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Employee Benefit Plans
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2021
Compensation And Retirement Disclosure [Abstract]  
Employee Benefit Plans

(8) Employee Benefit Plans

Defined Contribution Plans

In the U.S., the Company maintains a 401(k) plan for its employees whereby eligible employees may contribute up to a specified percentage of their earnings, on a pretax basis, subject to the maximum amount permitted by the Internal Revenue Code. Under the 401(k) plan, the Company made discretionary contributions to the plan in 2021. For the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company recorded an expense of $0.1 million compared to no expense for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

The Company maintains a defined contribution plan for its employees in Korea. Under the defined contribution plan, the Company contributes the equivalent of 8.3% of an employee's gross salary into the plan. For both the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded an expense of $0.3 million.

Defined Benefit Plans

The Company sponsors defined benefit plans for its employees in Germany and Japan. Defined benefit plans provide pension benefits based on compensation and years of service. The Germany plans were frozen as of September 30, 2003 and have not been offered to new employees after that date. The Company has recorded the underfunded status as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, as a long-term liability on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. The accumulated benefit obligation for the plans was $18.9 million and $20.1 million as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

Periodic benefit costs were as follows (in thousands):

 

 

Three Months Ended March 31,

 

 

 

 

2021

 

 

2020

 

 

Interest costs

 

$

21

 

 

$

38

 

 

Net amortization costs

 

 

45

 

 

 

5

 

 

Period costs

 

$

66

 

 

$

43

 

 

 

The Company holds life insurance contracts, with the Company as beneficiary, in the amount of $3.3 million as of March 31, 2021 and $3.5 million as of December 31, 2020, respectively, related to individuals under the pension plans. These insurance contracts are classified as other assets on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company intends to use any proceeds from these policies to fund the pension plans. However, since the Company is the beneficiary on these policies, these assets have not been designated pension plan assets.