EX-99.P.2

EX-99.P.2 29 d792795dex99p2.htm EX-99.P.2 EX-99.P.2

INVESCO UK

CODE OF ETHICS

2019

2019 Code of Ethics (UK)

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CONTENTS


SECTION	PAGE

1. Statement of Fiduciary Principles		4

2. Material non-public information and inside information		5

3. Personal Investing Activities, Pre-Clearance and Pre-Notification		7

4. Trade Restrictions on Personal Investing		10

5. Economic Opportunities, Confidentiality and Outside Directorships		14

6. Client Investments in Securities Owned by Invesco Employees		14

7. Certifications and Reporting		15

8. Miscellaneous		17

APPENDICIES

A: Definitions		19

B: Acknowledgement of Receipt of Revised Code of Ethics		21

C. Annual Certification of Compliance with the Code of Ethics		22

D. Types of Transactions in Invesco Shares: Pre-Clearance Guidance		25

E. Data Protection and Processing and Handling of Information		28

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This revised Code of Ethics Policy (‘the Code’) applies to all Employees of all entities of Invesco UK Ltd (“Invesco”) who are based in the UK, Dubai and the Channel Islands. It covers the following topics:

•

Prohibitions related to material, non-public information;

•

Personal securities investing; and

•

Service as a director and other business opportunities.

This Code also imposes on Employees certain restrictions and reporting obligations which are specified below. Adherence to this Code, both letter and spirit, is a fundamental and absolute condition of employment with Invesco.

The following Invesco Policies are referred to in this Code of Ethics and the latest version of each of these Policies can be found on the UK Compliance Intranet Site or the Legal, Compliance and Internal Audit intranet site:

•

Inducements (Non-Monetary Benefits) Policy;

•

Conflicts of Interest Policy;

•

Whistleblowing Policy;

•

Market Abuse Policy;

•

Fraud Policy;

•

Insider Trading Policy; and

•

Anti-Bribery Policy.

It is appreciated that no Code of Ethics can address every circumstance that may give rise to a conflict, a potential conflict or an appearance of a conflict of interest. Every Employee should be alert to any actual, potential or appearance of a conflict of interest with Invesco’s clients and to conduct themselves with good judgment. Failure to exercise good judgment, as well as violations of this Code, may result in the imposition of sanctions on the Employee, including suspension or dismissal. All Covered Persons are required to comply with applicable laws, rules and regulations and this Code. Covered Persons shall promptly report any violations of law or regulations or any provision of this Code of which they become aware to the Compliance Officer or their designee.

The requirements within this Code will apply in full to all permanent Invesco employees. In addition, there are individuals who, whilst not permanent Invesco Employees, have access to Invesco offices and/or systems and who could therefore potentially acquire certain material, non-public information. The applicability of this Code to those individuals is as follows:

Non-Executive Directors: subject to pre-clearance (through the Global Ethics Office) and certification requirements on the purchase and sale of IVZ shares, and in respect of outside interests.

Temporary staff, contractors, consultants, catering staff, post room staff, Physio/GP/Gym staff and security and maintenance staff: the Code will apply where the individual has access to Invesco systems.

Auditors, staff seconded from Legal or Accountancy Firms, Actuarial Function Holder: the Code will apply in full unless Invesco is satisfied that the individual is subject to an equivalent Code.

Cleaning Staff: Code requirements will not apply.

Where individuals do not have access to Star Compliance, the distribution of the Code, the pre-clearance of transactions and other notifications will occur directly with the Compliance Department. Inquiries regarding these requirements and requests to pre-clear should be

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directed to the Global Ethics Office by email to codeofethics@invesco.com or by phone to 0203-219-2799.

1	STATEMENT OF FIDUCIARY PRINCIPALS

1.1

As a fiduciary, Invesco owes an undivided duty of loyalty to its clients. It is Invesco’s policy that all Employees conduct themselves so as to avoid not only actual conflicts of interest with Invesco clients, but also that they refrain from conduct which could give rise to the appearance of a conflict of interest that may compromise the trust our clients have placed in us.

1.2

The Code is designed to ensure, among other things, that the personal securities transactions of all Employees are conducted in accordance with the following general principles:

1.2.1

A duty at all times to place the interests of Invesco’s clients first and foremost;

1.2.2

The requirement that all personal securities transactions be conducted in a manner consistent with this Code and in such a manner as to avoid any actual, potential or appearance of a conflict of interest or any abuse of an Employee’s position of trust and responsibility; and

1.2.3

The requirement that Employees should not take inappropriate advantage of their positions.

1.3

Invesco’s policy is to avoid actual or apparent conflicts of interest but, where they unavoidably occur, to record, manage, and disclose them to prevent abuse and protect our clients, Employees and other counterparties.

1.4

Invesco does not make political contributions with corporate funds. No Employees may, under any circumstances, use company funds to make political contributions, nor may you represent your personal political views as being those of the company.

1.5

Invesco seeks to do business with clients and suppliers on a fair and equitable basis. Employees may not accept or provide gifts, entertainment or other non-monetary benefits of an unreasonable value which could create a conflict with the duty owed to clients. Any limits imposed by our business unit’s policies, local laws, or regulations with respect to the acceptance or provision of gifts, entertainment and non-monetary benefits must be complied with. Invesco lays down written standards regarding the nature of gifts, benefits and entertainment, with strict monetary and frequency limitations. Only gifts, benefits and entertainment which comply with regulatory requirements and internal standards, are designed to enhance the quality of service to customers and do not create conflicts of interest, can be given or received. Subject to regulatory requirements and internal limits, the types of benefits which may be given or received by the Invesco Group include: gifts, hospitality and promotional competition prizes; joint marketing exercises; participation in seminars and conferences; provision of technical services and information technology; training; and travel and accommodation expenses. All gifts, benefits and entertainment provided or received by Invesco or its personnel must be recorded in the relevant Invesco business unit’s Gifts, Benefits and Entertainment Register no later than 30 days after receipt or provision. If there is any doubt about the permissibility of giving or receiving a gift, benefit or entertainment event, Employees should contact the Compliance Department for guidance before this is given or received. Further information can be found in the EMEA Inducements (Non-Monetary Benefits) Policy.

1.6

Invesco does not tolerate bribery. Employees must not offer, give, request, or agree to accept or accept financial or non-financial advantages of any kind where the purpose is to influence a person to behave improperly in their decisions or actions or to reward them for having done so. Charitable donations must not be

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made as an inducement or reward for improper behaviour. Unofficial payments to speed up routine government or other processes must never be made, however small. These restrictions apply to Invesco staff and to anybody appointed to act on Invesco’s behalf and cover relationships with prospective or existing clients or business partners. Further information can be found in the Anti-Bribery Policy.

1.7

It is Invesco UK policy, in the context of being an Asset Manager, to treat its customers fairly.

1.8

No Employee should have ownership in or other interest in or employment by any outside concern which does business with Invesco Ltd. This does not apply to stock or other investments in a publicly held company, provided that the stock and other investments do not, in the aggregate, exceed 5% of the outstanding ownership interests of such company. Invesco Ltd. may, following a review of the relevant facts, permit ownership interests which exceed these amounts if management or the Board of Directors, as appropriate, concludes that such ownership interests will not adversely affect Invesco’s business interests or the judgment of the affected staff.

1.9

Employees are prohibited from using personal hedging strategies or remuneration or liability related contracts of insurance to undermine any risk alignment effects embedded in their remuneration arrangements. This includes, for instance, entering into an arrangement with a third party under which that third party will make payments directly, or indirectly, to the Employee that are linked to, or commensurate with, the amounts by which the Employee’s remuneration is subject to reductions arising from the implementation of EU Directives and associated legislation and regulation.

2	MATERIAL, NON-PUBLIC INFORMATION AND INSIDE INFORMATION

2.1

Restriction on Trading or Recommending Trading Each Employee is reminded that it constitutes a violation of law and/or market abuse regulations for any person to trade in or recommend trading in the securities of a company while in possession of, as appropriate, inside information or material, non-public information concerning that company, or to disclose such information to any person not entitled to receive it if there is reason to believe that such information will be used in connection with a trade in the securities of that company. Violations of law and regulations may give rise to civil as well as criminal liability, including the imposition of monetary penalties or prison sentences upon the individuals involved. Tippees (i.e, persons who receive material, non-public information or inside information) also may be held liable if they trade or if they do not trade but pass along such information to others.

2.2

Material non-public information relates to US legislation and is relevant for US-traded companies and financial instruments. Inside information relates to European legislation and relevant for European traded companies and financial instruments.

2.3

What is material, non-public information? ‘Material information’ is any information about a company which, if disclosed, is likely to affect the market price of the company’s securities or to be considered important by an average investor in deciding whether to purchase or sell those securities. Examples of information which should be presumed to be “material” are matters such as dividend increases or decreases, earnings estimates by the company, changes in the company’s previously released earnings estimates, significant new products or discoveries, major litigation by or against the company, liquidity or solvency problems, extraordinary management developments, significant merger or acquisition proposals, or similar major events which would be viewed as having materially altered the “total mix” of information available regarding the company or the market for any of its securities.

2.4

‘Non-public information’, often referred to as ‘inside information,’ is information that has not yet been publicly disclosed. Information about a company is

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considered to be non-public information if it is received under circumstances which indicate that it is not yet in general circulation and that such information may be attributable, directly or indirectly, to the company or its insiders, or that the recipient knows to have been furnished by someone in breach of a fiduciary obligation. Courts have held that fiduciary relationships exist between a company and another party in a broad variety of situations involving a relationship between a company and its lawyers, investment bankers, financial printers, Employees, technical advisors and others. This list is not exhaustive and the types of fiduciary relationships and the way in which they are formed are extensive.

2.5

What is “inside information”? Inside information is information which:

(a)

is of a precise nature; and

(b)

is not generally available; and

(c)

relates directly or indirectly to one or more issuers of the relevant securities or one or more of the relevant investments; and

(d)

would, if generally available, be likely to have a significant effect on the price of the relevant securities or investments.

Information is precise if it:

(a) indicates circumstances which exist or may reasonably be expected to come into existence, or an event that has occurred or may reasonably be expected to occur, and

(b) is specific enough to enable a conclusion to be drawn as to the possible effect on the price of the relevant instrument or investment.

Information would be likely to have a significant effect on price if and only if it is information of a kind which a reasonable investor would be likely to use as part of the basis of his investment decisions. In other words, it has to be a piece of information which a reasonable investor would use when making a decision to buy or sell a financial instrument. It does not have to be the major reason for the decision, just one of the reasons. Because the information contributes towards a buy or sell decision, and these decisions determine the price of an instrument, the information is viewed as being significant for setting the price of the instrument. The “significant effect on price” does not relate to the size of any price movement of the financial instrument due to the effect of the information.

2.6

Information should not be considered to have been publicly disclosed until a reasonable time after it has been made public (for example, by a press release). Someone with access to inside information may not “beat the market” by trading simultaneously with, or immediately after, the official release of material information.

2.7

The responsibility of ensuring that the proposed transaction does not constitute insider dealing or a conflict with the interests of a client remains with the relevant Employee and obtaining pre-clearance to enter into a transaction under Section 3.3 below does not absolve that responsibility.

2.8

Invesco is in a unique position, being privy to market research and rumours and being privy also to information about its clients which may be public companies. Invesco Employees must be aware and vigilant to ensure that they cannot be accused of being a party of any ‘insider dealing’ or market abuse situations.

2.9

In particular, the following investment activities must not be entered into without carefully ensuring that there are no implications of insider trading:

2.9.1

Trading in shares for a client in any other client of Invesco which is a Company quoted on a recognised stock exchange.

2.9.2

Trading in shares for a client in a quoted company where Invesco:

obtains information in any official capacity which may be price sensitive and has not been made available to the general public.

ii)

obtains any other information which can be substantiated in connection with a quoted company which is also both price

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sensitive and has not been made available to the general public.

2.9.3

Manipulation of the market through the release of information to regular market users which is false or misleading about a company.

2.9.4

Release of information about a company that would have the effect of distorting the market in such a way to be considered market abuse.

2.10

Reporting Requirement. Whenever an Employee believes that they may have come into possession of material, non-public information about a public company, they personally must immediately notify the Compliance Department and should not discuss such information with anyone else including Invesco Employees and should not engage in transactions for themselves or others including Invesco clients.

2.11

Upon receipt of such information, the Compliance Department will include the company name on the ‘IVZ Restricted List’ in respect of which no transactions may be entered into. This list will be advised to the Equity dealing desk and no discussion will be entered into.

2.12

Confidentiality. No information regarding the affairs of any client of Invesco may be passed to anyone outside Invesco unless specifically requested by law, regulation or court order. In any event, the Compliance and Legal Departments must be consulted prior to furnishing such information.

2.13

Employees should maintain the confidentiality of information entrusted to them by the Company and their fellow Employees. Employees shall take all reasonable efforts to safeguard such confidential information that is in their possession against inadvertent disclosure and shall comply with any non-disclosure obligations imposed on Invesco in its agreements with third parties. While accessing and utilising internal applications and systems, Employees must access such information solely to the extent it is mandatory to perform their task and not to access any other data which is not necessary. External publication or distribution of internal company information, policies or procedures is prohibited except when disclosure is properly authorised by the functional owner of the information or legally mandated. Employees should make all reasonable efforts to safeguard such information that is in their possession against inadvertent disclosure and shall comply with any non-disclosure obligations imposed on Invesco in its agreements with third parties.

2.14

Sanctions. Any Employee, who knowingly trades or recommends trading while in possession of material, non-public information, or inside information, may be subject to civil and criminal penalties, as well as to immediate suspension and/or dismissal from Invesco.

3	PERSONAL INVESTING ACTIVITIES, PRE-CLEARANCE AND PRE-NOTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS

3.1

Transactions covered by this Code All transactions (other than transactions described in section 3.2) in investments made for “Covered Accounts” are subject to the pre-clearance procedures, trading restrictions, pre-notification and reporting requirements described below, unless otherwise indicated. For a list of the types of Employee and other accounts which are “Covered Accounts”, please see the definition in Appendix A.

3.2

Transactions in the following investments (“Exempt Investments”) are not subject to the trading restrictions or other requirements of this Code and do not need to be pre-notified, pre-cleared, or reported other than as described below:

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3.2.1

Registered unaffiliated (e.g. Schroders) open-ended Collective Investment Schemes [CIS] including; open-ended mutual funds, open-ended investment companies/ICVCs or unit trusts.

3.2.2

Securities which are direct obligations of an OECD country (e.g. US Treasury Bonds); and

3.2.3

Bankers’ acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper and high quality short-term debt instruments, including repurchase agreements.

3.2.4

Currencies, commodities

Employees are required to provide statements for all Covered Accounts as described in Section 7.4. If an account has the ability to invest in Covered Securities, the account is considered a Covered Account and the full statement must be provided to Compliance including information regarding Exempt Investments.

Transactions which require pre-notification and pre-clearance

3.3

Pre-Clearance

3.3.1

Pre-Clearance Transactions

Transactions in a Covered Account which must be notified to the Compliance department for pre-clearance, regardless of whether the order is placed directly or through a broker/adviser, include the following (“Covered Securities”):

•

buys or sales of ordinary securities, equivalent securities, venture capital schemes such as Venture Capital Trusts (VCTs), Enterprise Investment Scheme (EIS), Seed Enterprise Investment Scheme (SEIS), closed-end funds such as Investment Trusts and Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) (to the extent detailed in 3.4.7 below), including any of these investments which are held within a product/wrapper such as a Self-Invested Personal Pension (SIPP) or Individual Savings Account (ISA).

All Employees must receive prior approval using the Star Compliance system or from the IVZ Global Ethics Office in order to engage in a personal securities transaction in a Covered Security.

Pre-clearance will not be given if the proposed personal securities transaction is in conflict with any of the rules outlined in this Policy, including the Blackout Rule.

All transactions in Invesco Ltd. securities must be pre-cleared. Please refer to Appendix D for additional guidelines on Invesco Ltd. securities. Any transaction in a previous employer’s company stock that is obtained through an employee benefit plan or company stock fund held in an external retirement plan requires pre-clearance.

3.3.2

The Pre-clearance Process

The pre-clearance process involves the following steps:

•

The proposed trade must be entered into the Star Compliance system.

•

Covered persons (e.g. an Employee’s spouse, non-employee without Invesco system access) who do not have access to the Star Compliance system can submit their trade requests either through the Invesco Employee who will submit the request

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through Star Compliance or may contact the Global Ethics Office directly.

•

The Star Compliance system will confirm if there is any Client activity in the same or equivalent security currently on the trading desk and verify if there have been any transactions within the corresponding Blackout Rule period (refer to section 4.1.2).

•

The Star Compliance system will check to see if the security is on the restricted list (refer to section 4.1.1).

•

If any potential conflicts are identified by the Star Compliance system, the request will be reviewed by the Global Ethics Office.

•

An automated response will be received by the Employee for all pre-approval requests indicating whether the transaction has been approved or denied.

3.3.3

Executing Approved Transactions

Any approval granted to a Covered Person to execute a personal security transaction is valid for that business day only, except that if approval is granted after the close of the trading day such approval is good through the next trading day. If the trade is not executed within this time period, a new pre-clearance request must be submitted and approved if the Employee still intends to trade in that security. Good-until-cancelled orders (GTCs) are prohibited.

All approved trades that are not executed must be retracted in the Star Compliance system by the Employee.

Employees may be requested to reverse any trades processed without the required pre-approval.

Any costs or losses associated with the reversal are the responsibility of the Employee. The Employee may also be asked to disgorge any profits from the trade.

No order for a Securities Transaction for which pre-clearance authorisation is sought may be placed prior to the receipt of authorisation of the transaction.

Any approval granted to a Covered Person to execute a personal security transaction is valid for that business day only, except in the following situations:

•

Approval is granted after the close of trading day. In this case, approval is valid through the next trading day.

•

Where trade instructions are sent via the post to IFDS, this period will be extended, and the trade must be executed by the close of market two trading days after permission has been granted.

3.3.4

Copies of the relevant contract notes (or equivalent) must be sent to the Code of Ethics inbox. This must be done in a timely manner.

3.4

Transactions that do not need to be pre-cleared. The pre-clearance requirements (and the trading restrictions on personal investing described below) do not apply to the following transactions, unless otherwise indicated:

3.4.1

Invesco Affiliated Funds: Invesco open–ended Collective Investment Schemes, Pension Funds or other affiliated schemes, including any of these investments which are held within an unaffiliated product/wrapper, apart from closed-end funds such as Investment Trusts. Whilst pre-clearance is not required in respect of transactions in affiliated funds, employees must nevertheless adhere to the certification and reporting requirements as detailed in section 7 below;

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3.4.2

Exchange Traded Products (ETPs): Employees are exempt from pre-clearing unaffiliated broad-based Exchange Traded Products such as Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs), Exchange Traded Notes (ETNs) and Exchange Traded Commodities (ETCs) as described on the Pre-clearance Exempt ETF List.

3.4.3

Discretionary Accounts: Transactions effected in any Covered Account over which the Employee has no direct or indirect influence or control (a “Discretionary Account”). An Employee shall be deemed to have “no direct or indirect influence or control” over an account only if all of the following conditions are met:

investment discretion for such account has been delegated in writing to an independent fiduciary and such investment discretion is not shared with the Employee; and

ii)

the Employee certifies in writing that they have not and will not discuss any potential investment decisions with such independent fiduciary; and

iii)

the advisor also certifies in writing that they will not discuss any potential investment decisions with the owner of the account or the Employee; and

iv)

duplicate periodic statements are provided to the Global Ethics Office.

the Compliance Department has determined that the account satisfies the foregoing requirements.

vi)

The advisor certifies that they will not invest in Invesco Ltd. Securities (IVZ stock and derivatives therof)

3.4.4

Governmental Issues: Investments in the debt obligations of state and municipal governments or agencies, (e.g. Essex Council Electricity Bond).

3.4.5

Non-Volitional Trades: Transactions which are non-volitional on the part of the Employee (such as the receipt of securities pursuant to a stock dividend or merger).

3.4.6

Automatic Transactions: Purchases of the stock of a company pursuant to an automatic dividend reinvestment plan or an Employee stock purchase plan sponsored by such company.

3.4.7

Note that all of the transactions described in paragraphs 3.4.1. to 3.4.7, while not subject to pre-clearance, are nevertheless still subject to the requirements and limits in section 4 and to all of the reporting requirements set forth below in section 7. This must be done in a timely manner after the transaction.

4	TRADE RESTRICTIONS ON PERSONAL INVESTING

4.1

All transactions in Covered Accounts which are subject to the pre-clearance requirements specified in this Code are also subject to the following trading restrictions:

4.1.1

Restricted Lists: Employees requesting pre-clearance to buy or sell a security on the Restricted List may be restricted from executing the trade because of potential conflicts of interest.

4.1.2

Blackout Periods: An Employee may not buy or sell, or permit any Covered Account to buy or sell, a security or any instrument if there is conflicting activity in an Invesco Client account.

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Non-Investment Personnel.

•

may not buy or sell a Covered Security within two trading days after a Client trades in that security; and

•

may not buy or sell a Covered Security if there is a Client order on that security currently with the trading desk.

Investment Personnel.

•

may not buy or sell a Covered Security within three trading days before or after a Client trades in that security; and

•

may not buy or sell a Covered Security if there is a Client order on that security with the trading desk.

De Minimis Exemptions. Compliance will apply the following de minimis exemptions in granting pre-clearance when a Client has recently traded or is trading in a security involved in a Covered Person’s proposed personal securities transaction:

o Equity de minimis exemptions.

•

If a Covered Person does not have knowledge of trading activity in a particular equity security, they may execute up to 500 shares of such security in a rolling 30-day period provided the issuer of such security is included in the FTSE 100 Index, S&P TSX Composite Index, Russell 1000, ASX 300 Accumulation Index, Hang Seng Index, Straits Times Index STI (FSSTI), Korea Composite Stock Price Index (KOSPI), NIKKEI 225, the NSE S&P CNX Nifty Index, or any of the other main indices globally included on the De Minimis Indices List which can be accessed on the Invesco intranet using the following link:

http://sharepoint/sites/Compliance-COE- NA/Training/Documents/De%20Minimis%20Indices%20List.pdf.

•

If a Covered Person does not have knowledge of trading activity in a particular equity security, they may execute up to 500 shares of such security in a rolling 30-day period provided that there is no conflicting client activity in that security during the blackout period or on the trading desk that exceeds 500 shares per trading day.

o Fixed income de minimis exemptions. If a Covered Person does not have knowledge of trading activity in a particular fixed income security he or she may execute up to £60,000 of par value of such security in a rolling 30-day period.

For practical purposes, an Employee without knowledge of investment activity of a Client account would not know of such activity in advance of a Client trade. Therefore, for those Employees, trading with pre-clearance approval granted prior to a Client transaction will not be considered a violation of this Code. Compliance will review personal securities transactions to identify potential conflicts in which there is an appearance that such an Employee could have traded while they were aware of upcoming Client transactions. If a potential conflict exists, this would be considered a violation of the blackout period required by this Code.

The automated review system will confirm that there is no activity currently on the trading desk on the security involved in the proposed personal securities transaction and will verify that there have been no Client transactions for the requested security within the last two trading days for all Covered Persons except Investment Personnel for whom the blackout period is the last three trading days.

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For Investments, Portfolio Administration and IT personnel, Compliance will also check the trading activity of affiliates with respect to which such personnel have access to transactional information to verify that there have been no Client transactions in the requested security during the blackout period. Compliance will notify the Covered Person of the approval or denial of the proposed personal securities transaction.

Any approval granted to a Covered Person to execute a personal security transaction is valid for that business day only, except that if approval is granted after the close of the trading day such approval is good through the next trading day. If a Covered Person does not execute the proposed securities transaction prior to closing of the market immediately following the approval, the Covered Person must resubmit the request on another day for approval.

4.1.3

In the event there is a trade in a client account in the same security or instrument within a blackout period, the Employee may be required to close out the position and to disgorge any profit to a charitable organisation chosen by Invesco Compliance.

4.1.4

Invesco Ltd. Securities:

1. No Employee may effect short sales of Invesco Ltd. securities.

2. No Employee may engage in transactions in publicly traded options, such as puts, calls and other derivative securities relating to the Invesco Ltd.’s securities, on an exchange or any other organised market.

3. For all Covered Persons, all transactions, including transfers by gift, in Invesco Ltd. Securities are subject to pre-clearance regardless of the size of the transaction, and are subject to “blackout” periods established by Invesco Ltd. and holding periods prescribed under the terms of the agreement or program under which the securities were received.

4. Holdings of Invesco Ltd. securities in Covered Persons accounts are subject to the reporting requirements specified in Section 7.3 of this Code.

Any Employee who becomes aware of material non-public information about Invesco is prohibited from trading in Invesco Ltd. securities. Full details of the Invesco stock transaction Pre-Clearance Guide and restrictions for all Employees of Invesco can be found in Appendix D.

4.1.5

Invesco Investment Trusts: Staff dealing in Invesco Investment Trusts will also be subject to closed periods as dictated by each of the Trusts.

4.1.6

UK ICVCs and other affiliated schemes will be subject to the Short -Term Trading restrictions (60 day rule - see 4.1.7). The preferential rate of sales charge allowed to staff will be withdrawn in circumstances where it is apparent that the Employee has traded on a short-term basis in those shares i.e. where previous transactions by that person have resulted in the short-term holding of those investments. Shares of UK ICVCs and affiliated schemes will not be accepted for redemption if the funds themselves are closed for redemption due to the effects of subsequent market or currency movements.

4.1.7

Short-Term Trading Profits: It is Invesco’s policy to restrict the ability of Employees to benefit from short-term trading in securities and instruments. Employees must disgorge profits made on the sale of any security or instrument held less than 60 days. For further clarity,

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the limit on short-term trading profits applies to all Covered Securities, unless otherwise indicated in this Code, including derivatives of individual securities and Covered Securities that are pre-clearance exempt such as unaffiliated broad-based Exchange Traded Products as described in the Pre-clearance Exempt ETF List and affiliated open-end schemes as described in section (3.4.1).

Example: a purchase of an affiliated open-end scheme on 12 August and subsequent sale of the same security on 8 October would result in a disgorgement and violation of this Code if a profit was received on the sale transaction although pre-clearance is not required.

Transactions in currencies and commodities are exempt from the 60 day holding period. Disgorgement amounts must represent the full amount of the profits received and are not adjusted to account for taxes or related fees.

4.1.8

Initial Public Offerings: No Employee may purchase or permit any Covered Account to purchase a security offered pursuant to an initial public offering, except in a Venture Capital Trust or Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT), wherever such offering is made. However where the public offering is made by a Government of where the Employee is resident and different amounts of the offering are specified for different investor types e.g. private and institutional, the Chief Compliance Officer may allow such purchases

4.1.9

Privately-Issued Securities: Employees may not purchase or permit a Covered Account to purchase or acquire any privately-issued securities, other than in exceptional cases specifically approved by the local Chief Compliance Officer or their delegate (e.g. where such investment is part of a family-owned and operated business venture that would not be expected to involve an investment opportunity of interest to any Invesco client).

4.1.10

Employees, however, may invest in interests in private investment funds (i.e. hedge funds) that are established to invest predominantly in public securities and instruments, subject to the pre-clearance procedures, trading restrictions and reporting requirements contained in this Code. Employees may also invest in residential co-operatives and private recreational clubs (such as sports clubs, country clubs, luncheon clubs and the like) for their personal use; such investments are not subject to the pre-clearance procedures, trading restrictions and reporting requirements unless the Employee’s investing is part of a business conducted by the Employee. Such ownership should be reported to the Compliance Officer.

4.1.11

Short Sales: An Employee may not sell short a security.

4.1.12

Futures: Employees may not write, sell or buy exchange-traded futures, synthetic futures, swaps and similar non-exchange traded instruments.

4.1.13

Investment Clubs: Employee participation in an investment club with the purpose of pooling money and investing based on group investment decisions is prohibited.

4.1.14

Exceptions: The Chief Compliance Officer may, on a case by case basis, grant exceptions from these trading restrictions upon written

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request. Any exceptions granted will be reported to the local Board of Directors at least annually.

5	OUTSIDE BUSINESS ACTIVITIES

5.1

Any activity conducted outside of Invesco by an employee, which may result in a conflict of interest for Invesco or which may not be in Invesco’s best business interests. Outside organizations can include public or private corporations, partnerships, charitable foundations, other not-for-profit institutions/organizations, or private family owned or operated business.

5.1.1

Employees may not engage in any outside business activity, regardless of whether or not they receive compensation, without prior approval from the Chief Compliance Officer or their delegate. Absent prior written approval of Compliance, Employees may not serve as directors, officers, or employees of unaffiliated public or private companies, whether for profit or non-profit. If the outside business activity is approved, the Employee must recuse himself or herself from making Client investment decisions concerning the particular company or issuer as appropriate, provided that this recusal requirement shall not apply with respect to certain Invesco Employees, who may serve on corporate boards as a result of, or in connection with, Client investments made in those companies. Employees must always comply with all applicable Invesco Ltd. policies and procedures, including those prohibiting the use of material non-public information in Client or employee personal securities transactions.

6	CLIENT INVESTMENTS IN SECURITIES OWNED BY INVESCO EMPLOYEES

6.1

General Principles: In addition to the specific prohibitions on certain personal securities transactions as set forth herein, and in-line with the requirements of the Fraud Policy, all Employees are prohibited from:

6.1.1

Employing any device, scheme or artifice to defraud any prospect or client;

6.1.2

Making any untrue statement of a material fact or omitting to state to a client or a prospective client, a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading;

6.1.3

Engaging in any act, practice or course of business which operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit upon any prospect or client;

6.1.4

Engaging in any manipulative practice with respect to any prospect or client; or

6.1.5

Revealing to any other person (except in the normal course of their duties on behalf of a client) any information regarding securities transactions by any client or by Invesco,

6.1.6

Revealing to any other person (except in the normal course of their duties on behalf of a client) the consideration of any securities transactions by any client or by Invesco.

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7	CERTIFICATIONS AND REPORTING REQUIREMENTS

7.1

This Code forms part of an Employee’s contract of employment and any breach may be grounds for disciplinary action up to and including summary dismissal.

7.2

In order to implement the general principles, restrictions and prohibitions contained in this Code, each Employee is required to provide the following certifications and reports described in sections 7.2 to 7.4 below:

7.2.1

On commencing employment at Invesco, each new Employee shall receive a copy of the Code and will be expected to confirm that they understand and accept this Code within 10 days of commencing employment.

7.2.2

New Employees are also required, within 10 days of commencing employment, to provide the following to the Compliance Department:

(i)

a list of all Covered Accounts (see Initial Holdings Report 7.3.1); and

(ii)

details of any directorships (or similar positions) of for-profit, non-profit and other enterprises.

7.3

Employees are required to sign-off and submit various reports in the Star Compliance system as detailed in sections 7.3.1 to 7.3.4 below. Employees that do not hold any Covered Securities or Covered Accounts are still required to sign-off on these reports.

7.3.1

Initial Holdings Reports: Within 10 calendar days of becoming a Covered Person, each Covered Person must complete an Initial Holdings Report by inputting into the automated system, Star Compliance, the following information (the information must be current within 45 days of the date the person becomes a Covered Person):

•

A list of all security holdings, including the name, number of shares (for equities) and the principal amount (for debt securities) in which the person has direct or indirect Beneficial Interest. A Covered Person is presumed to have a Beneficial Interest in securities held by members of their immediate family sharing the same household (e.g. a spouse or equivalent domestic partner and children) or by certain partnerships, trusts, corporations, or other arrangements.

•

The security identifier (CUSIP, symbol, etc.);

•

The name of any broker-dealer or bank with which the person maintains an account in which any securities are held for the direct or indirect benefit of the person; and

•

The date that the report is submitted by the Covered Person

7.3.2

Quarterly Transactions Reports: All Covered Persons must report, no later than 30 days after the end of each calendar quarter, the following information for all transactions in a Covered Security in which a Covered Person has a direct or indirect Beneficial Interest:

•

The date of all transactions in that quarter, the security name, the number of shares (for equity securities); or the interest rate and maturity date (if applicable) and the principal amount (for debt securities) for each Covered Security;

•

The nature of the transaction (buy, sell, etc.);

•

The security identifier (CUSIP, symbol, etc.);

•

The price of the Covered Security at which the transaction was executed;

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•

The name of the broker-dealer or bank executing the transaction; and

•

The date that the report is submitted to Compliance.

All Covered Persons must submit a Quarterly Transaction Report regardless of whether they executed transactions during the quarter or not. If a Covered Person did not execute transactions subject to reporting requirements during a quarter, the report must include a representation to that effect. Covered Persons need not include transactions that do not require pre-clearance such as transactions made through an Automatic Investment Plan/Dividend Reinvestment Plan or Exempt Investments (refer to section 3.2).

Additionally, Covered Persons must report information on any new brokerage account established by the Covered Person during the quarter for the direct or indirect benefit of the Covered Person (including Covered Securities held in a retirement vehicle, including plans sponsored by Invesco or its affiliates).

The report shall include:

•

The date the account was established;

•

The name of the broker-dealer or bank; and

•

The date that the report is submitted to Compliance.

Compliance may identify transactions by Covered Persons that technically comply with the Code for review based on any pattern of activity that has an appearance of a conflict of interest.

7.3.3

Annual Holdings Reports: All Covered Persons must report annually the following information, which must be current within 45 days of the date the report is submitted to Compliance:

•

The security name and the number of shares (for equities) or the interest rate and maturity date (if applicable) and principal amount (for debt securities) for each Covered Security in which the Covered Person has any direct or indirect Beneficial Interest;

•

The security identifier for each Covered Security (CUSIP, symbol, etc.);

•

The name of the broker-dealer or bank with or through which the security is held;

•

With respect to Discretionary Accounts, if any, certifications that such Employee does not discuss any investment decisions with the person making investment decisions;

•

With respect to any non-public security owned by such Employee, a statement indicating whether the issuer has changed its name or publicly issued securities during such calendar year; and

•

The date that the report is submitted by the Covered Person to Compliance.

7.3.4

Certification of Compliance: All Covered Persons must certify annually that they have read and understand the Code and recognize that they are subject to the Code.

In addition, all Covered Persons must certify annually that they have complied with the requirements of the Code and that they have disclosed or reported all personal securities transactions required to be disclosed or reported under the Code. If material changes are made to the Code during the year, these changes will also be reviewed and approved by the Invesco UK Conflicts of Interest Committee.

All Covered Persons must certify within 30 days of the effective date of the amended code that they have read and understand the

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Code and recognise that they are subject to the Code. On an annual basis, Employees are required to provide an updated list of the following to Compliance:

directorships (or similar positions) of for-profit, non-profit and other enterprises; and

ii)

potential conflicts of interest identified which have not yet been reported to the Compliance Department.

7.4

Confirmations and Statements: In respect of each personal securities transaction involving a Covered Security, the Employee engaging in the transaction must provide the Global Ethics Office a duplicate copy of the trade confirmation, or such other confirmations as are available, in a timely manner.

Employees are encouraged to direct their brokers to deliver to the Invesco Compliance Department, duplicate trade confirmations and account statements for their Covered Accounts in a timely manner. If duplicate contract notes are not provided by the broker, the Employee must provide the statements directly to Compliance in a timely manner following a trade or receipt of a periodic statement. In addition, Employees must provide duplicate trade confirmations and account statements directly to the Global Ethics Office upon request.

The Global Ethics Office will review reports submitted and report any breaches of this Code or any other concerns relating to personal trading to the Invesco UK Compliance department. All material breaches and concerns are also reported to Invesco UK Conflicts of Interest Committee.

7.5

Exempt Investments: Confirmations, periodic statements, and periodic reports need not be provided with respect to Exempt Investments (see 3.2). If an account has the ability to hold both Covered Securities and Exempt Investments, the periodic statement will need to be provided and may include information regarding Exempt Investments.

7.6

Disclaimer of Beneficial Interest: Any report required under this Code may contain a statement that such report is not to be construed as an admission by the person making the report that they have any direct and indirect beneficial interest of the security to which the report relates.

7.7

Annual Review: The Compliance Officer will review the Code on an annual basis and as necessary, in light of legal and business developments and experience in implementing the Code, and will prepare a report to the relevant Executive Committee that:

7.7.1

summarises existing procedures concerning personal investing and any changes in the procedures made during the past year,

7.7.2

identifies any violations requiring significant remedial action during the past year, and

7.7.3

identifies any recommended changes in existing restrictions or procedures based on the experience under the Code, evolving industry practices, or developments in applicable laws or regulations

8	MISCELLANEOUS

8.1

Interpretation: The provisions of this Code will be interpreted by the Compliance Officer. Questions of interpretation should be directed in the first instance to the Compliance Officer or their designee or, if necessary, with the Compliance Officer of another Invesco entity. The interpretation of the Compliance Officer is final.

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8.2

Sanctions: Compliance will issue a letter of education to the Covered Persons involved in violations of the Code that are determined to be inadvertent or immaterial.

Invesco may impose additional sanctions in the event of repeated violations or violations that are determined to be material or not inadvertent, including disgorgement of profits (or the differential between the purchase or sale price of the personal security transaction and the subsequent purchase or sale price by a relevant Client during the enumerated period), a letter of censure or suspension, or termination of employment.

Any violations of this Code and sanctions therefore will be reported to the local Board of Directors at least annually.

8.3

Effective Date: This revised Code shall become effective as of 1 February 2019.

8.4

Global Ethics Office Contact Information You may direct any questions regarding this Code to the Global Ethics Office by email to codeofethics@invesco.com or by phone to 0203-219-2799.

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APPENDIX A

DEFINITIONS

1.	‘Advisory Client’ means any client (including both investment companies and managed accounts) for which Invesco serves as an investment adviser, renders investment advice, or makes investment decisions.

2.	‘Beneficial Interest’ means the opportunity to share, directly or indirectly, in any profit or loss on a transaction in Securities, including but not limited to all joint accounts, partnerships and trusts.

3.	A ‘Covered Account’ is defined for purposes of this Policy as any account:

•

Where the Employee is the registered owner of the securities in the account, thereby having a direct financial interest or benefit from the account; or

•

In which an Employee has indirect financial interest or indirect benefit, such as accounts held in the name of the Employee’s spouse, equivalent domestic partner, or child living in the same household.

•

In which an Employee has direct control, such as any account for which the Employee has a power of attorney or trading authorisation, trust accounts on which the Employee is appointed a trustee, or corporate accounts for which the Employee is an authorised signing officer.

The examples provided above are not all-inclusive. There may be other account types and registrations not listed above that are considered covered for the purposes of this Policy.

4.	A ‘Covered Person’ means any director, officer, full or part time Employee of Invesco UK and any individuals who, whilst not permanent Invesco UK Employees, have access to Invesco offices and/or systems and who could therefore potentially acquire certain material, non-public information.

5.	‘Employee’ means a person who has a contract of employment with, or employed by, Invesco UK or any associated Invesco Company within Europe; including consultants, contractors or temporary Employees.

6.	‘Equivalent Security’ means any Security issued by the same entity as the issuer of a security, including options, rights, warrants, preferred stock, restricted stock, bonds and other obligations of that company.

7.	‘Fund’ means an investment company for which Invesco serves as an adviser or subadviser.

8.	‘Good-until-cancelled order’ means an instruction to buy or sell a security at a specified price that remains active until it is either rescinded by the employee or the trade is executed.

9.	‘High quality short-term debt instruments’ means any instrument having a maturity at issuance of less than 366 days and which is treated in one of the highest two rating categories by a Nationally Recognised Statistical Rating Organisation, or which is unrated but is of comparable quality.

10.	‘Independent Fund Director’ means an independent director of an investment company advised by Invesco.

11.	‘Initial Public Offering’ means any security which is being offered for the first time on a Recognised Stock Exchange.

12.	‘Open-Ended Collective Investment Scheme’ means any Open-ended Investment Company, US Mutual Fund, UK ICVC or Irish Unit Trust, Luxembourg SICAV, French SICAV or Bermuda Fund.

13.	‘Securities Transaction’ means a purchase of or sale of Securities.

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14.	‘Security’ includes stock, notes, bonds, debentures and other evidences of indebtedness (including loan participations and assignments), limited partnership interests, investment contracts, and all derivative instruments, such as options and warrants.

15.	“UK ICVC and affiliate schemes” defined as all UK domiciled Invesco ICVCs, all Invesco Continental European domestic ranges and all Invesco Ireland and Luxembourg SICAVs, Alternative Investment Funds’s and Unit Trusts.

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APPENDIX B

ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF RECEIPT

OF INVESCO UK REVISED CODE OF ETHICS

Only complete this version of the Annual Acknowledgement where you are unable to complete the electronic version.

I acknowledge that I have received the Invesco Code of Ethics dated 1 February 2019, and represent that:

1.	In accordance with Section 7 of the Code of Ethics, I will fully disclose the Securities holdings in Covered Accounts*;

2.	In accordance with Section 3 of the Code of Ethics, I will obtain prior authorisation for all Securities Transactions in each of my Covered Accounts except for transactions exempt from pre-clearance under Section 3 of the Code of Ethics*;

3.	In accordance with section 7 of the Code of Ethics, I will report all Securities Transactions in each of my Covered Accounts except for transactions exempt from reporting under Section 3 of the Code of Ethics;

4.	I have notified all individuals who own accounts that are Covered Accounts of the requirements set forth in this Code and understand that these accounts are subject to the Code including reporting and pre-clearance requirements;

5.	I have been authorised by all individuals who own Covered Accounts to provide the relevant details concerning their securities transactions in accordance with the Code;

6.	I will comply with the Code of Ethics in all other respects; and

7.	I understand that a violation of the Code may be grounds for disciplinary action or termination of my employment and may also be a violation of law and regulations which may give rise to civil as well as criminal liability.



				Signature


				Print Name

Date:

*	Representations Nos: 1 and 2 do not apply to Independent Fund Directors

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APPENDIX C

ANNUAL CERTIFICATION OF COMPLIANCE WITH THE INVESCO CODE OF ETHICS

To be completed by all Employees following the end of each calendar year - only complete this version of the Annual Certification where you are unable to complete the electronic version.

I hereby certify that, with respect to the calendar year ending on 31 December 2018 (the ‘Calendar Year), I have reported to Invesco all Securities Transactions in respect of each of my Covered Account(s). I further certify that I have reviewed the attachments hereto and confirm that:

a)	Sections A & B contain a complete list of Covered Account(s) as well as a complete list of my directorships, advisory board memberships and similar positions;

b)	Section C contains a complete list of trades, other than Exempt Investments, in my Covered Account(s) during the Calendar Year for which contract notes/confirmations have not been forwarded;

c)	Section D contain details of any potential Conflicts of Interest issues identified during the year but not yet reported.

d)	Section E contain details of any non-monetary benefits given or received during the year but not yet reported.

I further certify that:

For any of my Covered Accounts which have been approved by the Compliance Department as a Discretionary Account(s), that I have not exercised investment discretion or influenced any investment decisions and that I will not exercise investment discretion or influence any potential investment decisions with such Discretionary Account(s);

As appropriate, I have identified in Section A hereto those Covered Accounts which contain open-ended Collective Investment Schemes/Investment Companies shares only but for which account statements and confirms are not and have not been provided and hereby confirm that all securities transactions in these accounts are and will be limited exclusively to transactions in shares of open-ended Collective Investment Schemes;

c)	For any privately-issued security held by me or my Covered Account(s), I will inform the Compliance Department upon learning that any issuer has either changed its name or has issued or proposed to issue any class of security to the public;

d)	I have complied with the requirements of the Conflicts of Interest Policy, the Inducements (Non-Monetary Benefits) Policy, the Anti-Bribery Policy, the Market Abuse Policy, Insider Trading Policy and the Fraud Policy;

e)	I have not used personal hedging strategies or remuneration or liability related insurance contracts to undermine any risk alignment effects embedded in my remuneration arrangements;

f)	I have read and understand my department’s procedures;

g)	I have admitted to and reported any errors at the time they occurred or as soon I became aware of them;

h)	I have reported all non-monetary benefits given or received during the course of the year; and

i)	I have received a copy of and understand the Code in its entirety and acknowledge that I am subject to its provisions. I also certify that I have complied and will comply with its requirements;

To the extent that any of the attached Schedules contain inaccurate or incomplete information, I have noted and initialled the change directly on the Schedule and returned this certification along with all Schedules to the Compliance Department. Capitalised terms used herein without definition shall have the meanings given to them in the Code.



				Signature


				Print Name

Date:

UPON YOUR FULL REVIEW AND EXECUTION, PLEASE RETURN THE ENTIRE

PACKAGE IMMEDIATELY TO THE COMPLIANCE DEPARTMENT IN HENLEY

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APPENDIX C

Annual Certificate of Compliance with THE INVESCO CODE OF ETHICS

Section A - COVERED ACCOUNTS

The following is a list of Covered Accounts subject to the Invesco Code of Ethics:

Section B - Directorships, Advisory Board Memberships and Similar Positions held

The following is a list of directorships, advisory board memberships and similar positions that I hold:

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APPENDIX C

Annual Certificate of Compliance with THE INVESCO CODE OF ETHICS

Section C - Trades

The following is a list of trades undertaken during the period for which contract notes/confirmations have not been forwarded:

Section D - Conflicts of Interest

The following is a list of potential conflicts of interest I have identified during the course of the year and not already reported to the Compliance Department:

Section E - Non-Monetary Benefits covering Gifts, Benefits and Entertainment

The following is a list of any non-moetary benefits given or received that were not reported over the course of the year:

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APPENDIX D

SECURITIES REFERENCE CHART - EMEA

The below contains many of the common investment instruments, though it is not all-inclusive.


SECURITY	PRE-CLEARANCE REQUIRED?	REPORTING REQUIRED?	60 DAY PROFIT LIMIT RESTRICTION?
Mutual Funds (UK)
Unaffiliated fund (open-ended)	No	No	No
Affiliated Invesco fund (open-ended)	No	Yes	Yes
Venture Capital Trusts	Yes	Yes	Yes
Closed-ended funds (both affiliated and unaffiliated)	Yes	Yes	Yes
Unit Investment Trusts/OEICs	No	No	No

Mutual Funds (EMEA ex UK)
Unaffiliated UCITs (open-ended)	No	No	No
Affiliated Invesco fund (open-ended)	No	Yes	Yes
Venture Capital Trusts	Yes	Yes	Yes
Closed-ended funds (both affiliated and unaffiliated)	Yes	Yes	Yes
Unit Investment Trusts/OEICs	Yes	Yes	Yes

Equities
Common Stocks	Yes	Yes	Yes
IPOs (Initial Public Offerings)	Prohibited	Prohibited	N/A
Preferred Stock	Yes	Yes	Yes

Invesco shares
Open Market	Yes	Yes	Yes
Employee Share Purchase Plan – Participation	No	No	No
Employee Share Purchase Plan – vested - Sale	Yes	Yes	No
Stock grants - awarded	No	No	No
Stock grants vested - sale	Yes	Yes	No

Derivatives/ Spread betting
Futures, Swaps, and Options	Prohibited	Prohibited	N/A
Spread betting and CFD	Prohibited	Prohibited	N/A

Fixed Income/Bonds (UK)
Securities which are direct obligations of an OECD country (e.g. US Treasury Bonds)	No	No	No
Certificates of Deposit	No	No	No
Money Market Funds	No	No	No
Municipal Bond	No	Yes	Yes
Corporate Bond	Yes	Yes	Yes

Fixed Income/Bonds (EMEA ex UK)
Securities which are direct obligations of an OECD country (e.g. US Treasury Bonds)	No	Yes	Yes

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Certificates of Deposit	No	Yes	Yes
Money Market Funds	No	Yes	Yes
Municipal Bond	No	Yes	Yes
Corporate Bond	Yes	Yes	Yes

Exchange traded products
All Invesco affiliated ETFs	Yes	Yes	Yes
ETFs with a limited number of underlying securities (20 or less) that include Covered Securities	Yes	Yes	Yes
ETFs that mirror one equity or have a heavy weighting in one equity (25% or more investing in one equity)	Yes	Yes	Yes
Unaffiliated Broad based Exchange Traded Notes & Funds (ETFs, ETNs)	No	Yes	Yes
Unaffiliated Exchange traded Commodities (ETCs)	No	Yes	Yes

Private Securities*
Private placements	Subject to approval
Hedge funds	Subject to approval
REITS	Subject to approval

*Private Securities

Covered Persons may not engage in a Private Securities Transaction without first (a) giving Compliance a detailed written notification describing the transaction and indicating whether or not they will received compensation and (b) obtaining prior written permission from Compliance.

Employees in EMEA however, may invest in private investment funds (i.e. hedge funds) that are established to invest predominantly in public securities and instruments, subject to the pre-clearance procedures, trading restrictions and reporting requirements.

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