Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Business Combinations and Other Purchase of Business Transactions, Policy [Policy Text Block]

PacWest Bancorp is a bank holding company registered under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended. Our principal business is to serve as the holding company for our wholly-owned banking subsidiary, Pacific Western Bank, which we refer to as “Pacific Western” or the “Bank.” When we say “we,” “our,” or the “Company,” we mean PacWest Bancorp together with its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. When we refer to “PacWest” or to the holding company, we are referring to PacWest Bancorp, the parent company, on a stand‑alone basis. As of December 31, 2015, we had total assets of $21.3 billion, gross loans and leases of $14.5 billion, total deposits of $15.7 billion and total stockholders' equity of $4.4 billion.

We are focused on relationship-based business banking to small, middle-market and venture-backed businesses nationwide. The Bank offers a broad range of loan and lease and deposit products and services through 80 full-service branches located throughout the State of California, one branch located in Durham, North Carolina, and several loan production offices located in cities across the country. We provide commercial banking services, including real estate, construction, and commercial loans and leases, and comprehensive deposit and treasury management services to small and middle market businesses. We offer products and services under the brand names of Pacific Western as well as its business groups, CapitalSource and Square 1 Bank. CapitalSource focuses on providing cash flow, asset-based, equipment and real estate loans and treasury management services to established middle-market businesses on a national basis. Square 1 Bank focuses on providing a comprehensive suite of financial products tailored to service entrepreneurial businesses and their venture capital and private equity investors, with offices located in key innovation hubs across the United States. Square 1 Asset Management, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Bank and a SEC-registered investment adviser, provides investment advisory and asset management services to select clients. When we refer to "CapitalSource Inc." we are referring to the company acquired on April 7, 2014 and when we refer to the "CapitalSource Division" we are referring to a division of Pacific Western Bank that specializes in middle-market lending on a nationwide basis.

We generate our revenue primarily from interest received on loans and leases and, to a lesser extent, from interest received on investment securities, and fees received in connection with deposit services, extending credit and other services offered, including foreign exchange services. Our major operating expenses are the interest paid by the Bank on deposits and borrowings, compensation and general operating expenses.

We have completed 28 acquisitions from May 1, 2000 through December 31, 2015, including the acquisition of Square 1 Financial, Inc. ("Square 1") on October 6, 2015. Our acquisitions have been accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting and, accordingly, the operating results of the acquired entities have been included in the consolidated financial statements from their respective acquisition dates. See Note 4. Acquisitions, for more information about the Square 1 acquisition, the CapitalSource Inc. merger, and the acquisition of First California Financial Group, Inc. ("FCAL") on May 31, 2013.

Schedule of New Accounting Pronouncements and Changes in Accounting Principles [Table Text Block]

(a) Accounting Standard Adopted in 2015

Effective January 1, 2015, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update 2014-01, new accounting guidance for investments in affordable housing projects that qualify for the low-income housing tax credit. As a result of the adoption of this new guidance, the Company made an accounting policy election to amortize the initial cost of its qualifying investments in proportion to the tax credits and other benefits received and to present the amortization as a component of income tax expense, referred to as the proportional amortization method. Previously, investments in low-income housing tax credits were accounted for under the equity method and such amortization was presented in other expense. The guidance was required to be applied retrospectively and accordingly, prior period amounts for other expense and tax expense have been revised to conform to the current period presentation.

The retrospective application of the adoption of the new accounting guidance for the proportional amortization method resulted in a cumulative effect on retained earnings of a reduction of $195,000.

Basis of Accounting, Policy [Policy Text Block]

The accounting and reporting policies of the Company are in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, which we may refer to as U.S. GAAP. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates

Management of the Company has made a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period to prepare these consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates subject to change in the near term include, among other items, the allowance for credit losses, the carrying value of intangible assets, the carrying value of the FDIC loss sharing asset, and the realization of deferred tax assets.

As described in Note 4. Acquisitions, below, we completed the Square 1 acquisition on October 6, 2015, the CapitalSource Inc. merger on April 7, 2014, and the acquisition of FCAL on May 31, 2013. The acquired assets and liabilities in each of these acquisitions were measured at their estimated fair values. Management made significant estimates and exercised significant judgment in estimating such fair values and accounting for the acquired assets and assumed liabilities in each of these transactions.

Reclassifications

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period’s presentation format. On the consolidated balance sheets, the "Other assets" category includes "FDIC loss sharing asset," which was previously reported as a separate category. For the loan portfolio segment disclosures: (1) the "Real estate mortgage" loan portfolio segment was divided into two new loan classes, "Commercial" and "Residential;" the new "Commercial" loan class includes the "Hospitality" and "SBA" loan classes that were previously reported separately, as well as the portion of the "Other" loan class related to commercial real estate loans, while the new "Residential" loan class includes the portion of the "Other" loan class related to residential real estate loans, (2) the "Cash flow" loan class of the "Commercial" loan portfolio segment includes the "Unsecured" and "SBA" loan classes that were previously reported separately, and (3) the "Asset-based" loan class of the "Commercial" loan portfolio segment includes the "Collateralized" loan class that was previously reported separately. The operating segments previously reported have been aggregated to one segment to conform to the current period's presentation format. These reclassifications do not affect previously reported net income.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For purposes of the consolidated statements of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash, due from banks, and interest‑earning deposits in financial institutions. Interest‑earning assets in financial institutions represent mostly cash held at the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco (“FRBSF”), the majority of which is immediately available.

Investment Securities

We determine the classification of securities at the time of purchase. If we have the intent and the ability at the time of purchase to hold securities until maturity, they are classified as held‑to‑maturity. Investment securities held‑to‑maturity are stated at amortized cost. Securities to be held for indefinite periods of time, but not necessarily to be held‑to‑maturity or on a long‑term basis, are classified as available‑for‑sale and carried at estimated fair value, with unrealized gains or losses reported as a separate component of stockholders’ equity in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of applicable income taxes. Securities available‑for‑sale include securities that management intends to use as part of its asset/liability management strategy and that may be sold in response to changes in interest rates, prepayment risk, and other related factors. Securities are individually evaluated for appropriate classification when acquired; consequently, similar types of securities may be classified differently depending on factors existing at the time of purchase.

The carrying values of all securities are adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts using the interest method. Realized gains or losses on the sale of securities, if any, are determined using the amortized cost of the specific securities sold. Declines in the fair value of debt securities classified as available-for-sale are reviewed to determine whether the impairment is other-than-temporary. This review considers a number of factors, including the severity of the decline in fair value, current market conditions, historical performance of the security, risk ratings and the length of time the security has been in an unrealized loss position. If we do not expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the security, then an other-than-temporary impairment is considered to have occurred. The cost basis of the security is written down to its estimated fair value and the amount of the write‑down is recognized through a charge to earnings.

Investments in Federal Home Loan Bank of San Francisco, or "FHLB," stock are carried at cost and evaluated regularly for impairment. FHLB stock is expected to be redeemed at par and is a required investment based on measurements of the Bank’s assets and/or borrowing levels.

Loans and Leases

Originated loans. Loans are originated by the Company with the intent to hold them for investment and are stated at the principal amount outstanding, net of unearned income. Unearned income includes deferred unamortized nonrefundable loan fees and direct loan origination costs. Net deferred fees or costs are recognized as an adjustment to interest income over the contractual life of the loans using the effective interest method or taken into income when the related loans are paid off or sold. The amortization of loan fees or costs is discontinued when a loan is placed on nonaccrual status. Interest income is recorded on an accrual basis in accordance with the terms of the respective loan.

Purchased loans. Purchased loans are stated at the principal amount outstanding, net of unearned discounts or unamortized premiums. All loans acquired in our acquisitions are initially measured and recorded at their fair value on the acquisition date. A component of the initial fair value measurement is an estimate of the credit losses over the life of the purchased loans. Purchased loans are also evaluated for impairment as of the acquisition date and are accounted for as “acquired non‑impaired” or “purchased credit impaired” loans.

Acquired non‑impaired loans. Acquired non‑impaired loans are those loans for which there was no evidence of credit deterioration at their acquisition date and it was probable that we would be able to collect all contractually required payments. Acquired non‑impaired loans, together with originated loans, are referred to as non‑purchased credit impaired (“Non‑PCI”) loans. Purchase discount or premium on acquired non‑impaired loans is recognized as an adjustment to interest income over the contractual life of such loans using the effective interest method or taken into income when the related loans are paid off or sold.

Purchased credit impaired loans. Purchased credit impaired (“PCI”) loans are accounted for in accordance with ASC Subtopic 310‑30, “Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality.” A purchased loan is deemed to be credit impaired when there is evidence of credit deterioration since its origination and it is probable at the acquisition date that collection of all contractually required payments is unlikely. We apply PCI loan accounting when we acquire loans deemed to be impaired, and as a general policy election when we acquire a portfolio of loans in a distressed bank acquisition.

For PCI loans, at the time of acquisition we (i) calculated the contractual amount and timing of undiscounted principal and interest payments (the “undiscounted contractual cash flows”) and (ii) estimated the amount and timing of undiscounted expected principal and interest payments (the “undiscounted expected cash flows”). The difference between the undiscounted contractual cash flows and the undiscounted expected cash flows is the nonaccretable difference. The nonaccretable difference represents an estimate of the loss exposure of principal and interest related to the PCI loan portfolios; such amount is subject to change over time based on the performance of such loans. The carrying value of PCI loans is reduced by payments received, both principal and interest, and increased by the portion of the accretable yield recognized as interest income.

The excess of the undiscounted expected cash flows at acquisition over the initial fair value of acquired impaired loans is referred to as the “accretable yield” and is recorded as interest income over the estimated life of the loans using the effective yield method if the timing and amount of the future cash flows is reasonably estimable. PCI loans that are contractually past due are still considered to be accruing and performing as long as there is an expectation that the estimated cash flows will be received. If the timing and amount of cash flows is uncertain, then cash payments received will be recognized as a reduction of the recorded investment.

As part of the fair value process and the subsequent accounting, the Company aggregates PCI loans into pools having common credit risk characteristics such as type and risk rating. Increases in expected cash flows over those previously estimated increase the accretable yield and are recognized as interest income prospectively. Decreases in the amount and changes in the timing of expected cash flows compared to those previously estimated decrease the accretable yield and usually result in a provision for loan losses and the establishment of an allowance for loan losses. As the accretable yield increases or decreases from changes in cash flow expectations, the offset is a decrease or increase to the nonaccretable difference. The accretable yield is measured at each financial reporting date based on information then currently available and represents the difference between the remaining undiscounted expected cash flows and the current carrying value of the loans.

Leases. We provide equipment financing to our customers through a variety of lease arrangements. The most common arrangement is a direct financing (capital) lease. For direct financing leases, lease receivables are recorded on the balance sheet but the leased property is not, although we generally retain legal title to the leased property until the end of each lease. Direct financing leases are stated at the net amount of minimum lease payments receivable, plus any unguaranteed residual value, less the amount of unearned income and net acquisition discount at the reporting date. Direct lease origination costs are amortized over the weighted average life of the lease portfolio. Leases acquired in an acquisition are initially measured and recorded at their fair value on the acquisition date. Purchase discount or premium on acquired leases is recognized as an adjustment to interest income over the contractual life of the leases using the effective interest method or taken into income when the related leases are paid off. Direct financing leases are subject to our allowance for loans and leases.

Operating leases represents a line of business where we purchase equipment which is then leased to our customers. We receive periodic rental income payments, which are recorded as noninterest income, and the equipment remains on our balance sheet and is depreciated in line with our fixed asset accounting policy.

Leases in process. We offer “progress funding” which works similarly to a bridge loan by financing an item to be leased during the construction or build phase. Lessees pay interest on the amount advanced to fund a project at an interest rate implicit in the master lease agreement; such income is deferred until the project funding is complete. The amount of funding advanced during the progress funding period is recorded in other assets. At the end of the progress funding period, we either (i) enter into a lease agreement with the lessee and the deferred income is accreted to interest income using an effective yield method over the life of the lease, or (ii) sell the lease to a third party lender and recognize the deferred income as part of any gain or loss on such sale.

Loans and Leases Held for Sale. As part of our management of the loans and leases held in our portfolio, we will occasionally transfer loans from held for investment to held for sale. Upon transfer, any associated allowance for loan and lease loss is charged off and the carrying value of the loan is adjusted to the lower of cost or estimated fair value. Gains or losses on the sale of these loans are recorded in noninterest income.

Delinquent or past due loans and leases. Loans and leases are considered delinquent when principal or interest payments are past due 30 days or more; delinquent loans may remain on accrual status between 30 days and 89 days past due.

Nonaccrual loans and leases. Loans on which the accrual of interest has been discontinued are designated as nonaccrual loans. The accrual of interest on loans is discontinued when principal or interest payments are past due 90 days or when, in the opinion of management, there is a reasonable doubt as to collectability in the normal course of business. When loans are placed on nonaccrual status, all interest previously accrued but not collected is reversed against current period interest income. Income on nonaccrual loans is subsequently recognized only to the extent that cash is received and the loan’s principal balance is deemed collectable. Loans are restored to accrual status when the loans become both well‑secured and are in the process of collection. Leases are designated as nonaccrual leases when the recognition of interest has been discontinued. The recognition of interest on leases is discontinued when a lessee’s payments are past due 90 days or when, in the opinion of management, there is a reasonable doubt as to collectability. Interest on nonaccrual leases is subsequently recognized only to the extent that cash is received and the lease balance is deemed collectable. Leases are restored to accrual status when the leases become both well-secured and are in the process of collection.

Impaired loans and leases. A loan or lease is considered impaired when it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan or lease agreement. Impaired loans and leases include loans and leases on nonaccrual status and performing restructured loans. Income from impaired loans is recognized on an accrual basis unless the loan is on nonaccrual status. Income from loans on nonaccrual status is recognized to the extent cash is received and when the loan’s principal balance is deemed collectable. We measure impairment of a loan by using the estimated fair value of the collateral, less estimated costs to sell, including senior obligations such as delinquent property taxes, if the loan is collateral‑dependent and the present value of the expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate if the loan is not collateral‑dependent. The impairment amount on a collateral‑dependent loan is charged‑off to the allowance and the impairment amount on a loan that is not collateral‑dependent is set up as a specific reserve. We measure impairment of a lease based upon the present value of the scheduled lease and residual cash flows, discounted at the lease’s effective interest rate.

Troubled debt restructurings. A loan is classified as a troubled debt restructuring when we grant a concession to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties. These concessions may include a reduction of the interest rate, principal or accrued interest, extension of the maturity date or other actions intended to minimize potential losses. All loan modifications are evaluated on an individual basis to determine whether such modifications meet the criteria to be classified as a troubled debt restructuring under ASC Subtopic 310‑40, “Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors.” Loans restructured at a rate equal to or greater than that of a new loan with comparable market risk at the time the loan is modified may be excluded from restructured loan disclosures in years subsequent to the restructuring if the loans are in compliance with their modified terms.

A loan that has been placed on nonaccrual status that is subsequently restructured will usually remain on nonaccrual status until the borrower is able to demonstrate repayment performance in compliance with the restructured terms for a sustained period, typically for six months. A restructured loan may return to accrual status sooner based on other significant events or mitigating circumstances. A loan that has not been placed on nonaccrual status may be restructured and such loan may remain on accrual status after such restructuring. In these circumstances, the borrower has made payments before and after the restructuring. Generally, this restructuring involves a reduction in the loan interest rate and/or a change to interest‑only payments for a period of time. The restructured loan is considered impaired despite the accrual status and a specific reserve is calculated based on the present value of expected cash flows discounted at the loan’s original effective interest rate.

Allowance for Credit Losses

Allowances for Credit Losses

Allowance for credit losses on Non‑PCI loans and leases. The allowance for credit losses on non-purchased credit impaired ("Non-PCI") loans and leases is the combination of the allowance for loan and lease losses and the reserve for unfunded loan commitments. The allowance for loan and lease losses is reported as a reduction of outstanding loan and lease balances and the reserve for unfunded loan commitments is included within "Accrued interest payable and other liabilities." The following discussion is for Non-PCI loans and leases and the allowance for credit losses thereon. For the allowance policy on purchased credit impaired loans and leases, refer to "—Allowance for Credit Losses on Purchased Credit Impaired Loans." For loans and leases acquired and measured at fair value and deemed non-impaired on the acquisition date, our allowance methodology measures deterioration in credit quality or other inherent risks related to these acquired assets that arise after the acquisition date.

The allowance for loan and lease losses is maintained at a level deemed appropriate by management to adequately provide for known and inherent risks in the loan and lease portfolio and other extensions of credit at the balance sheet date. The allowance is based upon our continual review of the credit quality of the loan and lease portfolio, which includes loan and lease payment trends, borrowers' compliance with loan agreements, borrowers' current and budgeted financial performance, collateral valuation trends, and current economic factors and external conditions that may affect our borrowers' ability to pay. Loans and leases that are deemed to be uncollectable are charged off and deducted from the allowance. The provision for loan and lease losses and recoveries on loans and leases previously charged off are added to the allowance.

The allowance for loan and lease losses contains a general reserve component for loans and leases not considered impaired and a specific reserve component for loans and leases determined to be impaired.

A loan or lease is considered impaired when it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the original contractual terms of the agreement. We assess our loans for impairment on an on-going basis using certain criteria such as payment performance, borrower reported financial results and budgets, and other external factors when appropriate. We measure impairment of a loan based upon the fair value of the loan’s collateral if the loan is collateral-dependent or the present value of cash flows, discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, if the loan is not collateral-dependent. We measure impairment of a lease based upon the present value of the scheduled lease and residual cash flows, discounted at the lease's effective interest rate. To the extent a loan or lease exceeds the estimated collectable value, a specific reserve or charge-off is recorded depending upon the certainty of the estimate of loss. Smaller balance loans (under $250,000), with a few exceptions for certain loan types, are generally not assessed individually for impairment but are evaluated collectively.

The methodology we use to estimate the general reserve component of our allowance for credit losses considers both objective and subjective criteria. The objective criteria uses our actual historical loan and lease charge-off experience on pools of similar loans and leases to establish loss factors that are applied to our current loan and lease balances to estimate inherent credit losses. The estimation of the allowance for credit losses at December 31, 2015 considered actual historical loan and lease charge-off experience over a 23-quarter look-back period starting with the first quarter of 2010. This look-back period is inclusive of the average timeframe over which charge-offs typically occur following loan or lease origination. The estimation of the allowance for credit losses at December 31, 2014 considered actual historical loan and lease charge-off experience over a five-year period starting with the fourth quarter of 2009. The increase in the historical look-back period from five-years or 20 quarters at December 31, 2014 to 23 quarters at December 31, 2015 allows the look-back period to capture sufficient loss observations and is relevant to the current portfolio; in a good economic cycle with less frequent loss events, a longer look-back period is more appropriate to reflect the level of incurred losses. When estimating the general reserve component for the various pools of similar loan types, the loss factors applied to the loan pools consider the current credit risk ratings, giving greater weight to loans with more adverse credit risk ratings. We recognize that the determination of the allowance for loan and lease losses is sensitive to the assigned credit risk ratings and inherent loss rates at any given point in time. To ensure the accuracy of our credit risk ratings, an independent credit review function assesses the ratings assigned to loans on an on-going basis.

The subjective criteria considered when establishing the loss factors include the following:


•	current economic trends and forecasts;


•	current commercial real estate values, performance trends, and overall outlook in the markets where we lend;


•	legal and regulatory matters that could impact our borrowers’ ability to repay our loans;


•	our loan portfolio composition and any loan concentrations;


•	our current lending policies and the effects of any new policies or policy amendments;


•	our new loan origination volume and the nature of it;


•	our loan portfolio credit performance trends; and


•	the results of our on-going independent credit review.

The reserve for unfunded commitments is estimated using the same loss factors as used for the allowance for loan and lease losses and is computed based only on the expected usage of the unfunded commitments.

The credit risk ratings assigned to every loan and lease are either “pass,” “special mention,” “substandard” or “doubtful” and defined as follows:


•	Pass: Loans and leases classified as "pass" are not adversely classified and collection and repayment in full is expected.


•	Special Mention: Loans and leases classified as "special mention" have a potential weakness that requires management's attention. If not addressed, these potential weaknesses may result in further deterioration in the borrower's ability to repay the loan or lease.


•	Substandard: Loans and leases classified as "substandard" have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the collection of the debt. They are characterized by the possibility that we will sustain some loss if the weaknesses are not corrected.


•	Doubtful: Loans and leases classified as "doubtful" have all the weaknesses of those classified as "substandard," with the additional trait that the weaknesses make collection or repayment in full highly questionable and improbable.

In addition, we may refer to the loans and leases with a credit risk rating of either "substandard" or "doubtful" together as "classified" loans and leases. For further information on classified loans and leases, see Note 7. Loans and Leases.

Management believes that the allowance for credit losses is appropriate for the known and inherent risks in our Non-PCI loan and lease portfolio and that the credit risk ratings and inherent loss rates currently assigned are appropriate. It is possible that others, given the same information, may at any point in time reach different conclusions that could result in a significant impact to the Company's financial statements. In addition, current credit risk ratings are subject to change as we continue to monitor our loans and leases. To the extent we experience, for example, increased levels of documentation deficiencies, adverse changes in collateral values, or negative changes in economic and business conditions that adversely affect our borrowers, our classified and impaired loans and leases may increase. Higher levels of classified and impaired loans and leases generally result in increased provisions for credit losses and an increased allowance for credit losses. Although we have established an allowance for credit losses that we consider appropriate, there can be no assurance that the established allowance will be sufficient to absorb related losses in the future.

Our federal and state banking regulators, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the Company’s allowance for credit losses. Our regulators may require the Company to recognize additions to the allowance based on their judgments related to information available to them at the time of their examinations.

Allowance for credit losses on PCI loans. The PCI loans are subject to our internal and external credit review. If deterioration in the expected cash flows results in a reserve requirement, a provision for credit losses is charged to earnings. For PCI loans, the allowance for loan losses is measured at the end of each financial reporting period based on expected cash flows. Decreases or increases in the amount and changes in the timing of expected cash flows on the PCI loans as of the financial reporting date compared to those previously estimated are usually recognized by recording a provision or a negative provision for credit losses on such loans.

FDIC Loss-Share Agreements

FDIC Loss Sharing Asset

The FDIC loss sharing asset relates to assets covered by the loss sharing agreements between the Bank and the FDIC arising from the acquisitions of Affinity Bank ("Affinity") and Los Padres Bank ("Los Padres") and, through the FCAL acquisition, the assumption of the loss sharing agreements between First California Bank and the FDIC arising from FCB’s acquisition of Western Commercial Bank ("Western Commercial") and San Luis Trust Bank ("San Luis"). The FDIC loss sharing assets related to Western Commercial and San Luis were measured at their fair value as of May 31, 2013 in conjunction with the FCAL acquisition. The FDIC loss sharing assets related to Los Padres and Affinity were measured at their estimated fair value at their respective acquisition dates.

An increase in the expected amount of losses on the covered assets will increase the FDIC loss sharing asset; such increase is recognized through a credit to FDIC loss sharing income. Recoveries on previous losses paid to us by the FDIC reduce the FDIC loss sharing asset by a charge to FDIC loss sharing income. In addition, decreases in the expected amount of losses on covered assets will decrease the amount of funds expected to be collected from the FDIC and will therefore reduce the FDIC loss sharing asset through higher prospective amortization expense. The FDIC loss sharing asset is being amortized to its estimated value over the lesser of the term of the loss sharing agreements or the remaining contractual life of the assets covered by the loss sharing agreements.

Both the Western Commercial and San Luis loss sharing agreements contain true‑up provisions, under which we will owe the FDIC amounts at the end of the loss sharing agreements based on the performance of the covered assets. The true‑up liability is included in other liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

Under the terms of the Affinity loss sharing agreement, the FDIC will (a) absorb 80% of losses and receive 80% of loss recoveries on the first $234 million of losses on covered assets and (b) absorb 95% of losses and receive 95% of loss recoveries on losses exceeding $234 million. The Affinity loss sharing provisions expired in the third quarter of 2014 for non single-family covered assets and will expire in the third quarter of 2019 for single family covered assets, while the related loss recovery provisions will expire in the third quarters of 2017 and 2019, respectively.

Under the terms of the Los Padres loss sharing agreement, the FDIC will absorb 80% of losses and receive 80% of loss recoveries on the covered assets. The Los Padres loss sharing provisions expired in the third quarter 2015 for non-single family covered assets and will expire in the third quarter of 2020 for single family covered assets while the related loss recovery provisions will expire in the third quarters of 2018 and 2020, respectively.

Under the terms of the Western Commercial loss sharing agreement, the FDIC will absorb 80% of losses and receive 80% of loss recoveries on the covered assets; all of which were deemed to be non‑single family. The Western Commercial loss sharing provision expired in the fourth quarter of 2015, while the related loss recovery provision will expire in the fourth quarter of 2018.

Under the terms of the San Luis loss sharing agreement, the FDIC will absorb 80% of losses and receive 80% of loss recoveries on the covered assets. The San Luis loss sharing provisions will expire in the first quarters of 2016 and 2021 for non‑single family and single family covered assets, respectively, while the related loss recovery provisions will expire in the first quarters of 2019 and 2021, respectively.

Land, Premises and Equipment

Premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Land is not depreciated. Depreciation and amortization is charged to noninterest expense using the straight‑line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The estimated useful lives of furniture, fixtures and equipment range from 3 to 7 years and for buildings up to 35 years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over their estimated useful lives, or the life of the lease, whichever is shorter.

Foreclosed Assets

Foreclosed assets include other real estate owned, or OREO, and repossessed non-real estate assets. Foreclosed assets are initially recorded at the estimated fair value of the property, based on current independent appraisals obtained at the time of acquisition, less estimated costs to sell, including senior obligations such as delinquent property taxes. The excess of the recorded loan balance over the estimated fair value of the property at the time of acquisition less estimated costs to sell is charged to the allowance for loan losses. Any subsequent write‑downs are charged to noninterest expense and recognized through a foreclosed assets valuation allowance. Subsequent increases in the fair value of the asset less selling costs reduce the foreclosed assets valuation allowance, but not below zero, and are credited to noninterest expense. Gains and losses on the sale of foreclosed assets and operating expenses of such assets are also included in noninterest expense.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in earnings in the period that includes the enactment date. Any interest or penalties assessed by the taxing authorities is classified in the financial statements as income tax expense. Deferred tax assets and liabilities, net of valuation allowances, are grouped together and reported net on the consolidated balance sheets.

On a quarterly basis, the Company evaluates its deferred tax assets to assess whether they are expected to be realized in the future. This determination is based on currently available facts and circumstances, including our current and projected future tax positions, the historical level of our taxable income, and estimates of our future taxable income. In most cases, the realization of deferred tax assets is based on our future profitability. To the extent our deferred tax assets are no longer considered more likely than not to be realized, we could be required to record a valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets by charging earnings. The Company also evaluates existing valuation allowances periodically to determine if sufficient evidence exists to support an increase or reduction in the allowance.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill arises from the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations and represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets and other identifiable intangible assets acquired. Goodwill and other intangible assets deemed to have indefinite lives generated from purchase business combinations are not subject to amortization and are instead tested for impairment no less than annually. Impairment exists when the carrying value of the goodwill exceeds its implied fair value. An impairment loss would be recognized in an amount equal to that excess as a charge to noninterest expense in the consolidated statement of earnings.

Intangible assets with estimable useful lives are amortized over such useful lives to their estimated residual values and reviewed for impairment at least quarterly. Core deposit intangible assets, which we refer to as CDI, and customer relationship intangible assets, which we refer to as CRI, are recognized apart from goodwill at the time of acquisition based on market valuations prepared by independent third parties. In preparing such valuations, the third parties consider variables such as deposit servicing costs, attrition rates, and market discount rates. CDI assets are amortized to expense over their useful lives, which we have estimated to range from 7 to 10 years. CRI assets are amortized to expense over their useful lives, which we have estimated to range from 4 to 5 years. The amortization expense represents the estimated decline in the value of the underlying deposits or customer relationships acquired. Both CDI and CRI are reviewed for impairment quarterly or earlier if events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying values may not be recoverable. If the recoverable amount of either CDI or CRI is determined to be less than its carrying value, we would then measure the amount of impairment based on an estimate of the intangible asset’s fair value at that time. If the fair value is below the carrying value, then the intangible asset is reduced to such fair value; an impairment loss for such amount would be recognized as a charge to noninterest expense in the consolidated statement of earnings.

Stock-based Compensation

Stock‑Based Compensation

Compensation expense related to awards of time-based restricted stock is based on the fair value of the underlying stock on the award date and is recognized over the vesting period using the straight‑line method. Unvested restricted stock participates with common stock in any dividends declared and paid. Dividends paid on unvested restricted stock awards expected to vest and the related tax benefits are included as a net reduction to stockholders’ equity. Dividends paid on unvested restricted stock not expected to vest are charged to compensation expense.

Business Segments

(t) Business Segments

We regularly assess our strategic plans, operations and reporting structures to identify our reportable segments. Changes to our reportable segments are expected to be infrequent. From the second quarter of 2012 to the third quarter of 2015, we operated as three reportable segments: Community Banking, National Lending (formerly Asset Financing) and Other. As a result of the Square 1 Financial, Inc. acquisition, along with changes in personnel, reporting structure, and operations, we re-evaluated our segment reporting for year-end 2015.

As of December 31, 2015, we operated as one reportable segment. The factors considered in making this determination include the nature of products and offered services, geographic regions in which we operate, the applicable regulatory environment, and the discrete financial information reviewed by our key decision makers. Through our network of banking offices nationwide, our entire operations provide relationship-based banking products, services and solutions for small to mid-sized companies, entrepreneurial businesses and their venture capital and private equity investors, real estate investors, professionals and other individuals. Our products and services include commercial real estate, multi-family, commercial business, construction and land, consumer and government-guaranteed small business loans, business and personal deposit products, and treasury cash management services. The decision to combine our three reportable segments was made to align the segment reporting with the changes in our operations and reporting structure, consistent with the level of information reviewed by our key decision makers.

Derivatives, Policy [Policy Text Block]

(o) Derivative Instruments

Our derivative contracts primarily manage the foreign currency risk associated with certain assets. As of December 31, 2015, all of our derivatives were held for risk management purposes and none were designated as accounting hedges. The objective is to manage the uncertainty of future foreign exchange rate fluctuations. These forward exchange contracts provide for a fixed exchange rate which has the effect of reducing or eliminating changes to anticipated cash flows to be received from loan transactions denominated in foreign currencies as the result of changes to exchange rates. Our derivatives are recorded in other assets or other liabilities, as appropriate. The changes in fair value of our derivatives and the related interest are recognized in other income. At December 31, 2015, our derivative contracts had a notional value of $87.1 million.

Derivative instruments expose us to credit risk in the event of nonperformance by counterparties to such agreements. This risk exposure consists primarily of the termination value of agreements where we are in a favorable position. We manage the credit risk associated with various derivative agreements through counterparty credit review and monitoring procedures.

Equity Method Investments, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Investments That Do Not Have Readily Determinable Fair Values

Investments in common or preferred stock that are not publicly traded and/or do not have a readily determinable fair value are accounted for pursuant to the equity method of accounting if we have the ability to significantly influence the operating and financial policies of an investee. This is generally presumed to exist when we own between 20% and 50% of a corporation, or when we own greater than 5% of a limited partnership or similarly structured entity. Our investment carrying values are included in other assets and our share of earnings and losses in equity method investees is included in other income. If we do not have significant influence over the investee, the cost method is used to account for the equity interest.

For investments accounted for using the cost or equity method of accounting, management evaluates information such as budgets, business plans, and financial statements of the investee in addition to quoted market prices, if any, in determining whether an other-than-temporary decline in value exists. Factors indicative of an other-than-temporary decline in value include, but are not limited to, recurring operating losses and credit defaults. We compare the estimated fair value of each investment to its carrying value quarterly. For any of our investments in which the estimated fair value is less than its carrying value, we consider whether the impairment of that investment is other-than-temporary. If we determine that an investment has sustained an other-than-temporary decline in its value, the equity interest is written down to its estimated fair value through other income and a new carrying value for the investment is established.

Realized gains or losses resulting from the sale of investments are calculated using the specific identification method and are included in other income.

Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive income consists of net earnings and net unrealized gains (losses) on securities available‑for‑sale, net, and is presented in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Earnings Per Share

In accordance with ASC Topic 260, “Earnings Per Share,” all outstanding unvested share‑based payment awards that contain rights to nonforfeitable dividends are considered participating securities and are included in the two‑class method of determining basic and diluted earnings per share. All of our unvested restricted stock participates with our common stockholders in dividends. Accordingly, earnings allocated to unvested restricted stock are deducted from net earnings to determine that amount of earnings available to common stockholders. In the two‑class method, the amount of our earnings available to common stockholders is divided by the weighted average shares outstanding, excluding any unvested restricted stock, for both the basic and diluted earnings per share.

Business Combinations

Business combinations are accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC Topic 805, “Business Combinations.” Under the acquisition method, the acquiring entity in a business combination recognizes 100 percent of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities, regardless of the percentage owned, at their estimated fair values as of the date of acquisition. Any excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets and other identifiable intangible assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. To the extent the fair value of net assets acquired, including other identifiable assets, exceeds the purchase price, a bargain purchase gain is recognized. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed from contingencies must also be recognized at fair value, if the fair value can be determined during the measurement period. Results of operations of an acquired business are included in the statement of earnings from the date of acquisition. Acquisition‑related costs, including conversion and restructuring charges, are expensed as incurred.

Recently issued Accounting Standards

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2014-09, "Revenue Recognition (Topic 606): Revenue from Contracts with Customers." ASU 2014-09 requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. ASU 2014-09 will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in GAAP when it becomes effective. The standard permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. The Company is evaluating the effect that ASU 2014-09 will have on its financial statements and related disclosures. The Company has not yet selected a transition method nor has it determined the effect of the standard on its ongoing financial reporting. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date," which deferred the effective date of ASU 2014-09 to annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early application is not permitted.

In June 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-12, "Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Accounting for Share-Based Payments When the Terms of an Award Provide That a Performance Target Could Be Achieved after the Requisite Service Period." ASU 2014-12 will be effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2015. ASU 2014-12 applies to all reporting entities that grant their employees share-based payments in which the terms of the award provide for a performance target that affects vesting could be achieved after the requisite service period. That is the case when an employee is eligible to retire or otherwise terminate employment before the end of the period in which a performance target (for example, an initial public offering or a profitability target) could be achieved and still be eligible to vest in the award if and when the performance target is achieved. We do not currently have outstanding performance-based awards which allow for vesting after the requisite service period and, as a result, ASU 2014-12 would not impact our financial statements and its related disclosures.

In January 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-01, "Income Statement - Extraordinary and Unusual Items (Subtopic 225-20): Simplifying Income Statement Presentation by Eliminating the Concept of Extraordinary Items," which eliminates the concept of extraordinary items from U.S. GAAP as part of its simplification initiative. Under ASU 2015-01, an entity will no longer separate out an extraordinary item from the results of ordinary operations and separately present this extraordinary item on its income statement, nor will related income tax and earnings-per-share data applicable to an extraordinary item need to be disclosed. Despite these simplifications, ASU 2015-01 does not affect disclosure guidance for events or transactions that are unusual in nature or infrequent in their occurrence. ASU 2015-01 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2015, and interim periods within those annual periods. The Company does not expect the effect of ASU 2015-01 to have a material impact on its financial statements and related disclosures.

In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-02, "Consolidation (Topic 810): Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis," which changes the way reporting enterprises evaluate whether (a) they should consolidate limited partnerships and similar entities, (b) fees paid to a decision maker or service provider are variable interests in a variable interest entity (VIE), and (c) variable interests in a VIE held by related parties of the reporting enterprise require the reporting enterprise to consolidate the VIE. It also eliminates the VIE consolidation model based on majority exposure to variability that applied to certain investment companies and similar entities. ASU 2015-02 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2015. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The Company does not expect the effect of ASU 2015-02 to have a material impact on its financial statements and related disclosures.

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-03, "Interest—Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs" to modify the presentation of debt issuance costs. ASU 2015-03 requires that issuance costs be presented as a direct deduction of debt balances on the statement of financial position, similar to the presentation of debt discounts. ASU 2015-03 is effective for public companies for years beginning after December 15, 2015, and interim periods within those fiscal periods. Early adoption is permitted for financial statements that have not already been issued and the provisions should be applied on a retrospective basis as a change in accounting principle. ASU 2015-03 will not have an impact on the Company's financial statements and related disclosures.

Subsequent to the issuance of ASU 2015-03, the SEC staff made an announcement regarding the presentation and subsequent measurement of debt issuance costs associated with line-of-credit arrangements, which were not addressed in ASU 2015-03. In August 2015, the FASB codified the SEC announcement in the issuance of ASU 2015-15, "Interest - Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Presentation and Subsequent Measurement of Debt Issuance Costs Associated with Line-of-Credit Arrangements." Per ASU 2015-15, debt issuance costs related to line-of-credit arrangements are to be capitalized as an asset and amortized ratably over the term of the line-of-credit arrangement, regardless of whether there were any outstanding borrowings on the line-of-credit arrangement. The SEC staff guidance is effective upon adoption of ASU 2015-03. ASU 2015-15 will not have an impact on the Company's financial statements and related disclosures.

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-05, "Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Fees Paid in a Cloud Computing Arrangement." Under ASU 2015-05, a customer should determine whether the arrangement includes a software license. If so, the customer should account for the software license component in a manner consistent with the accounting for other software licenses. If the arrangement does not include a software license, the arrangement should be accounted for as a service contract. The provisions of ASU 2015-05 must be applied by public entities to annual periods beginning after December 15, 2015 as well as interim periods within those annual periods. The Company does not expect the effect of ASU 2015-05 to have a material impact on its financial statements and related disclosures.

In June 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-10, "Technical Corrections and Improvements" which is a set of wide-ranging, small corrections and improvements to clarify the Codification, correct unintended application of guidance, or improve the Codification. The provisions of ASU 2015-10 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, as well as interim periods within those fiscal years.

In September 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-16, "Business Combinations (Topic 805): Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments," which eliminates the requirement for an acquirer to retrospectively adjust the financial statements for measurement-period adjustments that occur in periods after a business combination is consummated. ASU 2015-16 will be effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2015. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect ASU 2015-16 to have any impact on its financial statements and related disclosures.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, "Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities," which will significantly change the income statement impact of equity investments and the recognition of changes in fair value of financial liabilities when the fair value option is elected. For equity investments with readily determinable fair values, entities must measure these investments at fair value and recognized changes in fair value in net income. For equity investments without readily determinable fair values, entities have the option to either measure these investments at fair value or at cost adjusted for changes in observable prices minus impairment. Changes in measurement under either alternative must be recognized in net income. ASU 2016-01 will be effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company is evaluating the effect that ASU 2016-01 will have on its financial statements and related disclosures.