New Accounting Pronouncements (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Accounting Changes and Error Corrections [Abstract]

The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. These statements, however, are condensed and do not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“GAAP”), for complete financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), on March 26, 2019.

In the opinion of the Company, the unaudited financial statements contain all adjustments (all of which were considered normal and recurring) necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial position at June 30, 2019; the results of operations for the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2019 and 2018; stockholders' equity for the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 and the cash flows for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2019 and 2018. The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2018 was derived from audited annual financial statements but does not contain all of the footnote disclosures from the annual financial statements.

The preparation of the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and disclosure of certain assets and liabilities at the balance sheet date. Such estimates include the performance obligations under the Company’s collaboration agreements; the estimated repayment term of the Company’s debt and related short- and long-term classification; the fair value of the Company’s debt; the collectability of receivables; the carrying value of property and equipment and intangible assets; and the assumptions used in the Company’s valuation of stock-based compensation and the value of certain investments and liabilities. Actual results may differ from such estimates.

These interim results are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for a full year or subsequent interim periods.

Reclassifications

Reclassifications and Revision

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current period presentation.

Revenue Recognition

The Company’s business strategy includes entering into collaborative license and development agreements with biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies for the development and commercialization of the Company’s drug candidates. The terms of the agreements typically include non-refundable license fees, funding of research and development, payments based upon achievement of clinical development and regulatory objectives, and royalties on product sales.

License Fees and Multiple Element Arrangements

If a license to the Company’s intellectual property is determined to be distinct from the other performance obligations identified in the arrangement, the Company recognizes revenues from non-refundable, up-front fees allocated to the license at such time as the license is transferred to the licensee and the licensee is able to use, and benefit from, the license. For licenses that are bundled with other promises, the Company utilizes judgment to assess the nature of the combined performance obligations to determine whether the combined performance obligations are satisfied over time or at a point in time and, if over time, the appropriate method of measuring progress for purposes of recognizing revenue from non-refundable, up-front fees. The Company evaluates the measure of progress each reporting period and, if necessary, adjusts the measure of performance and related revenue recognition.

If the Company is involved in a steering committee as part of a multiple element arrangement, the Company assesses whether its involvement constitutes a performance obligation or a right to participate. Steering committee services that are not inconsequential or perfunctory and that are determined to be performance obligations are combined with other research services or performance obligations required under an arrangement, if any, in determining the level of effort required in an arrangement and the period over which the Company expects to complete its aggregate performance obligations.

Appropriate methods of measuring progress include output methods and input methods. In determining the appropriate method for measuring progress, the Company considers the nature of service that the Company promises to transfer to the customer. When the Company decides on a method of measurement, the Company will apply that single method of measuring progress for each performance obligation satisfied over time and will apply that method consistently to similar performance obligations and in similar circumstances.

If the Company cannot reasonably measure its progress toward complete satisfaction of a performance obligation because it lacks reliable information that would be required to apply an appropriate method of measuring progress, but the Company can reasonably estimate when the performance obligation ceases or the remaining obligations become inconsequential and perfunctory, then revenue is not recognized until the Company can reasonably estimate when the performance obligation ceases or becomes inconsequential. Revenue is then recognized over the remaining estimated period of performance.

Significant management judgment is required in determining the level of effort required under an arrangement and the period over which the Company is expected to complete its performance obligations under an arrangement.

Contingent Research Milestone Payments

Under the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), Codification Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), there is a constraint on the amount of variable consideration included in the transaction price in that either all, or a portion, of an amount of variable consideration should be included in the transaction price. The variable consideration amount should be included only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. The assessment of whether variable consideration should be constrained is largely a qualitative one that has two elements: the likelihood of a change in estimate, and the magnitude thereof. Variable consideration is not constrained if the potential reversal of cumulative revenue recognized is not significant, for example.

If the consideration in a contract includes a variable amount, a company will estimate the amount of consideration in exchange for transfer of promised goods or services. The consideration also can vary if a company’s entitlement to the consideration is contingent on the occurrence or nonoccurrence of a future event. The Company considers contingent research milestone payments to fall under the scope of variable consideration, which should be estimated for revenue recognition purposes at the inception of the contract and reassessed ongoing at the end of each reporting period.

The Company assesses whether contingent research milestones should be considered variable consideration that should be constrained and thus not part of the transaction price. This includes an assessment of the probability that all or some of the milestones revenue could be reversed when the uncertainty around whether or not the achievement of each milestone is resolved, and the amount of reversal could be significant.

GAAP provides factors to consider when assessing whether variable consideration should be constrained. All of the factors should be considered, and no factor is determinative. The Company considers all relevant factors.

Reimbursement of Costs

Reimbursement of research and development costs by third party collaborators is recognized as revenue over time provided the Company has determined that it transfers control (i.e. performs the services) of a service over time and, therefore, satisfies a performance obligation according to the provisions outlined in ASC 606-10-25-27, Revenue Recognition.

Royalty Revenue

Since the first quarter of 2012, the Company has recognized royalty revenues related to Genentech’s and Roche’s sales of Erivedge. For arrangements that include sales-based royalties, including milestone payments based on the level of sales, and the license is deemed to be the predominant item to which the royalties relate, the Company recognizes revenue at the later of (i) when the related sales occur, or (ii) when the performance obligation to which some or all of the royalty has been allocated has been satisfied (or partially satisfied). The Company expects to continue recognizing royalty revenue from Genentech’s sales of Erivedge in the U.S. and in other markets where Genentech and Roche successfully obtain marketing approval, if any (see Note 4). However, a portion of Erivedge royalties will be paid to the Purchasers under the Oberland Purchase Agreement (see Note 9). Contra revenue includes amounts related to the reimbursement of patent related research and development costs and amounts related to potential adjustments in countries where the Company's royalties are subject to reductions.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company has adopted the provisions of the FASB Codification Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures. Topic 820 provides a framework for measuring fair value under GAAP and requires expanded disclosures regarding fair value measurements. GAAP defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Market participants are buyers and sellers in the principal market that are (i) independent, (ii) knowledgeable, (iii) able to transact, and (iv) willing to transact.

GAAP requires the use of valuation techniques that are consistent with the market approach, the income approach and/or the cost approach. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets and liabilities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts, such as cash flows or earnings, to a single present amount on a discounted basis. The cost approach is based on the amount that currently would be required to replace the service capacity of an asset (replacement cost). Valuation techniques should be consistently applied. GAAP also establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs, where available, and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:



Level 1	Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2	Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3	Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

Loss Per Common Share

Basic and diluted loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per common share is the same as basic net loss per common share for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, because the effect of the potential common stock equivalents would be antidilutive due to the Company’s net loss position for these periods.

New Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Issued and Adopted

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-02, Leases. In addition, the FASB recently issued ASU No. 2018-10 and ASU No. 2018-11, both of which are further clarifying amendments to ASU No. 2016-02. The standard requires organizations that lease assets to recognize on the balance sheet assets or liabilities, as applicable, for the rights and obligations created by those leases. Additionally, the guidance modifies current guidance for lessor accounting and leveraged leases. This new standard was effective for the Company as of January 1, 2019.

The Company elected to adopt the new standard using the modified retrospective method and, accordingly, has not recast comparative periods presented in its unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company elected the package of transition practical expedients for its existing leases and therefore it did not reassess the following: lease classification for existing leases, whether any existing contracts contained leases, if any initial direct costs were incurred and whether any existing land easements should be accounted for as leases. As permitted by the new standard, the Company elected as accounting policy elections to not recognize assets and related lease liabilities for leases with terms of twelve months or less. The Company elected the available practical expedients and updated internal controls to enable the preparation of financial information on adoption.

The Company adopted this standard as of January 1, 2019, which had an impact on its Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of January 1, 2019 and June 30, 2019, with the recognition of an operating lease right-of-use asset in the amount of $1.0 million and $0.6 million, respectively, and the recognition of operating lease liabilities of $1.1 million and $0.6 million, respectively. The new standard did not have a significant impact on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for any period.

Recently Issued, Not Yet Adopted

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No.2018-13, Fair Value Measurement, which modified the disclosure requirements for fair value measurement under ASC 820. The standard will be effective for annual reporting periods and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2019, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effects of this standard and does not expect that adoption of this standard will have a material impact on its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.