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Fair Value Measurements and Financial Instruments
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]  
Fair Value Measurements and Financial Instruments Fair Value Measurements and Financial Instruments
Fair Value Measurements
The Company uses a three-level fair value hierarchy that categorizes assets and liabilities measured at fair value based on the observability of the inputs utilized in the valuation. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to the quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities and lowest priority to unobservable inputs.
•
Level 1 – Financial assets and liabilities whose values are based on unadjusted quoted market prices for identical assets and liabilities in an active market that the Company has the ability to access.
•
Level 2 – Financial assets and liabilities whose values are based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or model inputs that are observable for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.
•
Level 3 – Financial assets and liabilities whose values are based on prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement.
Items Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The Company is exposed to various market risks including, but not limited to, changes in currency exchange rates arising from the sale of products in counties other than the manufacturing source, foreign currency denominated supplier payments, debt, dividends and investments in subsidiaries. The Company manages these risks, in part, through the use of derivative financial instruments. The maximum length of time over which the Company hedges the variability in the future cash flows related to transactions, excluding those transactions as related to the payment of variable interest on existing debt, is eighteen months. The maximum length of time over which the Company hedges forecasted transactions related to variable interest payments is the term of the underlying debt.
Hedge instruments are measured at fair value on a recurring basis under an income approach using industry-standard models that consider various assumptions, including time value, volatility factors, current market and contractual prices for the underlying and non-performance risk. Substantially all of these assumptions are observable in the marketplace throughout the full term of the instrument or may derived from observable data. Accordingly, the Company's currency instruments are classified as Level 2, "Other Observable Inputs" in the fair value hierarchy.
The Company presents its derivative positions and any related material collateral under master netting arrangements that provide for the net settlement of contracts, by counterparty, in the event of default or termination. Derivative financial instruments are included in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. There is no cash collateral on any of these derivatives.
Currency Exchange Rate Instruments: The Company primarily uses forward contracts denominated in Euro, Japanese Yen, Thai Baht and Mexican Peso intended to mitigate the variability of cash flows denominated in currency other than the hedging entity's functional currency.
As of June 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018, the Company had foreign currency derivative instruments with aggregate notional value of approximately $13 million and $23 million, respectively. The fair value of these derivatives is an asset of $1 million, as of June 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018. The difference between the gross and net value of these derivatives after offset by counter party is not material.
Cross Currency Swaps: The Company has executed cross-currency swap transactions intended to mitigate the the variability of the U.S. dollar value of its investment in certain of its non-U.S. entities. These transactions are designated as net investment hedges and the Company has elected to assess hedge effectiveness under the spot method. Accordingly, periodic changes in the fair value of the derivative instruments attributable to factor other than spot exchange rate variability are excluded from the measure of hedge ineffectiveness and reported directly in earnings each reporting period.
As of June 30, 2019 the Company had cross currency swaps with an aggregate notional value of $250 million and aggregate fair value of these derivatives is a liability of $12 million and $16 million recorded in other non-current liabilities, net at June 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018, respectively. The amount of accumulated other income expected to be reclassified into earnings within the next 12 months is a gain of approximately $7 million.
Interest Rate Swaps: The Company utilizes interest rate swap instruments to manage its exposure and to mitigate the impact of interest rate variability. The instruments are designated as cash flow hedges, accordingly, the effective portion of the periodic changes in fair value is recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income, a component of shareholders' equity. Subsequently, the accumulated gains and losses recorded in equity are reclassified to income in the period during which the hedged cash flow impacts earnings.
As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had an aggregate notional value of interest rate swap transactions of $250 million. The aggregate fair value of these derivative transactions as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was a non-current liability of approximately $8 million and $2 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2019, a gain of less than $1 million is expected to be reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income into earnings within the next 12 months.
Financial Statement Presentation
Gains and losses on derivative financial instruments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 are as follows:
 
Recorded Income (Loss) into AOCI, net of tax
 
Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Loss)
 
Recorded in Income (Loss)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
 
(Dollars in Millions)
Three months ended June 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency risk - Sales:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash flow hedges
$
—

 
$
(1
)
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

Non-designated cash flow hedges
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(1
)
Foreign currency risk - Cost of sales:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash flow hedges
—

 
1

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Non-designated cash flow hedges
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1

Interest rate risk - Interest expense, net:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swap
(4
)
 
1

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Net investment hedges
—

 
8

 
2

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
$
(4
)
 
$
9

 
$
2

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

Six months ended June 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency risk - Sales:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash flow hedges
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

Non-designated cash flow hedges
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Foreign currency risk - Cost of sales:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash flow hedges
—

 
2

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Non-designated cash flow hedges
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1

Interest rate risk - Interest expense, net:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swap
(6
)
 
2

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Net investment hedges
7

 
2

 
3

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
$
1

 
$
6

 
$
3

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
1


Items Not Carried at Fair Value
The Company's fair value of debt was approximately $393 million and $388 million as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. Fair value estimates were based on the current rates offered to the Company for debt of the same remaining maturities. Accordingly, the Company's debt fair value disclosures are classified as Level 2, "Other Observable Inputs" in the fair value hierarchy.
Concentrations of Credit Risk
Financial instruments including cash equivalents, derivative contracts, and accounts receivable, expose the Company to counter-party credit risk for non-performance. The Company’s counterparties for cash equivalents and derivative contracts are banks and financial institutions that meet the Company’s credit rating requirements. The Company’s counterparties for derivative contracts are substantial investment and commercial banks with significant experience using such derivatives. The Company manages its credit risk pursuant to written policies that specify minimum counterparty credit profile and by limiting the concentration of credit exposure amongst its multiple counterparties.
The Company's credit risk with any single customer does not exceed ten percent of total accounts receivable except for Ford and its affiliates which represent 14% and 14%, and Renault/Nissan which represents 14% and 11%, of the balance as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.