Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income tax expenses benefit

Income (loss) before income taxes and income tax expense (benefit) are comprised of the following:

(Thousands)	2021		2020		2019
Income (loss) before income taxes:
Domestic	$	54,684	$	(1,153)	$	60,271
Foreign	22,641		9,428		5,265
Total income (loss) before income taxes	$	77,325	$	8,275	$	65,536
Income tax expense:
Current income tax expense (benefit):
Domestic	$	14,603	$	812	$	6,995
Foreign	3,205		1,851		1,202
Total current	$	17,808	$	2,663	$	8,197
Deferred income tax (benefit) expense:
Domestic	$	(7,953)	$	(5,641)	$	2,687
Foreign	(5,004)		(4,209)		1,258
Total deferred	$	(12,957)	$	(9,850)	$	3,945
Total income tax expense (benefit)	$	4,851	$	(7,187)	$	12,142

Effective income tax rate reconciliation

A reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate to the Company's effective income tax rate is as follows:

	2021		2020		2019
U.S. federal statutory rate	21.0	%	21.0	%	21.0	%
State and local income taxes, net of federal tax effect	(0.3)		(10.0)		1.0
Effect of excess of percentage depletion over cost depletion	(3.4)		(43.0)		(4.3)
Foreign derived intangible income deduction	(2.3)		(1.8)		(3.0)
Non-deductible goodwill impairment	—		7.1		1.1
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act impact	—		—		2.3
Research and development tax credit	(1.2)		(16.4)		(1.1)
Foreign tax credit	—		—		(0.3)
Impact of foreign operations	0.3		(5.3)		0.9
Non-deductible transaction costs	1.6		6.9		0.2
Interest from tax authorities	—		(3.8)		—
Adjustment to unrecognized tax benefits	(1.9)		1.8		0.2
Equity compensation	(0.5)		(5.3)		(3.2)
Non-deductible officers' compensation	1.4		6.8		0.8
Valuation allowance	(8.5)		(45.5)		2.1
Other items	0.1		0.6		0.8
Effective tax rate	6.3	%	(86.9)	%	18.5	%

Deferred tax assets and liabilities

Deferred tax assets and (liabilities) recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets consist of the following:

	December 31,
(Thousands)	2021		2020
Asset (liability)
Post-employment benefits other than pensions	$	1,714	$	1,564
Other reserves	1,901		226
Deferred compensation	3,263		3,322
Environmental reserves	1,358		1,301
Revenue recognition	5,027		—
Lease liabilities	11,639		10,469
Interest expense carryforward	14,163		—
Pensions	1,393		7,456
Accrued compensation expense	6,410		2,683
Net operating loss and credit carryforwards	11,423		12,711
Subtotal	58,291		39,732
Valuation allowance	(4,957)		(14,134)
Total deferred tax assets	53,334		25,598
Depreciation	(24,484)		(12,112)
Lease assets	(11,184)		(10,261)
Inventory	(2,329)		(3,532)
Amortization	(35,542)		(10,754)
Mine development	(917)		(1,669)
Unrealized gains	(663)		—
Total deferred tax liabilities	(75,119)		(38,328)
Net deferred tax liabilities	$	(21,785)	$	(12,730)

Reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits

A reconciliation of the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits for the year-to-date periods ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 is as follows:

(Thousands)	2021		2020
Balance at January 1	$	2,360	$	3,221
Additions to tax provisions related to the current year	431		191
Additions to tax positions related to prior years	—		—
Reduction to tax positions related to prior years	(45)		(349)
Lapses on statutes of limitations	(1,604)		(703)
Balance at December 31	$	1,142	$	2,360