GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Goodwill

The following table provides a rollforward of the Company’s goodwill:



				Adjustments to Goodwill								Adjustments to Goodwill
	December 31, 2016			Acquisitions / (Divestiture)			Foreign Exchange		December 30, 2017			Acquisitions		Foreign Exchange			December 29, 2018
	(in thousands)
RMS	$	56,397		$	—		$	1,725	$	58,122		$	—	$	(1,154	)	$	56,968
DSA	1,568,476			11,942			29,758		1,610,176			460,223		(13,929		)	2,056,470
Manufacturing	167,644			(36,000		)	9,964		141,608			2,551		(5,464		)	138,695
Gross carrying amount	1,792,517			(24,058		)	41,447		1,809,906			462,774		(20,547		)	2,252,133
Accumulated impairment loss - DSA	(1,005,000		)	—			—		(1,005,000		)	—		—			(1,005,000		)
Goodwill	$	787,517							$	804,906							$	1,247,133

Based on the Company’s step one goodwill impairment test, which was performed in the fourth quarter for each of the fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016, the fair value of each reporting unit exceeded the reporting unit’s book value and, therefore, goodwill was not impaired.

The increase in goodwill during fiscal year 2018 related primarily to the acquisitions of MPI Research and KWS BioTest in the DSA reportable segment, an immaterial acquisition of an Australian business in the Manufacturing reportable segment, and the impact of foreign exchange.

Intangible Assets, Net

The following table displays intangible assets, net by major class:



	December 29, 2018							December 30, 2017
	Gross		Accumulated Amortization			Net		Gross		Accumulated Amortization			Net
	(in thousands)
Backlog	$	20,900	$	(18,691	)	$	2,209	$	8,111	$	(8,111	)	$	—
Technology	101,506		(41,870		)	59,636		81,309		(27,157		)	54,152
Trademarks and trade names	8,331		(4,640		)	3,691		8,661		(4,562		)	4,099
Other	17,448		(10,041		)	7,407		17,465		(7,845		)	9,620
Other intangible assets	148,185		(75,242		)	72,943		115,546		(47,675		)	67,871
Client relationships	791,725		(253,780		)	537,945		540,425		(238,534		)	301,891
Intangible assets	$	939,910	$	(329,022	)	$	610,888	$	655,971	$	(286,209	)	$	369,762

The increase in intangible assets, net during the fiscal year 2018 related primarily to the acquisitions of MPI Research and KWS BioTest in the DSA reportable segment. During fiscal year 2017, the Company divested the CDMO business, which resulted in a net decrease of $16.8 million and $0.3 million to client relationships and backlog, respectively.

Amortization expense of definite-lived intangible assets, including client relationships, for fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016 was $64.8 million, $41.4 million and $41.7 million, respectively. As of December 29, 2018, estimated amortization expense for intangible assets for each of the next five fiscal years is expected to be as follows:



Fiscal Year	Amortization Expense
	(in thousands)
2019	$	77,173
2020	74,162
2021	63,089
2022	56,958
2023	52,494