Note 12 - Financial Instruments and Risks

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Notes to Financial Statements

Financial Instruments Disclosure [Text Block]

12. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND RISKS  

Financial instruments measured at fair value are classified into one of three levels in the fair value hierarchy according to the relative reliability of the inputs used to estimate the fair values. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below.

Level 1 - quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

Level 2 – inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e., as prices) or indirectly (i.e., derived from prices); and

Level 3 - inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

Fair value of financial instruments

The Company has various financial instruments including cash and cash equivalents, accounts payable and accrued expenses, and accounts payable and accrued expenses – related parties. The carrying values of accounts payable and accrued expenses and accounts payable and accrued expenses – related parties approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments.

Cash and cash equivalents is carried at a level 1 fair value measurement.

The Company’s risk exposures and the impact on the Company’s financial instruments are summarized below:

Credit risk

The Company is exposed to credit risk only with respect to uncertainties as to timing and amount of collectability of receivables. The Company believes its credit risk is low because receivables is comprised of goods and services tax (GST) which is recoverable from the governing body in Canada. Management does not believe the receivables are impaired. The Company doesn’t believe there is significant credit risk associated with cash as these amounts are held with major Canadian banks.

Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they fall due. The Company’s approach to managing liquidity risk is to ensure that it will have sufficient liquidity to meet liabilities when due. As at March 31, 2023, the Company had a cash and cash equivalents balance of $529,692 ( December 31, 2022 – $687,602) to settle current liabilities of $328,047 ( December 31, 2022 – $302,423). All of the Company’s financial liabilities have contractual maturities of 30 days or due on demand and are subject to normal trade terms.

Interest rate risk

Interest rate risk is the risk that the future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. The risk that the Company will realize such a loss is limited as it does not have any significant interest-bearing financial instruments.

Foreign currency risk

As at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company is exposed to foreign currency risk as certain monetary financial instruments are denominated in Canadian currency. The Company’s sensitivity analysis suggests that reasonably expected changes in the rates of exchange in the United States would change foreign exchange gain or loss by an insignificant amount.