Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs Sharebased Payments [Abstract]

Schedule of Share-based Compensation Expense

The following table reflects the impact of total compensation expense related to stock-based equity plans on the reported operating results for the respective periods (in millions):

	Year Ended December 31,
	2022			2021			2020
Effect on income before income taxes	$	(20	)	$	(25	)	$	(13	)
Effect on net income	$	(15	)	$	(20	)	$	(10	)

Schedule of Share-based Payment Awards, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions

The fair value of stock options was estimated using the Black Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions and weighted-average fair values during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Expected volatility	84.3% - 87.5%		84.3% - 88.9%		73.5%
Expected dividends		—		—		—
Expected term	3.0 - 6.0 years		3.0 - 6.0 years		6.0 years
Risk-free interest rate	1.5% - 1.6%		0.3% - 0.9%		1.0%

Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Stock Options, Activity

Options outstanding and exercisable under the 2009 Plan as of December 31, 2022, and changes during each of the years in the three-year period prior to December 31, 2022, were as follows (in millions, except share and per share data):

	Shares			Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term	Aggregate Intrinsic Value as of December 31, 2022
Outstanding at December 31, 2019		1,110,134		$	16.90
Granted		946,500			4.93
Exercised		(18,166	)		4.99
Forfeited and cancelled		(220,943	)		33.52
Outstanding at December 31, 2020		1,817,525			8.77
Granted		749,250			8.81
Exercised		(65,499	)		5.03
Forfeited and cancelled		(199,523	)		33.14
Outstanding at December 31, 2021		2,301,753			6.77
Granted		760,000			10.18
Exercised		(56,500	)		4.97
Forfeited and cancelled		(173,502	)		13.41
Outstanding at December 31, 2022		2,831,751		$	7.32	7.8 years	$	—
Exercisable at December 31, 2022		1,298,412		$	5.64	7.0 years	$	—

Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Restricted Stock, Activity

Restricted stock outstanding under the 2009 Plan as of December 31, 2022, and changes during each of the years in the three-year period prior to December 31, 2022, were as follows:

	Shares			Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested at December 31, 2019		3,857,402		$	5.47
Granted		2,205,500			4.90
Vested		(1,123,329	)		5.84
Forfeited		(383,838	)		8.58
Unvested at December 31, 2020		4,555,735			4.84
Granted		2,929,250			8.16
Vested		(2,312,328	)		4.68
Forfeited		(177,343	)		6.33
Unvested at December 31, 2021		4,995,314			6.30
Granted		3,253,000			8.95
Vested		(2,561,575	)		5.70
Forfeited		(145,674	)		8.89
Unvested at December 31, 2022		5,541,065			8.53

Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Restricted Stock Units, Activity

RSUs outstanding under the 2009 Plan as of December 31, 2022, and changes during each of the years in the three-year period prior to December 31, 2022, were as follows:

	Shares			Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested at December 31, 2019		541,576		$	5.13
Granted		310,347			4.93
Vested		(238,184	)		5.47
Forfeited		—			—
Unvested at December 31, 2020		613,739			4.89
Granted		173,664			8.81
Vested		(300,805	)		5.09
Forfeited		—			—
Unvested at December 31, 2021		486,598			6.17
Granted		176,820			9.66
Vested		(151,058	)		5.63
Forfeited		—			—
Unvested at December 31, 2022		512,360			7.54