Earnings per Share

Basic earnings (loss) per share is calculated using the weighted average number of shares outstanding during each period. The diluted earnings (loss) per share calculation includes the impact of dilutive common stock options, restricted shares, restricted share units, performance share unit awards, and convertible securities, if applicable.

A reconciliation of basic average common shares outstanding to diluted average common shares outstanding is as follows (in millions):



	Three Months Ended March 31,		Six Months Ended March 31,
	2017	2016	2017	2016
Basic average common shares outstanding	88.2	91.3	87.7	91.9
Impact of restricted shares, restricted share units and performance share units	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.6
Impact of convertible notes	2.7	—	1.3	—
Diluted average common shares outstanding	92.0	92.5	90.2	93.5

In November 2016, the Board of Directors approved a grant of performance share units to all executives eligible to participate in the long-term incentive plan. Each performance share unit represents the right to receive one share of common stock or its cash equivalent upon achievement of certain performance and time vesting criteria. The fair value of each performance share unit was $12.77, which was the company’s share price on the grant date of December 1, 2016. The Board of Directors also approved a grant of 0.5 million restricted share units to these executives. The restricted share units vest at the earlier of three years from the date of grant or upon termination of employment with the company under certain circumstances. The fair value of each restricted share unit was $12.77, which was the company's share price on the grant date of December 1, 2016.

The actual number of performance share units that will vest depends upon the company’s performance relative to the established M2019 goals for the three-year performance period of October 1, 2016 to September 30, 2019, measured at the end of the performance period. The number of performance share units will depend on meeting the established M2019 goals at the following weights: 50% associated with achieving an Adjusted diluted earnings per share from continuing operations target, 25% associated with achieving revenue growth above market, and 25% associated with achieving a Net debt to Adjusted EBITDA target. The number of performance share units that vest will be between 0% and 200% of the grant date amount of 0.6 million performance share units.

In November 2015, the Board of Directors approved a grant of performance share units to all executives eligible to participate in the long-term incentive plan. Each performance share unit represents the right to receive one share of common stock or its cash equivalent upon achievement of certain performance and time vesting criteria. The fair value of each performance share unit was $10.51, which was the company’s share price on the grant date of December 1, 2015. The Board of Directors also approved a grant of 0.5 million restricted share units to these executives. The restricted share units vest at the earlier of three years from the date of grant or upon termination of employment with the company under certain circumstances. The fair value of each restricted share unit was $10.51, which was the company's share price on the grant date of December 1, 2015.

The actual number of performance share units that will vest depends upon the company’s performance relative to the established performance metrics for the three-year performance period of October 1, 2015 to September 30, 2018, measured at the end of the performance period. The number of performance share units that vest will depend on Adjusted EBITDA margin and Adjusted diluted earnings per share from continuing operations at the following weights: 50% associated with achieving an Adjusted EBITDA margin target and 50% associated with achieving an Adjusted diluted earnings per share from continuing operations target. The number of performance share units that vest will be between 0% and 200% of the grant date amount of 0.7 million performance share units.

In November 2014, the Board of Directors approved a grant of performance share units to all executives eligible to participate in the long-term incentive plan. Each performance share unit represents the right to receive one share of common stock or its cash equivalent upon achievement of certain performance and time vesting criteria. The fair value of each performance share unit was $13.74, which was the company’s share price on the grant date of December 1, 2014. The Board of Directors also approved a grant of 0.4 million restricted share units to these executives. The restricted share units vest at the earlier of three years from the date of grant or upon termination of employment with the company under certain circumstances. The fair value of each restricted share unit was $13.74, which was the company’s share price on the grant date of December 1, 2014.

The actual number of performance share units that will vest depends upon the company’s performance relative to the established performance metrics for the three-year performance period of October 1, 2014 to September 30, 2017, measured at the end of the performance period. The number of performance share units that vest will depend on Adjusted EBITDA margin and Adjusted diluted earnings per share from continuing operations at the following weights: 75% associated with achieving an Adjusted EBITDA margin target and 25% associated with achieving an Adjusted diluted earnings per share from continuing operations target. The number of performance share units that vest will be between 0% and 200% of the grant date amount of 0.6 million performance share units.

In November 2013, the Board of Directors approved a grant of performance share units to all executives eligible to participate in the long-term incentive plan. Each performance share unit represented the right to receive one share of common stock or its cash equivalent upon achievement of certain performance and time vesting criteria. The fair value of each performance share unit was $7.97, which was the company’s share price on the grant date of December 1, 2013.

The actual number of performance share units that vested on December 1, 2016 depended upon the company’s performance relative to the established M2016 goals for the three-year performance period of October 1, 2013 to September 30, 2016, which was measured after the end of the performance period. The company's performance resulted in the vesting of the performance share units at 112% of the grant date amounts. There were 0.2 million and 0.6 million shares related to these performance share units included in the diluted earnings per share calculation for the three and six months ended March 31, 2017, respectively, as certain payout thresholds were achieved relative to the established M2016 goals. There were 1.1 million and 1.0 million shares related to these performance share units included in the diluted earnings per share calculation for the three and six months ended March 31, 2016, respectively, as certain payout thresholds were achieved relative to the established M2016 goals.

For the three months ended March 31, 2017, the dilutive impact of previously issued restricted shares, restricted share units, and performance share units was 1.1 million shares, compared to 1.2 million shares for the same period in the prior fiscal year. For the six months ended March 31, 2017, the dilutive impact of previously issued restricted shares, restricted share units, and performance share units was 1.2 million shares, compared to 1.6 million shares for the same period in the prior fiscal year. For the three and six months ended March 31, 2017, compensation cost related to restricted shares, restricted share units, performance share units and stock options was $4 million and $7 million, respectively. For the three and six months ended March 31, 2016, compensation cost related to restricted shares, restricted share units, performance share units and stock options was $3 million and $6 million respectively.

For each of the three and six months ended March 31, 2016, options to purchase 0.7 million and 0.3 million shares of common stock, respectively, were excluded in the computation of diluted earnings per share because their exercise price exceeded the average market price for the periods and thus their inclusion would be anti-dilutive.

For the three and six months ended March 31, 2017, 2.7 million and 1.3 million shares, respectively, were included in the computation of diluted earnings per share, as the company's average stock price during this period exceeded the conversion price for the 7.875 percent convertible notes due 2026. For the three and six months ended March 31, 2016, the company’s 7.875 percent convertible notes due 2026 were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share, as the company’s average stock price during this period was less than the conversion price for the notes.