response equivalent to that observed in the adult population at the approved adult dose. For the three months ended September 30, 2007, we enrolled 37 patients for the pediatric study and incurred $0.5 million in trial related expense. We expect to enroll a total of 75 patients in this pediatric study. We are also supporting an investigator-initiated trial called HORIZONS to study Angiomax use in adult acute myocardial infarction, or AMI, patients. HORIZONS is designed to evaluate whether Angiomax with provisional use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa, or GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors, is as safe and effective as heparin with planned use of GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors in AMI patients. In October 2007, the principal investigators of the clinical trial announced that the results of HORIZONS at 30 days were that Angiomax had a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of:  net adverse clinical events, a composite of major adverse cardiac events or major bleeding, by 24%; major bleeding by 40%; and cardiac-related mortality by 38%. In addition, at 30 days Angiomax demonstrated comparable rates of major adverse cardiac events.

 

20



 

For the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, we incurred $0.0 million and $1.3 million, respectively, related to the HORIZONS study.

 

While we expect spending for Angiomax to continue to decrease as a percentage of our research and development expense, we also anticipate incurring additional expenses of approximately $6.0 million in the three months ended December 31, 2007 for milestones related to the HORIZONS study.

 

Cleviprex

 

Research and development expenditures for Cleviprex increased $0.6 million during the three months ended September 30, 2007 compared to the same period in 2006. In July 2007, we submitted our NDA for Cleviprex for approval to market Cleviprex for patients receiving an intravenous antihypertensive agent in the acute care setting when oral therapy is not desirable or feasible. The FDA accepted this NDA to file in September 2007.

 

In the three months ended September 30, 2007, expenditures for Cleviprex clinical trials decreased by $2.0 million. The decrease is primarily a result of the completion of three Phase III 500-patient clinical trials of Cleviprex in 2006. These trials, known as the ECLIPSE trials, evaluated the safety of Cleviprex in comparison to sodium nitroprusside, nicardipine and nitroglycerine during and following cardiac surgery.

 

Our expenditures in connection with the development of the processes to manufacture Cleviprex for commercial sale, if and when Cleviprex is approved for sale by the FDA, increased to $0.6 million during the three months ended September 30, 2007 as compared to $0.3 million during the three months ended September 30, 2006, primarily as a result of increased costs in connection with the expensing of validation materials.

 

Cleviprex administrative and headcount costs increased by approximately $2.3 million from $1.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006 to $3.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007. The majority of the increase relates to milestone payments made to Astra Zeneca under our license agreement for Cleviprex in connection with the Cleviprex NDA submission. Expenses related to the preparation of the NDA remained relatively consistent compared to the expenses related to the preparation of the NDA incurred during the three months ended September 30, 2006.

 

We expect research and development expenses for Cleviprex in the remainder of 2007 will primarily include costs associated with manufacturing, and anticipated Phase IIIb trials of Cleviprex, along with an observational study and clinical survey on characteristics of patients with acute, severe hypertension and treatment practices for acute severe hypertension conducted by third-party researchers.

 

Cangrelor

 

We are developing cangrelor for potential use as an antiplatelet agent in the acute care settings of the cardiac catheterization laboratory, the operating room and/or the emergency department. Research and development expenditures related to cangrelor increased from the three months ended September 30, 2006 to the three months ended September 30, 2007 as a result of two pivotal Phase III clinical trials that we continue to conduct for the evaluation of cangrelor’s effectiveness and safety in preventing ischemic events in patients who require PCI. In March 2006, we commenced enrollment of approximately 9,000 patients in our CHAMPION-PCI trial, one of the two pivotal trials in our Phase III program which we designed to evaluate whether use of intravenous cangrelor is superior to use of clopidrogrel tablets in patients undergoing PCI. We commenced enrollment in October 2006 of a second trial, called CHAMPION-PLATFORM, which compares cangrelor plus usual care to placebo plus usual care in patients who require PCI. We currently expect to enroll approximately 6,500 patients in this trial.

 

We had enrolled approximately 4,500 patients in CHAMPION-PCI and approximately 1,500 patients in CHAMPION-PLATFORM at September 30, 2007. We plan to enroll in excess of 7,000 patients in the aggregate in these trials by the end of 2007 and expect to complete patient enrollment in both trials in 2008.

 

Other

 

Spending in this category consists of infrastructure costs in support of our product development efforts, which includes expenses for data management, statistical analysis, analysis of pre-clinical data, analysis of PK/PD data and product safety as well as expenses related to business development activities. In the three months ended September

 

21



 

30, 2007, spending remained at approximately the same levels compared to the three months ended September 30, 2006.

 

In order to support the continued development of Angiomax, Cleviprex and cangrelor, we expect our research and development expenses will continue to increase in the fourth quarter of 2007 from 2006 levels. We expect this increase in research and development expenses to be primarily attributable to costs associated with enrollment of our ongoing Phase III clinical trials for cangrelor, the CHAMPION- PCI trial,  the CHAMPION-PLATFORM trial, milestones related to the HORIZONS study and additional manufacturing development costs for Cleviprex and cangrelor. We also anticipate that stock-based compensation expense included in research and development expenses will increase in 2007 as compared to 2006, as a result of anticipated stock option grants to new and current employees.

 

Our success in expanding the approved indications for Angiomax, or developing and obtaining marketing approval for Cleviprex and cangrelor, is highly uncertain. In particular, estimating our future levels of spending on development of Angiomax is uncertain following completion of the ACUITY trial. We cannot predict expenses associated with ongoing data analysis or regulatory submissions, if any. Nor can we reasonably estimate or know the nature, timing and estimated costs of the efforts necessary to complete the development of, or the period in which material net cash inflows are expected to commence from, either Cleviprex or cangrelor due to the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with developing drugs, including the uncertainty of:

 

       the scope, rate of progress and cost of our clinical trials and other research and development activities;

 

       future clinical trial results;

 

       the terms and timing of any collaborative, licensing and other arrangements that we may establish;

 

       the cost and timing of regulatory approvals;

 

       the cost and timing of establishing sales, marketing and distribution capabilities;

 

       the cost of establishing clinical and commercial supplies of our product candidates;

 

       the effect of competing technological and market developments; and

 

       the cost of filing, prosecuting, defending and enforcing any patent claims and other intellectual property rights.

 

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses.   Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $35.2 million to $55.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007, from $20.3 million for the same period in 2006. The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses primarily related to the termination of the prior distribution agreement with Nycomed and our reacquisition of all the rights to develop, distribute and market Angiox in the European Union (excluding Spain, Portugal and Greece) and the former Soviet republics. In the three months ended September 30, 2007, we recorded $30.8 million of expense attributable to the termination of the prior distribution agreement with Nycomed. The $30.8 million expense was offset by the write-off of approximately $2.7 million of deferred revenue, which amount represented the unamortized portion of deferred revenue related to milestone payments received from Nycomed in 2004 and 2002. In the three months ended September 30, 2007, we incurred approximately $2.0 million of external consulting fees related to our global expansion and $3.5 million of additional costs related to the Nycomed transition services agreement. The additional costs related to the transition services agreement include reimbursements to Nycomed for selling, management, marketing and certain personnel costs. The remaining increase of Selling, general and administrative expense primarily relates to an increase of stock-based compensation expense.

 

We expect selling, general and administrative expenses to increase in 2007 from 2006 levels primarily due to Cleviprex-related pre-launch expenditures, continued promotional spending on Angiomax, expenses for sales operations and product distribution services in connection with our revised agreement with Nycomed and our planned global expansion, with European operations being our initial focus.

 

We also expect total stock-based compensation expense included in selling, general and administrative expenses to increase in 2007 as compared to 2006 as a result of anticipated stock option grants to new and current employees.

 

22



 

Other Income.   Other income, which is primarily comprised of interest income, increased approximately 30% to $2.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007, from $2.0 million for the comparable period in 2006. The increase in other income of $0.7 million was primarily due to higher rates of return on our available for sale securities in 2007, combined with higher levels of cash to invest.

 

Provision for Income Tax.   The benefit from income taxes is $1.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007, compared to a $0.4 million provision for taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2006. The benefit is based on a loss before income taxes of $25.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007. The tax benefit of $1.9 million included a $2.2. million reversal of the deferred tax provision that we recorded in the six months ended June 30, 2007. We have not recognized a benefit beyond the deferred tax provision recorded in the first two quarters since the future recognition of this deferred tax asset is not currently considered more likely than not for these additional deferred tax assets. This resulted in an effective tax rate of 7.4% for the three months ended September 30, 2007.

 

The net loss incurred during the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2007 and the expected net loss for the year ending December 31, 2007 is primarily attributable to the Nycomed transaction. We do not believe this one-time transaction impacts our ability to realize the balance of deferred tax assets currently recorded. However, we plan to continue to evaluate the realizability of our deferred tax assets and liabilities on a periodic basis, and will adjust such amounts in light of changing facts and circumstances, including, but not limited to, future projections of taxable income, tax legislation, rulings by relevant tax authorities and the progress of ongoing tax audits. Factors that could significantly impact our valuation allowance include the regulatory approval of products currently under development, acquisitions of products and/or companies, extension of the patent rights relating to Angiomax or failure to achieve future anticipated revenues. If we further reduce or increase the valuation allowance of deferred tax assets in future periods, we would recognize a tax benefit or expense. Such amounts could be material to operating results during the period in which these adjustments are recorded.

 

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007 and 2006

 

Net Revenue.   Net revenue increased 21% to $185.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007, as compared to $153.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006. The following table reflects the components of net revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006:

 

Net Revenue

 

 

 

Nine Months Ended September 30,

 

Net Revenue

 

2007

 

% of Total 
Revenue

 

2006

 

% of Total 
Revenue

 

 

 

(in thousands)

 

 

 

(in thousands)

 

 

 

Angiomax

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

United States Sales

 

$

182,210

 

98

%

$

141,732

 

92

%

International Sales

 

1,871

 

1

%

10,078

 

7

%

Reimbursement

 

 

0

%

1,785

 

1

%

Revenue from collaborations, net

 

1,156

 

1

%

 

0

%

Total Net Revenue

 

$

185,237

 

100

%

$

153,595

 

100

%

 

Net revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 increased compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2006 primarily as a result of the 8% price increases we implemented in both January and August of 2007, as well as increased demand by existing hospital customers and the addition of new hospital customers. The increase also reflected the completion in the first quarter of 2006 of the three-quarter wholesaler inventory reduction which commenced in the third quarter of 2005 in conjunction with the entrance into fee-for-service agreements with our three largest wholesalers at the time.  We estimate that our wholesalers reduced their aggregate inventories of Angiomax during the last two quarters of 2005 and the first quarter of 2006 by approximately $39.0 million in implementing the planned inventory reduction, including an estimated $13.0 million reduction in the first quarter of 2006.

 

The decrease of $8.2 million in international sales in the nine months ended September 30, 2007 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2006 primarily resulted from a curtailment of orders from Nycomed, our European distributor, during the nine months ended September 30, 2007. We do not expect Nycomed to order any product in the fourth quarter of 2007. For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, we recognized as revenue from collaborations approximately $1.2 million of net revenue from sales made by Nycomed of approximately $2.7 million under the transitional distribution agreement. Under the terms of our transitional distribution agreement with Nycomed, upon the sale by Nycomed to third parties of vials of Angiox, Nycomed will pay us a specified percentage of Nycomed’s net sales of Angiox, less the amount previously paid by Nycomed to us for the existing inventory.

 

23



 

We recognized $0.2 million of international revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 from the amortization of milestone payments related to $4.0 million in non-refundable fees received from Nycomed. We recorded these milestone payments as deferred revenue in 2004 and 2002, and recognized them ratably over the remaining life of the Angiox patent. As a result of our new arrangements with Nycomed, we wrote-off approximately $2.7 million of deferred revenue, which amount represented the unamortized portion of deferred revenue related to milestone payments received from Nycomed in 2004 and 2002.

 

In the nine months ended September 30, 2007, we did not generate any reimbursement revenue, compared to reimbursement revenue of $1.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006.  We generated this revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2006 in connection with the performance of services in collaboration with a third party under a contract research agreement.

 

Cost of Revenue.   Cost of revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2007 was $49.0 million, or 26% of net revenue, compared to $38.3 million, or 25% of net revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2006. Cost of revenue during these periods consisted of expenses in connection with the manufacture of Angiomax sold, royalty expenses under our agreements with Biogen Idec and Health Research Inc. and the logistics costs of selling Angiomax, such as distribution, storage, and handling.

 

Cost of Revenue

 

 

 

Nine Months Ended September 30,

 

Cost of Revenue

 

2007

 

% of Total 
Cost

 

2006

 

% of Total 
Cost

 

 

 

(in thousands)

 

 

 

(in thousands)

 

 

 

Manufacturing

 

$

14,939

 

30

%

$

13,738

 

36

%

Royalty

 

29,780

 

61

%

19,995

 

52

%

Logistics

 

4,312

 

9

%

4,558

 

12

%

Total Cost of Revenue

 

$

49,031

 

100

%

$

38,291

 

100

%

 

The increase in cost of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2006 resulted primarily from an increase in royalty expenses due to a higher expected annual sales volume and a higher effective royalty rate under our agreement with Biogen Idec. Cost for manufacturing increased by $1.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2006 primarily due to an increase in net revenue.

 

Research and Development Expenses.   Research and development expenses increased by 22% to $53.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007, from $44.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006. The increase in research and development expenses resulted primarily from increased investment in our Cleviprex and cangrelor development programs, which was offset in part by decreased expenditures in connection with the development of Angiomax.

 

The following table identifies, for each of our major research and development projects, our spending for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006. Spending for past periods is not necessarily indicative of spending in future periods.

 

24



 

Research and Development Spending

 

 

 

Nine Months Ended September 30,

 

Research and Development

 

2007

 

% of 
Total R&D

 

2006

 

% of 
Total R&D

 

 

 

(in thousands)

 

 

 

(in thousands)

 

 

 

Angiomax

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Clinical trials

 

$

3,354

 

6

%

$

11,802

 

26

%

Manufacturing development

 

384

 

1

%

1,389

 

3

%

Administrative and headcount costs

 

3,556

 

7

%

1,591

 

4

%

Total Angiomax

 

7,294

 

14

%

14,782

 

33

%

Cleviprex

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Clinical trials

 

2,023

 

4

%

7,257

 

16

%

Manufacturing development

 

2,675

 

5

%

879

 

2

%

Administrative and headcount costs

 

7,883

 

14

%

2,561

 

6

%

Total Cleviprex

 

12,581

 

23

%

10,697

 

24

%

Cangrelor

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Clinical trials

 

22,223

 

41

%

7,503

 

17

%

Manufacturing development

 

3,282

 

6

%

1,479

 

3

%

Administrative and headcount costs

 

2,819

 

5

%

2,608

 

6

%

Total Cangrelor

 

28,324

 

52

%

11,590

 

26

%

Other

 

5,749

 

11

%

7,324

 

17

%

Total

 

$

53,948

 

100

%

$

44,393

 

100

%

 

Angiomax

 

Research and development spending in the nine months ended September 30, 2007 related to Angiomax decreased significantly due to a decrease in clinical trial expenses reflecting the completion in 2006 of our 13,819 patient Phase III ACUITY trial. The decrease in clinical trial expenses also reflects a decrease in clinical trial expenditures and other post-marketing trials. While we expect spending for Angiomax to continue to decrease as a percentage of our research and development expense, we also anticipate incurring additional expenses of approximately $6.0 million in the three months ended December 31, 2007 for milestones related to the HORIZONS study. Expenses incurred in the nine months ended September 30, 2006 included expenses for continuation of the ACUITY trial for collection of 12-month patient follow-up results in the ACUITY trial. The decrease in Angiomax research and development was offset by an increase in administrative and headcount costs primarily due to our application to the FDA seeking approval of an additional indication for Angiox for the treatment of patients with acute coronary syndromes based on the results of our Phase III ACUITY trial. In September 2007, the FDA accepted our sNDA to file.

 

Cleviprex

 

Research and development expenditures for Cleviprex increased during the nine months ended September 30, 2007 compared to the same period in 2006 as we focused our efforts with respect to Cleviprex in preparing for submission of the Cleviprex NDA. The nine months ended September 30, 2007 included $7.9 million of administrative and headcount costs primarily related to the preparation of the NDA, compared to $2.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2006. In the nine months ended September 30, 2007, expenditures for Cleviprex clinical trials decreased by $5.2 million, primarily related to decreased expenditures on our ECLIPSE trials, which are our three Phase III clinical trials to evaluate the safety of Cleviprex in approximately 1,600 patients in comparison to sodium nitroprusside, nicardipine and nitroglycerine, three leading blood pressure reducing agents, before, during and following cardiac surgery, and decreased expenditures on our VELOCITY trial. We completed the ECLIPSE studies and the VELOCITY study in the first half of 2007. We incurred $2.7 million of expenses in the nine months ended September 30, 2007 in connection with the development of the processes to manufacture Cleviprex if and when Cleviprex is approved for sale by the FDA.

 

Cangrelor

 

Research and development expenditures related to cangrelor increased from the nine months ended September 30, 2006 to the nine months ended September 30, 2007 as a result of the two pivotal Phase III clinical trials that we continue to conduct for the evaluation of cangrelor’s effectiveness and safety in preventing ischemic events in patients who require PCI.

 

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Other

 

Spending in this category consists of infrastructure costs in support of our product development efforts, which includes expenses for data management, statistical analysis, analysis of pre-clinical data, analysis of PK/PD data and product safety as well as expenses related to business development activities. In the nine months ended September 30, 2007, spending decreased by $1.6 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2006 primarily as a result of a decrease in costs incurred in connection with a third-party research and development agreement. We do not expect to incur any additional expenses under this collaboration in 2007.

 

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses.   Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $43.5 million to $109.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007, from $66.0 million for the same period in 2006. The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses primarily related to the termination of the prior distribution agreement with Nycomed and re-acquisition of all the rights to develop, distribute and market Angiox in the European Union (excluding Spain, Portugal and Greece) and the former Soviet republics. In the nine months ended September 30, 2007, we recorded $30.8 million of expense attributable to the termination of the prior distribution agreement with Nycomed. The $30.8 million expense was offset by the write-off of approximately $2.7 million of deferred revenue, which amount represented the unamortized portion of deferred revenue relating to milestone payments received from Nycomed in 2004 and 2002. In the nine months ended September 30, 2007 we incurred approximately $3.3 million of external consulting fees related to our European expansion and $3.5 million of additional costs related to the Nycomed transition services agreement. The additional costs related to the transition services agreement include reimbursing Nycomed for selling, management, marketing and certain personnel costs. The increase in selling, general and administrative is also attributable to Cleviprex expenses of $4.1 million related to the anticipated launch of the product and a $3.8 million increase in stock-based compensation expense.

 

Other Income.   Other income, which is primarily comprised of interest income, increased approximately 62.3% to $8.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007, from $4.9 million for the comparable period in 2006. The increase in other income of $3.1 million was primarily due to higher rates of return on our available for sale securities in 2007, combined with higher levels of cash to invest.

 

Provision for Income Tax.   The provision for income taxes increased to $0.5 million based on a loss before income taxes of $19.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007, compared to a $0.4 million provision for income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2006. We are not recognizing a benefit from income taxes on our pretax loss as the future recognition of additional deferred tax assets is not currently considered more likely than not for these additional deferred tax assets. Our effective income tax rate for the nine month period ended September 30, 2007 was approximately 2.8%.

 

The net loss incurred during the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2007 and the expected net loss for the year ending December 31, 2007 is primarily attributable to the Nycomed transaction. We do not believe this one-time transaction impacts our ability to realize the balance of deferred tax assets currently recorded. However, we plan to continue to evaluate the realizability of our deferred tax assets and liabilities on a periodic basis, and will adjust such amounts in light of changing facts and circumstances, including but not limited to future projections of taxable income, tax legislation, rulings by relevant tax authorities and the progress of ongoing tax audits. Factors that could significantly impact our valuation allowance include the regulatory approval of products currently under development, extension of the patent rights relating to Angiomax or failure to achieve future anticipated revenues. If we further reduce or increase the valuation allowance of deferred tax assets in future periods, we would recognize a tax benefit or expense. Such amounts could be material to operating results during the period in which these adjustments are recorded.

 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

Sources of Liquidity.   Since our inception, we have financed our operations principally through the sale of common and preferred stock, sales of convertible promissory notes and warrants, interest income and revenues from sales of Angiomax. Except for 2006 and 2004, we have incurred losses on an annual basis since our inception. We had $210.2 million in cash, cash equivalents and available for sale securities as of September 30, 2007.

 

Cash Flows.   As of September 30, 2007, we had $73.0 million in cash and cash equivalents, as compared to $75.5 million as of December 31, 2006. Our primary sources of cash during the nine months ended September 30, 2007 included $18.7 million in net cash provided by operating activities and $9.3 million in net cash provided by financing activities, which was offset by net cash used in investing activities of $30.6 million.

 

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Net cash provided by operating activities was $18.7 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2007, compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $22.9 million for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2006.  The cash provided by operating activities for the first nine months of 2007 includes a decrease in cash flow from operations of $19.8 million due to a net loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2007. The decrease of cash flows from operations related to net loss was offset by non-cash items of $11.6 million mainly attributable to stock compensation expense of $11.3 million. Cash provided by operating activities included an increase of $26.9 million due to changes in working capital items. The change in working capital items was mainly attributable to change in accrued expenses due to the termination of the prior distribution agreement with Nycomed and re-acquisition of all the rights to develop, distribute and market Angiox in the European Union (excluding Spain, Portugal and Greece) and the former Soviet republics. As of September 30, 2007, we accrued $15 million for the payment due to Nycomed on January 15, 2008, $5 million for the payment due on the earlier of June 30, 2008 or the end of the transition period and $5 million for the payment due if we obtain European Commission approval to market Angiox for acute coronary syndromes.

 

For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, $30.6 million in net cash was used in investing activities, which consisted of $109.0 million used for the purchase of available for sale securities, which was offset by proceeds of $94.1 million from the maturation and sale of available for sale securities. Net cash used in investing activities also included $0.7 million of fixed assets purchased and $14.9 million of intangible assets acquired in connection with the termination of the prior distribution agreement with Nycomed and reacquisition of all the rights to develop, distribute and market Angiox in the European Union (excluding Spain, Portugal and Greece) and the former Soviet republics.

 

For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, we received $9.3 million in net cash provided by financing activities, which consisted of proceeds to us from option exercises and purchases of stock under our employee stock purchase plan.

 

Funding Requirements.   We expect to devote substantial resources to our research and development efforts and to our sales, marketing and manufacturing programs associated with the commercialization of our products. Our funding requirements will depend on numerous factors including:

 

       the extent to which Angiomax is commercially successful globally;

 

       the extent to which we establish a commercial infrastructure outside the United States;

 

       the progress, level and timing of our research and development activities related to our clinical trials with respect to Angiomax, Cleviprex and cangrelor;

 

       the cost and outcomes of regulatory submissions and reviews, including the NDA for Cleviprex;

 

       the continuation or termination of third-party manufacturing or sales and marketing arrangements;

 

       the size, cost and effectiveness of our sales and marketing programs;

 

       the status of competitive products;

 

       our ability to defend and enforce our intellectual property rights; and

 

       the establishment of additional strategic or licensing arrangements with other companies, or acquisitions.

 

If our existing resources are insufficient to satisfy our liquidity requirements due to slower than anticipated revenues from Angiomax or otherwise, or if we acquire additional product candidates, or if we otherwise believe that raising additional capital would be in our interests and the interests of our stockholders, we may sell equity or debt securities or seek financing through other arrangements. Any sale of additional equity or debt securities may result in dilution to our stockholders, and debt financing may involve covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt or making capital expenditures. We cannot be certain that public or private financing will be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all. If we seek to raise funds through collaboration or licensing arrangements with third parties, we may be required to relinquish rights to products, product candidates or technologies that we would not otherwise relinquish or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us. If we are unable to obtain additional financing, we may be required to delay, reduce the scope of, or eliminate one or more of our planned research, development and commercialization activities, which could harm our financial condition and operating results.

 

27



 

In January 2007, we announced our intention to commence an offering of 6,000,000 shares of our common stock pursuant to an effective shelf registration in an underwritten public offering. However, we subsequently determined not to proceed with the public offering of common stock at that time.

 

Contractual Obligations

 

Our long-term contractual obligations include commitments and estimated purchase obligations entered into in the normal course of business. These include commitments related to purchase of inventory of our products, research and development service agreements, operating leases, milestone payments, and selling, general and administrative obligations. A summary of these aggregate contractual obligations was included in our 2006 Annual Report on Form 10-K. As of September 30, 2007, we have inventory-related purchase commitments totaling $14.5 million during 2007, $8.7 million for 2008 and $12.8 million for 2009 for Angiomax bulk drug substance.

 

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

 

Market risk is the risk of change in fair value of a financial instrument due to changes in interest rates, equity prices, creditworthiness, financing, exchange rates or other factors. Our primary market risk exposure relates to changes in interest rates in our cash, cash equivalents and available for sale securities. We place our investments in high-quality financial instruments, primarily money market funds, corporate debt and U.S. government agency securities with maturities of less than two years, which we believe are subject to limited interest rate and credit risk. We do not hedge interest rate exposure. At September 30, 2007, we held $210.2 million in cash, cash equivalents and available for sale securities which had an average interest rate of approximately 4.9%. At September 30, 2007, all of the cash, cash equivalents and available for sale securities were due on demand or within one year.

 

Most of our transactions are conducted in U.S. dollars. We do have certain agreements with parties located outside the United States. Transactions under certain of these agreements are conducted in U.S. dollars, subject to adjustment based on significant fluctuations in currency exchange rates. Transactions under certain other of these agreements are conducted in the local foreign currency. If the applicable exchange rate undergoes a change of 10.0%, we do not believe that it would have a material impact on our results of operations or cash flows.

 

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

 

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

 

Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2007. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2007, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

 

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

 

No change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2007 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 

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Part II. Other Information

 

Item 1A. Risk Factors

 

Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below in addition to the other information included or incorporated by reference in this quarterly report. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial condition or results of operations would likely suffer. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could fall.

 

An updated description of the risk factors associated with our business is set forth below. These risk factors have been updated from those included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, to, among other things, update the risk factor regarding  our business being very dependent on the commercial success of Angiomax, the risk factor regarding our revenue being substantially dependent on our sole source distributor and  a limited number of domestic wholesalers and international distributors, the risk factor regarding the dependency of near-term growth in Angiomax sales on acceptance of clinical data, the risk factor regarding regulatory approvals for our product candidates, the risk factor regarding the need for regulatory approval to expand the indicators for which we market Angiomax and the risk factor regarding our patent protection for our intellectual property.

 

Risks Related to Our Financial Results

 

We have a history of net losses and may not maintain profitability on an annual basis

 

Except for 2004 and 2006, we have incurred net losses on an annual basis since our inception. As of September 30, 2007, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $261.0 million. We expect to make substantial expenditures to further develop and commercialize our products, including costs and expenses associated with clinical trials, regulatory approvals and commercialization. Although we achieved profitability in 2004 and in 2006, we do not expect to be profitable in 2007 primarily as a result of the Nycomed transaction and we were not profitable in 2005. We will likely need to generate significantly greater revenue in future periods to achieve and maintain profitability in light of our planned expenditures. We may not achieve profitability in future periods or at all, and we may not be able to maintain profitability for any substantial period of time. If we fail to achieve profitability or maintain profitability on a quarterly or annual basis within the time frame expected by investors or securities analysts, the market price of our common stock may decline.

 

Our business is very dependent on the commercial success of Angiomax

 

Angiomax is our only commercial product. We expect Angiomax will account for all of our revenue for at least 2007. The commercial success of Angiomax will depend upon:

 

       its continued acceptance by regulators, physicians, patients and other key decision-makers as a safe, therapeutic and cost-effective alternative to heparin and other products used in current practice or currently being developed;

 

       our ability to expand the indications for which we can market Angiomax and the clinical data we generate to support expansion of the product label;

 

          the overall number of PCI procedures performed, which has declined in the United States; and

 

       the extent to which we and our international distributors are successful in marketing Angiomax.

 

We plan to continue throughout 2007 and in 2008 to seek to expand the indications for which we may market Angiomax. Even if we are successful in expanding the Angiomax label, we cannot assure you that the expanded label will result in higher revenue or income on a continuing basis. If Angiomax is not commercially successful, we will have to find additional sources of funding or curtail operations. As of September 30, 2007, our inventory was $29.1 million. In addition, we have inventory-related purchase commitments to Lonza Braine totaling $14.5 million during 2007, $8.7 million for 2008 and $12.8 million for 2009 for Angiomax bulk drug substance. If sales of Angiomax were to decline, we could be required to make an allowance for excess or obsolete inventory or increase our accrual for product returns.

 

 

29



 

Our revenue has been substantially dependent on our sole source distributor and a limited number of domestic wholesalers and international distributors involved in the sale of Angiomax, and such revenue may fluctuate from quarter to quarter based on the buying patterns of  such distributor,  wholesalers and distribution partners

 

In March 2007, we entered into an agreement with a third party to distribute Angiomax in the United States through a sole source distribution model. Under this model, we sell Angiomax to our sole source distributor, which then sells Angiomax to a limited number of national medical and pharmaceutical wholesalers with distribution centers located throughout the United States and, in certain cases, directly to hospitals. In both instances, the sole source distributor ships Angiomax directly to hospitals. Prior to adopting this sole source distribution model, we sold Angiomax to these wholesalers directly and these wholesalers then sold Angiomax to hospitals. As our revenue from sales of Angiomax in the United States is exclusively from sales to the sole source distributor, we expect that our revenue will continue to be subject to fluctuation from quarter to quarter based on the buying pattern of this sole source distributor. In addition, as we recently implemented this sole source distribution model, we are uncertain as to the impact this new model will have on the buying patterns of individual hospitals and hospital group purchasing organizations. Outside of the United States, we sell Angiomax to several international distributors and these distributors then sell Angiomax to hospitals. Our reliance on a small number of wholesalers and distributors could cause our revenue to fluctuate from quarter to quarter based on the buying patterns of these wholesalers and distributors, regardless of underlying hospital demand. Although effective July 1, 2007, we terminated our distribution agreement with Nycomed and reacquired all development, commercial and distribution rights held by Nycomed for Angiomax, Nycomed has agreed to provide, on a transitional basis, sales operations services until the end of 2007 and product distribution services into 2008, and we continue to be dependent on them.

 

If inventory levels at our sole source distributor or at our international distributors become too high, these distributors may seek to reduce their inventory levels by reducing purchases from us. In 2005, we agreed with our largest wholesalers at the time to enter into fee-for-service arrangements. As a result of these restructured arrangements, we estimate that our three largest wholesalers at the time reduced aggregate Angiomax inventory to an average of four to six weeks during the last two quarters of 2005 and the first quarter of 2006. In implementing the inventory reduction to reach this level during this period, we estimate that our three largest wholesalers reduced their aggregate inventories of Angiomax by approximately $39.0 million, which had an adverse effect on our revenue.

 

Failure to achieve our revenue targets or raise additional funds in the future may require us to delay, reduce the scope of, or eliminate one or more of our planned activities

 

We will need to generate significantly greater revenue to achieve and maintain profitability on an annual basis. The development of Angiomax for additional indications, the development of Cleviprex and cangrelor, including clinical trials, manufacturing development and regulatory approvals, and the acquisition and development of additional product candidates by us will require a commitment of substantial funds. Our future funding requirements, which may be significantly greater than we expect, will depend upon many factors, including:

 

       the extent to which Angiomax is commercially successful globally;

 

       the extent to which we can successfully establish a commercial infrastructure outside the United States;

 

       the progress, level and timing of our research and development activities related to our clinical trials with respect to Angiomax, Cleviprex and cangrelor;

 

       the cost and outcomes of regulatory submissions and reviews;

 

       the continuation or termination of third-party manufacturing or sales and marketing arrangements;

 

       the size, cost and effectiveness of our sales and marketing programs;

 

       the status of competitive products;

 

       our ability to defend and enforce our intellectual property rights; and

 

       the establishment of additional strategic or licensing arrangements with other companies, or acquisitions.

 

If our existing resources are insufficient to satisfy our liquidity requirements due to slower than anticipated sales of Angiomax or otherwise, if we acquire additional product candidates or businesses, or if we determine that raising additional capital would be in our interest and the interests of our stockholders, we may sell equity or debt securities or seek additional financing through other arrangements. Any sale of additional equity or debt securities may result in dilution to our stockholders, and debt financing may involve covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as

 

30



 

incurring additional debt or making capital expenditures. We cannot be certain that public or private financing will be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all. If we seek to raise funds through collaboration or licensing arrangements with third parties, we may be required to relinquish rights to products, product candidates or technologies that we would not otherwise relinquish or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us. If we are unable to obtain additional financing, we may be required to delay, reduce the scope of, or eliminate one or more of our planned research, development and commercialization activities, which could harm our financial condition and operating results.

 

Risks Related to Commercialization

 

Angiomax competes with all categories of anticoagulant drugs, which may limit the use of Angiomax

 

Because different anticoagulant drugs act on different components of the clotting process, we believe that continued clinical work will be necessary to determine the best combination of drugs for clinical use. We recognize that Angiomax competes with other anticoagulant drugs to the extent Angiomax and any of these anticoagulant drugs are approved for the same or similar indications.

 

In addition, other anticoagulant drugs may compete with Angiomax for hospital financial resources. For example, many U.S. hospitals receive a fixed reimbursement amount per procedure for the angioplasties and other treatment therapies they perform. Because this amount is not based on the actual expenses the hospital incurs, hospitals may choose to use either Angiomax or other anticoagulant drugs, but not necessarily several of the drugs together.

 

Because the market for thrombin inhibitors is competitive, our product may not obtain widespread use

 

We have positioned Angiomax as a replacement for heparin, which is a widely used, inexpensive, generic drug used in patients with arterial thrombosis. Because heparin is inexpensive and has been widely used for many years, physicians and medical decision-makers may be hesitant to adopt Angiomax. In addition, due to the high incidence and severity of cardiovascular diseases, competition in the market for thrombin inhibitors is intense and growing. We cannot assure you that the rate of Angiomax sales growth will not slow or decline in the remainder of 2007 and future years. There are a number of direct and indirect thrombin inhibitors currently on the market, awaiting regulatory approval and in development, including orally administered agents. The thrombin inhibitors on the market include products for use in the treatment of patients with HIT/HITTS, patients with unstable angina and patients with deep vein thrombosis.

 

We face substantial competition, which may result in others discovering, developing or commercializing competing products before or more successfully than we do

 

Our industry is highly competitive. Our success will depend on our ability to acquire and develop products and apply technology, and our ability to establish and maintain markets for our products. Potential competitors in the United States and other countries include major pharmaceutical and chemical companies, specialized pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology firms, universities and other research institutions. Many of our competitors have substantially greater research and development capabilities and experience, and greater manufacturing, marketing and financial resources, than we do. Accordingly, our competitors may develop or license products or other novel technologies that are more effective, safer, more convenient or less costly than existing products or technologies or products or technologies that are being developed by us or may obtain regulatory approvals for products more rapidly than we are able. Technological developments by others may render our products or product candidates noncompetitive. We may not be successful in establishing or maintaining technological competitiveness.

 

Near-term growth in our sales of Angiomax is dependent on acceptance by physicians, patients and other key decision-makers of Angiomax clinical data

 

In the fall of 2002, we completed a 6,002 patient post-marketing Phase IIIb/IV clinical trial of Angiomax in coronary angioplasty called REPLACE-2. In November 2002, the principal investigators of the REPLACE-2 trial announced that, based on 30-day patient follow-up results, Angiomax met all of the primary and secondary objectives of the trial. In March 2003, we released the results of the detailed cost analysis study to examine per-patient total hospital resource consumption at U.S. clinical trial sites. In September 2003, the principal investigators of the clinical trial announced that, based on six-month patient follow-up results, Angiomax again met all of the primary and secondary objectives of the trial. In November 2003, the principal investigators presented one-year follow-up mortality data from the trial, which confirmed the 30-day and six-month mortality results. In December 2005, we completed enrollment in a 13,819 patient Phase III clinical trial studying Angiomax use in patients presenting to the emergency department with acute coronary syndromes called the ACUITY trial. In March 2006, the principal investigators of the ACUITY trial announced that ACUITY had met its

 

31



 

objectives based on 30-day patient results and in March 2007, the principal investigators announced that ACUITY had also met its objectives based on the 12-month patient results. We are also supporting an investigator-initiated trial called HORIZONS to study Angiomax use in adult AMI patients. HORIZONS is designed to evaluate whether Angiomax with provisional use of GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors is as safe and effective as heparin with planned use of GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors in AMI patients. In October 2007, the principal investigators of the clinical trial announced the results of HORIZONS at 30 days. These results were that Angiomax had a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of:  net adverse clinical events, a composite of major adverse cardiac events or major bleeding, by 24%; major bleeding by 40%; and cardiac-related mortality by 38%. In addition, at 30 days Angiomax demonstrated comparable rates of major adverse cardiac events.

 

We believe that the near-term commercial success of Angiomax will depend upon the extent to which physicians, patients and other key decision-makers accept the results of the Angiomax clinical trials. For example, since the original results of REPLACE-2 were announced in 2002, additional hospitals have granted Angiomax formulary approval and hospital demand for the product has increased. We cannot be certain, however, that these trends will continue. Some commentators have challenged various aspects of the trial design of REPLACE-2, the conduct of the study and the analysis and interpretation of the results from the study, including how we define bleeding and the clinical relevance of types of ischemic events. The FDA has noted that in its view, statistical non-inferiority was not demonstrated as compared to the heparin plus a GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor arm of the trial for the 30-day ischemic endpoint in the REPLACE-2 trial. Similarly, we cannot be certain of the extent to which physicians, patients and other key decision-makers will accept the results of the ACUITY and HORIZONS trials. If physicians, patients and other key decision-makers do not accept the REPLACE-2, ACUITY and HORIZONS trial results, adoption of Angiomax may suffer, and our business will be materially adversely affected.

 

We believe that as a result of data from a clinical trial that was published in the New England Journal of Medicine entitled “Clinical Outcomes Utilizing Revascularization and Aggressive Drug Evaluation,” or “COURAGE”, and the controversy regarding the use of drug-eluting stents, the number of PCI procedures performed in the United States has declined. The decline in the number of procedures has had a direct impact on our net revenues. We can provide no assurance whether or when the decline in PCI procedure volume will cease. In the event that the number of procedures continues to decline, sales of Angiomax may be impacted negatively.

 

Our ability to generate future revenue from products will be affected by our ability to develop our global operations

 

To support the international marketing of Angiomax, we are taking the necessary steps to develop our business infrastructure globally. Additionally, to support our future products, Cleviprex and cangrelor, we plan to develop our development, sales and marketing capabilities on a global basis, with European operations being our initial focus. If we are unable to expand our international operations successfully and in a timely manner, the growth of our business may be limited and our business, operating results and financial condition may be harmed. Such expansion may be more difficult, be more expensive or take longer than we anticipate, and we may not be able to successfully market and sell our products internationally. Future rapid expansion could strain our operational, human and financial resources. In order to manage expansion, we must:

 

  continue to improve operating, administrative, and information systems;

 

  accurately predict future personnel and resource needs to meet client contract commitments;

 

  track the progress of ongoing client projects; and

 

  attract and retain qualified management, sales, professional, scientific and technical operating personnel.

 

If we do not take these actions and are not able to manage our global business, the global business may be less successful than anticipated, and we may be required to allocate additional resources to the expanded business, which we would have otherwise allocated to another part of our business.

 

Our ability to generate future revenue from products will be affected by reimbursement and drug pricing

 

Acceptable levels of reimbursement of drug treatments by government authorities, private health insurers and other organizations will have an effect on our ability to successfully commercialize, and attract collaborative partners to invest in the development of, product candidates. We cannot be sure that reimbursement in the United States or elsewhere will be available for any products we may develop or, if already available, will not be decreased in the future. If reimbursement is

 

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not available or is available only to limited levels, we may not be able to commercialize our products, or may not be able to obtain a satisfactory financial return on our products.

 

In certain countries, particularly the countries of the European Union, the pricing of prescription pharmaceuticals and the level of reimbursement are subject to governmental control. In some countries, it can take an extended period of time to establish and obtain reimbursement, and reimbursement approval may be required at the individual patient level, which can lead to further delays.

 

Third-party payers increasingly are challenging prices charged for medical products and services. Also, the trend toward managed health care in the United States and the changes in health insurance programs, as well as legislative proposals, may result in lower prices for pharmaceutical products, including any products that may be offered by us. Cost-cutting measures that health care providers are instituting, and the effect of any health care reform, could materially adversely affect our ability to sell any products that are successfully developed by us and approved by regulators. Moreover, we are unable to predict what additional legislation or regulation, if any, relating to the health care industry or third-party coverage and reimbursement may be enacted in the future or what effect such legislation or regulation would have on our business.

 

We must comply with federal, state and foreign laws and regulations relating to the health care business, and, if we do not fully comply with such laws and regulations, we could face substantial penalties

 

We and our customers are subject to extensive regulation by the federal government, and the governments of the states and foreign countries in which we may conduct our business. The laws that directly or indirectly affect our ability to operate our business include the following:

 

         the Federal Anti-Kickback Law, which prohibits persons from knowingly and willfully soliciting, offering, receiving or providing remuneration, directly or indirectly, in cash or in kind, to induce either the referral of an individual or furnishing or arranging for a good or service for which payment may be made under federal health care programs such as Medicare and Medicaid;

 

         other Medicare laws and regulations that prescribe the requirements for coverage and payment for services performed by our customers, including the amount of such payment;

 

         the Federal False Claims Act, which imposes civil and criminal liability on individuals and entities who submit, or cause to be submitted, false or fraudulent claims for payment to the government; and

 

         the Federal False Statements Act, which prohibits knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up a material fact or making any materially false statement in connection with delivery of or payment for health care benefits, items or services.

 

If our operations are found to be in violation of any of the laws and regulations described above or any other law or governmental regulation to which we or our customers are or will be subject, we may be subject to civil and criminal penalties, damages, fines, exclusion from the Medicare and Medicaid programs and the curtailment or restructuring of our operations. Similarly, if our customers are found to be non-compliant with applicable laws, they may be subject to sanctions, which could also have a negative impact on us. Any penalties, damages, fines, curtailment or restructuring of our operations would adversely affect our ability to operate our business and our financial results. Any action against us for violation of these laws, even if we successfully defend against it, could cause us to incur significant legal expenses, divert our management’s attention from the operation of our business and damage our reputation.

 

We could be exposed to significant liability if we are unable to obtain insurance at acceptable costs and adequate levels or otherwise protect ourselves against potential product liability claims

 

Our business exposes us to potential product liability risks which are inherent in the testing, manufacturing, marketing and sale of human healthcare products. Product liability claims might be made by patients in clinical trials, consumers, health care providers or pharmaceutical companies or others that sell our products. These claims may be made even with respect to those products that are manufactured in licensed and regulated facilities or otherwise possess regulatory approval for commercial sale.

 

These claims could expose us to significant liabilities that could prevent or interfere with the development or commercialization of our products. Product liability claims could require us to spend significant time and money in litigation or pay significant damages. With respect to our commercial sales and our clinical trials, we are covered by product liability

 

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insurance in the amount of $20.0 million per occurrence and $20.0 million annually in the aggregate on a claims-made basis. This coverage may not be adequate to cover any product liability claims.

 

As we continue to commercialize our products, we may wish to increase our product liability insurance. Product liability coverage is expensive. In the future, we may not be able to maintain or obtain such product liability insurance on reasonable terms, at a reasonable cost or in sufficient amounts to protect us against losses due to product liability claims.

 

Risks Related to Regulatory Matters

 

If we do not obtain regulatory approvals for our product candidates we will not be able to market our product candidates and our ability to generate additional revenue could be materially impaired

 

Except for Angiomax, which has been approved for sale in the United States for use as an anticoagulant in combination with aspirin in patients with unstable angina undergoing PCI and patients undergoing PCI with or at risk of HIT/HITTS, and which has been approved for sale in the European Union and in other countries for indications similar to those approved by the FDA, we do not have any other product approved for sale in the United States or any foreign market. We must obtain approval from the FDA in order to sell our product candidates in the United States and from foreign regulatory authorities in order to sell our product candidates in other countries. In July 2007, we submitted an NDA to the FDA for approval to market Cleviprex for use in patients receiving an intravenous antihypertensive agent in the acute care setting when oral therapy is not desirable or feasible. The FDA accepted this NDA to file in September 2007. The acceptance of this NDA does not provide any assurance that we will be able to obtain regulatory approval for Cleviprex. Obtaining regulatory approval is uncertain, time-consuming and expensive. Any regulatory approval we ultimately obtain may be limited or subject to restrictions or post-approval commitments that render the product commercially non-viable. Securing regulatory approval requires the submission of extensive pre-clinical and clinical data, information about product manufacturing processes and inspection of facilities and supporting information to the regulatory authorities for each therapeutic indication to establish the product’s safety and efficacy. If we are unable to submit the necessary data and information, for example, because the results of clinical trials are not favorable, or if the applicable regulatory authority delays reviewing or does not approve our applications, we will be unable to obtain regulatory approval. Delays in obtaining or failure to obtain regulatory approvals may:

 

  delay or prevent the successful commercialization of any of our product candidates;

 

  diminish our competitive advantage; and

 

  defer or decrease our receipt of revenue.

 

The regulatory review and approval process to obtain marketing approval for a new drug or indications takes many years and requires the expenditure of substantial resources. This process can vary substantially based on the type, complexity, novelty and indication of the product candidate involved. The regulatory authorities have substantial discretion in the approval process and may refuse to accept any application or may decide that data is insufficient for approval and require additional pre-clinical, clinical or other studies. In addition, varying interpretations of the data obtained from pre-clinical and clinical testing could delay, limit or prevent regulatory approval of a product candidate.

 

We cannot expand the indications for which we are marketing Angiomax unless we receive regulatory approval for each additional indication. Failure to expand these indications will limit the size of the commercial market for Angiomax

 

The FDA has approved Angiomax for use as an anticoagulant in combination with aspirin in patients with unstable angina undergoing PCI and patients undergoing PCI with or at risk of HIT/HITTS. Angiox is approved for patients undergoing PCI in the European Union. One of our key objectives is to expand the indications for which Angiomax is approved for marketing by the FDA and the EMEA. In order to market Angiomax for expanded indications, we will need to conduct appropriate clinical trials, obtain positive results from those trials and obtain regulatory approval for such proposed indications. Obtaining regulatory approval is uncertain, time-consuming and expensive. The regulatory review and approval process to obtain marketing approval for a new indication can take many years and require the expenditure of substantial resources. This process can vary substantially based on the type, complexity, novelty and indication of the product candidate involved. The regulatory authorities have substantial discretion in the approval process and may refuse to accept any application or may decide that any data submitted is insufficient for approval and require additional pre-clinical, clinical or other studies. In addition, varying interpretations of the data obtained from pre-clinical and clinical testing could delay, limit or prevent regulatory approval of a new indication product candidate. For example, in 2006 we received a non-approvable letter from the FDA in connection with our application to market Angiomax in patients with or at risk of HIT/HITTS undergoing cardiac surgery. While we have indicated to the FDA that we are evaluating potential next steps, the FDA may require additional studies which may require the expenditure of substantial resources. Even if any such studies are

 

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undertaken, we can provide no assurance that we will be successful in obtaining regulatory approval for this indication in a timely manner or at all. In December 2006, we submitted an application to the EMEA, and in July 2007, we submitted an sNDA to the FDA, seeking approval of an additional indication for Angiomax for the treatment of patients with acute coronary syndromes based on the results of our Phase III ACUITY trial. The FDA accepted this application to file in September 2007. If we are unsuccessful in expanding the Angiomax product label, the size of the commercial market for Angiomax will be limited.

 

Clinical trials of product candidates are expensive and time-consuming, and the results of these trials are uncertain

 

Before we can obtain regulatory approvals to market any product for a particular indication, we will be required to complete pre-clinical studies and extensive clinical trials in humans to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of such product for such indication.

 

Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design and implement, can take many years to complete and is uncertain as to outcome. Success in pre-clinical testing or early clinical trials does not ensure that later clinical trials will be successful, and interim results of a clinical trial do not necessarily predict final results. An unexpected result in one or more of our clinical trials can occur at any stage of testing. We may experience numerous unforeseen events during, or as a result of, the clinical trial process that could delay or prevent us from receiving regulatory approval or commercializing our products, including:

 

  our clinical trials may produce negative or inconclusive results, and we may decide, or regulators may require us, to conduct additional clinical trials which even if undertaken cannot ensure we will gain approval;

 

  data obtained from pre-clinical testing and clinical trials may be subject to varying interpretations, which could result in the FDA or other regulatory authorities deciding not to approve a product in a timely fashion, or at all;

 

  the cost of clinical trials may be greater than we currently anticipate;

 

  regulators or institutional review boards may not authorize us to commence a clinical trial or conduct a clinical trial at a prospective trial site;

 

  we, or the FDA or other regulatory authorities, might suspend or terminate a clinical trial at any time on various grounds, including a finding that participating patients are being exposed to unacceptable health risks. For example, we have in the past voluntarily suspended enrollment in one of our clinical trials to review an interim analysis of safety data from the trial; and

 

  the effects of our product candidates may not be the desired effects or may include undesirable side effects or the product candidates may have other unexpected characteristics.

 

The rate of completion of clinical trials depends in part upon the rate of enrollment of patients. Patient enrollment is a function of many factors, including the size of the patient population, the proximity of patients to clinical sites, the eligibility criteria for the trial, the existence of competing clinical trials and the availability of alternative or new treatments. In particular, the patient population targeted by some of our clinical trials may be small. Delays in patient enrollment in any of our current or future clinical trials may result in increased costs and program delays.

 

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If we or our contract manufacturers fail to comply with the extensive regulatory requirements to which we, our contract manufacturers and our products are subject, our products could be subject to restrictions or withdrawal from the market and we could be subject to penalties

 

The testing, manufacturing, labeling, safety, advertising, promotion, storage, sales, distribution, export and marketing, among other things, of our products, both before and after approval, are subject to extensive regulation by governmental authorities in the United States, Europe and elsewhere throughout the world. Both before and after approval of a product, quality control and manufacturing procedures must conform to current good manufacturing practice, or cGMP. Regulatory authorities, including the FDA, periodically inspect manufacturing facilities to assess compliance with cGMP. Our failure or the failure of our contract manufacturers to comply with the laws administered by the FDA, the European Medicines Agency, or other governmental authorities could result in, among other things, any of the following:

 

  delay in approving or refusal to approve a product;

 

  product recall or seizure;

 

  suspension or withdrawal of an approved product from the market;

 

  interruption of production;

 

  operating restrictions;

 

  warning letters;

 

  injunctions;

 

  fines and other monetary penalties;

 

  criminal prosecutions; and

 

  unanticipated expenditures.

 

Risks Related to our Dependence on Third Parties for Manufacturing, Research and Development, and Distribution Activities

 

We depend on single suppliers for the production of Angiomax, Cleviprex and cangrelor bulk drug substance and different single suppliers to carry out all fill-finish activities

 

We do not manufacture any of our products and do not plan to develop any capacity to manufacture them. We currently obtain all of our Angiomax bulk drug substance from one manufacturer, Lonza Braine, and rely on another manufacturer, Ben Venue Laboratories, to carry out all fill-finish activities for Angiomax, which includes final formulation and transfer of the drug into vials where it is then freeze-dried and sealed. The terms of our agreement with Lonza Braine require us to purchase from Lonza Braine a substantial portion of our Angiomax bulk drug product manufactured using the Chemilog process, a chemical synthesis process that we developed with UCB Bioproducts S.A., the predecessor to Lonza Braine.

 

We currently obtain all of our Cleviprex bulk drug substance from one manufacturer, Johnson Matthey Pharma Services. We rely on a different single supplier, Hospira, Inc., and its proprietary formulation technology, for the manufacture of all finished Cleviprex product, as well as for release testing and clinical packaging.

 

We have transferred the manufacturing process for all of our cangrelor bulk drug substance from AstraZeneca to Johnson Matthey Pharma Services for scale up and manufacture for Phase III clinical trials and commercial supplies. We also plan to rely on different suppliers, Baxter Pharmaceutical Solutions LLC and Ben Venue Laboratories, Inc., for the manufacture of all finished cangrelor drug product for all Phase III clinical trials and to carry out release testing.

 

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A limited number of manufacturers are capable of manufacturing Angiomax, Cleviprex and cangrelor. We do not currently have alternative sources for production of bulk drug substance or to carry out fill-finish activities. Consolidation within the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry could further reduce the number of manufacturers capable of producing our products, or otherwise affect our existing contractual relationships.

 

In the event that any of Lonza Braine, Johnson Matthey, Hospira, Ben Venue or Baxter is unable or unwilling to carry out its respective manufacturing obligations or terminates or refuses to renew its arrangements with us, we may be unable to obtain alternative manufacturing, or obtain such manufacturing on commercially reasonable terms or on a timely basis. If we were required to transfer manufacturing processes to other third-party manufacturers, we would need to satisfy various regulatory requirements, which could cause us to experience significant delays in receiving an adequate supply of Angiomax, Cleviprex or cangrelor. Moreover, we may not be able to transfer processes that are proprietary to the manufacturer. Any delays in the manufacturing process may adversely impact our ability to meet commercial demands for Angiomax on a timely basis and supply product for clinical trials of Angiomax, Cleviprex or cangrelor.

 

The development and commercialization of our products may be terminated or delayed, and the costs of development and commercialization may increase, if third parties on whom we rely to manufacture and support the development and commercialization of our products do not fulfill their obligations

 

Our development and commercialization strategy involves entering into arrangements with corporate and academic collaborators, contract research organizations, distributors, third party manufacturers, licensors, licensees and others to conduct development work, manage or conduct our clinical trials, manufacture our products and market and sell our products outside of the United States. We do not have the expertise or the resources to conduct such activities on our own and, as a result, are particularly dependent on third parties in most areas.

 

We may not be able to maintain our existing arrangements with respect to the commercialization or manufacture of Angiomax or establish and maintain arrangements to develop and commercialize Cleviprex, cangrelor or any additional product candidates or products we may acquire on terms that are acceptable to us. Any current or future arrangements for development and commercialization may not be successful. If we are not able to establish or maintain agreements relating to Angiomax, Cleviprex, cangrelor or any additional products we may acquire on terms that we deem favorable, our results of operations would be materially adversely affected.

 

Third parties may not perform their obligations as expected. The amount and timing of resources that third parties devote to developing, manufacturing and commercializing our products are not within our control. Our collaborators may develop, manufacture or commercialize, either alone or with others, products and services that are similar to or competitive with the products that are the subject of the collaboration with us. Furthermore, our interests may differ from those of third parties that manufacture or commercialize our products. Our collaborators may re-evaluate their priorities from time to time, including following mergers and consolidations, and change the focus of their development, manufacturing or commercialization efforts. Disagreements that may arise with these third parties could delay or lead to the termination of the development or commercialization of our product candidates, or result in litigation or arbitration, which would be time consuming and expensive.

 

If any third party that manufactures or supports the development or commercialization of our products breaches or terminates its agreement with us, or fails to commit sufficient resources to our collaboration or conduct its activities in a timely manner, or fails to comply with regulatory requirements, such breach, termination or failure could:

 

         delay or otherwise adversely impact the manufacturing, development or commercialization of Angiomax, Cleviprex, cangrelor or any additional products that we may acquire or develop;

 

         require us to seek a new collaborator or undertake unforeseen additional responsibilities or devote unforeseen additional resources to the manufacturing, development or commercialization of our products; or

 

         result in the termination of the development or commercialization of our products.

 

 

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Use of third party manufacturers may increase the risk that we will not have appropriate supplies of our product candidates

 

Reliance on third party manufacturers entails risks to which we would not be subject if we manufactured product candidates or products ourselves, including:

 

         reliance on the third party for regulatory compliance and quality assurance;

 

         the possible breach of the manufacturing agreement by the third party; and

 

         the possible termination or nonrenewal of the agreement by the third party, based on its own business priorities, at a time that is costly or inconvenient for us.

 

Angiomax and our product candidates may compete with products and product candidates of third parties for access to manufacturing facilities. If we are not able to obtain adequate supplies of Angiomax, Cleviprex and cangrelor, it will be more difficult for us to compete effectively and develop our product candidates.

 

Our contract manufacturers are subject to ongoing, periodic, unannounced inspection by the FDA and corresponding state and foreign agencies or their designees to evaluate compliance with the FDA’s cGMP, regulations and other governmental regulations and corresponding foreign standards. We cannot be certain that our present or future manufacturers will be able to comply with cGMP regulations and other FDA regulatory requirements or similar regulatory requirements outside the United States. We do not control compliance by our contract manufacturers with these regulations and standards. Failure of our third party manufacturers or us to comply with applicable regulations could result in sanctions being imposed on us, including fines and other monetary penalties, injunctions, civil penalties, failure of regulatory authorities to grant marketing approval of our product candidates, delays, suspension or withdrawal of approvals, license revocation, seizures or recalls of product candidates or products, interruption of production, warning letters, operating restrictions and criminal prosecutions, any of which could significantly and adversely affect supplies of Angiomax and our product candidates.

 

Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property

 

A breach of any of the agreements under which we license commercialization rights to products or technology from others could cause us to lose license rights that are important to our business or subject us to claims by our licensors

 

We license rights to products and technology that are important to our business, and we expect to enter into additional licenses in the future. For instance, we have exclusively licensed patents and patent applications relating to Angiomax from Biogen Idec and Health Research Inc. and relating to Cleviprex and cangrelor from AstraZeneca. Under these agreements, we are subject to commercialization and development, sublicensing, royalty, patent prosecution and maintenance, insurance and other obligations. For instance, we were required under our license of Cleviprex to file an NDA for Cleviprex by September 30, 2007, which we submitted in July 2007. We are similarly required under our license of cangrelor to file an NDA for cangrelor by December 31, 2009. Any failure by us to comply with any of these obligations or any other breach by us of our license agreements could give the licensor the right to terminate the license in whole, terminate the exclusive nature of the license or bring a claim against us for damages. Any such termination or claim, particularly relating to our agreements with respect to Angiomax, could have a material adverse effect on our business. We have entered into an agreement with Biogen Idec that suspends the statute of limitations relating to any claims for damages and/or license termination that they may bring in the event that a dispute arises between us and Biogen Idec relating to the late filing of our application under the Hatch Waxman Act for an extension of the term of the principal patent that covers Angiomax. Even if we contest any such termination or claim and are ultimately successful, our stock price could suffer. In addition, upon any termination of a license agreement, we may be required to license to the licensor any related intellectual property that we developed.

 

If we are unable to obtain or maintain patent protection for the intellectual property relating to our products, the value of our products will be adversely affected

 

The patent positions of pharmaceutical companies like us are generally uncertain and involve complex legal, scientific and factual issues. Our success depends significantly on our ability to:

 

         obtain and maintain U.S. and foreign patents, including defending those patents against adverse claims;

 

         protect trade secrets;

 

         operate without infringing the proprietary rights of others; and

 

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         prevent others from infringing our proprietary rights.

 

We may not have any additional patents issued from any patent applications that we own or license. If additional patents are granted, the claims allowed may not be sufficiently broad to protect our technology. In addition, issued patents that we own or license may be challenged, narrowed, invalidated or circumvented, which could limit our ability to stop competitors from marketing similar products or limit the length of term of patent protection we may have for our products. Changes in patent laws or in interpretations of patent laws in the United States and other countries may diminish the value of our intellectual property or narrow the scope of our patent protection.

 

Our patents also may not afford us protection against competitors with similar technology. Because patent applications in the United States and many foreign jurisdictions are typically not published until eighteen months after filing, or in some cases not at all, and because publications of discoveries in the scientific literature often lag behind actual discoveries, neither we nor our licensors can be certain that others have not filed or maintained patent applications for technology used by us or covered by our pending patent applications without our being aware of these applications.

 

We exclusively license U.S. patents, patent applications and patent rights and corresponding foreign patents, patent applications and patent rights relating to Angiomax, Cleviprex and cangrelor. We exclusively license six issued U.S. patents relating to Angiomax, the rights relating to Cleviprex under three issued U.S. patents and the rights relating to cangrelor under five issued U.S. patents. We have not yet filed any independent patent applications.

 

The principal U.S. patent that covers Angiomax expires in 2010. The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or PTO, rejected our application under the Hatch Waxman Act for an extension of the term of the patent beyond 2010 because the application was not filed on time by our counsel. In October 2002, we filed a request with the PTO for reconsideration of the denial of the application. On April 26, 2007, we received a decision from the PTO denying our application for patent term extension. We continue to explore alternatives to extend the term of the patent but we can provide no assurance that we will be successful in doing so.

 

Legislation has been introduced in the United States Congress that, if enacted, would provide the PTO with discretion to consider applications filed late unintentionally, including Hatch Waxman applications. We can provide no assurance that such legislation will be enacted or that, if enacted, the PTO will consider our application or that we will be successful in extending the term of the patent.

 

We have entered into agreements with the counsel involved in the late filing that suspend the statute of limitations on our claims against them for failing to make a timely filing. We have entered into a similar agreement with Biogen Idec relating to any claims for damages and/or license termination they may bring in the event that a dispute arises between us and Biogen Idec relating to the late filing. These agreements may be terminated by either party upon 30 days notice. We cannot assure you that Biogen Idec will not terminate this agreement.

 

We may be unable to utilize the Chemilog process if Lonza Braine breaches our agreement

 

Our agreement with Lonza Braine for the supply of Angiomax bulk drug substance requires that Lonza Braine transfer the technology that was used to develop the Chemilog process to a secondary supplier of Angiomax bulk drug substance or to us or an alternate supplier at the expiration of the agreement. If Lonza Braine fails or is unable to transfer successfully this technology, we would be unable to employ the Chemilog process to manufacture our Angiomax bulk drug substance, which could cause us to experience delays in the manufacturing process and increase our manufacturing costs in the future.

 

If we are not able to keep our trade secrets confidential, our technology and information may be used by others to compete against us

 

We rely significantly upon unpatented proprietary technology, information, processes and know-how. We seek to protect this information by confidentiality agreements with our employees, consultants and other third party contractors, as well as through other security measures. We may not have adequate remedies for any breach by a party to these confidentiality agreements. In addition, our competitors may learn or independently develop our trade secrets. If our confidential information or trade secrets become publicly known, they may lose their value to us.

 

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If we infringe or are alleged to infringe intellectual property rights of third parties, it will adversely affect our business

 

Our research, development and commercialization activities, as well as any product candidates or products resulting from these activities, may infringe or be claimed to infringe patents or patent applications under which we do not hold licenses or other rights. Third parties may own or control these patents and patent applications in the United States and abroad. These third parties could bring claims against us or our collaborators that would cause us to incur substantial expenses and, if successful against us, could cause us to pay substantial damages. Further, if a patent infringement suit were brought against us or our collaborators, we or they could be forced to stop or delay research, development, manufacturing or sales of the product or product candidate that is the subject of the suit.

 

As a result of patent infringement claims, or in order to avoid potential claims, we or our collaborators may choose or be required to seek a license from the third party and be required to pay license fees or royalties or both. These licenses may not be available on acceptable terms, or at all. Even if we or our collaborators were able to obtain a license, the rights may be nonexclusive, which could result in our competitors gaining access to the same intellectual property. Ultimately, we could be prevented from commercializing a product, or be forced to cease some aspect of our business operations, if, as a result of actual or threatened patent infringement claims, we or our collaborators are unable to enter into licenses on acceptable terms. This could harm our business significantly.

 

There has been substantial litigation and other proceedings regarding patent and other intellectual property rights in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. In addition to infringement claims against us, we may become a party to other patent litigation and other proceedings, including interference proceedings declared by the PTO and opposition proceedings in the European Patent Office, regarding intellectual property rights with respect to our products and technology. The cost to us of any patent litigation or other proceeding, even if resolved in our favor, could be substantial. Some of our competitors may be able to sustain the costs of such litigation or proceedings more effectively than we can because of their substantially greater financial resources. Uncertainties resulting from the initiation and continuation of patent litigation or other proceedings could have a material adverse effect on our ability to compete in the marketplace. Patent litigation and other proceedings may also absorb significant management time.

 

Risks Related to Growth and Employees

 

If we fail to acquire and develop additional product candidates or approved products it will impair our ability to grow

 

We have a single product, Angiomax, approved for marketing. In order to generate additional revenue, we intend to acquire and develop additional product candidates or approved products. The success of this growth strategy depends upon our ability to identify, select and acquire pharmaceutical products that meet the criteria we have established. Because we neither have, nor intend to establish, internal scientific research capabilities, we are dependent upon pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and other researchers to sell or license product candidates to us. We will be required to integrate any acquired products into our existing operations. Managing the development of a new product entails numerous financial and operational risks, including difficulties in attracting qualified employees to develop the product.

 

Any product candidate we acquire will require additional research and development efforts prior to commercial sale, including extensive pre-clinical and/or clinical testing and approval by the FDA and corresponding foreign regulatory authorities. All product candidates are prone to the risks of failure inherent in pharmaceutical product development, including the possibility that the product candidate will not be safe and effective or approved by regulatory authorities.

 

In addition, we cannot assure you that any approved products that we develop or acquire will be:

 

  manufactured or produced economically;

 

  successfully commercialized; or

 

  widely accepted in the marketplace.

 

We have previously acquired rights to products and, after having conducted development activities, determined not to devote further resources to those products. We cannot assure you that any additional products that we acquire will be successfully developed. In addition, proposing, negotiating and implementing an economically viable acquisition is a lengthy and complex process. Other companies, including those with substantially greater financial, marketing and sales resources,

 

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may compete with us for the acquisition of product candidates and approved products. We may not be able to acquire the rights to additional product candidates and approved products on terms that we find acceptable, or at all.

 

We may undertake strategic acquisitions in the future and any difficulties from integrating such acquisitions could damage our ability to attain or maintain profitability

 

We may acquire additional businesses and products that complement or augment our existing business. Integrating any newly acquired business or product could be expensive and time-consuming. We may not be able to integrate any acquired business or product successfully or operate any acquired business profitably. Moreover, we may need to raise additional funds through public or private debt or equity financing to acquire any businesses or products, which may result in dilution for stockholders or the incurrence of indebtedness.

 

We may not be able to manage our business effectively if we are unable to attract and retain key personnel and consultants

 

Our industry has experienced a high rate of turnover of management personnel in recent years. We are highly dependent on our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel for the acquisition, development and commercialization activities we conduct or sponsor. If we lose one or more of the members of our senior management, including our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Clive A. Meanwell, or our President and Chief Operating Officer, John P. Kelley, or other key employees or consultants, our ability to implement successfully our business strategy could be seriously harmed. Our ability to replace these key employees may be difficult and may take an extended period of time because of the limited number of individuals in our industry with the breadth of skills and experience required to acquire, develop and commercialize products successfully. Competition to hire from this limited pool is intense, and we may be unable to hire, train, retain or motivate such additional personnel.

 

If we establish international operations, we will face risks associated with our international operations that could harm our financial condition and results of operations

 

We have operations in the United States and plan to establish international operations. As is the case with most international operations, the success and profitability of these operations are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties that include, in addition to the risks our business as a whole faces, the following:

 

  difficulties and costs of staffing and managing foreign operations;

 

  differing regulatory and industry standards and certification requirements;

 

  the complexity of regulation in foreign tax jurisdictions;

 

  reduced protection for intellectual property rights in some countries;

 

  currency exchange rate fluctuations; and

 

  import or export licensing requirements.

 

Risks Related to Our Common Stock

 

Fluctuations in our operating results could affect the price of our common stock

 

Our operating results may vary from period to period based on factors including the amount and timing of sales of Angiomax, underlying hospital demand for Angiomax, our customers’ buying patterns, the timing, expenses and results of clinical trials, announcements regarding clinical trial results and product introductions by us or our competitors, the availability and timing of third party reimbursement, including in Europe, sales and marketing expenses and the timing of regulatory approvals. If our operating results do not meet the expectations of securities analysts and investors as a result of these or other factors, the trading price of our common stock will likely decrease.

 

 

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Our stock price has been and may in the future be volatile. This volatility may make it difficult for you to sell common stock when you want or at attractive prices

 

Our common stock has been and in the future may be subject to substantial price volatility. From January 1, 2005 to September 30, 2007, the last reported sale price of our common stock ranged from a high of $36.18 per share to a low of $14.26 per share. The value of your investment could decline due to the effect of any of the following factors upon the market price of our common stock:

 

  changes in securities analysts’ estimates of our financial performance;

 

  changes in valuations of similar companies;

 

  variations in our operating results;

 

  acquisitions and strategic partnerships;

 

  announcements of technological innovations or new commercial products by us or our competitors;

 

  disclosure of results of clinical testing or regulatory proceedings by us or our competitors;

 

  the timing, amount and receipt of revenue from sales of our products and margins on sales of our products;

 

  governmental regulation and approvals;

 

  developments in patent rights or other proprietary rights;

 

  changes in our management; and

 

  general market conditions.

 

In addition, the stock market has experienced significant price and volume fluctuations, and the market prices of specialty pharmaceutical companies have been highly volatile. Moreover, broad market and industry fluctuations that are not within our control may adversely affect the trading price of our common stock. You must be willing to bear the risk of fluctuations in the price of our common stock and the risk that the value of your investment in our securities could decline.

 

Our corporate governance structure, including provisions in our certificate of incorporation and by-laws and Delaware law, may prevent a change in control or management that security holders may consider desirable

 

Section 203 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware and our certificate of incorporation and by-laws contain provisions that might enable our management to resist a takeover of our company or discourage a third party from attempting to take over our company. These provisions include the inability of stockholders to act by written consent or to call special meetings, a classified board of directors and the ability of our board of directors to designate the terms of and issue new series of preferred stock without stockholder approval.

 

These provisions could have the effect of delaying, deferring, or preventing a change in control of us or a change in our management that stockholders may consider favorable or beneficial. These provisions could also discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for stockholders to elect directors and take other corporate actions. These provisions could also limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock or our other securities.

 

Item 6. Exhibits

 

(a)

 

Exhibits

 

 

See the Exhibit Index on the page immediately preceding the exhibits for a list of exhibits filed as part of this quarterly report, which Exhibit Index is incorporated herein by this reference.

 

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SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 

 

THE MEDICINES COMPANY

 

 

 

 

Date:  November 8, 2007

 

By:

/s/ Glenn P. Sblendorio

 

 

 

Glenn P. Sblendorio

 

 

 

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial

 

 

 

Officer

 

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EXHIBIT INDEX

 

Exhibit Number

 

Description

 

 

 

10.1*

 

Termination and Transition Agreement dated July 1, 2007 between the Registrant and Nycomed Danmark ApS

 

 

 

10.2*

 

Distribution Agreement dated July 1, 2007 between the Registrant and Nycomed Danmark ApS

 

 

 

10.3*

 

Services Agreement dated July 1, 2007 between the Registrant and Nycomed Danmark ApS

 

 

 

10.4*

 

Amendment to License Agreement dated July 6, 2007 between the Registrant and AstraZeneca AB.

 

 

 

31.1

 

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

 

 

 

31.2

 

Chief Financial Officer Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

 

 

 

32.1

 

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

 

 

 

32.2

 

Chief Financial Officer Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

 


*    Portions of the exhibit have been redacted and are subject to a confidential treatment request filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule 24b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

 

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