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Loans and Leases
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2020
Receivables [Abstract]  
Loans and Leases LOANS AND LEASES
Our loans are carried at the principal amount outstanding, net of deferred fees and costs, and in the case of acquired and purchased loans, net of purchase discounts and premiums. Deferred fees and costs and purchase discounts and premiums on acquired loans are recognized as an adjustment to interest income over the contractual life of the loans primarily using the effective interest method or taken into income when the related loans are paid off or included in the carrying amount of loans that are sold.
Loans and Leases Held for Investment
The following table summarizes the composition of our loans and leases held for investment as of the dates indicated:
September 30,December 31,
20202019
(In thousands)
Real estate mortgage$7,883,473 $7,982,383 
Real estate construction and land3,453,155 2,773,209 
Commercial7,402,854 7,714,358 
Consumer362,198 440,790 
Total gross loans and leases held for investment19,101,680 18,910,740 
Deferred fees, net(75,480)(63,868)
Total loans and leases held for investment, net of deferred fees19,026,200 18,846,872 
Allowance for loan and lease losses(345,966)(138,785)
Total loans and leases held for investment, net (1)
$18,680,234 $18,708,087 
____________________
(1)    Excludes accrued interest receivable of $71.5 million and $67.5 million at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, which is recorded in "Other assets" on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
The following tables present an aging analysis of our loans and leases held for investment, net of deferred fees, by loan portfolio segment and class as of the dates indicated:
September 30, 2020
30 - 8990 or More
DaysDaysTotal
Past DuePast DuePast DueCurrentTotal
 (In thousands)
Real estate mortgage:
Commercial$412 $32,662 $33,074 $4,159,392 $4,192,466 
Income producing and other residential1,761 537 2,298 3,682,281 3,684,579 
Total real estate mortgage2,173 33,199 35,372 7,841,673 7,877,045 
Real estate construction and land:
Commercial— — — 1,241,647 1,241,647 
Residential3,108 — 3,108 2,178,992 2,182,100 
Total real estate construction and land3,108 — 3,108 3,420,639 3,423,747 
Commercial:
Asset-based— 2,248 2,248 3,150,800 3,153,048 
Venture capital2,319 — 2,319 1,634,813 1,637,132 
Other commercial185 10,751 10,936 2,562,058 2,572,994 
Total commercial2,504 12,999 15,503 7,347,671 7,363,174 
Consumer791 116 907 361,327 362,234 
Total$8,576 $46,314 $54,890 $18,971,310 $19,026,200 
December 31, 2019
30 - 8990 or More
DaysDaysTotal
Past DuePast DuePast DueCurrentTotal
 (In thousands)
Real estate mortgage:
Commercial$2,448 $5,919 $8,367 $4,194,320 $4,202,687 
Income producing and other residential2,105 802 2,907 3,767,153 3,770,060 
Total real estate mortgage4,553 6,721 11,274 7,961,473 7,972,747 
Real estate construction and land:
Commercial— — — 1,082,368 1,082,368 
Residential1,429 — 1,429 1,654,005 1,655,434 
Total real estate construction and land1,429 — 1,429 2,736,373 2,737,802 
Commercial:
Asset-based19 — 19 3,748,388 3,748,407 
Venture capital— — — 2,179,422 2,179,422 
Other commercial2,781 4,164 6,945 1,760,722 1,767,667 
Total commercial2,800 4,164 6,964 7,688,532 7,695,496 
Consumer1,006 200 1,206 439,621 440,827 
Total$9,788 $11,085 $20,873 $18,825,999 $18,846,872 
It is our policy to discontinue accruing interest when principal or interest payments are past due 90 days or more (unless the loan is both well secured and in the process of collection) or when, in the opinion of management, there is a reasonable doubt as to the collectability of a loan or lease in the normal course of business. Interest income on nonaccrual loans is recognized only to the extent cash is received and the principal balance of the loan is deemed collectable.
The following table presents our nonaccrual and performing loans and leases held for investment, net of deferred fees, by loan portfolio segment and class as of the dates indicated:  
 September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
NonaccrualPerformingTotalNonaccrualPerformingTotal
 (In thousands)
Real estate mortgage:
Commercial$45,120 $4,147,346 $4,192,466 $18,346 $4,184,341 $4,202,687 
Income producing and other residential2,008 3,682,571 3,684,579 2,478 3,767,582 3,770,060 
Total real estate mortgage47,128 7,829,917 7,877,045 20,824 7,951,923 7,972,747 
Real estate construction and land:
Commercial324 1,241,323 1,241,647 364 1,082,004 1,082,368 
Residential— 2,182,100 2,182,100 — 1,655,434 1,655,434 
Total real estate construction and land324 3,423,423 3,423,747 364 2,737,438 2,737,802 
Commercial:
Asset-based2,817 3,150,231 3,153,048 30,162 3,718,245 3,748,407 
Venture capital2,001 1,635,131 1,637,132 12,916 2,166,506 2,179,422 
Other commercial32,941 2,540,053 2,572,994 27,594 1,740,073 1,767,667 
Total commercial37,759 7,325,415 7,363,174 70,672 7,624,824 7,695,496 
Consumer404 361,830 362,234 493 440,334 440,827 
Total$85,615 $18,940,585 $19,026,200 $92,353 $18,754,519 $18,846,872 
At September 30, 2020, nonaccrual loans and leases included $46.3 million of loans and leases 90 or more days past due, $0.4 million of loans and leases 30 to 89 days past due, and $38.9 million of loans and leases current with respect to contractual payments that were placed on nonaccrual status based on management’s judgment regarding their collectability. At December 31, 2019, nonaccrual loans and leases included $11.1 million of loans and leases 90 or more days past due, $1.2 million of loans and leases 30 to 89 days past due, and $80.0 million of current loans and leases that were placed on nonaccrual status based on management’s judgment regarding their collectability.
As of September 30, 2020, our three largest loan relationships on nonaccrual status had an aggregate carrying value of $49.3 million and represented 58% of total nonaccrual loans and leases.
The following tables present the credit risk rating categories for loans and leases held for investment, net of deferred fees, by loan portfolio segment and class as of the dates indicated. Classified loans and leases are those with a credit risk rating of either substandard or doubtful.
September 30, 2020
ClassifiedSpecial MentionPassTotal
(In thousands)
Real estate mortgage:
Commercial$109,651 $330,367 $3,752,448 $4,192,466 
Income producing and other residential9,558 63,378 3,611,643 3,684,579 
Total real estate mortgage119,209 393,745 7,364,091 7,877,045 
Real estate construction and land:
Commercial324 13,838 1,227,485 1,241,647 
Residential— — 2,182,100 2,182,100 
Total real estate construction and land324 13,838 3,409,585 3,423,747 
Commercial:
Asset-based27,900 190,193 2,934,955 3,153,048 
Venture capital15,078 123,675 1,498,379 1,637,132 
Other commercial111,553 57,787 2,403,654 2,572,994 
Total commercial154,531 371,655 6,836,988 7,363,174 
Consumer 508 4,518 357,208 362,234 
Total$274,572 $783,756 $17,967,872 $19,026,200 

December 31, 2019
ClassifiedSpecial MentionPassTotal
(In thousands)
Real estate mortgage:
Commercial$33,535 $30,070 $4,139,082 $4,202,687 
Income producing and other residential8,600 1,711 3,759,749 3,770,060 
Total real estate mortgage42,135 31,781 7,898,831 7,972,747 
Real estate construction and land:
Commercial364 — 1,082,004 1,082,368 
Residential— 1,429 1,654,005 1,655,434 
Total real estate construction and land364 1,429 2,736,009 2,737,802 
Commercial:
Asset-based32,223 38,936 3,677,248 3,748,407 
Venture capital35,316 74,813 2,069,293 2,179,422 
Other commercial65,261 174,785 1,527,621 1,767,667 
Total commercial132,800 288,534 7,274,162 7,695,496 
Consumer 613 1,212 439,002 440,827 
Total$175,912 $322,956 $18,348,004 $18,846,872 
The following table presents our nonaccrual loans and leases by loan portfolio segment and class and by with and without an allowance recorded as of the date indicated and interest income recognized on nonaccrual loans and leases for the period indicated:
At and For the Three Months EndedAt and For the Nine Months Ended
 September 30, 2020September 30, 2020
NonaccrualInterestNonaccrualInterest
Recorded Income RecordedIncome
InvestmentRecognizedInvestmentRecognized
 (In thousands)(In thousands)
With An Allowance Recorded:  
Real estate mortgage:
Commercial$736 $— $736 $— 
Income producing and other residential1,163 — 1,163 — 
Commercial:
Asset based2,248 — 2,248 — 
Venture capital2,001 — 2,001 — 
Other commercial1,235 — 1,235 — 
Consumer404 — 404 — 
With No Related Allowance Recorded:
Real estate mortgage:
Commercial$44,384 $155 $44,384 $285 
Income producing and other residential845 — 845 — 
Real estate construction and land:
Commercial324 — 324 — 
Commercial:
Asset based569 — 569 — 
Other commercial31,706 517 31,706 1,628 
Total Loans and Leases With and
Without an Allowance Recorded:
Real estate mortgage$47,128 $155 $47,128 $285 
Real estate construction and land324 — 324 — 
Commercial37,759 517 37,759 1,628 
Consumer404 — 404 — 
Total$85,615 $672 $85,615 $1,913 
The following tables present our loans held for investment by loan portfolio segment and class, by credit quality indicator (internal risk ratings), and by year of origination (vintage year) as of the date indicated:
Revolving
Converted
Amortized Cost BasisTerm Loans by Origination YearRevolvingto Term
September 30, 202020202019201820172016PriorLoansLoansTotal
(In thousands)
Real Estate Mortgage:
Commercial
Internal risk rating:
1-2 High pass$— $28,297 $15,106 $13,295 $7,746 $47,517 $— $— $111,961 
3-4 Pass459,907 453,362 646,326 804,351 362,735 846,325 63,689 3,792 3,640,487 
5 Special mention— 70,371 79,083 3,034 75,221 102,658 — — 330,367 
6-8 Classified— 1,301 55,863 5,187 3,444 43,856 — — 109,651 
Total$459,907 $553,331 $796,378 $825,867 $449,146 $1,040,356 $63,689 $3,792 $4,192,466 
Current YTD period:
Gross charge-offs$— $— $— $3,330 $— $2,677 $— $— $6,007 
Gross recoveries— — — (9)— (262)— — (271)
Net $— $— $— $3,321 $— $2,415 $— $— $5,736 
Real Estate Mortgage:
Income Producing and
Other Residential
Internal risk rating:
1-2 High pass$27,760 $25,590 $36,440 $35,858 $46,419 $12,260 $— $— $184,327 
3-4 Pass256,056 844,049 1,179,643 587,821 247,643 199,144 112,390 570 3,427,316 
5 Special mention12,308 4,207 42,660 1,863 — — 2,340 — 63,378 
6-8 Classified— — 2,874 — — 5,608 83 993 9,558 
Total$296,124 $873,846 $1,261,617 $625,542 $294,062 $217,012 $114,813 $1,563 $3,684,579 
Current YTD period:
Gross charge-offs$— $— $— $— $— $51 $— $175 $226 
Gross recoveries— — — — — (88)(1)— (89)
Net $— $— $— $— $— $(37)$(1)$175 $137 
Real Estate Construction
and Land: Commercial
Internal risk rating:
1-2 High pass$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
3-4 Pass38,945 335,115 385,317 209,380 106,937 139,453 6,630 5,708 1,227,485 
5 Special mention— — 13,838 — — — — — 13,838 
6-8 Classified— — — — — 324 — — 324 
Total$38,945 $335,115 $399,155 $209,380 $106,937 $139,777 $6,630 $5,708 $1,241,647 
Current YTD period:
Gross charge-offs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Gross recoveries— — — — — — — — — 
Net $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Revolving
Converted
Amortized Cost BasisTerm Loans by Origination YearRevolvingto Term
September 30, 202020202019201820172016PriorLoansLoansTotal
(In thousands)
Real Estate Construction
and Land: Residential
Internal risk rating:
1-2 High pass$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
3-4 Pass236,355 501,855 835,914 512,565 35,286 315 9,034 50,776 2,182,100 
5 Special mention— — — — — — — — — 
6-8 Classified— — — — — — — — — 
Total$236,355 $501,855 $835,914 $512,565 $35,286 $315 $9,034 $50,776 $2,182,100 
Current YTD period:
Gross charge-offs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Gross recoveries— — — — — (21)— — (21)
Net $— $— $— $— $— $(21)$— $— $(21)
Commercial: Asset-Based
Internal risk rating:
1-2 High pass$33,273 $167,859 $116,944 $65,740 $120,644 $87,642 $231,234 $73,549 $896,885 
3-4 Pass61,548 123,290 81,362 36,075 13,181 48,991 1,653,848 19,775 2,038,070 
5 Special mention— 64,586 61,726 21,043 14,913 958 22,150 4,817 190,193 
6-8 Classified— — — — 19,398 569 8,791 (858)27,900 
Total$94,821 $355,735 $260,032 $122,858 $168,136 $138,160 $1,916,023 $97,283 $3,153,048 
Current YTD period:
Gross charge-offs$— $— $— $— $— $11,817 $— $— $11,817 
Gross recoveries(39)— — — — (323)(231)— (593)
Net $(39)$— $— $— $— $11,494 $(231)$— $11,224 
Commercial: Venture
Capital
Internal risk rating:
1-2 High pass (1)
$2,003 $5,644 $— $(4)$(6)$(4)$234,321 $— $241,954 
3-4 Pass59,229 133,479 44,599 9,733 32,079 6,550 965,206 5,550 1,256,425 
5 Special mention5,958 38,163 1,586 4,000 526 — 68,331 5,111 123,675 
6-8 Classified— (1,663)11,750 — — 3,663 1,328 — 15,078 
Total$67,190 $175,623 $57,935 $13,729 $32,599 $10,209 $1,269,186 $10,661 $1,637,132 
Current YTD period:
Gross charge-offs$— $— $6,534 $— $(8)$150 $142 $— $6,818 
Gross recoveries— — (177)(128)(145)(3)(450)— (903)
Net $— $— $6,357 $(128)$(153)$147 $(308)$— $5,915 
____________________
(1)    Amounts with negative balances are loans with zero principal balances and deferred loan origination fees.
Revolving
Converted
Amortized Cost BasisTerm Loans by Origination YearRevolvingto Term
September 30, 202020202019201820172016PriorLoansLoansTotal
(In thousands)
Commercial: Other
Commercial
Internal risk rating:
1-2 High pass$1,212,466 $409 $7 $390 $73 $1,592 $77,891 $94 $1,292,922 
3-4 Pass57,738 98,217 105,234 83,456 32,063 108,219 619,093 6,712 1,110,732 
5 Special mention— 1,011 — 316 1,735 5,398 48,252 1,075 57,787 
6-8 Classified— 2 84 48 2,969 7,723 97,357 3,370 111,553 
Total$1,270,204 $99,639 $105,325 $84,210 $36,840 $122,932 $842,593 $11,251 $2,572,994 
Current YTD period:
Gross charge-offs$— $— $— $506 $214 $33,492 $11,662 $1,828 $47,702 
Gross recoveries— (9)(8)(26)(84)(2,683)(100)(4)(2,914)
Net $— $(9)$(8)$480 $130 $30,809 $11,562 $1,824 $44,788 
Consumer
Internal risk rating:
1-2 High pass$22 $— $9 $16 $— $101 $453 $— $601 
3-4 Pass45,224 126,060 69,895 44,717 48,158 14,164 8,383 6 356,607 
5 Special mention— — 2,332 534 1,172 480 — — 4,518 
6-8 Classified— 74 — — 57 342 2 33 508 
Total$45,246 $126,134 $72,236 $45,267 $49,387 $15,087 $8,838 $39 $362,234 
Current YTD period:
Gross charge-offs$— $97 $86 $152 $295 $44 $22 $9 $705 
Gross recoveries— — (1)(8)(15)(24)— — (48)
Net $— $97 $85 $144 $280 $20 $22 $9 $657 
Total Loans and Leases
Internal risk rating:
1-2 High pass$1,275,524 $227,799 $168,506 $115,295 $174,876 $149,108 $543,899 $73,643 $2,728,650 
3-4 Pass1,215,002 2,615,427 3,348,290 2,288,098 878,082 1,363,161 3,438,273 92,889 15,239,222 
5 Special mention18,266 178,338 201,225 30,790 93,567 109,494 141,073 11,003 783,756 
6-8 Classified— (286)70,571 5,235 25,868 62,085 107,561 3,538 274,572 
Total$2,508,792 $3,021,278 $3,788,592 $2,439,418 $1,172,393 $1,683,848 $4,230,806 $181,073 $19,026,200 
Current YTD period:
Gross charge-offs$— $97 $6,620 $3,988 $501 $48,231 $11,826 $2,012 $73,275 
Gross recoveries(39)(9)(186)(171)(244)(3,404)(782)(4)(4,839)
Net $(39)$88 $6,434 $3,817 $257 $44,827 $11,044 $2,008 $68,436 
TDRs are a result of rate reductions, term extensions, fee concessions, transfers to foreclosed assets, discounted loan payoffs, and debt forgiveness, or a combination thereof. The Company has granted various commercial and consumer loan modifications to provide borrowers relief from the economic impacts of COVID-19. In accordance with the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security ("CARES") Act, the Company has elected to not apply TDR classification to COVID-19 related loan modifications that met all of the requisite criteria as stipulated in the CARES Act. The following table presents our troubled debt restructurings of loans held for investment by loan portfolio segment and class for the periods indicated:
Three Months Ended September 30,
 20202019
Pre-Post-Pre-Post-
ModificationModificationModificationModification
NumberOutstandingOutstandingNumberOutstandingOutstanding
of RecordedRecordedof RecordedRecorded
Troubled Debt RestructuringsLoansInvestmentInvestmentLoansInvestmentInvestment
 (Dollars in thousands)
Real estate mortgage:
Commercial1 $12,594 $— — $— $— 
Income producing and other residential2 157 157 2 495 495 
Commercial:
Asset-based 1 15,267 — — — — 
Venture capital1 2,015 2,015 1 — — 
Other commercial5 7,105 100 3 99 99 
Total 10 $37,138 $2,272 6 $594 $594 

Nine Months Ended September 30,
 20202019
Pre-Post-Pre-Post-
ModificationModificationModificationModification
NumberOutstandingOutstandingNumberOutstandingOutstanding
of RecordedRecordedof RecordedRecorded
Troubled Debt RestructuringsLoansInvestmentInvestmentLoansInvestmentInvestment
 (Dollars in thousands)
Real estate mortgage:
Commercial9 $16,339 $3,745 1 $37 $— 
Income producing and other residential6 911 911 7 1,280 1,280 
Commercial:
Asset-based 8 17,008 1,741 1 620 620 
Venture capital2 2,047 2,047 11 16,076 16,214 
Other commercial33 30,324 21,544 14 792 792 
Consumer3 212 212 — — — 
Total 61 $66,841 $30,200 34 $18,805 $18,906 
During the three months ended September 30, 2020, there was one $412,000 real estate mortgage commercial loan restructured in the preceding 12-month period that subsequently defaulted. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, there was one $412,000 real estate mortgage commercial loan and one $5,000 other commercial loan restructured in the preceding 12-month period that subsequently defaulted.
During the three months ended September 30, 2019, there were three other commercial loan of $133,000 and one income producing and other residential loan for $254,000 restructured in the preceding 12-month period that subsequently defaulted. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, there were two venture capital loans totaling $441,000, three other commercial loans totaling $133,000, and one income producing and other residential loan for $254,000 restructured in the preceding 12-month period that subsequently defaulted.
Leases Receivable
We provide equipment financing to our customers primarily with operating and direct financing leases. For direct financing leases, lease receivables are recorded on the balance sheet but the leased equipment is not, although we generally retain legal title to the leased equipment until the end of each lease. Direct financing leases are stated at the net amount of minimum lease payments receivable, plus any unguaranteed residual value, less the amount of unearned income and net acquisition discount at the reporting date. Direct lease origination costs are amortized using the effective interest method over the life of the leases. Direct financing leases are subject to our accounting for allowance for loan and lease losses. See Note 8. Leases for information regarding operating leases where we are the lessor.
The following table provides the components of leases receivable income for the periods indicated:
Three Months EndedNine Months Ended
September 30,September 30,
2020201920202019
(In thousands)
Component of leases receivable income:
Interest income on net investments in leases$1,869 $2,648 $6,224 $8,674 

The following table presents the components of leases receivable as of the dates indicated:
September 30, 2020December 31, 2019
(In thousands)
Net investment in direct financing leases:
Lease payments receivable$124,550 $147,729 
Unguaranteed residual assets18,404 20,806 
Deferred costs and other550 655 
Aggregate net investment in leases$143,504 $169,190 
The following table presents maturities of leases receivable as of the date indicated:
September 30, 2020
(In thousands)
Period ending December 31,
2020$16,794 
202161,600 
202225,977 
202315,329 
202411,416 
2025 and thereafter3,160 
Total undiscounted cash flows134,276 
Less: Unearned income(9,726)
Present value of lease payments$124,550 
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses
The following tables present a summary of the activity in the allowance for loan and lease losses on loans and leases held for investment by loan portfolio segment for the periods indicated:
Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
Real Estate
Real EstateConstruction
Mortgageand LandCommercialConsumerTotal
(In thousands)
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses:
Balance, beginning of period$130,724 $70,113 $97,947 $2,266 $301,050 
Charge-offs(1,551)— (35,666)(67)(37,284)
Recoveries109 21 1,063 7 1,200 
Net charge-offs(1,442)21 (34,603)(60)(36,084)
Provision (negative provision)(7,588)20,039 64,921 3,628 81,000 
Balance, end of period$121,694 $90,173 $128,265 $5,834 $345,966 

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
Real Estate
Real EstateConstruction
Mortgageand LandCommercialConsumerTotal
(In thousands)
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses:
Balance, beginning of period$44,575 $30,544 $61,528 $2,138 $138,785 
Cumulative effect of change in accounting
principle - CECL5,308 (8,592)6,860 41 3,617 
Balance, January 1, 202049,883 21,952 68,388 2,179 142,402 
Charge-offs(6,233)— (66,337)(705)(73,275)
Recoveries360 21 4,410 48 4,839 
Net charge-offs(5,873)21 (61,927)(657)(68,436)
Provision77,684 68,200 121,804 4,312 272,000 
Balance, end of period$121,694 $90,173 $128,265 $5,834 $345,966 
Ending Allowance by
Evaluation Methodology:
Individually evaluated $340 $— $2,584 $— $2,924 
Collectively evaluated $121,354 $90,173 $125,681 $5,834 $343,042 
Ending Loans and Leases by
Evaluation Methodology:
Individually evaluated $51,852 $1,782 $41,501 $— $95,135 
Collectively evaluated 7,825,193 3,421,965 7,321,673 362,234 18,931,065 
Ending balance$7,877,045 $3,423,747 $7,363,174 $362,234 $19,026,200 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
Real Estate
Real EstateConstruction
Mortgageand LandCommercialConsumerTotal
(In thousands)
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses:
Balance, beginning of period$46,826 $26,378 $59,401 $2,432 $135,037 
Charge-offs(120)— (6,021)(360)(6,501)
Recoveries95 — 1,898 23 2,016 
Net charge-offs(25)— (4,123)(337)(4,485)
Provision (negative provision)(1,655)683 8,907 65 8,000 
Balance, end of period$45,146 $27,061 $64,185 $2,160 $138,552 

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Real Estate
Real EstateConstruction
Mortgageand LandCommercialConsumerTotal
(In thousands)
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses:
Balance, beginning of period $46,021 $28,209 $56,360 $1,882 $132,472 
Charge-offs(850)— (25,951)(802)(27,603)
Recoveries478 — 11,084 121 11,683 
Net charge-offs(372)— (14,867)(681)(15,920)
Provision (negative provision)(503)(1,148)22,692 959 22,000 
Balance, end of period$45,146 $27,061 $64,185 $2,160 $138,552 
Ending Allowance by
Evaluation Methodology:
Individually evaluated $248 $— $9,082 $— $9,330 
Collectively evaluated $44,898 $27,061 $55,103 $2,160 $129,222 
Ending Loans and Leases by
Evaluation Methodology:
Individually evaluated $29,808 $5,357 $75,455 $— $110,620 
Collectively evaluated 7,867,116 2,546,117 7,803,102 408,588 18,624,923 
Ending balance$7,896,924 $2,551,474 $7,878,557 $408,588 $18,735,543 
The allowance for loan and lease losses increased by $44.9 million in the third quarter of 2020 to $346.0 million due primarily to a provision for loan and lease losses of $81.0 million driven by changes in the economic forecast, changes in modeling assumptions, and increased provisions for individually evaluated loans and leases.
We actively participated in the Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP"), under the provisions of the CARES Act during the second quarter of 2020. As of September 30, 2020, PPP loans had an outstanding balance of approximately $1.2 billion. The loans have two-year terms, are fully guaranteed by the SBA, and do not carry an allowance. As of September 30, 2020, none of the PPP loans have been forgiven.
A loan is considered collateral-dependent, and is individually evaluated for reserve purposes, when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. The following table summarizes collateral-dependent loans held for investment by collateral type as of the following date:
September 30, 2020
RealBusiness
PropertyAssetsTotal
(In thousands)
Real estate mortgage$45,504 $— $45,504 
Real estate construction and land1,782 — 1,782 
Commercial— 28,136 28,136 
     Total$47,286 $28,136 $75,422 
Allowance for Credit Losses
The allowance for credit losses is the combination of the allowance for loan and lease losses and the reserve for unfunded loan commitments. The reserve for unfunded loan commitments is included within "Accrued interest payable and other liabilities" on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
The following tables present a summary of the activity in the allowance for loan and lease losses and reserve for unfunded loan commitments for the periods indicated:
Three Months Ended
September 30, 2020
Allowance for Reserve forTotal
Loan and Unfunded LoanAllowance for
Lease LossesCommitmentsCredit Losses
(In thousands)
Balance, beginning of period$301,050 $80,571 $381,621 
Charge-offs(37,284)— (37,284)
Recoveries1,200 — 1,200 
Net charge-offs(36,084)— (36,084)
Provision 81,000 16,000 97,000 
Balance, end of period$345,966 $96,571 $442,537 

Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2020
Allowance for Reserve forTotal
Loan and Unfunded LoanAllowance for
Lease LossesCommitmentsCredit Losses
(In thousands)
Balance, beginning of period $138,785 $35,861 $174,646 
Cumulative effect of change in accounting
principle - CECL3,617 3,710 7,327 
Balance, January 1, 2020142,402 39,571 181,973 
Charge-offs(73,275)— (73,275)
Recoveries4,839 — 4,839 
Net charge-offs(68,436)— (68,436)
Provision272,000 57,000 329,000 
Balance, end of period$345,966 $96,571 $442,537 
Three Months Ended
September 30, 2019
Allowance for Reserve forTotal
Loan and Unfunded LoanAllowance for
Lease LossesCommitmentsCredit Losses
(In thousands)
Balance, beginning of period$135,037 $34,861 $169,898 
Charge-offs(6,501)— (6,501)
Recoveries2,016 — 2,016 
Net charge-offs(4,485)— (4,485)
Provision (negative provision)8,000 (1,000)7,000 
Balance, end of period$138,552 $33,861 $172,413 

Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2019
Allowance for Reserve forTotal
Loan and Unfunded LoanAllowance for
Lease LossesCommitmentsCredit Losses
(In thousands)
Balance, beginning of period$132,472 $36,861 $169,333 
Charge-offs(27,603)— (27,603)
Recoveries11,683 — 11,683 
Net charge-offs(15,920)— (15,920)
Provision (negative provision)22,000 (3,000)19,000 
Balance, end of period$138,552 $33,861 $172,413