REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS

3 Months Ended

Mar. 28, 2020

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following tables disaggregate the Company’s revenue by major business line and timing of transfer of products or services:


	Three Months Ended
	March 28, 2020		March 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Major Products/Service Lines:
RMS	$	145,996	$	137,172
DSA	438,683		354,197
Manufacturing	122,380		113,200
Total revenue	$	707,059	$	604,569


	Three Months Ended
	March 28, 2020		March 30, 2019
	(in thousands)
Timing of Revenue Recognition:
RMS
Services and products transferred over time	$	60,041	$	54,813
Services and products transferred at a point in time	85,955		82,359
DSA
Services and products transferred over time	438,564		354,078
Services and products transferred at a point in time	119		119
Manufacturing
Services and products transferred over time	37,314		31,896
Services and products transferred at a point in time	85,066		81,304
Total revenue	$	707,059	$	604,569

RMS

The RMS business generates revenue through the commercial production and sale of research models, research products, and the provision of services related to the maintenance and monitoring of research models and management of clients’ research operations. Revenue from the sale of research models and products is recognized at a point in time when the customer obtains control of the product, which may be upon shipment or upon delivery based on the shipping terms of a contract. Revenue generated from research models services is recognized over time and is typically based on a right-to-invoice measure of progress (output method) as invoiced amounts correspond directly to the value of the Company’s performance to date.

DSA

The Discovery and Safety Assessment business provides a full suite of integrated drug discovery services directed at the identification, screening and selection of a lead compound for drug development and offers a full range of safety assessment services including bioanalysis, drug metabolism, pharmacokinetics, toxicology and pathology. Discovery and Safety Assessment services revenue is generally recognized over time using the cost-to-cost or right to invoice measures of progress, primarily representing fixed fee service contracts and per unit service contracts, respectively.

Manufacturing

The Manufacturing business includes Microbial Solutions, which provides in vitro (non-animal) lot-release testing products, microbial detection products, and species identification services; Biologics Testing Services (Biologics), which performs specialized testing of biologics; and Avian Vaccine Services (Avian), which supplies specific-pathogen-free chicken eggs and chickens. Species identification service revenue is generally recognized at a point in time as identifications are completed by the Company. Biologics service revenue is generally recognized over time using the cost-to-cost measure of progress. Microbial Solutions and Avian product sales are generally recognized at a point in time when the customer obtains control of the product, which may be upon shipment or upon delivery based on the contractual shipping terms of a contract.

Transaction Price Allocated to Future Performance Obligations

The Company discloses the aggregate amount of transaction price that is allocated to performance obligations that have not yet been satisfied as of March 28, 2020. Excluded from the disclosure is the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which revenue is recognized at the amount to which the Company has the right to invoice for services performed. The Company has assessed future performance obligations with respect to the COVID-19 pandemic uncertainties and believes there is an insignificant impact on the ability to meet future performance obligations and the amount of revenue to be recognized.

The following table includes estimated revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially satisfied) as of March 28, 2020:


	Revenue Expected to be Recognized in Future Periods
	Less than 1 Year		1 to 3 Years		4 to 5 Years		Beyond 5 Years		Total
	(in thousands)
DSA	$	195,192	$	92,180	$	4,861	$	639	$	292,872
Manufacturing	10,241		8,825		32		21		19,119
Total	$	205,433	$	101,005	$	4,893	$	660	$	311,991

Contract Balances from Contracts with Customers

The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections results in billed receivables (client receivables), contract assets (unbilled revenue), and contract liabilities (current and long-term deferred revenue and customer contract deposits) on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s payment terms are generally 30 days in the United States and consistent with prevailing practice in international markets. A contract asset is recorded when a right to consideration in exchange for goods or services transferred to a customer is conditioned other than the passage of time. Client receivables are recorded separately from contract assets since only the passage of time is required before consideration is due. A contract liability is recorded when consideration is received, or such consideration is unconditionally due, from a customer prior to transferring goods or services to the customer under the terms of a contract. Contract liabilities are recognized as revenue after control of the products or services is transferred to the customer and all revenue recognition criteria have been met. The following table provides information about client receivables, contract assets, and contract liabilities from contracts with customers:


	March 28, 2020		December 28, 2019
	(in thousands)
Balances from contracts with customers:
Client receivables	$	415,359	$	395,740
Contract assets (unbilled revenue)	131,660		121,957
Contract liabilities (current and long-term deferred revenue)	194,907		192,788
Contract liabilities (customer contract deposits)	37,319		33,080

When the Company does not have the unconditional right to advanced billings, both advanced client payments and unpaid advanced client billings are excluded from deferred revenue, with the advanced billings also being excluded from client receivables. The Company excluded approximately $19 million and $27 million of unpaid advanced client billings from both client receivables and deferred revenue in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 28, 2020 and December 28, 2019, respectively. Advanced client payments of approximately $37 million and $33 million have been presented as customer contract deposits within other current liabilities in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 28, 2020 and December 28, 2019, respectively.

Other changes in the contract asset and the contract liability balances during the three months ended March 28, 2020 were as follows:

(i) Changes due to business combinations:

See Note 2. “Business Combinations” for client receivables, contract assets, and contract liabilities that were acquired as part of the HemaCare acquisition on January 3, 2020.

(ii) Cumulative catch-up adjustments to revenue that affect the corresponding contract asset or contract liability, including adjustments arising from a change in the measure of progress, a change in an estimate of the transaction price (including any changes in the assessment of whether an estimate of variable consideration is constrained), or a contract modification:

During the three months ended March 28, 2020, an immaterial cumulative catch-up adjustment to revenue was recorded.

(iii) A change in the time frame for a right to consideration to become unconditional (that is, for a contract asset to be recorded as a client receivable):

Approximately 60% of unbilled revenue as of December 28, 2019 was billed during the three months ended March 28, 2020.

(iv) A change in the time frame for a performance obligation to be satisfied (that is, for the recognition of revenue arising from a contract liability):

Approximately 60% of contract liabilities as of December 28, 2019 were recognized as revenue during the three months ended March 28, 2020.