10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

[X] QUARTERLY REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended July 31, 2020

[  ] TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ________ to ________

Commission file number 001-36138

ADVAXIS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	02-0563870
(State or other jurisdiction of	(IRS Employer
incorporation or organization)	Identification No.)

305 College Road East, Princeton, NJ	08540
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(609) 452-9813

(Registrant’s telephone number)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock	ADXS	Nasdaq Capital Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has fled all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such fling requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes [X] No [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer	[  ]	Accelerated Filer	[  ]
Non-accelerated Filer	[X]	Smaller Reporting Company	[X]
Emerging growth company	[  ]

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.[  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes [  ] No [X]

The number of shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, $0.001 par value, outstanding as of September 2, 2020 was 66,227,473.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page No.
PART I	FINANCIAL INFORMATION	5
Item 1.	Financial Statements (unaudited)	5
	Condensed Balance Sheets	5
	Condensed Statements of Operations	6
	Condensed Statements of Cash Flows	7
	Notes to the Condensed Financial Statements	8
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	22
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	31
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	31
PART II	OTHER INFORMATION	32
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	32
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	32
Item 6.	Exhibits	33
SIGNATURES		34

2

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD LOOKING-STATEMENTS

This quarterly report on Form 10-Q (“Form 10-Q”) includes statements that are, or may be deemed, “forward-looking statements.” In some cases, these forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of such terms as “believes,” “estimates,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “plans,” “intends,” “may,” “could,” “might,” “will,” “should,” “approximately” or, in each case, their negative or other variations thereon or comparable terminology, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. They appear in a number of places throughout this Form 10-Q and include statements regarding our intentions, beliefs, projections, outlook, analyses or current expectations concerning, among other things, our ongoing and planned discovery and development of drug candidates, the strength and breadth of our intellectual property, our ongoing and planned preclinical studies and clinical trials, the timing of and our ability to make regulatory filings and obtain and maintain regulatory approvals for our product candidates, the degree of clinical utility of our product candidates, particularly in specific patient populations, expectations regarding clinical trial data, our results of operations, financial condition, our available cash, liquidity, prospects, growth and strategies, impacts of the ongoing coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, the length of time that we will be able to continue to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditures, our expected financing needs and sources of financing, the industry in which we operate and the trends that may affect our industry or us.

By their nature, forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties because they relate to events, competitive dynamics, and healthcare, regulatory and scientific developments and depend on the economic circumstances that may or may not occur in the future or may occur on longer or shorter timelines than anticipated. Although we believe that we have a reasonable basis for each forward-looking statement contained in this Form 10-Q, we caution you that forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and that our actual results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, and the development of the industry in which we operate, may differ materially from the forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-Q. In addition, even if our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, and the development of the industry in which we operate, are consistent with the forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-Q, they may not be predictive of results or developments in future periods.

Some of the factors that we believe could cause actual results to differ from those anticipated or predicted include:

● the success and timing of our clinical trials, including patient accrual;

● our ability to obtain and maintain regulatory approval or reimbursement of our product candidates for marketing;

● our ability to obtain the appropriate labeling of our products under any regulatory approval;

● our ability to develop and commercialize our products;

● potential effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations, and our ability to continue operations in the same manner as previously conducted prior to the macroeconomic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic;

● the successful development and implementation of our sales and marketing campaigns;

● the change of key scientific or management personnel;

● the size and growth of the potential markets for our product candidates and our ability to serve those markets;

● our ability to successfully compete in the potential markets for our product candidates, if commercialized;

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● regulatory developments in the United States and other countries;

● the rate and degree of market acceptance of any of our product candidates;

● new products, product candidates or new uses for existing products or technologies introduced or announced by our competitors and the timing of these introductions or announcements;

● market conditions in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology sectors;

● our available cash;

● the accuracy of our estimates regarding expenses, future revenues, capital requirements and needs for additional financing;

● our ability to obtain additional funding;

● our ability to obtain and maintain intellectual property protection for our product candidates;

● the success and timing of our preclinical studies, including IND enabling studies;

● the ability of our product candidates to successfully perform in clinical trials and to resolve any clinical holds that may occur;

● our ability to obtain and maintain approval of our product candidates for trial initiation;

● our ability to manufacture and the performance of third-party manufacturers;

● our ability to identify license and collaboration partners and to maintain existing relationships;

● the performance of our clinical research organizations, clinical trial sponsors, clinical trial investigators and collaboration partners for any clinical trials we conduct;

● any outcomes from our review of strategic transactions; and

● our ability to successfully implement our strategy.

Any forward-looking statements that we make in this Form 10-Q speak only as of the date of such statement, and we undertake no obligation to update such statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Form 10-Q. You should also read carefully the factors described in the “Risk Factors” section of the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2019, (as filed with the SEC on December 20, 2019, and amended by Amendment No. 1 thereto on Form 10-K/A filed on January 21, 2020 and by Amendment No. 2 thereto on Form 10-K/A filed on February 28, 2020, as so amended the “2019 Form 10-K/A”) as further supplemented by the risks and uncertainties discussed in Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended April 30, 2020 (as filed with the SEC on June 11, 2020) to better understand the risks and uncertainties inherent in our business and underlying any forward-looking statements. As a result of these factors, we cannot assure you that the forward-looking statements in this Form 10-Q will prove to be accurate.

This Form 10-Q includes statistical and other industry and market data that we obtained from industry publications and research, surveys and studies conducted by third parties. Industry publications and third-party research, surveys and studies generally indicate that their information has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, although they do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of such information. While we believe these industry publications and third-party research, surveys and studies are reliable, we have not independently verified such data.

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PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

ADVAXIS, INC.

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

		July 31, 2020			October 31, 2019
		(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	23,846		$	32,363
Deferred expenses		1,518			2,353
Deferred offering costs		644			-
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		1,291			1,433
Total current assets		27,299			36,149
Property and equipment (net of accumulated depreciation)		3,667			4,350
Intangible assets (net of accumulated amortization)		3,841			4,575
Operating right-of-use asset (net of accumulated amortization)		5,030			-
Other assets		182			183
Total assets	$	40,019		$	45,257
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	414		$	976
Accrued expenses		1,826			3,478
Common stock warrant liability		33			19
Current portion of operating lease liability		926			-
Other current liabilities		50			48
Total current liabilities		3,249			4,521
Operating lease liability, net of current portion		5,304			-
Other liabilities		-			1,205
Total liabilities		8,553			5,726
Commitments and contingencies – Note 9
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized; Series B Preferred Stock; 0 shares issued and outstanding at July 31, 2020 and October 31, 2019; Liquidation preference of $0 at July 31, 2020 and October 31, 2019		-			-
Common stock - $0.001 par value; 170,000,000 shares authorized, 62,714,946 and 50,201,671 shares issued and outstanding at July 31, 2020 and October 31, 2019, respectively		62			50
Additional paid-in capital		435,682			423,750
Accumulated deficit		(404,278	)		(384,269	)
Total stockholders’ equity		31,466			39,531
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	40,019		$	45,257

The accompanying notes should be read in conjunction with the financial statements.

5

ADVAXIS, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Unaudited)

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

	Three Months Ended July 31,						Nine months ended July 31,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
Revenue	$	-		$	6		$	253		$	20,883
Operating expenses:
Research and development expenses		3,458			7,060			12,239			19,735
General and administrative expenses		2,384			3,076			8,063			8,834
Total operating expenses		5,842			10,136			20,302			28,569
Loss from operations		(5,842	)		(10,130	)		(20,049	)		(7,686	)
Other income (expense):
Interest income, net		7			95			108			354
Net changes in fair value of derivative liabilities		7			177			(16	)		2,572
Loss on shares issued in settlement of warrants		-			-			-			(1,607	)
Other expense		(1	)		-			(2	)		(7	)
Net loss before benefit for income taxes		(5,829	)		(9,858	)		(19,959	)		(6,374	)
Income tax expense		-			-			50			50
Net loss	$	(5,829	)	$	(9,858	)	$	(20,009	)	$	(6,424	)
Net loss per common share, basic and diluted	$	(0.09	)	$	(1.00	)	$	(0.35	)	$	(0.94	)
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding, basic and diluted		61,634,031			9,870,461			57,963,228			6,813,494

The accompanying notes should be read in conjunction with the financial statements.

6

ADVAXIS, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)

(In thousands)

	Nine Months Ended July 31,
	2020			2019
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net loss	$	(20,009	)	$	(6,424	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Stock compensation		708			1,565
Employee stock purchase plan expense		1			3
Loss (gain) on change in value of warrants		16			(2,572	)
Loss on shares issued in settlement of warrants		-			1,607
Loss on disposal of property and equipment		-			290
Abandonment of intangible assets		892			625
Depreciation expense		683			848
Amortization expense of intangible assets		263			290
Amortization of right-of-use asset		553
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		-			1,664
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		977			(54	)
Other assets		1			-
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		(2,251	)		(6,245	)
Deferred revenue		50			(18,665	)
Operating lease liabilities		(606	)		-
Other liabilities		-			39
Net cash used in operating activities		(18,722	)		(27,029	)
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchase of property and equipment		-			(54	)
Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment		-			8
Cost of intangible assets		(421	)		(845	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(421	)		(891	)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Net proceeds of issuance of common stock		10,621			24,471
Warrant exercise		-			68
Proceeds from employee stock purchase plan		5			19
Employee tax withholdings paid on equity awards		(2	)		(15	)
Tax shares sold to pay for employee tax withholdings on equity awards		2			14
Net cash provided by financing activities		10,626			24,557
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents		(8,517	)		(3,363	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		32,363			45,118
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	23,846		$	41,755
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Cash paid for taxes	$	50		$	50
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NON-CASH AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Shares issued in settlement of warrants		-			5,462
Warrant liability reclassified into equity		2			53
Pre-funded warrant exercises		-			1
Commitment fee shares issued for equity line		644			-
Amounts accrued for offering costs		37			-

The accompanying notes should be read in conjunction with the financial statements.

7

ADVAXIS, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

1. NATURE OF OPERATIONS

Advaxis, Inc. (“Advaxis” or the “Company”) is a clinical-stage biotechnology company focused on the development and commercialization of proprietary Listeria monocytogenes (“Lm”)-based antigen delivery products. The Company is using its Lm platform directed against tumor-specific targets in order to engage the patient’s immune system to destroy tumor cells. Through a license from the University of Pennsylvania, Advaxis has exclusive access to this proprietary formulation of attenuated Lm called Lm Technology^TM. Advaxis’ proprietary approach is designed to deploy a unique mechanism of action that redirects the immune system to attack cancer in three distinct ways:

● Alerting and training the immune system by activating multiple pathways in Antigen-Presenting Cells (“APCs”) with the equivalent of multiple adjuvants;

● Attacking the tumor by generating a strong, cancer-specific T cell response; and

● Breaking down tumor protection through suppression of the protective cells in the tumor microenvironment (“TME”) that shields the tumor from the immune system. This enables the activated T cells to begin working to attack the tumor cells.

Advaxis’ proprietary Lm platform technology has demonstrated clinical activity in several of its programs and has been dosed in over 470 patients across multiple clinical trials and in various tumor types. The Company believes that Lm Technology immunotherapies can complement and address significant unmet needs in the current oncology treatment landscape. Specifically, its product candidates have the potential to work synergistically with other immunotherapies, including checkpoint inhibitors, while having a generally well-tolerated safety profile.

Going Concern and Management’s Plans 

The Company has not yet commercialized any human products and the products that are being developed have not generated significant revenue. As a result, the Company has suffered recurring losses and requires significant cash resources to execute its business plans. These losses are expected to continue for an extended period of time. The aforementioned factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year from the date of filing. The accompanying financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of asset amounts or the classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern within one year after the date the financial statements are issued.

Historically, the Company’s major sources of cash have been comprised of proceeds from various public and private offerings of its common stock, debt financings, clinical collaborations, option and warrant exercises, NOL tax sales, income earned on investments and grants and interest income. From October 2013 through July 31, 2020, the Company raised approximately $305.8 million in gross proceeds ($13.6 million in fiscal year 2020) from various public and private offerings of its common stock. 

As of July 31, 2020, the Company had approximately $23.8 million in cash and cash equivalents. Although the Company expects to have sufficient capital to fund its obligations, as they become due, in the ordinary course of business until at least July 2021, the actual amount of cash that it will need to operate is subject to many factors. Over the past several months, the Company has taken steps to obtain additional financing, including the at-the-market (“ATM”) program and the equity line with Lincoln Park Capital. Due to the current state of the Company’s stock price and general market conditions, these programs have not been utilized to the fullest extent, thereby resulting in lower capital availability than anticipated. Management’s plans to mitigate an expected shortfall of capital and to support future operations include obtaining additional funds through partnerships or strategic or financing investors. The Company has reduced its operating expenses to $20.3 million for the nine months ended July 31, 2020 as compared to $28.6 million during the comparable prior period.

8

The Company recognizes it will need to raise additional capital in order to continue to execute its business plan in the future. There is no assurance that additional financing will be available when needed or that management will be able to obtain financing on terms acceptable to the Company or whether the Company will become profitable and generate positive operating cash flow. If the Company is unable to raise sufficient additional funds, it will have to scale back its operations.

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Basis of Presentation/Estimates

The accompanying unaudited interim condensed financial statements and related notes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information, and in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) with respect to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements and the accompanying unaudited interim condensed balance sheet as of July 31, 2020 has been derived from the Company’s October 31, 2019 audited financial statements. In the opinion of management, the unaudited interim condensed financial statements furnished include all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods presented.

Operating results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, and the related disclosures at the date of the financial statements and during the reporting period. Significant estimates include the timelines associated with revenue recognition on upfront payments received, fair value and recoverability of the carrying value of property and equipment and intangible assets, fair value of warrant liability, grant date fair value of options, deferred tax assets and any related valuation allowance and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could materially differ from these estimates. 

These unaudited interim condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements of the Company as of and for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2019 and notes thereto contained in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K, as filed with the SEC on December 20, 2019, as amended by Amendment No. 1 thereto on Form 10-K/A filed on January 21, 2020 and by Amendment No. 2 thereto on Form 10-K/A filed on February 28, 2020.

Net Income (Loss) per Share

Basic net income or loss per common share is computed by dividing net income or loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share give effect to dilutive options, warrants, restricted stock units and other potential common stock outstanding during the period. In the case of a net loss, the impact of the potential common stock resulting from warrants, outstanding stock options and convertible debt are not included in the computation of diluted loss per share, as the effect would be anti-dilutive. In the case of net income, the impact of the potential common stock resulting from these instruments that have intrinsic value are included in the diluted earnings per share. The table sets forth the number of potential shares of common stock that have been excluded from diluted net loss per share (as of July 31, 2020, 327,338 warrants are included in the basic earnings per share computation because the exercise price is $0, and as of July 31, 2019, 13,079,000 pre-funded warrants are included in the basic earnings per share computation because the exercise price is nominal):

	As of July 31,
	2020		2019
Warrants		5,070,888		18,301,804
Stock options		914,577		405,372
Restricted stock units		5,818		16,204
Total		5,991,283		18,723,380

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Leases

Effective November 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASC Topic 842, Leases (“ASC 842”) using the modified retrospective transition approach by applying the new standard to all leases existing as of the date of initial application. Results and disclosure requirements for reporting periods beginning after November 1, 2019 are presented under ASC 842, while prior period amounts have not been adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with the previous guidance in ASC 840, Leases.

At the inception of an arrangement, the Company determines whether an arrangement is or contains a lease based on the facts and circumstances present in the arrangement. An arrangement is or contains a lease if the arrangement conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Most leases with a term greater than one year are recognized on the balance sheet as operating lease right-of-use assets and current and long-term operating lease liabilities, as applicable. The Company has elected not to recognize on the balance sheet leases with terms of 12 months or less. The Company typically only includes the initial lease term in its assessment of a lease arrangement. Options to extend a lease are not included in the Company’s assessment unless there is reasonable certainty that the Company will renew.

Operating lease liabilities and their corresponding right-of-use assets are recorded based on the present value of lease payments over the expected remaining lease term. Certain adjustments to the right-of-use asset may be required for items such as prepaid or accrued rent. The interest rate implicit in the Company’s leases is typically not readily determinable. As a result, the Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate, which reflects the fixed rate at which the Company could borrow on a collateralized basis the amount of the lease payments in the same currency, for a similar term, in a similar economic environment. In transition to ASC 842, the Company utilized the remaining lease term of its leases in determining the appropriate incremental borrowing rates.

Recent Accounting Standards

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

On November 1, 2019, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (ASU 2016-02), as amended, which establishes ASC 842 and supersedes the lease accounting guidance under ASC 840, and generally requires lessees to recognize operating and financing lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use (ROU) assets on the balance sheet and to provide enhanced disclosures surrounding the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leasing arrangements. We adopted the new guidance using the modified retrospective transition approach by applying the new standard to all leases existing at the date of initial application and not restating comparative periods.

In adopting the new standard, the Company elected to utilize the available package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which does not require the reassessment of the following: (i) whether existing or expired arrangements are or contain a lease, (ii) the lease classification of existing or expired leases, and (iii) whether previous initial direct costs would qualify for capitalization under the new lease standard. Additionally, the Company elected to combine lease and non-lease components and to exclude leases with a term of 12 months or less.

As of the November 1, 2019 effective date, the Company had identified one operating lease arrangement and one short-term lease in which it is a lessee. The adoption of ASC 842 resulted in the recognition of an operating lease liability and a right-of-use asset of approximately $6.8 million and $5.6 million, respectively, on the Company’s balance sheet relating to its leases, with the difference relating to reclassifications of the current accrued rent liability and the current lease incentive obligation of approximately $0.9 million and $0.3 million, respectively, as reductions to the right-of-use-asset for its operating lease. The adoption of the standard did not have a material effect on the Company’s condensed statements of operations or condensed statements of cash flows.

Management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective accounting pronouncements, if adopted, would have a material impact on the accompanying condensed financial statements. 

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3. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

Property and equipment, net consists of the following (in thousands):

	July 31, 2020			October 31, 2019
Leasehold improvements	$	2,335		$	2,335
Laboratory equipment		3,405			3,405
Furniture and fixtures		744			744
Computer equipment		409			409
Construction in progress		83			83
Total property and equipment		6,976			6,976
Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(3,309	)		(2,626	)
Net property and equipment	$	3,667		$	4,350

Depreciation expense for the three months ended July 31, 2020 and 2019 was $0.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively. Depreciation expense for the nine months ended July 31, 2020 and 2019 was $0.7 million and $0.8 million, respectively.

4. INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Intangible assets, net consist of the following (in thousands):

	July 31, 2020			October 31, 2019
Patents	$	5,208		$	5,833
Licenses		777			777
Software		117			117
Total intangibles		6,102			6,727
Accumulated amortization		(2,261	)		(2,152	)
Intangible assets	$	3,841		$	4,575

The expirations of the existing patents range from 2020 to 2040 but the expirations can be extended based on market approval if granted and/or based on existing laws and regulations. Capitalized costs associated with patent applications that are abandoned without future value are charged to expense when the determination is made not to pursue the application. Patent applications having a net book value of $0.3 million were abandoned and were charged to research and development expenses in the statement of operations for each of the three months ended July 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Patent applications having a net book value of $0.9 million and $0.6 million were abandoned and were charged to research and development expenses in the statement of operations for the nine months ended July 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Amortization expense for intangible assets that was charged to general and administrative expense in the statement of operations aggregated $0.1 million for each of the three months ended July 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Amortization expense for intangible assets that was charged to general and administrative expense in the statement of operations aggregated $0.3 million for each of the nine months ended July 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Management has reviewed its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events and circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset might not be recoverable. Net assets are recorded on the balance sheet for patents and licenses related to axalimogene filolisbac (AXAL), ADXS-HOT, ADXS-PSA and ADXS-HER2 and other products that are in development. However, if a competitor were to gain FDA approval for a treatment before us or if future clinical trials fail to meet the targeted endpoints, the Company would likely record an impairment related to these assets. In addition, if an application is rejected or fails to be issued, the Company would record an impairment of its estimated book value. Lastly, if the Company is unable to raise enough capital to continue funding its studies and developing its intellectual property, the Company would likely record an impairment to these assets.

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At July 31, 2020, the estimated amortization expense by fiscal year based on the current carrying value of intangible assets is as follows (in thousands):

	Fiscal year ending October 31,
2020 (Remaining)	$	79
2021		309
2022		309
2023		309
2024		309
Thereafter		2,526
Total	$	3,841

5. ACCRUED EXPENSES:

	July 31, 2020		October 31, 2019
Salaries and other compensation	$	743	$	158
Vendors		604		3,194
Professional fees		479		126
Total accrued expenses	$	1,826	$	3,478

6. COMMON STOCK PURCHASE WARRANTS AND WARRANT LIABILITY

Warrants

As of July 31, 2020, there were outstanding warrants to purchase 5,398,226 shares of our common stock with exercise prices ranging from $0 to $281.25 per share. Information on the outstanding warrants is as follows:

Exercise Price		Number of Shares Underlying Warrants		Expiration Date	Type of Financing
$	-		327,338	July 2024	July 2019 Public Offering
$	281.25		25	N/A	Other warrants
$	0.372		70,863	September 2024	September 2018 Public Offering
$	1.25		5,000,000	July 2025	January 2020 Public Offering
	Grand Total		5,398,226

As of October 31, 2019, there were outstanding warrants to purchase 432,142 shares of our common stock with exercise prices ranging from $0 to $281.25 per share. Information on the outstanding warrants is as follows:

Exercise Price		Number of Shares Underlying Warrants		Expiration Date	Type of Financing
$	-		359,838	July 2024	July 2019 Public Offering
$	281.25		25	N/A	Other Warrants
$	0.372		72,279	September 2024	September 2018 Public Offering
	Grand Total		432,142

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A summary of warrant activity was as follows (in thousands, except share and per share data):

	Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life In Years		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding and exercisable warrants at October 31, 2019		432,142		$	0.08		4.76	$	114,069
Issued		5,000,000			1.25
Exercised *		(33,916	)		0.02
Outstanding and exercisable warrants at July 31, 2020		5,398,226		$	1.16		4.90	$	204,596

* Includes the cashless exercise of 32,500 warrants that resulted in the issuance of 32,500 shares of common stock.

As of July 31, 2020, the Company had 5,327,363 of its total 5,398,226 outstanding warrants classified as equity (equity warrants). At October 31, 2019, the Company had 359,863 of its total 432,142 outstanding warrants classified as equity (equity warrants). At issuance, equity warrants are recorded at their relative fair values, using the relative fair value method, in the stockholders’ equity section of the balance sheet.

Warrant Liability

As of July 31, 2020, the Company had 70,863 of its total 5,398,226 outstanding warrants classified as liabilities (liability warrants). At October 31, 2019, the Company had 72,279 of its total 432,142 outstanding warrants classified as liabilities (liability warrants). These warrants contain a down round feature, except for exempt issuances as defined in the warrant agreement, in which the exercise price would immediately be reduced to match a dilutive issuance of common stock, options, convertible securities and changes in option price or rate of conversion. As of July 31, 2020, the down round feature was triggered three times and the exercise price of the warrants were reduced from $22.50 to $0.372. The warrants require liability classification as the warrant agreement requires the Company to maintain an effective registration statement and does not specify any circumstances under which settlement in other than cash would be permitted or required. As a result, net cash settlement is assumed and liability classification is warranted. For these liability warrants, the Company utilized the Monte Carlo simulation model to calculate the fair value of these warrants at issuance and at each subsequent reporting date.

In measuring the warrant liability at July 31, 2020 and October 31, 2019, the Company used the following inputs in its Monte Carlo simulation model:

	July 31, 2020			October 31, 2019
Exercise Price	$	0.372		$	0.372
Stock Price	$	0.58		$	0.32
Expected Term		4.12 years			4.87 years
Volatility %		104.47	%		100.99	%
Risk Free Rate		0.16	%		1.51	%

7. SHARE BASED COMPENSATION

The following table summarizes share-based compensation expense included in the condensed statement of operations (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended July 31,				Nine Months Ended July 31,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Research and development	$	79	$	241	$	233	$	822
General and administrative		176		223		475		743
Total	$	255	$	464	$	708	$	1,565

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Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)

A summary of the Company’s RSU activity and related information for the nine months ended July 31, 2020 is as follows:

	Number of RSUs			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Balance at October 31, 2019		14,706		$	47.62
Vested		(8,608	)		59.61
Cancelled		(280	)		98.80
Balance at July 31, 2020		5,818		$	27.40

As of July 31, 2020, there was approximately $0.1 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested RSUs, which is expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted average vesting period of approximately 0.72 years.

As of July 31, 2020, the aggregate intrinsic value of non-vested RSU’s was approximately $3,000.

Employee Stock Awards

Common Stock issued to executives and employees related to vested incentive retention awards, employment inducements, management purchases and employee excellence awards totaled 0 shares and 408 shares during the three months ended July 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Total stock compensation expense associated with employee awards for the three months ended July 31, 2020 and 2019 was approximately $40,000 and $0.2 million, respectively

Common Stock issued to executives and employees related to vested incentive retention awards, employment inducements, management purchases and employee excellence awards totaled 8,608 shares and 10,947 shares during the nine months ended July 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Total stock compensation expense associated with employee awards for the nine months ended July 31, 2020 and 2019 was approximately $0.1 million and $0.7 million, respectively.

Stock Options

A summary of changes in the stock option plan for the nine months ended July 31, 2020 is as follows:

	Number of Options			Weighted-Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at October 31, 2019:		560,490		$	71.56
Granted		450,000			0.66
Canceled or expired		(95,913	)		58.21
Outstanding at July 31, 2020		914,577			38.08
Vested and Exercisable at July 31, 2020		266,380		$	125.14

During the nine months end July 31, 2020, the Company granted options to purchase 385,000 and 65,000 shares of its common stock to employees and directors, respectively. The stock options have a ten-year term, vest over three years, and have an exercise price of $0.66.

Total compensation cost related to the Company’s outstanding stock options, recognized in the statement of operations for the three months ended July 31, 2020 and 2019 was approximately $0.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively. For the nine months ended July 31, 2020 and 2019, compensation cost related to the Company’s outstanding stock options was approximately $0.6 million and $0.9 million, respectively.

As of July 31, 2020, there was approximately $0.8 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock option awards, which is expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted average vesting period of 1.37 years.

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As of July 31, 2020, the aggregate intrinsic value of vested and exercisable options was $0 and the aggregate intrinsic value of non-vested options was approximately $42,000.

In determining the fair value of the stock options granted during the nine months ended July 31, 2020, the Company used the following inputs in its Black Scholes Merton model:

	Nine Months Ended July 31, 2020
Expected Term		5.50-6.50 years
Expected Volatility		100.27-105.21	%
Expected Dividends		0	%
Risk Free Interest Rate		0.36-0.52	%

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

During the nine months ended July 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company issued 11,148 and 4,585 shares, respectively, that were purchased under the 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”).

8. COLLABORATION AND LICENSING AGREEMENTS

OS Therapies LLC

On September 4, 2018, the Company entered into a development, license and supply agreement with OS Therapies (“OST”) for the use of ADXS31-164, also known as ADXS-HER2, for evaluation in the treatment of osteosarcoma in humans. Under the terms of the license agreement, as amended, OST will be responsible for the conduct and funding of a clinical study evaluating ADXS-HER2 in recurrent, completely resected osteosarcoma. Under the most recent amendment to the licensing agreement, OST agrees to pay Advaxis $25,000 per month (“Monthly Payment”) starting on April 30, 2020 until it achieves its funding milestone of $2,337,500. Upon receipt of the first Monthly Payment, Advaxis will initiate the transfer of the intellectual property and licensing rights of ADXS31-164, which were licensed pursuant to the Penn Agreement, back to the University of Pennsylvania. Contemporaneously, OST will enter negotiations with the University of Pennsylvania to establish a licensing agreement for ADXS31-164 to OST for clinical and commercial development of the ADXS31-164 technology.

Provided that OST meets its ongoing obligation to make its Monthly Payments to Advaxis for six consecutive months, Advaxis agrees to transfer, and OST agrees to take full ownership of, the IND application for ADXS31-164 in its entirety to OST, along with agreements and promises contained therein, as well as all obligations associated with this IND or any HER2 product/program development. Until OST makes its Monthly Payments to Advaxis for six consecutive months, Advaxis will continue to bear the costs of the regulatory filing services related to the IND application for ADXS31-164.

Within five business days of achieving the funding milestone of $2,337,500 for the performance of the Children’s Oncology Group study (knowns as the “License Commencement Date”), OST will make a non-refundable and non-creditable payment to Advaxis of $1,550,000 less the cumulative Monthly Payments previously made (the “License Commencement Payment”). Within five days following the License Commencement Date, Advaxis will provide existing drug supply “as is” to OST, and until the drug supply is supplied to OST, Advaxis will bear the storage costs for the drug product. Pursuant to the agreement, the Company is also to receive sales-based milestone payments and royalties on future product sales. In addition, the Company and OST will establish a Joint Steering Committee to oversee the R&D activities.

The promises to (1) Maintain the HER2 product until transfer to OST, (2) Provide the IND application ownership for ADX321-164 to OST, (3) Participate in the Joint Steering Committee, (4) Transfer of IP & licensing rights of ADXS31-164 and related Patents, and (5) Provide Clinical Drug Supply represent one combined performance obligation for revenue recognition purposes. The Company concluded that the transfer of the IP and licensing rights provides OST with a functional, or “right to use,” license, and thus the Company will recognize the upfront fees of $1,550,000 from the license at a point in time. The revenue from the transfer of the license cannot be recognized until the transfer of the corresponding IP to OST has occurred and OST has the ability to benefit from the right to use the license. As the right to use the license begins when OST makes the upfront payment within five days of the License Commencement Date and the IP transfers to OST at that time, the upfront fees from the license will be recognized upon the transfer of the intellectual property to OST.

Since OST is making $25,000 monthly payments that will be creditable against the $1,550,000, the Company will receive payments prior to the performance of the single distinct performance obligation. Due to this, the Company will defer any of the monthly payments until the IP and licensing rights are transferred to OST. However, if OST terminates the contract, which they are able to do with 60-day notice, the Company would recognize any of the $25,000 monthly payments received when the contract terminates. As of July 31, 2020, OST has made payments totaling $50,000 and this has been recorded as other liabilities in the condensed balance sheet.

Elanco Animal Health (formerly Aratana Therapeutics)

During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2018, the USDA’s Center for Veterinary Biologics granted Aratana conditional approval for its canine osteosarcoma vaccine using Advaxis’ technology. During the three months ended July 31, 2020 and 2019, Advaxis recognized royalty revenue totaling $0 and $6,000, respectively, from Aratana’s sales of the canine osteosarcoma vaccine. During the nine months ended July 31, 2020 and 2019, Advaxis recognized royalty revenue totaling approximately $3,000 and $8,000, respectively, from Aratana’s sales of the canine osteosarcoma vaccine. On July 16, 2019, Aratana announced their shareholders approved a merger agreement with Elanco Animal Health (“Elanco”) whereby Elanco will be the majority shareholder of Aratana. All of the terms of the Aratana Agreement remain in effect.

Global BioPharma Inc.

On December 9, 2013, the Company entered into an exclusive licensing agreement for the development and commercialization of axalimogene filolisbac with Global BioPharma, Inc. (“GBP”), a Taiwanese based biotech company funded by a group of investors led by Taiwan Biotech Co., Ltd (TBC). During each of the nine months ended July 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recorded $0.3 million in revenue for the annual license fee renewal. Since Advaxis has no significant obligation to perform after the license transfer and has provided GBP with the right to use its intellectual property, performance is satisfied when the license renews.

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9. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Legal Proceedings

Stendhal

On September 19, 2018, Stendhal filed a Demand for Arbitration before the International Centre for Dispute Resolution (Case No. 01-18-0003-5013) relating to the Co-development and Commercialization Agreement with Especificos Stendhal SA de CV (the “Stendhal Agreement”). In the demand, Stendhal alleged that (i) the Company breached the Stendhal Agreement when it made certain statements regarding its AIM2CERV program, (ii) that Stendhal was subsequently entitled to terminate the Agreement for cause, which it did so at the time and (iii) that the Company owes Stendhal damages pursuant to the terms of the Stendhal Agreement. Stendhal is seeking to recover $3 million paid to the Company in 2017 as support payments for the AIM2CERV clinical trial along with approximately $0.3 million in expenses incurred. Stendhal is also seeking fees associated with the arbitration and interest. The Company has answered Stendhal’s Demand for Arbitration and denied that it breached the Stendhal Agreement. The Company also alleges that Stendhal breached its obligations to the Company by, among other things, failing to make support payments that became due in 2018 and that Stendhal therefore owes the Company $3 million. Advaxis is also seeking fees associated with the arbitration and interest.

From October 21-23, 2019, an evidentiary hearing for the arbitration was conducted. On April 1, 2020, the Arbitrator issued a final award denying Stendhal’s claim in full. The Arbitrator found that the Company had not repudiated the Agreement and did not owe Stendhal damages, fees, or interest associated with the arbitration. The Arbitrator also denied the Company’s claim that Stendhal breached its obligations to the Company. The parties were ordered to bear their own attorneys’ fees and evenly split administrative fees and expenses for the arbitration.

10. LEASES

Operating Leases

The Company leases its corporate office and manufacturing facility in Princeton, New Jersey under an operating lease that expires in November 2025. The Company has the option to renew the lease term for two additional five-year terms. The renewal periods were not included the lease term for purposes of determining the lease liability or right-of-use asset. The Company has provided a security deposit of approximately $182,000, which is recorded as Other Assets in the condensed balance sheet.

The Company identified and assessed the following significant assumptions in recognizing its right-of-use assets and corresponding lease liabilities:

● As the Company does not have sufficient insight to determine an implicit rate, the Company estimated the incremental borrowing rate in calculating the present value of the lease payments. The Company utilized a synthetic credit rating model to determine a benchmark for its incremental borrowing rate for its leases. The benchmark rate was adjusted to arrive at an appropriate discount rate for the lease.

● Since the Company elected to account for each lease component and its associated non-lease components as a single combined component, all contract consideration was allocated to the combined lease component.

● Renewal option periods have not been included in the determination of the lease terms as they are not deemed reasonably certain of exercise.

● Variable lease payments, such as common area maintenance, real estate taxes, and property insurance are not included in the determination of the lease’s right-of-use asset or lease liability.

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Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases as of July 31, 2020 was as follows (in thousands):

Operating Leases:
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	5,030
Operating lease liability	$	926
Operating lease liability, net of current portion		5,304
Total operating lease liabilities	$	6,230

Supplemental lease expense related to leases was as follows (in thousands):

Lease Cost (in thousands)	Statements of Operations Classification	For the Three Months Ended July 31, 2020		For the Nine Months Ended July 31, 2020
Operating lease cost	General and administrative		290		869
Short-term lease cost	General and administrative		83		249
Variable lease cost	General and administrative	$	108	$	282
Total lease expense		$	481	$	1,400

Other information related to leases where the Company is the lessee is as follows:

	For the Nine Months Ended July 31, 2020
Weighted-average remaining lease term		5.3 years
Weighted-average discount rate		6.5	%

Supplemental cash flow information related to operating leases was as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended July 31, 2020		For the Nine Months Ended July 31, 2020
Cash paid for operating lease liabilities	$	311	$	922

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable leases as of July 31, 2020 were as follows:

Fiscal Year ending October 31,
2020 (Remaining)	$	311
2021		1,318
2022		1,369
2023		1,395
2024		1,419
Thereafter		1,564
Total minimum lease payments		7,376
Less: Imputed interest		(1,146	)
Total	$	6,230

Under ASC 840, future minimum payments under the Company’s operating lease were as follows (in thousands):

Fiscal Year ending October 31,
2020	$	1,233
2021		1,318
2022		1,369
2023		1,395
2024		1,419
Thereafter		1,564
Total	$	8,298

Under ASC 840, rent expense for each of the years ended October 31, 2019 and 2018 was approximately $1.2 million.

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11. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

A summary of the changes in stockholders’ equity for the three and nine months ended July 31, 2020 and 2019 is presented below (in thousands, except share data):

	Preferred Stock				Common Stock				Additional Paid-In			Accumulated			Total Shareholders’
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Capital			Deficit			Equity
Balance at November 1, 2018		-	$	-		4,634,189	$	5	$	391,703		$	(367,657	)	$	24,051
Stock based compensation		-		-		9,811		-		622			-			622
Tax withholdings paid on equity awards		-		-		-		-		(11	)		-			(11	)
Tax shares sold to pay for tax withholdings on equity awards		-		-		-		-		11			-			11
Issuance of shares to employees under ESPP Plan		-		-		2,007		-		9			-			9
ESPP Expense		-		-		-		-		1						1
Net Income		-		-		-				-			12,817			12,817
Balance at January 31, 2019		-	$	-		4,646,007	$	5	$	392,335		$	(354,840	)	$	37,500
Stock based compensation		-		-		693		-		479			-			479
Tax withholdings paid on equity awards		-		-		-		-		(3	)		-			(3	)
Tax shares sold to pay for tax withholdings on equity awards		-		-		-		-		3			-			3
Issuance of shares to employees under ESPP Plan		-		-		1,505		-		7			-			7
Warrant exercises		-		-		15,300		-		68			-			68
Warrant liability reclassified into equity		-		-		-		-		53			-			53
ESPP Expense		-		-		-		-		1						1
Shares issued in settlement of warrants		-		-		856,865		1		5,462			-			5,463
Advaxis public offerings, net of offering costs		-		-		2,500,000		2		8,980			-			8,982
Net Loss		-		-		-		-		-			(9,383	)		(9,383	)
Balance at April 30, 2019		-	$	-		8,020,370	$	8	$	407,385		$	(364,223	)	$	43,170
Stock based compensation						408		-		464			-			464
Tax withholdings paid on equity awards		-		-		-		-		1			-			(1	)
Tax shares sold to pay for tax withholdings on equity awards		-		-		-		-		(1	)		-			1
Issuance of shares to employees under ESPP Plan		-		-		1,073		-		3			-			3
Shares issued in settlement of warrants		-		-		577,000		1		-			-			1
Advaxis public offerings, net of offering costs		-		-		10,650,000		11		15,478			-			15,489
Net Loss		-		-		-		-		-			(9,858	)		(9,858	)
Balance at July 31, 2019		-	$	-		19,248,851	$	20	$	423,330		$	(374,081	)	$	49,269

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	Preferred Stock				Common Stock				Additional Paid-In			Accumulated			Total Shareholders’
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Capital			Deficit			Equity
Balance at November 1, 2019		-	$	-		50,201,671	$	50	$	423,750		$	(384,269	)	$	39,531
Stock based compensation		-		-		2,957		-		242			-			242
Advaxis public offerings, net of offering costs		-		-		10,000,000		10		9,618			-			9,628
Warrant exercises		-		-		26,416		-		2			-			2
Issuance of shares to employees under ESPP Plan		-		-		5,555		-		2			-			2
Net Income		-		-		-		-		-			(7,857	)		(7,857	)
Balance at January 31, 2020		-	$	-		60,236,599	$	60	$	433,614		$	(392,126	)	$	41,548
Stock based compensation		-		-		5,651		-		210			-			210
Warrant exercises		-		-		7,500		-		-			-			-
Issuance of shares to employees under ESPP Plan		-		-		2,694		-		2			-			2
Net Income		-		-		-		-		-			(6,323	)		(6,323	)
Balance at April 30, 2020		-	$	-		60,252,444	$	60	$	433,826		$	(398,449	)	$	35,437
Stock based compensation		-		-		-		-		255			-			255
Tax withholdings paid on equity awards		-		-		-		-		(1	)		-			(1	)
Tax shares sold to pay for tax withholdings on equity awards		-		-		-		-		1			-			1
Issuance of shares to employees under ESPP Plan		-		-		2,899		-		2			-			2
At-the-market shares issued, net of offering costs		-		-		1,375,337		1		956			-			957
Commitment fee shares issued for equity line		-		-		1,084,266		1		643			-			644
Net Income		-		-		-		-		-			(5,829	)		(5,829	)
Balance at July 31, 2020		-	$	-		62,714,946	$	62	$	435,682		$	(404,278	)	$	31,466

On February 21, 2019, the Company’s stockholders voted to approve an amendment to the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “Certificate of Incorporation”) increase the number of authorized shares of common stock from 95,000,000 to 170,000,000 and also voted to approve an amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation allow the Company to execute a reverse stock split of common stock at the discretion of the Board of Directors. The amendment to increase the number of authorized shares of common stock became effective upon filing of the amendment with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on February 28, 2019. Additionally, on March 29, 2019, the Company executed a 1 for 15 reverse stock split.

In April 2019, the Company issued 2,500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock in a public offering at $4.00 per share, less underwriting discounts and commissions. The net proceeds to the Company from the transaction was approximately $9 million.

In July 2019, the Company closed on an underwritten public offering of 10,650,000 shares of its common stock, pre-funded warrants to purchase 13,656,000 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase up to 17,142,000 shares of common stock at a public offering price of $1.20, for gross proceeds of $17.0 million. Each share of common stock or pre-funded warrant was sold together in a fixed combination with a warrant to purchase 0.75 shares of common stock. The pre-funded warrants are exercisable immediately, do not expire and have an exercise price of $0.001 per share. The warrants are exercisable immediately, expire five years from the date of issuance, have an exercise price of $2.80 per share and are subject to anti-dilution and other adjustments for certain stock splits, stock dividends, or recapitalizations. The warrants also provide that if during the period of time between the date that is the earlier of (i) 30 days after issuance and (ii) if the common stock trades an aggregate of more than 35,000,000 shares after the pricing of the offering, and ending 15 months after issuance, the weighted-average price of common stock immediately prior to the exercise date is lower than the then-applicable exercise price per share, each Common Warrant may be exercised, at the option of the holder, on a cashless basis for one share of Common Stock. After deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses, the net proceeds from the offering were approximately $15.5 million.

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In January 2020, the Company closed on a public offering of 10,000,000 shares of its common stock at a public offering price of $1.05, for gross proceeds of $10.5 million. In addition, the Company also undertook a concurrent private placement of warrants to purchase up to 5,000,000 shares of common stock. The warrants have an exercise price per share of $1.25, are exercisable during the period beginning on the six-month anniversary of the date of its issuance (the “Initial Exercise Date”) and will expire on the fifth anniversary of the Initial Exercise Date. The warrants contain a change of control provision whereby if the change of control is within the Company’s control, the warrants could be settled in cash based on the Black-Scholes value of the warrants at the option of the warrant holder. The warrants also provide that if there is no effective registration statement registering, or no current prospectus available for, the issuance or resale of the warrant shares, the warrants may be exercised via a cashless exercise. After deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses, the net proceeds from the offering were approximately $9.6 million.

At the Annual Meeting of Stockholders of the Company held on May 4, 2020, the stockholders ratified and approved an amendment to the Company’s 2015 Incentive Plan to increase the aggregate number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance under such Plan from 877,744 shares to 6,000,000 shares.

In May 2020, the Company entered into a sales agreement related to an ATM equity offering program pursuant to which the Company may sell, from time to time, common stock with an aggregate offering price of up to $40 million through A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners, as sales agent. From May 2020 to July 2020, the Company sold 1,375,337 shares of its common stock under the ATM program for $1.085 million, or an average of $0.79 per share, and received net proceeds of $0.957 million, net of commissions of $35,000.

Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement

On July 30, 2020, the Company entered into a Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) and a Registration Rights Agreement (the “Registration Rights Agreement”) with Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC (“Lincoln Park”). Over the 36-month term of the Purchase Agreement, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, from time to time, to sell to Lincoln Park up to an aggregate amount of $20,000,000 of shares of common stock, in its sole discretion and subject to certain conditions, including that the closing price of its common stock is not below $0.10 per share, to direct Lincoln Park to purchase up to 1,000,000 shares (the “Regular Purchase Share Limit”) of its Common Stock (each such purchase, a “Regular Purchase”). Lincoln Park’s maximum obligation under any single Regular Purchase will not exceed $1,000,000, unless the parties mutually agree to increase the maximum amount of such Regular Purchase. The purchase price for shares of Common Stock to be purchased by Lincoln Park under a Regular Purchase will be the equal to the lower of (in each case, subject to the adjustments described in the Purchase Agreement): (i) the lowest sale price for the Company’s common stock on the applicable purchase date, and (ii) the arithmetic average of the three lowest sale prices for the Company’s common stock during the ten trading days prior to the purchase date.

As consideration for entering into the Purchase Agreement, the Company issued 1,084,266 shares of common stock to Lincoln Park as a commitment fee. The shares were valued at approximately $0.6 million and were recorded as deferred offering expenses in the condensed balance sheet. The deferred charges will be charged against paid-in capital upon future proceeds from the sale of common stock under the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement.

12. FAIR VALUE

The authoritative guidance for fair value measurements defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or the most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Market participants are buyers and sellers in the principal market that are (i) independent, (ii) knowledgeable, (iii) able to transact, and (iv) willing to transact. The guidance describes a fair value hierarchy based on the levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value which are the following:

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● Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

● Level 2— Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or corroborated by observable market data or substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

● Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the value of the assets or liabilities.

The following table provides the assets and liabilities carried at fair value measured on a recurring basis as of July 31, 2020 and October 31, 2019 (in thousands):

July 31, 2020	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Common stock warrant liability, warrants exercisable at $0.372 through September 2024		-		-	$	33	$	33

October 31, 2019	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Common stock warrant liability, warrants exercisable at $0.372 through September 2024		-		-	$	19	$	19

The following table sets forth a summary of the changes in the fair value of the Company’s warrant liabilities:

	For the Nine Months Ended July 31, 2020
Beginning balance	$	19
Warrant exercises		(2	)
Change in fair value		16
Ending Balance	$	33

13. Subsequent Events

On August 3, 2020, Lincoln Park purchased 3,510,527 shares of common stock for gross proceeds of approximately $2 million. The net proceeds to the Company from the transaction was approximately $1.9 million.

On September 4, 2020, the Company and Molly Henderson, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, announced that Ms. Henderson is stepping down as Chief Financial Officer effective September 25, 2020.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements about our plans and expectations of what may happen in the future. Forward-looking statements are based on a number of assumptions and estimates that are inherently subject to significant risks and uncertainties, and our results could differ materially from the results anticipated by our forward-looking statements as a result of many known or unknown factors, including, but not limited to, those factors discussed below in Part II Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of this Form 10-Q. See also the “Special Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” set forth at the beginning of this report.

You should read the following discussion and analysis in conjunction with the unaudited financial statements, and the related footnotes thereto, appearing elsewhere in this report, and in conjunction with management’s discussion and analysis and the audited financial statements included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2019, as filed with the SEC on December 20, 2019, as amended by Amendment No. 1 thereto on Form 10-K/A filed on January 21, 2020 and by Amendment No. 2 thereto on Form 10-K/A filed on February 28, 2020 (the “2019 Form 10-K/A”). In addition, we intend to use our media and investor relations website (www.advaxis.com/investor-relations), SEC filings, press releases, public conference calls and webcasts to communicate with the public about Advaxis, its services and other issues.

Overview

Advaxis, Inc. (“we” or “Advaxis”) is a clinical-stage biotechnology company focused on the development and commercialization of proprietary Listeria monocytogenes (“Lm”)-based antigen delivery products. We are using our Lm platform directed against tumor-specific targets in order to engage the patient’s immune system to destroy tumor cells. Through a license from the University of Pennsylvania, we have exclusive access to this proprietary formulation of attenuated Lm called Lm Technology^TM. Our proprietary approach is designed to deploy a unique mechanism of action that redirects the immune system to attack cancer in three distinct ways:

● Alerting and training the immune system by activating multiple pathways in Antigen-Presenting Cells (“APCs”) with the equivalent of multiple adjuvants;

● Attacking the tumor by generating a strong, cancer-specific T cell response; and

● Breaking down tumor protection through suppression of the protective cells in the tumor microenvironment (“TME”) that shields the tumor from the immune system. This enables the activated T cells to begin working to attack the tumor cells.

Our proprietary Lm platform technology has demonstrated clinical activity in several of our programs and has been dosed in over 470 patients across multiple clinical trials and in various tumor types. We believe that Lm Technology immunotherapies can complement and address significant unmet needs in the current oncology treatment landscape. Specifically, our product candidates have the potential to work synergistically with other immunotherapies, including checkpoint inhibitors, while having a generally well-tolerated safety profile.

Recent Developments

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus (COVID-19) a pandemic, and on March 13, 2020, the United States declared a national emergency with respect to COVID-19. The pandemic has resulted in government-imposed quarantines, travel restrictions, business and school closures and other public health safety measures, many of which remain in effect to varying degrees. We continue to monitor the COVID-19 pandemic and take steps intended to mitigate the potential risks to our workforce and our operations. The COVID-19 pandemic has, and may continue to, directly or indirectly affect the pace of enrollment in our clinical trials as patients may avoid or may not be able to travel to healthcare facilities and physicians’ offices unless due to a health emergency and clinical trial staff can no longer get to the clinic. Nonetheless, thus far, the COVID-19 pandemic has not had a significant impact on the business. However, we remain in contact with the clinical sites in our study and are in discussion with additional sites to combat any potential impact in enrollment. We are unable to determine or predict the extent, duration or scope of the overall impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, operations, financial condition or liquidity.

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Strategic Transactions

As a matter of course, we are reviewing strategic transactions and alternatives and there can be no assurance that we will be successful in identifying or completing any strategic transactions, that any such strategic transaction will result in additional value for our stockholders or that the process will not have an adverse impact on our business. These transactions could include, but are not limited to, collaboration agreements, co-development agreements, strategic mergers, reverse mergers, the issuance or buyback of public shares, or the purchase or sale of specific assets, in addition to other potential actions aimed at increasing stockholder value. There can be no assurance that the review of strategic transactions will result in the identification or consummation of any transaction. Our Board of Directors may also determine that our most effective strategy is to continue to effectuate our current business plan. Any potential transaction would be dependent upon a number of factors that may be beyond our control, including, but not limited to, market conditions, industry trends, the interest of third parties in our business and the availability of financing to potential buyers on reasonable terms. No decision has been made with respect to any transaction.

The Advaxis Corporate Strategy

Our strategy is to advance the Lm Technology platform and leverage its unique capabilities to design and develop an array of cancer treatments. We are currently conducting or have conducted clinical studies of Lm Technology immunotherapies in HPV-associated cancers (including cervical and head and neck), prostate cancer, non-small cell lung cancer and other solid tumor types. We are working with, or are in the process of identifying, collaborators for our programs.

Moving forward, we expect that we will continue to invest in our core clinical program areas and will also remain opportunistic in evaluating Investigator Sponsored Trials (“ISTs”) as well as licensing opportunities. The Lm Technology platform is protected by a range of patents, covering both product and process, some of which we believe can be maintained into 2040.

Advaxis Pipeline of Product Candidates

Disease focused hotspot/ ‘off the shelf’ neoantigen therapies (ADXS-HOT)

We are creating a new group of immunotherapy constructs for major solid tumor cancers that combines our optimized Lm Technology vector with promising targets designed to generate potent anti-cancer immunity. The ADXS-HOT program is a series of novel cancer immunotherapies that will target somatic mutations, or hotspots, cancer testis antigens, or CTAs, and oncofetal antigens, or OFAs. These three types of targets form the basis of the ADXS-HOT program because they are designed to be more capable of generating potent, tumor specific, and high strength killer T cells, versus more traditional over-expressed native sequence tumor associated antigens. Most hotspot mutations and OFA/CTA proteins play critical roles in oncogenesis; targeting both at once could significantly impair cancer proliferation. The ADXS-HOT products will combine many of the potential high avidity targets that are expressed in all patients with the target disease into one “off-the-shelf,” ready to administer treatment. We believe the ADXS-HOT technology has a strong intellectual property, or IP, position, with potential protection into 2040, and an IP filing strategy providing for broad coverage opportunities across multiple disease platforms and combination therapies.

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In July 2018, we announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, allowed our investigational new drug, or IND, application for our ADXS-HOT drug candidate (ADXS-503) for non-small cell lung cancer, or NSCLC. The Phase 1/2 clinical trial of ADXS-503 is seeking to establish the recommended dose, safety, tolerability and clinical activity of ADXS-503 administered alone and in combination with a KEYTRUDA® in approximately 50 patients with NSCLC, in at least five sites across the U.S. The two dose levels with monotherapy in Part A, (1x10⁸ and 5x10⁸ CFU) and Part B with ADXS-503 (1x10⁸ CFU) in combination with KEYTRUDA® have been completed. Based on the results reported to date, including an observed stable disease and a partial response in the first two patients in Part B who previously progressed on KEYTRUDA®, we have expanded Part B to additional patients at dose level 1 (1x10⁸ CFU + KEYTRUDA®) with the potential to proceed to dose level 2 (5x10⁸ CFU + KEYTRUDA®) at a later date. In addition, we have begun enrolling patients in Part C of the study, which evaluates ADXS-503 in combination with KEYTRUDA® (1x10⁸ CFU + KEYTRUDA®) as a first line treatment for patients that are unsuitable to receive the standard of care regimen with KEYTRUDA® in combination with chemotherapy.

Additionally, in January 2020, we announced that the FDA has allowed our IND for the initiation for a Phase 1 clinical study of ADXS-504, our ADXS-HOT drug candidate for prostate cancer, which we anticipate to begin enrolling patients by the end of 2020.

Prostate Cancer (ADXS-PSA)

According to the American Cancer Society, prostate cancer is the second most common type of cancer found in American men and is the second leading cause of cancer death in men, behind only lung cancer. More than 191,000 men are estimated to be diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2020, with approximately 33,000 deaths each year. Unfortunately, in about 10-20% of cases, men with prostate cancer will go on to develop castration-resistant prostate cancer, or CRPC, which refers to prostate cancer that progresses despite androgen deprivation therapy. Metastatic CRPC, or mCRPC, occurs when the cancer spreads to other parts of the body and there is a rising prostate-specific antigen, PSA, level. This stage of prostate cancer has an average survival of 9-13 months, is associated with deterioration in quality of life, and has few therapeutic options available.

We have entered into a clinical trial collaboration and supply agreement with Merck & Co., or Merck, to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ADXS-PSA as monotherapy and in combination with KEYTRUDA^®, Merck’s anti PD-1 antibody, in a Phase 1/2, open-label, multicenter, dose determination and expansion trial in patients with previously treated metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer (KEYNOTE-046). ADXS-PSA was tested alone or in combination with KEYTRUDA in an advanced and heavily pretreated patient population who had progressed on androgen deprivation therapy. A total of 13 and 37 patients were evaluated on monotherapy and combination therapy, respectively. For the ADXS-PSA monotherapy dose escalation and determination portion of the trial, cohorts were started at a dose of 1 x 10⁹ cfu (n=7) and successfully escalated to higher dose levels of 5x10⁹ cfu (n=3) and 1x10¹⁰ cfu (n=3) without achieving a maximum tolerated dose. Treatment-related adverse events, or TRAEs, noted at these higher dose levels were generally consistent with those observed at the lower dose level (1 x 10⁹ cfu) other than a higher occurrence rate of Grade 2/3 hypotension. The Recommended Phase II Dose of ADXS-PSA monotherapy was determined to be 1x 10⁹ cfu based on a review of the totality of the clinical data. This dose was used in combination with 200mg of pembrolizumab in a cohort of six patients to evaluate the safety of the combination before moving into an expanded cohort of patients. The safety of the combination was confirmed and enrollment in the expansion cohort phase was initiated. Enrollment in the study was completed in January 2017.

Data regarding checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy (KEYNOTE-199) has shown some antitumor activity that provides disease control in a subset of patients with bone-predominant mCRPC previously treated with next generation hormonal agents and docetaxel. Data from the KEYNOTE-199 trial in bone-predominant mCRPC patients treated with KEYTRUDA®, or pembrolizumab, was presented at the ASCO GU meeting in 2019. In this trial, the total stable disease/disease stabilization rate was 39% with no responses reported so far, and only one patient with ≥50% decrease in the post-baseline PSA value. It is hypothesized that the limited activity in mCRPC may be due to 1) the inability of the checkpoint inhibitor to infiltrate the tumor microenvironment and 2) the presence of an immunosuppressive tumor micro-environment, or TME. The combination therapy with agents—like Lm constructs—that induce T cell infiltration within the tumor and decrease negative regulators in the TME may improve performance of checkpoints in prostate cancer.

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For KEYNOTE-046, as of the final data cutoff, September 16, 2019, the median overall survival (mOS) for 37 patients in the combination arm was 33.7 months (95% CI, range 15.4-33.7 months) and the median overall survival (95% CI) of 16.4 months (4.0-NR) for patients with prior visceral metastasis (n=11; 10 pts with prior docetaxel). This updated median overall survival is an increase from the previous data presented at the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting in April 2019, where median overall survival was 21.1 months in the combination arm. The majority of TRAEs consisted of transient and reversible Grade 1-2 chills/rigors, fever, hypotension, nausea and fatigue. The combination of ADXS-PSA and KEYTRUDA® has appeared to be well-tolerated to date, with no additive toxicity observed. We are in discussions with potential partners regarding opportunities to expand or advance this mCRPC program.

HPV-Related Cancers

We conducted several studies evaluating axalimogene filolisbac, or AXAL, for HPV-related cancers. Axalimogene filolisbac (AXAL) is an Lm-based antigen delivery product directed against HPV and designed to target cells expressing HPV.

In June 2019, we announced the closing of our AIM2CERV Phase 3 clinical trial with AXAL in high-risk locally advanced cervical cancer. The decision to close the study was based on the estimated remaining cost to complete the AIM2CERV trial of $80 million to $90 million, in addition to the timing to complete the study. The initial efficacy data was not anticipated for at least three years. No results from the clinical trial were to be available for at least three more years and therefore, results of the study were not the basis for the decision to close the study, nor was safety as the trial recently underwent its third Independent Data Monitoring Committee (IDMC) review with no safety issues noted. We are in the process of winding down the study and plan to publish the results in a medical journal in the future. We have no plans to further fund studies using AXAL.

In 2014, Advaxis granted Global BioPharma, or GBP, an exclusive license for the development and commercialization of AXAL in Asia, Africa, and the former Soviet Union territory, exclusive of India and certain other countries. GBP is responsible for all development and commercial costs and activities associated with the development in their territories. GBP anticipates initiating its Phase 2, open-label controlled trial in HPV-associated NSCLC in patients following first-line chemotherapy by the end of 2019. The study will be assessing the effects of AXAL when combined with pemetrexed in patients with HPV+ NSCLC, following first line induction therapy.

Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended July 31, 2020 and 2019

Revenue

Revenue decreased approximately $6,000 to $0 for the three months ended July 31, 2020 compared to $6,000 for the three months ended July 31, 2019. In the prior period, we received royalty payments from Elanco.

Research and Development Expenses

We invest in research and development to advance our Lm technology through our pre-clinical and clinical development programs. Research and development expenses for the three months ended July 31, 2020 and July 31, 2019 were categorized as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended July 31,				Increase (Decrease)
	2020		2019		$			%
Hotspot/Off-the-Shelf therapies	$	768	$	569	$	199			35	%
Prostate cancer		338		330		8			2
HPV-associated cancers		786		2,836		(2,050	)		(72	)
Personalized neoantigen-directed therapies		103		912		(809	)		(89	)
Other expenses		1,463		2,413		(950	)		(39	)
Total research & development expense	$	3,458	$	7,060	$	(3,602	)		(51	)%
Stock-based compensation expense included in research and development expense	$	79	$	241	$	(162	)		(67	)%

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Hotspot/Off-the-Shelf Therapies (ADXS-HOT)

Research and development costs associated with our hotspot mutation-based therapies for the three months ended July 31, 2020 increased approximately $0.2 million to $0.8 million compared to the same period in 2019. The increase is attributable to the site activation and patient enrollment costs with the Phase 1/2 clinical trial. We have completed enrollment in Part A, in monotherapy, and Part B, in combination with pembrolizumab at five sites across the U.S. In February 2020, and further updated in May 2020, we announced the initial clinical data from the study which showed that ADXS-503 has been safe and tolerable with potential signs of clinical activity in four out of the seven evaluable patients achieving stable disease in the refractory setting. In addition, the first two patients evaluated in Part B who previously progressed on pembrolizumab showed stable disease with a 25% reduction in a site lesion in the first patient and a sustained partial response observed in the second patient. We anticipate reporting additional information from this study as it becomes available throughout 2020.

Prostate Cancer Therapy (ADXS-PSA)

Research and development costs associated with our prostate cancer therapy for the three months ended July 31, 2020 were consistent compared to the same period in 2019. The Phase 1/2 study of our ADXS-PSA compound is in combination with KEYTRUDA® (pembrolizumab), Merck’s humanized monoclonal antibody. During 2020, we presented updated data from this study which demonstrated an increase in the median overall survival, or mOS, to 33.7 months for patients in the combination arm of this study and mOS of 16.4 for patients with visceral metasteses (n=11). We are in discussions with potential partners on next steps for this therapy.

HPV-Associated Cancers

The majority of the HPV-associated research and development costs include clinical trial and other related costs associated with our AXAL programs in cervical and head and neck cancers. HPV-associated costs for the three months ended July 31, 2020 decreased approximately $2.1 million, or 72%, compared to the same period in 2019. The decrease resulted from the announcement made in June 2019 regarding the closing of our Phase 3 AIM2CERV study in high-risk locally advanced cervical cancer. We anticipate that we will continue to incur costs associated with the wind down of the study. Additionally, a winding down of several studies, including our Fawcett study in anal cancer and our MEDI4736 study in combination with MedImmune’s investigational anti-PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitor, durvalumab, drove further reduction in costs as compared to the prior period. We anticipate that our costs surrounding HPV-associated studies will continue to decline as we wrap up the remaining clinical and regulatory obligations of the program. We currently do not anticipate funding any new AXAL studies.

Personalized Neoantigen-Directed Therapies

Research and development costs associated with personalized neoantigen-directed therapies for the three months ended July 31, 2020 decreased approximately $0.8 million, or 89%, compared to the same period in 2019. In October 2019, we announced that we have enrolled our last patient in the ADXS-NEO program in monotherapy and will not continue into Part B of this study. As a result, the costs incurred for ADXS-NEO during the three months ended July 31, 2020 consisted of wind down costs associated with terminating the study. We anticipate that we will incur wind down costs for this study until and plan to publish the results of this program in a future medical journal.

Other Expenses

Other expenses include salary and benefit costs, stock-based compensation expense, professional fees, laboratory costs and other internal and external costs associated with our research & development activities. Other expenses for the three months ended July 31, 2020 decreased approximately $1.0 million, or 39%, compared to the same period in 2019. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in salary related expenses, including stock compensation, and travel expenses resulting from cost control measures put in place beginning in June 2018. In addition, there were decreases in laboratory and manufacturing costs, as we are focused on the clinical development of our HOT program and less on early research programs. Additionally, we announced in October 2019 that we are winding down ADXS-NEO and therefore no longer incurring costs to manufacture ADXS-NEO.

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General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses primarily include salary and benefit costs and stock-based compensation expense for employees included in our finance, legal and administrative organizations, outside legal and professional services, and facilities costs. General and administrative expenses for the three months ended July 31, 2020 and July 31, 2019 were as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended July 31,				Increase (Decrease)
	2020		2019		$			%
General and administrative expense	$	2,384	$	3,076	$	(692	)		(22	)%
Stock-based compensation expense included in general and administrative expense	$	176	$	223	$	(47	)		(21	)%

General and administrative expenses for the three months ended July 31, 2020 decreased approximately $0.7 million, or 22%, compared to the same period in 2019. The decrease is attributable to lower legal fees and business development costs.

Changes in Fair Values

For the three months ended July 31, 2020, we recorded non-cash income from changes in the fair value of the warrant liability of approximately $7,000. The decrease in the fair value of liability warrants resulted from a decrease in our share price from $0.67 at April 30, 2020 to $0.58 at July 31, 2020.

For the three months ended July 31, 2019, we recorded non-cash income from changes in the fair value of the warrant liability of approximately $0.2 million. The decrease in the fair value of liability warrants resulted from a decrease in our share price from $3.54 at April 30, 2019 to $0.56 at July 31, 2019.

Results of Operations for the Nine Months Ended July 31, 2020 and 2019

Revenue

Revenue decreased approximately $20.6 million to $0.3 million for the nine months ended July 31, 2020 compared to $20.9 million for the nine months ended July 31, 2019. The decrease was due to a change in the estimated performance period associated with upfront fees received from Amgen in conjunction with the collaboration agreement signed in August 2016. On December 10, 2018, we received a written notice of termination from Amgen with respect to the Amgen Agreement. The termination was effective as of February 8, 2019. As of the notification date, we adjusted revenue on a cumulative catch-up basis considering the revised measure of progress for the combined performance obligation based on the modified service period up to and through the contract termination date of February 8, 2019 resulting in total revenue of $18.7 million in the prior period. In addition, the reimbursement of research and development costs of approximately $2.0 million by Amgen was included in revenue in the prior period.

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Research and Development Expenses

We invest in research and development to advance our Lm technology through our pre-clinical and clinical development programs. Research and development expenses for the nine months ended July 31, 2020 and July 31, 2019 were categorized as follows (in thousands):

	Nine months ended July 31,				Increase (Decrease)
	2020		2019		$			%
Hotspot/Off-the-Shelf therapies	$	2,230		2,246	$	(16	)		(1	)%
Prostate cancer		872		694		178			26
HPV-associated cancers		3,310		5,997		(2,687	)		(45	)
Personalized neoantigen-directed therapies		1,011		2,221		(1,210	)		(54	)
Other expenses		4,816		8,577		(3,761	)		(44	)
Total research & development expense	$	12,239		19,735	$	(7,496	)		(38	)%
Stock-based compensation expense included in research and development expense	$	233		822	$	(589	)		(72	)%

Hotspot/Off-the-Shelf Therapies (ADXS-HOT)

Research and development costs associated with our hotspot mutation-based therapies for the nine months ended July 31, 2020 were consistent compared to the same period in 2019.

Prostate Cancer Therapy (ADXS-PSA)

Research and development costs associated with our prostate cancer therapy for the nine months ended July 31, 2020 increased approximately $0.2 million, or 26%, compared to the same period in 2019. The increase is attributable to a change order from the contract research organization during the current period.

HPV-Associated Cancers

The majority of the HPV-associated research and development costs include clinical trial and other related costs associated with our AXA, programs in cervical and head and neck cancers. HPV-associated costs for the nine months ended July 31, 2020 decreased approximately $2.7 million, or 45%, compared to the same period in 2019. The decrease resulted from the announcement made in June 2019 regarding the closing of our Phase 3 AIM2CERV study in high-risk locally advanced cervical cancer.

Personalized Neoantigen-Directed Therapies

Research and development costs associated with personalized neoantigen-directed therapies for the nine months ended July 31, 2020 decreased approximately $1.2 million, or 54%, compared to the same period in 2019. In October 2019, we announced that we have enrolled our last patient in the ADXS-NEO program in monotherapy and will not continue into Part B of this study. As a result, the costs incurred for ADXS-NEO during the nine months ended July 31, 2020 consisted of wind down costs associated with terminating the study. We anticipate that we will incur wind down costs for this study and plan to publish the results of this program in a future medical journal.

Other Expenses

Other expenses include salary and benefit costs, stock-based compensation expense, professional fees, laboratory costs and other internal and external costs associated with our research & development activities. Other expenses for the nine months ended July 31, 2020 decreased approximately $3.8 million, or 44%, compared to the same period in 2019. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in salary related expenses, including stock compensation, and travel expenses resulting from cost control measures put in place beginning in June 2018. In addition, there were decreases in laboratory and manufacturing costs, as we are focused on the clinical development of our HOT program and less on early research programs. Additionally, we announced in October 2019 that we are winding down ADXS-NEO and therefore no longer incurring costs to manufacture ADXS-NEO.

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General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses primarily include salary and benefit costs and stock-based compensation expense for employees included in our finance, legal and administrative organizations, outside legal and professional services, and facilities costs. General and administrative expenses for the nine months ended July 31, 2020 and July 31, 2019 were as follows (in thousands):

	Nine months ended July 31,				Increase (Decrease)
	2020		2019		$			%
General and administrative expense	$	8,063	$	8,834	$	(771	)		(9	)%
Stock-based compensation expense included in general and administrative expense	$	475	$	743	$	(268	)		(36	)%

General and administrative expenses for the nine months ended July 31, 2020 decreased approximately $0.8 million, or 9%, compared to the same period in 2019. The decrease is attributable to lower legal fees and business development costs.

Changes in Fair Values

For the nine months ended July 31, 2020, we recorded non-cash expense from changes in the fair value of the warrant liability of approximately $16,000. The increase in the fair value of liability warrants resulted from an increase in our share price from $0.32 at October 31, 2019 to $0.58 at July 31, 2020.

For the nine months ended July 31, 2019, we recorded non-cash income from changes in the fair value of the warrant liability of approximately $2.6 million. The decrease in the fair value of liability warrants resulted from a decrease in our share price from $8.42 at October 31, 2018 to $0.56 at July 31, 2019.

Loss on shares issued in settlement of warrants

On March 14, 2019, we entered into private exchange agreements with certain holders of warrants issued in connection with our September 2018 public offering of common stock and warrants. Pursuant to such exchange agreements, we issued 856,865 shares of common stock to the investors in exchange for such warrants on a 1:1 basis. In connection with the warrant exchange, we recorded a loss of approximately $1.6 million for the nine months ended July 31, 2019.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Going Concern and Management’s Plans

Similar to other development stage biotechnology companies, our products that are being developed have not generated significant revenue. As a result, we have suffered recurring losses and we require significant cash resources to execute our business plans. These losses are expected to continue for an extended period of time. The aforementioned factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The accompanying condensed financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The condensed financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of asset amounts or the classification of liabilities that might be necessary should we be unable to continue as a going concern within one year after the date the financial statements are issued.

Historically, our major sources of cash have comprised proceeds from various public and private offerings of our common stock, debt financings, clinical collaborations, option and warrant exercises, NOL tax sales, income earned on investments and grants, and interest income. From October 2013 through July 31, 2020, we raised approximately $305.8 million in gross proceeds ($13.6 million in fiscal year 2020) from various public and private offerings of our common stock. We have sustained losses from operations in each fiscal year since our inception, and we expect losses to continue for the indefinite future. As of July 31, 2020 and October 31, 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $404.3 million and $384.3 million, respectively, and stockholders’ equity of approximately $31.5 million and $39.5 million, respectively.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected the global economy and created significant volatility and disruption of financial markets. An extended period of economic disruption could negatively affect our business, financial condition, and access to sources of liquidity. As of July 31, 2020, we had approximately $23.8 million in cash and cash equivalents. The actual amount of cash that we will need to continue operating is subject to many factors. We have based this estimate on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could use available capital resources sooner than currently expected. The Company has reduced its operating expenses to $20.3 million for the nine months ended July 31, 2020 as compared to $28.6 million during the comparable prior period. Based on this, we expect to have sufficient capital to fund our obligations as they become due in the ordinary course of business until at least July 2021. In addition, we expect to adjust spending accordingly based on the budgeted cash flow requirements developed and the excess cash on hand.

We recognize that we will need to raise additional capital in order to continue to execute our business plan in the future. There is no assurance that additional financing will be available when needed or that we will be able to obtain financing on terms acceptable to us or whether we will become profitable and generate positive operating cash flow. If we are unable to raise sufficient additional funds, we will have to scale back our operations.

On May 8, 2020, the Company entered into a sales agreement related to an at-the-market equity offering program pursuant to which the Company may sell, from time to time, common stock with an aggregate offering price of up to $40 million through A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners, as sales agent, for general corporate purposes.

On July 30, 2020, the Company entered into a purchase agreement with Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC (“Lincoln Park”). Over the 36-month term of the purchase agreement, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, from time to time, in its sole discretion and subject to certain conditions, to direct Lincoln Park to purchase up to an aggregate amount of $20,000,000 of its common stock, subject to certain limitations.

Due to the current state of the Company’s stock price and general market conditions, these programs have not been utilized to their fullest extent, thereby resulting in lower capital availability than anticipated. Management’s plans to mitigate an expected shortfall of capital and to support future operations include obtaining additional funds through partnerships or strategic or financing investors.

Cash Flows

Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities was approximately $18.7 million for the nine months ended July 31, 2020 compared to $27.0 million for the nine months ended July 31, 2019. Net cash used in operating activities includes reduced spending associated with our clinical trial programs and general and administrative activities. The decrease was due to measures to control costs for non-essential items in areas that did not support our strategic direction, and as a result, we have continued to reduce non-strategic operating expenditures over the past several quarters.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities was approximately $0.4 million for the nine months ended July 31, 2020 compared to $0.9 million for the nine months ended July 31, 2019. The reduction is a result of the abandonment of certain non-strategic intellectual property.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was approximately $10.6 million for the nine months ended July 31, 2020 as compared to $24.6 million for the nine months ended July 31, 2019. In January 2020, we completed a public offering of 10,000,000 shares of our common stock, which resulted in net proceeds of approximately $9.7 million. Additionally, during the first nine months of fiscal year 2020, we sold 1,375,337 shares under the ATM program for net proceeds of $0.957 million. In fiscal year 2019, we received net proceeds of approximately $24.5 million from the sales of 13,150,000 shares of our common stock and 13,656,000 pre-funded warrants in public offerings.

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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of July 31, 2020, we had no off-balance sheet arrangements.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and related disclosures in the financial statements. Management considers an accounting estimate to be critical if:

● it requires assumptions to be made that were uncertain at the time the estimate was made, and

● changes in the estimate of difference estimates that could have been selected could have material impact in our results of operations or financial condition.

While we base our estimates and judgments on our experience and on various other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, actual results could differ from those estimates and the differences could be material. The most significant estimates impact the following transactions or account balances: stock compensation, warrant liability valuation and impairment of intangibles.

See Note 2 to our condensed financial statements that discusses significant accounting policies.

New Accounting Standards

See Note 2 to our condensed financial statements that discusses new accounting pronouncements.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

At July 31, 2020, we had approximately $23.8 million in cash and cash equivalents, which consisted primarily of bank deposits and money market funds. Our investment policy and strategy are focused on preservation of capital and supporting our liquidity requirements. We use a combination of internal and external management to execute our investment strategy and achieve our investment objectives. We typically invest in highly-rated securities, and our investment policy generally limits the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer. The policy requires investments generally to be investment grade, with the primary objective of minimizing the potential risk of principal loss. Such interest-earning instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk; however, historical fluctuations of interest income have not been significant.

We have not been exposed nor do we anticipate being exposed to material risks due to changes in interest rates. A hypothetical 10% change in interest rates during any of the periods presented would not have had a material impact on our financial statements.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this report, we conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our chief executive officer and principal financial officer of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“the Exchange Act”). Based upon this evaluation, our chief executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is: (1) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure; and (2) recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.

31

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

During the quarter ended July 31, 2020, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.

Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls

Our management, including our Principal Executive, Financial and Accounting Officers, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal controls over financial reporting will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within our company have been detected.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

The Company is from time to time involved in legal proceedings in the ordinary course of our business. The Company does not believe that any of these claims or proceedings against us is likely to have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on the financial condition or results of operations. Refer to Note 10 to our condensed financial statements for more information on legal proceedings.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Our business and financial results are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties. As a result, the risks and uncertainties discussed in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors in our 2019 Form 10-K/A should be carefully considered.

The information presented below updates, and should be read in conjunction with, the risk factors identified in our 2019 Form 10-K/A. The risks described in our 2019 Form 10-K/A, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the information in the section of this document entitled “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward Looking Statements” are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe are immaterial may also affect our business operations. If any of the risks described in our 2019 Form 10-K/A actually occur, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

Risks Related to our Business and Operations

A global health crisis such as a pandemic, epidemic or outbreak of an infectious disease, such as COVID-19, may materially and adversely affect our business and operations.

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of COVID-19 a pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic is affecting the United States and global economies and has affected, and may continue to affect, our operations and those of third parties on which we rely, including by causing disruptions in our raw material supply and the manufacturing of our product candidates. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the operations of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) and other health authorities, which can result in delays of reviews and approvals, including with respect to our product candidates. The COVID-19 pandemic has, and may continue to, directly or indirectly affect the pace of enrollment in our clinical trials as patients may avoid or may not be able to travel to healthcare facilities and physicians’ offices unless due to a health emergency and clinical trial staff can no longer get to the clinic. Additionally, such facilities and offices have been and may continue to be required to focus limited resources on non-clinical trial matters, including treatment of COVID-19 patients, thereby decreasing availability, in whole or in part, for clinical trial services. In addition, employee disruptions and remote working environments related to the COVID-19 pandemic and the federal, state and local responses to such virus, could materially affect the efficiency and pace with which we work and develop our product candidates and the manufacturing of our product candidates. In addition, COVID-19 infection of our workforce could result in a temporary disruption in our business activities, including manufacturing and other functions. Further, while the potential economic impact brought by, and the duration of, the COVID-19 pandemic is difficult to assess or predict, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global financial markets may reduce our ability to access capital, which could negatively affect our short-term and long-term liquidity. Additionally, the stock market has been unusually volatile during the COVID-19 pandemic and such volatility may continue. The ultimate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is highly uncertain and subject to change. We do not yet know the full extent of potential delays or impacts on our business, financing or clinical trial activities, or on healthcare systems or the global economy as a whole. However, these effects could have a material impact on our liquidity, capital resources, operations and business and those of the third parties on which we rely.

32

As a matter of course, we explore and evaluate strategic transactions for our company. We may not be successful in identifying or completing any strategic transaction and any such strategic transaction completed may not yield additional value for stockholders.

As a matter of course, we are reviewing strategic transactions and alternatives and there can be no assurance that we will be successful in identifying or completing any strategic transactions, that any such strategic transaction will result in additional value for our stockholders or that the process will not have an adverse impact on our business. These transactions could include, but are not limited to, collaboration agreements, co-development agreements, strategic mergers, reverse mergers, the issuance or buyback of public shares, or the purchase or sale of specific assets, in addition to other potential actions aimed at increasing stockholder value. There can be no assurance that the review of strategic transactions will result in the identification or consummation of any transaction. Our Board of Directors may also determine that our most effective strategy is to continue to effectuate our current business plan. The process of reviewing strategic transactions may be time consuming and disruptive to our business operations and, if we are unable to effectively manage the process, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. We could incur substantial expenses associated with identifying and evaluating potential strategic alternatives. No decision has been made with respect to any transaction and we cannot assure you that we will be able to identify and undertake any transaction that allows our shareholders to realize an increase in the value of their common stock or provide any guidance on the timing of such action, if any.

We also cannot assure you that any potential strategic transaction or other alternative transaction, if identified, evaluated and consummated, will provide greater value to our stockholders than that reflected in the current price of our common stock. Any potential transaction would be dependent upon a number of factors that may be beyond our control, including, but not limited to, market conditions, industry trends, the interest of third parties in our business and the availability of financing to potential buyers on reasonable terms. We do not intend to comment regarding the evaluation of strategic alternatives until such time as our Board of Directors has determined the outcome of the process or otherwise has deemed that disclosure is appropriate or required by applicable law. As a consequence, perceived uncertainties related to our future may result in the loss of potential business opportunities and volatility in the market price of our common stock and may make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified personnel and business partners.

Item 6. Exhibits

4.1	Registration Rights Agreement, dated July 30, 2020, by and between Advaxis, Inc. and Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 3, 2020)
10.1	Sales Agreement, dated May 8, 2020, by and between Advaxis, Inc. and A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 8, 2020)
10.2	Purchase Agreement, dated July 30, 2020, by and between Advaxis, Inc. and Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 3, 2020)
31.1*	Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2*	Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1*	Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2*	Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS	XBRL INSTANCE DOCUMENT
101.SCH	XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION SCHEMA DOCUMENT
101.CAL	XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION CALCULATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT
101.DEF	XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION DEFINITION LINKBASE DOCUMENT
101.LAB	XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION LABEL LINKBASE DOCUMENT
101.PRE	XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT

* Filed herewith.

33

SIGNATURES

In accordance with the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	ADVAXIS, INC.
	Registrant
Date: September 10, 2020	By:	/s/ Kenneth A. Berlin
		Kenneth A. Berlin
		President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
	By:	/s/ Molly Henderson
		Molly Henderson
		Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

34

EX-31.1

EXHIBIT 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Kenneth A. Berlin, certify that:

1.	I have reviewed this report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended July 31, 2020 of Advaxis, Inc.;
2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.	The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

September 10, 2020

By:	/s/ Kenneth A. Berlin
Name:	Kenneth A. Berlin
Title:	President and Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

EXHIBIT 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Molly Henderson, certify that:

1.	I have reviewed this report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended July 31, 2020 of Advaxis, Inc.;
2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.	The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

September 10, 2020

By:	/s/ Molly Henderson
Name:	Molly Henderson
Title:	Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.1

EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATION-PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES OXLEY ACT OF 2002

The undersigned as Chief Executive Officer of Advaxis, Inc. (the “Company”), does hereby certify that the foregoing Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarter ended July 31, 2020:

(1)	Fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and
(2)	Fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company.

September 10, 2020

/s/ Kenneth A. Berlin

Kenneth A. Berlin

President and Chief Executive Officer

EX-32.2

EXHIBIT 32.2

CERTIFICATION-PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES OXLEY ACT OF 2002

The undersigned as Chief Financial Officer of Advaxis, Inc. (the “Company”), does hereby certify that the foregoing Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of the Company for the quarter ended July 31, 2020:

(1)	Fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and
(2)	Fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company.

September 10, 2020

/s/ Molly Henderson

Molly Henderson

Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2020	Sep. 02, 2020
Cover [Abstract]
Entity Registrant Name	Advaxis, Inc.
Entity Central Index Key	0001100397
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Jul. 31, 2020
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--10-31
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business Flag	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		66,227,473
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2020

XML

Condensed Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2020	Oct. 31, 2019
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 23,846	$ 32,363
Deferred expenses	1,518	2,353
Deferred offering costs	644
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,291	1,433
Total current assets	27,299	36,149
Property and equipment (net of accumulated depreciation)	3,667	4,350
Intangible assets (net of accumulated amortization)	3,841	4,575
Operating right-of-use asset (net of accumulated amortization)	5,030
Other assets	182	183
Total assets	40,019	45,257
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	414	976
Accrued expenses	1,826	3,478
Common stock warrant liability	33	19
Current portion of operating lease liability	926
Other current liabilities	50	48
Total current liabilities	3,249	4,521
Operating lease liability, net of current portion	5,304
Other liabilities		1,205
Total liabilities	8,553	5,726
Commitments and contingencies - Note 9
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized; Series B Preferred Stock; 0 shares issued and outstanding at July 31, 2020 and October 31, 2019; Liquidation preference of $0 at July 31, 2020 and October 31, 2019
Common stock - $0.001 par value; 170,000,000 shares authorized, 62,714,946 and 50,201,671 shares issued and outstanding at July 31, 2020 and October 31, 2019, respectively	62	50
Additional paid-in capital	435,682	423,750
Accumulated deficit	(404,278)	(384,269)
Total stockholders' equity	31,466	39,531
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 40,019	$ 45,257

XML

Condensed Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2020	Oct. 31, 2019
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Preferred stock, par value	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	5,000,000	5,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Preferred stock, liquidation preference value	$ 0	$ 0
Common stock, par value	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized	170,000,000	170,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	62,714,946	50,201,671
Common stock, shares outstanding	62,714,946	50,201,671

XML

Condensed Statements of Operations (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenue		$ 6	$ 253	$ 20,883
Operating expenses:
Research and development expenses	3,458	7,060	12,239	19,735
General and administrative expenses	2,384	3,076	8,063	8,834
Total operating expenses	5,842	10,136	20,302	28,569
Loss from operations	(5,842)	(10,130)	(20,049)	(7,686)
Other income (expense):
Interest income, net	7	95	108	354
Net changes in fair value of derivative liabilities	7	177	(16)	2,572
Loss on shares issued in settlement of warrants				(1,607)
Other expense	(1)		(2)	(7)
Net loss before benefit for income taxes	(5,829)	(9,858)	(19,959)	(6,374)
Income tax expense			50	50
Net loss	$ (5,829)	$ (9,858)	$ (20,009)	$ (6,424)
Net loss per common share, basic and diluted	$ (0.09)	$ (1.00)	$ (0.35)	$ (0.94)
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding, basic and diluted	61,634,031	9,870,461	57,963,228	6,813,494

XML

Condensed Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net loss	$ (20,009)	$ (6,424)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Stock compensation	708	1,565
Employee stock purchase plan expense	1	3
Loss (gain) on change in value of warrants	16	(2,572)
Loss on shares issued in settlement of warrants		1,607
Loss on disposal of property and equipment		290
Abandonment of intangible assets	892	625
Depreciation expense	683	848
Amortization expense of intangible assets	263	290
Amortization of right-of-use asset	553
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		1,664
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	977	(54)
Other assets	1
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(2,251)	(6,245)
Deferred revenue	50	(18,665)
Operating lease liabilities	(606)
Other liabilities		39
Net cash used in operating activities	(18,722)	(27,029)
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchase of property and equipment		(54)
Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment		8
Cost of intangible assets	(421)	(845)
Net cash used in investing activities	(421)	(891)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Net proceeds of issuance of common stock	10,621	24,471
Warrant exercise		68
Proceeds from employee stock purchase plan	5	19
Employee tax withholdings paid on equity awards	(2)	(15)
Tax shares sold to pay for employee tax withholdings on equity awards	2	14
Net cash provided by financing activities	10,626	24,557
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(8,517)	(3,363)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	32,363	45,118
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	23,846	41,755
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Cash paid for taxes	50	50
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NON-CASH AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Shares issued in settlement of warrants		5,462
Warrant liability reclassified into equity	2	53
Pre-funded warrant exercises		1
Commitment fee shares issued for equity line	644
Amounts accrued for offering costs	$ 37

XML

Nature of Operations

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2020

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Nature of Operations

1. NATURE OF OPERATIONS

Advaxis, Inc. (“Advaxis” or the “Company”) is a clinical-stage biotechnology company focused on the development and commercialization of proprietary Listeria monocytogenes (“Lm”)-based antigen delivery products. The Company is using its Lm platform directed against tumor-specific targets in order to engage the patient’s immune system to destroy tumor cells. Through a license from the University of Pennsylvania, Advaxis has exclusive access to this proprietary formulation of attenuated Lm called Lm Technology^TM. Advaxis’ proprietary approach is designed to deploy a unique mechanism of action that redirects the immune system to attack cancer in three distinct ways:

● Alerting and training the immune system by activating multiple pathways in Antigen-Presenting Cells (“APCs”) with the equivalent of multiple adjuvants;

● Attacking the tumor by generating a strong, cancer-specific T cell response; and

● Breaking down tumor protection through suppression of the protective cells in the tumor microenvironment (“TME”) that shields the tumor from the immune system. This enables the activated T cells to begin working to attack the tumor cells.

Advaxis’ proprietary Lm platform technology has demonstrated clinical activity in several of its programs and has been dosed in over 470 patients across multiple clinical trials and in various tumor types. The Company believes that Lm Technology immunotherapies can complement and address significant unmet needs in the current oncology treatment landscape. Specifically, its product candidates have the potential to work synergistically with other immunotherapies, including checkpoint inhibitors, while having a generally well-tolerated safety profile.

Going Concern and Management’s Plans 

The Company has not yet commercialized any human products and the products that are being developed have not generated significant revenue. As a result, the Company has suffered recurring losses and requires significant cash resources to execute its business plans. These losses are expected to continue for an extended period of time. The aforementioned factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year from the date of filing. The accompanying financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of asset amounts or the classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern within one year after the date the financial statements are issued.

Historically, the Company’s major sources of cash have been comprised of proceeds from various public and private offerings of its common stock, debt financings, clinical collaborations, option and warrant exercises, NOL tax sales, income earned on investments and grants and interest income. From October 2013 through July 31, 2020, the Company raised approximately $305.8 million in gross proceeds ($13.6 million in fiscal year 2020) from various public and private offerings of its common stock. 

As of July 31, 2020, the Company had approximately $23.8 million in cash and cash equivalents. Although the Company expects to have sufficient capital to fund its obligations, as they become due, in the ordinary course of business until at least July 2021, the actual amount of cash that it will need to operate is subject to many factors. Over the past several months, the Company has taken steps to obtain additional financing, including the at-the-market (“ATM”) program and the equity line with Lincoln Park Capital. Due to the current state of the Company’s stock price and general market conditions, these programs have not been utilized to the fullest extent, thereby resulting in lower capital availability than anticipated. Management’s plans to mitigate an expected shortfall of capital and to support future operations include obtaining additional funds through partnerships or strategic or financing investors. The Company has reduced its operating expenses to $20.3 million for the nine months ended July 31, 2020 as compared to $28.6 million during the comparable prior period.

The Company recognizes it will need to raise additional capital in order to continue to execute its business plan in the future. There is no assurance that additional financing will be available when needed or that management will be able to obtain financing on terms acceptable to the Company or whether the Company will become profitable and generate positive operating cash flow. If the Company is unable to raise sufficient additional funds, it will have to scale back its operations.

XML

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Basis of Presentation

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2020

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Basis of Presentation

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Basis of Presentation/Estimates

The accompanying unaudited interim condensed financial statements and related notes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information, and in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) with respect to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements and the accompanying unaudited interim condensed balance sheet as of July 31, 2020 has been derived from the Company’s October 31, 2019 audited financial statements. In the opinion of management, the unaudited interim condensed financial statements furnished include all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods presented.

Operating results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, and the related disclosures at the date of the financial statements and during the reporting period. Significant estimates include the timelines associated with revenue recognition on upfront payments received, fair value and recoverability of the carrying value of property and equipment and intangible assets, fair value of warrant liability, grant date fair value of options, deferred tax assets and any related valuation allowance and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could materially differ from these estimates. 

These unaudited interim condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements of the Company as of and for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2019 and notes thereto contained in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K, as filed with the SEC on December 20, 2019, as amended by Amendment No. 1 thereto on Form 10-K/A filed on January 21, 2020 and by Amendment No. 2 thereto on Form 10-K/A filed on February 28, 2020.

Net Income (Loss) per Share

Basic net income or loss per common share is computed by dividing net income or loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share give effect to dilutive options, warrants, restricted stock units and other potential common stock outstanding during the period. In the case of a net loss, the impact of the potential common stock resulting from warrants, outstanding stock options and convertible debt are not included in the computation of diluted loss per share, as the effect would be anti-dilutive. In the case of net income, the impact of the potential common stock resulting from these instruments that have intrinsic value are included in the diluted earnings per share. The table sets forth the number of potential shares of common stock that have been excluded from diluted net loss per share (as of July 31, 2020, 327,338 warrants are included in the basic earnings per share computation because the exercise price is $0, and as of July 31, 2019, 13,079,000 pre-funded warrants are included in the basic earnings per share computation because the exercise price is nominal):

	As of July 31,
	2020		2019
Warrants		5,070,888		18,301,804
Stock options		914,577		405,372
Restricted stock units		5,818		16,204
Total		5,991,283		18,723,380

Leases

Effective November 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASC Topic 842, Leases (“ASC 842”) using the modified retrospective transition approach by applying the new standard to all leases existing as of the date of initial application. Results and disclosure requirements for reporting periods beginning after November 1, 2019 are presented under ASC 842, while prior period amounts have not been adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with the previous guidance in ASC 840, Leases.

At the inception of an arrangement, the Company determines whether an arrangement is or contains a lease based on the facts and circumstances present in the arrangement. An arrangement is or contains a lease if the arrangement conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Most leases with a term greater than one year are recognized on the balance sheet as operating lease right-of-use assets and current and long-term operating lease liabilities, as applicable. The Company has elected not to recognize on the balance sheet leases with terms of 12 months or less. The Company typically only includes the initial lease term in its assessment of a lease arrangement. Options to extend a lease are not included in the Company’s assessment unless there is reasonable certainty that the Company will renew.

Operating lease liabilities and their corresponding right-of-use assets are recorded based on the present value of lease payments over the expected remaining lease term. Certain adjustments to the right-of-use asset may be required for items such as prepaid or accrued rent. The interest rate implicit in the Company’s leases is typically not readily determinable. As a result, the Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate, which reflects the fixed rate at which the Company could borrow on a collateralized basis the amount of the lease payments in the same currency, for a similar term, in a similar economic environment. In transition to ASC 842, the Company utilized the remaining lease term of its leases in determining the appropriate incremental borrowing rates.

Recent Accounting Standards

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

On November 1, 2019, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (ASU 2016-02), as amended, which establishes ASC 842 and supersedes the lease accounting guidance under ASC 840, and generally requires lessees to recognize operating and financing lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use (ROU) assets on the balance sheet and to provide enhanced disclosures surrounding the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leasing arrangements. We adopted the new guidance using the modified retrospective transition approach by applying the new standard to all leases existing at the date of initial application and not restating comparative periods.

In adopting the new standard, the Company elected to utilize the available package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which does not require the reassessment of the following: (i) whether existing or expired arrangements are or contain a lease, (ii) the lease classification of existing or expired leases, and (iii) whether previous initial direct costs would qualify for capitalization under the new lease standard. Additionally, the Company elected to combine lease and non-lease components and to exclude leases with a term of 12 months or less.

As of the November 1, 2019 effective date, the Company had identified one operating lease arrangement and one short-term lease in which it is a lessee. The adoption of ASC 842 resulted in the recognition of an operating lease liability and a right-of-use asset of approximately $6.8 million and $5.6 million, respectively, on the Company’s balance sheet relating to its leases, with the difference relating to reclassifications of the current accrued rent liability and the current lease incentive obligation of approximately $0.9 million and $0.3 million, respectively, as reductions to the right-of-use-asset for its operating lease. The adoption of the standard did not have a material effect on the Company’s condensed statements of operations or condensed statements of cash flows.

Management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective accounting pronouncements, if adopted, would have a material impact on the accompanying condensed financial statements.

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Property and Equipment

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2020

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and Equipment

3. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

Property and equipment, net consists of the following (in thousands):

	July 31, 2020			October 31, 2019
Leasehold improvements	$	2,335		$	2,335
Laboratory equipment		3,405			3,405
Furniture and fixtures		744			744
Computer equipment		409			409
Construction in progress		83			83
Total property and equipment		6,976			6,976
Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(3,309	)		(2,626	)
Net property and equipment	$	3,667		$	4,350

Depreciation expense for the three months ended July 31, 2020 and 2019 was $0.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively. Depreciation expense for the nine months ended July 31, 2020 and 2019 was $0.7 million and $0.8 million, respectively.

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Intangible Assets

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2020

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Intangible Assets

4. INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Intangible assets, net consist of the following (in thousands):

	July 31, 2020			October 31, 2019
Patents	$	5,208		$	5,833
Licenses		777			777
Software		117			117
Total intangibles		6,102			6,727
Accumulated amortization		(2,261	)		(2,152	)
Intangible assets	$	3,841		$	4,575

The expirations of the existing patents range from 2020 to 2040 but the expirations can be extended based on market approval if granted and/or based on existing laws and regulations. Capitalized costs associated with patent applications that are abandoned without future value are charged to expense when the determination is made not to pursue the application. Patent applications having a net book value of $0.3 million were abandoned and were charged to research and development expenses in the statement of operations for each of the three months ended July 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Patent applications having a net book value of $0.9 million and $0.6 million were abandoned and were charged to research and development expenses in the statement of operations for the nine months ended July 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Amortization expense for intangible assets that was charged to general and administrative expense in the statement of operations aggregated $0.1 million for each of the three months ended July 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Amortization expense for intangible assets that was charged to general and administrative expense in the statement of operations aggregated $0.3 million for each of the nine months ended July 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Management has reviewed its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events and circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset might not be recoverable. Net assets are recorded on the balance sheet for patents and licenses related to axalimogene filolisbac (AXAL), ADXS-HOT, ADXS-PSA and ADXS-HER2 and other products that are in development. However, if a competitor were to gain FDA approval for a treatment before us or if future clinical trials fail to meet the targeted endpoints, the Company would likely record an impairment related to these assets. In addition, if an application is rejected or fails to be issued, the Company would record an impairment of its estimated book value. Lastly, if the Company is unable to raise enough capital to continue funding its studies and developing its intellectual property, the Company would likely record an impairment to these assets.

At July 31, 2020, the estimated amortization expense by fiscal year based on the current carrying value of intangible assets is as follows (in thousands):

	Fiscal year ending October 31,
2020 (Remaining)	$	79
2021		309
2022		309
2023		309
2024		309
Thereafter		2,526
Total	$	3,841

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Accrued Expenses

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2020

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Accrued Expenses

5. ACCRUED EXPENSES:

	July 31, 2020		October 31, 2019
Salaries and other compensation	$	743	$	158
Vendors		604		3,194
Professional fees		479		126
Total accrued expenses	$	1,826	$	3,478

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Common Stock Purchase Warrants and Warrant Liability

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2020

Common Stock Purchase Warrants And Warrant Liability

Common Stock Purchase Warrants and Warrant Liability

6. COMMON STOCK PURCHASE WARRANTS AND WARRANT LIABILITY

Warrants

As of July 31, 2020, there were outstanding warrants to purchase 5,398,226 shares of our common stock with exercise prices ranging from $0 to $281.25 per share. Information on the outstanding warrants is as follows:

Exercise Price		Number of Shares Underlying Warrants		Expiration Date	Type of Financing
$	-		327,338	July 2024	July 2019 Public Offering
$	281.25		25	N/A	Other warrants
$	0.372		70,863	September 2024	September 2018 Public Offering
$	1.25		5,000,000	July 2025	January 2020 Public Offering
	Grand Total		5,398,226

As of October 31, 2019, there were outstanding warrants to purchase 432,142 shares of our common stock with exercise prices ranging from $0 to $281.25 per share. Information on the outstanding warrants is as follows:

Exercise Price		Number of Shares Underlying Warrants		Expiration Date	Type of Financing
$	-		359,838	July 2024	July 2019 Public Offering
$	281.25		25	N/A	Other Warrants
$	0.372		72,279	September 2024	September 2018 Public Offering
	Grand Total		432,142

A summary of warrant activity was as follows (in thousands, except share and per share data):

	Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life In Years		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding and exercisable warrants at October 31, 2019		432,142		$	0.08		4.76	$	114,069
Issued		5,000,000			1.25
Exercised *		(33,916	)		0.02
Outstanding and exercisable warrants at July 31, 2020		5,398,226		$	1.16		4.90	$	204,596

* Includes the cashless exercise of 32,500 warrants that resulted in the issuance of 32,500 shares of common stock.

As of July 31, 2020, the Company had 5,327,363 of its total 5,398,226 outstanding warrants classified as equity (equity warrants). At October 31, 2019, the Company had 359,863 of its total 432,142 outstanding warrants classified as equity (equity warrants). At issuance, equity warrants are recorded at their relative fair values, using the relative fair value method, in the stockholders’ equity section of the balance sheet.

Warrant Liability

As of July 31, 2020, the Company had 70,863 of its total 5,398,226 outstanding warrants classified as liabilities (liability warrants). At October 31, 2019, the Company had 72,279 of its total 432,142 outstanding warrants classified as liabilities (liability warrants). These warrants contain a down round feature, except for exempt issuances as defined in the warrant agreement, in which the exercise price would immediately be reduced to match a dilutive issuance of common stock, options, convertible securities and changes in option price or rate of conversion. As of July 31, 2020, the down round feature was triggered three times and the exercise price of the warrants were reduced from $22.50 to $0.372. The warrants require liability classification as the warrant agreement requires the Company to maintain an effective registration statement and does not specify any circumstances under which settlement in other than cash would be permitted or required. As a result, net cash settlement is assumed and liability classification is warranted. For these liability warrants, the Company utilized the Monte Carlo simulation model to calculate the fair value of these warrants at issuance and at each subsequent reporting date.

In measuring the warrant liability at July 31, 2020 and October 31, 2019, the Company used the following inputs in its Monte Carlo simulation model:

	July 31, 2020			October 31, 2019
Exercise Price	$	0.372		$	0.372
Stock Price	$	0.58		$	0.32
Expected Term		4.12 years			4.87 years
Volatility %		104.47	%		100.99	%
Risk Free Rate		0.16	%		1.51	%

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Share Based Compensation

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2020

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Share Based Compensation

7. SHARE BASED COMPENSATION

The following table summarizes share-based compensation expense included in the condensed statement of operations (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended July 31,				Nine Months Ended July 31,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Research and development	$	79	$	241	$	233	$	822
General and administrative		176		223		475		743
Total	$	255	$	464	$	708	$	1,565

Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)

A summary of the Company’s RSU activity and related information for the nine months ended July 31, 2020 is as follows:

	Number of RSUs			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Balance at October 31, 2019		14,706		$	47.62
Vested		(8,608	)		59.61
Cancelled		(280	)		98.80
Balance at July 31, 2020		5,818		$	27.40

As of July 31, 2020, there was approximately $0.1 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested RSUs, which is expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted average vesting period of approximately 0.72 years.

As of July 31, 2020, the aggregate intrinsic value of non-vested RSU’s was approximately $3,000.

Employee Stock Awards

Common Stock issued to executives and employees related to vested incentive retention awards, employment inducements, management purchases and employee excellence awards totaled 0 shares and 408 shares during the three months ended July 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Total stock compensation expense associated with employee awards for the three months ended July 31, 2020 and 2019 was approximately $40,000 and $0.2 million, respectively

Common Stock issued to executives and employees related to vested incentive retention awards, employment inducements, management purchases and employee excellence awards totaled 8,608 shares and 10,947 shares during the nine months ended July 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Total stock compensation expense associated with employee awards for the nine months ended July 31, 2020 and 2019 was approximately $0.1 million and $0.7 million, respectively.

Stock Options

A summary of changes in the stock option plan for the nine months ended July 31, 2020 is as follows:

	Number of Options			Weighted-Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at October 31, 2019:		560,490		$	71.56
Granted		450,000			0.66
Canceled or expired		(95,913	)		58.21
Outstanding at July 31, 2020		914,577			38.08
Vested and Exercisable at July 31, 2020		266,380		$	125.14

During the nine months end July 31, 2020, the Company granted options to purchase 385,000 and 65,000 shares of its common stock to employees and directors, respectively. The stock options have a ten-year term, vest over three years, and have an exercise price of $0.66.

Total compensation cost related to the Company’s outstanding stock options, recognized in the statement of operations for the three months ended July 31, 2020 and 2019 was approximately $0.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively. For the nine months ended July 31, 2020 and 2019, compensation cost related to the Company’s outstanding stock options was approximately $0.6 million and $0.9 million, respectively.

As of July 31, 2020, there was approximately $0.8 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock option awards, which is expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted average vesting period of 1.37 years.

As of July 31, 2020, the aggregate intrinsic value of vested and exercisable options was $0 and the aggregate intrinsic value of non-vested options was approximately $42,000.

In determining the fair value of the stock options granted during the nine months ended July 31, 2020, the Company used the following inputs in its Black Scholes Merton model:

	Nine Months Ended July 31, 2020
Expected Term		5.50-6.50 years
Expected Volatility		100.27-105.21	%
Expected Dividends		0	%
Risk Free Interest Rate		0.36-0.52	%

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

During the nine months ended July 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company issued 11,148 and 4,585 shares, respectively, that were purchased under the 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”).

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Collaboration and Licensing Agreements

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2020

Business Combinations [Abstract]

Collaboration and Licensing Agreements

8. COLLABORATION AND LICENSING AGREEMENTS

OS Therapies LLC

On September 4, 2018, the Company entered into a development, license and supply agreement with OS Therapies (“OST”) for the use of ADXS31-164, also known as ADXS-HER2, for evaluation in the treatment of osteosarcoma in humans. Under the terms of the license agreement, as amended, OST will be responsible for the conduct and funding of a clinical study evaluating ADXS-HER2 in recurrent, completely resected osteosarcoma. Under the most recent amendment to the licensing agreement, OST agrees to pay Advaxis $25,000 per month (“Monthly Payment”) starting on April 30, 2020 until it achieves its funding milestone of $2,337,500. Upon receipt of the first Monthly Payment, Advaxis will initiate the transfer of the intellectual property and licensing rights of ADXS31-164, which were licensed pursuant to the Penn Agreement, back to the University of Pennsylvania. Contemporaneously, OST will enter negotiations with the University of Pennsylvania to establish a licensing agreement for ADXS31-164 to OST for clinical and commercial development of the ADXS31-164 technology.

Provided that OST meets its ongoing obligation to make its Monthly Payments to Advaxis for six consecutive months, Advaxis agrees to transfer, and OST agrees to take full ownership of, the IND application for ADXS31-164 in its entirety to OST, along with agreements and promises contained therein, as well as all obligations associated with this IND or any HER2 product/program development. Until OST makes its Monthly Payments to Advaxis for six consecutive months, Advaxis will continue to bear the costs of the regulatory filing services related to the IND application for ADXS31-164.

Within five business days of achieving the funding milestone of $2,337,500 for the performance of the Children’s Oncology Group study (knowns as the “License Commencement Date”), OST will make a non-refundable and non-creditable payment to Advaxis of $1,550,000 less the cumulative Monthly Payments previously made (the “License Commencement Payment”). Within five days following the License Commencement Date, Advaxis will provide existing drug supply “as is” to OST, and until the drug supply is supplied to OST, Advaxis will bear the storage costs for the drug product. Pursuant to the agreement, the Company is also to receive sales-based milestone payments and royalties on future product sales. In addition, the Company and OST will establish a Joint Steering Committee to oversee the R&D activities.

The promises to (1) Maintain the HER2 product until transfer to OST, (2) Provide the IND application ownership for ADX321-164 to OST, (3) Participate in the Joint Steering Committee, (4) Transfer of IP & licensing rights of ADXS31-164 and related Patents, and (5) Provide Clinical Drug Supply represent one combined performance obligation for revenue recognition purposes. The Company concluded that the transfer of the IP and licensing rights provides OST with a functional, or “right to use,” license, and thus the Company will recognize the upfront fees of $1,550,000 from the license at a point in time. The revenue from the transfer of the license cannot be recognized until the transfer of the corresponding IP to OST has occurred and OST has the ability to benefit from the right to use the license. As the right to use the license begins when OST makes the upfront payment within five days of the License Commencement Date and the IP transfers to OST at that time, the upfront fees from the license will be recognized upon the transfer of the intellectual property to OST.

Since OST is making $25,000 monthly payments that will be creditable against the $1,550,000, the Company will receive payments prior to the performance of the single distinct performance obligation. Due to this, the Company will defer any of the monthly payments until the IP and licensing rights are transferred to OST. However, if OST terminates the contract, which they are able to do with 60-day notice, the Company would recognize any of the $25,000 monthly payments received when the contract terminates. As of July 31, 2020, OST has made payments totaling $50,000 and this has been recorded as other liabilities in the condensed balance sheet.

Elanco Animal Health (formerly Aratana Therapeutics)

During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2018, the USDA’s Center for Veterinary Biologics granted Aratana conditional approval for its canine osteosarcoma vaccine using Advaxis’ technology. During the three months ended July 31, 2020 and 2019, Advaxis recognized royalty revenue totaling $0 and $6,000, respectively, from Aratana’s sales of the canine osteosarcoma vaccine. During the nine months ended July 31, 2020 and 2019, Advaxis recognized royalty revenue totaling approximately $3,000 and $8,000, respectively, from Aratana’s sales of the canine osteosarcoma vaccine. On July 16, 2019, Aratana announced their shareholders approved a merger agreement with Elanco Animal Health (“Elanco”) whereby Elanco will be the majority shareholder of Aratana. All of the terms of the Aratana Agreement remain in effect.

Global BioPharma Inc.

On December 9, 2013, the Company entered into an exclusive licensing agreement for the development and commercialization of axalimogene filolisbac with Global BioPharma, Inc. (“GBP”), a Taiwanese based biotech company funded by a group of investors led by Taiwan Biotech Co., Ltd (TBC). During each of the nine months ended July 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recorded $0.3 million in revenue for the annual license fee renewal. Since Advaxis has no significant obligation to perform after the license transfer and has provided GBP with the right to use its intellectual property, performance is satisfied when the license renews.

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Commitments and Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2020

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

9. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Legal Proceedings

Stendhal

On September 19, 2018, Stendhal filed a Demand for Arbitration before the International Centre for Dispute Resolution (Case No. 01-18-0003-5013) relating to the Co-development and Commercialization Agreement with Especificos Stendhal SA de CV (the “Stendhal Agreement”). In the demand, Stendhal alleged that (i) the Company breached the Stendhal Agreement when it made certain statements regarding its AIM2CERV program, (ii) that Stendhal was subsequently entitled to terminate the Agreement for cause, which it did so at the time and (iii) that the Company owes Stendhal damages pursuant to the terms of the Stendhal Agreement. Stendhal is seeking to recover $3 million paid to the Company in 2017 as support payments for the AIM2CERV clinical trial along with approximately $0.3 million in expenses incurred. Stendhal is also seeking fees associated with the arbitration and interest. The Company has answered Stendhal’s Demand for Arbitration and denied that it breached the Stendhal Agreement. The Company also alleges that Stendhal breached its obligations to the Company by, among other things, failing to make support payments that became due in 2018 and that Stendhal therefore owes the Company $3 million. Advaxis is also seeking fees associated with the arbitration and interest.

From October 21-23, 2019, an evidentiary hearing for the arbitration was conducted. On April 1, 2020, the Arbitrator issued a final award denying Stendhal’s claim in full. The Arbitrator found that the Company had not repudiated the Agreement and did not owe Stendhal damages, fees, or interest associated with the arbitration. The Arbitrator also denied the Company’s claim that Stendhal breached its obligations to the Company. The parties were ordered to bear their own attorneys’ fees and evenly split administrative fees and expenses for the arbitration.

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Leases

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2020

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

10. LEASES

Operating Leases

The Company leases its corporate office and manufacturing facility in Princeton, New Jersey under an operating lease that expires in November 2025. The Company has the option to renew the lease term for two additional five-year terms. The renewal periods were not included the lease term for purposes of determining the lease liability or right-of-use asset. The Company has provided a security deposit of approximately $182,000, which is recorded as Other Assets in the condensed balance sheet.

The Company identified and assessed the following significant assumptions in recognizing its right-of-use assets and corresponding lease liabilities:

● As the Company does not have sufficient insight to determine an implicit rate, the Company estimated the incremental borrowing rate in calculating the present value of the lease payments. The Company utilized a synthetic credit rating model to determine a benchmark for its incremental borrowing rate for its leases. The benchmark rate was adjusted to arrive at an appropriate discount rate for the lease.

● Since the Company elected to account for each lease component and its associated non-lease components as a single combined component, all contract consideration was allocated to the combined lease component.

● Renewal option periods have not been included in the determination of the lease terms as they are not deemed reasonably certain of exercise.

● Variable lease payments, such as common area maintenance, real estate taxes, and property insurance are not included in the determination of the lease’s right-of-use asset or lease liability.

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases as of July 31, 2020 was as follows (in thousands):

Operating Leases:
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	5,030
Operating lease liability	$	926
Operating lease liability, net of current portion		5,304
Total operating lease liabilities	$	6,230

Supplemental lease expense related to leases was as follows (in thousands):

Lease Cost (in thousands)	Statements of Operations Classification	For the Three Months Ended July 31, 2020		For the Nine Months Ended July 31, 2020
Operating lease cost	General and administrative		290		869
Short-term lease cost	General and administrative		83		249
Variable lease cost	General and administrative	$	108	$	282
Total lease expense		$	481	$	1,400

Other information related to leases where the Company is the lessee is as follows:

	For the Nine Months Ended July 31, 2020
Weighted-average remaining lease term		5.3 years
Weighted-average discount rate		6.5	%

Supplemental cash flow information related to operating leases was as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended July 31, 2020		For the Nine Months Ended July 31, 2020
Cash paid for operating lease liabilities	$	311	$	922

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable leases as of July 31, 2020 were as follows:

Fiscal Year ending October 31,
2020 (Remaining)	$	311
2021		1,318
2022		1,369
2023		1,395
2024		1,419
Thereafter		1,564
Total minimum lease payments		7,376
Less: Imputed interest		(1,146	)
Total	$	6,230

Under ASC 840, future minimum payments under the Company’s operating lease were as follows (in thousands):

Fiscal Year ending October 31,
2020	$	1,233
2021		1,318
2022		1,369
2023		1,395
2024		1,419
Thereafter		1,564
Total	$	8,298

Under ASC 840, rent expense for each of the years ended October 31, 2019 and 2018 was approximately $1.2 million.

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Stockholders' Equity

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2020

Equity [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity

11. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

A summary of the changes in stockholders’ equity for the three and nine months ended July 31, 2020 and 2019 is presented below (in thousands, except share data):

	Preferred Stock				Common Stock				Additional Paid-In			Accumulated			Total Shareholders’
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Capital			Deficit			Equity
Balance at November 1, 2018		-	$	-		4,634,189	$	5	$	391,703		$	(367,657	)	$	24,051
Stock based compensation		-		-		9,811		-		622			-			622
Tax withholdings paid on equity awards		-		-		-		-		(11	)		-			(11	)
Tax shares sold to pay for tax withholdings on equity awards		-		-		-		-		11			-			11
Issuance of shares to employees under ESPP Plan		-		-		2,007		-		9			-			9
ESPP Expense		-		-		-		-		1						1
Net Income		-		-		-				-			12,817			12,817
Balance at January 31, 2019		-	$	-		4,646,007	$	5	$	392,335		$	(354,840	)	$	37,500
Stock based compensation		-		-		693		-		479			-			479
Tax withholdings paid on equity awards		-		-		-		-		(3	)		-			(3	)
Tax shares sold to pay for tax withholdings on equity awards		-		-		-		-		3			-			3
Issuance of shares to employees under ESPP Plan		-		-		1,505		-		7			-			7
Warrant exercises		-		-		15,300		-		68			-			68
Warrant liability reclassified into equity		-		-		-		-		53			-			53
ESPP Expense		-		-		-		-		1						1
Shares issued in settlement of warrants		-		-		856,865		1		5,462			-			5,463
Advaxis public offerings, net of offering costs		-		-		2,500,000		2		8,980			-			8,982
Net Loss		-		-		-		-		-			(9,383	)		(9,383	)
Balance at April 30, 2019		-	$	-		8,020,370	$	8	$	407,385		$	(364,223	)	$	43,170
Stock based compensation						408		-		464			-			464
Tax withholdings paid on equity awards		-		-		-		-		1			-			(1	)
Tax shares sold to pay for tax withholdings on equity awards		-		-		-		-		(1	)		-			1
Issuance of shares to employees under ESPP Plan		-		-		1,073		-		3			-			3
Shares issued in settlement of warrants		-		-		577,000		1		-			-			1
Advaxis public offerings, net of offering costs		-		-		10,650,000		11		15,478			-			15,489
Net Loss		-		-		-		-		-			(9,858	)		(9,858	)
Balance at July 31, 2019		-	$	-		19,248,851	$	20	$	423,330		$	(374,081	)	$	49,269

	Preferred Stock				Common Stock				Additional Paid-In			Accumulated			Total Shareholders’
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Capital			Deficit			Equity
Balance at November 1, 2019		-	$	-		50,201,671	$	50	$	423,750		$	(384,269	)	$	39,531
Stock based compensation		-		-		2,957		-		242			-			242
Advaxis public offerings, net of offering costs		-		-		10,000,000		10		9,618			-			9,628
Warrant exercises		-		-		26,416		-		2			-			2
Issuance of shares to employees under ESPP Plan		-		-		5,555		-		2			-			2
Net Income		-		-		-		-		-			(7,857	)		(7,857	)
Balance at January 31, 2020		-	$	-		60,236,599	$	60	$	433,614		$	(392,126	)	$	41,548
Stock based compensation		-		-		5,651		-		210			-			210
Warrant exercises		-		-		7,500		-		-			-			-
Issuance of shares to employees under ESPP Plan		-		-		2,694		-		2			-			2
Net Income		-		-		-		-		-			(6,323	)		(6,323	)
Balance at April 30, 2020		-	$	-		60,252,444	$	60	$	433,826		$	(398,449	)	$	35,437
Stock based compensation		-		-		-		-		255			-			255
Tax withholdings paid on equity awards		-		-		-		-		(1	)		-			(1	)
Tax shares sold to pay for tax withholdings on equity awards		-		-		-		-		1			-			1
Issuance of shares to employees under ESPP Plan		-		-		2,899		-		2			-			2
At-the-market shares issued, net of offering costs		-		-		1,375,337		1		956			-			957
Commitment fee shares issued for equity line		-		-		1,084,266		1		643			-			644
Net Income		-		-		-		-		-			(5,829	)		(5,829	)
Balance at July 31, 2020		-	$	-		62,714,946	$	62	$	435,682		$	(404,278	)	$	31,466

On February 21, 2019, the Company’s stockholders voted to approve an amendment to the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “Certificate of Incorporation”) increase the number of authorized shares of common stock from 95,000,000 to 170,000,000 and also voted to approve an amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation allow the Company to execute a reverse stock split of common stock at the discretion of the Board of Directors. The amendment to increase the number of authorized shares of common stock became effective upon filing of the amendment with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on February 28, 2019. Additionally, on March 29, 2019, the Company executed a 1 for 15 reverse stock split.

In April 2019, the Company issued 2,500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock in a public offering at $4.00 per share, less underwriting discounts and commissions. The net proceeds to the Company from the transaction was approximately $9 million.

In July 2019, the Company closed on an underwritten public offering of 10,650,000 shares of its common stock, pre-funded warrants to purchase 13,656,000 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase up to 17,142,000 shares of common stock at a public offering price of $1.20, for gross proceeds of $17.0 million. Each share of common stock or pre-funded warrant was sold together in a fixed combination with a warrant to purchase 0.75 shares of common stock. The pre-funded warrants are exercisable immediately, do not expire and have an exercise price of $0.001 per share. The warrants are exercisable immediately, expire five years from the date of issuance, have an exercise price of $2.80 per share and are subject to anti-dilution and other adjustments for certain stock splits, stock dividends, or recapitalizations. The warrants also provide that if during the period of time between the date that is the earlier of (i) 30 days after issuance and (ii) if the common stock trades an aggregate of more than 35,000,000 shares after the pricing of the offering, and ending 15 months after issuance, the weighted-average price of common stock immediately prior to the exercise date is lower than the then-applicable exercise price per share, each Common Warrant may be exercised, at the option of the holder, on a cashless basis for one share of Common Stock. After deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses, the net proceeds from the offering were approximately $15.5 million.

In January 2020, the Company closed on a public offering of 10,000,000 shares of its common stock at a public offering price of $1.05, for gross proceeds of $10.5 million. In addition, the Company also undertook a concurrent private placement of warrants to purchase up to 5,000,000 shares of common stock. The warrants have an exercise price per share of $1.25, are exercisable during the period beginning on the six-month anniversary of the date of its issuance (the “Initial Exercise Date”) and will expire on the fifth anniversary of the Initial Exercise Date. The warrants contain a change of control provision whereby if the change of control is within the Company’s control, the warrants could be settled in cash based on the Black-Scholes value of the warrants at the option of the warrant holder. The warrants also provide that if there is no effective registration statement registering, or no current prospectus available for, the issuance or resale of the warrant shares, the warrants may be exercised via a cashless exercise. After deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses, the net proceeds from the offering were approximately $9.6 million.

At the Annual Meeting of Stockholders of the Company held on May 4, 2020, the stockholders ratified and approved an amendment to the Company’s 2015 Incentive Plan to increase the aggregate number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance under such Plan from 877,744 shares to 6,000,000 shares.

In May 2020, the Company entered into a sales agreement related to an ATM equity offering program pursuant to which the Company may sell, from time to time, common stock with an aggregate offering price of up to $40 million through A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners, as sales agent. From May 2020 to July 2020, the Company sold 1,375,337 shares of its common stock under the ATM program for $1.085 million, or an average of $0.79 per share, and received net proceeds of $0.957 million, net of commissions of $35,000.

Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement

On July 30, 2020, the Company entered into a Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) and a Registration Rights Agreement (the “Registration Rights Agreement”) with Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC (“Lincoln Park”). Over the 36-month term of the Purchase Agreement, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, from time to time, to sell to Lincoln Park up to an aggregate amount of $20,000,000 of shares of common stock, in its sole discretion and subject to certain conditions, including that the closing price of its common stock is not below $0.10 per share, to direct Lincoln Park to purchase up to 1,000,000 shares (the “Regular Purchase Share Limit”) of its Common Stock (each such purchase, a “Regular Purchase”). Lincoln Park’s maximum obligation under any single Regular Purchase will not exceed $1,000,000, unless the parties mutually agree to increase the maximum amount of such Regular Purchase. The purchase price for shares of Common Stock to be purchased by Lincoln Park under a Regular Purchase will be the equal to the lower of (in each case, subject to the adjustments described in the Purchase Agreement): (i) the lowest sale price for the Company’s common stock on the applicable purchase date, and (ii) the arithmetic average of the three lowest sale prices for the Company’s common stock during the ten trading days prior to the purchase date.

As consideration for entering into the Purchase Agreement, the Company issued 1,084,266 shares of common stock to Lincoln Park as a commitment fee. The shares were valued at approximately $0.6 million and were recorded as deferred offering expenses in the condensed balance sheet. The deferred charges will be charged against paid-in capital upon future proceeds from the sale of common stock under the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement.

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Fair Value

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2020

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value

12. FAIR VALUE

The authoritative guidance for fair value measurements defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or the most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Market participants are buyers and sellers in the principal market that are (i) independent, (ii) knowledgeable, (iii) able to transact, and (iv) willing to transact. The guidance describes a fair value hierarchy based on the levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value which are the following:

● Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

● Level 2— Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or corroborated by observable market data or substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

● Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the value of the assets or liabilities.

The following table provides the assets and liabilities carried at fair value measured on a recurring basis as of July 31, 2020 and October 31, 2019 (in thousands):

July 31, 2020	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Common stock warrant liability, warrants exercisable at $0.372 through September 2024		-		-	$	33	$	33

October 31, 2019	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Common stock warrant liability, warrants exercisable at $0.372 through September 2024		-		-	$	19	$	19

The following table sets forth a summary of the changes in the fair value of the Company’s warrant liabilities:

	For the Nine Months Ended July 31, 2020
Beginning balance	$	19
Warrant exercises		(2	)
Change in fair value		16
Ending Balance	$	33

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Subsequent Events

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2020

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events

13. Subsequent Events

On August 3, 2020, Lincoln Park purchased 3,510,527 shares of common stock for gross proceeds of approximately $2 million. The net proceeds to the Company from the transaction was approximately $1.9 million.

On September 4, 2020, the Company and Molly Henderson, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, announced that Ms. Henderson is stepping down as Chief Financial Officer effective September 25, 2020.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Basis of Presentation (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2020

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation/Estimates

Basis of Presentation/Estimates

The accompanying unaudited interim condensed financial statements and related notes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information, and in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) with respect to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements and the accompanying unaudited interim condensed balance sheet as of July 31, 2020 has been derived from the Company’s October 31, 2019 audited financial statements. In the opinion of management, the unaudited interim condensed financial statements furnished include all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods presented.

Operating results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, and the related disclosures at the date of the financial statements and during the reporting period. Significant estimates include the timelines associated with revenue recognition on upfront payments received, fair value and recoverability of the carrying value of property and equipment and intangible assets, fair value of warrant liability, grant date fair value of options, deferred tax assets and any related valuation allowance and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could materially differ from these estimates. 

These unaudited interim condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements of the Company as of and for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2019 and notes thereto contained in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K, as filed with the SEC on December 20, 2019, as amended by Amendment No. 1 thereto on Form 10-K/A filed on January 21, 2020 and by Amendment No. 2 thereto on Form 10-K/A filed on February 28, 2020.

Net Income (Loss) Per Share

Net Income (Loss) per Share

Basic net income or loss per common share is computed by dividing net income or loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share give effect to dilutive options, warrants, restricted stock units and other potential common stock outstanding during the period. In the case of a net loss, the impact of the potential common stock resulting from warrants, outstanding stock options and convertible debt are not included in the computation of diluted loss per share, as the effect would be anti-dilutive. In the case of net income, the impact of the potential common stock resulting from these instruments that have intrinsic value are included in the diluted earnings per share. The table sets forth the number of potential shares of common stock that have been excluded from diluted net loss per share (as of July 31, 2020, 327,338 warrants are included in the basic earnings per share computation because the exercise price is $0, and as of July 31, 2019, 13,079,000 pre-funded warrants are included in the basic earnings per share computation because the exercise price is nominal):

	As of July 31,
	2020		2019
Warrants		5,070,888		18,301,804
Stock options		914,577		405,372
Restricted stock units		5,818		16,204
Total		5,991,283		18,723,380

Leases

Leases

Effective November 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASC Topic 842, Leases (“ASC 842”) using the modified retrospective transition approach by applying the new standard to all leases existing as of the date of initial application. Results and disclosure requirements for reporting periods beginning after November 1, 2019 are presented under ASC 842, while prior period amounts have not been adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with the previous guidance in ASC 840, Leases.

At the inception of an arrangement, the Company determines whether an arrangement is or contains a lease based on the facts and circumstances present in the arrangement. An arrangement is or contains a lease if the arrangement conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Most leases with a term greater than one year are recognized on the balance sheet as operating lease right-of-use assets and current and long-term operating lease liabilities, as applicable. The Company has elected not to recognize on the balance sheet leases with terms of 12 months or less. The Company typically only includes the initial lease term in its assessment of a lease arrangement. Options to extend a lease are not included in the Company’s assessment unless there is reasonable certainty that the Company will renew.

Operating lease liabilities and their corresponding right-of-use assets are recorded based on the present value of lease payments over the expected remaining lease term. Certain adjustments to the right-of-use asset may be required for items such as prepaid or accrued rent. The interest rate implicit in the Company’s leases is typically not readily determinable. As a result, the Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate, which reflects the fixed rate at which the Company could borrow on a collateralized basis the amount of the lease payments in the same currency, for a similar term, in a similar economic environment. In transition to ASC 842, the Company utilized the remaining lease term of its leases in determining the appropriate incremental borrowing rates.

Recent Accounting Standards

Recent Accounting Standards

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

On November 1, 2019, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (ASU 2016-02), as amended, which establishes ASC 842 and supersedes the lease accounting guidance under ASC 840, and generally requires lessees to recognize operating and financing lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use (ROU) assets on the balance sheet and to provide enhanced disclosures surrounding the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leasing arrangements. We adopted the new guidance using the modified retrospective transition approach by applying the new standard to all leases existing at the date of initial application and not restating comparative periods.

In adopting the new standard, the Company elected to utilize the available package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which does not require the reassessment of the following: (i) whether existing or expired arrangements are or contain a lease, (ii) the lease classification of existing or expired leases, and (iii) whether previous initial direct costs would qualify for capitalization under the new lease standard. Additionally, the Company elected to combine lease and non-lease components and to exclude leases with a term of 12 months or less.

As of the November 1, 2019 effective date, the Company had identified one operating lease arrangement and one short-term lease in which it is a lessee. The adoption of ASC 842 resulted in the recognition of an operating lease liability and a right-of-use asset of approximately $6.8 million and $5.6 million, respectively, on the Company’s balance sheet relating to its leases, with the difference relating to reclassifications of the current accrued rent liability and the current lease incentive obligation of approximately $0.9 million and $0.3 million, respectively, as reductions to the right-of-use-asset for its operating lease. The adoption of the standard did not have a material effect on the Company’s condensed statements of operations or condensed statements of cash flows.

Management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective accounting pronouncements, if adopted, would have a material impact on the accompanying condensed financial statements.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Basis of Presentation (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2020

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of Anti-dilutive Securities Excluded from Diluted Net Loss Per Share

The table sets forth the number of potential shares of common stock that have been excluded from diluted net loss per share (as of July 31, 2020, 327,338 warrants are included in the basic earnings per share computation because the exercise price is $0, and as of July 31, 2019, 13,079,000 pre-funded warrants are included in the basic earnings per share computation because the exercise price is nominal):

	As of July 31,
	2020		2019
Warrants		5,070,888		18,301,804
Stock options		914,577		405,372
Restricted stock units		5,818		16,204
Total		5,991,283		18,723,380

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Property and Equipment (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2020

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Schedule of Property and Equipment

Property and equipment, net consists of the following (in thousands):

	July 31, 2020			October 31, 2019
Leasehold improvements	$	2,335		$	2,335
Laboratory equipment		3,405			3,405
Furniture and fixtures		744			744
Computer equipment		409			409
Construction in progress		83			83
Total property and equipment		6,976			6,976
Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(3,309	)		(2,626	)
Net property and equipment	$	3,667		$	4,350

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Intangible Assets (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2020

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Intangible Assets

Intangible assets, net consist of the following (in thousands):

	July 31, 2020			October 31, 2019
Patents	$	5,208		$	5,833
Licenses		777			777
Software		117			117
Total intangibles		6,102			6,727
Accumulated amortization		(2,261	)		(2,152	)
Intangible assets	$	3,841		$	4,575

Schedule of Carrying Value of Intangible Assets

At July 31, 2020, the estimated amortization expense by fiscal year based on the current carrying value of intangible assets is as follows (in thousands):

	Fiscal year ending October 31,
2020 (Remaining)	$	79
2021		309
2022		309
2023		309
2024		309
Thereafter		2,526
Total	$	3,841

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Accrued Expenses (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2020

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Schedule of Accrued Expenses

	July 31, 2020		October 31, 2019
Salaries and other compensation	$	743	$	158
Vendors		604		3,194
Professional fees		479		126
Total accrued expenses	$	1,826	$	3,478

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Common Stock Purchase Warrants and Warrant Liability (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2020

Common Stock Purchase Warrants And Warrant Liability

Schedule of Outstanding Warrants

As of July 31, 2020, there were outstanding warrants to purchase 5,398,226 shares of our common stock with exercise prices ranging from $0 to $281.25 per share. Information on the outstanding warrants is as follows:

Exercise Price		Number of Shares Underlying Warrants		Expiration Date	Type of Financing
$	-		327,338	July 2024	July 2019 Public Offering
$	281.25		25	N/A	Other warrants
$	0.372		70,863	September 2024	September 2018 Public Offering
$	1.25		5,000,000	July 2025	January 2020 Public Offering
	Grand Total		5,398,226

As of October 31, 2019, there were outstanding warrants to purchase 432,142 shares of our common stock with exercise prices ranging from $0 to $281.25 per share. Information on the outstanding warrants is as follows:

Exercise Price		Number of Shares Underlying Warrants		Expiration Date	Type of Financing
$	-		359,838	July 2024	July 2019 Public Offering
$	281.25		25	N/A	Other Warrants
$	0.372		72,279	September 2024	September 2018 Public Offering
	Grand Total		432,142

Schedule of Warrants Activity

A summary of warrant activity was as follows (in thousands, except share and per share data):

	Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life In Years		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding and exercisable warrants at October 31, 2019		432,142		$	0.08		4.76	$	114,069
Issued		5,000,000			1.25
Exercised *		(33,916	)		0.02
Outstanding and exercisable warrants at July 31, 2020		5,398,226		$	1.16		4.90	$	204,596

* Includes the cashless exercise of 32,500 warrants that resulted in the issuance of 32,500 shares of common stock.

Schedule of Assumptions Used in Warrant Liability

In measuring the warrant liability at July 31, 2020 and October 31, 2019, the Company used the following inputs in its Monte Carlo simulation model:

	July 31, 2020			October 31, 2019
Exercise Price	$	0.372		$	0.372
Stock Price	$	0.58		$	0.32
Expected Term		4.12 years			4.87 years
Volatility %		104.47	%		100.99	%
Risk Free Rate		0.16	%		1.51	%

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Share Based Compensation (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2020

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Summary of Share Based Compensation Expense

The following table summarizes share-based compensation expense included in the condensed statement of operations (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended July 31,				Nine Months Ended July 31,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Research and development	$	79	$	241	$	233	$	822
General and administrative		176		223		475		743
Total	$	255	$	464	$	708	$	1,565

Summary of RSU Activity and Related Information

A summary of the Company’s RSU activity and related information for the nine months ended July 31, 2020 is as follows:

	Number of RSUs			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Balance at October 31, 2019		14,706		$	47.62
Vested		(8,608	)		59.61
Cancelled		(280	)		98.80
Balance at July 31, 2020		5,818		$	27.40

Summary of Changes in Stock Option Plan

A summary of changes in the stock option plan for the nine months ended July 31, 2020 is as follows:

	Number of Options			Weighted-Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at October 31, 2019:		560,490		$	71.56
Granted		450,000			0.66
Canceled or expired		(95,913	)		58.21
Outstanding at July 31, 2020		914,577			38.08
Vested and Exercisable at July 31, 2020		266,380		$	125.14

Summary of Fair Value of Stock Options Granted of BSM

In determining the fair value of the stock options granted during the nine months ended July 31, 2020, the Company used the following inputs in its Black Scholes Merton model:

	Nine Months Ended July 31, 2020
Expected Term		5.50-6.50 years
Expected Volatility		100.27-105.21	%
Expected Dividends		0	%
Risk Free Interest Rate		0.36-0.52	%

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Leases (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2020

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of Supplemental Balance Sheet Related to Leases

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases as of July 31, 2020 was as follows (in thousands):

Operating Leases:
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	5,030
Operating lease liability	$	926
Operating lease liability, net of current portion		5,304
Total operating lease liabilities	$	6,230

Schedule of Lease Expenses

Supplemental lease expense related to leases was as follows (in thousands):

Lease Cost (in thousands)	Statements of Operations Classification	For the Three Months Ended July 31, 2020		For the Nine Months Ended July 31, 2020
Operating lease cost	General and administrative		290		869
Short-term lease cost	General and administrative		83		249
Variable lease cost	General and administrative	$	108	$	282
Total lease expense		$	481	$	1,400

Schedule of Other Information Related to Leases

Other information related to leases where the Company is the lessee is as follows:

	For the Nine Months Ended July 31, 2020
Weighted-average remaining lease term		5.3 years
Weighted-average discount rate		6.5	%

Schedule of Cash Flow Information Related to Leases

Supplemental cash flow information related to operating leases was as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended July 31, 2020		For the Nine Months Ended July 31, 2020
Cash paid for operating lease liabilities	$	311	$	922

Schedule of Future Minimum Lease Payments Under Non-Cancellable Leases

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable leases as of July 31, 2020 were as follows:

Fiscal Year ending October 31,
2020 (Remaining)	$	311
2021		1,318
2022		1,369
2023		1,395
2024		1,419
Thereafter		1,564
Total minimum lease payments		7,376
Less: Imputed interest		(1,146	)
Total	$	6,230

Schedule of Future Minimum Payments Under Operating Lease

Under ASC 840, future minimum payments under the Company’s operating lease were as follows (in thousands):

Fiscal Year ending October 31,
2020	$	1,233
2021		1,318
2022		1,369
2023		1,395
2024		1,419
Thereafter		1,564
Total	$	8,298

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Stockholders' Equity (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2020

Equity [Abstract]

Summary of Stockholders Equity

A summary of the changes in stockholders’ equity for the three and nine months ended July 31, 2020 and 2019 is presented below (in thousands, except share data):

	Preferred Stock				Common Stock				Additional Paid-In			Accumulated			Total Shareholders’
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Capital			Deficit			Equity
Balance at November 1, 2018		-	$	-		4,634,189	$	5	$	391,703		$	(367,657	)	$	24,051
Stock based compensation		-		-		9,811		-		622			-			622
Tax withholdings paid on equity awards		-		-		-		-		(11	)		-			(11	)
Tax shares sold to pay for tax withholdings on equity awards		-		-		-		-		11			-			11
Issuance of shares to employees under ESPP Plan		-		-		2,007		-		9			-			9
ESPP Expense		-		-		-		-		1						1
Net Income		-		-		-				-			12,817			12,817
Balance at January 31, 2019		-	$	-		4,646,007	$	5	$	392,335		$	(354,840	)	$	37,500
Stock based compensation		-		-		693		-		479			-			479
Tax withholdings paid on equity awards		-		-		-		-		(3	)		-			(3	)
Tax shares sold to pay for tax withholdings on equity awards		-		-		-		-		3			-			3
Issuance of shares to employees under ESPP Plan		-		-		1,505		-		7			-			7
Warrant exercises		-		-		15,300		-		68			-			68
Warrant liability reclassified into equity		-		-		-		-		53			-			53
ESPP Expense		-		-		-		-		1						1
Shares issued in settlement of warrants		-		-		856,865		1		5,462			-			5,463
Advaxis public offerings, net of offering costs		-		-		2,500,000		2		8,980			-			8,982
Net Loss		-		-		-		-		-			(9,383	)		(9,383	)
Balance at April 30, 2019		-	$	-		8,020,370	$	8	$	407,385		$	(364,223	)	$	43,170
Stock based compensation						408		-		464			-			464
Tax withholdings paid on equity awards		-		-		-		-		1			-			(1	)
Tax shares sold to pay for tax withholdings on equity awards		-		-		-		-		(1	)		-			1
Issuance of shares to employees under ESPP Plan		-		-		1,073		-		3			-			3
Shares issued in settlement of warrants		-		-		577,000		1		-			-			1
Advaxis public offerings, net of offering costs		-		-		10,650,000		11		15,478			-			15,489
Net Loss		-		-		-		-		-			(9,858	)		(9,858	)
Balance at July 31, 2019		-	$	-		19,248,851	$	20	$	423,330		$	(374,081	)	$	49,269

	Preferred Stock				Common Stock				Additional Paid-In			Accumulated			Total Shareholders’
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Capital			Deficit			Equity
Balance at November 1, 2019		-	$	-		50,201,671	$	50	$	423,750		$	(384,269	)	$	39,531
Stock based compensation		-		-		2,957		-		242			-			242
Advaxis public offerings, net of offering costs		-		-		10,000,000		10		9,618			-			9,628
Warrant exercises		-		-		26,416		-		2			-			2
Issuance of shares to employees under ESPP Plan		-		-		5,555		-		2			-			2
Net Income		-		-		-		-		-			(7,857	)		(7,857	)
Balance at January 31, 2020		-	$	-		60,236,599	$	60	$	433,614		$	(392,126	)	$	41,548
Stock based compensation		-		-		5,651		-		210			-			210
Warrant exercises		-		-		7,500		-		-			-			-
Issuance of shares to employees under ESPP Plan		-		-		2,694		-		2			-			2
Net Income		-		-		-		-		-			(6,323	)		(6,323	)
Balance at April 30, 2020		-	$	-		60,252,444	$	60	$	433,826		$	(398,449	)	$	35,437
Stock based compensation		-		-		-		-		255			-			255
Tax withholdings paid on equity awards		-		-		-		-		(1	)		-			(1	)
Tax shares sold to pay for tax withholdings on equity awards		-		-		-		-		1			-			1
Issuance of shares to employees under ESPP Plan		-		-		2,899		-		2			-			2
At-the-market shares issued, net of offering costs		-		-		1,375,337		1		956			-			957
Commitment fee shares issued for equity line		-		-		1,084,266		1		643			-			644
Net Income		-		-		-		-		-			(5,829	)		(5,829	)
Balance at July 31, 2020		-	$	-		62,714,946	$	62	$	435,682		$	(404,278	)	$	31,466

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Fair Value (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Jul. 31, 2020

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis

The following table provides the assets and liabilities carried at fair value measured on a recurring basis as of July 31, 2020 and October 31, 2019 (in thousands):

July 31, 2020	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Common stock warrant liability, warrants exercisable at $0.372 through September 2024		-		-	$	33	$	33

October 31, 2019	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Common stock warrant liability, warrants exercisable at $0.372 through September 2024		-		-	$	19	$	19

Schedule of Changes in Fair Value of Warrant Liabilities

The following table sets forth a summary of the changes in the fair value of the Company’s warrant liabilities:

	For the Nine Months Ended July 31, 2020
Beginning balance	$	19
Warrant exercises		(2	)
Change in fair value		16
Ending Balance	$	33

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Nature of Operations (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended			3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		91 Months Ended
	May 31, 2020	Jan. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2020	Oct. 31, 2019
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Proceeds from public offering	$ 40,000	$ 9,600	$ 15,500	$ 1,085		$ 13,600	$ 17,000	$ 305,800
Cash and cash equivalents				23,846		23,846		$ 23,846	$ 32,363
Operating expenses				$ 5,842	$ 10,136	$ 20,302	$ 28,569

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Basis of Presentation (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2020	Nov. 02, 2019	Oct. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2019
Exercise price	$ 0
Pre-funded warrants				$ 13,079,000
Operating lease liability	$ 926
Right to use asset	$ 5,030
ASC 842 [Member]
Operating lease liability		$ 6,800
Right to use asset		5,600
Accrued rent liability, current		900
Lease incentive obligation, current		$ 300
Warrants [Member]
Number of securities included in computation of basic earnings per share	$ 327,338

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Basis of Presentation - Schedule of Anti-dilutive Securities Excluded from Diluted Net Loss Per Share (Details) - shares	9 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019
Total	5,991,283	18,723,380
Warrants [Member]
Total	5,070,888	18,301,804
Stock Options [Member]
Total	914,577	405,372
Restricted Stock Units [Member]
Total	5,818	16,204

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Property and Equipment (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Depreciation expense	$ 200	$ 300	$ 683	$ 848

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Property and Equipment - Schedule of Property and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2020	Oct. 31, 2019
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Leasehold improvements	$ 2,335	$ 2,335
Laboratory equipment	3,405	3,405
Furniture and fixtures	744	744
Computer equipment	409	409
Construction in progress	83	83
Total property and equipment	6,976	6,976
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(3,309)	(2,626)
Net property and equipment	$ 3,667	$ 4,350

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Intangible Assets (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019
Finite lived patents expirations year			The expirations of the existing patents range from 2020 to 2040
Book value patent applications, net			$ 892	$ 625
Intangible asset amortization expense			263	290
Research and Development [Member]
Book value patent applications, net	$ 300	$ 300	900	600
General and Administrative [Member]
Intangible asset amortization expense	$ 100	$ 100	$ 300	$ 300

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Intangible Assets - Summary of Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2020	Oct. 31, 2019
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Patents	$ 5,208	$ 5,833
Licenses	777	777
Software	117	117
Total intangibles	6,102	6,727
Accumulated amortization	(2,261)	(2,152)
Intangible assets	$ 3,841	$ 4,575

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Intangible Assets - Schedule of Carrying Value of Intangible Assets (Details) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
2020 (Remaining)	$ 79
2021	309
2022	309
2023	309
2024	309
Thereafter	2,526
Total	$ 3,841

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Accrued Expenses - Schedule of Accrued Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2020	Oct. 31, 2019
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Salaries and other compensation	$ 743	$ 158
Vendors	604	3,194
Professional fees	479	126
Total accrued expenses	$ 1,826	$ 3,478

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Common Stock Purchase Warrants and Warrant Liability (Details Narrative) - $ / shares	Jul. 31, 2020	May 31, 2020	Oct. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2019
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Number of warrants to purchase common stock	5,398,226		432,142
Warrant exercise price per share	$ 0.372	$ 0.79	$ 0.372	$ 1.20
Equity Warrants [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Number of warrants to purchase common stock	5,327,363		359,863
Warrants outstanding	5,398,226		432,142
Warrant Liability [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Number of warrants to purchase common stock	70,863		72,279
Warrants outstanding	5,398,226		432,142
Minimum [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrant exercise price per share	$ 0		$ 0
Minimum [Member] | Warrant Liability [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrant exercise price per share	0.372
Maximum [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Number of warrants to purchase common stock				17,142,000
Warrant exercise price per share	281.25		$ 281.25
Maximum [Member] | Warrant Liability [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrant exercise price per share	$ 22.50

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Common Stock Purchase Warrants and Warrant Liability - Schedule of Outstanding Warrants (Details) - $ / shares	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2020	Oct. 31, 2019	May 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Exercise Price	$ 0.372	$ 0.372	$ 0.79	$ 1.20
Number of Shares Underlying Warrants	5,398,226	432,142
Exercise Price Range One [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Exercise Price
Number of Shares Underlying Warrants	327,338	359,838
Expiration Date	Jul. 31, 2024	Jul. 31, 2024
Type of Financing	July 2019 Public Offering	July 2019 Public Offering
Exercise Price Range Two [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Exercise Price	$ 281.25	$ 281.25
Number of Shares Underlying Warrants	25	25
Type of Financing	Other Warrants	Other Warrants
Exercise Price Range Three [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Exercise Price	$ 0.372	$ 0.372
Number of Shares Underlying Warrants	70,863	72,279
Expiration Date	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024
Type of Financing	September 2018 Public Offering	September 2018 Public Offering
Exercise Price Range Four [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Exercise Price	$ 1.25
Number of Shares Underlying Warrants	5,000,000
Expiration Date	Jul. 31, 2025
Type of Financing	January 2020 Public Offering

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Common Stock Purchase Warrants and Warrant Liability - Schedule of Warrants Activity (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2020 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Common Stock Purchase Warrants And Warrant Liability
Number of Warrants, Outstanding and exercisable warrants, Beginning balance | shares	432,142
Number of Warrants, Issued | shares	5,000,000
Number of Warrants, Exercised | shares	(33,916)	[1]
Number of Warrants, Outstanding and exercisable warrants, Ending balance | shares	5,398,226
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Outstanding and exercisable warrants, Beginning | $ / shares	$ 0.08
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Issued | $ / shares	1.25
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Exercised | $ / shares	0.02	[1]
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Outstanding and exercisable warrants, Ending | $ / shares	$ 1.16
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life In Years, Outstanding and exercisable warrants, Beginning	4 years 9 months 3 days
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life In Years, Outstanding and exercisable warrants, Ending balance	4 years 10 months 25 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Beginning | $	$ 114,069
Aggregate Intrinsic Value, Ending | $	$ 204,596

[1] Includes the cashless exercise of 32,500 warrants that resulted in the issuance of 32,500 shares of common stock.

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Common Stock Purchase Warrants and Warrant Liability - Schedule of Warrants Activity (Details) (Parenthetical)	9 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2020 shares
Common Stock Purchase Warrants And Warrant Liability
Cashless warrant exercise	32,500
Number of common stock shares issued	32,500

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Common Stock Purchase Warrants and Warrant Liability - Schedule of Assumptions Used in Warrant Liability (Details)	Jul. 31, 2020 $ / shares	May 31, 2020 $ / shares	Oct. 31, 2019 $ / shares	Jul. 31, 2019 $ / shares
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrants exercise price	$ 0.372	$ 0.79	$ 0.372	$ 1.20
Warrant stock price	0
Warrant Liability [Member] | Exercise Price [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrants exercise price	0.372		0.372
Warrant Liability [Member] | Stock Price [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrant stock price	$ 0.58		$ 0.32
Warrant Liability [Member] | Expected Term [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrants, term	4 years 1 month 13 days		4 years 10 months 14 days
Warrant Liability [Member] | Volatility [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrants, measurement input	104.47		100.99
Warrant Liability [Member] | Risk Free Interest Rate [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrants, measurement input	0.16		1.51

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Share Based Compensation (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019	Oct. 31, 2019
Unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock option awards	$ 800		$ 800
Unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested remaining weighted average vesting period			1 year 4 months 13 days
Aggregate intrinsic value of non-vested RSU	0		$ 0
Stock compensation expense	$ 255	$ 464	$ 708	$ 1,565
Stock granted options to purchase			450,000
Stock option exercise price	$ 38.08		$ 38.08		$ 71.56
Aggregate intrinsic value of vested and exercisable options	$ 0		$ 0
Aggregate intrinsic value of non-vested options	42		42
Compensation cost related to outstanding stock options	$ 200	$ 300	$ 600	$ 900
Employees [Member]
Stock granted options to purchase			385,000
Directors [Member]
Stock granted options to purchase			65,000
Employees and Directors [Member]
Stock option term			10 years
Stock option vesting period			3 years
Stock option exercise price	$ 0.66		$ 0.66
2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan [Member]
Number of shares issued under employee stock purchase plan			11,148	4,585
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]
Unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock option awards	$ 100		$ 100
Unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested remaining weighted average vesting period			8 months 19 days
Aggregate intrinsic value of non-vested RSU	$ 3		$ 3
Employee Stock Awards [Member]
Share-based compensation, common stock, shares	0	408	8,608	10,947
Stock compensation expense	$ 40	$ 200	$ 100	$ 700

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Share Based Compensation - Summary of Share Based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019
Share-based compensation expense	$ 255	$ 464	$ 708	$ 1,565
Research and Development [Member]
Share-based compensation expense	79	241	233	822
General and Administrative [Member]
Share-based compensation expense	$ 176	$ 223	$ 475	$ 743

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Share Based Compensation - Summary of RSU Activity and Related Information (Details) - Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]	9 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2020 $ / shares shares
Number of RSUs, Unvested Beginning Balance | shares	14,706
Number of RSUs, Vested | shares	(8,608)
Number of RSUs, Cancelled | shares	(280)
Number of RSUs, Unvested Ending Balance | shares	5,818
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value, Unvested Beginning Balance | $ / shares	$ 47.62
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value, Vested | $ / shares	59.61
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value, Cancelled | $ / shares	98.80
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value, Unvested Ending Balance | $ / shares	$ 27.40

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Share Based Compensation - Summary of Changes in Stock Option Plan (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2020 $ / shares shares
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Number of Options, Beginning Balance | shares	560,490
Number of Options, Granted | shares	450,000
Number of Options, Cancelled or Expired | shares	(95,913)
Number of Options, Ending Balance | shares	914,577
Number of Options, Vested and Exercisable | shares	266,380
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Outstanding, Beginning | $ / shares	$ 71.56
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Granted | $ / shares	0.66
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Cancelled or Expired | $ / shares	58.21
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Outstanding, Ending | $ / shares	38.08
Weighted-Average Exercise Price, Vested and Exercisable | $ / shares	$ 125.14

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Share Based Compensation - Summary of Fair Value of Stock Options Granted of BSM (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2020
Expected Dividends	0.00%
Minimum [Member]
Expected Term	5 years 6 months
Expected Volatility	100.27%
Risk Free Interest Rate	0.36%
Maximum [Member]
Expected Term	6 years 6 months
Expected Volatility	105.21%
Risk Free Interest Rate	0.52%

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Collaboration and Licensing Agreements (Details Narrative) - USD ($)		3 Months Ended			9 Months Ended
	Sep. 04, 2018	Jul. 31, 2020	Apr. 30, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019
Revenue				$ 6,000	$ 253,000	$ 20,883,000
OS Therapies [Member]
Deferred revenue		50,000			50,000
OS Therapies [Member] | Within Five Business Days [Member]
Funding milestone payment	$ 2,337,500
Non-refundable and non-creditable payment	1,550,000
Upfront fees, amount	1,550,000
OS Therapies [Member] | Creditable [Member]
Funding milestone payment	25,000
Non-refundable and non-creditable payment	1,550,000
OS Therapies [Member] | Within 60-Day Notice [Member]
Funding milestone payment	$ 25,000
Development, License and Supply Agreement [Member] | OS Therapies [Member]
Revenue			$ 25,000
Funding milestone payment			$ 2,337,500
Aratana Agreement [Member] | Royalty [Member]
Revenue		$ 0		$ 6,000	3,000	8,000
Exclusive Licensing Agreement [Member] | License [Member]
Revenue					$ 300,000	$ 300,000

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details Narrative) - Especificos Stendhal SA de CV [Member] $ in Thousands	Sep. 19, 2018 USD ($)
Damages sought value by plaintiff	$ 3,000
Litigation expense	300
Due from related party	$ 3,000

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Leases (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2020	Oct. 31, 2019	Oct. 31, 2018
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease expiration	Nov. 30, 2025
Security deposit	$ 182
Rent expense		$ 1,200	$ 1,200

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Leases - Schedule of Supplemental Balance Sheet Related to Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2020	Oct. 31, 2019
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$ 5,030
Operating lease liability	926
Operating lease liability, net of current portion	5,304
Total operating lease liabilities	$ 6,230

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Leases - Schedule of Lease Expenses (Details) - General and Administrative [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2020
Operating lease cost	$ 290	$ 869
Short-term lease cost	83	249
Variable lease cost	108	282
Total lease expense	$ 481	$ 1,400

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Leases - Schedule of Other Information Related to Leases (Details)	Jul. 31, 2020
Leases [Abstract]
Weighted-average remaining lease term	5 years 3 months 19 days
Weighted-average discount rate	6.50%

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Leases - Schedule of Cash Flow Information Related to Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2020
Leases [Abstract]
Cash paid for operating lease liabilities	$ 311	$ 922

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Leases - Schedule of Future Minimum Lease Payments Under Non-Cancellable Leases (Details) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]
2020 (Remaining)	$ 311
2021	1,318
2022	1,369
2023	1,395
2024	1,419
Thereafter	1,564
Total minimum lease payments	7,376
Less: Imputed interest	(1,146)
Total	$ 6,230

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Leases - Schedule of Future Minimum Payments Under Operating Lease (Details) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]
2020	$ 1,233
2021	1,318
2022	1,369
2023	1,395
2024	1,419
Thereafter	1,564
Total	$ 8,298

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Stockholders' Equity (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands			1 Months Ended				3 Months Ended				9 Months Ended		91 Months Ended
	Jul. 30, 2020	Mar. 29, 2019	May 31, 2020	Jan. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019	Apr. 30, 2019	Jul. 31, 2020	Jan. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019	Apr. 30, 2019	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2020	May 04, 2020	Apr. 30, 2020	Oct. 31, 2019	Feb. 21, 2019
Common stock, shares authorized							170,000,000				170,000,000		170,000,000			170,000,000	95,000,000
Reverse stock split, description		1 for 15 reverse stock split.
Proceeds from sale of common shares							$ 1,375,337
Pre-funded warrants to purchase common shares					13,656,000				13,656,000			13,656,000
Number of warrants to purchase common stock							5,398,226				5,398,226		5,398,226			432,142
Warrant exercise price per share			$ 0.79		$ 1.20		$ 0.372		$ 1.20		$ 0.372	$ 1.20	$ 0.372			$ 0.372
Net proceeds from offering			$ 40,000	$ 9,600	$ 15,500		$ 1,085				$ 13,600	$ 17,000	$ 305,800
Warrant description												Each share of common stock or pre-funded warrant was sold together in a fixed combination with a warrant to purchase 0.75 shares of common stock. The pre-funded warrants are exercisable immediately, do not expire and have an exercise price of $0.001 per share. The warrants are exercisable immediately, expire five years from the date of issuance, have an exercise price of $2.80 per share and are subject to anti-dilution and other adjustments for certain stock splits, stock dividends, or recapitalizations. The warrants also provide that if during the period of time between the date that is the earlier of (i) 30 days after issuance and (ii) if the common stock trades an aggregate of more than 35,000,000 shares after the pricing of the offering, and ending 15 months after issuance, the weighted-average price of common stock immediately prior to the exercise date is lower than the then-applicable exercise price per share, each Common Warrant may be exercised, at the option of the holder, on a cashless basis for one share of Common Stock. After deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses, the net proceeds from the offering were approximately $15.5 million.
Number of common stock shares											32,500
Number of common stock values								$ 9,628	$ 15,489	$ 8,982
Purchase Agreement [Member] | Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC [Member]
Common stock, shares authorized	20,000,000
Share price per share	$ 0.10
Net proceeds from offering	$ 1,000
Number of common stock shares	1,084,266
Number of common stock values	$ 600
Agreement description	Over the 36-month term of the Purchase Agreement, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, from time to time, to sell to Lincoln Park up to an aggregate amount of $20,000,000 of shares of common stock, in its sole discretion and subject to certain conditions, including that the closing price of its common stock is not below $0.10 per share, to direct Lincoln Park to purchase up to 1,000,000 shares (the "Regular Purchase Share Limit") of its Common Stock (each such purchase, a "Regular Purchase"). Lincoln Park's maximum obligation under any single Regular Purchase will not exceed $1,000,000, unless the parties mutually agree to increase the maximum amount of such Regular Purchase. The purchase price for shares of Common Stock to be purchased by Lincoln Park under a Regular Purchase will be the equal to the lower of (in each case, subject to the adjustments described in the Purchase Agreement): (i) the lowest sale price for the Company's common stock on the applicable purchase date, and (ii) the arithmetic average of the three lowest sale prices for the Company's common stock during the ten trading days prior to the purchase date.
Pre-funded Warrants [Member]
Number of warrants to purchase common stock					1				1			1
Warrant exercise price per share					$ 0.75				$ 0.75			$ 0.75
ATM Program [Member]
Net proceeds from offering			957
Proceeds from commission			$ 35
Maximum [Member]
Number of warrants to purchase common stock					17,142,000				17,142,000			17,142,000
Warrant exercise price per share							$ 281.25				$ 281.25		$ 281.25			281.25
Maximum [Member] | Purchase Agreement [Member] | Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC [Member]
Number of warrants to purchase common stock	1,000,000
Maximum [Member] | 2015 Incentive Plan [Member]
Common stock, shares authorized														6,000,000
Minimum [Member]
Warrant exercise price per share							$ 0				$ 0		$ 0			$ 0
Minimum [Member] | 2015 Incentive Plan [Member]
Common stock, shares authorized														877,744
Public Offering [Member]
Number of common stock shares sold				10,000,000		2,500,000
Share price per share						$ 4.00				$ 4.00					$ 1.05
Proceeds from sale of common shares				$ 10,500		$ 9,000
Pre-funded warrants to purchase common shares					10,650,000				10,650,000			10,650,000
Private Placement [Member]
Number of warrants to purchase common stock															5,000,000
Warrant exercise price per share															$ 1.25

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Stockholders' Equity - Summary of Stockholders Equity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended						9 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2020	Apr. 30, 2020	Jan. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019	Apr. 30, 2019	Jan. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2020	Jul. 31, 2019
Beginning balance	$ 35,437	$ 41,548	$ 39,531	$ 43,170	$ 37,500	$ 24,051	$ 39,531	$ 24,051
Stock based compensation	255	210	242	464	479	622
Tax withholdings paid on equity awards	(1)			(1)	(3)	(11)
Tax shares sold to pay for tax withholdings on equity awards	1			1	3	11
Issuance of shares to employees under ESPP Plan	2	2	2	3	7	9
ESPP Expense					1	1
Advaxis public offerings, net of offering costs			9,628	15,489	8,982
Advaxis public offerings, net of offering costs, shares							32,500
Warrant exercises			2		68
Warrant liability reclassified into equity					53		$ 2	53
Shares issued in settlement of warrants				1	5,463
At-the-market shares issued	957
Commitment fee shares issued for equity line	644						644
Net Income	(5,829)	(6,323)	(7,857)	(9,858)	(9,383)	12,817	(20,009)	(6,424)
Ending balance	31,466	35,437	41,548	49,269	43,170	37,500	31,466	49,269
Preferred Stock [Member]
Beginning balance
Beginning balance, shares
Stock based compensation
Stock based compensation, shares
Tax withholdings paid on equity awards
Tax shares sold to pay for tax withholdings on equity awards
Issuance of shares to employees under ESPP Plan
Issuance of shares to employees under ESPP Plan, shares
ESPP Expense
Advaxis public offerings, net of offering costs
Advaxis public offerings, net of offering costs, shares
Warrant exercises
Warrant exercises, shares
Warrant liability reclassified into equity
Shares issued in settlement of warrants
Shares issued in settlement of warrants, shares
At-the-market shares issued
At-the-market shares issued, shares
Commitment fee shares issued for equity line
Commitment fee shares issued for equity line, shares
Net Income
Ending balance
Ending balance, shares
Common Stock [Member]
Beginning balance	$ 60	$ 60	$ 50	$ 8	$ 5	$ 5	$ 50	$ 5
Beginning balance, shares	60,252,444	60,236,599	50,201,671	8,020,370	4,646,007	4,634,189	50,201,671	4,634,189
Stock based compensation
Stock based compensation, shares		5,651	2,957	408	693	9,811
Tax withholdings paid on equity awards
Tax shares sold to pay for tax withholdings on equity awards
Issuance of shares to employees under ESPP Plan
Issuance of shares to employees under ESPP Plan, shares	2,899	2,694	5,555	1,073	1,505	2,007
ESPP Expense
Advaxis public offerings, net of offering costs			$ 10	$ 11	$ 2
Advaxis public offerings, net of offering costs, shares			10,000,000	10,650,000	2,500,000
Warrant exercises
Warrant exercises, shares		7,500	26,416		15,300
Warrant liability reclassified into equity
Shares issued in settlement of warrants				$ 1	$ 1
Shares issued in settlement of warrants, shares				577,000	856,865
At-the-market shares issued	$ 1
At-the-market shares issued, shares	1,375,337
Commitment fee shares issued for equity line	$ 1
Commitment fee shares issued for equity line, shares	1,084,266
Net Income
Ending balance	$ 62	$ 60	$ 60	$ 20	$ 8	$ 5	$ 62	$ 20
Ending balance, shares	62,714,946	60,252,444	60,236,599	19,248,851	8,020,370	4,646,007	62,714,946	19,248,851
Additional Paid-In Capital [Member]
Beginning balance	$ 433,826	$ 433,614	$ 423,750	$ 407,385	$ 392,335	$ 391,703	$ 423,750	$ 391,703
Stock based compensation	255	210	242	464	479	622
Tax withholdings paid on equity awards	(1)			1	(3)	(11)
Tax shares sold to pay for tax withholdings on equity awards	1			(1)	3	11
Issuance of shares to employees under ESPP Plan	2	2	2	3	7	9
ESPP Expense					1	1
Advaxis public offerings, net of offering costs			9,618	15,478	8,980
Warrant exercises			2		68
Warrant liability reclassified into equity					53
Shares issued in settlement of warrants					5,462
At-the-market shares issued	956
Commitment fee shares issued for equity line	643
Net Income
Ending balance	435,682	433,826	433,614	423,330	407,385	392,335	435,682	423,330
Accumulated Deficit [Member]
Beginning balance	(398,449)	(392,126)	(384,269)	(364,223)	(354,840)	(367,657)	(384,269)	(367,657)
Stock based compensation
Tax withholdings paid on equity awards
Tax shares sold to pay for tax withholdings on equity awards
Issuance of shares to employees under ESPP Plan
ESPP Expense
Advaxis public offerings, net of offering costs
Warrant exercises
Warrant liability reclassified into equity
Shares issued in settlement of warrants
At-the-market shares issued
Commitment fee shares issued for equity line
Net Income	(5,829)	(6,323)	(7,857)	(9,858)	(9,383)	12,817
Ending balance	$ (404,278)	$ (398,449)	$ (392,126)	$ (374,081)	$ (364,223)	$ (354,840)	$ (404,278)	$ (374,081)

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Fair Value - Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jul. 31, 2020	Oct. 31, 2019
Common stock warrant liability, warrants exercisable	$ 33	$ 19
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Common stock warrant liability, warrants exercisable
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Common stock warrant liability, warrants exercisable
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Common stock warrant liability, warrants exercisable	$ 33	$ 19

XML

Fair Value - Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis (Details) (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Jul. 31, 2020	May 31, 2020	Oct. 31, 2019	Jul. 31, 2019
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Warrant exercise price per share	$ 0.372	$ 0.79	$ 0.372	$ 1.20

XML

Fair Value - Schedule of Changes in Fair Value of Warrant Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended			9 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2020	Jan. 31, 2020	Apr. 30, 2019	Jul. 31, 2020
Beginning balance		$ 19		$ 19
Warrant exercises		2	$ 68
Ending Balance				33
Warrant Liability [Member]
Beginning balance		$ 19		19
Warrant exercises				(2)
Change in fair value				16
Ending Balance				$ 33

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Subsequent Events (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
	Aug. 03, 2020	Jul. 31, 2020
Proceeds from sale of common shares		$ 1,375,337
Subsequent Event [Member] | Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC [Member]
Number of common stock shares sold	3,510,527
Gross proceeds from attorney fees and expenses	$ 2,000
Proceeds from sale of common shares	$ 1,900