-----BEGIN PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE----- Proc-Type: 2001,MIC-CLEAR Originator-Name: webmaster@www.sec.gov Originator-Key-Asymmetric: MFgwCgYEVQgBAQICAf8DSgAwRwJAW2sNKK9AVtBzYZmr6aGjlWyK3XmZv3dTINen TWSM7vrzLADbmYQaionwg5sDW3P6oaM5D3tdezXMm7z1T+B+twIDAQAB MIC-Info: RSA-MD5,RSA, KTN5INZ8bIxJq4ZTiRMx1ws4OTlNSVdbpAlVq6zU91mkNLuJ/sKKXCOoUhwJ6tOK oZzw8ebpntoLxYRYNMOHNA== 0001193125-05-044633.txt : 20060929 0001193125-05-044633.hdr.sgml : 20060929 20050308163124 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0001193125-05-044633 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 10-K PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 9 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 20041231 FILED AS OF DATE: 20050308 DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20050824 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: TRADESTATION GROUP INC CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001111559 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: SECURITY BROKERS, DEALERS & FLOTATION COMPANIES [6211] IRS NUMBER: 650977576 STATE OF INCORPORATION: FL FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 10-K SEC ACT: 1934 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 000-31049 FILM NUMBER: 05667127 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 8050 SW 10TH STREET STREET 2: SUITE 4000 CITY: PLANTATION STATE: FL ZIP: 33324 BUSINESS PHONE: (954) 652-7000 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 8050 SW 10TH STREET STREET 2: SUITE 4000 CITY: PLANTATION STATE: FL ZIP: 33324 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: ONLINETRADING COM GROUP INC DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 20000410 10-K 1 d10k.htm FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004 For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2004
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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

 


 

FORM 10-K

 


 

x Annual report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

 

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004

 

or

 

¨ Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

 

For the transition period from              to             

 

Commission file number: 0-31049

 


 

TradeStation Group, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 


 

Florida   65-0977576

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

 

8050 S.W. 10th Street, Suite 4000, Plantation, Florida   33324
(Address of principal executive offices)   (Zip Code)

 

954-652-7000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

 


 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

 

Common Stock, par value $.01 per share

(Title of class)

 


 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (17 CFR 229.405) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K  x

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    Yes  x    No  ¨

 

The aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant on June 30, 2004, based upon the closing market price of the registrant’s common stock on The Nasdaq National Market on such date, was approximately $146,202,000.

 

The registrant had 41,857,654 shares of common stock, $.01 par value, outstanding as of February 28, 2005.

 

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

NONE.

 



Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

         Page

PART I         
ITEM 1.   BUSINESS    1
    Overview and Recent Developments    1
    Industry Background    3
    Products and Services    5
    Sales and Marketing    7
    Strategic Relationships    8
    Technology Development    8
    Customer Services and Support and Training    9
    Competition    9
    Intellectual Property    11
    Government Regulation    12
    Employees    14
    Available Information    14
ITEM 2.   PROPERTIES    15
ITEM 3.   LEGAL PROCEEDINGS    15
ITEM 4.   SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS    16
PART II         
ITEM 5.   MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES    17
    Common Stock Information    17
    Dividend Policy    17
    Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities    17
ITEM 6.   SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA    18
ITEM 7.   MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS    19
    Overview    19
    Results of Operations    20
    Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates    22
    Years Ended December 31, 2004 and 2003    23
    Years Ended December 31, 2003 and 2002    28
    Income Taxes    31
    Variability of Results    32
    Liquidity and Capital Resources    33
    Off-Balance-Sheet Arrangements    36
    Recently Issued Accounting Standards    36
    Issues, Uncertainties And Risk Factors    37
ITEM 7A.   QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK    46
ITEM 8.   FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA    47
ITEM 9.   CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE    47

 

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ITEM 9A.

   CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES    47

ITEM 9B.

   OTHER INFORMATION    47

PART III

         

ITEM 10.

   DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT    48

ITEM 11.

   EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION    52

ITEM 12.

   SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS    58

ITEM 13.

   CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS    59

ITEM 14.

   PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES    59

PART IV

         

ITEM 15.

   EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES, AND REPORTS ON FORM 8–K    60
SIGNATURES    63

 

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PART I

 

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

 

Overview and Recent Developments

 

TradeStation Group, Inc., a Florida corporation formed in 2000, is the successor company to a publicly-held trading software company that was formed in 1982. TradeStation Group is listed on The Nasdaq National Market under the symbol “TRAD.” TradeStation Securities, Inc. and TradeStation Technologies, Inc. are TradeStation Group’s two operating subsidiaries.

 

TradeStation Securities, a leading online brokerage firm serving the active trader and certain institutional trader markets, is the company’s principal operating subsidiary. TradeStation Securities is a registered broker-dealer and futures commission merchant, and a member of the National Association of Securities Dealers (“NASD”), New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), Securities Investor Protection Corporation (“SIPC”), National Futures Association (“NFA”), National Securities Clearing Corporation and the Depository Trust Company (together, the Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation or “DTCC”), Options Clearing Corporation (“OCC”), American Stock Exchange (“AMEX”), Archipelago Exchange (“ArcaEx” or “ARCX”), Boston Options Exchange (“BOX”), Chicago Board Options Exchange (“CBOE”), Eurex US, International Securities Exchange (“ISE”), Pacific Stock Exchange (“PCX”) and Philadelphia Stock Exchange (“PHLX”). TradeStation Securities’ business is also subject to the rules and requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) and state regulatory authorities.

 

TradeStation Securities’ core brokerage service is the TradeStation electronic trading platform, which is focused on rule-based trading. The TradeStation electronic trading platform seamlessly integrates powerful strategy trading software tools, historical and streaming real-time market data, and “intelligent” direct-access order-routing and execution. Direct-access trading means, with respect to equities, equities options and futures transactions, direct Internet connections to electronic marketplaces. These include, for stocks and Exchange Traded Funds (ETF’s), electronic communication networks (ECN’s), ARCX, SuperDOT (for listed securities) and Nasdaq Market Center, (for Nasdaq and listed securities), for futures, electronic futures exchanges such as the Chicago Mercantile Exchange’s (CME’s) Globex and the Chicago Board of Trade’s (CBOT’s) eCBOT, and, for equities options, electronic options exchanges offered by the AMEX, BOX, CBOE, ISE, PCX and PHLX. In each of these electronic marketplaces, anonymous buyers and sellers participating on the network are matched, often instantaneously following the placement of their orders. In addition to strategy trading tools, real-time market data and direct-access order execution, the TradeStation electronic trading platform offers state-of-the-art advanced order placement functions, unique automated and manual order placement capabilities, and numerous advanced charting and analytics features. A formal patent application covering the TradeStation electronic trading platform has been filed with the United States Patent and Trademark Office.

 

In September 2004, TradeStation Securities commenced self-clearing of equities trades for its active trader client base. Clearing operations include the confirmation, settlement, delivery and receipt of securities and funds and record-keeping functions involved in the processing of securities transactions. As the clearing broker for its equities active trader client base,

 

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TradeStation Securities maintains custody and control over the assets in those clients’ accounts and provides the following back office functions: maintaining customer accounts; extending credit in a margin account to the customer; settling security transactions with the DTCC (and, for options, with the Options Clearing Corporation, in the near future); settling commissions and clearing fees; preparing customer trade confirmations and statements; performing designated cashier functions, including the delivery and receipt of funds and securities to or from the customer; possession or control of customer securities, safeguarding customer funds, transmitting tax accounting information to the customer and to the applicable tax authorities; and forwarding prospectuses, proxies and other shareholder information to customers.

 

By the end of 2004, TradeStation Securities had approximately 18,300 equities, futures and forex accounts, the vast majority of which were equities and futures accounts, as compared to approximately 12,300 accounts at the end of 2003. During the 2004 fourth quarter, TradeStation Securities’ brokerage customer account base averaged nearly 35,000 daily average revenue trades (often called “DARTs”), as compared to 26,500 during the 2003 fourth quarter. During 2004, the average TradeStation Securities account made approximately 550 revenue trades. As of December 31, 2004, the average account asset balance of an equities account was nearly $100,000 and the average asset balance of a futures account was over $20,000.

 

In 2004, we launched TradeStation 8 and, in February 2005, an updated version, TradeStation 8.1. TradeStation 8 and its update contain significant enhancements, including integrated direct-access options execution, automated execution of options strategies, an enhanced options analysis window, market depth data for options, extended historical data for forex, cancel/replace stop market orders, the ability to back-test and automate strategies that monitor and act upon intra-bar events, and several other order execution, charting and market data enhancements.

 

On March 7, 2005, in Barron’s magazine’s annual ratings of online brokerage firms, TradeStation Securities, along with five other online brokerage firms, received the highest rating given—4 1/2 stars. In 2004 and 2003, Barron’s named TradeStation Securities Best Broker for Active Traders (a category not used in the 2005 ratings). In the Technical Analysis of Stocks and Commodities magazine Readers’ Choice Awards published February 23, 2005, TradeStation Securities was named, for the first time, Best Stock Brokerage, over competitors that included Ameritrade, Charles Schwab, E*Trade, Fidelity Brokerage, HarrisDirect, Scottrade, and TD Waterhouse, and, also for the first time, Best Futures Brokerage, over competitors that included Lind-Waldock, Man Futures, Refco and Rosenthal Collins. TradeStation Securities was also named in Stocks & Commodities magazine, for the third year in a row, best Direct Access Stock Brokerage, best Direct Access Futures Brokerage, best Institutional Platform, and best Professional Platform, over competitors that included Bloomberg, Reuters, Schwab’s CyberTrader, Refco and Man Futures.

 

We also provide via our technologies subsidiary, TradeStation Technologies, subscription services. The subscription version of TradeStation is an institutional-quality service that offers strategy trading software tools that generate real-time buy and sell alerts based upon the subscriber’s programmed strategies, but does not include order execution. Subscribers are charged a monthly subscription fee. The TradeStation trading software platform was named, for the second year in a row, best Subscription Internet Analytical Platform in the Technical Analysis of Stocks and Commodities magazine Readers’ Choice Awards published February 23, 2005, as well as, for the first time, best Options Analysis Software, best Trading Systems-Stocks, best Trading Systems-Futures, and best Trading Systems-Options, and TradeStation Technologies’ support Web site (which is now part of TradeStation Securities’ Web-based customer support center) was named best Trading Centers, Schools, Training.

 

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Our principal executive offices are located in The TradeStation Building, 8050 S.W. 10th Street, Suite 4000, Plantation, Florida 33324, and our telephone number is (954) 652-7000.

 

THIS REPORT (PARTICULARLY “ITEM 1. BUSINESS” AND “ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS”) CONTAINS STATEMENTS THAT ARE FORWARD-LOOKING WITHIN THE MEANING OF SECTION 27A OF THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, AND SECTION 21E OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED. SEE “ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – ISSUES, UNCERTAINTIES AND RISK FACTORS.”

 

Industry Background

 

Active Trader Market

 

The active trader market is usually defined as retail individuals, which include intra-day or day traders, semi-professionals, active “self-directed” traders, people who trade for themselves as a full-time or part-time business endeavor, or any other individual that trades much more actively than the typical online trading account. An active trader has historically been defined as one who trades a minimum of 10 times per month. The average TradeStation brokerage account trades four to five times that number.

 

The vast majority of active traders are believed to be with “traditional” online brokerage firms (e.g., Ameritrade, E*Trade, Fidelity, Schwab, T.D. Waterhouse, etc.). It is generally accepted in the online brokerage industry that 5% to 10% of each large online brokerage firm’s customer base consists of active traders. Nearly all of the large online brokerage firms have tried over recent years to acquire direct-access firms or technology, and more sophisticated trading analysis platforms, in order to retain and grow this most valuable segment of their customer bases. According to data and reports published over the last several years, there are estimated to be more than 20 million online accounts, and direct-access trading accounts have grown and have accounted for a higher percentage of trading activity of both Nasdaq and listed securities. Based on industry articles published in recent years, it appears that the majority of all order flow – both listed and Nasdaq – is handled electronically. Active traders are generally believed to account for the majority of online daily trades and have larger account asset balances (under current regulations, a minimum account balance of $25,000 is required for very active traders). In the 2004 fourth quarter, the average account asset balance of a TradeStation Securities equities account was nearly $100,000.

 

We believe an online brokerage focused on active traders, in order to maximize its potential for successful market penetration, needs to deliver:

 

    Direct-access order placement and execution, including both automated and one-click manual order placement capabilities

 

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    State-of-the-art advanced orders capabilities – the ability to use various order-placement features (limits, trailing stops, simultaneous orders, contingency orders, reserve orders, hidden orders, pegged orders, discretionary orders, etc.)

 

    Intelligent/smart order routing

 

    Access to most, if not all, major avenues of execution (the major ECNs, Archipelago, Nasdaq Market Center, SuperDOT, Globex, eCBOT, the major electronic options exchanges, etc.)

 

    A competitive, per share commission pricing structure

 

    Strategy testing and automation capabilities, as well as advanced charting and analysis software tools

 

    Streaming, real-time quotes, including meaningful market depth displays

 

    Trade desk, customer account and technical support services

 

    Customer training services

 

TradeStation Securities offers each of the above-mentioned features.

 

Institutional Trader Market

 

We see the institutional trader market, as it relates to potential customer relationships for direct-access brokerage firms like TradeStation Securities, as hedge fund and money managers, commodity trading advisors and commodity pool operators, and registered investment advisers who use short-term trading strategies. According to recent estimates, there are approximately 7,000 hedge funds today, which are estimated to manage up to one trillion dollars of invested assets, and 8,000 registered investment advisors, which are estimated to manage more than $23 trillion of invested assets. Also, of the largest hedge fund complexes, those with over $1 billion in assets, a majority have funds or commodity pools sponsored, operated or advised by CFTC-registered commodity trading advisors and/or commodity pool operators. The CFTC recently reported that there are approximately 3,250 commodity pools and more than 2,000 registered commodity pool operators.

 

Many believe that buy side institutional traders have become less and less pleased with Wall Street (traditional sell side brokerage firms) and are moving, to one degree or another, towards using direct-access execution of their trading decisions. The biggest concern institutional traders are said to have today is that the cost of their trades – not just commissions, but mainly the costs that result from adverse market movement caused by large block trades – is no longer acceptable. Accordingly, these institutional traders are looking for systems that provide the fastest execution at the best prices possible. The fastest execution is provided by robust direct-access technology, and the “best prices possible” means an exhaustive list of execution venues to ensure maximum access to liquidity through intelligent order routing. It also means that the direct-access platform offers “stealthy” execution of large block orders (anonymity) through advanced reserve order, hidden order, discretionary order and order pegging technology – technology that enables the trade to be completed with minimal market disturbance. These basics: (1) effective, robust, speedy execution; (2) full liquidity (access to all major electronic marketplaces); (3) advanced order capabilities; and (4) intelligent order routing, must be in place before an institutional fund manager or other institutional buy side trader will consider using a direct-access brokerage firm. These are all strengths of the TradeStation electronic trading platform.

 

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Other features and services that are important to many buy side institutional traders include sophisticated decision-support front ends, automated trading functionality, intuitive, manual one-click order placement, advanced portfolio/basket trading, multiple account trade allocation, a detailed, flexible order management/portfolio management system (or the ability to integrate their management systems with the direct-access firm’s order execution software), and a broad scope of assets (stocks, options, futures and forex). TradeStation contains, arguably, the best decision-support and automated trading and manual order placement functionality on the market, list/basket trading, multiple account trade allocation, and state-of-the-art direct-access execution services for stocks, options and futures trading, and advanced analytics and electronic execution for forex trading, and is working to complete more advanced portfolio/basket trading features and new order and risk management system compatibilities and features.

 

Products and Services

 

Overview – TradeStation

 

Our main product/service offering is the TradeStation electronic trading platform, complete with direct-access order execution services, for institutional, professional and serious, active individual traders. A formal patent application covering what we believe to be the unique, powerful technology of TradeStation is pending. TradeStation does not provide investment or trading advice or recommendations, or recommend the use of any particular strategy, but rather enables the trader to design, test, optimize and automate his own, custom trading strategies. TradeStation is a registered trademark in the United States, Australia, Canada, the European Union, Indonesia, Korea, Singapore, South Africa and Taiwan.

 

In addition to offering the TradeStation electronic trading platform to the brokerage customers of our TradeStation Securities subsidiary, we offer, through our TradeStation Technologies subsidiary, TradeStation subscriptions. The difference between the TradeStation electronic trading platform and the TradeStation subscription service is that the subscription service does not include order execution or account management capabilities.

 

TradeStation has, since its initial release as a strategy trading software program in 1991, been our flagship product. From 1996 until October 2001 it was marketed worldwide to institutional traders on a monthly subscription basis by Telerate, Inc., as a premium tool for the Telerate data feed service. It has also served, and continues to serve, as a strategy trading platform for numerous third-party software applications. Its state-of-the-art technology empowers the trader to design and develop a trading strategy based upon the trader’s objective rules and criteria, test the potential profitability of that trading strategy against historical data, and then computer-automate it to monitor the applicable market and alert the trader in real-time when the criteria of the trading strategy have been met and an order should, therefore, be placed. The principal features of TradeStation that enable the trader to design and develop trading strategies are EasyLanguage and the PowerEditor. EasyLanguage is a proprietary computer language we developed consisting of English-like statements and trading terms which can be input by the trader to describe particular objective rules and criteria. The PowerEditor is a compiler of EasyLanguage statements that provides the trader with considerable flexibility to modify and combine different trading rules and criteria, which ultimately result in the design of the trader’s trading strategies. EasyLanguage and PowerEditor are also registered trademarks.

 

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Brokerage Services

 

TradeStation Securities’ principal offering today is online brokerage services, covering equities (principally stocks and ETFs), equities options, futures (including futures options) and forex transactions, through the TradeStation electronic trading platform. TradeStation Securities’ targeted customer base for brokerage services includes active individual, professional and institutional traders, including hedge fund and money managers and investment advisors who use short-term trading strategies. In addition to providing direct-access online services through the TradeStation electronic trading platform, the brokerage firm offers personal support services by its registered trade-desk representatives who execute customers’ orders through direct-access order execution systems if the customer is for some reason unable or unwilling to place the order using his or her own computer.

 

Having a “direct-access” order execution system, whether accessed directly by the brokerage customer through the TradeStation electronic trading platform or by a TradeStation Securities broker on behalf of the brokerage customer, means that both the online services and the firm’s trading desks are directly connected to stock, futures and options exchanges and ECNs. ECNs, such as Instinet (INCA)/Island (ISLD) and Bloomberg (BTRD), and electronic equities exchanges such as ARCX, Nasdaq Market Center, which now includes BRUT, and SuperDOT (listed securities), directly match anonymous buyers and sellers participating on the network. This system often results in the simplest, most direct and speediest execution of orders for equity securities at the best available price. With respect to electronically-traded futures contracts, the TradeStation electronic trading platform is directly connected to the CME (Globex), CBOT (eCBOT) and OneChicago. With respect to pit-traded futures contracts, TradeStation is directly connected to its futures clearing organization’s online execution system which sends the order directly to the trading pit. Approximately 98% of the company’s futures trades are on the electronic futures exchanges. With respect to options, the TradeStation electronic trading platform is directly connected to every major options exchange that offer electronic trading, including AMEX, BOX, CBOE, ISE, PCX and PHLX. With respect to forex deals, the TradeStation electronic trading platform is directly connected to a third-party forex dealer’s online deal system, which then electronically places the forex orders.

 

TradeStation Securities self-clears for its active trader equity securities accounts. Institutional accounts for equity securities, and all futures accounts, currently are carried on a “fully disclosed” basis by the brokerage’s clearing agents. TradeStation Securities executes its customers’ securities and futures transactions on an agency basis only, as opposed to a principal basis. That is, it acts as the agent for its customers directly in the market. When brokerage firms perform transactions on a principal basis, they are permitted to accept a customer’s order to purchase, purchase the securities in the market for the brokerage firm, and then sell the securities to the customer. TradeStation Securities does not do this. It always charges only an agreed-upon commission and never earns income from marking up or marking down its customers’ securities or futures transactions. For forex deals, a forex dealer affiliated with our futures clearing agent acts as principal/counterparty for, and clears, all deals with the company’s forex customers.

 

For financial information concerning the brokerage services segment of our operations, see MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS and Note 18 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – SEGMENT AND RELATED INFORMATION.

 

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Software Products and Services

 

In December 2000, we launched the TradeStation electronic subscription service. The TradeStation electronic subscription service includes our award-winning strategy trading features and functions, streaming real-time charts and quotes, streaming news, state-of-the-art analytical charting, and all other features included in the TradeStation electronic trading platform other than trade order placement and other trading or brokerage-related features or services. During 2004, the TradeStation electronic subscription service was offered to new subscribers at the monthly rate of $199.95 and to legacy customers who had “upgraded” at a monthly rate of $129.95. We evaluate our approach to subscription fee pricing on an ongoing basis, which may result in different price offerings during 2005. TradeStation (both as a subscription service and as a brokerage account trading platform) also offers our OptionStation and RadarScreen functions and features. OptionStation, also an award-winning technology, is an options trading analysis product for equities, index and futures options that enables traders to explore options trading strategies. RadarScreen enables traders to scan up to hundreds or thousands, depending upon the data service and computer hardware used, of equities or other securities to identify potential buying or selling opportunities based upon the traders’ own trading strategies.

 

In the 2001 fiscal year, our software products and services operations were responsible for the majority of our revenues. However, we ceased marketing our legacy software products in May 2000 and ceased marketing our subscription software services in December 2000. Accordingly, in 2002, 2003 and 2004, and, we expect, for the foreseeable future, our brokerage operations produced and should continue to produce the majority of our revenues. In 2002, 2003 and 2004, brokerage revenues accounted for approximately 80%, 85% and 86%, respectively, of our total revenues, and subscription fees accounted for approximately 14%, 12% and 11%, respectively, of our total revenues over that three-year period.

 

For financial information concerning the software products and services segment of our operations, see MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS and Note 18 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – SEGMENT AND RELATED INFORMATION.

 

Sales and Marketing

 

Our marketing in 2004 consisted principally of print advertising in Active Trader, Futures, SFO, and Technical Analysis of Stocks & Commodities magazines, direct mail and e-mail, sales seminars, and our Web sites, though, in the 2004 fourth quarter, after engaging an advertising agency, we began a limited television advertising campaign, which has continued. The mix and frequency of television, print, Web-site, direct-mail and in-person marketing methods we use to try to achieve results will likely be continually modified as we test such methods and mixtures and analyze and interpret the results.

 

Approximately 12% of our revenues were derived from customers outside of the United States for the year ended December 31, 2004. Less than 10% of our revenues were derived from customers outside of the United States for the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002. International revenues are collected in U.S. dollars. We conduct no marketing, sales or other operations, and maintain no assets, outside of the United States.

 

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Strategic Relationships

 

Clearing Services. Our brokerage’s clearing services for institutional securities accounts, and for all futures accounts, are currently provided by Bear, Stearns Securities Corp. and R.J. O’Brien & Associates, Inc., respectively, pursuant to industry-standard clearing agreements.

 

Forex Deal Services. Our forex deal services are currently provided through an arrangement with R.J. O’Brien Foreign Exchange Inc., an affiliate of our futures clearing agent. Forex customers design, test, optimize and automate their forex strategies using TradeStation, then, when a deal order is to be placed, the customer connects directly to the online deal system that R.J. O’Brien Foreign Exchange licenses from a third-party software system vendor, and places the order. R.J. O’Brien Foreign Exchange is the counterparty/principal for each forex deal.

 

Technology Development

 

We believe that our success depends, in large part, on our ability to offer unique, Internet-based trading technologies with state-of-the-art order execution technologies, and continuously enhance those technologies, as well as develop and implement well-designed and user-friendly Web sites. To date, we have relied primarily on internal development of our products and services. We currently perform all quality assurance and develop user education and other training materials internally. In 2004, 2003 and 2002, technology development expenses were approximately $7.4 million, $7.1 million and $8.9 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2004, our technology development team was comprised of 76 people, as compared to 74 as of December 31, 2003, a 3% increase.

 

We view our technology development cycle as a four-step process to achieve technological feasibility. The first step is to conceptualize in detail the defining features and functions that we believe our targeted market requires from the product or service, and to undertake a cost-benefit analysis to determine the proper scope and integration of such features and functions. Once the functional requirements of the product or service have been determined, the second step is to technically design the product or service. The third step is the detailed implementation, or engineering, of this technical design. The fourth step is rigorous quality assurance testing to ensure that the final product or service generally meets the functional requirements determined in the first step. Several refinements are typically added and tested in the quality assurance phase of development. Once this process is completed, technological feasibility has been achieved and the working model is available for release to our customers.

 

The market for strategy trading software tools, streaming real-time market data and news services, and online order execution services is characterized by: rapidly changing technology; evolving industry standards in computer hardware, programming tools and languages, operating systems, database technology and information delivery systems; changes in customer requirements; and frequent new product and service introductions and enhancements, as well as technical consolidation of products and services. Our success will depend, in part, upon our ability to develop and maintain competitive technologies and to develop and introduce new products, services and enhancements in a timely and cost-effective manner that meets changing conditions such as evolving customer needs, existing and new competitive product and service offerings, emerging industry standards and changing technology. There can be no assurance that we will be able to develop and market, on a timely basis, if at all, products, services or

 

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enhancements that respond to changing market conditions or that will be accepted by customers. Any failure by us to anticipate or to respond quickly to changing market conditions, or any significant delays in the introduction of new products and services or enhancements, could cause customers to delay using, or decide against the use of, our products and services and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

Customer Services and Support and Training

 

We provide customer services and support and product-use training in the following ways:

 

Customer Services and Support. Telephone customer service is provided to brokerage customers through a trained customer service team. Technical support to subscription and brokerage customers who use the TradeStation electronic platform is provided by a technical support team. Advanced EasyLanguage consulting services (services that technically assist customers in the use of EasyLanguage to write the customers’ own trading strategies) are available from internal resources and from unaffiliated, independent EasyLanguage consultants. A substantial amount of technical support information is also provided on our Web sites.

 

Product-use Training. We consider user education important to try to help our customers increase their abilities to use our products and services fully and effectively. The majority of our training materials consist of extensive online documentation and technical assistance information on our Web sites, including online tutorials, as well as in-person training seminars and an annual users conference, so that our customers may learn to use and take full advantage of the sophisticated technology of the TradeStation electronic trading platform. The TradeStation.com Support Center includes access to an interactive community for active traders who engage or have interest in the development, testing and use of objective trading strategies. The community provides numerous discussion forums on a variety of topics related to strategy development and technical trading as well as TradeStation product and service features, articles about trading from industry leaders, and a “library” of strategy indicators, rules and components written in our proprietary EasyLanguage, many of which are donated by third parties.

 

Competition

 

The market for online brokerage services is intensely competitive and rapidly evolving, and there appears to be substantial consolidation in the industry in three different ways. First, there has been over the past several years and continues to be consolidation of three types of services that traditionally were offered separately: online brokerage services; real-time market data services; and trading analysis software products and services. With the TradeStation electronic trading platform, we have embraced this consolidation by offering all three of these services in a fully-integrated, seamless manner. Second, we believe consolidation is beginning to occur in the four major online execution markets for active traders – equities, equities options, futures and forex – meaning that, contrary to specializing in offering services for only one of those market instruments, more and more firms are offering or plan to offer three or four of those services. With our offering of online trading services for all four of these markets, we have embraced this consolidation as well. Third, as a result of price pressure and competition over the last three years, we believe barriers of entry to, and the sustainability of, small online brokerage businesses have become more challenging. As a result, many small online brokerage firms have, over the past few years, failed or been acquired by larger firms that are seeking to increase the size of

 

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their account base to help increase their ability to compete on price. We believe we have advantages in this area. The uniqueness of our trading technology enables us to charge value-added fees to our customers, and the scalability and efficiencies made possible by that technology, coupled with the frequent trading activity of our customer base, enable us to grow our daily average revenue trade activity with minimal increases in our fixed costs.

 

We believe that competition, including price competition, as well as consolidation, will substantially increase and intensify in the future. We believe our ability to compete will depend upon many factors both within and outside our control, including: price pressure; the timing and market acceptance of new products and services and enhancements developed by us and our competitors; our ability to design and support efficient, materially error-free Internet-based systems; market conditions, such as recession; the size of the active trader market today and in the future; the extent to which institutional traders are willing to use direct-access brokerage services offered by firms that have traditionally served mostly retail customers; product and service functionality; data availability and cost; clearing costs; ease of use; reliability; customer service and support; and sales and marketing decisions and efforts.

 

We face direct competition from several publicly-traded and privately-held companies, principally online brokerages, including providers of direct-access order execution services. Our competitors include the many online brokerages currently active in the United States, including Ameritrade, Banc of America Investment Services (formerly Quick & Reilly), Charles Schwab & Co. (including CyberTrader), E*Trade Securities, Fidelity Brokerage Services, HarrisDirect (formerly CSFB Direct), Instinet Corporation (a Reuters subsidiary, and an ECN that also provides direct-access brokerage service), Interactive Brokers, JPMorgan, Merrill Lynch Direct, OptionsXpress, Redi Products, a division of Spear, Leeds & Kellogg (which is owned by Goldman Sachs), Scottrade Financial Services, TD Waterhouse Investor Services, Terra Nova Trading and thinkorswim. Those brokers currently serve, in the aggregate, more than 90% of existing online accounts, and many are focusing on attracting and retaining active traders. Many online brokerages currently claim to offer direct-access service. Even though we are rated as one of the best online brokerage firms in the United States, there can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain such ratings, be rated that highly in the future, compete effectively with our competitors, adequately educate potential customers about the benefits our products and services provide, or continue to offer such products and services.

 

Many of our existing and potential competitors, which include large, online discount and traditional national brokerages, and financial institutions that are focusing more closely on online services, including direct-access services for active traders, have longer operating histories, significantly greater financial, technical and marketing resources, greater name recognition and a larger installed customer base than do we. Further, there is the risk that larger financial institutions which offer online brokerage services as only one of many financial services may decide to use extremely low commission pricing as a “loss leader” to acquire and accumulate customer accounts and assets to derive interest income and income from their other financial services. We do not offer other financial services, and have no plans to do so; therefore, such pricing techniques, should they become common in our industry, could have a material, adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and business model.

 

Generally, competitors may be able to respond more quickly to new or emerging technologies or changes in customer requirements or to devote greater resources to the

 

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development, promotion and sale of their products and services. There can be no assurance that our existing or potential competitors will not develop products and services comparable or superior to those developed and offered by us or adapt more quickly to new technologies, evolving industry trends or changing customer requirements, or that we will be able to timely and adequately complete the implementation, and appropriately maintain and enhance the operation, of our business model. Increased competition could result in price reductions, reduced margins, failure to obtain any significant market share, or loss of market share, any of which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. There can be no assurance that we will be able to compete successfully against current or future competitors, or that competitive pressures faced by us will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

Intellectual Property

 

Our success is and will be heavily dependent on proprietary software technology, including certain technology currently in development. We view our software technology as proprietary, and rely, and will be relying, on a combination of copyright, trade secret and trademark laws, nondisclosure agreements and other contractual provisions and technical measures to establish and protect our proprietary rights. We have a formal patent application pending for the TradeStation trading platform, but software patents, particularly Internet-related software patents, are increasingly difficult to obtain, and there can be no assurance that we will obtain a patent or patents broad enough in scope to have value, or obtain a patent at all. We have registered copyright rights in our EasyLanguage dictionary and documentation and TradeStation software.

 

We have obtained trademark registrations for the TradeStation mark in the United States, Australia, Canada, the European Union, Indonesia, Korea, Singapore, South Africa and Taiwan. We have obtained registrations for the OptionStation mark in the United States, Canada and the European Union. We have obtained registrations in the United States for the marks ActivityBar, EasyLanguage, PositionGraphs, PowerEditor, ProbabilityMap, ProSuite, RadarScreen, Test Before You Trade and other marks.

 

We use an online subscription agreement for our Internet trading software and data services between TradeStation Technologies and each of the users (whether the users are brokerage customers or monthly subscribers) in order to protect our copyrights and trade secrets and to prevent such users from commercially exploiting such copyrights and trade secrets for their own gain. Since these licenses are not physically signed by the licensees, it is possible their enforceability is limited under certain state laws and the laws of many foreign jurisdictions.

 

Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, unauthorized parties copy or otherwise obtain, use or exploit our software or technology independently. Policing unauthorized use of our software technology is difficult, and we are unable to determine the extent to which piracy of our software technology exists. Piracy can be expected to be a persistent problem, particularly in international markets and as a result of the growing use of the Internet. In addition, effective protection of intellectual property rights may be unavailable or limited in certain countries, including some in which we may attempt to expand sales efforts. There can be no assurance that the steps taken by us to protect our proprietary rights will be adequate or that our competitors will not independently develop technologies that are substantially equivalent or superior to ours.

 

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There has been substantial litigation in the software industry involving intellectual property rights. We do not believe that we are infringing, or that any technology in development will infringe, the intellectual property rights of others. However, there can be no assurance that infringement claims would not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

To the extent that we acquire or license a portion of the software or data included in our products or services from third parties (some data is licensed from third parties), or market products licensed from others generally, our exposure to infringement actions may increase because we must rely upon such third parties for information as to the origin and ownership of such acquired or licensed software or data technology. Software patent infringement cases in financial service industries are becoming more frequent, and we may be subject to litigation to defend against claimed infringement of the rights of others or to determine the scope and validity of the intellectual property rights of others. In the future, litigation will likely be necessary to establish, define, enforce, defend and protect patents, trade secrets, copyrights, trademarks and other intellectual property rights. Any such litigation would likely be costly and divert management’s attention, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Adverse determinations in such litigation could result in the loss of proprietary rights, subject us to significant liabilities, require us to seek licenses from third parties, which could be expensive, or prevent us from selling our products or services or using our trademarks, any one of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

Government Regulation

 

Our brokerage subsidiary, TradeStation Securities, is subject to extensive securities and futures industry regulation under both federal and state laws as a broker-dealer with respect to its equities and equities options business and as a futures commission merchant with respect to its futures and forex business. Broker-dealers and futures commission merchants are subject to regulations covering all aspects of those businesses, including: sales methods; trade practices; use and safe-keeping of customers’ funds and securities; clearing, processing and settlement of trades, and arrangements with clearing houses, exchanges and clearing corporations; capital structure; cash deposit or escrow requirements (or their equivalent); record keeping; conduct of directors, officers and employees; and supervision. To the extent TradeStation Securities solicits orders from customers or makes investment recommendations, it is subject to additional rules and regulations governing, among other things, sales practices and the suitability of recommendations to its customers.

 

TradeStation Securities’ mode of operation and profitability may be directly affected by: additional legislation; changes in rules promulgated by the SEC, NASD, NYSE, CFTC, NFA, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, DTCC, OCC, various securities and futures exchanges, and other self-regulatory associations and organizations; and changes in the interpretation or enforcement of existing rules and laws, particularly any changes focused on online brokerages that target an active trader customer base.

 

With respect to active trading, the NASD has adopted rules that require firms to provide customers with a risk disclosure statement about active trading. Further, the NASD and NYSE’s

 

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margin rules impose more restrictive requirements for “pattern” active traders. Governmental concern is focused in two basic areas: that the customer has sufficient trading experience and that the customer has sufficient risk capital to engage in active trading. A minimum equities account balance of $25,000 is required. TradeStation Securities’ customer account documentation specifies that being a brokerage customer of TradeStation Securities is only for traders who have experience in active trading, are willing to risk considerable amounts of capital (at least $50,000), and are interested in engaging in high-risk, short-term, speculative trading activity. We believe our brokerage firm’s minimum account opening requirements, as well as the extensive user education documentation and tutorials offered on our Web site, are consistent with both the letter and the spirit of current rules and regulations concerning active trading.

 

The SEC, NASD, NYSE, CFTC, NFA and other self-regulatory associations and organizations and state securities commissions can censure, fine, enjoin, suspend, expel or issue cease-and-desist orders to a broker-dealer or futures commission merchant or any of its officers or employees.

 

Marketing campaigns by TradeStation Securities to bring brand name recognition to its services and to promote the benefit of those services, such as the TradeStation electronic trading platform and its various features, are regulated by the NASD and NFA, and all marketing materials must be reviewed by an appropriately-licensed TradeStation Securities principal prior to release, and must conform to standards articulated by the SEC, NASD and NFA. The NASD or NFA may request that revisions be made to marketing materials, and can impose certain penalties for violations of its advertising regulations, including censures or fines, a requirement of advance regulatory approval of all advertising, the issuance of cease-and-desist orders, and the suspension or expulsion of a broker-dealer or futures commission merchant or any of its officers or employees.

 

The SEC, NASD, NYSE, CFTC, NFA, DTCC and OCC and various other regulatory associations and organizations have stringent rules with respect to the maintenance of specific levels of net capital or cash deposit requirements and reserves by securities broker-dealers and futures commission merchants. Net capital is the net worth of the regulated company (assets minus liabilities), less deductions for certain types of assets as well as other charges. If a firm fails to maintain the required net capital it must cease conducting business and, if it does not do so, it may be subject to suspension or revocation of registration by the SEC or the CFTC and suspension or expulsion by the NASD, NYSE or NFA, and it could ultimately lead to the firm’s liquidation.

 

TradeStation Securities is registered as a broker-dealer in every U.S. state and the District of Columbia, and is subject to regulation under the laws of those jurisdictions, including registration requirements and being subject to sanctions if a determination of misconduct is made.

 

TradeStation Securities is a member of the SIPC. SIPC provides protection of up to $500,000 for each securities account brokerage customer, subject to a limitation of $100,000 for cash balances, in the event of the financial failure of a broker-dealer. For securities brokerage accounts the custody and trade clearing of and for which are handled by TradeStation Securities, an excess securities bond through HSBC Insurance Brokerage Limited, as agent of Lloyd’s of London, provides protection for any loss of securities and/or cash in excess of primary SIPC

 

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protection, up to $200 million in the aggregate (and up to $24.5 million per any one account). Based upon the asset size per account and in the aggregate of TradeStation Securities’ securities account customer base as of the date of this report, this excess-SIPC protection, combined with primary SIPC protection, should be more than adequate to cover the loss of 100% of those customer assets in the very unlikely event that TradeStation Securities experienced financial failure and all customer assets were somehow lost. To the extent TradeStation Securities clears its securities brokerage transactions through Bear, Stearns Securities Corp. (which, currently, it does only for institutional accounts), Bear, Stearns has obtained an excess securities bond that provides protection for any loss of securities and/or cash in excess of the primary SIPC protection. Neither SIPC nor excess-SIPC coverage applies to fluctuations in the market value of securities or any losses other than those directly caused by the financial failure of the broker-dealer, or to futures or forex accounts.

 

It is possible that other federal or state agencies will attempt to regulate our current and planned online and other electronic service activities with rules that may include compliance requirements relating to record keeping, data processing, other operation methods, privacy, pricing, content, and quality of goods and services as the market for online commerce evolves. Given the continuing growth of the electronic commerce market, federal or state authorities may enact additional laws, rules or regulations, not only with respect to online brokerage services, but to other online services we provide or may in the future provide. Such laws, rules and regulations, if and when enacted, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

 

Employees

 

As of December 31, 2004, we had 256 full-time equivalent employees, consisting of 29 in clearing operations, 76 in technology development (including software engineering, product management, user education and quality assurance), 109 in sales and marketing relating to brokerage services, subscriptions and software products (including 39 in sales, 16 on the trading desk, 42 in customer service and software support and 12 in marketing and fulfillment), and 42 in general and administrative (including executive management, finance, information technology services, compliance and human resources). Our employees are not represented by any collective bargaining organization, and we have never experienced a work stoppage and consider our relations with our employees to be good.

 

Our future success depends, in significant part, upon the continued service of our key senior management and technology development personnel. The loss of the services of one or more of these key employees could have a material adverse effect on us. There can be no assurance that we will be able to retain our key personnel. Departures and additions of personnel, to the extent disruptive, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

Available Information

 

We offer access to our corporate TradeStation Group Web site via www.tradestation.com. We make available free of charge through our Web site this Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as

 

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amended, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission. We also make available, through our Web site, statements of beneficial ownership filed by our directors, officers, shareholders who own more than 10% of our issued and outstanding capital stock, and others under Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is filed with, or furnished to, the Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

 

We have a ten-year lease expiring in August 2012 (with two 5-year renewal options) that commenced in the summer of 2002 for an approximately 70,000 square-foot corporate headquarters in Plantation, Florida. Plantation is just west of Ft. Lauderdale, Florida (Broward County). This headquarters consolidated the personnel and operations of our former Miami and Boca Raton offices.

 

Our brokerage operations were formerly headquartered from 11,800 square feet of office facilities in Boca Raton, Florida pursuant to a lease that expires in February 2007. All of this space is currently being subleased through February 2007 at lease rates significantly lower than the rates we pay.

 

Our technologies subsidiary has an approximately 13,500 square foot leased facility in Richardson, Texas from which certain technology development and technical operations are conducted. A portion of those facilities serve as a branch office for TradeStation Securities. That lease expires July 31, 2007. We also lease exclusive rack space for our data server farms at three sites, one in Richardson, Texas (expiring in April 2006), one in Chicago, Illinois (expiring in August 2006), and one in Miami, Florida (expiring in May 2005).

 

We believe that our facilities are adequate to support our current operations and that, if needed, we will be able to obtain suitable additional facilities on commercially reasonable terms.

 

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

 

On September 5, 2003, Datamize, Inc., a Wyoming corporation, filed an Original Complaint for Patent Infringement against nine defendants, including TradeStation Securities, all of whom offer online securities trading services. The other defendants named were Fidelity Brokerage Services, Scottrade, Interactive Brokers Group, Instinet, Charles Schwab, CyberTrader, E*Trade Securities and Terra Nova Trading. The complaint was filed in the United States District Court, Eastern District of Texas. The complaint alleged that the online trading platforms and services the defendants offer to their customers infringes United States Patent No. 6,460,040 issued to Datamize on October 1, 2002. In December 2004, all claims against TradeStation Securities were settled by a settlement and license agreement between TradeStation Securities and Datamize for a lump-sum royalty payment which covers all uses since patent issuance and for the remaining years of the patents in question. The amount of the royalty attributable to the 2004 fourth quarter was not, and the amount attributable to any future period will not be, material to our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

 

Three lawsuits have been filed by former principal owners of onlinetradinginc.com corp. (the predecessor of TradeStation Securities) against TradeStation Group, certain of its directors and

 

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executive officers and certain family partnerships owned by two of the executive officers. On July 25, 2003, Benedict S. Gambino, from whom the company, as of October 18, 2002, purchased 2,417,000 shares of its common stock in a private transaction, filed a lawsuit against the company and three of its executive officers, William R. Cruz, Ralph L. Cruz and Marc J. Stone, in the Circuit Court of Broward County, State of Florida. This lawsuit’s allegations include violation of the Florida Securities and Investor Protection Act, common law fraud, negligent misrepresentation, breach of fiduciary duty and breach of contract. On August 18, 2003, Andrew A. Allen Family Limited Partnership (owned and controlled by Andrew A. Allen), from whom the company, as of November 26, 2002, purchased 1,000,000 shares of its common stock in a private transaction, filed a lawsuit against the same defendants in the same court. This lawsuit’s allegations include violation of the Florida Securities and Investor Protection Act, common law fraud, breach of fiduciary duty, negligent misrepresentation and fraudulent inducement. On August 28, 2003, Farshid Tafazzoli and E. Steven zum Tobel filed a lawsuit against the company, the Cruzes, family partnerships owned and controlled by the Cruzes, Mr. Stone, Charles Wright and David Fleischman in the Circuit Court of Miami-Dade County, State of Florida. Mr. Tafazzoli’s claims relate to his family partnership’s sale, as of May 1, 2002, of 3,000,000 shares of Company common stock to family partnerships owned by William and Ralph Cruz, and Mr. zum Tobel’s claims relate to his family partnership’s sale, as of May 3, 2002, of 133,942 shares of Company common stock to Charles Wright. This lawsuit’s allegations include violation of the Florida Securities and Investor Protection Act, common law fraud and breach of fiduciary duty. Each of the three lawsuits seeks rescission of the share purchases and/or compensatory damages, plus interest, costs and attorneys’ fees. All three cases are in the discovery phase of litigation, and we continue to believe all of the claims in all three cases are baseless.

 

TradeStation Securities is also engaged in routine litigation or other dispute resolution proceedings, such as arbitration, incidental to, and part of the ordinary course of, its business (three claims in pending arbitrations seek, in the aggregate, tens of millions of dollars of actual and punitive damages).

 

While no assurances can be given, we do not believe that the ultimate outcome of any of the above legal matters or claims will result in a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

 

We decided, as of June 1, 2002, to no longer carry errors or omissions insurance that covers third-party claims made by brokerage customers or software subscribers as a result of alleged human or system errors, failures, acts or omissions. This decision was made based upon our assessment of the potential risks and benefits, including significant increases in premium rates, deductibles and coinsurance amounts, reductions in available per occurrence and aggregate coverage amounts, and the unavailability of policies that sufficiently cover the types of risks that relate to our business.

 

ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS

 

No matters were submitted to a vote of security holders during the fourth quarter of 2004.

 

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PART II

 

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

 

Common Stock Information

 

Our common stock, par value $.01 per share, is listed on The Nasdaq National Market under the symbol “TRAD.” The high and low closing sales prices based on actual transactions on The Nasdaq National Market during each of the quarters presented are as follows:

 

     Closing Sales Price

     High

   Low

2003:

             

First Quarter

   $ 3.67    $ 1.40

Second Quarter

     11.45      3.70

Third Quarter

     13.15      7.47

Fourth Quarter

     10.10      7.07

2004:

             

First Quarter

   $ 10.93    $ 6.23

Second Quarter

     7.85      5.59

Third Quarter

     7.31      4.85

Fourth Quarter

     7.80      6.13

2005:

             

First Quarter (through February 28, 2005)

   $ 7.05    $ 5.73

 

As of February 28, 2005, there were 93 holders of record of our common stock, and, based upon information previously provided to us by depositories and brokers, we believe there are more than 7,000 beneficial owners.

 

Dividend Policy

 

We intend to retain future earnings to finance our growth and development and therefore do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Payment of any future dividends will depend upon our future earnings and capital requirements and other factors we consider appropriate. We did not distribute any dividends during the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003, or 2002.

 

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

 

During the three months ended December 31, 2004, we did not issue or sell any unregistered securities. On January 3, 2005, we issued to 224 employees (including 3 executive officers) options to purchase an aggregate of approximately 526,000 shares of common stock. Such options vest ratably in annual increments over a five-year period and are exercisable at $7.11 per share, which was the fair market value (as defined in our Incentive Stock Plan) of our common stock on the date the options were granted. All of the options were granted under our Incentive Stock Plan in the ordinary course, and expire, if they remain unexercised, on the tenth anniversary of the date on which they were granted.

 

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All the foregoing options were issued by us in reliance upon the exemption from registration available under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

 

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

 

The following selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with, “MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS,” and the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto included in this report. The Consolidated Statement of Operations Data presented below for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, and the Consolidated Balance Sheet Data as of December 31, 2004 and 2003, have been derived from our Consolidated Financial Statements included on pages F-1 through F-31 of this report, which have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm. The Consolidated Statement of Operations Data presented below for the years ended December 31, 2001 and 2000, and the Consolidated Balance Sheet Data as of December 31, 2002, 2001, and 2000, have been derived from audited financial statements not included in this report. See also Note 19 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - UNAUDITED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION for quarterly financial information for fiscal years 2004 and 2003.

 

     YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,

 
     2004

   2003

    2002

    2001

    2000

 
     (In thousands except per share data and footnotes)  

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA (1):

                                       

Revenues:

                                       

Brokerage revenues

   $ 62,465    $ 50,858     $ 38,494     $ 18,602     $ 17,934  

Brokerage interest expense

     739      —         —         —         —    
    

  


 


 


 


Net brokerage revenues

     61,726      50,858       38,494       18,602       17,934  

Subscription fees

     8,125      7,034       6,639       9,566       8,170  

Other (2)

     1,989      2,257       3,258       12,819       26,822  
    

  


 


 


 


Net revenues

     71,840      60,149       48,391       40,987       52,926  
    

  


 


 


 


Operating expenses:

                                       

Clearing and execution costs

     21,320      17,938       11,312       5,772       4,787  

Data center costs

     5,969      5,110       5,616       5,532       4,002  

Technology development

     7,404      7,144       8,851       9,309       8,128  

Sales and marketing

     11,827      10,451       12,473       11,325       27,680  

General and administrative (3)

     10,903      8,778       10,048       18,893       17,894  

(Recovery of) provision for insurance claim

     —        —         (1,250 )     2,707       —    

Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets

     —        —         —         5,285       —    

Merger related costs

     —        —         —         —         3,800  
    

  


 


 


 


Total operating expenses

     57,423      49,421       47,050       58,823       66,291  
    

  


 


 


 


Income (loss) from operations

     14,417      10,728       1,341       (17,836 )     (13,365 )

Other income, net

     395      165       427       599       1,293  
    

  


 


 


 


Income (loss) before income taxes

     14,812      10,893       1,768       (17,237 )     (12,072 )

Income tax (benefit) provision

     118      (731 )     4       4,668       1,403  
    

  


 


 


 


Net income (loss)

   $ 14,694    $ 11,624     $ 1,764     $ (21,905 )   $ (13,475 )
    

  


 


 


 


Earnings (loss) per share:

                                       

Basic

   $ 0.35    $ 0.29     $ 0.04     $ (0.49 )   $ (0.31 )

Diluted

     0.33      0.27       0.04       (0.49 )     (0.31 )

Dividends declared per share

     —        —         —         —         —    

Weighted average shares outstanding:

                                       

Basic

     41,658      40,467       43,328       44,459       43,956  

Diluted

     44,317      43,390       43,386       44,459       43,956  

 

(Continued)

 

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     DECEMBER 31,

     2004

   2003

   2002

   2001

   2000

     (In thousands)

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET DATA (1):

                                  

Cash and cash equivalents (4)

   $ 32,111    $ 30,485    $ 16,060    $ 19,982    $ 18,395

Cash segregated in compliance with federal regulations

     347,095      532      350      —        —  

Receivables from brokers, dealers, clearing organizations and clearing agents

     19,404      527      751      255      1,029

Receivables from brokerage customers, net

     56,985      —        —        —        —  

Deposits with clearing organizations and clearing agents

     14,498      —        —        —        —  

Total assets

     479,676      38,001      22,618      26,821      50,354

Capital lease obligations (5)

     8      194      1,382      1,407      214

Shareholders’ equity

     49,325      29,746      12,393      17,458      39,025

(1) The selected financial data as of and for the year ended December 31, 2000 were restated to reflect the December 29, 2000 merger of TradeStation Technologies and TradeStation Securities under the pooling-of-interests method of accounting.
(2) Licensing fees have been combined with other revenues on the Consolidated Statements of Income for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2004. We ceased marketing legacy customer software in May 2000 and ceased offering legacy customer software products domestically in September 2001. As such, licensing fees were not material for the three years ended December 31, 2004. Licensing fees were approximately $5.0 million and $18.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively.
(3) Amortization of intangible assets has been combined with general and administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income for the three years in the period ended December 31, 2004. Amortization of intangible assets was approximately $55,000, $202,000, $891,000, $6.2 million and $6.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively.
(4) Includes restricted cash of $1.9 million, $2.2 million, $3.1 million, $3.6 million and $510,000 at December 31, 2004, 2003, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. See Note 17 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES – Restricted Cash.
(5) Capital lease obligations are included in “Accrued expenses” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

 

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

This discussion should be read in conjunction with the Selected Financial Data and the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in this report.

 

Overview

 

TradeStation Group, Inc., a Florida corporation formed in 2000, is the successor company to a publicly-held trading software company that was formed in 1982. TradeStation Group is listed on The Nasdaq National Market under the symbol “TRAD.” TradeStation Securities, Inc. and TradeStation Technologies, Inc. are currently TradeStation Group’s two operating subsidiaries.

 

TradeStation Securities, a leading online brokerage firm serving the active trader and certain institutional trader markets, is the company’s principal operating subsidiary. TradeStation Securities is a registered broker-dealer and futures commission merchant, and a member of the NASD, NYSE, SIPC, NFA, DTCC, OCC, AMEX, ARCX, BOX, CBOE, Eurex US, ISE, PCX and PHLX. TradeStation Securities’ business is also subject to the rules and requirements of the SEC, CFTC and state regulatory authorities.

 

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In September 2004, TradeStation Securities commenced self-clearing of equities trades for its active trader client base. Clearing operations include the confirmation, settlement, delivery and receipt of securities and funds and record-keeping functions involved in the processing of securities transactions. As the clearing broker for its equities active trader client base, TradeStation Securities maintains custody and control over the assets in those clients’ accounts and provides the following back office functions: maintaining customer accounts; extending credit in a margin account to the customer; settling security transactions with the DTCC; settling commissions and clearing fees; preparing customer trade confirmations and statements; performing designated cashier functions, including the delivery and receipt of funds and securities to or from the customer; possession or control of customer securities, safeguarding customer funds, transmitting tax accounting information to the customer and to the applicable tax authorities; and forwarding prospectuses, proxies and other shareholder information to customers. In the 2004 fourth quarter (the first full quarter of self-clearing active trader equities accounts), brokerage revenues included increased interest income, net of interest expense, and clearing costs were reduced, which, in the aggregate, represented approximately a $1.5 million improvement to income from operations from the 2004 third quarter.

 

By the end of 2004, TradeStation Securities had approximately 18,300 equities, futures and forex accounts, the vast majority of which were equities and futures accounts, as compared to approximately 12,300 accounts at the end of 2003. During the 2004 fourth quarter, TradeStation Securities’ brokerage customer account base averaged nearly 35,000 DARTs, as compared to 26,500 during the 2003 fourth quarter. As of December 31, 2004, the average account asset balance of an equities account was nearly $100,000 and the average asset balance of a futures account was over $20,000.

 

We also provide via our technologies subsidiary, TradeStation Technologies, subscription services. The subscription version of TradeStation is an institutional-quality service that offers strategy trading software tools that generate real-time buy and sell alerts based upon the subscriber’s programmed strategies, but does not include order execution. Subscribers are charged a monthly subscription fee.

 

Results of Operations

 

For the three years ended December 31, 2004, we operated in two principal business segments: (i) brokerage services and (ii) software products and services. The brokerage services segment represents the operations of TradeStation Securities and the software products and services segment represents the operations of TradeStation Technologies.

 

Effective April 2004, TradeStation Securities and TradeStation Technologies amended their intercompany licensing and support agreement and, with the parent company and a presently-inactive subsidiary, entered into an expense-sharing agreement to reflect current business relationships and to comply with applicable regulatory requirements (these two agreements are collectively referred to in this report as “intercompany expense allocation agreements”). These changes had no effect on the consolidated results, but did result in an increased allocation of general and administrative expenses to the brokerage services segment, and a corresponding decrease in general and administrative expenses to the software products and services segment, of approximately $428,000 for the year ended December 31, 2004.

 

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For the periods indicated, the following table presents certain items in our consolidated statements of income by segment:

 

    

YEAR ENDED

DECEMBER 31, 2004


  

YEAR ENDED

DECEMBER 31, 2003


    

Brokerage

Services


  

Software

Products

and

Services


   Eliminations

    Total

  

Brokerage

Services


  

Software

Products

and

Services


   Eliminations

    Total

     (In thousands)    (In thousands)

Revenues:

                                                         

Brokerage revenues

   $ 62,465    $ —      $ —       $ 62,465    $ 50,858    $ —      $ —       $ 50,858

Brokerage interest expense

     739      —        —         739      —        —        —         —  
    

  

  


 

  

  

  


 

Net brokerage revenues

     61,726      —        —         61,726      50,858      —        —         50,858

Subscription fees

     —        24,471      (16,346 )     8,125      —        21,276      (14,242 )     7,034

Other

     254      1,735      —         1,989      219      2,038      —         2,257
    

  

  


 

  

  

  


 

Net revenues

     61,980      26,206      (16,346 )     71,840      51,077      23,314      (14,242 )     60,149
    

  

  


 

  

  

  


 

Operating expenses:

                                                         

Clearing and execution costs

     21,320      —        —         21,320      17,938      —        —         17,938

Data center costs

     17,159      5,156      (16,346 )     5,969      15,205      4,147      (14,242 )     5,110

Technology development

     1,572      5,832      —         7,404      1,403      5,741      —         7,144

Sales and marketing

     11,296      531      —         11,827      9,855      596      —         10,451

General and administrative

     5,788      5,115      —         10,903      4,165      4,613      —         8,778

(Recovery of) provision for insurance claim

     —        —        —         —        —        —        —         —  
    

  

  


 

  

  

  


 

Total operating expenses

     57,135      16,634      (16,346 )     57,423      48,566      15,097      (14,242 )     49,421
    

  

  


 

  

  

  


 

Income from operations

   $ 4,845    $ 9,572    $ —       $ 14,417    $ 2,511    $ 8,217    $ —       $ 10,728
    

  

  


 

  

  

  


 

 

    

YEAR ENDED

DECEMBER 31, 2002


 
    

Brokerage

Services


   

Software

Products

and

Services


    Eliminations

    Total

 
     (In thousands)  

Revenues:

                                

Brokerage revenues

   $ 38,494     $ —       $ —       $ 38,494  

Brokerage interest expense

     —         —         —         —    
    


 


 


 


Net brokerage revenues

     38,494       —         —         38,494  

Subscription fees

     —         16,352       (9,713 )     6,639  

Other

     —         3,258       —         3,258  
    


 


 


 


Net revenues

     38,494       19,610       (9,713 )     48,391  
    


 


 


 


Operating expenses:

                                

Clearing and execution costs

     11,312       —         —         11,312  

Data center costs

     10,534       4,795       (9,713 )     5,616  

Technology development

     644       8,207       —         8,851  

Sales and marketing

     11,179       1,294       —         12,473  

General and administrative

     4,851       5,197       —         10,048  

(Recovery of) provision for insurance claim

     —         (1,250 )     —         (1,250 )
    


 


 


 


Total operating expenses

     38,520       18,243       (9,713 )     47,050  
    


 


 


 


Income (loss) from operations

   $ (26 )   $ 1,367     $ —       $ 1,341  
    


 


 


 


 

 

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

 

Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 1 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report – DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

 

Net Brokerage Revenues. Net brokerage revenues is the key component of our results of operations and are comprised mainly of commission income for securities, futures and forex transactions and, to a lesser extent, monthly platform fees earned from brokerage customers using the TradeStation online trading platform, interest earned and paid from self-clearing operations and interest revenue sharing arrangements with clearing agent firms. Brokerage commission income and related clearing costs are recorded on a trade date basis as transactions occur. Platform fees are recorded on an accrual basis as monthly services are provided. Interest revenue from customer margin debit balances and customer cash balances and interest expense incurred on customer cash balances is recorded on an accrual basis as interest is earned or incurred.

 

Income Taxes. As of December 31, 2004, we had net deferred income tax assets of $3.8 million, which included a valuation allowance of $926,500. In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes, deferred income tax assets should be reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred income tax assets will not be realized. Management evaluates and determines on a periodic basis the amount of the valuation allowance required and adjusts the valuation allowance as needed. In June 2004, we reversed a significant portion of the valuation allowance that was provided on our deferred income tax assets. In the opinion of management, it was more likely than not that these benefits would be realized. This decision was triggered primarily by TradeStation Securities receiving final approval by the DTCC to begin self-clearing for equities, the rollout of TradeStation 8 (which included integrated options execution), as well as eight consecutive quarters of income from operations at the end of the 2004 second quarter. The result of this reversal, as recorded in the 2004 second quarter, was a net income tax benefit of $3.2 million recorded in the consolidated statement of income and a $3.3 million credit to additional paid-in capital (relating to the tax benefit of stock option exercises). The remaining valuation allowance of $926,500 relates to net operating loss carryforwards from a 1999 acquisition. We did not reverse the remaining $926,500 valuation allowance as the acquired net operating loss carryforwards (expiring in 2018 and 2019) are subject to annual usage limitations. The portion which was not reversed represents the last five years of the annual limitation amount due to the inability to estimate taxable income that far into the future. Management will continue to make periodic evaluations of the valuation allowance and will determine periodic adjustments, as required. See “Income Taxes” below, and Note 12 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – INCOME TAXES.

 

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Allowance for Potential Credit Losses. We perform periodic credit evaluations and provide allowances based upon our assessment of specifically identified unsecured receivables and other factors, including the customer’s likelihood to pay and payment history. See Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – SELF-CLEARING OPERATIONS, Note 4 – RECEIVABLES FROM BROKERAGE CUSTOMERS, NET, and Note 17 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES – General Contingencies and Guarantees.

 

Uninsured Loss Reserves. We decided, as of June 1, 2002, to no longer carry errors or omissions insurance that covers third-party claims made by brokerage customers or software subscribers as a result of alleged human or system errors, failures, acts or omissions. This decision was made based upon our assessment of the potential risks and benefits, including significant increases in premium rates, deductibles and coinsurance amounts, reductions in available per occurrence and aggregate coverage amounts, and the unavailability of policies that sufficiently cover the types of risks that relate to our business. Each quarter, we continue to evaluate our accruals for settlements related to claims and potential claims. Estimates of settlements for such potential claims, including related legal fees, are accrued in the consolidated financial statements. The ultimate outcome of such potential claims may be substantially different than our estimates. During 2004, we reversed $569,000 of our accruals related to a third-party claim which had been inactive for over one year (and has remained inactive for an additional year). During 2003, we reduced our accruals by $301,000 as a result of the favorable resolution or reassessment of various claims. See “Brokerage Services Segment – Operating Expenses – General and Administrative” and “Software Products and Services Segment – Operating Expenses – General and Administrative” in both “Years Ended December 31, 2004 and 2003” and “Years Ended December 31, 2003 and 2002.”

 

Sublease of Facilities. During the second quarter of 2002, we completed the consolidation of our Florida operations to one location. Based upon advice from our outside real estate advisors, using market factors available at the time, we estimated the potential losses relating to the sublease of facilities that we would no longer occupy. During the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002, we increased our estimated loss accrual by $70,000 and $733,000, respectively, based on then-current market factors and actual sublease arrangements. Net payments of $192,000, $290,000 and $380,000 were applied against this accrual during 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively, resulting in a balance of $320,000 as of December 31, 2004.

 

Years Ended December 31, 2004 and 2003

 

Overall

 

Net revenues were $71.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2004, as compared to $60.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2003, an increase of $11.7 million, or 19%, due to increases in net brokerage revenues of $10.9 million and subscription fees of $1.1 million, partially offset by a decrease in other revenues of $269,000.

 

Income from operations was $14.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2004, as compared to $10.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2003, an improvement of $3.7 million, or 34%. This improvement was due primarily to higher brokerage revenues, net of related clearing and execution costs, and increased subscription fees, partially offset by a decrease in other revenues and increases in each operating expense category.

 

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Other income, net consists primarily of interest income earned on our cash and cash equivalents offset by interest expense related to capital lease obligations and bank fees, as well as gains or losses on the sale of assets. Other income, net was $396,000 for the year ended December 31, 2004, as compared to $166,000 for the year ended December 31, 2003. The increase of $230,000 was due primarily to an increase in interest income of $75,000 during 2004, lower interest expense during 2004 of $64,000 (the result of fewer capital lease obligations), and a $55,000 loss on the sale of securities investments during 2003.

 

A net income tax provision of $118,000 was recorded during the year ended December 31, 2004 as compared to a net income tax benefit of $731,000 for the year ended December 31, 2003. In 2004, the company’s effective income tax rate of approximately 38% was mostly offset by the reversal of a significant portion of our valuation allowance on our deferred income tax assets. In 2003, the net income tax benefit was associated mainly with income tax refunds. See “Income Taxes” below.

 

Brokerage Services Segment

 

Revenues

 

Net Brokerage Revenues. Net brokerage revenues are comprised mainly of brokerage commission income and fees earned from brokerage customers’ securities, futures and forex transactions and, to a lesser extent, monthly platform fees earned from brokerage customers using the TradeStation electronic trading platform, interest revenue sharing arrangements with the brokerage’s clearing agent firms, and, beginning with the September 2004 commencement of self-clearing of equities trades for our active trader client base, interest revenue earned from customer margin debit balances and customer cash balances less interest expense incurred on customer cash balances. For the year ended December 31, 2004, net brokerage revenues were $61.7 million (which included brokerage commissions of $44.5 million), net of $739,000 of interest expense paid on customer cash balances, as compared to brokerage revenues of $50.9 million (which included brokerage commissions of $40.4 million) for the year ended December 31, 2003. This $10.9 million increase, or 21%, was due primarily to increased trading activity and platform fees related to brokerage customer account growth, partially offset by a decrease in our commission pricing effective November 1, 2003. The industry has been experiencing price pressure and some of our competitors have recently reduced trading commissions and fees. Although we are currently comfortable with our pricing, we continuously review and assess it, and it is possible that our pricing will be refined or adjusted at times during 2005.

 

Other Revenues. Other revenues are comprised primarily of fees for our training workshops that help customers take full advantage of the state-of-the-art features of the TradeStation electronic trading platform. Other revenues were $254,000 for the year ended December 31, 2004, as compared to $219,000 in the prior year, an increase of $35,000, or 16%. This increase was the result of training workshops being offered in all twelve months of 2004, as opposed to not being offered until March during the 2003 period.

 

Operating Expenses

 

Clearing and Execution Costs. Clearing and execution costs are the costs associated with executing and clearing customer trades, including commissions paid to third-party broker-dealers, exchanges and other market centers. Beginning in 2004, clearing and execution costs include new expenses related to our self-clearing operations, primarily personnel and related

 

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expenses, back-office systems, statement and confirmation processing, postage costs and clearing expenses paid to the DTCC. Prior to the September 2004 commencement of self-clearing operations, we incurred incremental and start-up costs of approximately $1.4 million, which were comprised primarily of personnel and related expenses and consulting and travel expenses, for which we received no offsetting cost-savings.

 

Clearing and execution costs were $21.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2004, as compared to $17.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2003, an increase of $3.4 million, or 19%. This increase was due primarily to increased trading activity related to brokerage customer account growth and $1.4 million of incremental and start-up costs related to the period prior to the commencement of self-clearing equities trades. Beginning September 2004, these increases were partially offset by the benefits received from self-clearing equities trades. Also, in the 2003 second quarter, we incurred approximately $400,000 of increased costs for futures clearing imposed by our former futures clearing agent that were not incurred in 2004.

 

Clearing and execution costs, as a percentage of net brokerage revenues were approximately 35% for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003. For the first nine months of 2004 (prior to the first full quarter of self-clearing equities trades), clearing and execution costs as a percentage of net brokerage revenues were 38%, as compared to 35% during 2003, due primarily to the incremental and start-up costs in 2004 related to self-clearing equities trades and brokerage commission price reductions implemented near the end of 2003. While no assurances can be given, assuming we make no decreases in pricing to our customers, we expect to see improvement in clearing and execution costs as a percentage of net brokerage revenues in 2005, as compared to 2004, given that 2005 will not include the impact of the incremental and start up costs for equities self-clearing we incurred in 2004. In 2005, clearing and execution costs may also decrease when TradeStation Securities commences full self-clearing of standardized equity option trades through use of its OCC membership.

 

Data Center Costs. Data center costs are primarily intercompany subscription fees, eliminated upon consolidation, and, to a lesser extent, data communications costs necessary to connect our server farms directly to electronic market places. The intercompany subscription fees are pursuant to one of the intercompany expense allocation agreements, and are paid on a per user basis to the software products and services segment for providing streaming real-time, Internet-based trading analysis software and data services to brokerage customers. See “Technology Development” below. Data center costs were $17.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2004, as compared to $15.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2003, an increase of $2.0 million, or 13%, related primarily to an increase in intercompany subscription fees paid to the software products and services segment, which resulted mainly from an increase in the number of brokerage accounts during 2004 as compared to 2003. See “Software Products and Services Segment – Revenues – Subscription Fees” and “- Operating Expenses—Data Center Costs.

 

Technology Development. Technology development expenses consist primarily of personnel costs associated with product management of the brokerage products and services TradeStation Securities offers to its customers and the creation of documentation and other training and educational materials. Technology development expenses for the year ended December 31, 2004 were $1.6 million, as compared to $1.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2003, an

 

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increase of $169,000, or 12%, due mainly to increased personnel and related costs. Most of the technology costs required for our brokerage firm to offer and operate a highly sophisticated electronic trading platform are borne by its technology affiliate, which licenses that technology to the brokerage firm pursuant to an intercompany agreement. See “Software Products and Services Segment – Operating Expenses—Technology Development.

 

Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of: personnel costs for sales, customer support centers, marketing and order desk, as well as brokers’ commissions; marketing programs, including advertising, brochures, direct mail programs and account opening kits; data and information tools used by sales and brokerage personnel; and Web-site maintenance and administration costs. Sales and marketing expenses were $11.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2004, as compared to $9.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2003, an increase of $1.4 million, or 15%, due primarily to increased advertising and promotional expenses of $1.8 million. Sales and marketing expenses are anticipated to continue to increase in 2005 as we ramp up our advertising and seek to grow our sales force to grow our customer account base.

 

General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of costs for administrative personnel such as executive, human resources, finance, compliance and information technology employees; professional fees; telecommunications; rent; insurance; and other facility expenses. General and administrative expenses were $5.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2004, as compared to $4.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2003, an increase of $1.6 million, or 39%. This increase is due primarily to increases in professional fees of $1.3 million, personnel and related costs of $241,000 and insurance of $218,000, partially offset by decreases in settlement costs of $299,000. Professional fees increased during 2004 as compared to 2003 due to increased legal fees related to ongoing litigation and claims, and increased accounting fees related to the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Higher insurance costs were primarily the result of increased cost of directors’ and officers’ liability insurance. Accounting fees and insurance costs were also impacted by an increased allocation under the intercompany expense allocation agreements. These increases were partially offset by the 2004 first quarter reversal of an uninsured loss provision and related legal fees of $569,000 for a third-party claim which had remained inactive for over one year, versus the 2003 reversal of uninsured loss provisions and related legal fees of $201,000 due to the favorable settlement of two claims.

 

Software Products and Services Segment

 

Revenues

 

Subscription Fees. Subscription fees represent monthly fees earned for providing streaming real-time, Internet-based trading analysis software tools and data services. Subscription fees also include intercompany revenue for licensing to TradeStation Securities pursuant to one of the intercompany expense allocation agreements, on a per user basis, the right to provide these software tools and data services to the brokerage customers of TradeStation Securities (“Intercompany Subscription Fees”). Intercompany Subscription Fees have no effect on the consolidated results. Subscription fees were $24.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2004, as compared to $21.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2003, an increase of $3.2 million, or 15%, due primarily to an increase in Intercompany Subscription Fees resulting from increased brokerage accounts at TradeStation Securities. Excluding Intercompany Subscription

 

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Fees, subscription fees were $8.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2004, as compared to $7.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2003, an increase of $1.1 million, or 16%, as a result of price increases to certain groups of subscribers during September 2003 and May 2004, partially offset by a decrease in the number of subscribers. Subscription services have not been actively marketed since December 2000.

 

Other Revenues. Other revenues consist primarily of royalties and commissions received from third parties whose customers use our legacy software products and, to a lesser extent, licensing fees derived from direct sales of our legacy customer software products and revenues from our annual user conference that highlights strategy testing. Other revenues were $1.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2004, as compared to $2.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2003, a decrease of $303,000, or 15%. This decrease was comprised of decreased royalties and licensing fees totaling $586,000, partially offset by $283,000 of revenue earned from our annual user conference which was not held in 2003. The expected decrease in royalties and licensing fees is the result of no longer marketing legacy customer software since May 2000 and no longer offering legacy customer software products domestically since September 2001. Other revenues are expected to continue to decrease in 2005.

 

Operating Expenses

 

Data Center Costs. Data center costs represent expenses related to the operation, maintenance and support of our data server farms. These expenses consist primarily of rent and data communications costs at our facilities where the data server farms are located, including costs necessary to connect our data server farms directly to electronic marketplaces, depreciation and maintenance of servers, and data distribution and exchange fees. Data center costs for the year ended December 31, 2004 were $5.2 million, as compared to $4.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2003, an increase of $1.0 million, or 24%. The increase is due primarily to increased rent and data communication charges at our facilities of $1.7 million, partially offset by lower data distribution and exchange fees of $658,000. The decrease in data distribution and exchange fees resulted from increased recovery of exchange fees from customer accounts and, beginning during the 2003 fourth quarter, receipt of data directly from exchanges (as opposed to a data vendor who is paid monthly fees), partially offset by incremental costs related to account growth and approximately $208,000 of credits received during 2003 from our data vendor.

 

Technology Development. Technology development expenses include: expenses associated with the development of new products, services and technology; enhancements to existing products, services and technology; and testing of products and services. Technology development expenses consist primarily of personnel costs, depreciation of computer and related equipment, facility expenses and telecommunications costs. TradeStation Technologies owns all intellectual property rights relating to our businesses, including, but not limited to, all order execution technology. Technology development expenses were $5.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2004 and $5.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2003, an increase of $100,000, or 2%.

 

Sales and Marketing. We no longer actively market software products and services, the focus of our business being online brokerage services for active and institutional traders. Sales and marketing expenses consisted primarily of personnel costs and, to a lesser extent, facility costs. Sales and marketing expenses were $531,000 for the year ended December 31, 2004, as compared to $596,000 for the year ended December 31, 2003, a decrease of $65,000, or 11%.

 

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Sales and marketing expenses are expected to be less in 2005 due primarily to the transfer of substantially all of the customer support team from the software products and services segment to the brokerage services segment in April 2004.

 

General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of costs for administrative personnel, such as: executive, human resources, finance and information technology employees; professional fees; telecommunications; rent; other facility expenses; amortization of intangible assets; and insurance. General and administrative expenses were $5.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2004, as compared to $4.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2003, an increase of $502,000, or 11%. This increase was due primarily to increased professional fees of $442,000 (related to increased legal fees for ongoing litigation and claims and increased accounting fees related to the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002), increased personnel and related costs of $467,000 and a higher provision for settlement costs of $130,000. These increases were partially offset by a favorable adjustment of $251,000 resulting from a prior years’ sales tax audit and decreased telecommunication costs of $292,000.

 

Years Ended December 31, 2003 and 2002

 

Overall

 

Total revenues were $60.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2003, as compared to $48.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2002, an increase of $11.7 million, or 24%, due primarily to an increase in brokerage revenues of $12.4 million, slightly offset by a decrease in other revenues (which relate primarily to our legacy software business, which is no longer an active focus).

 

Income from operations was $10.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2003, as compared to $1.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2002, an improvement of $9.4 million, or 700%. This improvement was due primarily to higher brokerage revenues, net of related clearing and execution costs, and decreases in all other operating expense categories. The increase in income from operations was partially offset by a $1.25 million recovery of an insurance claim in the 2002 third quarter which reduced operating expenses for that period, as well as a decrease in other revenues in 2003.

 

Other income, net was $165,000 for the year ended December 31, 2003, as compared to $427,000 for the year ended December 31, 2002. The decrease of $262,000 was due primarily to a 2002 gain of $287,500 recorded on the sale of legacy customer accounts, a 2003 loss of $55,000 on the sale of investments in corporate stock, and a decrease in interest income of $38,000 as a result of lower interest rates, partially offset by a decrease in interest expense of $146,000 as a result of fewer capital lease obligations.

 

Income tax benefit, net of expense, of $731,000 was recorded during the year ended December 31, 2003. See “Income Taxes” below.

 

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Brokerage Services Segment

 

Revenues

 

Net Brokerage Revenues. For the year ended December 31, 2003, net brokerage revenues were $50.9 million (which included brokerage commissions and fees of $40.4 million), as compared to brokerage revenues of $38.5 million (which included brokerage commissions and fees of $34.4 million) for the year ended December 31, 2002. This $12.4 million increase, or 32%, was due primarily to brokerage customer account growth.

 

Other Revenues. Other revenues were $219,000 for the year ended December 31, 2003. There were no other revenues for the year ended December 31, 2002.

 

Operating Expenses

 

Clearing and Execution Costs. Clearing and execution costs were $17.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2003, as compared to $11.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2002, an increase of $6.6 million, or 59%, due primarily to increased trading activity related to brokerage customer account growth and, to a lesser extent, an increase in futures clearing costs during the 2003 second quarter prior to our May 2003 change in futures clearing agents.

 

Clearing and execution costs, as a percentage of brokerage revenues, increased to 35% for the year ended December 31, 2003, as compared to 29% for the year ended December 31, 2002 due primarily to: (i) the lower gross margins that resulted from our equities per share pricing structure first offered in the second quarter of 2002; (ii) overall price reductions; and (iii) increased costs for futures clearing, during the second quarter of 2003, imposed by our former futures clearing agent.

 

Data Center Costs. Data center costs were $15.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2003, as compared to $10.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2002, an increase of $4.7 million, or 44%, due primarily to the increased number of brokerage accounts during 2003 as compared to 2002, partially offset by a 17% decrease in the per account Intercompany Subscription Fee charged by TradeStation Technologies to TradeStation Securities during 2003. See “Software Products and Services Segment – Revenues – Subscription Fees” and “- Operating Expenses—Data Center Costs.

 

Technology Development. Technology development expenses for the year ended December 31, 2003 were $1.4 million, as compared to $644,000 for the year ended December 31, 2002, an increase of $759,000, or 118%, due mainly to increased personnel and related costs as a result of the transfer to the brokerage services segment of seven positions from the software products and services segment at the beginning of the 2002 fourth quarter. Most of the technology costs required for our brokerage firm to offer and operate a highly sophisticated electronic trading platform are borne by its technology affiliate, which licenses that technology to the brokerage firm pursuant to an intercompany agreement. See “Software Products and Services Segment – Operating Expenses—Technology Development.

 

Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expenses were $9.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2003, as compared to $11.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2002, a decrease of $1.3 million, or 12%, due primarily to decreased advertising and promotional costs.

 

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General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses were $4.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2003, as compared to $4.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2002, a decrease of $686,000, or 14%. This decrease is due primarily to a decrease in facility costs of $522,000 (related primarily to the estimated loss on the sublease of facilities recorded during 2002), and the 2003 reversal of certain uninsured loss provisions including related legal fees in the amount of $201,000 due to the favorable settlement of certain claims, partially offset by increased communications costs of $148,000. See “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates – Sublease of Facilities” and “– Uninsured Loss Reserves.

 

Software Products and Services Segment

 

Revenues

 

Subscription Fees. Subscription fees were $21.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2003, as compared to $16.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2002, an increase of $4.9 million, or 30%, due primarily to a $4.5 million increase in Intercompany Subscription Fees which resulted from increased brokerage accounts at TradeStation Securities, partially offset by a decrease in the per account Intercompany Subscription Fee charged by TradeStation Technologies to TradeStation Securities during 2003. Excluding Intercompany Subscription Fees, subscription fees were $7.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2003, as compared to $6.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2002, an increase of $395,000, or 6%, as a result of a change to higher-priced subscription offerings during 2003, partially offset by a decrease in the number of subscribers. Subscription services have not been actively marketed since December 2000.

 

Other Revenues. Other revenues were $2.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2003, as compared to $3.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2002, a decrease of $1.2 million, or 37%. This expected decrease is the result of no longer marketing legacy customer software since May 2000 and no longer offering legacy customer software products domestically since September 2001.

 

Operating Expenses

 

Data Center Costs. Data center costs for the year ended December 31, 2003 were $4.1 million, as compared to $4.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2002, a decrease of $648,000, or 14%. The decrease is due primarily to lower data distribution and exchange fees of $448,000, and lower server costs of $240,000, partially offset by increased rent and data communication charges at our data center facilities of $40,000. The decrease in data distribution and exchange fees resulted from approximately $208,000 of credits received from data providers, increased recovery of exchange fees from customer accounts and, beginning during the 2003 fourth quarter, receipt of data directly from exchanges, partially offset by incremental costs related to account growth.

 

Technology Development. Technology development expenses were $5.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2003, as compared to $8.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2002, a decrease of approximately $2.5 million, or 30%, due primarily to decreased personnel and related costs of $2.0 million (due to fewer employees in 2003 as compared to 2002, including ten terminations and the transfer of seven positions to the brokerage segment at the beginning of the 2002 fourth quarter) and, to a lesser extent, decreased facility costs of $253,000 related to the June 2002 consolidation of our facilities and decreased communications costs of $171,000.

 

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Sales and Marketing. We no longer actively market software products and services, the focus of our business being to continue to build an online brokerage firm for active and institutional traders. During 2003, sales and marketing expenses consisted primarily of personnel costs for customer support centers and facility costs. In prior years, sales and marketing expenses consisted primarily of marketing programs, including advertising, brochures, and direct mail programs; sales commissions; personnel costs for marketing and customer support centers; Web site maintenance and administration costs; and inventory and handling costs. Sales and marketing expenses were $596,000 for the year ended December 31, 2003, as compared to $1.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2002, a decrease of $698,000, or 54%, due primarily to a decrease in personnel and related costs of $460,000, a favorable resolution of an event cancellation dispute during 2003 which resulted in a reduction of expenses of $112,000, and a decrease in technical support costs of $133,000.

 

General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses were $4.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2003, as compared to $5.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2002, a decrease of $584,000, or 11%. This decrease was due primarily to decreased amortization of intangible assets of $689,000 (fully amortized in October 2002), decreased personnel and related costs of $123,000 and the 2003 reversal of uninsured loss provisions in the amount of $100,000 due to the reassessment of certain potential claims, partially offset by increased facility costs of $192,000 and increased consulting and professional fees of $122,000.

 

(Recovery of) Provision for Insurance Claim. In June 2001, we made a claim of $2.7 million with our insurance carrier relating to a trading error made with respect to a customer’s account. As of the 2001 year end, the insurance company had formally denied this claim and, accordingly, the receivable that had been recorded in our consolidated balance sheet was fully reserved. On July 25, 2002, we entered into an agreement with the insurance company to settle this claim for $1.25 million, payment of which was received in August 2002. Accordingly, during the third quarter of 2002, we recorded a recovery of $1.25 million.

 

Income Taxes

 

During the year ended December 31, 2004, we recorded an income tax provision, net of benefits, of $118,000. In 2004, the company’s effective income tax rate of approximately 38% was primarily offset by the reversal of a significant portion of our valuation allowance on our deferred income tax assets. In June 2004, we reversed a significant portion of the valuation allowance that was provided on our deferred income tax assets. In the opinion of management, it was more likely than not that these benefits would be realized. In accordance with SFAS No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes, deferred income tax assets should be reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred income tax assets will not be realized. Management evaluates and determines, on a periodic basis, the amount of the valuation allowance required and adjusts the valuation allowance, as needed. The decision to reverse a significant portion of the valuation allowance was triggered primarily by TradeStation Securities receiving final approval by the DTCC to begin self-clearing for equities, the rollout of TradeStation 8 (which includes integrated options execution), as well as eight consecutive quarters of income from operations. In the 2004 second quarter, the result of this reversal was a net tax benefit of $3.2 million recorded in the consolidated statement of income and a $3.3 million credit to additional paid-in capital (relating to the tax benefit of stock option exercises). As of December 31, 2004, we had net deferred income tax assets of $3.8 million, which included a valuation allowance of $926,500, pertaining to net operating loss carryforwards from a 1999

 

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acquisition. We did not reverse the remaining valuation allowance as the acquired net operating loss carryforwards (expiring in 2018 and 2019) are subject to annual usage limitations. The portion which was not reversed represents the last five years of the annual limitation amount due to the inability to estimate taxable income that far into the future. Management will continue to make periodic evaluations of the valuation allowance and will determine periodic adjustments, as required.

 

As of December 31, 2004, for federal income tax purposes, we had available total net operating loss carryforwards and income tax credit carryforwards of approximately $6.1 million and $983,000, respectively (expiring between 2018 and 2024). These amounts include $3.6 million of net operating loss carryforwards and $124,000 of income tax credits (expiring between 2010 and 2019) that relate to a 1999 acquisition, and are subject to annual usage limitations of approximately $545,000. These limitations are cumulative to the extent they are not utilized in any year. Additionally, the company has available approximately $242,000 of corporate income tax credits for current year minimum federal income tax liability, which can be carried forward indefinitely. For Florida state income tax purposes, the company has available net operating loss carryforwards estimated at $14.4 million (expiring in 2020 through 2023).

 

During the year ended December 31, 2003, we recorded a net income tax benefit of $731,000 consisting of refunds related to prior year federal income tax returns (see below), and state income tax refunds received during 2003 for the overpayment of a prior year’s income tax, partially offset by an increase to the valuation allowance established for the estimated amount due under the 2003 alternative minimum tax calculation. Other than the increase to the valuation allowance for the estimated amount due under the 2003 alternative minimum tax calculation, the income tax expense associated with net operating income generated during the year ended December 31, 2003 was totally offset by a reduction to the previously established valuation allowance, including the net operating loss carryforwards.

 

In February 2003, in connection with an Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) audit of a prior year’s federal income tax return, we learned that we were entitled to a $72,000 refund related to research and development tax credits. We recorded that benefit in the 2003 first quarter. Also in conjunction with the IRS audit, in late April 2003 we were advised that we were due a refund relating to our 1997 federal income taxes paid. Accordingly, during the 2003 second quarter, we recorded a benefit of approximately $802,000. The full amount of the income tax receivable and related interest thereon was received during October 2003.

 

During the year ended December 31, 2002, the income tax expense associated with net operating income generated during the year was offset by a reduction to the previously established valuation allowance, and taxes were only provided for certain state and local income taxes where our net operating loss carryforwards could not be utilized, resulting in a tax provision of $4,000.

 

See Note 12 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – INCOME TAXES.

 

Variability of Results

 

The operating results for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of results for any future period or for the full year. Our quarterly revenues and operating results have varied in the past,

 

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and are likely to vary in the future. Such fluctuations are likely to result in volatility in the price of our common stock. See Issues, Uncertainties and Risk Factors below and Note 19 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – UNAUDITED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION.

 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

As of December 31, 2004, we had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $32.1 million, of which $1.9 million was restricted, supporting a facility lease. See Note 17 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES – Restricted Cash.

 

As of December 31, 2004, TradeStation Securities had: $347.1 million of cash segregated in compliance with federal regulations, in special reserve bank accounts for the exclusive benefit of customers under Rule 15c3-3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and other regulations; net receivables from brokerage customers of $57.0 million; and receivables from brokers, dealers, clearing organizations and clearing agents of $19.4 million. Client margin loans are demand loan obligations secured in part by cash and/or readily marketable securities. Receivables from and payables to brokers, dealers, clearing organizations and clearing agents primarily represent current open transactions, which usually settle, or can be closed out, within a few business days.

 

Liquidity needs relating to client trading and margin borrowing activities are met primarily through cash balances in brokerage client accounts, which were $420.7 million at December 31, 2004. Management believes that brokerage cash balances and operating earnings will continue to be the primary source of liquidity for TradeStation Securities in the future.

 

TradeStation Securities is subject to the net capital requirements of the SEC’s Uniform Net Capital Rule (Rule 15c3-1) and the CFTC’s financial requirement (Regulation 1.17). In September 2004, upon commencement of self-clearing of equities trades, TradeStation Securities changed its calculation of net capital requirements to the “alternative method,” which requires the maintenance of minimum net capital, as defined by the rules, equal to the greater of (i) $250,000 and (ii) 2.0% of aggregate customer debit balances. Customer debit items are a function of customer margin receivables and may fluctuate significantly, resulting in a significant fluctuation in our net capital requirements. At December 31, 2004, TradeStation Securities had net capital of approximately $23.6 million (27.0% of aggregate debit items), which was approximately $21.8 million in excess of its required net capital of approximately $1.7 million.

 

In addition to net capital requirements, as a self-clearing broker-dealer, TradeStation Securities is subject to DTCC, OCC, clearing agent and other cash deposit requirements which are and may continue to be large in relation to TradeStation Group’s total liquid assets, and which may fluctuate significantly from time to time based upon the nature and size of TradeStation Securities’ active trader clients’ securities trading activity. As of December 31, 2004, we had interest-bearing security deposits totaling $14.5 million with clearing organizations and clearing agents for the self-clearing of stock trades and the omnibus clearing of standardized equity option trades. Now that TradeStation Securities’ membership application with the OCC has been approved (approval was given March 7, 2005), additional fluctuations and adjustments in cash deposits are expected.

 

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A summary of our long-term debt obligations, capital lease obligations (net of interest and sales tax), operating lease obligations (net of subleases), and minimum purchase obligations (related to back-office systems, telecommunications services and advertising) as of December 31, 2004 is as follows:

 

     Payments Due By Period

Contractual Obligations


   Total

  

Less Than

1 Year


  

1 - 3

Years


  

4-5

Years


  

More than

5 Years


Long-term debt obligations

   $ —      $ —      $ —      $ —      $ —  

Capital lease obligations

     7,520      7,520      —        —        —  

Operating lease obligations

     15,865,893      2,537,249      6,110,746      3,875,325      3,342,573

Purchase obligations

     3,431,180      1,903,003      1,528,177      —        —  
    

  

  

  

  

Total

   $ 19,304,593    $ 4,447,772    $ 7,638,923    $ 3,875,325    $ 3,342,573
    

  

  

  

  

 

In addition to the purchase obligations set forth in the table above, we currently anticipate, in connection with the expected growth of our brokerage business, capital expenditures of up to $2.0 million in 2005 (primarily for the purchase of computer hardware and software to support the growth of our data server farms and other operations). These expenditures are expected to be funded through operating cash flows, capital leases, or a combination of the two.

 

We anticipate that our available cash resources and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our presently anticipated working capital and capital expenditure requirements through at least the next twelve months.

 

Cash provided by operating activities totaled approximately $515,000, $13.3 million and $4.8 million during the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003, and 2002, respectively. Net cash provided by operating activities was due primarily to net income, as adjusted for non-cash items, including the reversal of the valuation allowance associated with deferred income tax assets, partially offset by net cash outflows associated with the commencement of self-clearing operations during September 2004 including $14.5 million of deposits paid to clearing organizations. Net cash provided by operating activities during 2003 was due primarily to net income, as adjusted for non-cash items, partially offset by an increase in accrued expenses. Net cash provided by operating activities during 2002 was due primarily to net income (including $1.25 million received in an insurance settlement), as adjusted for non-cash items, and an increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses, partially offset by an increase in receivables from clearing organizations.

 

Investing activities provided cash of $450,000 during the year ended December 31, 2004 due to $2.0 million of proceeds from the maturity of marketable securities and a decrease in restricted cash of $239,000, partially offset by capital expenditures of $1.4 million (mostly computer hardware and software for our data server farms and our back-office systems to support the growth of our business) and the acquisition of exchange membership seats of $415,000. Investing activities used cash of $2.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2003 mainly for the purchase of marketable securities of $2.0 million and capital expenditures of $1.3 million, (mostly computer hardware and software to support the growth of our business operations), partially offset by a decrease in restricted cash of $927,000. During the year ended December 31, 2002, net cash provided by investing activities of $19,000 was due primarily from cash

 

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proceeds of $1.0 million from the sale of legacy brokerage customers, a decrease in restricted cash of $540,000, proceeds from maturity of marketable securities of $315,000, partially offset by capital expenditures of $1.7 million and the acquisition of data rights for $100,000.

 

Financing activities provided cash of $900,000 and $4.5 million during the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively, and used cash of $8.2 million during 2002. Proceeds from the issuance of common stock related to the exercise of stock options from our incentive stock plans, and purchases under our employee stock purchase plan, provided cash of $1.1 million, $4.8 million and $43,000 during 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.

 

In connection with the initial public offering of the predecessor to TradeStation Securities, warrants to purchase up to 225,000 shares of that predecessor company’s common stock, at an exercise price of $11.55, were granted to the underwriters, with an expiration date of June 9, 2004. We assumed such warrants in connection with the merger between TradeStation Technologies and TradeStation Securities, and, based on the 1.7172 to 1 merger conversion ratio, the underwriters were granted rights to purchase up to 386,369 shares of the company’s common stock at an exercise price of $6.73. In July 2003, we filed a registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission to register the warrants and the 386,369 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of such warrants, which was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 13, 2003. During the second half of 2003, we issued 196,807 shares of common stock associated with the exercise of warrants in exchange for net cash proceeds of $914,000 and the delivery and cancellation of 123,027 warrants. During 2004, we issued 1,851 shares of common stock associated with the exercise of warrants in exchange for the delivery and cancellation of 4,108 warrants. All unexercised warrants expired in June 2004.

 

During 2002, net cash used in financing activities was primarily $6.9 million of cash paid for the purchase and retirement of 5 million shares of our common stock. In July 2002, we announced a stock repurchase program authorizing, at the discretion of management, the use of available cash to purchase from time to time up to 4 million shares of our common stock in the open market or through privately-negotiated transactions. Through October 2002, we had purchased and retired all 4 million shares at prices ranging from $1.35 to $1.40 per share, for a total purchase price of $5.5 million. This included two private transactions with a former principal shareholder of onlinetradinginc.com corp. for the purchase of 1.5 million shares at a price of $1.35 per share and 2.4 million shares at a price of $1.40 per share. In November 2002, we purchased and retired an additional one million shares at a price of $1.35 per share in a private transaction with another former principal shareholder of onlinetradinginc.com corp., bringing the total shares of common stock purchased and retired for the year to 5 million, for a total purchase price of $6.9 million. During the third quarter of 2003, those former principal shareholders of onlinetradinginc.com corp. filed lawsuits seeking rescission of the share purchases and/or compensatory damages, plus interest, costs and attorneys’ fees. We believe all of the allegations are baseless. See Note 17 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES - Litigation and Claims for further discussion.

 

Repayments of capital lease obligations were $186,000, $1.2 million and $1.4 million during 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.

 

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Off-Balance-Sheet Arrangements

 

In the ordinary course of business, there are certain contingencies which are not reflected in the consolidated financial statements. These activities may expose the company to off-balance-sheet credit risk in the event the customers are unable to fulfill their contractual obligations.

 

Nearly all TradeStation Securities customer accounts are margin accounts. In margin transactions, TradeStation Securities may be obligated for credit extended to its customers by its clearing agents that are collateralized by cash and securities in the customers’ accounts with those clearing agents. In connection with securities activities, TradeStation Securities also executes customer transactions involving the sale of securities not yet purchased (“short sales”), all of which are transacted on a margin basis subject to federal, self-regulatory organization and individual exchange regulations and TradeStation Securities’ and its clearing agents’ internal policies. Additionally, TradeStation Securities may be obligated for credit extended to its customers by its clearing agents for futures transactions that are collateralized by cash and futures positions in the customers’ accounts with those clearing agents. In all cases, such transactions may expose TradeStation Securities to significant off-balance-sheet credit risk in the event customer collateral is not sufficient to fully cover losses that customers may incur. In the event customers fail to satisfy their obligations, TradeStation Securities may be required to purchase or sell financial instruments at prevailing market prices to fulfill the customers’ obligations.

 

TradeStation Securities seeks to control the risks associated with its customers’ activities by requiring customers to maintain collateral in their margin accounts in compliance with various regulatory requirements, internal requirements, and the requirements of clearing agents. TradeStation Securities and its clearing agents monitor required margin levels on an intra-day basis and, pursuant to such guidelines, require the customers to deposit additional collateral or to reduce positions when necessary.

 

TradeStation Securities provides guarantees to its clearing organization and exchanges under their standard membership agreements, which require members to guarantee the performance of other members. Under the agreements, if another member becomes unable to satisfy its obligations to the clearing organization and exchanges, other members would be required to meet shortfalls. TradeStation Securities’ liability under these arrangements is not quantifiable and may exceed the cash and securities it has posted as collateral. However, the possibility of the company being required to make payments under these arrangements is remote. Accordingly, no liability has been recorded for these potential events.

 

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

 

In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment (“SFAS 123(R)”), which is a revision of SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation. SFAS 123(R) supersedes APB Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees, and amends SFAS No. 95, Statement of Cash Flows. SFAS 123(R) requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized in the income statement based on their fair values. Pro forma disclosure is no longer an alternative. SFAS 123(R) must be adopted no later than July 1, 2005. Early adoption will be permitted in periods in which financial statements have not yet been

 

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issued. We expect to adopt SFAS 123(R) on July 1, 2005, but we have not yet determined if we will use the modified prospective method or one of the modified-retrospective methods. As permitted by SFAS 123, the company currently accounts for share-based payments to employees using the intrinsic value method in accordance with the recognition and measurement principles of APB Opinion No. 25, and, as such, generally recognizes no compensation cost for employee stock options, as options granted under the company’s plans have an exercise price equal to the fair value of the underlying common stock on the date of grant. Accordingly, the adoption of SFAS 123(R)’s fair value method may have a significant impact on our result of operations, although it will have no impact on our overall financial position. The impact of adoption of SFAS 123(R) cannot be predicted at this time because it will depend on levels of share-based payments granted in the future. However, had we adopted SFAS 123(R) in prior periods, the impact of that standard would have approximated the impact of SFAS 123 as described in the disclosure of pro forma net income and earnings per share in Note 1 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES - Stock-Based Compensation. SFAS 123(R) also requires the benefits of tax deductions in excess of recognized compensation cost to be reported as a financing cash flow, rather than as an operating cash flow as required under current literature. This requirement will reduce net operating cash flows and increase net financing cash flows in periods after adoption. While the company cannot estimate what those amounts will be in the future (because they depend on, among other things, when employees exercise stock options), the amount of operating cash flows recognized in 2004 for such excess tax deductions was $3.8 million. In 2003 and 2002, we had a full valuation allowance on our deferred income tax assets and, therefore, no amount was recognized for such excess tax deductions, if any.

 

Issues, Uncertainties and Risk Factors

 

The Consolidated Financial Statements and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, and the “BUSINESS” section of this report, should be read and evaluated together with the issues, uncertainties and risk factors relating to our business described below. While we have been and continue to be confident in our business and business prospects, we believe it is very important that anyone who reads this report consider these issues, uncertainties and risk factors, which include business risks relevant both to our industry and to us in particular. These issues, uncertainties and risk factors are not intended to be exclusive. Issues, uncertainties and risk factors are also included in other sections of this report when specifically relevant to a statement we have made about an aspect of our business, or our financial condition or results of operations.

 

This report also contains statements that are forward-looking within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. These forward-looking statements are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. When used in this report, the words “anticipate(s),” “anticipated,” “anticipation,” “assume(s),” “assumption(s),” “become(s),” “belief(s),” “believe(s),” “believed,” “could,” “designed,” “estimate,” “estimates,” “estimated,” “expect(s),” “expected,” “expectation(s),” “going forward,” “future,” “hopeful,” “hope(s),” “intend(s),” “intended,” “look forward,” “may,” “opportunity,” “opportunities,” “outlook(s),” “pending,” “plan(s),” “planned,” “potential,” “scheduled,” “shall,” “should,” “think(s),” “to be,” “upcoming,” “well-positioned,” “will,” “would,” and similar expressions, if and to the extent used, are intended to identify the forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements

 

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are based on current expectations and beliefs concerning future events that are subject to risks and uncertainties, including the risks and uncertainties described below and elsewhere in this report. Actual results may differ materially from the results suggested in this report. Factors that may cause or contribute to such differences, and our business risks and uncertainties generally, include, but are not limited to, the items described below, as well as those described in other sections of this report, our other public filings and our press releases.

 

There Are Several Factors That May Cause Fluctuations In Our Quarterly Operating Results, Which Could Result In Significant Volatility In Our Stock Price

 

Quarterly revenues and operating results of TradeStation Group and its predecessor companies have fluctuated significantly in the past, and our quarterly revenues and operating results are likely to fluctuate in the future. Causes of such significant fluctuations may include, but are not limited to:

 

    general economic and market factors that affect active trading, including trade volume, market volatility, market direction or trends, the level of confidence and trust in the markets, and seasonality (summer months and holiday seasons typically being slower periods);

 

    market or competitive pressure to lower commissions and fees charged to customers (both E*Trade and Schwab reduced their online brokerage commissions in the 2005 first quarter) or to reduce or eliminate monthly platform fees paid by brokerage customers;

 

    the quality and success of, and potential continuous changes in, sales or marketing strategies (which continue to evolve), including the effect of our recent decision to increase materially advertising and marketing expenditures to try to help grow revenues and market share, and the timing of those marketing campaigns;

 

    the negative effect on revenues that would result if our active trader clients who engage in short selling (a large component of our trade activity) become unsatisfied with the short sale borrowing inventory we provide now that we no longer have access to Bear Stearns’ short sale borrowing inventory and in light of new SEC regulations that make it more difficult for us to offer such inventory;

 

    the collectibility of an unsecured customer account receivable which, as of February 28, 2005, was approximately $207,000 (plus accrued interest thereon), and future unsecured accounts receivable that may arise;

 

    the timing, success, volatility and other characteristics or effects that develop concerning our new forex and online options trade execution services, and our planned forex service enhancements, including customer acceptance and size of market;

 

    costs, material shifts in cash requirements and/or adverse financial consequences that may occur with respect to clearing organization, clearing agent and/or exchange requirements, or regulatory issues, including exchange, clearing agent or clearing organization cash deposit requirements, reserve and settlement requirements and other financial requirements;

 

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    pending or potential third-party claims that turn out to be significantly more costly, in terms of both judgment or settlement amounts and legal expenses (or the refusal or failure of our insurer to make payments), than we currently estimate or expect, including, but not necessarily limited to, the three claims filed in 2003 by the co-founders of the predecessor company to TradeStation Securities against the company, certain of its executive officers and directors and certain family partnerships owned by two of the executive officers (which seek, in the aggregate, tens of millions of dollars in damages), and pending NASD arbitrations concerning brokerage customer claims seeking, in the aggregate, tens of millions of dollars of actual and punitive damages;

 

    variations from our expectations with respect to hiring and retention of personnel, sales and marketing expenditures, product development, customer account growth, customer trading activity and the share volume of their trades, or other revenue or expense items;

 

    if revenues are lower than budgeted expectations (as a result of lower-than-expected share volume, brokerage accounts, assets per equity account, daily average trades or other reasons), the negative effects of such lower revenues to our bottom line, including our inability to make in a timely fashion commensurate expense reductions (as a large amount of our expenses do not vary with revenues in the short term);

 

    the effect of recent enhancements to the TradeStation electronic trading platform, including the possibility of less-than-anticipated appeal to customers and unexpected technical issues or difficulties;

 

    changes in demand for our products and services due to the rapid pace at which new technology is offered to customers in our industry;

 

    the size and frequency of any trading errors for which we may ultimately suffer the economic burden, in whole or in part (including losses from third-party claims that may arise from time to time – as of June 1, 2002, we have not carried errors or omissions insurance for third party claims); and

 

    the appeal of our products and services to the institutional trader market (given our limited experience selling to that market), and the cost of technology development and sales, marketing, compliance, technical, administrative and other infrastructure that may be required to improve our chance of success in the institutional trader market.

 

Conditions In The Securities And Financial Markets May Affect Our Rates Of Customer Acquisition, Retention And Trading Activity

 

Our products and services are, and will continue to be, designed for customers who trade actively in the securities and financial markets. To the extent that interest in active trading decreases due to low trading volumes, lack of volatility, or significant downward movement in the securities or financial markets, or future tax law changes, recessions, depressions, wars, terrorism (including “cyberterrorism”), or otherwise, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could be materially, adversely affected. Unfavorable market conditions have, historically, seemed to severely negatively impact the share price of publicly-held online brokerage firms, and also usually result in more losses for our customers, which could result in increases in quantity and size of errors or omissions or other claims that may be made against us by customers. We do not currently carry any errors or omissions insurance that might cover, in part, some of those potential claims. See “The Nature Of Our Business Results In Potential Liability To Customers” below.

 

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We May Not Benefit As Much As We Think We Will From Self-Clearing Equity Trades For Active Trader Accounts

 

Self-clearing operations for our active trader equities accounts began in September 2004. Prior to the September conversion of clearing services, all of our customers’ equities trades were cleared through Bear Stearns, as our clearing agent, which also provided to our active trader clients its short sale borrowing inventory. Now that we have commenced self-clearing, we do so with no prior experience, and the cost savings and efficiencies of self-clearing may be less favorable than we expect as a result of unanticipated increased fixed, infrastructure or incremental costs, mistakes or other factors. Also, such anticipated savings may be more than offset by account losses or reduced trading activity if we experience difficulties in providing to our clients sufficient short sale borrowing inventory or if any self-clearing mistakes or failures occur which undermine our customers’ or prospects’ confidence in our ability to conduct reliable self-clearing operations. Also, our self-clearing back-office operations rely on the Phase3 self-clearing software licensed to us by SunGard Financial Systems, and our business would likely suffer substantial harm if that software fails, fails to be adequately supported by SunGard, or otherwise causes unintended results. Further, errors made by us related to the confirmation, receipt, settlement and delivery functions involved in securities transactions, the custody and control of client securities and other assets, or otherwise relating to the handling of our clients’ securities and funds, could lead to civil penalties and increased deposit and other requirements by governmental and self-regulatory organizations, as well as losses and liability in lawsuits relating to client accounts affected by such errors.

 

We Are Exposed to Credit Risk

 

We make margin loans to clients collateralized by client securities, and borrow securities to cover trades. In fact, nearly all of our clients’ accounts are margin, as opposed to cash, brokerage accounts. A portion of our net revenues is derived from interest on margin loans. To the extent that these margin loans exceed client cash balances maintained with us, we must obtain financing from third parties. We may not be able to obtain this financing on favorable terms or in sufficient amounts. By permitting clients to purchase securities on margin, we are subject to risks inherent in extending credit, especially during periods of rapidly declining markets in which the value of the collateral substantially decreases in proportion to the amount of a client’s indebtedness. As of February 28, 2005, we are carrying approximately $207,000 of an unsecured account debit (plus accrued interest thereon) that resulted from large losses in one client’s account that occurred in September 2004 as a result of a sudden, large adverse price movement to a concentrated securities position being maintained by that client. While we have implemented additional risk-management procedures designed to reduce this risk, there can be no assurance that we will not experience periodic or frequent unsecured account debits that materially and adversely affect our results of operations. In addition, in accordance with regulatory guidelines, we collateralize borrowings of securities by depositing cash or securities with lenders. Sharp changes in market values of substantial amounts of securities and the failure by parties to the borrowing transactions to honor their commitments could have a material, adverse effect on our revenues and profitability.

 

 

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Our Industry Is Intensely Competitive, Which Makes It Difficult To Attract And Retain Customers

 

The markets for online brokerage services, trading software tools, and real-time market data services are intensely competitive and rapidly evolving, and there has been substantial consolidation of those three products and services in the industry, as well as consolidation of the types of financial instruments (equities, equities options, futures, forex) offered by firms. There has also been consolidation of online brokerage firms generally. We believe that competition from large online and other large brokerage firms and smaller brokerage firms focused on active traders, as well as consolidation, will substantially increase and intensify in the future. Competition may be further intensified by the size of the active trader market, which is generally thought to be comprised of less than 10% of all online brokerage accounts. We believe our ability to compete will depend upon many factors both within and outside our control. Factors outside of our control include: price pressure (both on transactional commissions and monthly platform fees); the timing and market acceptance of new products and services and enhancements developed by our competitors (including strategy back-testing and automation capabilities); market conditions, such as recession; the size of the active trader market today and in the future; the extent to which institutional traders are willing to use direct-access brokerage services from firms that have traditionally served mostly retail customers; data availability and cost; and third-party clearing costs. Factors over which we have more control, but which are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties with respect to our ability to effectively compete, include: timing and market acceptance of new products and services and enhancements we develop; our ability to design, improve and support materially error-free Internet-based systems; ease-of-use of our products and services; reliability of our products and services; pricing decisions; the ability and resources to provide sufficient short sale inventory; self-clearing costs; and sales and other marketing decisions and efforts.

 

Systems Failures May Result In Our Inability To Deliver Accurately, On Time, Or At All, Important And Time-Sensitive Services To Our Customers

 

The online electronic trading platform we provide to our customers is based upon the integration of our sophisticated front-end software technology with our equally-sophisticated, Internet-based server farm technology. Our server farm technology is the foundation upon which online trading customers receive real-time market data and place buy and sell orders. However, in order for this technology to provide a live, real-time trading platform, it requires integration with real-time market data, which are currently provided directly by the exchanges or by systems of independent third-party market data vendors (who obtain the data directly from the exchanges), the electronic order book systems of electronic communication networks (“ECNs”) and electronic systems offered by the exchanges, the clearing and back-office systems we license from SunGard for self-clearing and of the clearing agents we use for trades that we do not self-clear, and the forex deal order placement, settlement and back-office systems of or licensed to the forex dealer firm which is responsible for all of our customer’s forex trades. Accordingly, our ability to offer a platform that enables the development, testing and automation of trading strategies and the placement, execution, clearing and settlement of buy and sell orders depends heavily on the effectiveness, integrity, reliability and consistent performance of all of these systems and technologies. In particular, the stress that is placed on these systems during peak trading times could cause one or more of these systems to operate too slowly or fail. We have experienced several delays and outages since we launched our online trading platform, many of which related to data vendor, clearing agent, exchange and ECN outages or issues which are beyond our control. Also, a hardware or software failure (a hardware failure caused a 30-minute

 

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post-market-open outage in October 2004), software design limitations or errors that exist in our and others’ technologies, power or telecommunications interruption or natural disaster could cause a systems failure or other potentially damaging results.

 

When systems in the trading process slow down significantly or fail, even for a short time, our brokerage customers could suffer delays in trading, or unintended results or other problems, potentially causing losses and possibly subjecting us to claims for such losses. Such failures or delays, depending upon how often they occur and how serious they are, could also result in our customers and customer prospects losing or failing to gain confidence in our trading platform. Additionally, as a general matter not applicable only to our company, the integrity of these types of systems is increasingly being attacked by persons sometimes referred to as “hackers” who intentionally introduce viruses or other defects to cause damage, inaccuracies or complete failure. Also, “cyberterrorism,” should it occur, may significantly affect people’s willingness to use Internet-based services, particularly ones that involve their personal or company’s assets.

 

During a system outage or failure, our brokerage may be able to take orders by telephone; however, only associates with appropriate licenses, knowledge and experience can accept telephone orders, and an adequate number of associates likely would not be available to take customer calls in the event of a system outage or failure. System delays, errors, outages and failures, depending upon how serious and how often they occur, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. See “The Nature Of Our Business Results In Potential Liability To Customers” below.

 

We May Need Cash In The Foreseeable Future

 

While we anticipate having sufficient cash to meet our needs over the next 12 months, our future liquidity and capital requirements will depend upon numerous factors, including: the rate of customer acceptance of our products and services, including the number of new brokerage accounts acquired and the number and volume of trades made by our brokerage customers; the effect of price reductions; price competition that may result in our continuing to charge lower commissions and fees to customers; significant, increased infrastructure and operating costs as our business grows, including unanticipated costs for self-clearing and/or omnibus clearing operations (such as large cash or security deposits, which are $17.4 million as of February 28, 2005, and which are expected to increase as our business grows); increased net capital or excess net capital requirements and unanticipated reserve and settlement requirements; unanticipated costs relating to our new forex and options execution services; costs of technology development and sales, marketing, compliance, technical and administrative operations relating to increased and intensified pursuit of institutional customers; substantial legal costs and/or unexpected unfavorable outcomes in lawsuits and arbitrations currently pending against us; and competing technological and market developments. Funds, if and when needed, may be raised through debt financing and/or the issuance of equity securities, there being no assurance that any such type of financing on terms satisfactory to us will be available or otherwise occur. Any equity financing or debt financing which requires issuance of equity securities or warrants to the lender would reduce the percentage ownership of the shareholders of the company. Shareholders also may, if issuance of equities occurs, experience additional dilution in net book value per share, or the issued equities may have rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of existing shareholders.

 

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The Nature Of Our Business Results In Potential Liability To Customers

 

Many aspects of the securities, futures and forex brokerage business, including online trading services, involve substantial risks of liability. In recent years there has been an increasing incidence of litigation involving the securities and futures brokerage industry, including both class action and individual suits and arbitrations that generally seek substantial damages, including in some cases punitive damages. Our proprietary order routing technology, in addition to offering charting, trade analysis and trade execution services of various kinds, is designed to automatically locate, with immediacy, the best available price in the appropriate market in completing execution of a trade triggered by programmed market entry and exit rules. There are risks that the electronic communications and other systems upon which these products and services rely, and will continue to rely, or our products and services themselves, as a result of flaws or other imperfections or limitations in their designs or performance, may operate too slowly, fail, cause confusion or uncertainty to the user, or operate or produce results not understood or intended by the user. An investor or trader using either the full electronic trading platform or our subscription service might claim that investment or trading losses or lost profits resulted from use of a flawed version of one of our trading software tools or systems, or inaccurate assumptions made by the trading software tools regarding data, or inaccurate data. Major failures of this kind may affect all customers who are online simultaneously. Any such litigation could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. We do not currently carry any errors or omissions insurance that might cover, in part, some of the above-described risks. While our contracts with customers are, we believe, clear that customers who do business with us must knowingly assume all of the risks described above, there can be no assurance that a judge, arbitrator or regulator would enforce or honor such contractual provisions. See “Conditions In The Securities And Financial Markets May Affect Our Rates Of Customer Acquisition, Retention And Trading Activity,” and “Systems Failures May Result In Our Inability To Deliver Accurately, On Time, Or At All, Important And Time-Sensitive Services To Our Customers” above.

 

Dependence Upon Outside Data Sources And Clearing Relationships Creates Risks Outside Of Our Control Which May Affect Our Ability To Provide, And Our Cost To Provide, Market Data And Clearing And Account Services

 

Our business is currently dependent upon our ability to maintain contracts with private market and news data vendors and clearing and dealer firms in order to provide certain market data and news, and clearing and account services, respectively, to our customers. We currently obtain New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), American Stock Exchange (AMEX), Nasdaq, Options Price Reporting Authority (OPRA), Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME), Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT) and OneChicago real-time market data directly from those exchanges, but obtain other market data (such as forex data) and news pursuant to non-exclusive licenses from private data vendors who in turn obtain the data from exchanges or other sources. Clearing and back-office account services for our brokerage customers are obtained from established clearing agents and, with respect to our self-clearing operations, our software system licensing agreement with SunGard. For our forex services, we rely on a third-party forex dealer firm for all trade activity account services. The data and news contracts typically provide for royalties based on usage or minimums, the clearing contracts provide for transactional clearing fees and charges, and the contract with the forex dealer provides for sharing a fixed amount of the spread made by the forex dealer in each deal. There can be no assurance that we will be able to renew or maintain contracts or acceptable clearing cost or vendor fee rates. In fact, in 2003 we needed

 

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to quickly change our futures clearing agent in response to a substantial increase in our clearing costs imposed by our former futures clearing agent. Changes (or, in some cases, failure or inability to make changes) in our relationships with one or more of these third parties, or involuntary termination of one or more of those relationships, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

 

We Are Subject To Intellectual Property Litigation

 

There has been substantial litigation in the software industry involving intellectual property rights. Although we do not believe that we are or will be infringing upon the intellectual property rights of others, there was recently an infringement claim asserted against us and eight other online brokerage firms by a company named Datamize, Inc., which could have had a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects if it was successful (we settled the suit in December 2004 for an amount immaterial to our financial statements). Such a case, as well as any other infringement case that may be brought against us, could result in our being unable to use intellectual property which is integral to one or more of our products or services.

 

We May Not Be Able To Adequately Protect Or Preserve Our Rights In Intellectual Property

 

Our success is and will continue to be heavily dependent on proprietary technology, including existing trading software, Internet, Web-site and order-execution technology, and those types of technology currently in development. We view our technology as proprietary, and rely, and will be relying, on a combination of copyright, trade secret and trademark laws, nondisclosure agreements and other contractual provisions and technical measures to protect our proprietary rights. We also have a pending patent application covering the TradeStation electronic platform, but we do not yet know if the patent will be issued. Policing unauthorized use of our products and services is difficult, however, and we may be unable to prevent, or unsuccessful in attempts to prevent, theft, copying or other unauthorized use or exploitation of our product and service technologies. There can be no assurance that the steps taken by us to protect (or defend) our proprietary rights will be adequate or that our competitors will not independently develop technologies that are substantially equivalent or superior to our technologies or products and services.

 

Operation In A Highly-Regulated Industry And Compliance Failures May Result In Severe Penalties And Other Harmful Governmental Actions Against Us

 

The securities and commodity futures industries are subject to extensive regulation covering all aspects of those businesses. Regulation of forex dealer and brokerage services is increasing as well. The various governmental authorities and industry self-regulatory organizations that supervise and regulate (and may soon supervise and regulate) our brokerage firm have broad enforcement powers to censure, fine, suspend, enjoin, expel or issue cease-and-desist orders to our brokerage firm or any of its officers or employees who violate applicable laws or regulations. Additionally, rules relating specifically to active traders have been enacted and more may be enacted which severely limit the operations and potential success of our business. For example, in January 2005 new “short sale” rules promulgated by the SEC became effective that may materially, adversely affect our ability to provide quality short sale brokerage services to our equities brokerage customers. Our ability to comply with all applicable laws and rules is largely dependent on our brokerage’s maintenance of compliance and reporting systems, as well as its ability to attract and retain qualified compliance and other personnel and enter into suitable

 

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contractual relationships with appropriate vendors, lenders and counterparties. Our brokerage could be subject to disciplinary or other regulatory or legal actions in the future due to noncompliance.

 

The Loss Of Key Employees Could Decrease The Quality Of Our Management And Operations

 

Our success depends to a very significant extent on the continued availability and performance of a number of senior management and product development personnel. The loss of one or more of these key employees could have a material adverse effect on our company.

 

There Are Risks Relating To Our Ability To Maintain Customer Privacy And Security And That Increased Government Regulation Of Internet Business May Occur

 

Customers may refuse to transact business over the Internet, particularly business, such as ours, that involves the handling of significant amounts of customers’ funds, due to privacy or security concerns. This risk will grow if, as and to the extent “cyberterrorism” occurs or is perceived to be a viable, prominent threat or likelihood to occur (or recur on a regular basis). We do incorporate security measures into our privacy policies. However, no assurances can be made that a breach of such measures will not occur, and a major breach of customer privacy or security could have serious consequences for our Internet-based operations. Use of the Internet, particularly for commercial transactions, may not continue to increase as rapidly as it has during the past few years as a result of privacy or security concerns, or for other reasons. If this occurs, the growth of our operations would be materially hindered. If Internet activity becomes heavily regulated in these respects or otherwise, that could also have significant negative consequences for the growth of our current and planned operations.

 

Our Brokerage Must Meet Net Capital And Other Financial Requirements As A Broker-Dealer That, If Not Satisfied, Could Result In Severe Penalties Or Other Negative Consequences, And Which At All Times Limit Our Right To Use All Of The Brokerage’s Cash

 

The SEC, the NASD, the CFTC, the NFA, the DTCC (i.e., NSCC and DTC), certain exchanges and other regulatory and self-regulatory agencies or organizations have stringent rules with respect to the maintenance of specific levels of net capital by securities broker-dealers and futures commission merchants, large, fluctuating cash deposit requirements, and reserve, settlement and other financial requirements. Net capital is the net worth of the regulated company (assets minus liabilities), less deductions for certain types of assets as well as other charges. If a firm fails to maintain the required net capital it may be subject to suspension or revocation of registration by the SEC or CFTC and suspension or expulsion by the NASD or NFA, and it could ultimately lead to the firm’s liquidation. If such net capital rules are changed or expanded, or if there is an unusually large charge against net capital, operations that require the use of capital would be restricted. Also, our ability to withdraw capital from our TradeStation Securities brokerage subsidiary is subject to SEC rules, which in turn could materially impact our available working capital and materially impact or limit our ability to repay debt as and when due, redeem or purchase shares of our outstanding stock, if required or desirable, and pay dividends in the future. A large operating loss or charge against net capital could adversely affect our ability to expand or even maintain our then present levels of business, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. See “We May Need Cash In The Foreseeable Future” above.

 

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Control Of TradeStation Group By The Cruzes Means That Important Decisions Affecting The Company Are Concentrated In The Judgment Of Two Related Individuals

 

As of February 28, 2005, affiliates of William R. Cruz and Ralph L. Cruz (the Co-Chairmen and Co-Chief Executive Officers of our company) own over 47% of the outstanding shares of our common stock. Therefore, as a practical matter, the Cruzes control TradeStation Group. Any and all decisions and votes of our shareholders (including the election of our Board of Directors and any merger, consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of TradeStation Group’s assets) will likely be determined by the Cruzes.

 

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

 

Market risk generally represents the risk of loss that may result from the potential change in the value of a financial instrument as a result of fluctuations in interest rates and market prices. We have established policies, procedures and internal processes governing our management of market risks in the normal course of our business operations. We do not hold any market risk sensitive instruments for trading purposes.

 

TradeStation Securities seeks to control the risks associated with our customer activities by requiring customers to maintain margin collateral and reduce concentrated positions in compliance with regulatory and internal guidelines. TradeStation Securities monitors required margin levels on an intra-day basis and, pursuant to such guidelines, requires customers to deposit additional collateral, or to reduce positions, when necessary.

 

TradeStation Securities earns interest from interest revenue sharing arrangements with its clearing agents and as a self-clearing broker-dealer, holds interest earning assets, mainly funds required to be segregated in compliance with federal regulations for customers. These funds totaled $347.1 million at December 31, 2004. Interest earning assets are financed primarily by short-term interest bearing liabilities, totaling $420.7 million at December 31, 2004, in the form of customer cash balances. TradeStation Securities earns a net interest spread on the difference between amounts earned on customer margin loans and amounts paid on customer cash balances. Because TradeStation Securities establishes the rate paid on customer cash balances and the rate charged on customer margin loans, a substantial portion of our interest rate risk is under our direct management. We estimate that, based upon our brokerage customer balances as of the date of this report, for each basis point increase or decrease in interest rates retained by the company there is an annual impact of approximately $25,000 to our net income after income taxes.

 

Changes in interest rates also affect the interest earned on our cash and cash equivalents. In order to reduce this interest rate risk, we are currently invested in investments with short maturities. As of December 31, 2004, our cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of interest bearing cash deposits and money market funds. Any increase or decrease in interest rates will not have a material impact on our interest earned on our corporate cash balances.

 

TradeStation Securities seeks to control risks associated with its securities borrowing activities by requiring credit approvals for counterparties, by monitoring the collateral values for securities borrowed on a daily basis and by obtaining additional collateral as needed. See Note 17 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES – General Contingencies and Guarantees.

 

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Our revenues and financial instruments are denominated in U.S. dollars, and we do not invest in derivative financial instruments.

 

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

 

The Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto and the reports of the independent registered public accounting firm set forth on pages F-1 through F-31 are filed as part of this report and incorporated herein by reference.

 

The Consolidated Financial Statement Schedule and the report of the independent registered public accounting firm set forth on pages S-1 through S-3 are filed as part of this report and incorporated herein by reference.

 

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

 

As of the end of the period covered by this report, an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures was made under the supervision and with the participation of the company’s management, including the Co-Chief Executive Officers and the Chief Financial Officer. Based on that evaluation, the company’s management, including the Co-Chief Executive Officers and the Chief Financial Officer, concluded that the company’s disclosure controls and procedures have been designed and are being operated in a manner that provides reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by the company in reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. A system of controls, no matter how well designed and operated, cannot provide absolute assurance that the objectives of the system of controls are met, and no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within a company have been detected.

 

See pages F-2 through F-4 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for the Report of Management on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting and the related Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, each of which are filed as part of this report and incorporated herein by reference.

 

There have been no changes in the company’s internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the fourth quarter of 2004 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the company’s internal controls over financial reporting.

 

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

 

Not applicable.

 

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PART III

 

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT

 

Directors and Executive Officers

 

The executive officers and directors of TradeStation Group and their respective ages and positions as of February 28, 2005 are as follows:

 

NAME


  AGE

  

POSITION WITH THE COMPANY


William R. Cruz   43    Co-Chairman of the Board and Co-Chief Executive Officer
Ralph L. Cruz   41    Co-Chairman of the Board and Co-Chief Executive Officer
Salomon Sredni   37    President and Chief Operating Officer and Director
David H. Fleischman   59    Chief Financial Officer, Vice President of Finance and Treasurer
Marc J. Stone   44    Vice President of Corporate Development, General Counsel and Secretary
Michael W. Fipps (1)   62    Director
Stephen C. Richards (1)(2)   51    Director
Charles F. Wright (1)(2)   54    Director

(1) Member of the Audit Committee of the board of directors.
(2) Member of the Compensation Committee of the board of directors.

 

The directors hold office until the next annual meeting of shareholders. Executive officers serve at the discretion of the board of directors.

 

WILLIAM R. CRUZ co-founded the company with his brother, Ralph Cruz, in 1982 and has been a director since that time. He served as President from 1982 to September 1999. Mr. Cruz was appointed Co-Chairman of the Board and Co-Chief Executive Officer of the company in 1996. Mr. Cruz studied classical violin at the University of Miami, which he attended on a full scholarship, and the Juilliard School of Music, during which time he won numerous classical violin competitions. Mr. Cruz has been primarily responsible for the conception and management of the company’s products and product strategies.

 

RALPH L. CRUZ co-founded the company in 1982 and has been a director since that time. Mr. Cruz was Vice President of the company from 1982 until 1996, at which time he was appointed Co-Chairman of the Board and Co-Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Cruz also serves as a director of the company’s two operating subsidiaries. Mr. Cruz studied classical violin at the University of Miami, which he attended on a full scholarship, and Indiana University, during which time he won numerous classical violin competitions. Mr. Cruz has been primarily responsible for the company’s marketing strategies.

 

SALOMON SREDNI joined the company in December 1996 as its Vice President of Operations and Chief Financial Officer and was named Treasurer and a director of the company in July 1997. In August 1999, he was named President and Chief Operating Officer. Mr. Sredni also serves as a director of the company’s two operating subsidiaries. Before joining the company, Mr. Sredni was, from August 1994 to November 1996, Vice President of Accounting and Corporate Controller at IVAX Corporation, a publicly-held pharmaceutical company. Prior to that time, Mr. Sredni was, from January 1988 to August 1994, with Arthur Andersen LLP.

 

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Mr. Sredni is a Certified Public Accountant and a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and the Florida Institute of Certified Public Accountants. He has a bachelor’s degree in accounting from The Pennsylvania State University.

 

DAVID H. FLEISCHMAN joined the company as Chief Financial Officer, Vice President of Finance and Treasurer in February 2001. Prior to joining the company, Mr. Fleischman was engaged as a Director of Crossroads LLC, a firm that provides financial and management expertise and services to companies seeking to maximize the efficiencies and performance of their management teams. From January 1997 until September 2000, Mr. Fleischman served as Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and member of the Board of Advisors of The SeaSpecialties Group. From 1992 to 1996, he served as Senior Vice President and Treasurer of The Kislak Organization - J.I. Kislak, Inc., an organization that, during those years, included the largest privately-held mortgage-banking company in the United States. From 1983 to 1992, Mr. Fleischman served as a Director, Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the U.S. group of Berisford International plc, a publicly-held United Kingdom company. From 1969 to 1983, he held several positions with subsidiaries of Midland Bank plc, including London American Finance Corporation and Drake America Corporation. He began his career in 1967 in the audit division of a predecessor firm of Ernst & Young LLP. Mr. Fleischman has a bachelor’s of science degree in accounting from The New York Institute of Technology.

 

MARC J. STONE joined the company in May 1997 as its Vice President of Corporate Development, General Counsel and Secretary. Mr. Stone also serves as a director of the company’s two operating subsidiaries, as an executive registered principal of TradeStation Securities, the company’s principal operating subsidiary. Mr. Stone is also a Member of the New York Stock Exchange and the American Stock Exchange (serving as TradeStation Securities’ membership representative). From January 1993 to May 1997, Mr. Stone was a partner at a predecessor law firm of Bilzin Sumberg Baena Price & Axelrod LLP, which currently serves as the company’s regular outside counsel. Prior to that time, from 1985 to 1992, Mr. Stone was an associate with that predecessor law firm. Mr. Stone has a bachelor’s degree with concentrations in English and American Literature and in Theatre Arts and Dramatic Literature from Brown University, and received his law degree from University of California (Boalt Hall) School of Law at Berkeley. Mr. Stone is a member of the Bar of the State of New York, The Florida Bar, the American Bar Association and the New York State Bar Association.

 

MICHAEL W. FIPPS joined the Board, and became a member of the Audit Committee, in March 2002. Since October 1997, he has been semi-retired, working occasionally as an independent consultant, including associations with Endeavor Pharmaceuticals, a specialty pharmaceutical start up company, from April 2002 to July 2003, and Connally and Associates, a profit recovery firm, from December 1998 through April 2000. From June 1994 to October 1997, he served as Chief Financial Officer and Senior Vice President of IVAX Corporation, a publicly-held pharmaceutical company. Before going to IVAX, Mr. Fipps served, from 1973 to 1994, as Vice President-Finance and Treasurer of Bergen Brunswig Corporation, a large wholesale distributor of prescription pharmaceuticals and other health care products. Mr. Fipps is a Certified Public Accountant and a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and the California Society of Certified Public Accountants. He has a bachelor of arts degree from University of North Carolina.

 

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STEPHEN C. RICHARDS joined the Board, and became a member of the Audit Committee and Compensation Committee, in August 1999. Currently retired, from April 2001 to December 2004, Mr. Richards served as the Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer (from November 2001) of McAfee, Inc. (NYSE:MFE), a provider of network security and availability solutions for e-business. He served as Chief Online Trading Officer of E*TRADE Group, Inc., (NYSE: ET), an online brokerage and banking company, from March 1999 to June 2000. From 1998 to February 1999, Mr. Richards served as Senior Vice President, Corporate Development and New Ventures at E*TRADE, following two years as E*TRADE’s Senior Vice President of Finance, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer. Prior to joining E*TRADE in April 1996, Mr. Richards was Managing Director and Chief Financial Officer of Correspondent Clearing at Bear Stearns & Companies, Inc., one of the nation’s largest investment banking and brokerage firms, where he was employed for more than 11 years. He was also a former Vice President/Deputy Controller of Becker Paribas, and former First Vice President/Controller of Jefferies and Company, Inc. Mr. Richards serves on the board of governors of the Pacific Stock Exchange and is on the board of directors of Cray, Inc. (NASDAQ: CRAY), a computer hardware company, and Zantaz, a privately held company involved in information retention and discovery management software solutions. He received a Bachelor of Arts in Statistics and Economics from the University of California at Davis and an MBA in Finance from the University of California at Los Angeles. Mr. Richards is a Certified Public Accountant.

 

CHARLES F. WRIGHT is the Chairman of Fall River Group, Inc., which owns and operates a group of foundries in Wisconsin. He has been Chairman since 1984, and has been associated with Fall River Group since 1973. He is also the Chairman and a Principal of Fall River Capital, LLC, an investment advisory firm that specializes in the trading of global financial and natural resource futures. He has held these positions since 1999. Since 1997, Mr. Wright has also been Chairman and a co-owner of Quaestus & Co., Inc., a merchant banking firm located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Since 2001 he has been Chairman and co-owner of Kilbourn Capital Management, Inc., which manages the Kilbourn Diversified Strategy Fund, a hedge fund of funds. From 1992 until its acquisition by Cumulus Media, Inc. in 1997, Mr. Wright served as Chairman of Caribbean Communications Company Ltd., a developer and operator of a radio network throughout the English-speaking Caribbean Islands. Mr. Wright serves on the board of directors of Goodwill Industries of Southeastern Wisconsin and Metropolitan Chicago, Second Harvest Food Bank Foundation, and Good Hope School in St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, and as a member of Greater Milwaukee Committee. Mr. Wright is registered with the CFTC and the NFA as a Commodity Trading Advisor, and holds a Master’s Degree in Business Administration from Harvard University Graduate School of Business. Mr. Wright became a director of the company in June 2001, at which time he was also elected to the Compensation Committee and Audit Committee of the board of directors. Mr. Wright occasionally performed consulting services for the company under a 3-year agreement that expired in 2002. All compensation payable under that agreement was paid in 1999, two years before he joined our board.

 

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Independent Directors; Committees of the Board of Directors

 

As previously reported, on August 13, 2004, sales of shares of the company’s common stock by separate limited partnerships beneficially owned by each of William Cruz and Ralph Cruz (which were made pursuant to their respective Rule 10b5-1 plans) resulted in their combined percentage ownership of the outstanding shares of the company’s common stock falling below fifty percent (50%). Accordingly, on August 13, 2004, the company ceased to be a “Controlled Company” under the meaning of Nasdaq Rule 4350(c)(5). If a Nasdaq-listed company is no longer a “Controlled Company” under Nasdaq Rule 4350(c)(5), it is required, to the extent not already the case, to have the majority of its board consist of independent directors and to establish a nominating committee and compensation committee comprised solely of independent directors within the one-year phase-in period described in Nasdaq Rule 4350(a)(5). The company already has a compensation committee comprised solely of independent directors and, no later than August 12, 2005 (the expiration of the one-year phase-in period), intends to establish a nominating committee comprised solely of independent directors and ensure that a majority of its board consists of independent directors (currently, 50% of its board consists of independent directors).

 

The company’s board of directors currently includes three (3) nonemployee, independent members, Michael W. Fipps, Stephen C. Richards and Charles F. Wright, all of whom serve on the Audit Committee of the board of directors. The Audit Committee monitors and oversees the company’s financial reporting process on behalf of the board of directors. It reviews the independence of our auditors and is responsible for authorizing or approving the engagement of our auditors for both audit services and permitted non-auditing services, the scope of audit and non-auditing assignments, related fees, the accounting principles used in financial reporting, internal financial auditing procedures, the adequacy of the internal control procedures, critical accounting policies, and the overall quality of our financial reporting. Mr. Richards and Mr. Wright also serve on the Compensation Committee of the board of directors. The Compensation Committee determines executive officers’ salaries and bonuses and administers our Incentive Stock Plan and Employee Stock Purchase Plan.

 

Audit Committee Financial Experts

 

The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of TradeStation Group has three members, two of whom, Michael W. Fipps and Stephen C. Richards, we believe are financial experts. Each is a certified public accountant. Mr. Fipps previously served as chief financial officer of an American Stock Exchange listed company. Mr. Richards previously served as the chief financial officer of two NYSE listed companies. Mr. Fipps and Mr. Richards are both independent, as that term is used in Item 7(d)(3)(iv) of Schedule 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).

 

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Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance

 

Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires officers (as defined under the Exchange Act) and directors, and persons who own more than ten percent of a registered class of a company’s equity securities, to file reports of ownership and changes in ownership with the SEC. Our officers, directors and greater than ten percent shareholders are required by SEC regulations to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a) forms they file.

 

Based solely on review of the copies of such forms furnished to us and our understanding that no Forms 5 were required, we believe that during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004 all Section 16(a) filing requirements applicable to our officers, directors and greater than ten percent beneficial owners were satisfied.

 

Recommendation of Nominees

 

Since the date of our proxy statement for our 2004 annual meeting there has not been any material change to the procedures by which security holders may recommend nominees to our board of directors.

 

Code of Ethics

 

We have a Code of Ethics and Business Conduct that applies to all directors, officers and employees, including our principal executive officers, our principal financial and accounting officer, and our corporate controller. You can find our Code of Ethics and Business Conduct on our Web site, www.tradestation.com. We will post any amendments to the Code of Ethics and Business Conduct, and any waivers that are required to be disclosed by the rules of the SEC or any other regulatory agency, on our Web site.

 

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

 

Executive Compensation Tables

 

The following tables provide information about executive compensation.

 

SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE

 

The following table sets forth information with respect to all compensation paid or earned for services rendered to us in the three years ended December 31, 2004 by our Co-Chief Executive Officers and our three other most highly compensated executive officers who, as a group, comprise all of the executive officers of the company (together, the “Named Executive Officers”). We did not have a pension plan or a long-term incentive plan, had not issued any restricted stock awards and had not granted any stock appreciation rights as of December 31, 2004. The value of all perquisites and other personal benefits received by each Named Executive Officer did not exceed 10% of the Named Executive Officer’s total annual compensation.

 

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     Annual Compensation

  

Long-Term

Compensation

Awards


   

All Other

Compen-

sation ($)(3)


NAME AND PRINCIPAL POSITION


   Fiscal
Year


   Salary ($)

   Bonus ($)(1)

  

Securities

Underlying

Options (#) (2)


   

William R. Cruz

Co-Chief Executive Officer

   2004
2003
2002
   $
 
 
190,000
165,000
150,000
   $
 
 
50,000
20,000
—  
   —  
—  
—  
 
 
 
  $
 
 
4,560
3,960
5,400

Ralph L. Cruz

Co-Chief Executive Officer

   2004
2003
2002
   $
 
 
190,000
165,000
150,000
   $
 
 
50,000
20,000
—  
   —  
—  
—  
 
 
 
  $
 
 
4,560
3,960
5,400

Salomon Sredni

President and Chief Operating Officer

   2004
2003
2002
   $
 
 
310,000
283,500
268,750
   $
 
 
100,000
75,000
54,000
   —  
200,000
130,000
(4)
 
 
  $
 
 
4,920
4,800
6,600

David H. Fleischman

Chief Financial Officer,

Vice President of Finance and Treasurer

   2004
2003
2002
   $
 
 
226,500
218,500
208,562
   $
 
 
50,000
25,000
20,900
   —  
20,000
60,000
(4)
 
 
  $
 
 
4,920
4,800
6,600

Marc J. Stone

Vice President of Corporate Development,

General Counsel and Secretary

   2004
2003
2002
   $
 
 
214,000
206,500
198,485
   $
 
 
40,000
23,000
19,850
   —  
20,000
55,000
(4)
 
 
  $
 
 
4,920
4,800
6,600

(1) Represents bonus earned during the year but paid in subsequent year.
(2) Represents shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of options granted under our Incentive Stock Plan.
(3) Represents 401(k) plan company matching contributions on behalf of the Named Executive Officer earned during the year but paid in the subsequent year.
(4) See “OPTION GRANTS IN 2004 FISCAL YEAR” below.

 

OPTION GRANTS IN 2004 FISCAL YEAR

 

There were no options granted during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004 to the Named Executive Officers. On January 3, 2005, we issued to 3 executive officers options to purchase an aggregate of 132,000 shares of common stock (representing approximately 25% of the total option grant), of which 100,000 were issued to our President and Chief Operating Officer, and 16,000 were issued to our Chief Financial Officer, Vice President of Finance and Treasurer and 16,000 were issued to our Vice President of Corporate Development, General Counsel and Secretary. Such options vest ratably in annual increments over a five-year period and are exercisable at $7.11 per share, which was the fair market value (as defined in our Incentive Stock Plan) of our common stock on the date the options were granted. All of the options were granted under our Incentive Stock Plan in the ordinary course, and expire, if they remain unexercised, on the tenth anniversary of the date on which they were granted.

 

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AGGREGATED OPTION EXERCISES IN 2004 FISCAL YEAR

AND 2004 FISCAL YEAR-END OPTION VALUES

 

The following table provides information regarding the value of all options exercised during 2004 by the Named Executive Officers and of all unexercised options held at December 31, 2004 by the Named Executive Officers measured in terms of the closing market price of our common stock on December 31, 2004.

 

    

Shares

Acquired On

Exercise (#)


  

Value

Realized ($)


  

Number of

Securities Underlying

Unexercised Options At

December 31, 2004 (#)


  

Value of Unexercised

In-the-Money Options At

December 31, 2004 ($)(1)


Name


         Exercisable

   Unexcercisable

   Exercisable

   Unexcercisable

William R. Cruz

   —      $ —      —      —      $ —      $ —  

Ralph L. Cruz

   —        —      —      —        —        —  

Salomon Sredni

   —        —      511,123    282,000      1,657,031      596,720

David H. Fleischman

   —        —      73,000    82,000      312,280      319,920

Marc J. Stone

   —        —      213,900    73,000      779,910      265,800

(1) Based on a per share price of $7.03 on December 31, 2004, which was the closing market price of our common stock on the last day of the 2004 fiscal year.

 

Other Compensation Arrangements

 

Executive Officer Bonus Plan. The Compensation Committee of the company put in place an incentive bonus compensation program for certain executive officers of the company for the 2004, 2003 and 2002 fiscal years. Under the program, an executive officer is eligible to earn an annual bonus as determined by, and at the discretion of, the Compensation Committee. See SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE above.

 

Incentive Stock Plan. Pursuant to the TradeStation Group, Inc. Incentive Stock Plan, officers, employees and nonemployee consultants may be granted stock options, stock appreciation rights, stock awards, performance shares and performance units. The authorized number of shares of common stock for issuance under the Incentive Stock Plan is 7,500,000, subject to future antidilution adjustments. As of December 31, 2004, options to purchase 4,587,727 shares were outstanding and 925,329 shares were available for issuance under the TradeStation Group Incentive Stock Plan.

 

The Incentive Stock Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of the board of directors whose members must qualify as “nonemployee directors” (as such term is defined in Rule 16b-3 under the Exchange Act). The Compensation Committee is authorized to determine, among other things, the employees to whom, and the times at which, options and other benefits are to be granted, the number of shares subject to each option, the applicable vesting schedule and the exercise price (provided that, for incentive stock options, the exercise price shall not be less than 100% of the fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant). The Compensation Committee also determines the treatment to be afforded to a participant in the Incentive Stock Plan in the event of termination of employment for any reason, including death, disability or retirement, or change in control. Under the Incentive Stock Plan, the maximum term of an incentive stock option is ten years and the maximum term of a nonqualified stock option is fifteen years.

 

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The Compensation Committee may delegate to the company’s Co-CEOs the authority to grant options under the Incentive Stock Plan to employees (other than officers) of the company identified by the Co-CEOs. The Compensation Committee has historically delegated to the Co-CEOs the authority to grant options covering up to 250,000 shares of common stock per annum, and retains the ability to revoke the delegation at any time. No such authority is currently delegated to the Co-CEOs.

 

The board of directors has the power to amend the Incentive Stock Plan from time to time. Shareholder approval of a material amendment is generally required.

 

TradeStation Securities Assumed Options. In connection with the December 29, 2000 merger acquisition of TradeStation Securities, we assumed the outstanding options under TradeStation Securities’ 1999 incentive stock plan. Each option issued under TradeStation Securities’ plan was assumed and converted to 1.7172 options to purchase the company’s common stock at the original exercise price divided by 1.7172. As of December 31, 2004, options to purchase 192,013 shares were outstanding.

 

Window On WallStreet Assumed Options. In October 1999, in connection with our merger acquisition of Window On WallStreet, TradeStation Technologies assumed all outstanding stock options to purchase Window On WallStreet common stock (“WOW Options”), which, based on an exchange ratio of .210974 shares of the TradeStation Technologies common stock for each share of Window On WallStreet common stock, were exercisable at the time of assumption for an aggregate of 182,529 shares of common stock (82,783 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $.48 per share, and 99,746 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $8.06 per share). The WOW Options generally vested ratably over a four-year period and their terms are ten years. After giving effect to the company’s assumption of the WOW Options pursuant to the company’s December 29, 2000 merger acquisition of TradeStation Securities, as of December 31, 2004 there were 11,623 WOW Options outstanding.

 

Nonemployee Director Stock Option Plan. Our Nonemployee Director Stock Option Plan, pursuant to which initial and annual grants of nonqualified stock options are made to each nonemployee director, became operative December 29, 2000 upon the assumption of the TradeStation Technologies Nonemployee Director Stock Option Plan and all options and option agreements issued thereunder. Upon initial election to the board of directors, each nonemployee director may be granted options to purchase up to 75,000 shares of common stock as determined by the board of directors at such time. Upon each re-election to the board of directors at the annual meeting of shareholders, each nonemployee director will be granted additional options to purchase 7,000 shares of common stock. Each option will be granted at an exercise price equal to the fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant. We have reserved 350,000 shares of common stock for issuance under the Nonemployee Director Stock Option Plan, subject to antidilution adjustments. Options granted to date have a term of five years and vest in equal installments over three years. As of December 31, 2004, options to purchase 113,000 shares were outstanding and 162,000 shares were available for issuance under the Nonemployee Director Stock Option Plan.

 

The board of directors has the power to amend the Nonemployee Director Stock Option Plan from time to time. Shareholder approval of a material amendment is generally required.

 

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Outstanding Options. As of December 31, 2004, options to purchase a total of 4,904,363 shares were outstanding under all stock option plans (inclusive of all options assumed under the plans discussed above), of which options to purchase 1,235,023 shares had been granted to and are currently held by executive officers. During 2004, there were no options granted to executive officers, although on January 3, 2005 options to purchase 132,000 shares of common stock were granted to three executive officers. See “OPTIONS GRANTS IN 2004 FISCAL YEAR” above. In general, options granted under the Incentive Stock Plan and the other incentive stock plans described above vest at the rate of 20% per year and have a total term of ten years (except for the WOW Options, which vested ratably over 4 years and the Nonemployee Director stock options which vest ratably over 3 years). Options which have been granted under the Incentive Stock Plan to certain executive officers may immediately vest and become exercisable in certain circumstances. The options to purchase the shares granted and assumed under all plans discussed above that were outstanding as of December 31, 2004 have a weighted average exercise price of $3.85 per share. See Note 11 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY.

 

Employee Stock Purchase Plan. Our Employee Stock Purchase Plan provides for the issuance of a maximum of 500,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the exercise of nontransferable options granted to participating employees. The Employee Stock Purchase Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of the board of directors.

 

All employees whose customary employment is more than 20 hours per week and more than five months in any calendar year and who have completed at least three months of employment are eligible to participate in the Employee Stock Purchase Plan. Employees who would immediately after the grant own 5% or more of the total combined voting power or value of our stock, and the nonemployee directors, may not participate in the Employee Stock Purchase Plan. To participate in the Employee Stock Purchase Plan, an employee must authorize us to deduct an amount (not less than one percent nor more than ten percent of a participant’s total cash compensation) from his or her pay during six-month periods (each, a “Plan Period”). The maximum number of shares of common stock an employee may purchase in any Plan Period is 500 shares. The exercise price for the option for each Plan Period is 85% of the lower of the market price of the common stock on the first and last business day of the Plan Period. If an employee is not a participant on the last day of the Plan Period, such employee is not entitled to exercise his or her option, and the amount of his or her accumulated payroll deductions is refunded. An employee’s rights under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan terminate upon his or her voluntary withdrawal from the Employee Stock Purchase Plan or upon termination of employment. The first Plan Period (giving effect to the assumption of the predecessor company’s plan) began January 1, 1998. During the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, 24,011, 37,976, and 41,565 shares, respectively, of common stock were issued under the plan at average prices of $6.04, $3.26 and $1.03, respectively. As of December 31, 2004, there were 279,677 shares available for issuance under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan.

 

The board of directors has the power to amend or terminate the Employee Stock Purchase Plan. Shareholder approval of an amendment is only required to the extent that it is necessary to maintain the Employee Stock Purchase Plan’s status as a protected plan under applicable securities laws or as a qualified plan under applicable tax laws.

 

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401(k) Plan. We have a defined contribution retirement plan which complies with Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. All employees with at least three months of continuous service are eligible to participate and may contribute up to 60% of their compensation subject to the annual limit set by the Internal Revenue Service. Company contributions, if any, are vested 20% for each year of service. For the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, company contributions accrued under this plan were approximately $227,000, $210,000 and $265,000, respectively.

 

Non-Competition Agreements

 

Virtually all employees, including the Named Executive Officers, have entered into agreements with the company which contain certain non-competition, non-disclosure and non-solicitation restrictions and covenants, including a provision prohibiting such employees from competing with the company during their employment with us and for a period of two years thereafter.

 

Compensation Committee Interlocks And Insider Participation

 

We formed the Compensation Committee of the board of directors in December 2000, at which time two independent directors were appointed as members. During 2004, Stephen C. Richards and Charles F. Wright, both of whom are independent directors, served on the Compensation Committee. The compensation (including salaries, bonuses and stock options) of the company’s executive officers for 2004 was determined by the Compensation Committee. In 2004, no member of the Compensation Committee of the board of directors of our company had any relationship with the company requiring disclosure under Item 404 of Regulation S-K.

 

Director Compensation

 

Our independent directors currently receive $750 for attendance at each meeting of the board of directors and, if held on a separate date, committees thereof, with an additional $150 paid to the chairman of the committee meeting. Pursuant to the Nonemployee Director Stock Option Plan, each independent director receives options to purchase up to 75,000 shares of common stock upon initial election as a director, as determined by the board of directors at such time, and options to purchase 7,000 shares of common stock upon each re-election as an independent director at our annual meeting of shareholders. See “EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION – Other Compensation Arrangements – Nonemployee Director Stock Option Plan.” All directors may also be reimbursed for certain expenses in connection with attendance at board of directors and committee meetings. Other than with respect to reimbursement of expenses, directors who are employees or officers did not in 2004 receive additional compensation for service as a director.

 

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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

 

The following table sets forth certain information regarding the beneficial ownership of our common stock as of February 28, 2005 by (i) each person who is known to us to own beneficially more than 5% of our common stock, (ii) each director, (iii) each Named Executive Officer, and (iv) all directors and executive officers as a group. Except as otherwise described in the footnotes below, we believe that the beneficial owners of the common stock listed below, based on information provided by such owners, have sole investment and voting power with respect to such shares.

 

     Shares Beneficially Owned (1)

 

Name of Beneficial Owner (1)


   Number

   Percent

 

William R. Cruz (2)

   10,054,738    24.0 %

Ralph L. Cruz (3)

   9,916,468    23.7 %

Mazama Capital Management, Inc. (4)

   2,227,900    5.3 %

Salomon Sredni

   559,873    1.3 %

Charles F. Wright (5)

   309,080      *

Marc J. Stone (6)

   243,600      *

David H. Fleischman (7)

   126,500      *

Michael W. Fipps (8)

   28,083      *

Stephen C. Richards

   28,000      *

All executive officers and directors as a group (8 persons)(9)

   21,266,342    49.6 %

* Less than 1%.
(1) Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC that deem shares to be beneficially owned by any person who has or shares voting or investment power with respect to such shares. It includes options held by executive officers and/or directors which are exercisable within 60 days of February 28, 2005.
(2) All but 100 shares are held by two Texas limited partnerships over which William R. Cruz, whose address is 8050 S.W. 10th Street, Suite 4000, Plantation, Florida 33324, possesses sole voting and dispositive powers through his direct and/or indirect 100% ownership of the sole general partner of each of such limited partnerships. In both limited partnerships, William R. Cruz is the sole limited partner. Includes 900 shares owned by the spouse of William R. Cruz with respect to which Mr. Cruz disclaims beneficial ownership.
(3) The shares are held by two Texas limited partnerships over which Ralph L. Cruz, whose address is 8050 S.W. 10th Street, Suite 4000, Plantation, Florida 33324, possesses sole voting and dispositive powers through his direct and/or indirect 100% ownership of the sole general partner of each of such limited partnerships. In one limited partnership Ralph L. Cruz is the sole limited partner and in the other Ralph L. Cruz and his spouse are the limited partners.
(4) Mazama Capital Management, Inc. (“Mazama”) is a registered investment advisor with offices at One S.W. Columbia, Suite 1500, Portland, Oregon 97258. Information as to the beneficial ownership of the company’s common stock by Mazama was obtained from a Schedule 13G filed on February 15, 2005 with the SEC which disclosed that Mazama was the beneficial owner of 2,227,900 shares, over all of which it had sole dispositive power and over 1,256,100 of which it had sole voting power. Such filing further disclosed that the shares were acquired in the ordinary course of business and were not acquired for the purpose of, and do not have the effect of, changing or influencing the control of the company, and were not acquired in connection with or as a participant in any transaction having such purpose or effect.
(5) Includes 6,500 shares held as custodian for the benefit of the sons of Charles F. Wright.
(6) Includes 5,700 shares of common stock held by the spouse of Marc J. Stone, with respect to which Mr. Stone disclaims beneficial ownership.
(7) Includes 13,000 shares held by the spouse of David H. Fleischman, with respect to which Mr. Fleischman disclaims beneficial ownership.
(8) Includes 500 shares held by the spouse of Michael W. Fipps, with respect to which Mr. Fipps disclaims beneficial ownership.
(9) See other footnotes above.

 

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Equity Compensation Plan Information

 

The following sets forth information as of December 31, 2004 with respect to compensation plans under which the Company’s Common Stock is authorized for issuance:

 

Plan category


  

Number of securities to be
issued upon exercise of
outstanding options,
warrants and rights

(a)


   

Weighted-average

exercise price of

outstanding options,

warrants and

rights

(b)


  

Number of securities
remaining available for
future issuance under
equity compensation
plans (excluding
securities reflected in
column (a))

(c)


 

Equity compensation plans approved by security holders

   4,904,363 (1)   $ 3.85    1,367,006 (2)

Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders

   —         —      —    

Total (1)

   4,904,363     $ 3.85    1,367,006  

(1) Includes outstanding options to purchase 11,623 shares of common stock at a weighted-average exercise price of $8.06 assumed in the 1999 acquisition of Window On Wall Street and options to purchase 192,013 shares of common stock at a weighted-average exercise price of $5.45 assumed in the 2000 acquisition of TradeStation Securities.
(2) Includes 925,329, 162,000, and 279,677 shares of common stock available for issuance under the Incentive Stock Plan, Nonemployee Director Stock Option Plan and Employee Stock Purchase Plan, respectively.

 

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS

 

None.

 

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

 

TradeStation Group and its audit committee are committed to ensuring the independence of its independent auditor. As such, it is our policy that all engagements of Ernst & Young LLP by TradeStation be pre-approved by the audit committee. During the company’s 2004 and 2003 fiscal years, Ernst & Young LLP performed services for the company for fees and expenses as follows:

 

     2004

   2003

Audit Fees (1)

   $ 595,385    $ 159,222

Audit-Related Fees

     0      0

Tax Fees

     0      0

All Other Fees

     0      0

(1) Audit fees consisted of services rendered for the audit of management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, the audit of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, the audits of TradeStation Group and its subsidiaries’ annual consolidated financial statements, quarterly reviews of TradeStation Group’s interim financial statements, consents, and reviews of documents filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. During 2004, approximately $355,000 of the Audit Fees were related to the audit of management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting and the audit of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting.

 

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PART IV

 

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES, AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K

 

(a) Documents filed as part of this report.

 

1.    Financial Statements. The Financial Statements and notes thereto and the reports of the independent registered public accounting firm thereon set forth on pages F-1 through F-31 herein are filed as part of this report and incorporated herein by reference.
2.    Financial Statement Schedules. The Financial Statement Schedule and the report of the independent registered public accounting firm thereon set forth on pages S-1 through S-3 herein are filed as part of this report and incorporated herein by reference.
3.    Exhibits.

 

Exhibit
Number


 

Description


3.1   TradeStation Group’s Articles of Incorporation, as amended **
3.2   TradeStation Group’s Bylaws **
4.1   Form of Specimen Certificate for TradeStation Group’s Common Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to OnlineTrading.com Group, Inc.’s Amendment No. 3 to Registration Statement No. 333-34922 on Form S-4 filed with the Commission on November 21, 2000)
10.1   onlinetradinginc.com corp. 1999 Stock Option Plan***#
10.2   Window On WallStreet Inc. 1997 Long Term Incentive Plan***#
10.3   TradeStation Group, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan***#
10.4   TradeStation Group, Inc. Incentive Stock Plan ***#
10.5   TradeStation Group, Inc. Amended and Restated Nonemployee Director Stock Option Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to TradeStation Group’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2001) #
10.6   Form of Indemnification Agreement +
10.7   Lease Agreement, dated November 13, 2001, between Crossroads Business Park Associates LLP and TradeStation Group, Inc. (without exhibits and schedules) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.27 to TradeStation Group’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2001)
10.8   Office Lease dated August 13, 1998 between onlinetradinginc.com corp. and Highwood/Florida Holdings, L.P. ++
10.9   Sublease Agreement, dated June 21, 2002, between TradeStation Securities, Inc. and Steflind, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to TradeStation Group’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002)

 

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Table of Contents
10.10   Sublease Agreement, dated January 6, 2004, between TradeStation Securities, Inc. and JVB Financial, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to TradeStation Group’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003)
10.11   Form of Non-Competition and Non-Disclosure Agreement*
10.12   Form of Non-Competition Agreement +
10.13   Office/Showroom/Warehouse Lease Agreement dated June 12, 1996 between Springcreek Place Ltd. and Window On WallStreet Inc. (then named MarketArts, Inc.), as amended by Addendum to Lease dated October 12, 1998, and as further amended by Addendum to Lease dated May 28, 1999 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to Omega Research, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1999)
10.14   Modification and Ratification of Lease Agreement, dated July 25, 2002, between Springcreek Place Ltd. and TradeStation Technologies, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to TradeStation Group’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002)
10.15   Remote Processing Agreement, dated June 10, 2003, with SunGard Financial Systems, Inc. to provide the SunGard Phase3 System for the processing, clearing and settlement of trades (pricing schedules omitted) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to TradeStation Group’s Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2003)
10.16   Clearing Agreement with Bear, Stearns Securities Corp. ++
10.17   Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 8, 2002, between Benedict Gambino and TradeStation Group, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 to TradeStation Group’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002)
10.18   Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of October 18, 2002, between Benedict S. Gambino and TradeStation Group, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24 to TradeStation Group’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002)
10.19   Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of November 26, 2002, between Andrew A. Allen Family Limited Partnership and TradeStation Group, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 to TradeStation Group’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002)

 

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Table of Contents
21.1   List of Subsidiaries (filed herewith)
23.1   Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, with respect to TradeStation Group, Inc.’s consolidated financial statements, management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting (filed herewith)
31.1   Certifications of Co-Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith)
31.2   Certifications of Co-Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith)
31.3   Certifications of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith)
32.1   Certification of Co-Chief Executive Officers under 18 U.S.C. §1350 (filed herewith)
32.2   Certification of Chief Financial Officer under 18 U.S.C. §1350 (filed herewith)

* Previously filed as part of the Rule 424(b)(1) Proxy Statement/Prospectus of TradeStation Group filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) on December 12, 2000.
** Previously filed as part of Registration Statement No. 333-34922 on Form S-4 of OnlineTrading.com Group, Inc. filed with the Commission on April 17, 2000.
*** Previously filed as part of Registration Statement No. 333-53222 on Form S-8 of TradeStation Group, Inc. filed with the Commission on January 5, 2001.
+ Previously filed as part of Registration Statement No. 333-32077 on Form S-1 of Omega Research, Inc. filed with the Commission on July 25, 1997.
++ Previously filed as part of Registration Statement No. 333-75119 of Form SB-2 of onlinetradinginc.com corp. filed with the Commission on March 26, 1999.
# Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

 

(b) Reports on Form 8-K.

 

  (i) On October 14, 2004, we filed a Current Report on Form 8-K for an event that occurred on October 14, 2004, reporting in Item 2.02 thereof the release of our financial results for the third quarter of 2004 and a Business Outlook for the 2004 fourth quarter.

 

  (ii) On February 23, 2005, we filed a Current Report on Form 8-K for an event that occurred on February 23, 2005, reporting in Item 2.02 thereof the release of our financial results for the fourth quarter and year ended December 31, 2004, and a 2005 Business Outlook.

 

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SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 

Dated: March 8, 2005       TradeStation Group, Inc.
    By:  

/s/ William R. Cruz


        William R. Cruz
        Co-Chairman of the Board of Directors and
        Co-Chief Executive Officer
    By:  

/s/ Ralph L. Cruz


        Ralph L. Cruz
        Co-Chairman of the Board of Directors and
        Co-Chief Executive Officer

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated:

 

/s/ William R. Cruz


William R. Cruz

  

Co-Chairman of the Board of Directors

and Co-Chief Executive Officer

(Co-Principal Executive Officer)

  March 8, 2005

/s/ Ralph L. Cruz


Ralph L. Cruz

  

Co-Chairman of the Board of Directors

and Co-Chief Executive Officer

(Co-Principal Executive Officer)

  March 8, 2005

/s/ Salomon Sredni


Salomon Sredni

  

Chief Operating Officer, President

and Director (Principal Operating Officer)

  March 8, 2005

/s/ David H. Fleischman


David H. Fleischman

  

Chief Financial Officer, Vice President

of Finance and Treasurer (Principal

Financial and Accounting Officer)

  March 8, 2005

/s/ Michael W. Fipps


Michael W. Fipps

   Director   March 8, 2005

/s/ Stephen C. Richards


Stephen C. Richards

   Director   March 8, 2005

/s/ Charles F. Wright


Charles F. Wright

   Director   March 8, 2005

 

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TRADESTATION GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

Management’s Report On Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

   F-2

Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

   F-3

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2004 and 2003

   F-6

Consolidated Statements of Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002

   F-7

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002

   F-8

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002

   F-9

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

   F-10

 

F-1


Table of Contents

MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

 

The management of TradeStation Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, and for performing an assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2004. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The Company’s system of internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

 

Our management performed an assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2004, based upon criteria in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). Based on our assessment in accordance with the criteria in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by COSO, our management has concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2004.

 

Our management’s assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2004, has been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in its report which is included in these financial statements.

 

    February 14, 2005
    /s/ William R. Cruz
    William R. Cruz
    Co-Chairman of the Board
    and Co-Chief Executive Officer
    /s/ Ralph L. Cruz
    Ralph L. Cruz
    Co-Chairman of the Board
    and Co-Chief Executive Officer
    /s/ David H. Fleischman
    David H. Fleischman
    Chief Financial Officer,
    Vice President of Finance and Treasurer

 

F-2


Table of Contents

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

The Board of Directors and Shareholders of TradeStation Group, Inc.

 

We have audited management’s assessment, included in the accompanying Management’s Report On Internal Control Over Financial Reporting, that TradeStation Group, Inc. and subsidiaries (collectively, “TradeStation Group”) maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2004, based on criteria established in Internal Control Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO criteria). TradeStation Group’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on management’s assessment and an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

 

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, evaluating management’s assessment, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

 

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

 

In our opinion, management’s assessment that TradeStation Group maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2004, is fairly stated, in all material respects, based on the COSO criteria. Also, in our opinion, TradeStation Group maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2004, based on the COSO criteria.

 

F-3


Table of Contents

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of TradeStation Group as of December 31, 2004 and 2003, and the related consolidated statements of income, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2004 of TradeStation Group and our report dated February 14, 2005 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

 

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Certified Public Accountants

 

Fort Lauderdale, Florida,

    February 14, 2005.

 

F-4


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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

The Board of Directors and Shareholders of TradeStation Group, Inc.

 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of TradeStation Group, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2004 and 2003, and the related consolidated statements of income, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2004. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of TradeStation Group, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2004 and 2003, and the consolidated results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2004, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

 

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the effectiveness of the TradeStation Group, Inc. and subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2004, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 14, 2005 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

 

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Certified Public Accountants

 

Fort Lauderdale, Florida,

    February 14, 2005.

 

F-5


Table of Contents

TRADESTATION GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

 

     December 31,

 
     2004

    2003

 

ASSETS:

                

Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash of $1,911,426 and $2,150,354 at December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively

   $ 32,111,235     $ 30,485,229  

Cash segregated in compliance with federal regulations

     347,094,597       532,273  

Marketable securities

     —         1,997,060  

Receivables from brokers, dealers, clearing organizations and clearing agents

     19,404,102       526,832  

Receivables from brokerage customers, net

     56,984,622       —    

Property and equipment, net

     3,075,186       3,628,773  

Deferred income taxes, net

     3,811,716       —    

Deposits with clearing organizations and clearing agents

     14,498,375       —    

Other assets

     2,695,996       830,385  
    


 


Total assets

   $ 479,675,829     $ 38,000,552  
    


 


LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY:

                

LIABILITIES:

                

Payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations

   $ 3,089,950     $ 558,780  

Payables to brokerage customers

     420,709,173       518,699  

Accounts payable

     2,204,845       2,047,332  

Accrued expenses

     4,346,621       5,129,715  
    


 


Total liabilities

     430,350,589       8,254,526  
    


 


COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

                

SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY:

                

Preferred stock, $.01 par value; 25,000,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding

     —         —    

Common stock, $.01 par value; 200,000,000 shares authorized, 41,857,654 and 41,446,436 issued and outstanding at December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively

     418,577       414,464  

Additional paid-in capital

     55,421,283       50,540,630  

Accumulated deficit

     (6,514,620 )     (21,209,068 )
    


 


Total shareholders’ equity

     49,325,240       29,746,026  
    


 


Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

   $ 479,675,829     $ 38,000,552  
    


 


 

See accompanying notes.

 

F-6


Table of Contents

TRADESTATION GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

 

     For the Years Ended December 31,

 
     2004

   2003

    2002

 

REVENUES:

                       

Brokerage revenues

   $ 62,465,417    $ 50,857,943     $ 38,493,928  

Brokerage interest expense

     739,499      —         —    
    

  


 


Net brokerage revenues

     61,725,918      50,857,943       38,493,928  

Subscription fees

     8,124,944      7,033,557       6,638,516  

Other

     1,989,194      2,257,823       3,258,667  
    

  


 


Net revenues

     71,840,056      60,149,323       48,391,111  
    

  


 


OPERATING EXPENSES:

                       

Clearing and execution costs

     21,319,418      17,937,741       11,311,828  

Data center costs

     5,969,296      5,109,718       5,616,397  

Technology development

     7,404,166      7,144,491       8,850,858  

Sales and marketing

     11,827,257      10,451,588       12,473,344  

General and administrative

     10,903,253      8,777,931       10,047,991  

Recovery of insurance claim

     —        —         (1,250,000 )
    

  


 


Total operating expenses

     57,423,390      49,421,469       47,050,418  
    

  


 


Income from operations

     14,416,666      10,727,854       1,340,693  

OTHER INCOME, net

     396,126      165,564       427,063  
    

  


 


Income before income taxes

     14,812,792      10,893,418       1,767,756  

INCOME TAX PROVISION (BENEFIT)

     118,344      (730,821 )     3,605  
    

  


 


Net income

   $ 14,694,448    $ 11,624,239     $ 1,764,151  
    

  


 


EARNINGS PER SHARE:

                       

Basic

   $ 0.35    $ 0.29     $ 0.04  
    

  


 


Diluted

   $ 0.33    $ 0.27     $ 0.04  
    

  


 


WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING:

                       

Basic

     41,657,981      40,467,309       43,328,103  
    

  


 


Diluted

     44,316,867      43,390,208       43,386,250  
    

  


 


 

See accompanying notes.

 

F-7


Table of Contents

TRADESTATION GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

 

    

Preferred

Stock


   Common Stock

   

Additional
Paid-In

Capital


   

Accumulated

Deficit


   

Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive

Loss


   

Total


 
        Shares

    Amount

         

BALANCE, December 31, 2001

   $ —      44,547,316     $ 445,473     $ 51,609,498     $ (34,597,458 )   $ —       $ 17,457,513  

Issuance of common stock from purchase plan

     —      41,565       416       42,341       —         —         42,757  

Repurchase and retirement of common stock

     —      (5,000,000 )     (50,000 )     (6,823,401 )     —         —         (6,873,401 )

Compensation expense on stock option grants

     —      —         —         37,692       —         —         37,692  

Unrealized holding losses on available-for-sale securities

     —      —         —         —         —         (35,400 )     (35,400 )

Net income

     —      —         —         —         1,764,151       —         1,764,151  
    

  

 


 


 


 


 


BALANCE, December 31, 2002

     —      39,588,881       395,889       44,866,130       (32,833,307 )     (35,400 )     12,393,312  

Issuance of common stock from exercise of stock options, warrants and purchase plan

     —      1,857,555       18,575       5,674,500       —         —         5,693,075  

Unrealized holding losses on available-for-sale securities

     —      —         —         —         —         (19,423 )     (19,423 )

Reclassification adjustment for loss on available-for-sale securities included in net income

     —      —         —         —         —         54,823       54,823  

Net income

     —      —         —         —         11,624,239       —         11,624,239  
    

  

 


 


 


 


 


BALANCE, December 31, 2003

     —      41,446,436       414,464       50,540,630       (21,209,068 )     —         29,746,026  

Issuance of common stock from exercise of stock options, warrants and purchase plan

     —      411,218       4,113       1,082,519       —         —         1,086,632  

Tax benefit of stock option exercises

     —      —         —         3,798,134       —         —         3,798,134  

Net income

     —      —         —         —         14,694,448       —         14,694,448  
    

  

 


 


 


 


 


BALANCE, December 31, 2004

   $ —      41,857,654     $ 418,577     $ 55,421,283     $ (6,514,620 )   $ —       $ 49,325,240  
    

  

 


 


 


 


 


 

See accompanying notes.

 

F-8


Table of Contents

TRADESTATION GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

 

     For the Years Ended December 31,

 
     2004

    2003

    2002

 

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:

                        

Net income

   $ 14,694,448     $ 11,624,239     $ 1,764,151  

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

                        

Depreciation and amortization

     1,979,456       2,256,250       2,854,192  

Tax benefit on exercise of stock options

     3,798,134       —         —    

Deferred income tax benefit

     (148,461 )     —         —    

Loss on sale of marketable securities

     —         54,823       —    

Compensation expense on stock option grants

     —         —         37,692  

Gain on sale of intangible assets

     —         —         (287,500 )

(Increase) decrease in:

                        

Cash and investments segregated in compliance with federal regulations

     (346,562,324 )     (182,617 )     (349,656 )

Receivables from brokers, dealers, clearing organizations and clearing agents

     (18,877,270 )     224,388       (496,074 )

Receivables from brokerage customers

     (56,984,622 )     —         —    

Deposits with clearing organizations and clearing agents

     (14,498,375 )     —         —    

Other assets

     (5,303,723 )     64,710       398,385  

Increase (decrease) in:

                        

Payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations

     2,531,170       109,725       113,995  

Payables from brokerage customers

     420,190,474       74,507       129,812  

Accounts payable

     157,513       99,730       351,358  

Accrued expenses

     (461,732 )     (1,065,656 )     290,435  
    


 


 


Net cash provided by operating activities

     514,688       13,260,099       4,806,790  
    


 


 


CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:

                        

Capital expenditures

     (1,370,891 )     (1,334,690 )     (1,735,588 )

Decrease in restricted cash

     238,928       927,280       539,648  

Purchases of marketable securities

     —         (1,997,060 )     —    

Proceeds from sale/maturity of marketable securities

     1,997,060       46,577       314,528  

Acquisition of intangible assets and exchange memberships

     (415,000 )     (55,000 )     (100,000 )

Proceeds from sale of intangible assets

     —         —         1,000,000  
    


 


 


Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities

     450,097       (2,412,893 )     18,588  
    


 


 


CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:

                        

Proceeds from issuance of common stock

     1,086,632       5,693,075       42,757  

Repurchase and retirement of common stock

     —         —         (6,873,401 )

Repayment of capital lease obligations

     (186,483 )     (1,188,262 )     (1,376,187 )
    


 


 


Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

     900,149       4,504,813       (8,206,831 )
    


 


 


NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN UNRESTRICTED CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

     1,864,934       15,352,019       (3,381,453 )

UNRESTRICTED CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, beginning of year

     28,334,875       12,982,856       16,364,309  
    


 


 


UNRESTRICTED CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, end of year

   $ 30,199,809     $ 28,334,875     $ 12,982,856  
    


 


 


SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION:

                        

Cash paid for interest

   $ 718,536     $ 72,293     $ 217,924  
    


 


 


Cash paid (received) for income taxes, net

   $ 108,960     $ (745,374 )   $ (19,914 )
    


 


 


NON-CASH INVESTING & FINANCING ACTIVITIES:

                        

Equipment acquired under capital lease obligations

   $ —       $ —       $ 1,351,579  
    


 


 


 

See accompanying notes.

 

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TRADESTATION GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

(1) DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 

Description of Business

 

TradeStation Group, Inc. (the “Company”), a Florida corporation formed in 2000, is the successor to a publicly-held trading software company that was formed in 1982. TradeStation Group is listed on The Nasdaq National Market under the symbol “TRAD.” TradeStation Securities, Inc. and TradeStation Technologies, Inc. are TradeStation Group’s two operating subsidiaries.

 

TradeStation Securities, a securities broker-dealer and futures commission merchant, offers TradeStation to institutional, professional and serious, active individual traders. TradeStation is an electronic trading platform that enables customers to design, test and monitor their own custom trading strategies and then automate them with direct-access order execution. The trading platform currently offers streaming real-time equities, options, futures and forex market data, manual or automated direct-access execution of equities, options and futures trades, and manual execution of forex trades through a third-party platform. Prior to September 2004, all securities trades were cleared through Bear, Stearns Securities Corp. Beginning in September 2004, TradeStation Securities commenced equities self-clearing operations for its active trader client base and commenced omnibus clearing of its standardized equity option trades through Broadcort, a division of Merrill Lynch. TradeStation Securities continues to clear institutional account trades through Bear, Stearns Securities Corp. Futures trades are cleared through R.J. O’Brien & Associates and forex trades are cleared through R.J. O’Brien Foreign Exchange (Bear, Stearns Securities Corp., Broadcort, R.J. O’Brien & Associates and R.J. O’Brien Foreign Exchange are collectively referred to as “clearing agents” or “clearing agent firms”).

 

TradeStation Securities is a member and subject to the rules and requirements of the National Association of Securities Dealers (“NASD”), Securities Investor Protection Corporation, National Futures Association, the National Securities Clearing Corporation and Depository Trust Company (together, the Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation or “DTCC”), New York Stock Exchange (as of February 2005), American Stock Exchange, Archipelago Exchange, Boston Options Exchange, Chicago Board Options Exchange, Eurex US, International Stock Exchange, Pacific Exchange and Philadelphia Stock Exchange, and has a pending membership application with the Options Clearing Corporation which the Company expects to be accepted in the first quarter of 2005. TradeStation Securities’ business is also subject to rules and requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission, Commodity Futures Trading Commission and state regulatory authorities. The DTCC and the Options Clearing Corporation, together with other organizations, if any, that perform similar clearing or depository roles for their members, are collectively referred to in this report as “clearing organizations.”

 

TradeStation Technologies develops and offers strategy trading software tools and subscription services.

 

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The following is a summary of significant accounting policies followed in the preparation of these consolidated financial statements:

 

Principles of Consolidation

 

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

 

Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

Cash and Cash Equivalents

 

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of cash and money market funds held at clearing brokers, banks and other financial institutions. Cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2004 and 2003 include restricted cash of $1.9 million and $2.2 million, respectively. See Note 17 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES – Restricted Cash.

 

Cash Segregated In Compliance With Federal Regulations

 

Cash segregated in compliance with federal regulations, consisting primarily of interest-bearing cash deposits of $347.1 million and $532,000 as of December 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003, respectively, have been segregated in special reserve bank accounts for the exclusive benefit of customers under Rule 15c3-3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and other regulations.

 

Marketable Securities

 

Marketable securities are carried at market value. As of December 31, 2004, the Company held no marketable securities. As of December 31, 2003, marketable securities of $2.0 million consisted solely of obligations of a U.S. government agency, designated as held-to-maturity securities, reported at amortized cost in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 115, Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities. Such securities matured in February 2004.

 

Receivables from Brokers, Dealers, Clearing Organizations and Clearing Agents

 

Receivables from brokers, dealers, clearing organizations and clearing agents consist primarily of securities borrowed from broker-dealers (see Securities Borrowed and Loaned below). In addition, the Company services some of its securities customer accounts through Bear, Stearns Securities Corp. and its futures and forex customer accounts through R.J. O’Brien & Associates and R.J. O’Brien Foreign Exchange, respectively, on a fully-disclosed basis. These clearing agents provide services, handle TradeStation Securities’ customers’ funds, hold securities, futures and forex positions, and remit monthly activity statements to the customers on behalf of TradeStation Securities. The receivables from these clearing agents relate primarily to commissions earned by TradeStation Securities for trades executed and/or cleared by the clearing agents on behalf of TradeStation Securities. See “Brokerage Revenues” below and see Note 3 – RECEIVABLES FROM BROKERS, DEALERS, CLEARING ORGANIZATIONS AND CLEARING AGENTS.

 

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Securities Borrowed and Loaned

 

Securities borrowed transactions are recorded at the amount of cash collateral advanced to the lender. Securities borrowed transactions require TradeStation Securities to provide the counterparty with collateral in the form of cash. TradeStation Securities monitors the market value of securities borrowed on a daily basis, and collateral is adjusted as necessary based upon market prices. As of December 31, 2004, securities borrowed are carried at market value and are included in receivables from brokers, dealers, clearing organizations and clearing agents. TradeStation Securities does not lend securities to other broker-dealers.

 

Receivables from Brokerage Customers, Net

 

TradeStation Securities performs periodic credit evaluations and provides allowances for potential credit losses based upon their assessment of specifically identified unsecured receivables and other factors. Allowance for potential credit losses was $209,000 at December 31, 2004. There was no allowance for potential credit losses at December 31, 2003. See Note 4 – RECEIVABLES FROM BROKERAGE CUSTOMERS, NET.

 

Property and Equipment

 

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Property and equipment are depreciated or amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense when incurred; betterments are capitalized. Upon the sale or retirement of assets, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and any gain or loss is recognized currently. See Note 5 - PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET.

 

Exchange Memberships

 

Exchange memberships, included in other assets, are recorded at cost and evaluated for impairment as circumstances may warrant. See Impairment of Long-Lived Assets, below.

 

Intangible Assets

 

Intangible assets, included in other assets, are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives of three to five years. See Impairment of Long-Lived Assets, below.

 

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

 

The Company evaluates long-lived assets for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Impairment losses are recognized if the carrying amount exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets. The amount of impairment loss is calculated as the amount by which the carrying value exceeds fair value. No impairment occurred during the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 or 2002.

 

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Related-Party Loans

 

Certain directors and executive officers of the Company maintain margin accounts with TradeStation Securities. There were no margin loans to directors or executive officers outstanding as of December 31, 2004 or 2003. Any margin loans made in these accounts are in the ordinary course of TradeStation Securities’ business on terms no more favorable than those available for comparable transactions in other brokerage accounts.

 

Software Development Costs

 

In accordance with SFAS No. 86, Accounting for the Cost of Capitalized Software to be Sold, Leased or Otherwise Marketed, the Company examines its software development costs after technological feasibility has been established to determine the amount of capitalization that is required. Based on the Company’s technology development process, technological feasibility is established upon completion of a working model. The costs that are capitalized are amortized over the period of benefit of the related products. For the periods presented, the technological feasibility of the Company’s products and the general release of such software substantially coincide, and, as a result, there were no capitalized software development costs at December 31, 2004 or 2003.

 

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

 

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents; cash and investments segregated in compliance with federal regulations; marketable securities; receivables from brokers, dealers, clearing organizations and clearing agents; receivables from brokerage customers; deposits with clearing organizations and clearing agents; payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations; payables to brokerage customers and accounts payable approximate fair value as of December 31, 2004 and 2003.

 

Securities and Futures Transactions

 

Customer securities transactions are recorded on a settlement date basis with such transactions generally settling three business days after the trade date. Revenues and expenses related to securities transactions are recorded on a trade date basis (see Net Brokerage Revenues below). Securities owned by customers, including those that collateralize margin loans or similar transactions, are not reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

 

Customer futures and forex transactions and related revenues and expenses are recorded on a trade date basis (see Net Brokerage Revenues below). Futures and forex positions owned by customers are not reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

 

Net Brokerage Revenues

 

Net brokerage revenues are comprised mainly of commission income for securities, futures and forex transactions and, to a lesser extent, monthly platform fees earned from brokerage customers using the TradeStation online trading platform, interest earned and paid from self clearing operations and interest revenue sharing arrangements with clearing agent firms. Brokerage commission income and related clearing costs are recorded on a trade date basis as transactions occur. Platform fees are recorded on an accrual basis as monthly services are provided. Interest revenue and interest expense is recorded on an accrual basis as interest is earned or incurred.

 

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Subscription Fees

 

Through its subscription services, the Company provides investment analysis trading tools, including streaming real-time market information, via the Internet in exchange for monthly subscription fee payments. In addition to these services, payment of subscription fees gives customers access to certain customer support services such as telephone and electronic mail support. Revenue is recognized on a monthly basis as the service is provided. Payments received in advance of service are deferred and recognized on a monthly basis as service is provided.

 

Other Revenues

 

Other revenues are comprised mainly of royalties. The Company has, with respect to its customer software products, entered into certain agreements with entities that market and sell financial market data subscriptions. The Company receives monthly payments pursuant to contracts with market data vendors under which the Company had agreed to enable its trading software products to be technically compatible with the vendors’ data services. The Company records these revenues monthly as they are earned, in accordance with the terms of the applicable contracts.

 

Other revenues also include software licensing fees. The Company’s customer software product sales are recognized in accordance with the provisions of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants’ Statement of Position 97-2, Software Revenue Recognition.

 

Advertising Costs

 

Advertising costs are expensed when the initial advertisement takes place, and are included in sales and marketing expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. Advertising costs for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002 were $2.4 million, $1.1 million, and $2.1 million, respectively. There were no advertising costs capitalized as of December 31, 2004 and 2003.

 

Operating Leases

 

Rental payments, free rent, and leasehold and other incentives are generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the life of a lease. Any leasehold improvement is amortized over the shorter of its economic life and the initial lease term. See Note 17 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES – Operating Leases.

 

Stock-Based Compensation

 

In accordance with SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation, in accounting for stock-based transactions with non-employees, the Company records compensation expense in the consolidated statement of income when such equity instruments are issued. No such compensation expense was recorded for the years ended December 31, 2004 or 2003. Such compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2002 was approximately $38,000.

 

As permitted by SFAS No. 123, the Company currently accounts for its stock-based compensation paid to employees using the intrinsic value method in accordance with the recognition and measurement principles of Accounting Principles Board (“APB”) Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees, and related Interpretations. Generally, no stock-based employee compensation cost is reflected in net income, as all options granted under the Company’s plans have an exercise price equal to the fair value of the underlying common stock on the date of grant.

 

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The following table illustrates the effect on net income and earnings per share if the Company had applied the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS No. 123 to stock-based employee compensation.

 

     2004

    2003

    2002

 

Net income, as reported

   $ 14,694,448     $ 11,624,239     $ 1,764,151  

Deduct: Total stock-based employee compensation expense determined under the fair value based method for all awards, net of income taxes

     (1,134,418 )     (1,807,083 )     (1,947,348 )
    


 


 


Pro forma net income (loss)

   $ 13,560,030     $ 9,817,156     $ (183,197 )
    


 


 


Earnings (loss) per share:

                        

As reported:

                        

Basic

   $ 0.35     $ 0.29     $ 0.04  
    


 


 


Diluted

   $ 0.33     $ 0.27     $ 0.04  
    


 


 


Pro forma:

                        

Basic

   $ 0.33     $ 0.24     $ 0.00  
    


 


 


Diluted

   $ 0.31     $ 0.23     $ 0.00  
    


 


 


 

The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes model with the following assumptions:

 

     2004

    2003

    2002

 

Risk free interest rate

   3 %   2 %   4 %

Dividend yield

   —       —       —    

Volatility factor

   63 %   68 %   66 %

Weighted average life (years)

   4     4     4  

 

See Recently Issued Accounting Standards (below) and Note 11 – SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY – Stock Option Plans.

 

Income Taxes

 

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with SFAS No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes. SFAS No. 109 requires that deferred income tax balances be recognized based on the differences between the financial statement and income tax bases of assets and liabilities using the enacted tax rates. See Note 12 - INCOME TAXES.

 

Earnings Per Share

 

Earnings per share is calculated in accordance with SFAS No. 128, Earnings per Share, which requires presentation of basic and diluted earnings per share. Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the net income available to common shareholders by the weighted average shares of outstanding common stock during the period. The calculation of diluted earnings per share is similar to basic earnings per share except that the denominator includes dilutive common stock equivalents such as stock options and warrants. See Note 14 – EARNINGS PER SHARE.

 

Comprehensive Income

 

Comprehensive income is defined as the change in a business enterprise’s equity during a period arising from transactions, events or circumstances relating to non-owner sources, such as

 

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unrealized holding gains or losses on available-for-sale securities and foreign currency translation adjustments. It includes all changes in equity during a period except those resulting from investments by, or distributions to, owners. See Note 15 – COMPREHENSIVE INCOME.

 

Segment Information

 

Segment information is required to be presented in accordance with SFAS No. 131, Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information. SFAS No. 131 requires segmentation if warranted by management’s approach to the Company’s business and the Company’s internal organization and disclosure of revenue and operating income based upon internal accounting methods. During the three years ended December 31, 2004, management evaluated and operated its business as two segments. See Note 18 - SEGMENT AND RELATED INFORMATION.

 

Reclassifications

 

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.

 

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

 

In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment (“SFAS 123(R)”), which is a revision of SFAS No. 123. SFAS 123(R) supersedes APB Opinion No. 25 and amends SFAS No. 95, Statement of Cash Flows. SFAS 123(R) requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized in the income statement based on their fair values. Pro forma disclosure is no longer an alternative. SFAS 123(R) must be adopted no later than July 1, 2005. Early adoption will be permitted in periods in which financial statements have not yet been issued. The Company expects to adopt SFAS 123(R) on July 1, 2005, but has not yet determined if it will use the modified prospective method or one of the modified-retrospective methods. As permitted by SFAS 123, the Company currently accounts for share-based payments to employees using the intrinsic value method in accordance with the recognition and measurement principles of APB Opinion No. 25, and, as such, generally recognizes no compensation cost for employee stock options, as options granted under the Company’s plans have an exercise price equal to the fair value of the underlying common stock on the date of grant. Accordingly, the adoption of SFAS 123(R)’s fair value method may have a significant impact on the Company’s results of operations, although it will have no impact on its overall financial position. The impact of adoption of SFAS 123(R) cannot be predicted at this time because it will depend on levels of share-based payments granted in the future. However, had the Company adopted SFAS 123(R) in prior periods, the impact of that standard would have approximated the impact of SFAS 123 as described in the disclosure of pro forma net income and earnings per share in Stock-Based Compensation (above). SFAS 123(R) also requires the benefits of tax deductions in excess of recognized compensation cost to be reported as a financing cash flow, rather than as an operating cash flow as required under current literature. This requirement will reduce net operating cash flows and increase net financing cash flows in periods after adoption. While the company cannot estimate what those amounts will be in the future (because they depend on, among other things, when employees exercise stock options), the amount of operating cash flows recognized in 2004 for such excess tax deductions was $3.8 million. In 2003 and 2002, the Company had a full valuation allowance on its deferred income tax assets, and, therefore, no amount was recognized for such excess tax deductions, if any.

 

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(2) SELF-CLEARING OPERATIONS

 

In September 2004, TradeStation Securities commenced self-clearing of equities trades for its active trader client base. Clearing operations include the confirmation, settlement, delivery and receipt of securities and funds and record-keeping functions involved in the processing of securities transactions. As the clearing broker for its equities active trader client base, TradeStation Securities maintains custody and control over the assets in those clients’ accounts and provides the following back office functions: maintaining customer accounts; extending credit in a margin account to the customer; settling stock transactions with the DTCC (and, for options, with the Options Clearing Corporation, when membership is obtained); settling commissions and clearing fees; preparing customer trade confirmations and statements; performing designated cashier functions, including the delivery and receipt of funds and securities to or from the customer; possession or control of customer securities, safeguarding customer funds, transmitting tax accounting information to the customer and to the applicable tax authorities; and forwarding prospectuses, proxies and other shareholder information to customers.

 

TradeStation Securities makes margin loans to customers which are collateralized by customer securities. “Margin” requirements determine the amount of equity required to be held in an account for a purchase of equities on credit. Margin lending is subject to the margin rules of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the margin requirements of the NASD, DTCC rules and requirements, limits imposed by clearing agent firms, and TradeStation Securities’ own internal policies. By permitting customers to purchase and maintain securities positions on margin, TradeStation Securities takes the risk that a market decline will reduce the value of the collateral securing its margin loan to an amount that renders the margin loan unsecured. Under applicable securities laws and regulations, once a margin account has been established, TradeStation Securities is obligated to require from the customer initial margin of no lower than 50% for purchases of securities and then is obligated to require the customer to maintain its equity in the account equal to at least 25% of the value of the securities in the account. However, its current internal requirement is that the customer’s equity not be allowed to fall below 35% of the value of the securities in the account. If it does fall below 35%, TradeStation Securities requires the customer to increase the account’s equity to 35% of the value of the securities in the account (if not, TradeStation Securities will perform closing transactions to bring the customer account above the maintenance requirement). These requirements can be, and often are, raised as TradeStation Securities deems necessary for certain accounts, groups of accounts, securities or groups of securities. However, there is no assurance that a customer will be willing or able to satisfy a margin call or pay unsecured indebtedness owed to TradeStation Securities.

 

In September 2004, upon commencement of self-clearing of equities trades, TradeStation Securities changed its calculation of net capital requirements to the “alternative method,” which requires the maintenance of minimum net capital, as defined by applicable rules, equal to the greater of (i) $250,000 and (ii) 2.0% of aggregate customer debit balances. For further discussion, see Note 16 – NET CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS. In addition to increased net capital requirements, as a self-clearing broker-dealer TradeStation Securities is subject to clearing organization, omnibus clearing agent and other cash deposit requirements which are and may continue to be large in relation to the Company’s total liquid assets, and which may fluctuate significantly from time to time based upon the nature and size of TradeStation Securities’ active trader clients’ trading activity. When TradeStation Securities’ membership

 

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application with the Options Clearing Corporation is approved, and TradeStation Securities then moves from omnibus to full self-clearing of standardized equity option trades, additional fluctuations and adjustments in cash deposits are expected.

 

(3) RECEIVABLES FROM BROKERS, DEALERS, CLEARING ORGANIZATIONS AND CLEARING AGENTS

 

Amounts receivable from brokers, dealers, clearing organizations and clearing agents consist of the following as of December 31, 2004 and 2003:

 

     2004

   2003

Securities borrowed from broker-dealers

   $ 18,614,800    $ —  

Fees and commissions receivable from clearing agents

     699,607      526,832

Securities failed to deliver to broker-dealers and other

     89,695      —  
    

  

     $ 19,404,102    $ 526,832
    

  

 

TradeStation Securities services its institutional equities accounts through Bear, Stearns Securities Corp. and its futures and forex customer accounts through R.J. O’Brien & Associates and R.J. O’Brien Foreign Exchange, respectively, on a fully-disclosed basis. These clearing agents provide services, handle TradeStation Securities’ customers’ funds, hold securities, futures and forex positions and remit monthly activity statements to the customers on behalf of TradeStation Securities.

 

(4) RECEIVABLES FROM BROKERAGE CUSTOMERS, NET

 

Receivables from brokerage customers, net, consist primarily of margin loans to TradeStation Securities’ brokerage customers of $57.0 million (net of a $209,000 allowance for a potential credit loss) at December 31, 2004. Securities owned by brokerage customers are held as collateral for margin loans. Such collateral is not reflected in the consolidated financial statements. At December 31, 2004, TradeStation Securities was charging a base margin debit interest rate of 6.375% per annum on debit balances in brokerage customer accounts. There were no receivables from brokerage customers at December 31, 2003.

 

TradeStation Securities became obligated to satisfy credit extended by one of its clearing agent firms to one of its customers in a margin transaction when the customer’s collateral was not sufficient to fully cover losses that the customer incurred following a sudden, adverse price movement in a stock in which the brokerage client held a concentrated short position. The customer has made, and continues to make, partial payments on the amount owed. As of December 31, 2004, the remaining balance was $130,000, which was reduced to $80,000 shortly thereafter. The Company has not established an allowance for the remaining portion of this receivable as it believes the entire amount is collectible. In September 2004, after TradeStation Securities began its equities self-clearing operations, a sudden, adverse price movement in a stock for which a brokerage client account held a concentrated short position resulted in an unsecured net debit in that account of approximately $207,000 (subsequent interest charges have been recorded). TradeStation Securities has filed an NASD arbitration demand to try to collect this unsecured debit, but no assurance can be given that any of this unsecured debit will be collected. At December 31, 2004, a full allowance has been established for this unsecured debit. See Note 17 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES – General Contingencies and Guarantees.

 

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(5) PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET

 

Property and equipment, net, consist of the following as of December 31, 2004 and 2003:

 

     Estimated Useful
Life In Years


   2004

    2003

 

Computers and software

   3-5    $ 10,351,386     $ 9,941,790  

Furniture and equipment

   3-7      2,620,092       1,670,166  

Leasehold improvements

   8-10      658,763       647,396  
         


 


            13,630,241       12,259,352  

Accumulated depreciation and amortization

          (10,555,055 )     (8,630,579 )
         


 


          $ 3,075,186     $ 3,628,773  
         


 


 

Depreciation and amortization expense that related to property and equipment, including equipment under capital leases, was approximately $1.9 million, $2.1 million and $2.0 million, for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.

 

(6) DEPOSITS WITH CLEARING ORGANIZATIONS AND CLEARING AGENTS

 

As a self-clearing broker-dealer, TradeStation Securities is subject to clearing organization, omnibus clearing agent and other cash deposit requirements which are, and may continue to be, large in relation to the Company’s total liquid assets, and which may fluctuate significantly from time to time based upon the nature and size of TradeStation Securities’ active trader clients’ trading activity. As of December 31, 2004, TradeStation Securities had interest-bearing security deposits totaling $14.5 million with clearing organizations and clearing agents for the self-clearing of stock trades and the omnibus clearing of standardized equity option trades. Deposits are recorded at market value.

 

(7) OTHER ASSETS

 

Other assets consist of the following as of December 31, 2004 and 2003:

 

     2004

   2003

Prepaid expenses

   $ 1,000,542    $ 265,744

Accrued investment income

     671,312      —  

Exchange memberships

     455,000      40,000

Other receivables

     427,839      402,517

Other

     141,303      122,124
    

  

     $ 2,695,996    $ 830,385
    

  

 

(8) PAYABLES TO BROKERS, DEALERS AND CLEARING ORGANIZATIONS

 

Amounts payable to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations consist of the following as of December 31, 2004 and 2003:

 

     2004

   2003

Payables to clearing organizations for unsettled trades

   $ 2,850,402    $ —  

Securities failed to receive from broker-dealers

     124,303      —  

Payables to clearing organizations for fees

     115,245      —  

Introducing broker-dealer deposits and commissions

     —        558,780
    

  

     $ 3,089,950    $ 558,780
    

  

 

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(9) PAYABLES TO BROKERAGE CUSTOMERS

 

As of December 31, 2004, payables to brokerage customers consist primarily of cash balances in brokerage customer accounts. At December 31, 2004, payables to customers totaled $420.7 million. These funds are the principal source of funding for margin lending. At December 31, 2004, TradeStation Securities was paying interest at a rate of 0.75% per annum on cash balances in excess of $10,000 in brokerage customer accounts. As of December 31, 2003, payables to brokerage customers were comprised of customer credits and deposits.

 

(10) ACCRUED EXPENSES

 

Accrued expenses consist of the following as of December 31, 2004 and 2003:

 

     2004

   2003

Payroll and related accruals

   $ 1,285,115    $ 953,844

Deferred rent and related concessions

     900,082      861,789

Data and exchange fees

     725,843      753,638

Consulting and professional fees

     454,714      465,132

Estimated loss on sublease of facilities

     320,489      512,888

Uninsured loss reserves

     25,000      525,000

Other

     635,378      1,057,424
    

  

     $ 4,346,621    $ 5,129,715
    

  

 

“Other” includes accrued returns, accrued property taxes and other accrued expenses and reserves, none of which individually exceeds 5% of total liabilities.

 

(11) SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

 

Preferred Stock

 

The Company has authorized 25 million shares of preferred stock with a par value of $.01 per share. No specific preferences or rights have been established to date with respect to any of these shares, nor have any of these shares been issued.

 

Common Stock

 

The Company has authorized 200 million shares of common stock with a par value of $.01 per share. As of December 31, 2004 and 2003, 41,857,654 and 41,446,436 shares, respectively, were issued and outstanding.

 

In July 2002, the Company announced a stock repurchase program authorizing, at the discretion of management, the use of available cash to purchase from time to time up to 4 million shares of the Company’s common stock in the open market or through privately-negotiated transactions. Through October 2002, the Company had purchased and retired all 4 million shares at prices ranging from $1.35 to $1.40 per share, for a total purchase price of $5.5 million. This included two private transactions with a former principal shareholder of onlinetradinginc.com corp. for the purchase of 1.5 million shares at a price of $1.35 per share and 2.4 million shares at a price of $1.40 per share.

 

In November 2002, the Company purchased and retired an additional one million shares at a price of $1.35 per share in a private transaction with another former principal shareholder of onlinetradinginc.com corp., bringing the total shares of common stock purchased and retired for the year to 5 million, for a total purchase price of $6.9 million.

 

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During the third quarter of 2003, former principal shareholders of onlinetradinginc.com corp. filed lawsuits seeking rescission of the share purchases and/or compensatory damages, plus interest, costs and attorneys’ fees. All three cases are in the discovery phase of litigation, and the Company continues to believe all of the claims in all three cases are baseless. See Note 17 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES - Litigation and Claims for further discussion.

 

Warrants

 

In connection with TradeStation Securities’ initial public offering, warrants to purchase up to 225,000 shares of TradeStation Securities’ common stock, at an exercise price of $11.55, were granted to the underwriters, with an expiration date of June 9, 2004. The Company assumed such warrants in connection with the merger and, based on the 1.7172 to 1 merger conversion ratio, the underwriters were granted rights to purchase up to 386,369 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $6.73. In July 2003, the Company filed a registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission to register the warrants and the 386,369 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of such warrants, which registration statement was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 13, 2003. During the second half of 2003, the Company issued 196,807 shares of common stock associated with the exercise of warrants in exchange for net cash proceeds of $914,000 and the delivery and cancellation of 123,027 warrants. During the first half of 2004, the Company issued 1,851 shares of common stock associated with the exercise of warrants in exchange for the delivery and cancellation of 4,108 warrants. All unexercised warrants expired in June 2004.

 

Stock Option Plans

 

The Company has reserved 7,500,000 shares of its common stock for issuance under the TradeStation Group Incentive Stock Plan (the “Incentive Stock Plan”). Under the Incentive Stock Plan, incentive and nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, stock awards, performance shares and performance units are available to employees or consultants. Currently, only stock options have been granted. The terms of each option agreement are determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. The exercise price of incentive stock options may not be less than fair value at the date of grant and their terms may not exceed ten years.

 

In connection with the 2000 merger of TradeStation Technologies (formerly known as Omega Research, Inc.) and TradeStation Securities (formerly known as onlinetradinginc.com corp.), the Company assumed the outstanding options under TradeStation Securities’ 1999 Stock Option Plan. Each option issued under TradeStation Securities’ plan was assumed and converted to 1.7172 options to purchase the Company’s common stock at the original exercise price divided by 1.7172.

 

As part of the 1999 acquisition of Window on WallStreet, the Company assumed all outstanding stock options to purchase Window On WallStreet common stock (“WOW Options”). The WOW Options generally vested ratably over a four-year period and their terms are ten years.

 

The Company has reserved 350,000 shares of its common stock for issuance under the TradeStation Group Amended and Restated Nonemployee Director Stock Option Plan (the

 

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“Director Plan”). Under the Director Plan, an independent director is awarded an initial grant of up to 75,000 non-qualified stock options and annual grants of up to 7,000 non-qualified stock options. The terms of each option grant are determined by the Board of Directors.

 

A summary of all stock option activity is as follows:

 

    

Number

of Shares


    Option Price Per Share

       Low

   High

   Weighted

Outstanding, December 31, 2001

   5,744,666     $ .48    $ 11.00    $ 3.49

Granted

   1,909,287       1.12      1.47      1.43

Canceled

   (1,062,495 )     1.25      11.00      3.36
    

                   

Outstanding, December 31, 2002

   6,591,458       .48      11.00      2.92

Granted

   805,053       2.08      9.09      8.66

Canceled

   (284,957 )     1.39      11.00      3.90

Exercised

   (1,622,641 )     .48      11.00      2.87
    

                   

Outstanding, December 31, 2003

   5,488,913       .48      11.00      3.72

Granted

   62,500       5.77      10.37      6.92

Canceled

   (261,694 )     1.12      11.00      4.01

Exercised

   (385,356 )     .48      6.63      2.44
    

                   

Outstanding, December 31, 2004

   4,904,363       1.12      11.00      3.85
    

                   

 

Additional information regarding options outstanding at December 31, 2004, is as follows:

 

Range of

Exercise

Prices


  Options Outstanding

  Options Exercisable

 

Number

Outstanding

As of

12/31/04


 

Weighted

Average

Contractual
Life in Years


 

Weighted

Average

Exercise

Price


 

Number

Exercisable

As of

12/31/04


 

Weighted

Average

Exercise

Price


Low

  High

         
$ 1.12   $ 1.66   1,973,947   5.8   $ 1.44   1,097,107   $ 1.45
  1.90     2.82   769,335   5.8     2.26   398,606     2.31
  2.85     4.22   553,376   3.7     3.26   507,475     3.27
  4.53     6.63   528,300   5.0     5.68   442,276     5.54
  6.95     10.37   1,062,405   7.5     8.75   466,002     8.44
  11.00     11.00   17,000   2.6     11.00   17,000     11.00
           
           
     
  1.12     11.00   4,904,363   5.8     3.85   2,928,466     3.67
           
           
     

 

At December 31, 2004, there were approximately 925,000 shares available for future grants under the Incentive Stock Plan, and 162,000 shares available for future grants under the Director Plan.

 

On January 3, 2005, the Company issued options to purchase an aggregate of approximately 526,000 shares of common stock. Such options vest ratably in annual increments over a five-year period and are exercisable at $7.11 per share, which was the fair market value (as defined in the Incentive Stock Plan) of the Company’s common stock on the date the options were granted. All of the options were granted under the Incentive Stock Plan in the ordinary course, and expire, if they remain unexercised, on the tenth anniversary of the date on which they were granted.

 

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Employee Stock Purchase Plan

 

The Company has reserved 500,000 shares of common stock for issuance under the TradeStation Group Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “Purchase Plan”). Under the Purchase Plan, participating employees may purchase common stock through accumulated payroll deductions. The exercise price for the options for each six-month Purchase Plan period is 85% of the lower of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the first and last business day of the Purchase Plan period. During the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, 24,011, 37,976 and 41,565 shares of common stock were issued under the plan at an average price of $6.04, $3.26 and $1.03, respectively. At December 31, 2004, there were approximately 280,000 shares available for future grants under the Purchase Plan.

 

(12) INCOME TAXES

 

The components of income tax provision (benefit) for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003, and 2002, are as follows:

 

     2004

    2003

    2002

Current income tax provision (benefit):

                      

Federal

   $ 228,013     $ (725,085 )   $ —  

State

     38,792       (5,736 )     3,605
    


 


 

       266,805       (730,821 )     3,605
    


 


 

Deferred income tax provision (benefit):

                      

Federal

     440,246       —         —  

State

     (588,707 )     —         —  
    


 


 

       (148,461 )     —         —  
    


 


 

Total income tax provision (benefit)

   $ 118,344     $ (730,821 )   $ 3,605
    


 


 

 

Deferred income taxes are recorded when revenues and expenses are recognized in different periods for financial and income tax reporting purposes. The temporary differences that created deferred income taxes are as follows as of December 31, 2004 and 2003:

 

     2004

    2003

 

Deferred income tax assets (liabilities):

                

Net operating loss carryforwards

   $ 1,478,553     $ 3,352,068  

Tax credit carryforwards

     1,225,038       1,138,662  

Tax benefit of stock option exercises (recorded through additional paid-in capital)

     1,130,105       3,175,309  

Deferred revenue and accrued liabilities

     609,772       984,920  

Stock option expense

     141,539       145,557  

Reserves and allowances

     110,153       32,369  

Difference in revenue recognition and other

     82,526       41,422  
    


 


Subtotal deferred income tax assets

     4,777,686       8,870,307  

Property and equipment depreciation

     (39,470 )     (238,694 )
    


 


       4,738,216       8,631,613  

Valuation allowance

     (926,500 )     (8,631,613 )
    


 


Total deferred income tax assets, net

   $ 3,811,716     $ —    
    


 


 

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The following is a rollforward of the valuation allowance for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003, and 2002:

 

Valuation allowance at December 31, 2001

   $ 12,577,873  

Decrease in deferred income tax assets

     (1,825,659 )
    


Valuation allowance at December 31, 2002

     10,752,214  

Deferred income tax assets applied to carryback filing (cash received October 2003)

     (873,949 )

Decrease in deferred income tax assets

     (4,421,961 )

Deferred income tax assets generated by stock option exercises (recorded through additional paid-in capital)

     3,175,309  
    


Valuation allowance at December 31, 2003

     8,631,613  

Increase in deferred income tax assets

     770,338  

Decrease in deferred income tax assets generated by stock option exercises (recorded through additional paid-in capital)

     (44,155 )

Reversal of valuation allowance

     (5,300,142 )

Reversal of valuation allowance (recorded through additional paid-in capital)

     (3,131,154 )
    


Valuation allowance at December 31, 2004

   $ 926,500  
    


 

In June 2004, the Company reversed a significant portion of the valuation allowance that was provided on its deferred income tax assets. In the opinion of management, it was more likely than not that these benefits would be realized. In accordance with SFAS No. 109, deferred income tax assets should be reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred income tax assets will not be realized. Management evaluates and determines, on a periodic basis, the amount of the valuation allowance required and adjusts the valuation allowance, as needed. The decision to reverse a significant portion of the valuation allowance was triggered primarily by TradeStation Securities receiving final approval of the DTCC to begin self-clearing for equities, the rollout of TradeStation 8 (which included integrated options execution), as well as eight consecutive quarters of income from operations. The Company did not reverse the remaining valuation allowance as the acquired net operating loss carryforwards (expiring in 2018 and 2019) are subject to annual usage limitations. The portion of the valuation allowance which was not reversed represents the last five years of the annual limitation amount due to the inability to estimate taxable income that far into the future. Management will continue to make periodic evaluations of the valuation allowance and will determine periodic adjustments, as required.

 

As of December 31, 2004, for federal income tax purposes, the Company had available total net operating loss carryforwards and income tax credit carryforwards of approximately $6.1 million and $983,000, respectively (expiring between 2018 and 2024). These amounts includes $3.6 million of net operating loss carryforwards and $124,000 of income tax credits (expiring between 2010 and 2019) that relate to a 1999 acquisition, and are subject to annual usage limitations of approximately $545,000. These limitations are cumulative to the extent they are not utilized in any year. Additionally, the Company has available approximately $242,000 of corporate income tax credits for current year minimum federal income tax liability, which can be carried forward indefinitely. For Florida state income tax purposes, the Company has available net operating loss carryforwards estimated at $14.4 million (expiring in 2020 through 2023).

 

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The change in the valuation allowance in 2004 includes an increase of approximately $770,000 relating to adjustments made to the deferred income tax assets and valuation allowance in connection with the filing of the 2003 income tax returns. The change in the valuation allowance in 2003 and 2002 includes decreases of approximately $380,000 and $952,000, respectively, relating to adjustments made to the deferred income tax assets and valuation allowance in connection with the filing of the 2002 and 2001 income tax returns.

 

A reconciliation of the difference between the expected income tax provision using the statutory federal tax rate of 34% and the Company’s actual income tax provision (benefit) is as follows:

 

     2004

    2003

    2002

 

Income tax provision using statutory federal tax rate

   $ 5,036,349     $ 3,703,762     $ 601,037  

State income tax provision before change in valuation allowance

     755,393       612,477       147,000  

Change in valuation allowance

     (5,300,142 )     (4,041,592 )     (873,546 )

Federal and state refunds received

     (17,208 )     (900,854 )     —    

Other, net

     (356,048 )     (104,614 )     129,114  
    


 


 


Total income tax provision (benefit)

   $ 118,344     $ (730,821 )   $ 3,605  
    


 


 


 

(13) EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

 

The Company provides retirement benefits through a defined contribution 401(k) plan (the “401(k) Plan”) established during 1994. All employees with at least three months of continuous service are eligible to participate and may contribute up to 60% of their compensation up to the annual limit set by the Internal Revenue Service. Employer matching contributions are discretionary, as defined in the 401(k) Plan, and are vested 20% for each year of service. Matching contributions accrued under this plan were approximately $227,000, $210,000 and $265,000 for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.

 

(14) EARNINGS PER SHARE

 

Weighted average shares outstanding for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002 are calculated as follows:

 

     2004

   2003

   2002

Weighted average shares outstanding (basic)

   41,657,981    40,467,309    43,328,103

Impact of dilutive stock options and warrants after applying the treasury stock method

   2,658,886    2,922,899    58,147
    
  
  

Weighted average shares outstanding (diluted)

   44,316,867    43,390,208    43,386,250
    
  
  

 

Stock options and warrants outstanding for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, which were not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share because their exercise prices exceeded the average market price of the common stock during the period are as follows:

 

     2004

   2003

   2002

Stock options

   792,553    759,208    6,011,768
    
  
  

Warrants

   —      —      386,369
    
  
  

 

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During the year ended December 31, 2002, the Company purchased and retired 5 million shares of common stock. These shares are weighted for the portion of the year for which they were outstanding. See Note 11 – SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY – Common Stock.

 

(15) COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

 

A reconciliation of net income to comprehensive income is as follows:

 

     2004

   2003

    2002

 

Net income

   $ 14,694,448    $ 11,624,239     $ 1,764,151  

Unrealized holding losses on available-for-sale securities arising during period, net of tax

     —        (19,423 )     (35,400 )

Reclassification adjustment for loss on available-for-sale securities included in net income, net of tax

     —        54,823       —    
    

  


 


Comprehensive income

   $ 14,694,448    $ 11,659,639     $ 1,728,751  
    

  


 


 

In June 2003, the Company recorded a loss of approximately $55,000 when it sold an investment in corporate stock, classified as an available-for-sale security, at market value. Prior to the sale of such investment, temporary unrealized holding gains and losses were excluded from earnings and reported in comprehensive income.

 

(16) NET CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS

 

TradeStation Securities is subject to the net capital requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission’s Uniform Net Capital Rule (Rule 15c3-1) and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission’s financial requirement (Regulation 1.17). In September 2004, upon commencement of self-clearing of equities trades, TradeStation Securities changed its calculation of net capital requirements to the “alternative method,” which requires the maintenance of minimum net capital, as defined by the rules, equal to the greater of (i) $250,000 and (ii) 2.0% of aggregate customer debit balances. Customer debit items are a function of customer margin receivables and may fluctuate significantly, resulting in a significant fluctuation in our net capital requirements. At December 31, 2004, TradeStation Securities had net capital of approximately $23.6 million (27.0% of aggregate debit items), which was approximately $21.8 million in excess of its required net capital of approximately $1.7 million.

 

Prior to the commencement of self-clearing operations, TradeStation Securities was required to maintain net capital, as defined, equal to the greater of (i) $250,000 and (ii) 1/15th of aggregate indebtedness. Also, the ratio of aggregate indebtedness to net capital could not exceed 15 to 1. As of December 31, 2003, TradeStation Securities had net capital of $11.3 million, which was $10.9 million in excess of its required net capital of $415,000, and a ratio of aggregate indebtedness to net capital of 0.55 to 1.

 

(17) COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

 

Restricted Cash

 

As of December 31, 2004, the Company has $1.9 million of restricted cash supporting a ten-year lease agreement for its corporate headquarters.

 

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Operating Leases

 

The Company has a ten-year lease expiring in August 2012 (with two 5-year renewal options) that commenced in the summer of 2002 for an approximately 70,000 square foot corporate headquarters in Plantation, Florida. Rent escalations, free rent, and leasehold and other incentives are recognized on a straight-line basis over the initial term of this lease.

 

In addition to its corporate headquarters, the Company has five non-cancelable operating leases for facilities (including 3 data centers) with expirations ranging from May 2005 to July 2007. In addition to the leases for facilities, the Company leases certain office equipment and furniture. Future minimum lease payments as of December 31, 2004, under all operating leases are as follows:

 

    

Gross

Payments


  

Sublease

Rentals


   

Net

Payments


2005

   $ 2,794,542    $ (257,293 )   $ 2,537,249

2006

     2,545,125      (264,689 )     2,280,436

2007

     1,992,970      (45,163 )     1,947,807

2008

     1,882,503      —         1,882,503

2009

     1,918,912      —         1,918,912

Thereafter

     5,298,986      —         5,298,986
    

  


 

     $ 16,433,038    $ (567,145 )   $ 15,865,893
    

  


 

 

Total rent expense for 2004, 2003 and 2002 was approximately $3.6 million, $3.1 million and $3.6 million, respectively. In addition, beginning in 2001, with adjustments continuing through 2003, the Company recorded charges for future rental payments related to facilities, net of subleases, which the Company no longer occupies.

 

Purchase Obligations

 

As of December 31, 2004, the Company had various purchase obligations through September 2007 of approximately $1.9 million, $1.0 million and $490,000 during 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively, related primarily to back office systems and telecommunications services.

 

Insurance Claim

 

In June 2001, the Company made a claim of $2.7 million with its insurance carrier relating to a trading error made with respect to a client’s account. In December 2001, the insurance company denied this claim and, accordingly, the receivable recorded in the consolidated balance sheet was fully reserved as of December 31, 2001. On July 25, 2002, the Company entered into an agreement to settle this claim for $1.25 million, payment of which was received in August 2002.

 

Litigation and Claims

 

On September 5, 2003, Datamize, Inc., a Wyoming corporation, filed an Original Complaint for Patent Infringement against nine defendants, including TradeStation Securities, all of whom offer online securities trading services. The other defendants named were Fidelity Brokerage Services, Scottrade, Interactive Brokers Group, Instinet, Charles Schwab, CyberTrader, E*Trade Securities and Terra Nova Trading. The complaint was filed in the United States District Court, Eastern District of Texas. The complaint alleged that the online trading platforms and services the defendants offer to their customers infringes United States Patent No. 6,460,040 issued to

 

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Datamize on October 1, 2002. In December 2004, all claims against TradeStation Securities were settled by a settlement and license agreement between TradeStation Securities and Datamize for a lump-sum royalty payment which covers all uses since patent issuance and for the remaining years of the patents in question. The amount of the royalty attributable to the 2004 fourth quarter was not, and the amount attributable to any future period will not be, material to the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

 

Three lawsuits have been filed by former principal owners of onlinetradinginc.com corp. (the predecessor of TradeStation Securities) against the Company, certain of its directors and executive officers and certain family partnerships owned by two of the executive officers. On July 25, 2003, Benedict S. Gambino, from whom the Company, as of October 18, 2002, purchased 2,417,000 shares of its common stock in a private transaction, filed a lawsuit against the Company and three of its executive officers, William R. Cruz, Ralph L. Cruz and Marc J. Stone, in the Circuit Court of Broward County, State of Florida. This lawsuit’s allegations include violation of the Florida Securities and Investor Protection Act, common law fraud, negligent misrepresentation, breach of fiduciary duty and breach of contract. On August 18, 2003, Andrew A. Allen Family Limited Partnership (owned and controlled by Andrew A. Allen), from whom the Company, as of November 26, 2002, purchased 1,000,000 shares of its common stock in a private transaction, filed a lawsuit against the same defendants in the same court. This lawsuit’s allegations include violation of the Florida Securities and Investor Protection Act, common law fraud, breach of fiduciary duty, negligent misrepresentation and fraudulent inducement. On August 28, 2003, Farshid Tafazzoli and E. Steven zum Tobel filed a lawsuit against the Company, the Cruzes, family partnerships owned and controlled by the Cruzes, Mr. Stone, Charles Wright and David Fleischman in the Circuit Court of Miami-Dade County, State of Florida. Mr. Tafazzoli’s claims relate to his family partnership’s sale, as of May 1, 2002, of 3,000,000 shares of Company common stock to family partnerships owned by William and Ralph Cruz, and Mr. zum Tobel’s claims relate to his family partnership’s sale, as of May 3, 2002, of 133,942 shares of Company common stock to Charles Wright. This lawsuit’s allegations include violation of the Florida Securities and Investor Protection Act, common law fraud and breach of fiduciary duty. Each of the three lawsuits seeks rescission of the share purchases and/or compensatory damages, plus interest, costs and attorneys’ fees. All three cases are in the discovery phase of litigation, and the Company continues to believe all of the claims in all three cases are baseless.

 

TradeStation Securities is also engaged in routine litigation or other dispute resolution proceedings, such as arbitration, incidental to, and part of the ordinary course of, its business (three claims in pending arbitrations seek, in the aggregate, tens of millions of dollars of actual and punitive damages).

 

While no assurances can be given, the Company does not believe that the ultimate outcome of any of the above legal matters or claims will result in a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

 

The Company decided, as of June 1, 2002, to no longer carry errors or omissions insurance that covers third-party claims made by brokerage customers or software subscribers as a result of alleged human or system errors, failures, acts or omissions. This decision was made based upon the Company’s assessment of the potential risks and benefits, including significant increases in premium rates, deductibles and coinsurance amounts, reductions in available per occurrence and aggregate coverage amounts, and the unavailability of policies that sufficiently cover the types of risks that relate to the Company’s business.

 

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General Contingencies and Guarantees

 

In the ordinary course of business, there are various contingencies which are not reflected in the consolidated financial statements. These include customer activities involving the execution, settlement and financing of various customer securities and futures transactions. These activities may expose the Company to off-balance-sheet credit risk in the event the customers are unable to fulfill their contractual obligations.

 

In margin transactions, TradeStation Securities may be obligated for credit extended to its customers by TradeStation Securities or its clearing agents that is collateralized by cash and securities in the customers’ accounts. In connection with securities activities, TradeStation Securities also executes customer transactions involving the sale of securities not yet purchased (“short sales”), all of which are transacted on a margin basis subject to federal, self-regulatory organization and individual exchange regulations and TradeStation Securities’ internal policies. Additionally, TradeStation Securities may be obligated for credit extended to its customers by its clearing agents for futures transactions that are collateralized by cash and futures positions in the customers’ accounts. In all cases, such transactions may expose TradeStation Securities to significant off-balance-sheet credit risk in the event customer collateral is not sufficient to fully cover losses that customers may incur. In the event customers fail to satisfy their obligations, TradeStation Securities may be required to purchase or sell financial instruments at prevailing market prices to fulfill the customers’ obligations.

 

TradeStation Securities seeks to control the risks associated with its customers’ activities by requiring customers to maintain collateral in their margin accounts in compliance with various regulatory requirements, internal requirements, and the requirements of clearing agents. TradeStation Securities and its clearing agents monitor required margin levels on an intra-day basis and, pursuant to such guidelines, require the customers to deposit additional collateral or to reduce positions when necessary. For further discussion, see Note 2 – SELF-CLEARING OPERATIONS.

 

TradeStation Securities borrows securities temporarily from other broker-dealers in connection with its broker-dealer business. TradeStation Securities deposits cash as collateral for the securities borrowed. Decreases in securities prices may cause the market value of the securities borrowed to fall below the amount of cash deposited as collateral. In the event the counterparty to these transactions does not return the cash deposited, TradeStation Securities may be exposed to the risk of selling the securities at prevailing market prices. TradeStation Securities seeks to control this risk by requiring credit approvals for counterparties, by monitoring the collateral values on a daily basis, and by requiring additional collateral as needed.

 

The customers’ financing and securities settlement activities may require TradeStation Securities and its clearing agents to pledge customer securities as collateral in support of various secured financing sources which may include bank loans. In the event the counterparty is unable to meet its contractual obligation to return customer securities pledged as collateral, TradeStation Securities may be exposed to the risk of needing to acquire the securities at prevailing market prices in order to satisfy its obligations. TradeStation Securities seeks to control this risk by monitoring the market value of securities pledged on a daily basis.

 

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TradeStation Securities provides guarantees to its clearing organization and exchanges under their standard membership agreements, which require members to guarantee the performance of other members. Under the agreements, if another member becomes unable to satisfy its obligations to the clearing organization or exchange, other members would be required to meet shortfalls. TradeStation Securities’ liability under these arrangements is not quantifiable and may exceed the cash and securities it has posted as collateral. However, the possibility of the company being required to make payments under these arrangements is remote. Accordingly, no liability has been recorded for these potential events.

 

(18) SEGMENT AND RELATED INFORMATION

 

For the three years ended December 31, 2004, the Company operated in two principal business segments: (i) brokerage services and (ii) software products and services. The Company evaluates the performance of its segments based on revenue and operating income. The brokerage services segment represents the operations of TradeStation Securities and the software products and services segment represents the operations of TradeStation Technologies.

 

     As of or for the Years Ended December 31,

 
     2004

    2003

    2002

 

Net revenues**:

                        

Brokerage services

   $ 61,979,672     $ 51,077,565     $ 38,493,673  

Software products and services

     26,206,384       23,314,133       19,610,988  

Eliminations

     (16,346,000 )     (14,242,375 )     (9,713,550 )
    


 


 


     $ 71,840,056     $ 60,149,323     $ 48,391,111  
    


 


 


Income (loss) from operations:

                        

Brokerage services

   $ 4,845,105     $ 2,510,729     $ (26,014 )

Software products and services

     9,571,561       8,217,125       1,366,707 *
    


 


 


     $ 14,416,666     $ 10,727,854     $ 1,340,693  
    


 


 


Identifiable assets:

                        

Brokerage services

   $ 457,181,965     $ 19,551,368     $ 14,585,643  

Software products and services

     22,493,864       18,449,184       8,032,151  
    


 


 


     $ 479,675,829     $ 38,000,552     $ 22,617,794  
    


 


 


Depreciation and amortization:

                        

Brokerage services

   $ 699,799     $ 640,086     $ 423,383  

Software products and services

     1,279,657       1,616,164       2,430,809  
    


 


 


     $ 1,979,456     $ 2,256,250     $ 2,854,192  
    


 


 


Capital expenditures:

                        

Brokerage services

   $ 282,112     $ 272,916     $ 188,877  

Software products and services

     1,088,779       1,061,774       1,546,711  
    


 


 


     $ 1,370,891     $ 1,334,690     $ 1,735,588  
    


 


 



* Includes a $1.25 million recovery of an insurance claim in 2002.
** Brokerage services derived approximately 12% of its revenues (all in U.S. dollars) from customers living in foreign countries during 2004. Revenues from customers living in foreign countries was less than 10% for all other periods and segments.

 

F-30


Table of Contents

Effective April 2004, TradeStation Securities and TradeStation Technologies amended their intercompany licensing and support agreement and, with the parent company and a presently-inactive subsidiary, entered into an expense-sharing agreement to reflect current business relationships and to comply with applicable regulatory requirements. These changes had no effect on the consolidated results, but did result in an increased allocation of general and administrative expenses to the brokerage services segment, and a corresponding decrease in the software products and services segment, of approximately $428,000 for the year ended December 31, 2004.

 

(19) UNAUDITED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION

 

The following tables summarize selected unaudited quarterly financial data for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2003.

 

     2004

    

First

Quarter


  

Second

Quarter


   

Third

Quarter


  

Fourth

Quarter


  

Full

Year


Revenues

   $ 17,460,728    $ 17,219,148     $ 17,196,458    $ 19,963,722    $ 71,840,056

Income from operations

     3,517,230      2,536,976       2,829,724      5,532,736      14,416,666

Net income

     3,501,404      5,806,270 *     1,832,401      3,554,373      14,694,448

Earnings per share:

                                   

Basic

     0.08      0.14       0.04      0.09      0.35

Diluted

     0.08      0.13       0.04      0.08      0.33

Weighted average shares outstanding:

                                   

Basic

     41,487,110      41,625,992       41,728,054      41,790,770      41,657,981

Diluted

     44,608,484      44,233,907       44,119,043      44,306,032      44,316,867

 

     2003

    

First

Quarter


  

Second

Quarter


  

Third

Quarter


  

Fourth

Quarter


  

Full

Year


Revenues

   $ 13,312,563    $ 14,969,456    $ 16,086,039    $ 15,781,265    $ 60,149,323

Income from operations

     2,154,723      2,171,050      3,426,763      2,975,318      10,727,854

Net income

     2,252,200      2,855,816      3,469,485      3,046,738      11,624,239

Earnings per share:

                                  

Basic

     0.06      0.07      0.08      0.07      0.29

Diluted

     0.06      0.07      0.08      0.07      0.27

Weighted average shares outstanding:

                                  

Basic

     39,593,389      40,092,803      40,863,350      41,319,696      40,467,309

Diluted

     40,597,919      43,588,162      44,746,892      44,627,860      43,390,208

* The second quarter of 2004 includes the reversal of a significant portion of the Company’s valuation allowance on its deferred income tax assets. See Note 12 – INCOME TAXES.

 

F-31


Table of Contents

TRADESTATION GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL SCHEDULE

 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Schedule

   S-2

Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for the Years Ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002

   S-3

 

S-1


Table of Contents

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

The Board of Directors and Shareholders of TradeStation Group, Inc.

 

We have audited the consolidated financial statements of TradeStation Group, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2004 and 2003 and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2004 and have issued our report thereon dated February 14, 2005 (included elsewhere in this Form 10-K). Our audits also included the financial statement schedule of the Company listed in Item 15(a) of this Form 10-K. This schedule is the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion based on our audits. In our opinion, the financial statement schedule referred to above, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein.

 

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Certified Public Accountants

 

Fort Lauderdale, Florida,

    February 14, 2005.

 

S-2


Table of Contents

TRADESTATION GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

SCHEDULE II – VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS

 

     Balance at
Beginning of
Period


   Charged to
Costs and
Expenses
(Income)


    Additions
(Deductions)


    Additional
Paid-In
Capital


   

Balance at
End of

Period


Year ended December 31, 2004:

                                     

Allowance for brokerage customer accounts

   $ 350,000    $ (141,000 )   $ —       $ —       $ 209,000

Deferred tax valuation allowance

     8,631,613      (5,300,142 )     770,338       (3,175,309 )     926,500
    

  


 


 


 

     $ 8,981,613    $ (5,441,142 )   $ 770,338     $ (3,175,309 )   $ 1,135,500
    

  


 


 


 

Year ended December 31, 2003:

                                     

Allowance for brokerage customer accounts

   $ 350,000    $ —       $ —       $ —       $ 350,000

Deferred tax valuation allowance

     10,752,214      (873,949 )     (4,421,961 )     3,175,309 (1)     8,631,613
    

  


 


 


 

     $ 11,102,214    $ (873,949 )   $ (4,421,961 )   $ 3,175,309     $ 8,981,613
    

  


 


 


 

Year ended December 31, 2002:

                                     

Allowance for brokerage customer accounts

   $ 350,000    $ —       $ —       $ —       $ 350,000

Deferred tax valuation allowance

     12,577,873      —         (1,825,659 )     —         10,752,214
    

  


 


 


 

     $ 12,927,873    $ —       $ (1,825,659 )   $ —       $ 11,102,214
    

  


 


 


 


(1) Within the Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity, as of December 31, 2003, the entire tax benefit relating to stock option exercises was offset by this $3,175,309 valuation allowance.

 

S-3


Table of Contents

EXHIBIT INDEX

 

Exhibit
Number


  

Description


3.1    TradeStation Group’s Articles of Incorporation, as amended **
3.2    TradeStation Group’s Bylaws **
4.1    Form of Specimen Certificate for TradeStation Group’s Common Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to OnlineTrading.com Group, Inc.’s Amendment No. 3 to Registration Statement No. 333-34922 on Form S-4 filed with the Commission on November 21, 2000)
10.1    onlinetradinginc.com corp. 1999 Stock Option Plan***#
10.2    Window On WallStreet Inc. 1997 Long Term Incentive Plan***#
10.3    TradeStation Group, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan***#
10.4    TradeStation Group, Inc. Incentive Stock Plan***#
10.5    TradeStation Group, Inc. Amended and Restated Nonemployee Director Stock Option Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to TradeStation Group’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2001) #
10.6    Form of Indemnification Agreement +
10.7    Lease Agreement, dated November 13, 2001, between Crossroads Business Park Associates LLP and TradeStation Group, Inc. (without exhibits and schedules) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.27 to TradeStation Group’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2001)
10.8    Office Lease dated August 13, 1998 between onlinetradinginc.com corp. and Highwood/Florida Holdings, L.P. ++
10.9    Sublease Agreement, dated June 21, 2002, between TradeStation Securities, Inc. and Steflind, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to TradeStation Group’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002)
10.10    Sublease Agreement, dated January 6, 2004, between TradeStation Securities, Inc. and JVB Financial, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to TradeStation Group’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003)
10.11    Form of Non-Competition and Non-Disclosure Agreement*

 

i


Table of Contents
Exhibit
Number


  

Description


10.12    Form of Non-Competition Agreement +
10.13    Office/Showroom/Warehouse Lease Agreement dated June 12, 1996 between Springcreek Place Ltd. and Window On WallStreet Inc. (then named MarketArts, Inc.), as amended by Addendum to Lease dated October 12, 1998, and as further amended by Addendum to Lease dated May 28, 1999 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to Omega Research, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1999)
10.14    Modification and Ratification of Lease Agreement, dated July 25, 2002, between Springcreek Place Ltd. and TradeStation Technologies, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to TradeStation Group’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002)
10.15    Remote Processing Agreement, dated June 10, 2003, with SunGard Financial Systems, Inc. to provide the SunGard Phase3 System for the processing, clearing and settlement of trades (pricing schedules omitted) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to TradeStation Group’s Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2003)
10.16    Clearing Agreement with Bear, Stearns Securities Corp. ++
10.17    Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of August 8, 2002, between Benedict Gambino and TradeStation Group, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 to TradeStation Group’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002)
10.18    Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of October 18, 2002, between Benedict S. Gambino and TradeStation Group, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24 to TradeStation Group’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002)
10.19    Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of November 26, 2002, between Andrew A. Allen Family Limited Partnership and TradeStation Group, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 to TradeStation Group’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002)
21.1    List of Subsidiaries (filed herewith)

 

ii


Table of Contents
Exhibit
Number


  

Description


23.1    Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, with respect to TradeStation Group, Inc.’s consolidated financial statements, management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting (filed herewith)
31.1    Certifications of Co-Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith)
31.2    Certifications of Co-Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith)
31.3    Certifications of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith)
32.1    Certification of Co-Chief Executive Officers under 18 U.S.C. §1350 (filed herewith)
32.2    Certification of Chief Financial Officer under 18 U.S.C. §1350 (filed herewith)

* Previously filed as part of the Rule 424(b)(1) Proxy Statement/Prospectus of TradeStation Group filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) on December 12, 2000.
** Previously filed as part of Registration Statement No. 333-34922 on Form S-4 of OnlineTrading.com Group, Inc. filed with the Commission on April 17, 2000.
*** Previously filed as part of Registration Statement No. 333-53222 on Form S-8 of TradeStation Group, Inc. filed with the Commission on January 5, 2001.
+ Previously filed as part of Registration Statement No. 333-32077 on Form S-1 of Omega Research, Inc. filed with the Commission on July 25, 1997.
++ Previously filed as part of Registration Statement No. 333-75119 of Form SB-2 of onlinetradinginc.com corp. filed with the Commission on March 26, 1999.
# Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

 

iii

EX-21.1 2 dex211.htm LIST OF SUBSIDIARIES List of Subsidiaries

Exhibit 21.1

 

Subsidiaries

 

Name


 

State of Incorporation


TradeStation Securities, Inc.   Florida
TradeStation Technologies, Inc.   Florida

Omega Research Corporation (1)

    (f/k/a Direct xChange Securities, Inc.)

  Florida

(1) Omega Research Corporation (f/k/a Direct xChange Securities, Inc.) was inactive during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004.
EX-23.1 3 dex231.htm CONSENT OF ERNST & YOUNG LLP Consent of Ernst & Young LLP

Exhibit 23.1

 

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

We consent to the incorporation by reference in each of the Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-53222), Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-86968) and the Registration Statement (Form S-3 No. 333-107079) pertaining to TradeStation Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries of our reports dated February 14, 2005, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of TradeStation Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries, TradeStation Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of TradeStation Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries, included in the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004.

 

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Certified Public Accountants

 

Fort Lauderdale, Florida,

    March 2, 2005.

EX-31.1 4 dex311.htm SECTION 302 CO-CEO CERTIFICATION Section 302 CO-CEO Certification

Exhibit 31.1

 

CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

CO-CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

 

I, William R. Cruz, Co-Chairman of the Board and Co-Chief Executive Officer of TradeStation Group, Inc., certify that:

 

  1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of TradeStation Group, Inc.;

 

  2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

  3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

  4. The registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

 

  (a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

  (b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 

  (c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

  (d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

 

  5. The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

  (a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 

  (b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

March 8, 2005


  By:  

/s/ William R. Cruz


Date       William R. Cruz
        Co-Chairman of the Board
            and Co-Chief Executive Officer
EX-31.2 5 dex312.htm SECTION 302 CO-CEO CERTIFICATION Section 302 CO-CEO Certification

Exhibit 31.2

 

CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

CO-CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

 

I, Ralph L. Cruz, Co-Chairman of the Board and Co-Chief Executive Officer of TradeStation Group, Inc., certify that:

 

  1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of TradeStation Group, Inc.;

 

  2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

  3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

  4. The registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

 

  (a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

  (b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 

  (c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

  (d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

 

  5. The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

  (a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 

  (b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

March 8, 2005


  By:  

/s/ Ralph L. Cruz


Date       Ralph L. Cruz
        Co-Chairman of the Board
EX-31.3 6 dex313.htm SECTION 302 CFO CERTIFICATION Section 302 CFO Certification

Exhibit 31.3

 

CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

 

I, David H. Fleischman, Chief Financial Officer of TradeStation Group, Inc., certify that:

 

  1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of TradeStation Group, Inc.;

 

  2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

  3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

  4. The registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

 

  (a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

  (b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 

  (c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

  (d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

 

  5. The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

  (a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 

  (b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

March 8, 2005


  By:  

/s/ David H. Fleischman


Date       David H. Fleischman
        Chief Financial Officer,
            Vice President of Finance and Treasurer
EX-32.1 7 dex321.htm SECTION 906 CEO CERTIFICATION Section 906 CEO Certification

Exhibit 32.1

 

CERTIFICATION OF CO-CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICERS UNDER 18 U.S.C. §1350

 

We, William R. Cruz and Ralph L. Cruz, Co-Chairmen of the Board and Co-Chief Executive Officers of TradeStation Group, Inc., hereby certify, to our respective knowledge, that:

 

The Annual Report on Form 10-K of TradeStation Group, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2004 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of TradeStation Group, Inc.

 

The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350 and is not being filed as part of the Report or as a separate disclosure document.

 

March 8, 2005


     

/s/ William R. Cruz


Date       William R. Cruz
        Co-Chairman of the Board
            and Co-Chief Executive Officer

March 8, 2005


     

/s/ Ralph L. Cruz


Date       Ralph L. Cruz
        Co-Chairman of the Board
            and Co-Chief Executive Officer
EX-32.2 8 dex322.htm SECTION 906 CFO CERTIFICATION Section 906 CFO Certification

Exhibit 32.2

 

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER UNDER 18 U.S.C. §1350

 

I, David H. Fleischman, Chief Financial Officer of TradeStation Group, Inc., hereby certify, to my knowledge, that:

 

The Annual Report on Form 10-K of TradeStation Group, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2004 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of TradeStation Group, Inc.

 

The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350 and is not being filed as part of the Report or as a separate disclosure document.

 

March 8, 2005


     

/s/ David H. Fleischman


Date       David H. Fleischman
        Chief Financial Officer,
            Vice President of Finance and Treasurer
COVER 9 filename9.htm Cover Letter

TradeStation Group, Inc.

8050 S.W. 10th Street, Suite 4000

Plantation, Florida 33324

(954) 652-7000 phone

(954) 652-7019 fax

http://www.tradestation.com

NasdaqNM: TRAD

 

March 8, 2005

 

VIA EDGAR

 

Securities and Exchange Commission

Judiciary Plaza

450 Fifth Street, N.W.

Washington, D.C. 20549

Attention: Filing Desk

 

Re: TradeStation Group, Inc. – Annual Report on Form 10-K

 

To Whom It May Concern:

 

Enclosed for electronic filing is the Annual Report on Form 10-K of TradeStation Group, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2004.

 

Pursuant to the request in general instruction D(3) of Form 10-K, we note that the consolidated financial statements in the Form 10-K do not reflect a change from the preceding year in any accounting principles or practices, or in the method of applying any such principles or practices.

 

If you have any questions with respect to the Form 10-K or otherwise, please contact the undersigned.

 

Very truly yours,

/s/ David H. Fleischman


David H. Fleischman

Chief Financial Officer,

    Vice President of Finance and Treasurer

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