EXHIBIT 99.2

GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION OF TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION
NUMBER ON SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9

     Guidelines for Determining the Proper Identification Number to Give the Payer. Social Security numbers have nine digits separated by two hyphens: i.e., 000-00-0000. Employer identification numbers have nine digits separated by only one hyphen: i.e., 00-0000000. The table below will help determine the number to give the payer.

		Give the SOCIAL
	For this Type of	SECURITY
	Account:	number of:
1.	Individual	The individual
2.	Two or more individuals (joint account)	The actual owner of the account or, if combined funds, the first individual on the account (1)
3.	Husband and wife (joint account)	The actual owner of the account or, if joint funds, the first individual on the account (1)
4.	Custodian account of a minor (Uniform Gift to Minors Act)	The minor (2)
5.	Adult and minor (joint account)	The adult or, if the minor is the only contributor, the minor (1)
6.	Account in the name of guardian or committee for a designated ward, minor, or incompetent person.	The ward, minor, or incompetent person(3)
7.	a.    The usual revocable savings trust (grantor is also trustee)	The grantor-trustee(1)
	b.    So-called trust account that is not a legal or valid trust under State law	The actual owner(1)
8.	Sole proprietorship or single-owner LLC	The owner (4)

		Give the EMPLOYER
		IDENTIFICATION
	For this Type of Account:	number of:
9.	A valid trust, estate, or pension trust	Legal entity (Do not furnish the identifying number of the personal representative or trustee unless the legal entity itself is not designated in the account title.) (5)
10.	Corporation or LLC electing corporate status on Form 8832	The corporation or LLC
11.	Religious, charitable, or educational organization	The organization
12.	Partnership or multi-member LLC not electing corporate status on Form 8832	The partnership or LLC
13.	Association, club, or other tax-exempt organization	The organization
14.	A broker or registered nominee	The broker or nominee
15.	Account with the Department of Agriculture in the name of a public entity (such as a State or local government, school district or prison) that receives agricultural program payments	The public entity

(1)	List first and circle the name of the person whose number you furnish. If only one person on a joint account has a social security number, that person’s social security number must be furnished.
(2)	Circle the minor’s name and furnish the minor’s social security number.
(3)	Circle the ward’s, minor’s or incompetent person’s name and furnish such person’s social security number.
(4)	You must show your individual name, but you may also enter your business or “doing business as” name. You may use either your social security number or your employer identification number (if you have one), but the IRS encourages you to use your social security number.
(5)	List first and circle the name of the legal trust, estate, or pension trust.

NOTE: If no name is circled when there is more than one name listed, the number will be considered to be that of the first name listed.

GUIDELINES FOR CERTIFICATION OF TAXPAYER IDENTIFICATION
NUMBER ON SUBSTITUTE FORM W-9
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Section references are to the Internal Revenue Code.

Obtaining a Number

If you don’t have a taxpayer identification number, obtain Form SS-5, Application for a Social Security Number Card, or Form SS-4, Application for Employer Identification Number, at the local office of the Social Security Administration or the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) or online at www.ssa.gov and apply for a number. You can apply for an Employer Identification Number by accessing the IRS website at www.irs.gov/business and clicking on Employer Identification Number (EIN) under “Staring a Business.”

Payees Exempt from Backup Withholding

The following is a list of payees exempt from backup withholding and for which no information reporting is required. For interest and dividends, all listed payees are exempt except item (9). For broker transactions, payees listed in (1) through (13) and a person registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 who regularly acts as a broker are exempt. Payments subject to reporting under sections 6041 and 6041A are generally exempt from backup withholding only if made to payees described in items (1) through (7), except that a corporation that provides medical and health care services or bills and collects payments for such services is not exempt from backup withholding or information reporting. Only payees described in items (2) through (6) are exempt from backup withholding for barter exchange transactions and patronage dividends.

(1)	A corporation.
(2)	An organization exempt from tax under section 501(a) , or an individual retirement plan (“IRA”), or a custodial account under section 403(b)(7) if the account satisfies the requirements of section 401(f)(2).
(3)	The United States or any of its agencies or instrumentalities.
(4)	A State, the District of Columbia, a possession of the United States, or any of their political subdivisions or instrumentalities.
(5)	A foreign government or any of its political subdivisions, agencies or instrumentalities.
(6)	An international organization or any of its agencies or instrumentalities.
(7)	A foreign central bank of issue.
(8)	A dealer in securities or commodities required to register in the United States, the District of Columbia, or a possession of the United States.
(9)	A futures commission merchant registered with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission.
(10)	A real estate investment trust.
(11)	An entity registered at all times during the tax year under the Investment Company Act of 1940.
(12)	A common trust fund operated by a bank under section 584(a)
(13)	A financial institution.
(14)	A middleman known in the investment community as a nominee or custodian.
(15)	A trust exempt from tax under section 664 or described in section 4947.

     Privacy Act Notice. Section 6109 requires you to give your correct taxpayer identification number to persons who must file information returns with the IRS to report interest, dividends, and certain other income paid to you, mortgage interest you paid, the acquisition or abandonment of secured property, cancellation of debt, or contributions you made to an IRA or Archer MSA. The IRS uses the numbers for identification purposes and to help verify the accuracy of your tax return. The IRS may also provide this information to the Department of Justice for civil and criminal litigation, and to cities, states, and the District of Columbia to carry out their tax laws. The IRS may also disclose this information to other countries under a tax treaty, or to federal or state agencies to enforce federal non-tax criminal laws and to combat terrorism. You must provide your taxpayer identification number whether or not you are required to file a tax return. Payers must generally withhold 28% under current law on payments of taxable interest, dividends, and certain other payments to a payee who does not furnish a taxpayer identification number to a payer. Certain penalties may also apply.

Penalties.

(1) Penalty for Failure to Furnish Taxpayer Identification Number. If you fail to furnish your taxpayer identification number to a payer, you are subject to a penalty of $50 for each such failure unless your failure is due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect.

(2) Civil Penalty for False Information with Respect to Withholding. If you make a false statement with no reasonable basis that results in no backup withholding, you are subject to a $500 penalty.

(3) Criminal Penalty for Falsifying Information. Willfully falsifying certifications or affirmations may subject you to criminal penalties including fines and/or imprisonment.

(4) Misuse of Taxpayer Identification Numbers. If the requester discloses or uses taxpayer identification numbers in violation of federal law, the requester may be subject to civil and criminal penalties.

FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONTACT YOUR TAX CONSULTANT OR THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE.

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