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Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
For each interim reporting period, the company makes an estimate of the effective tax rate expected to be applicable for the full fiscal year pursuant to FASB ASC Topic 740-270, “Accounting for Income Taxes in Interim Periods.” The rate so determined is used in providing for income taxes on a year-to-date basis. Jurisdictions with a projected loss for the year or an actual year-to-date loss where no tax benefit can be recognized are excluded from the estimated annual effective tax rate. The impact of including these jurisdictions on the quarterly effective rate calculation could result in a higher or lower effective tax rate during a particular quarter, based upon the mix and timing of actual earnings versus annual projections.

Income tax expense (benefit) is allocated among continuing operations, discontinued operations and other comprehensive income (“OCI”). Such allocation is applied by tax jurisdiction, and in periods in which there is a pre-tax loss from continuing operations and pre-tax income in another category, such as discontinued operations or OCI, income tax expense is allocated to the other sources of income, with a related benefit recorded in continuing operations.

In prior years, the company established valuation allowances against its U.S. net deferred tax assets and the net deferred tax assets of its 100-percent-owned subsidiaries in France, the United Kingdom, Brazil, and certain other countries. In evaluating its ability to recover these net deferred tax assets, the company utilizes a consistent approach which considers its historical operating results, including an assessment of the degree to which any gains or losses are driven by items that are unusual in nature, and tax planning strategies. In addition, the company reviews changes in near-term market conditions and other factors that impact future operating results. Continued improvement in the company’s operating results could lead to reversal of some or all of these valuation allowances in the future.

During the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2016, as a result of sustained profitability in the U.S. evidenced by a strong earnings history, future forecasted earnings, and additional positive evidence, the company determined it was more likely than not that it would be able to realize deferred tax assets in the U.S. Accordingly, the company reversed a portion of the valuation allowance in the U.S. Also in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2016, due to a three-year cumulative loss and future economic uncertainty, the company established a tax valuation allowance in Brazil because the company determined it was not more likely than not that it would realize its deferred tax assets in Brazil.

The company continues to maintain valuation allowances in France, the United Kingdom, Brazil, and certain other jurisdictions, as the company believes the negative evidence that it will be able to recover these net deferred tax assets continues to outweigh the positive evidence.

For the three months ended March 31, 2017, the company had approximately $2 million of net pre-tax loss compared to $17 million of net pre-tax income in the same period in fiscal year 2016 in tax jurisdictions in which tax expense (benefit) is not recorded.

For the six months ended March 31, 2017, the company had approximately $3 million of net pre-tax loss compared to $28 million of net pre-tax income in the same period in fiscal year 2016 in tax jurisdictions in which tax expense (benefit) is not recorded.