Stock-Based Compensation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

NOTE 18. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

The Company’s 2017 Stock Incentive Plan, or the 2017 Plan, permits stock-based compensation awards to officers, directors, key employees, and consultants. The 2017 Plan authorized grants of stock‑based compensation instruments to issue up to 4,000,000 shares of Company common stock. As of December 31, 2020, there were 1,734,014 shares available for grant under the 2017 Plan. Though frozen for new issuances, certain awards issued under the 2003 Stock Incentive Plan remain outstanding, and are due to vest no later than February 2021.

Restricted Stock

Restricted stock amortization totaled $23.7 million, $26.2 million, and $29.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018. Such amounts are included in compensation expense on the accompanying consolidated statements of earnings (loss) and exclude $627,000, $598,000, and $627,000 of stock-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 related to our directors, which is included in other expense on the accompanying consolidated statement of earnings (loss). The income tax benefit recognized in the consolidated statements of earnings (loss) related to this expense was $5.8 million, $6.8 million, and $7.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018. The amount of unrecognized compensation expense related to all unvested TRSAs and PRSUs as of December 31, 2020 totaled $43.9 million. Such expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.4 years.

The following table presents a summary of restricted stock transactions during the year ended December 31, 2020:


	TRSAs		PRSUs
		Weighted		Weighted
		Average		Average
	Number	Grant Date	Number	Grant Date
	of	Fair Value	of	Fair Value
Year Ended December 31, 2020	Shares	(Per Share)	Units	(Per Unit)
Unvested restricted stock, beginning of year	1,513,197	$43.68	276,386	$50.61
Granted	822,211	$20.84	143,543	$36.20
Vested	(581,902)	$42.77	(62,122)	$56.60
Forfeited	(145,380)	$38.18	(42,799)	$51.29
Unvested restricted stock, end of year	1,608,126	$32.83	315,008	$42.77

The table above excludes 37,357 of immediately vested shares awarded to our directors at a weighted average price of $16.78.

Time-Based Restricted Stock Awards

At December 31, 2020, there were 1,608,126 shares of unvested TRSAs outstanding pursuant to the Company's 2003 and 2017 Stock Incentive Plans (the "Plans"). The TRSAs generally vest over a service period of three to four years from the date of the grant or immediately upon death of an employee. Compensation expense related to TRSAs is based on the fair value of the underlying stock on the award date and is recognized over the vesting period using the straight‑line method.

TRSA grants are subject to "double-trigger" vesting in the event of a change in control of the Company, as defined in the Plans, and in the event an employee's employment is terminated within 24 months after the change in control by the Company without Cause or by the employee for Good Reason, as defined in the Plans, such awards will vest.

The weighted average grant date fair value per share of TRSAs granted during 2020, 2019, and 2018 were $20.84, $38.66, and $53.69. The vesting date fair value of TRSAs that vested during 2020, 2019, and 2018 were $13.1 million, $18.1 million, and $25.9 million.

Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units

At December 31, 2020, there were 315,008 units of unvested PRSUs that have been granted. The PRSUs will vest only if performance goals with respect to certain financial metrics are met over a three-year performance period. The PRSUs are not considered issued and outstanding until they vest. PRSUs are granted and initially expensed based on a target number. The number of shares that will ultimately vest based on actual performance will range from zero to a maximum of either 150% or 200% of target.

Compensation expense related to PRSUs is based on the fair value of the underlying stock on the award date and is amortized over the vesting period using the straight-line method unless it is determined that: (1) attainment of the financial metrics is less than probable, in which case a portion of the amortization is suspended, or (2) attainment of the financial metrics is improbable, in which case a portion of the previously recognized amortization is reversed and also suspended. If it is determined that attainment of a financial measure higher than target is probable, the amortization will increase up to 150% or 200% of the target amortization amount. Annual PRSU expense may vary during the three-year performance period based upon changes in management's estimate of the number of shares that may ultimately vest. In the case where the performance target for the PRSU’s is based on a market condition (such as total shareholder return), the amortization is neither reversed nor suspended if it is subsequently determined that the attainment of the performance target is less than probable or improbable and the employee continues to meet the service requirement of the award.

Upon a change in control, each PRSU will (i) be deemed earned at the target level with respect to all open performance periods if the change in control occurs within six months after the grant date, and (ii) be deemed earned at the actual performance level as of the date of the change in control if a change in control occurs more than six months after the grant date, and in both cases, the PRSU will cease to be subject to any further performance conditions, but will be subject to time-based service vesting following the change in control in accordance with the original performance period.

The weighted average grant date fair value per share of PRSUs granted during 2020, 2019, and 2018 was $36.20, $40.39 and $57.52. The vesting date fair value of PRSUs that vested during 2020 and 2019 was $2.7 million and $5.6 million. There were no PRSUs that vested during 2018.