at $85.00 Net Per Share in Cash Pursuant to the Offer to Purchase dated December 5, 2019 by
Medusa Merger Corporation, an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Novartis AG

The undersigned represents that I (we) have full authority to surrender without restriction the certificate(s) listed below. You are hereby authorized and instructed to deliver to the address indicated below (unless otherwise instructed in the boxes in the following page) a check representing a cash payment for shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of The Medicines Company (the "Company") (collectively, the "Shares") tendered pursuant to this Letter of Transmittal, at a price of $85.00 per share, net to the seller in cash, without interest thereon and subject to any tax withholding, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Offer to Purchase, dated December 5,2019 (as it may be amended or supplemented from time to time, the "Offer to Purchase" and, together with this Letter of Transmittal, as it may be amended or supplemented from time to time, the "Offer").

Method of delivery of the certificate(s) is at the option and risk of the owner thereof. See Instruction 2.

Mail or deliver this Letter of Transmittal, together with the certificate(s) representing your shares, to:

Pursuant to the offer of Medusa Merger Corporation ("Purchaser") to purchase all outstanding Shares of the Company, the undersigned encloses herewith and surrenders the following certificate(s) representing Shares of the Company:

DESCRIPTION OF SHARES SURRENDERED

Name(s) and Address(es) of Registered Owner(s)
(If blank, please fill in exactly as name(s) appear(s)
on share certificate(s))

Shares Surrendered
(attached additional list if necessary)

Certificated Shares**

Certificate Number(s)*

Total Number of
Shares
Represented by
Certificate(s)*

Number of Shares
Surrendered**

Book Entry Shares
Surrendered

Total Shares

* Need not be completed by book-entry stockholders.

** Unless otherwise indicated, it will be assumed that all shares of common stock represented by certificates described above are being surrendered hereby.

PLEASE READ THE INSTRUCTIONS ACCOMPANYING THIS LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL CAREFULLY BEFORE COMPLETING THIS LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.

IF YOU WOULD LIKE ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL OR ANY OF THE OTHER OFFERING DOCUMENTS, YOU SHOULD CONTACT THE INFORMATION AGENT, INNISFREE M&A INCORPORATED AT (212) 750-5833 IF YOU ARE A BANK OR BROKER OR (888) 750-5834 IF YOU ARE A STOCKHOLDER.

You have received this Letter of Transmittal in connection with the offer of Medusa Merger Corporation, a Delaware corporation ("Purchaser") and an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Novartis AG, a company organized under the laws of Switzerland ("Parent"), to purchase all outstanding shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share (collectively, the "Shares"), of The Medicines Company, a Delaware corporation ("the Company"), at a price of $85.00 per Share, net to the seller in cash, without interest thereon and subject to any tax withholding, as described in the Offer to Purchase, dated December 5, 2019 (as it may be amended or supplemented from time to time, the "Offer to Purchase" and, together with this Letter of Transmittal, as it may be amended or supplemented from time to time, the "Offer").

You should use this Letter of Transmittal to deliver to American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC (the "Depositary") Shares represented by stock certificates, or held in book-entry form on the books of the Company, for tender. If you are delivering your Shares by book-entry transfer to an account maintained by the Depositary at The Depository Trust Company ("DTC"), you must use an Agent's Message (as defined in Instruction 2 below). In this Letter of Transmittal, stockholders who deliver certificates representing their Shares are referred to as "Certificate Stockholders," and stockholders who deliver their Shares through book-entry transfer are referred to as "Book-Entry Stockholders."

If certificates for your Shares are not immediately available or you cannot deliver your certificates and all other required documents to the Depositary prior to the Offer Expiration Time or you cannot complete the book-entry transfer procedures prior to the Offer Expiration Time, you may nevertheless tender your Shares according to the guaranteed delivery procedures set forth in Section 3 of the Offer to Purchase. See Instruction 2 below. Delivery of documents to DTC will not constitute delivery to the Depositary.

NOTE: SIGNATURES MUST BE PROVIDED BELOW.
PLEASE READ THE ACCOMPANYING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY.

The undersigned hereby tenders to Medusa Merger Corporation, a Delaware corporation ("Purchaser") and an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Novartis AG, a company organized under the laws of Switzerland ("Parent"), the above-described shares of common stock (the "Shares"), par value $0.001 per share, of The Medicines Company, a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), at a price of $85.00 per Share, net to the seller in cash, without interest and subject to any tax withholding, on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Offer to Purchase, receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, and this Letter of Transmittal (as it may be amended or supplemented from time to time, this "Letter of Transmittal" and, together with the Offer to Purchase, as it may be amended or supplemented from time to time, the "Offer"). The undersigned understands that Purchaser reserves the right to transfer or assign, from time to time, in whole or in part, to one or more of its affiliates, the right to purchase the Shares tendered herewith.

On the terms and subject to the conditions of the Offer (including, if the Offer is extended or amended, the terms and conditions of such extension or amendment), subject to, and effective upon, acceptance for payment and payment for the Shares validly tendered herewith, and not properly withdrawn pursuant to the Offer and prior to the Offer Expiration Time, the undersigned hereby sells, assigns and transfers to, or upon the order of, Purchaser, all right, title and interest in and to all of the Shares being tendered hereby and any and all cash dividends, distributions, rights, other Shares or other securities or rights issued or issuable in respect of such Shares on or after December 5, 2019 (collectively, "Distributions"). In addition, the undersigned hereby irrevocably appoints American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC (the "Depositary") the true and lawful agent and attorney-in-fact and proxy of the undersigned with respect to such Shares and any Distributions with full power of substitution (such proxies and power of attorney being deemed to be an irrevocable power coupled with an interest in the tendered shares) to the full extent of such stockholder's rights with respect to such Shares and any Distributions (a) to deliver certificates representing Shares (the "Share Certificates") and any Distributions, or transfer of ownership of such Shares and any Distributions on the account books maintained by DTC, together, in either such case, with all accompanying evidence of transfer and authenticity, to or upon the order of Purchaser, (b) to present such Shares and any Distributions for transfer on the books of the Company, and (c) to receive all benefits and otherwise exercise all rights of beneficial ownership of such Shares and any Distributions, all in accordance with the terms and subject to the conditions of the Offer.

The undersigned hereby irrevocably appoints each of the designees of Purchaser the attorneys-in-fact and proxies of the undersigned, each with full power of substitution, to the full extent of such stockholder's rights with respect to the Shares tendered hereby which have been accepted for payment and with respect to any Distributions. The designees of Purchaser will, with respect to the Shares and any associated Distributions for which the appointment is effective, be empowered to exercise all voting and any other rights of such stockholder, as they, in their sole discretion, may deem proper at any annual, special, adjourned or postponed meeting of the Company's stockholders, by written consent in lieu of any such meeting or otherwise. This proxy and power of attorney shall be irrevocable and coupled with an interest in the tendered Shares. Such appointment is effective when, and only to the extent that, Purchaser accepts the Shares tendered with this Letter of Transmittal for payment pursuant to the Offer. Upon the effectiveness of such appointment, without further action, all prior powers of attorney, proxies and consents given by the undersigned with respect to such Shares and any associated Distributions will be revoked and no subsequent powers of attorney, proxies, consents or revocations may be given (and, if given, will not be deemed effective). Purchaser reserves the right to require that, in order for Shares to be deemed validly tendered, immediately upon Purchaser's acceptance for payment of such Shares, Purchaser must be able to exercise full voting, consent and other rights, to the extent permitted under applicable law, with respect to such Shares and

any associated Distributions, including voting at any meeting of stockholders or executing a written consent concerning any matter.

The undersigned hereby represents and warrants that the undersigned has full power and authority to tender, sell, assign and transfer the Shares and any Distributions tendered hereby and, when the same are accepted for payment by Purchaser, Purchaser will acquire good, marketable and unencumbered title thereto, free and clear of all liens, restrictions, charges and encumbrances and the same will not be subject to any adverse claim. The undersigned hereby represents and warrants that the undersigned is the registered owner of the Shares, or the Share Certificate(s) have been endorsed to the undersigned in blank, or the undersigned is a participant in DTC whose name appears on a security position listing as the owner of the Shares. The undersigned will, upon request, execute and deliver any additional documents deemed by the Depositary or Purchaser to be necessary or desirable to complete the sale, assignment and transfer of the Shares and any Distributions tendered hereby. In addition, the undersigned shall promptly remit and transfer to the Depositary for the account of Purchaser any and all Distributions in respect of the Shares tendered hereby, accompanied by appropriate documentation of transfer and, pending such remittance or appropriate assurance thereof, Purchaser shall be entitled to all rights and privileges as owner of any such Distributions and may withhold the entire purchase price or deduct from the purchase price the amount or value thereof, as determined by Purchaser in its sole discretion.

It is understood that the undersigned will not receive payment for the Shares unless and until the Shares are accepted for payment and until the Share Certificate(s) owned by the undersigned are received by the Depositary at the address set forth above, together with such additional documents as the Depositary may require, or, in the case of Shares held in book-entry form, ownership of Shares is validly transferred on the account books maintained by DTC, and until the same are processed for payment by the Depositary.

IT IS UNDERSTOOD THAT THE METHOD OF DELIVERY OF THE SHARES, THE SHARE CERTIFICATE(S) AND ALL OTHER REQUIRED DOCUMENTS (INCLUDING DELIVERY THROUGH DTC) IS AT THE OPTION AND RISK OF THE UNDERSIGNED AND THAT THE RISK OF LOSS OF SUCH SHARES, SHARE CERTIFICATE(S) AND OTHER DOCUMENTS SHALL PASS ONLY AFTER THE DEPOSITARY HAS ACTUALLY RECEIVED THE SHARES OR SHARE CERTIFICATE(S). IF DELIVERY IS BY MAIL, IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT ALL SUCH DOCUMENTS BE SENT BY PROPERLY INSURED REGISTERED MAIL WITH RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED. IN ALL CASES, SUFFICIENT TIME SHOULD BE ALLOWED TO ENSURE TIMELY DELIVERY.

All authority conferred or agreed to be conferred pursuant to this Letter of Transmittal shall not be affected by, and shall survive, the death or incapacity of the undersigned and any obligation of the undersigned hereunder shall be binding upon the heirs, executors, administrators, trustees in bankruptcy, personal representatives, successors and assigns of the undersigned. Except as stated in the Offer to Purchase, this tender is irrevocable.

The undersigned understands that the acceptance for payment by Purchaser of Shares tendered pursuant to one of the procedures described in Section 3 of the Offer to Purchase and in the instructions hereto will constitute a binding agreement between the undersigned and Purchaser upon the terms and subject to the conditions of the Offer.

Unless otherwise indicated herein under "Special Payment Instructions," please issue the check for the purchase price in the name(s) of, and/or return any Share Certificates representing Shares not tendered or accepted for payment to, the registered owner(s) appearing under "Description of Shares Tendered." Similarly, unless otherwise indicated under "Special Delivery Instructions," please mail the check for the purchase price and/or return any Share Certificates representing Shares not tendered or accepted for payment (and accompanying documents, as appropriate) to the address(es) of the

registered owner(s) appearing under "Description of Shares Tendered." In the event that both the Special Delivery Instructions and the Special Payment Instructions are completed, please issue the check for the purchase price and/or issue any Share Certificates representing Shares not tendered or accepted for payment (and any accompanying documents, as appropriate) in the name of, and deliver such check and/or return such Share Certificates (and any accompanying documents, as appropriate) to, the person or persons so indicated. Unless otherwise indicated herein in the box titled "Special Payment Instructions," please credit any Shares tendered hereby or by an Agent's Message and delivered by book-entry transfer, but which are not purchased, by crediting the account at DTC designated above. The undersigned recognizes that Purchaser has no obligation pursuant to the Special Payment Instructions to transfer any Shares from the name of the registered owner thereof if Purchaser does not accept for payment any of the Shares so tendered.

SPECIAL PAYMENT INSTRUCTIONS
(See Instructions 1, 4, 5 and 7)

To be completed ONLY if Share Certificate(s) not tendered or not accepted for payment and/or the check for the purchase price in consideration of Shares accepted for payment are to be issued in the name of someone other than the undersigned or if Shares tendered by book-entry transfer which are not accepted for payment are to be returned by credit to an account maintained at DTC other than that designated above.


Issue: o Check and/or o Share Certificates to:


Name:


(Please Print)


Address:




		(Include Zip Code)

		(Tax Identification or Social Security Number)
o Credit Shares tendered by book-entry transfer that are not accepted for payment to the DTC account set forth below.
(DTC Account Number)

SPECIAL DELIVERY INSTRUCTIONS
(See Instructions 1, 4, 5 and 7)

To be completed ONLY if Share Certificate(s) not tendered or not accepted for payment and/or the check for the purchase price of Shares accepted for payment are to be sent to someone other than the undersigned or to the undersigned at an address other than that shown in the box titled "Description of Shares Tendered" above.


Deliver: o Check(s) and/or o Share Certificates to:


Name:


(Please Print)


Address:



(Include Zip Code)

IMPORTANT—SIGN HERE
(U.S. Holders Please Also Complete the Enclosed IRS Form W-9)
(Non-U.S. Holders Please Obtain and Complete IRS Form W-8BEN or Other Applicable IRS Form W-8)


(Signature(s) of Stockholder(s))


Dated: , 20

(Must be signed by registered owner(s) exactly as name(s) appear(s) on Share Certificate(s) or on a security position listing or by person(s) authorized to become registered owner(s) by certificates and documents transmitted herewith. If signature is by trustees, executors, administrators, guardians, attorneys-in-fact, officers of corporations or others acting in a fiduciary or representative capacity, please set forth full title and see Instruction 5. For information concerning signature guarantees, see Instruction 1.)


Name(s):		(Please Print)


Capacity (full title):


Address:


(Include Zip Code)


Area Code and Telephone Number:


Tax Identification or


Social Security No.:

1. Guarantee of Signatures. Except as otherwise provided below, all signatures on this Letter of Transmittal must be guaranteed by a financial institution (including most commercial banks, savings and loan associations and brokerage houses) that is a member in good standing of a recognized Medallion Program approved by the Securities Transfer Association, Inc., including the Security Transfer Agents Medallion Program, the New York Stock Exchange Medallion Signature Program and the Stock Exchanges Medallion Program (each, an "Eligible Institution"). Signatures on this Letter of Transmittal need not be guaranteed (a) if this Letter of Transmittal is signed by the registered owner(s) (which term, for purposes of this document, includes any participant in any of DTC's systems whose name appears on a security position listing as the owner of the Shares) of Shares tendered herewith and such registered owner has not completed the box titled "Special Payment Instructions" or the box titled "Special Delivery Instructions" on this Letter of Transmittal or (b) if such Shares are tendered for the account of an Eligible Institution. See Instruction 5.

2. Delivery of Letter of Transmittal and Certificates. This Letter of Transmittal is to be completed by stockholders if Share Certificates are to be forwarded herewith. If tenders are to be made pursuant to the procedures for tender by book-entry transfer set forth in Section 3 of the Offer to Purchase, an Agent's Message must be utilized. A manually executed facsimile of this document may be used in lieu of the original. Share Certificates representing all physically tendered Shares as well as this Letter of Transmittal properly completed and duly executed with any required signature guarantees, or an Agent's Message in the case of a book-entry transfer, and any other documents required by this Letter of Transmittal, must be received by the Depositary at its address set forth herein prior to the Offer Expiration Time (as defined in Section 1 of the Offer to Purchase). Please do not send your Share Certificates directly to Purchaser, Parent, or the Company.

Stockholders whose Share Certificates are not immediately available or who cannot deliver all other required documents to the Depositary prior to the Offer Expiration Time or who cannot complete the procedures for book-entry transfer prior to the Offer Expiration Time may nevertheless tender their Shares by properly completing and duly executing a Notice of Guaranteed Delivery pursuant to the guaranteed delivery procedure set forth in Section 3 of the Offer to Purchase. Pursuant to such procedure: (a) such tender must be made by or through an Eligible Institution, (b) a properly completed and duly executed Notice of Guaranteed Delivery substantially in the form provided by Purchaser must be received by the Depositary prior to the Offer Expiration Time, and (c) Share Certificates representing all tendered Shares, in proper form for transfer, this Letter of Transmittal (or facsimile thereof), properly completed and duly executed with any required signature guarantees (or, in the case of a book-entry transfer, an Agent's Message), and all other documents required by this Letter of Transmittal, if any, must be received by the Depositary within two NASDAQ Global Select Market trading days after the date of execution of such Notice of Guaranteed Delivery.

A properly completed and duly executed Letter of Transmittal (or facsimile thereof) must accompany each such delivery of Share Certificates to the Depositary.

The term "Agent's Message" means a message, transmitted through electronic means by DTC in accordance with the normal procedures of DTC and the Depositary, to, and received by, the Depositary, which states that DTC has received an express acknowledgment from the participant tendering the Shares that such participant has received and agrees to be bound by the terms of the Letter of Transmittal and that Purchaser may enforce such agreement against the participant. The term "Agent's Message" also includes any hard copy printout evidencing such message generated by a computer terminal maintained at the Depositary's office.

THE METHOD OF DELIVERY OF THE SHARES, THIS LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL AND ALL OTHER REQUIRED DOCUMENTS, INCLUDING DELIVERY THROUGH DTC, IS AT THE

ELECTION AND RISK OF THE TENDERING STOCKHOLDER. DELIVERY OF ALL SUCH DOCUMENTS WILL BE DEEMED MADE AND RISK OF LOSS OF THE SHARE CERTIFICATES SHALL PASS ONLY WHEN ACTUALLY RECEIVED BY THE DEPOSITARY. IF SUCH DELIVERY IS BY MAIL, IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT ALL SUCH DOCUMENTS BE SENT BY PROPERLY INSURED REGISTERED MAIL WITH RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED. IN ALL CASES, SUFFICIENT TIME SHOULD BE ALLOWED TO ENSURE TIMELY DELIVERY.

No alternative, conditional or contingent tenders will be accepted and no fractional Shares will be purchased. All tendering stockholders, by execution of this Letter of Transmittal (or facsimile thereof), waive any right to receive any notice of the acceptance of their Shares for payment.

All questions as to validity, form and eligibility (including time of receipt) of the surrender of any Share Certificate hereunder, including questions as to the proper completion or execution of any Letter of Transmittal, Notice of Guaranteed Delivery or other required documents and as to the proper form for transfer of any certificate of Shares, will be determined by Purchaser in its sole discretion (which may delegate power in whole or in part to the Depositary) which determination will be final and binding. Purchaser reserves the absolute right to reject any and all tenders determined by it not to be in proper form or the acceptance for payment of or payment for which may be unlawful. Purchaser also reserves the absolute right to waive any defect or irregularity in the surrender of any Shares or Share Certificate(s) whether or not similar defects or irregularities are waived in the case of any other stockholder. A surrender will not be deemed to have been validly made until all defects and irregularities have been cured or waived.

3. Inadequate Space. If the space provided herein is inadequate, the certificate numbers and/or the number of Shares should be listed on a separate schedule attached hereto and separately signed on each page thereof in the same manner as this Letter of Transmittal is signed.

4. Partial Tenders (Applicable to Certificate Stockholders Only). If fewer than all the Shares evidenced by any Share Certificate delivered to the Depositary are to be tendered, fill in the number of Shares which are to be tendered in the column titled "Number of Shares Tendered" in the box titled "Description of Shares Tendered." In such cases, new certificate(s) for the remainder of the Shares that were evidenced by the old certificate(s) but not tendered will be sent to the registered owner, unless otherwise provided in the appropriate box on this Letter of Transmittal, as soon as practicable after the Offer Expiration Time. All Shares represented by Share Certificates delivered to the Depositary will be deemed to have been tendered unless otherwise indicated.

5. Signatures on Letter of Transmittal; Stock Powers and Endorsements. If this Letter of Transmittal is signed by the registered owner(s) of the Shares tendered hereby, the signature(s) must correspond with the name(s) as written on the face of the Share Certificate(s) without alteration or any other change whatsoever.

If any Shares tendered hereby are owned of record by two or more joint owners, all such owners must sign this Letter of Transmittal.

If any tendered Shares are registered in the names of different holder(s), it will be necessary to complete, sign and submit as many separate Letters of Transmittal (or facsimiles thereof) as there are different registrations of such Shares.

If this Letter of Transmittal or any certificates or stock powers are signed by trustees, executors, administrators, guardians, attorneys-in-fact, officers of corporations or others acting in a fiduciary or representative capacity, such persons should so indicate when signing, and proper evidence satisfactory to Purchaser of their authority so to act must be submitted.

If this Letter of Transmittal is signed by the registered owner(s) of the Shares listed and transmitted hereby, no endorsements of Share Certificates or separate stock powers are required unless payment is to be made to, or Share Certificates representing Shares not tendered or accepted for

payment are to be issued in the name of, a person other than the registered owner(s), in which case the Share Certificates representing the Shares tendered by this Letter of Transmittal must be endorsed or accompanied by appropriate stock powers, in either case, signed exactly as the name(s) of the registered owner(s) or holder(s) appear(s) on the Share Certificates. Signatures on such Share Certificates or stock powers must be guaranteed by an Eligible Institution.

If this Letter of Transmittal is signed by a person other than the registered owner(s) of the Share(s) listed, the Share Certificate(s) must be endorsed or accompanied by the appropriate stock powers, in either case, signed exactly as the name or names of the registered owner(s) or holder(s) appear(s) on the Share Certificate(s). Signatures on such Share Certificates or stock powers must be guaranteed by an Eligible Institution.

6. Transfer Taxes. Purchaser will pay any transfer taxes with respect to the transfer and sale of Shares to it or to its order pursuant to the Offer (for the avoidance of doubt, transfer taxes do not include income or withholding taxes). If, however, payment of the purchase price is to be made to, or (in the circumstances permitted hereby) if Share Certificates not tendered or accepted for payment are to be registered in the name of, any person other than the registered owner(s), or if tendered Share Certificates are registered in the name of any person other than the person signing this Letter of Transmittal, the amount of any transfer taxes (whether imposed on the registered owner(s) or such person) payable on account of the transfer to such person will be deducted from the purchase price unless satisfactory evidence of the payment of such taxes, or exemption therefrom, is submitted.

Except as provided in this Instruction 6, it will not be necessary for transfer tax stamps to be affixed to the Share Certificates listed in this Letter of Transmittal.

7. Special Payment and Delivery Instructions. If a check for the purchase price is to be issued, and/or Share Certificates representing Shares not tendered or accepted for payment are to be issued or returned to, a person other than the signer(s) of this Letter of Transmittal or to an address other than that shown in the box titled "Description of Shares Tendered" above, the appropriate boxes on this Letter of Transmittal should be completed. Stockholders delivering Shares tendered hereby or by Agent's Message by book-entry transfer may request that Shares not purchased be credited to an account maintained at DTC as such stockholder may designate in the box titled "Special Payment Instructions" herein. If no such instructions are given, all such Shares not purchased will be returned by crediting the same account at DTC as the account from which such Shares were delivered.

8. Requests for Assistance or Additional Copies. Questions or requests for assistance may be directed to the Information Agent at its address and telephone number set forth below or to your broker, dealer, commercial bank or trust company. Additional copies of the Offer to Purchase, this Letter of Transmittal, the Notice of Guaranteed Delivery and other tender offer materials may be obtained from the Information Agent as set forth below, and will be furnished at Purchaser's expense.

9. Backup Withholding. Under U.S. federal income tax laws, the Depositary will be required to withhold a portion of the amount of any payments made to certain stockholders pursuant to the Offer or the Merger (as defined in the Offer), as applicable. In order to avoid such backup withholding, each tendering stockholder or payee that is a United States person (for U.S. federal income tax purposes), must provide the Depositary with such stockholder's or payee's correct taxpayer identification number ("TIN") and certify that such stockholder or payee is not subject to such backup withholding by completing the attached Form W-9. Certain stockholders or payees (such as corporations) are not subject to these backup withholding and reporting requirements. A foreign tendering stockholder should complete, sign, and submit to the Depositary the appropriate Form W-8. A Form W-8 may be obtained from the Depositary or downloaded from the Internal Revenue Service's website at the following address: http://www.irs.gov. Failure to complete the Form W-9 or Form W-8 will not, by itself, cause Shares to be deemed invalidly tendered, but may require the Depositary to withhold a portion of the amount of any payments made of the Offer Price pursuant to the Offer.

NOTE: FAILURE TO COMPLETE AND RETURN THE FORM W-9 MAY RESULT IN BACKUP WITHHOLDING OF A PORTION OF ANY PAYMENTS MADE TO YOU PURSUANT TO THE OFFER. PLEASE REVIEW THE "IMPORTANT TAX INFORMATION" SECTION BELOW.

10. Lost, Destroyed, Mutilated or Stolen Share Certificates. If any Share Certificate has been lost, destroyed, mutilated or stolen, the stockholder should promptly notify the Company's stock transfer agent, American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC at (800) 937-5449. The stockholder will then be instructed as to the steps that must be taken in order to replace the Share Certificate. This Letter of Transmittal and related documents cannot be processed until the procedures for replacing lost, mutilated, destroyed or stolen Share Certificates have been followed.

11. Waiver of Conditions. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Merger Agreement (as defined in the Offer to Purchase) and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, the conditions of the Offer may be waived by Purchaser in whole or in part at any time and from time to time in its sole discretion.

IMPORTANT: THIS LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL (OR A MANUALLY EXECUTED FACSIMILE COPY THEREOF) OR AN AGENT'S MESSAGE, TOGETHER WITH SHARE CERTIFICATE(S) OR A PROPERLY COMPLETED AND DULY EXECUTED NOTICE OF GUARANTEED DELIVERY AND ALL OTHER REQUIRED DOCUMENTS, MUST BE RECEIVED BY THE DEPOSITARY PRIOR TO THE OFFER EXPIRATION TIME.

Under current U.S. federal income tax law, a Stockholder who tenders the Company's stock certificates that are accepted for exchange may be subject to backup withholding.

In order to avoid such backup withholding, the United States Stockholder must provide the Paying Agent with such Stockholder's correct taxpayer identification number and certify that such Stockholder is not subject to such backup withholding by completing the Substitute Form W-9 provided herewith. In general, if a United States Stockholder is an individual, the taxpayer identification number is the Social Security number of such individual. If the Paying Agent is not provided with the correct taxpayer identification number, the Stockholder may be subject to a $50 penalty imposed by the Internal Revenue Service. For further information concerning backup withholding and instructions for completing the Substitute Form W-9 (including how to obtain a taxpayer identification number if you do not have one and how to complete the Substitute Form W-9 if the Company's stock certificates are held in more than one name), consult the enclosed Guidelines for Certification of Taxpayer Identification Number on Substitute Form W-9.

Certain Stockholders (such as corporations) are not subject to these backup withholding and reporting requirements. In order to satisfy the Paying Agent that a foreign Stockholder qualifies as an exempt recipient, such Stockholder must submit a statement, signed under penalties of perjury, attesting to that Stockholder's exempt status, on a properly completed Form W-8, or successor form. Such statements can be obtained from the Paying Agent.

Failure to complete the Substitute Form W-9 or Form W-8 will not, by itself, cause the Company's stock certificates to be deemed invalidly tendered, but may require the Paying Agent to withhold a portion of the amount of any payments made pursuant to the Offer or the Merger. Backup withholding is not an additional federal income tax. Rather, the federal income tax liability of a person subject to backup withholding will be reduced by the amount of tax withheld. If withholding results in an overpayment of taxes, a refund may be obtained provided that the required information is furnished to the Internal Revenue Service.

NOTE: FAILURE TO COMPLETE AND RETURN THE SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9 OR FORM W-8 MAY RESULT IN BACKUP WITHHOLDING OF A PORTION OF ANY PAYMENTS MADE TO YOU PURSUANT TO THE OFFER OR THE MERGER. PLEASE REVIEW THE ENCLOSED GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION OF TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER ON SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9 FOR ADDITIONAL DETAILS.

PAYER'S NAME: American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC

Part 1—PLEASE PROVIDE YOUR TIN IN THE BOX AT RIGHT AND CERTIFY BY SIGNING AND DATING BELOW

Social Security Number
OR

Employer Identification Number

SUBSTITUTE
FORM W-9

Department of the Treasury
Internal Revenue Service

Part 2—Check appropriate box for federal tax classification; check only one:

o Individual/Sole Proprietor o C Corporation o S Corporation

o Partnership o Trust/estate o Limited Liability Company:

o Other (please specify)

For Limited Liability Companies, please enter the appropriate tax classification on the line provided next to the phrase "Limited Liability Company":

C = C Corporation

S = S Corporation

P =Partnership

Part 3—FOR PAYEES EXEMPT FROM BACKUP WITHHOLDING (See Page 2 of enclosed Guidelines)

Part 4—Certification Under Penalties of Perjury, I certify that:

(1)

The number shown on this form is my current taxpayer identification number (or I am waiting for a number to be issued to me),

Part 5—

Awaiting TIN o

Payer's Request for Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN) and Certification

(2)

I am not subject to backup withholding either because I have not been notified by the Internal Revenue Service (the "IRS") that I am subject to backup withholding as a result of failure to report all interest or dividends, or the IRS has notified me that I am no longer subject to backup withholding and

(3)

I am a U.S. person (including a U.S. resident alien).

(4)

The FATCA code(s) entered on this form (if any) indicating that I am exempt from FATCA reporting is correct.

Certification instructions—You must cross out item (2) in Part 4 above if you have been notified by the IRS that you are subject to backup withholding because of underreporting interest or dividends on your tax return. However, if after being notified by the IRS that you are subject to backup withholding you receive another notification from the IRS stating that you are no longer subject to backup withholding, do not cross out item (2).

SIGNATURE                          DATE

NAME

ADDRESS

CITY              STATE              ZIP CODE

YOU MUST COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING CERTIFICATE IF YOU
CHECK THE BOX IN PART 5 OF SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9



		PAYER'S NAME: American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC CERTIFICATE OF AWAITING TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER
		I certify, under penalties of perjury, that a taxpayer identification number has not been issued to me, and either (a) I have mailed or delivered an application to receive a taxpayer identification number to the appropriate Internal Revenue Service Center or Social Security Administration Office or (b) I intend to mail or deliver an application in the near future. I understand that if I do not provide a taxpayer identification number before payment is made, a portion of such reportable payment will be withheld.
		Signature		Date

NOTE: FAILURE TO COMPLETE AND RETURN THIS FORM MAY RESULT IN BACKUP WITHHOLDING OF A PORTION OF ANY PAYMENT MADE TO YOU PURSUANT TO THE OFFER OR THE MERGER. PLEASE REVIEW THE ENCLOSED GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION OF TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION NUMBER ON SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9 FOR ADDITIONAL DETAILS.

GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION OF TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION
NUMBER ON SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9

Guidelines for Determining the Proper Identification Number to Give the Payer—Social Security Numbers have nine digits separated by two hyphens: i.e., 000-00-0000. Employer Identification Numbers have nine digits separated by only one hyphen: i.e., 00-0000000. The table below will help determine the number to give the payer.

For this type of account:			Give the SOCIAL SECURITY number of—	For this type of account:		Give the EMPLOYER IDENTIFICATION number of—

1.	An individual's account		The individual	8.	Sole proprietorship account	The owner(4)
2.	Two or more individuals (joint account)		The actual owner of the account or, if combined funds, the first individual on the account(1)	9.	A valid trust, estate or pension trust	The legal entity(5)
3.	Husband and wife (joint account)		The actual owner of the account or, if joint funds, the first individual on the account(1)	10.	Corporate account	The corporation
4.	Custodian account of a minor (Uniform Gift to Minors Act)		The minor(2)	11.	Religious, charitable, or educational organization account	The organization
5.	Adult and minor (joint account)		The adult or, if the minor is the only contributor, the minor(1)	12.	Partnership account held in the name of the business	The partnership
6.	Account in the name of guardian or committee for a designated ward, minor, or incompetent person		The ward, minor, or incompetent person(3)	13.	Association, club, or other tax-exempt organization	The organization
7.	a.	The usual revocable savings trust account (grantor is also trustee)	The grantor-trustee(1)	14.	A broker or registered nominee	The broker or nominee
	b.	So-called trust account that is not a legal or valid trust under state law	The actual owner(1)	15.	Account with the Department of Agriculture in the name of a public entity (such as a state or local government, school district, or prison) that receives agricultural program payments	The public entity

(1): List first and circle the name of the person whose number you furnish. If only one person on a joint account has a social security number, that person's number must be furnished.
(2): Circle the minor's name and furnish the minor's social security number.
(3): Circle the ward's, minor's or incompetent person's name and furnish such person's social security number.
(4): You must show your individual name, but you may also enter your business or "doing business as" name. You may use either your social security number or employer identification number (if you have one).
(5): List first and circle the name of the legal trust, estate, or pension trust. Do not furnish the taxpayer identification number of the personal representative or trustee unless the legal entity itself is not designated in the account title.

Note:If no name is circled when there is more than one name, the number will be considered to be that of the first name listed.

GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION OF TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION
NUMBER ON SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9
Page 2

If you do not have a TIN, apply for one immediately. To apply for an SSN, get Form SS-5, Application for a Social Security Card, from your local SSA office or get this form online at www.SSA.gov. You may also get this form by calling 1-800-772-1213. Use Form W-7, Application for IRS Individual Taxpayer Identification Number, to apply for an ITIN, or Form SS-4, Application for Employer Identification Number, to apply for an EIN. You can apply for an EIN online by accessing the IRS website at www.irs.gov/Businesses and clicking on Employer Identification Number (EIN) under Starting a Business. Go to www.irs.gov/Forms to view, download, or print Form W-7 and/or Form SS-4. Or, you can go to www.irs.gov/OrderForms to place an order and have Form W-7 and/or SS-4 mailed to you within 10 business days.

Payments of dividends and patronage dividends not generally subject to backup withholding include the following:

Payments of interest not generally subject to backup withholding include the following:

Exempt payees described above should file Form W-9 to avoid possible erroneous backup withholding. FILE THIS FORM WITH THE PAYER, FURNISH YOUR TIN, WRITE "EXEMPT" IN PART 3 OF THE FORM, SIGN AND DATE THE FORM AND RETURN IT TO THE PAYER.

Certain payments other than interest, dividends, and patronage dividends, which are not subject to information reporting are also not subject to backup withholding. For details, see the regulations under Sections 6041,6041A, 6045, 6050A and 6050N.

Privacy Act Notice.—Section 6109 of the Internal Revenue Code requires you to provide your correct TIN to persons (including federal agencies) who are required to file information returns with the IRS to report interest, dividends, or certain other income paid to you; mortgage interest you paid; the acquisition or abandonment of secured property; the cancellation of debt; or contributions you made to an IRA, Archer MSA, or HSA. The person collecting this form uses the information on the form to file information returns with the IRS, reporting the above information. Routine uses of this information include giving it to the Department of Justice for civil and criminal litigation and to cities, states, the District of Columbia, and U.S. commonwealths and possessions for use in administering their laws. The information also may be disclosed to other countries under a treaty, to federal and state agencies to enforce civil and criminal laws, or to federal law enforcement and intelligence agencies to combat terrorism. You must provide your TIN whether or not you are required to file a tax return. Under section 3406, payers must generally withhold a percentage of taxable interest, dividend, and certain other payments to a payee who does not give a TIN to the payer. Certain penalties may also apply for providing false or fraudulent information.

(1) Penalty for Failure to Furnish TIN.—If you fail to furnish your TIN to a payer, you are subject to a penalty of $50 for each such failure unless your failure is due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect.

GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION OF TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION
NUMBER ON SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9
Page 3

(2) Civil Penalty for False Information With Respect to Withholding.—If you make a false statement with no reasonable basis which results in no backup withholding, you are subject to a penalty of $500.

(3) Criminal Penalty for Falsifying Information.—Willfully falsifying certifications or affirmations may subject you to criminal penalties including fines and/or imprisonment.

(4) Misuse of TINs.—If the requester discloses or uses TINs in violation of federal law, the requester may be subject to civil and criminal penalties.

FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONTACT YOUR TAX CONSULTANT OR THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE.

DELIVERY OF THIS LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL TO AN ADDRESS OTHER THAN AS SET FORTH ABOVE WILL NOT CONSTITUTE A VALID DELIVERY TO THE DEPOSITARY.

Any questions or requests for assistance may be directed to the Information Agent at its telephone number and location listed below. Requests for additional copies of this Offer to Purchase and the Letter of Transmittal may be directed either to the Information Agent at the telephone numbers and location listed below. You may also contact your broker, dealer, commercial bank or trust company or other nominee for assistance concerning the Offer.


If delivering by hand, express mail, courier, or other expedited service:		By mail:
American Stock Transfer & Trust Co., LLC Operations Center Attn: Reorganization Department 6201 15^th Avenue Brooklyn, New York 11219		American Stock Transfer & Trust Co., LLC Operations Center Attn: Reorganization Department 6201 15^th Avenue Brooklyn, New York 11219


If delivering by hand, express mail, courier, or other expedited service:		By mail:
American Stock Transfer & Trust Co., LLC Operations Center Attn: Reorganization Department 6201 15^th Avenue Brooklyn, New York 11219		American Stock Transfer & Trust Co., LLC Operations Center Attn: Reorganization Department 6201 15^th Avenue Brooklyn, New York 11219


Name of Tendering


Institution:


DTC Participant


Transaction Code