Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs Sharebased Payments [Abstract]

Schedule of Share-based Compensation Expense

The following table reflects the impact of total compensation expense related to stock-based equity plans on the reported operating results for the respective periods (in millions):

	Year Ended December 31,
	2021			2020			2019
Effect on income (loss) before income taxes	$	(25	)	$	(13	)	$	(10	)
Effect on net income (loss)	$	(20	)	$	(10	)	$	(8	)

Schedule of Share-based Payment Awards, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions

The fair value of stock options was estimated using the Black Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions and weighted-average fair values during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2021		2020		2019
Expected volatility	84.3% - 88.9%		73.5%			68.4	%
Expected dividends		—		—		—
Expected term	3.0 - 6.0 years		6.0 years		5.6 years
Risk-free interest rate	0.3% - 0.9%		1.0%			2.6	%

Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Stock Options, Activity

Options outstanding and exercisable under the 2009 Plan as of December 31, 2021, and changes during each of the years in the three-year period prior to December 31, 2021, were as follows (in millions, except share and per share data):

	Shares			Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term	Aggregate Intrinsic Value as of December 31, 2021
Outstanding at December 31, 2018		624,938		$	31.21
Granted		658,500			4.95
Exercised		—			—
Forfeited and cancelled		(173,304	)		23.04
Outstanding at December 31, 2019		1,110,134			16.90
Granted		946,500			4.93
Exercised		(18,166	)		4.99
Forfeited and cancelled		(220,943	)		33.52
Outstanding at December 31, 2020		1,817,525			8.77
Granted		749,250			8.81
Exercised		(65,499	)		5.03
Forfeited and cancelled		(199,523	)		33.14
Outstanding at December 31, 2021		2,301,753		$	6.77	8.0 years	$	16
Exercisable at December 31, 2021		730,828		$	6.76	6.8 years	$	5

Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Restricted Stock, Activity

Restricted stock outstanding under the 2009 Plan as of December 31, 2021, and changes during each of the years in the three-year period prior to December 31, 2021, were as follows:

	Shares			Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested at December 31, 2018		3,308,907		$	7.00
Granted		1,989,000			4.94
Vested		(1,160,667	)		8.89
Forfeited		(279,838	)		5.60
Unvested at December 31, 2019		3,857,402			5.47
Granted		2,205,500			4.90
Vested		(1,123,329	)		5.84
Forfeited		(383,838	)		8.58
Unvested at December 31, 2020		4,555,735			4.84
Granted		2,929,250			8.16
Vested		(2,312,328	)		4.68
Forfeited		(177,343	)		6.33
Unvested at December 31, 2021		4,995,314			6.30

Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Restricted Stock Units, Activity

RSUs outstanding under the 2009 Plan as of December 31, 2021, and changes during each of the years in the three-year period prior to December 31, 2021, were as follows:

	Shares			Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested at December 31, 2018		397,906		$	6.17
Granted		306,612			4.99
Vested		(162,942	)		7.42
Forfeited		—			—
Unvested at December 31, 2019		541,576			5.13
Granted		310,347			4.93
Vested		(238,184	)		5.47
Forfeited		—			—
Unvested at December 31, 2020		613,739			4.89
Granted		173,664			8.81
Vested		(300,805	)		5.09
Forfeited		—			—
Unvested at December 31, 2021		486,598			6.17