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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Nature of Operations Entegris, Inc. (Entegris or the Company) is a leading provider of yield-enhancing materials and solutions for advanced manufacturing processes in the semiconductor and other high-technology industries.
Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its majority-owned subsidiaries. Intercompany profits, transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates and Basis of Presentation The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. On an ongoing basis, Entegris evaluates its estimates, including those related to receivables, inventories, property, plant and equipment, intangible assets, accrued liabilities, income taxes and share-based compensation, among others. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and highly liquid debt securities with original maturities of three months or less, which are valued at cost and approximates fair value.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts An allowance for uncollectible trade receivables is estimated based on a combination of write-off history, aging analysis and any specific, known troubled accounts. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts that management believes is adequate to cover expected losses on trade receivables.
Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined by the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method.
Property, Plant, and Equipment Property, plant and equipment are carried at cost and are depreciated on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. When assets are retired or disposed of, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and gains or losses are recognized in the same period. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred, while significant additions and improvements are capitalized. Long-lived assets, including property, plant and equipment, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or group of assets may not be recoverable based on estimated future undiscounted cash flows. The amount of impairment, if any, is measured as the difference between the net book value and the estimated fair value of the asset(s).
Investments The Company’s nonmarketable investments are accounted for under either the cost or equity method of accounting, as appropriate. All nonmarketable investments are periodically reviewed to determine whether declines, if any, in fair value below cost basis are other-than-temporary. If the decline in fair value is determined to be other-than-temporary, an impairment loss is recorded and the investment is written down to a new cost basis.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments The carrying value of cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued payroll and related benefits, and other accrued liabilities approximates fair value due to the short maturity of those instruments.
The fair value of long-term debt, including current maturities, based upon models utilizing market observable (Level 2) inputs and credit risk, was $671 million at December 31, 2015 compared to the carrying amount of long-term debt, including current maturities, of $667 million.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill represents the excess of acquisition costs over the fair value of the net assets of businesses acquired. Goodwill is not amortized, but instead tested at least annually for impairment. Goodwill is also tested for impairment as changes in circumstances occur indicating that the carrying value may not be recoverable. At August 31, 2015, the Company's annual testing date, it was determined there was no impairment of its goodwill.
Amortizable intangible assets include, among other items, patented, unpatented and other developed technology and customer-based intangibles, and are amortized using the straight-line method over their respective estimated useful lives of 3 to 15 years. The Company reviews intangible assets, along with other long-lived assets - primarily property, plant and equipment - for impairment if changes in circumstances or the occurrence of events suggest the remaining value may not be recoverable. At December 31, 2015, the Company concluded there was no impairment of its intangible assets.
Derivative Financial Instruments The Company records derivatives as assets or liabilities on the balance sheet and measures such instruments at fair value. Changes in fair value of derivatives are recorded each period in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.
The Company periodically enters into forward foreign currency contracts to reduce exposures relating to rate changes in certain foreign currencies. Certain exposures to credit losses related to counterparty nonperformance exist. However, the Company does not anticipate nonperformance by the counterparties since they are large, well-established financial institutions. None of these derivatives is accounted for as a hedge transaction. Accordingly, changes in the fair value of forward foreign currency contracts are recorded as other (income) expense, net, in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The fair values of the Company’s derivative financial instruments are based on prices quoted by financial institutions for these instruments.
Foreign Currency Translation Assets and liabilities of certain foreign subsidiaries are translated from foreign currencies into U.S. dollars at period-end exchange rates, and the resulting gains and losses arising from translation of net assets located outside the U.S. are recorded as a cumulative translation adjustment, a component of accumulated other comprehensive income in the consolidated balance sheets. Income statement amounts are translated at the weighted average exchange rates for the year. Translation adjustments are not adjusted for income taxes, as substantially all translation adjustments relate to permanent investments in non-U.S. subsidiaries. Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are included in other(income) expense, net, in the Company's consolidated statements of operations.
Revenue Recognition Revenue and the related cost of sales are generally recognized upon shipment of the products. Revenue for product sales is recognized upon delivery, when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, when title and risk of loss have been transferred to the customer, collectability is reasonably assured, and pricing is fixed or determinable. Shipping and handling fees related to sales transactions are billed to customers and are recorded as revenue.
The Company sells its products throughout the world primarily to companies in the microelectronics industry. The Company performs continuing credit evaluations of its customers and generally does not require collateral. Letters of credit may be required from its customers in certain circumstances. The Company provides for estimated returns based on historical and current trends in both sales and product returns.
The Company collects various sales and value-added taxes on certain product and service sales that are accounted for on a net basis.
Shipping and Handling Costs Shipping and handling costs incurred are recorded in cost of sales in the Company's consolidated statements of operations.
Engineering, Research and Development Expenses Engineering, research and development costs are expensed as incurred.
Share-based Compensation The Company measures the cost of employee services received in exchange for the award of equity instruments based on the fair value of the award at the date of grant. Compensation expense is based on the grant date fair value. The cost is recognized using the straight-line attribution method to recognize share-based compensation over the service period of the award. Because share-based compensation expense recognized in the Company's consolidated statements of operations is based on awards ultimately expected to vest, it has been reduced for expected forfeitures, which are estimated at the time of grant with such estimates revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.
Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined on the basis of the differences between the financial statements and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income tax expense in the period that includes the enactment date.
The Company recognizes deferred tax assets to the extent that it believes these assets are more likely than not to be realized. A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that the Company would not be able to realize all or part of its deferred tax assets. In making such a determination, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations. If the Company determines that it would be able to realize its deferred tax assets in the future in excess of their net recorded amount, the Company would make an adjustment to the deferred tax asset valuation allowance, which would reduce the provision for income taxes.
The Company’s policy for recording interest and penalties associated with audits and unrecognized tax benefits is to record such items as a component of income before taxes. Penalties and interest to be paid or received are recorded in other expense (income), net, in the statement of operations.
Comprehensive Income (Loss) Comprehensive income (loss) represents the change in equity resulting from items other than shareholder investments and distributions. The Company’s foreign currency translation adjustments, unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale investments, and minimum pension liability adjustments are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss. Comprehensive income (loss) and the components of accumulated other comprehensive loss are presented in the accompanying consolidated statements of equity and comprehensive income (loss).
Recent Accounting Pronouncements In May 2014, the Financial Standards Accounting Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (ASU 2014-09). ASU 2014-09 outlines a new, single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. This new revenue recognition model provides a five-step analysis in determining when and how revenue is recognized. The new model will require revenue recognition to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration a company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. ASU 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date, which was issued in August 2015, revised the effective date for this ASU to annual and interim periods beginning on or after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted, but not earlier than the original effective date of annual and interim periods beginning on or after December 15, 2016, for public entities. ASU 2014-09 is effective beginning January 1, 2018. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures.
In April 2015, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2015-03, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs (ASU No. 2015-03) which requires an entity to present debt issuance costs as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the related debt liability on the balance sheet. The update requires retrospective application and represents a change in accounting principle. The update becomes effective January 1, 2016. Based on the balances as of December 31, 2015, the adoption of ASU No. 2015-03 will require the Company to reclassify $11.2 million of unamortized debt issuance costs from other current assets and other noncurrent assets to long-term debt.
In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes (ASU 2015-17), requiring all deferred tax assets and liabilities, and any related valuation allowance, to be classified as noncurrent on the balance sheet. The classification change for all deferred taxes as noncurrent simplifies entities’ processes as it eliminates the need to separately identify the net current and net noncurrent deferred tax asset or liability in each jurisdiction and allocate valuation allowances. We elected to prospectively adopt the accounting standard in the beginning of our fourth quarter of fiscal 2015. Prior periods in our Consolidated Financial Statements were not retrospectively adjusted.