
	Year Ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2018
Domestic	$	94,002	$	(45,364)	$	46,254
Foreign	79,345		108,470		115,457
Total	$	173,347	$	63,106	$	161,711


	Year Ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2018
U.S. federal and state:
Current	$	20,733	$	23,461	$	14,698
Deferred	(7,048)		(23,182)		10,347
Total	13,685		279		25,045

Foreign:
Current	21,053		27,580		26,135
Deferred	(4,219)		(3,968)		488
Total	16,834		23,612		26,623
Total U.S. and foreign	$	30,519	$	23,891	$	51,668


	Year Ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2018
Federal statutory rate	21.0	%	21.0	%	24.5	%
U.S. benefits from research and experimentation activities	(1.5)		(2.9)		(0.8)
State taxes, net of federal effect	1.1		(4.7)		0.1
Foreign income at other than U.S. rates	1.7		10.3		1.2
Excess compensation	0.4		6.4		0.4
Share-based compensation	(2.2)		(7.2)		(4.3)
U.S. tax reform	—		14.1		11.2
Global Intangible Low Taxed Income ("GILTI")	—		3.1		—
Foreign derived intangible income	(3.4)		(3.9)		—
Change in reserve positions	1.9		0.3		(0.5)
Other, net	(1.4)		1.4		0.2
Provision for income taxes	17.6	%	37.9	%	32.0	%

The decrease in the effective tax rate during fiscal 2020 was primarily attributable to the absence of a discrete charge recorded in fiscal 2019 related to the final regulations issued under the Tax Act and the absence of unfavorable tax treatment of certain non-deductible costs related to the Acquisition. Additionally, the tax rate was favorably impacted by the final tax regulations issued in July 2020, which provided for a high-tax exception for those jurisdictions subject to the GILTI tax, for which the Company qualified.

The increase in the effective tax rate during fiscal 2019 was primarily due to increased tax expense related to the final regulations related to the Tax Act, which impacted our reserves for uncertain tax positions, and the unfavorable tax treatment of certain Acquisition-related costs. Partially offsetting these adverse items, the Tax Act reduced the corporate income tax rate to 21.0% effective January 1, 2018, resulting in a change in our blended tax rate of 24.5% in fiscal 2018 to 21.0% beginning with our fiscal 2019.

The accounting guidance regarding uncertainty in income taxes prescribes a threshold for the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return. Under these standards, we may recognize the tax benefit of an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position.


Balance September 30, 2017	$	2,270
Additions for tax positions relating to the current fiscal year	263
Additions for tax positions relating to prior fiscal years	116
Lapse of statute of limitations	(1,215)
Balance September 30, 2018	1,434
Additions for tax positions relating to the current fiscal year	271
Additions for tax positions relating to prior fiscal years	9,839

Balance September 30, 2019	11,544
Additions for tax positions relating to the current fiscal year	4,691
Additions for tax positions relating to prior fiscal years	140
Reduction for tax positions relating to prior fiscal years	(1,337)
Balance September 30, 2020	$	15,038

The entire balance of unrecognized tax benefits shown above as of September 30, 2020 and 2019, would affect our effective tax rate if recognized. Additions for tax positions of $4,691 recorded in the current fiscal year are mainly due to liabilities related to mix of jurisdictional earnings from intercompany transactions. Interest accrued on our Consolidated Balance Sheets was $233 and $281 at September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and any interest and penalties charged to expense in fiscal years 2020, 2019 and 2018 was immaterial.

At September 30, 2020, the tax periods open to examination by the U.S. federal, state and local governments include fiscal years 2013 through 2020, and the tax periods open to examination by foreign jurisdictions include fiscal years 2015 through 2020. We do not anticipate a significant change to the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months.


	September 30,
	2020		2019
Deferred tax assets:
Employee benefits	$	8,920	$	5,719
Inventory	4,657		3,811
Accrued expenses	2,615		4,202
Share-based compensation expense	5,709		5,215
Credit and other carryforwards	5,803		9,743
Interest rate swap	8,506		5,412
Other	1,238		1,088
Valuation allowance	(2,948)		(2,574)
Total deferred tax assets	$	34,500	$	32,616

Deferred tax liabilities:
Depreciation and amortization	$	131,237	$	140,092
Withholding on transition taxes	4,156		6,026
Other	3,606		1,926
Total deferred tax liabilities	$	138,999	$	148,044

As of September 30, 2020, the Company had foreign and domestic net operating loss carryforwards (“NOLs”) of $11,025, which will expire over the period between fiscal year 2021 and fiscal year 2040. We have recorded a tax-effected valuation allowance of $2,948 against the deferred tax assets related to certain foreign and U.S. federal and state NOLs, as well as on certain federal tax credit carryforwards. As of September 30, 2020, the Company had a U.S. federal and state tax credit carryforward of $1,131, which will expire beginning in fiscal years 2021 through 2030.