FORM 10-Q
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C.
20549
Form 10-Q
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(Mark One)
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þ
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QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
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FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED
JUNE 30, 2008
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OR
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o
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
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FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD
FROM TO
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Commission file number:
001-15787
MetLife, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as
specified in its charter)
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Delaware
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13-4075851
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(State or other jurisdiction
of
incorporation or organization)
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(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
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200 Park Avenue, New York, NY
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10166-0188
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(Address of principal executive
offices)
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(Zip Code)
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(212) 578-2211
(Registrant’s telephone
number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has
filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or
15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the
preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has
been subject to such filing requirements for the past
90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large
accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated
filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of
“large accelerated filer,” “accelerated
filer” and “smaller reporting company” in
Rule 12b-2
of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
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Large accelerated
filer þ
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Accelerated
filer o
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Non-accelerated
filer o (Do
not check if a smaller reporting company)
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Smaller reporting
company o
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company
(as defined in
Rule 12b-2
of the Exchange
Act). Yes o No þ
At July 30, 2008, 709,778,752 shares of the
registrant’s common stock, $0.01 par value per share,
were outstanding.
Note
Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q,
including the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations, contains
statements which constitute forward-looking statements within
the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of
1995, including statements relating to trends in the operations
and financial results and the business and the products of
MetLife, Inc. and its subsidiaries, as well as other statements
including words such as “anticipate,”
“believe,” “plan,” “estimate,”
“expect,” “intend” and other similar
expressions. Forward-looking statements are made based upon
management’s current expectations and beliefs concerning
future developments and their potential effects on MetLife, Inc.
and its subsidiaries. Such forward-looking statements are not
guarantees of future performance. See “Management’s
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations.”
3
Part I —
Financial Information
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Item 1.
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Financial
Statements
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MetLife,
Inc.
Interim Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
June 30, 2008 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2007
(In millions, except share and per share data)
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June 30,
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December 31,
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2008
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2007
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Assets
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Investments:
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Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale, at estimated fair
value (amortized cost: $244,766 and $238,761, respectively)
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$
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241,191
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$
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242,242
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Equity securities available-for-sale, at estimated fair value
(cost: $5,802 and $5,891, respectively)
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5,420
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6,050
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Trading securities, at estimated fair value (cost: $914 and
$768, respectively)
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883
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779
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Mortgage and consumer loans
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48,999
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47,030
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Policy loans
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10,764
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10,419
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Real estate and real estate joint ventures held-for-investment
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7,294
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6,735
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Real estate held-for-sale
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34
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34
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Other limited partnership interests
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6,707
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6,155
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Short-term investments
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1,980
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2,648
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Other invested assets
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13,335
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12,642
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Total investments
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336,607
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334,734
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Cash and cash equivalents
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13,815
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10,368
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Accrued investment income
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3,320
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3,630
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Premiums and other receivables
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15,402
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14,607
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Deferred policy acquisition costs and value of business acquired
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22,917
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21,521
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Current income tax recoverable
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590
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303
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Goodwill
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5,161
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4,910
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Other assets
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8,274
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8,330
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Separate account assets
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149,701
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160,159
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Total assets
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$
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555,787
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$
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558,562
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Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
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Liabilities
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Future policy benefits
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$
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134,123
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$
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132,262
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Policyholder account balances
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144,238
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137,349
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Other policyholder funds
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10,740
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10,176
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Policyholder dividends payable
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1,037
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994
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Policyholder dividend obligation
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—
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789
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Short-term debt
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623
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667
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Long-term debt
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9,694
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9,628
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Collateral financing arrangements
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5,847
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5,732
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Junior subordinated debt securities
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5,224
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4,474
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Shares subject to mandatory redemption
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159
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159
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Deferred income tax liability
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1,017
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2,457
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Payables for collateral under securities loaned and other
transactions
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45,979
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44,136
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Other liabilities
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14,864
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14,401
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Separate account liabilities
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149,701
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160,159
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Total liabilities
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523,246
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523,383
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Contingencies, Commitments and Guarantees (Note 8)
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Stockholders’ Equity
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Preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share;
200,000,000 shares authorized; 84,000,000 shares
issued and outstanding; $2,100 aggregate liquidation preference
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1
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1
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Common stock, par value $0.01 per share;
3,000,000,000 shares authorized; 786,766,664 shares
issued; 709,749,252 shares and 729,223,440 shares
outstanding at June 30, 2008
and December 31, 2007, respectively
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8
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8
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Additional paid-in capital
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17,647
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17,098
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Retained earnings
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21,441
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19,884
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Treasury stock, at cost; 77,017,412 shares and
57,543,224 shares at June 30, 2008 and
December 31, 2007, respectively
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(4,047
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)
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(2,890
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)
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Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
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(2,509
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)
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1,078
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Total stockholders’ equity
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32,541
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35,179
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Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
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$
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555,787
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$
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558,562
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See accompanying notes to interim condensed consolidated
financial statements.
4
MetLife,
Inc.
Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income
For the Three Months and Six Months Ended June 30, 2008 and
2007 (Unaudited)
(In millions, except per share data)
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Three Months Ended
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Six Months Ended
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June 30,
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June 30,
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2008
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2007
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2008
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2007
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Revenues
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Premiums
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$
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7,701
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$
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6,903
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$
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15,294
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$
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13,668
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Universal life and investment-type product policy fees
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|
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1,421
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1,307
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|
2,838
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|
|
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2,587
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Net investment income
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|
4,584
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4,835
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9,091
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|
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9,355
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Other revenues
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|
371
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|
|
|
411
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|
|
|
766
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|
|
795
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|
Net investment gains (losses)
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|
(362
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)
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|
|
(239
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)
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(1,248
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)
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|
|
(277
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)
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Total revenues
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|
13,715
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|
|
|
13,217
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|
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26,741
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|
|
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26,128
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Expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
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Policyholder benefits and claims
|
|
|
7,715
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|
|
|
6,855
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|
|
|
15,458
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|
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|
13,628
|
|
Interest credited to policyholder account balances
|
|
|
1,265
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|
|
1,465
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|
|
|
2,576
|
|
|
|
2,841
|
|
Policyholder dividends
|
|
|
446
|
|
|
|
432
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|
|
|
876
|
|
|
|
856
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Other expenses
|
|
|
2,963
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|
|
|
2,834
|
|
|
|
5,639
|
|
|
|
5,730
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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Total expenses
|
|
|
12,389
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|
|
|
11,586
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|
24,549
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|
|
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23,055
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Income from continuing operations before provision for income tax
|
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1,326
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|
|
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1,631
|
|
|
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2,192
|
|
|
|
3,073
|
|
Provision for income tax
|
|
|
381
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|
|
|
476
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|
|
|
598
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|
|
|
892
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Income from continuing operations
|
|
|
945
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|
|
|
1,155
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1,594
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|
|
2,181
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Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income tax
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|
1
|
|
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|
8
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|
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—
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(1
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)
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|
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Net income
|
|
|
946
|
|
|
|
1,163
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|
|
|
1,594
|
|
|
|
2,180
|
|
Preferred stock dividends
|
|
|
31
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|
|
|
34
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|
|
|
64
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|
|
|
68
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|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Net income available to common shareholders
|
|
$
|
915
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|
|
$
|
1,129
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$
|
1,530
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|
|
$
|
2,112
|
|
|
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|
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Income from continuing operations available to common
shareholders per common share
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
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Basic
|
|
$
|
1.28
|
|
|
$
|
1.51
|
|
|
$
|
2.14
|
|
|
$
|
2.82
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|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
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Diluted
|
|
$
|
1.26
|
|
|
$
|
1.47
|
|
|
$
|
2.10
|
|
|
$
|
2.76
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Net income available to common shareholders per common share
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Basic
|
|
$
|
1.28
|
|
|
$
|
1.52
|
|
|
$
|
2.14
|
|
|
$
|
2.82
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
$
|
1.26
|
|
|
$
|
1.48
|
|
|
$
|
2.10
|
|
|
$
|
2.76
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to interim condensed consolidated
financial statements.
5
MetLife,
Inc.
Interim Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’
Equity
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2008 (Unaudited)
(In millions)
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
|
|
|
Foreign
|
|
|
Defined
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additional
|
|
|
|
|
|
Treasury
|
|
|
Unrealized
|
|
|
Currency
|
|
|
Benefit
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Preferred
|
|
|
Common
|
|
|
Paid-in
|
|
|
Retained
|
|
|
Stock
|
|
|
Investment
|
|
|
Translation
|
|
|
Plans
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stock
|
|
|
Stock
|
|
|
Capital
|
|
|
Earnings
|
|
|
at Cost
|
|
|
Gains (Losses)
|
|
|
Adjustments
|
|
|
Adjustment
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2007
|
|
$
|
1
|
|
|
$
|
8
|
|
|
$
|
17,098
|
|
|
$
|
19,884
|
|
|
$
|
(2,890
|
)
|
|
$
|
971
|
|
|
$
|
347
|
|
|
$
|
(240
|
)
|
|
$
|
35,179
|
|
Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principles, net of
income tax (Note 1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
27
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(10
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
17
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at January 1, 2008
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
17,098
|
|
|
|
19,911
|
|
|
|
(2,890
|
)
|
|
|
961
|
|
|
|
347
|
|
|
|
(240
|
)
|
|
|
35,196
|
|
Treasury stock transactions, net
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
408
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,157
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(749
|
)
|
Deferral of stock-based compensation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
141
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
141
|
|
Dividends on preferred stock
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(64
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(64
|
)
|
Comprehensive income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,594
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,594
|
|
Other comprehensive income (loss):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net of
income tax
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(33
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(33
|
)
|
Unrealized investment gains (losses), net of related offsets and
income tax
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(3,624
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(3,624
|
)
|
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of income tax
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
80
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
80
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other comprehensive income (loss)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(3,577
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Comprehensive income (loss)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,983
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at June 30, 2008
|
|
$
|
1
|
|
|
$
|
8
|
|
|
$
|
17,647
|
|
|
$
|
21,441
|
|
|
$
|
(4,047
|
)
|
|
$
|
(2,696
|
)
|
|
$
|
427
|
|
|
$
|
(240
|
)
|
|
$
|
32,541
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to interim condensed consolidated
financial statements.
6
MetLife,
Inc.
Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2008 and 2007
(Unaudited)
(In millions)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Six Months Ended June 30,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
Net cash provided by operating activities
|
|
$
|
5,475
|
|
|
$
|
4,141
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flows from investing activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sales, maturities and repayments of:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed maturity securities
|
|
|
46,828
|
|
|
|
59,923
|
|
Equity securities
|
|
|
786
|
|
|
|
926
|
|
Mortgage and consumer loans
|
|
|
3,066
|
|
|
|
5,134
|
|
Real estate and real estate joint ventures
|
|
|
119
|
|
|
|
385
|
|
Other limited partnership interests
|
|
|
380
|
|
|
|
740
|
|
Purchases of:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed maturity securities
|
|
|
(52,188
|
)
|
|
|
(71,736
|
)
|
Equity securities
|
|
|
(705
|
)
|
|
|
(1,761
|
)
|
Mortgage and consumer loans
|
|
|
(5,205
|
)
|
|
|
(6,533
|
)
|
Real estate and real estate joint ventures
|
|
|
(622
|
)
|
|
|
(1,226
|
)
|
Other limited partnership interests
|
|
|
(880
|
)
|
|
|
(875
|
)
|
Net change in short-term investments
|
|
|
684
|
|
|
|
(78
|
)
|
Purchases of businesses, net of cash received of $44 and $13,
respectively
|
|
|
(350
|
)
|
|
|
(43
|
)
|
Proceeds (payments) from sales of businesses, net of cash
disposed of $0 and $14, respectively
|
|
|
(4
|
)
|
|
|
44
|
|
Net change in other invested assets
|
|
|
(1,013
|
)
|
|
|
494
|
|
Net change in policy loans
|
|
|
(345
|
)
|
|
|
(22
|
)
|
Other, net
|
|
|
(74
|
)
|
|
|
(84
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash used in investing activities
|
|
|
(9,523
|
)
|
|
|
(14,712
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flows from financing activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Policyholder account balances:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deposits
|
|
|
29,146
|
|
|
|
29,133
|
|
Withdrawals
|
|
|
(23,082
|
)
|
|
|
(25,680
|
)
|
Net change in payables for collateral under securities loaned
and other transactions
|
|
|
1,843
|
|
|
|
4,744
|
|
Net change in short-term debt
|
|
|
(44
|
)
|
|
|
27
|
|
Long-term debt issued
|
|
|
117
|
|
|
|
458
|
|
Long-term debt repaid
|
|
|
(66
|
)
|
|
|
(267
|
)
|
Collateral financing arrangements issued
|
|
|
115
|
|
|
|
2,254
|
|
Junior subordinated debt securities issued
|
|
|
750
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Dividends on preferred stock
|
|
|
(64
|
)
|
|
|
(68
|
)
|
Treasury stock acquired
|
|
|
(1,250
|
)
|
|
|
(775
|
)
|
Stock options exercised
|
|
|
31
|
|
|
|
75
|
|
Debt and equity issuance costs
|
|
|
(9
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
Other, net
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
67
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by financing activities
|
|
|
7,495
|
|
|
|
9,968
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
3,447
|
|
|
|
(603
|
)
|
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
|
|
|
10,368
|
|
|
|
7,107
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
|
|
$
|
13,815
|
|
|
$
|
6,504
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash paid during the period for:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest
|
|
$
|
572
|
|
|
$
|
449
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income tax
|
|
$
|
315
|
|
|
$
|
1,447
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-cash transactions during the period:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Business acquisitions:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Assets acquired
|
|
$
|
1,411
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
Cash paid
|
|
|
(394
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities assumed
|
|
$
|
1,017
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to interim condensed consolidated
financial statements.
7
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
|
|
1.
|
Business,
Basis of Presentation, and Summary of Significant Accounting
Policies
|
Business
“MetLife” or the “Company” refers to
MetLife, Inc., a Delaware corporation incorporated in 1999 (the
“Holding Company”), and its subsidiaries, including
Metropolitan Life Insurance Company (“MLIC”). MetLife
is a leading provider of insurance and other financial services
with operations throughout the United States and the regions of
Latin America, Europe, and Asia Pacific. Through its domestic
and international subsidiaries and affiliates, MetLife offers
life insurance, annuities, automobile and homeowners insurance,
retail banking and other financial services to individuals, as
well as group insurance, reinsurance and retirement &
savings products and services to corporations and other
institutions.
Basis
of Presentation
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of
America (“GAAP”) requires management to adopt
accounting policies and make estimates and assumptions that
affect amounts reported in the unaudited interim condensed
consolidated financial statements. The most critical estimates
include those used in determining:
|
|
|
|
(i)
|
the fair value of investments in the absence of quoted market
values;
|
|
|
(ii)
|
investment impairments;
|
|
|
(iii)
|
the recognition of income on certain investment entities;
|
|
|
(iv)
|
the application of the consolidation rules to certain
investments;
|
|
|
(v)
|
the existence and fair value of embedded derivatives requiring
bifurcation;
|
|
|
(vi)
|
the fair value of and accounting for derivatives;
|
|
|
(vii)
|
the capitalization and amortization of deferred policy
acquisition costs (“DAC”) and the establishment and
amortization of value of business acquired (“VOBA”);
|
|
|
(viii)
|
the measurement of goodwill and related impairment, if any;
|
|
|
(ix)
|
the liability for future policyholder benefits;
|
|
|
(x)
|
accounting for income taxes and the valuation of deferred tax
assets;
|
|
|
(xi)
|
accounting for reinsurance transactions;
|
|
|
(xii)
|
accounting for employee benefit plans; and
|
|
|
(xiii)
|
the liability for litigation and regulatory matters.
|
In applying the Company’s accounting policies, management
makes subjective and complex judgments that frequently require
estimates about matters that are inherently uncertain. Many of
these policies, estimates and related judgments are common in
the insurance and financial services industries; others are
specific to the Company’s businesses and operations. Actual
results could differ from these estimates.
The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated
financial statements include the accounts of: (i) the
Holding Company and its subsidiaries; (ii) partnerships and
joint ventures in which the Company has control; and
(iii) variable interest entities (“VIEs”) for
which the Company is deemed to be the primary beneficiary.
Closed block assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses are
combined on a
line-by-line
basis with the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses
outside the closed block based on the nature of the particular
item. See Note 5. Intercompany accounts and transactions
have been eliminated.
8
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
The Company uses the equity method of accounting for investments
in equity securities in which it has more than a 20% interest
and for real estate joint ventures and other limited partnership
interests in which it has more than a minor equity interest or
more than a minor influence over the joint venture’s or
partnership’s operations, but does not have a controlling
interest and is not the primary beneficiary. The Company uses
the cost method of accounting for investments in real estate
joint ventures and other limited partnership interests in which
it has a minor equity investment and virtually no influence over
the joint venture’s or the partnership’s operations.
Minority interest related to consolidated entities included in
other liabilities was $1.7 billion and $1.8 billion at
June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively.
Certain amounts in the prior year period’s unaudited
interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been
reclassified to conform with the 2008 presentation. Such
reclassifications include $2.3 billion relating to
long-term
debt issued which has been reclassified to collateral financing
arrangements issued on the consolidated statement of cash flow
for the six months ended June 30, 2007. See also
Note 14 for reclassifications related to discontinued
operations.
The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated
financial statements reflect all adjustments (including normal
recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the
consolidated financial position of the Company at June 30,
2008, its consolidated results of operations for the three
months and six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, its
consolidated cash flows for the six months ended June 30,
2008 and 2007, and its consolidated statement of
stockholders’ equity for the six months ended June 30,
2008, in conformity with GAAP. Interim results are not
necessarily indicative of full year performance. The
December 31, 2007 consolidated balance sheet data was
derived from audited consolidated financial statements included
in MetLife’s Annual Report on
Form 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2007 (the “2007 Annual
Report”) filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange
Commission (“SEC”), which includes all disclosures
required by GAAP. Therefore, these interim condensed
consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction
with the consolidated financial statements of the Company
included in the 2007 Annual Report.
Adoption
of New Accounting Pronouncements
Fair
Value
In September 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board
(“FASB”) issued Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards (“SFAS”) No. 157, Fair Value
Measurements (“SFAS 157”). SFAS 157
defines fair value, establishes a consistent framework for
measuring fair value, establishes a fair value hierarchy based
on the observability of inputs used to measure fair value, and
requires enhanced disclosures about fair value measurements.
SFAS 157 defines fair value as the price that would be
received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an
exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the
asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market
participants on the measurement date. In many cases, the exit
price and the transaction (or entry) price will be the same at
initial recognition. However, in certain cases, the transaction
price may not represent fair value. Prior to SFAS 157, the
fair value of a liability was often based on a settlement price
concept, which assumed the liability was extinguished. Under
SFAS 157, fair value is based on the amount that would be
paid to transfer a liability to a third party with the same
credit standing. SFAS 157 requires that fair value be a
market-based measurement in which the fair value is determined
based on a hypothetical transaction at the measurement date,
considered from the perspective of a market participant.
Accordingly, fair value is no longer determined based solely
upon the perspective of the reporting entity. When quoted prices
are not used to determine fair value, SFAS 157 requires
consideration of three broad valuation techniques: (i) the
market approach, (ii) the income approach, and
(iii) the cost approach. The approaches are not new, but
SFAS 157 requires that entities determine the most
appropriate valuation technique to use, given what is being
measured and the availability of sufficient inputs.
SFAS 157 prioritizes the inputs to fair valuation
techniques and allows for the use of unobservable inputs to the
extent that
9
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
observable inputs are not available. The Company has categorized
its assets and liabilities into a three-level hierarchy, based
on the priority of the inputs to the respective valuation
technique. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority
to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or
liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to
unobservable inputs (Level 3). An asset or liability’s
classification within the fair value hierarchy is based on the
lowest level of significant input to its valuation.
SFAS 157 defines the input levels as follows:
|
|
|
|
Level 1
|
Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets
or liabilities.
|
|
|
Level 2
|
Quoted prices in markets that are not active or inputs that are
observable either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs
include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities other
than quoted prices in Level 1; quoted prices in markets
that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can
be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market
data for substantially the full term of the assets or
liabilities.
|
|
|
Level 3
|
Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market
activity and are significant to the fair value of the assets or
liabilities. Unobservable inputs reflect the reporting
entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market
participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.
Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial
instruments whose values are determined using pricing models,
discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as
well as instruments for which the determination of fair value
requires significant management judgment or estimation.
|
Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted
SFAS 157 and applied the provisions of the statement
prospectively to assets and liabilities measured at fair value.
The adoption of SFAS 157 changed the valuation of certain
freestanding derivatives by moving from a mid to bid pricing
convention as it relates to certain volatility inputs as well as
the addition of liquidity adjustments and adjustments for risks
inherent in a particular input or valuation technique. The
adoption of SFAS 157 also changed the valuation of the
Company’s embedded derivatives, most significantly the
valuation of embedded derivatives associated with certain riders
on variable annuity contracts. The change in valuation of
embedded derivatives associated with riders on annuity contracts
resulted from the incorporation of risk margins associated with
non capital market inputs and the inclusion of the
Company’s own credit standing in their valuation. At
January 1, 2008, the impact of adopting SFAS 157 on
assets and liabilities measured at fair value was
$30 million ($19 million, net of income tax) and was
recognized as a change in estimate in the accompanying unaudited
condensed consolidated statement of income where it was
presented in the respective income statement caption to which
the item measured at fair value is presented. There were no
significant changes in fair value of items measured at fair
value and reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income
(loss). The addition of risk margins and the Company’s own
credit spread in the valuation of embedded derivatives
associated with annuity contracts may result in significant
volatility in the Company’s consolidated net income in
future periods. Note 15 presents the fair value of all
assets and liabilities required to be measured at fair value as
well as the expanded fair value disclosures required by
SFAS 157.
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, The
Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities
(“SFAS 159”). SFAS 159 permits entities
the option to measure most financial instruments and certain
other items at fair value at specified election dates and to
recognize related unrealized gains and losses in earnings. The
fair value option is applied on an
instrument-by-instrument
basis upon adoption of the standard, upon the acquisition of an
eligible financial asset, financial liability or firm commitment
or when certain specified reconsideration events occur. The fair
value election is an irrevocable election. Effective
January 1, 2008, the Company elected the fair value option
on fixed maturity and equity securities backing certain pension
products sold in Brazil. Such securities will now be presented
as trading securities in accordance with SFAS No. 115,
Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity
Securities (“SFAS 115”) on the consolidated
balance sheet with subsequent changes in fair value recognized
in net investment income. Previously, these securities were
accounted for as available-for-sale securities in accordance
with SFAS 115 and unrealized gains and losses on these
securities were recorded as a separate component of accumulated
other comprehensive income (loss). The Company’s
10
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
insurance joint venture in Japan also elected the fair value
option for certain of its existing single premium deferred
annuities and the assets supporting such liabilities. The fair
value option was elected to achieve improved reporting of the
asset/liability matching associated with these products.
Adoption of SFAS 159 by the Company and its Japanese joint
venture resulted in an increase in retained earnings of
$27 million, net of income tax, at January 1, 2008.
The election of the fair value option resulted in the
reclassification of $10 million, net of income tax, of net
unrealized gains from accumulated other comprehensive income
(loss) to retained earnings on January 1, 2008.
Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted FASB Staff
Position (“FSP”)
No. FAS 157-1,
Application of FASB Statement No. 157 to FASB Statement
No. 13 and Other Accounting Pronouncements That Address
Fair Value Measurements for Purposes of Lease Classification or
Measurement under Statement 13
(“FSP 157-1”).
FSP 157-1
amends SFAS 157 to provide a scope out exception for lease
classification and measurement under SFAS No. 13,
Accounting for Leases. The Company also adopted FSP
No. FAS 157-2,
Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157 which
delays the effective date of SFAS 157 for certain
nonfinancial assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair
value on a nonrecurring basis. The effective date is delayed
until January 1, 2009 and impacts balance sheet items
including nonfinancial assets and liabilities in a business
combination and the impairment testing of goodwill and
long-lived assets.
Other
Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted FSP
No. FIN 39-1,
Amendment of FASB Interpretation No. 39
(“FSP 39-1”).
FSP 39-1
amends FASB Interpretation No. 39, Offsetting of Amounts
Related to Certain Contracts (“FIN 39”), to
permit a reporting entity to offset fair value amounts
recognized for the right to reclaim cash collateral (a
receivable) or the obligation to return cash collateral (a
payable) against fair value amounts recognized for derivative
instruments executed with the same counterparty under the same
master netting arrangement that have been offset in accordance
with FIN 39.
FSP 39-1
also amends FIN 39 for certain terminology modifications.
Upon adoption of
FSP 39-1,
the Company did not change its accounting policy of not
offsetting fair value amounts recognized for derivative
instruments under master netting arrangements. The adoption of
FSP 39-1
did not have an impact on the Company’s unaudited interim
condensed consolidated financial statements.
Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted SEC Staff
Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) No. 109, Written
Loan Commitments Recorded at Fair Value through Earnings
(“SAB 109”), which amends
SAB No. 105, Application of Accounting Principles
to Loan Commitments. SAB 109 provides guidance on
(i) incorporating expected net future cash flows when
related to the associated servicing of a loan when measuring
fair value; and (ii) broadening the SEC staff’s view
that internally-developed intangible assets should not be
recorded as part of the fair value of a derivative loan
commitment or to written loan commitments that are accounted for
at fair value through earnings. Internally-developed intangible
assets are not considered a component of the related
instruments. The adoption of SAB 109 did not have an impact
on the Company’s unaudited interim condensed consolidated
financial statements.
Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted
SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments
and Hedging Activities (“SFAS 133”)
Implementation Issue
E-23,
Clarification of the Application of the Shortcut Method
(“Issue E-23”).
Issue E-23
amended SFAS 133 by permitting interest rate swaps to have
a non-zero fair value at inception when applying the shortcut
method of assessing hedge effectiveness, as long as the
difference between the transaction price (zero) and the fair
value (exit price), as defined by SFAS 157, is solely
attributable to a bid-ask spread. In addition, entities are not
precluded from applying the shortcut method of assessing hedge
effectiveness in a hedging relationship of interest rate risk
involving an interest bearing asset or liability in situations
where the hedged item is not recognized for accounting purposes
until settlement date as long as the period between trade date
and settlement date of the hedged item is consistent with
generally established conventions in the marketplace. The
adoption of
Issue E-23
did not have an impact on the Company’s unaudited interim
condensed consolidated financial statements.
11
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
Future
Adoption of New Accounting Pronouncements
Business
Combinations
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141
(revised 2007), Business Combinations — A
Replacement of FASB Statement No. 141
(“SFAS 141(r)”) and SFAS No. 160,
Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial
Statements — An Amendment of ARB No. 51
(“SFAS 160”). Under SFAS 141(r) and
SFAS 160:
|
|
|
|
•
|
All business combinations (whether full, partial or
“step” acquisitions) result in all assets and
liabilities of an acquired business being recorded at fair
value, with limited exceptions.
|
|
|
•
|
Acquisition costs are generally expensed as incurred;
restructuring costs associated with a business combination are
generally expensed as incurred subsequent to the acquisition
date.
|
|
|
•
|
The fair value of the purchase price, including the issuance of
equity securities, is determined on the acquisition date.
|
|
|
•
|
Certain acquired contingent liabilities are recorded at fair
value at the acquisition date and subsequently measured at
either the higher of such amount or the amount determined under
existing guidance for non-acquired contingencies.
|
|
|
•
|
Changes in deferred tax asset valuation allowances and income
tax uncertainties after the acquisition date generally affect
income tax expense.
|
|
|
•
|
Noncontrolling interests (formerly known as “minority
interests”) are valued at fair value at the acquisition
date and are presented as equity rather than liabilities.
|
|
|
•
|
When control is attained on previously noncontrolling interests,
the previously held equity interests are remeasured at fair
value and a gain or loss is recognized.
|
|
|
•
|
Purchases or sales of equity interests that do not result in a
change in control are accounted for as equity transactions.
|
|
|
•
|
When control is lost in a partial disposition, realized gains or
losses are recorded on equity ownership sold and the remaining
ownership interest is remeasured and holding gains or losses are
recognized.
|
The pronouncements are effective for fiscal years beginning on
or after December 15, 2008 and apply prospectively to
business combinations. Presentation and disclosure requirements
related to noncontrolling interests must be retrospectively
applied. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of
SFAS 141(r) on its accounting for future acquisitions and
the impact of SFAS 160 on its consolidated financial
statements.
In April 2008, the FASB issued FSP
No. FAS 142-3,
Determination of the Useful Life of Intangible Assets
(“FSP 142-3”).
FSP 142-3
amends the factors that should be considered in developing
renewal or extension assumptions used to determine the useful
life of a recognized intangible asset under
SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
(“SFAS 142”). This change is intended to
improve the consistency between the useful life of a recognized
intangible asset under SFAS 142 and the period of expected
cash flows used to measure the fair value of the asset under
SFAS 141(r) and other GAAP.
FSP 142-3
is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years
beginning after December 15, 2008, and interim periods
within those fiscal years. The requirement for determining
useful lives must be applied prospectively to intangible assets
acquired after the effective date and the disclosure
requirements must be applied prospectively to all intangible
assets recognized as of, and subsequent to, the effective date.
Derivatives
In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161,
Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging
Activities — An Amendment of FASB Statement
No. 133 (“SFAS 161”). SFAS 161
requires enhanced qualitative disclosures about objectives and
strategies for using derivatives, quantitative disclosures about
fair value amounts of
12
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
and gains and losses on derivative instruments, and disclosures
about credit-risk-related contingent features in derivative
agreements. SFAS 161 is effective for financial statements
issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after
November 15, 2008. The Company is currently evaluating the
impact of SFAS 161 on its consolidated financial statements.
Other
In June 2008, the FASB ratified as final the consensus on
Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) Issue
No. 07-5,
Determining Whether an Instrument (or Embedded Feature) Is
Indexed to an Entity’s Own Stock
(“EITF 07-5”).
EITF 07-5
provides a framework for evaluating the terms of a particular
instrument and whether such terms qualify the instrument as
being indexed to an entity’s own stock.
EITF 07-5
is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years
beginning after December 15, 2008 and must be applied by
recording a cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balance
of retained earnings at the date of adoption. The Company is
currently evaluating the impact of
EITF 07-5
on its consolidated financial statements.
In February 2008, the FASB issued FSP
No. FAS 140-3,
Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets and Repurchase
Financing Transactions
(“FSP 140-3”).
FSP 140-3
provides guidance for evaluating whether to account for a
transfer of a financial asset and repurchase financing as a
single transaction or as two separate transactions.
FSP 140-3
is effective prospectively for financial statements issued for
fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008. The Company
is currently evaluating the impact of
FSP 140-3
on its consolidated financial statements.
In December 2007, the FASB ratified as final the consensus on
EITF Issue
No. 07-6,
Accounting for the Sale of Real Estate When the Agreement
Includes a Buy-Sell Clause
(“EITF 07-6”).
EITF 07-6
addresses whether the existence of a buy-sell arrangement would
preclude partial sales treatment when real estate is sold to a
jointly owned entity. The consensus concludes that the existence
of a buy-sell clause does not necessarily preclude partial sale
treatment under current guidance.
EITF 07-6
applies prospectively to new arrangements entered into and
assessments on existing transactions performed in fiscal years
beginning after December 15, 2008. The Company does not
expect the adoption of
EITF 07-6
to have a material impact on its consolidated financial
statements.
|
|
2.
|
Acquisitions
and Dispositions
|
During the first quarter of 2008, the Company completed
acquisitions which were accounted for using the purchase method
of accounting in the Institutional and International segments.
As a result of these acquisitions, goodwill and other intangible
assets increased by $169 million and $149 million,
respectively.
During the second quarter of 2008, MetLife Bank, N.A.
(“MetLife Bank”), included within the
Corporate & Other segment, completed an acquisition
which was accounted for using the purchase method of accounting.
As a result of this acquisition, goodwill and other intangible
assets increased by $68 million and $5 million,
respectively. In June 2008, MetLife Bank, entered into an
agreement to acquire a residential mortgage origination company.
The transaction is expected to be completed during the third
quarter of 2008.
In June 2008, the Company and Reinsurance Group of America, Inc.
(“RGA”) entered into an agreement to execute a
tax-free split-off transaction whereby shareholders of the
Company will be offered the ability to exchange their MetLife
shares for shares in RGA based upon an exchange ratio determined
at the time of the exchange offer. The transaction has the
effect of the Company exchanging substantially all of its 52%
ownership in RGA for shares of its own stock. The transaction is
subject to RGA’s shareholders approving a recapitalization,
state insurance regulatory approval as well as acceptance of the
offer by a sufficient number of MetLife shareholders. See also
Note 13.
13
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
Fixed
Maturity and Equity Securities Available-for-Sale
The following tables present the cost or amortized cost, gross
unrealized gain and loss, estimated fair value of the
Company’s fixed maturity and equity securities, and the
percentage that each sector represents by the respective total
holdings at:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, 2008
|
|
|
|
Cost or
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
Gross Unrealized
|
|
|
Estimated
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
|
Cost
|
|
|
Gain
|
|
|
Loss
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
U.S. corporate securities
|
|
$
|
79,131
|
|
|
$
|
1,126
|
|
|
$
|
4,002
|
|
|
$
|
76,255
|
|
|
|
31.6
|
%
|
Residential mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
55,551
|
|
|
|
487
|
|
|
|
1,530
|
|
|
|
54,508
|
|
|
|
22.6
|
|
Foreign corporate securities
|
|
|
37,516
|
|
|
|
1,444
|
|
|
|
1,343
|
|
|
|
37,617
|
|
|
|
15.6
|
|
U.S. Treasury/agency securities
|
|
|
19,108
|
|
|
|
1,178
|
|
|
|
106
|
|
|
|
20,180
|
|
|
|
8.4
|
|
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
19,234
|
|
|
|
73
|
|
|
|
889
|
|
|
|
18,418
|
|
|
|
7.6
|
|
Foreign government securities
|
|
|
14,075
|
|
|
|
1,693
|
|
|
|
392
|
|
|
|
15,376
|
|
|
|
6.4
|
|
Asset-backed securities
|
|
|
14,185
|
|
|
|
54
|
|
|
|
1,167
|
|
|
|
13,072
|
|
|
|
5.4
|
|
State and political subdivision securities
|
|
|
5,653
|
|
|
|
100
|
|
|
|
272
|
|
|
|
5,481
|
|
|
|
2.3
|
|
Other fixed maturity securities
|
|
|
313
|
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
|
284
|
|
|
|
0.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total fixed maturity securities
|
|
$
|
244,766
|
|
|
$
|
6,160
|
|
|
$
|
9,735
|
|
|
$
|
241,191
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common stock
|
|
$
|
2,576
|
|
|
$
|
369
|
|
|
$
|
194
|
|
|
$
|
2,751
|
|
|
|
50.8
|
%
|
Non-redeemable preferred stock
|
|
|
3,226
|
|
|
|
30
|
|
|
|
587
|
|
|
|
2,669
|
|
|
|
49.2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total equity securities
|
|
$
|
5,802
|
|
|
$
|
399
|
|
|
$
|
781
|
|
|
$
|
5,420
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
Cost or
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
Gross Unrealized
|
|
|
Estimated
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
|
Cost
|
|
|
Gain
|
|
|
Loss
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
U.S. corporate securities
|
|
$
|
77,875
|
|
|
$
|
1,725
|
|
|
$
|
2,174
|
|
|
$
|
77,426
|
|
|
|
32.0
|
%
|
Residential mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
56,267
|
|
|
|
611
|
|
|
|
389
|
|
|
|
56,489
|
|
|
|
23.3
|
|
Foreign corporate securities
|
|
|
37,359
|
|
|
|
1,740
|
|
|
|
794
|
|
|
|
38,305
|
|
|
|
15.8
|
|
U.S. Treasury/agency securities
|
|
|
19,771
|
|
|
|
1,487
|
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
|
21,245
|
|
|
|
8.8
|
|
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
17,676
|
|
|
|
251
|
|
|
|
199
|
|
|
|
17,728
|
|
|
|
7.3
|
|
Foreign government securities
|
|
|
13,535
|
|
|
|
1,924
|
|
|
|
188
|
|
|
|
15,271
|
|
|
|
6.3
|
|
Asset-backed securities
|
|
|
11,549
|
|
|
|
41
|
|
|
|
549
|
|
|
|
11,041
|
|
|
|
4.6
|
|
State and political subdivision securities
|
|
|
4,394
|
|
|
|
140
|
|
|
|
115
|
|
|
|
4,419
|
|
|
|
1.8
|
|
Other fixed maturity securities
|
|
|
335
|
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
|
30
|
|
|
|
318
|
|
|
|
0.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total fixed maturity securities
|
|
$
|
238,761
|
|
|
$
|
7,932
|
|
|
$
|
4,451
|
|
|
$
|
242,242
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common stock
|
|
$
|
2,488
|
|
|
$
|
568
|
|
|
$
|
108
|
|
|
$
|
2,948
|
|
|
|
48.7
|
%
|
Non-redeemable preferred stock
|
|
|
3,403
|
|
|
|
61
|
|
|
|
362
|
|
|
|
3,102
|
|
|
|
51.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total equity securities
|
|
$
|
5,891
|
|
|
$
|
629
|
|
|
$
|
470
|
|
|
$
|
6,050
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
14
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
The Company is not exposed to any significant concentrations of
credit risk in its equity securities portfolio. The Company is
exposed to concentrations of credit risk related to
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of
U.S. government and agencies. Additionally, at
June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company had
exposure to fixed maturity securities backed by sub-prime
mortgage loans with estimated fair values of $1.8 billion
and $2.2 billion, respectively, and unrealized losses of
$560 million and $219 million, respectively. These
securities are classified within asset-backed securities in the
immediately preceding tables. At June 30, 2008, 33% of the
asset-backed
securities backed by sub-prime mortgage loans have been
guaranteed by financial guarantee insurers, of which 11%, 38%
and 7% were guaranteed by financial guarantee insurers who were
Aaa, Aa and A rated, respectively.
Overall, at June 30, 2008, $6.5 billion of the
estimated fair value of the Company’s fixed maturity
securities were credit enhanced by financial guarantee insurers
of which $2.8 billion, $2.4 billion, $1.1 billion
and $0.2 billion, are included within state and political
subdivision securities, U.S. corporate securities,
asset-backed
securities and mortgage-backed securities, respectively, and
12%, 29% and 40% were guaranteed by financial guarantee insurers
who were Aaa, Aa and A rated, respectively.
Unrealized
Loss for Fixed Maturity and Equity Securities
Available-for-Sale
The following tables present the estimated fair value and gross
unrealized loss of the Company’s fixed maturity (aggregated
by sector) and equity securities in an unrealized loss position,
aggregated by length of time that the securities have been in a
continuous unrealized loss position at:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, 2008
|
|
|
|
Less than 12 months
|
|
|
Equal to or Greater than 12 months
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
Estimated
|
|
|
Gross
|
|
|
Estimated
|
|
|
Gross
|
|
|
Estimated
|
|
|
Gross
|
|
|
|
Fair
|
|
|
Unrealized
|
|
|
Fair
|
|
|
Unrealized
|
|
|
Fair
|
|
|
Unrealized
|
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Loss
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Loss
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Loss
|
|
|
|
(In millions, except number of securities)
|
|
|
U.S. corporate securities
|
|
$
|
36,446
|
|
|
$
|
2,018
|
|
|
$
|
16,424
|
|
|
$
|
1,984
|
|
|
$
|
52,870
|
|
|
$
|
4,002
|
|
Residential mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
26,181
|
|
|
|
1,096
|
|
|
|
4,275
|
|
|
|
434
|
|
|
|
30,456
|
|
|
|
1,530
|
|
Foreign corporate securities
|
|
|
14,554
|
|
|
|
670
|
|
|
|
6,788
|
|
|
|
673
|
|
|
|
21,342
|
|
|
|
1,343
|
|
U.S. Treasury/agency securities
|
|
|
4,607
|
|
|
|
92
|
|
|
|
180
|
|
|
|
14
|
|
|
|
4,787
|
|
|
|
106
|
|
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
10,878
|
|
|
|
455
|
|
|
|
4,248
|
|
|
|
434
|
|
|
|
15,126
|
|
|
|
889
|
|
Foreign government securities
|
|
|
5,229
|
|
|
|
334
|
|
|
|
729
|
|
|
|
58
|
|
|
|
5,958
|
|
|
|
392
|
|
Asset-backed securities
|
|
|
7,864
|
|
|
|
666
|
|
|
|
2,186
|
|
|
|
501
|
|
|
|
10,050
|
|
|
|
1,167
|
|
State and political subdivision securities
|
|
|
2,005
|
|
|
|
144
|
|
|
|
793
|
|
|
|
128
|
|
|
|
2,798
|
|
|
|
272
|
|
Other fixed maturity securities
|
|
|
77
|
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
77
|
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total fixed maturity securities
|
|
$
|
107,841
|
|
|
$
|
5,509
|
|
|
$
|
35,623
|
|
|
$
|
4,226
|
|
|
$
|
143,464
|
|
|
$
|
9,735
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity securities
|
|
$
|
2,114
|
|
|
$
|
433
|
|
|
$
|
1,223
|
|
|
$
|
348
|
|
|
$
|
3,337
|
|
|
$
|
781
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total number of securities in an unrealized loss position
|
|
|
10,942
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,398
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
15
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equal to or Greater
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less than 12 months
|
|
|
than 12 months
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
Estimated
|
|
|
Gross
|
|
|
Estimated
|
|
|
Gross
|
|
|
Estimated
|
|
|
Gross
|
|
|
|
Fair
|
|
|
Unrealized
|
|
|
Fair
|
|
|
Unrealized
|
|
|
Fair
|
|
|
Unrealized
|
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Loss
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Loss
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Loss
|
|
|
|
(In millions, except number of securities)
|
|
|
U.S. corporate securities
|
|
$
|
29,237
|
|
|
$
|
1,431
|
|
|
$
|
12,119
|
|
|
$
|
743
|
|
|
$
|
41,356
|
|
|
$
|
2,174
|
|
Residential mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
14,404
|
|
|
|
279
|
|
|
|
6,195
|
|
|
|
110
|
|
|
|
20,599
|
|
|
|
389
|
|
Foreign corporate securities
|
|
|
11,189
|
|
|
|
484
|
|
|
|
6,321
|
|
|
|
310
|
|
|
|
17,510
|
|
|
|
794
|
|
U.S. Treasury/agency securities
|
|
|
432
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
625
|
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
|
1,057
|
|
|
|
13
|
|
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
2,518
|
|
|
|
102
|
|
|
|
3,797
|
|
|
|
97
|
|
|
|
6,315
|
|
|
|
199
|
|
Foreign government securities
|
|
|
3,593
|
|
|
|
161
|
|
|
|
515
|
|
|
|
27
|
|
|
|
4,108
|
|
|
|
188
|
|
Asset-backed securities
|
|
|
7,627
|
|
|
|
442
|
|
|
|
1,271
|
|
|
|
107
|
|
|
|
8,898
|
|
|
|
549
|
|
State and political subdivision securities
|
|
|
1,334
|
|
|
|
81
|
|
|
|
476
|
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
|
1,810
|
|
|
|
115
|
|
Other fixed maturity securities
|
|
|
91
|
|
|
|
30
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
92
|
|
|
|
30
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total fixed maturity securities
|
|
$
|
70,425
|
|
|
$
|
3,013
|
|
|
$
|
31,320
|
|
|
$
|
1,438
|
|
|
$
|
101,745
|
|
|
$
|
4,451
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity securities
|
|
$
|
2,771
|
|
|
$
|
398
|
|
|
$
|
543
|
|
|
$
|
72
|
|
|
$
|
3,314
|
|
|
$
|
470
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total number of securities in an unrealized loss position
|
|
|
8,395
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,063
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aging
of Gross Unrealized Loss for Fixed Maturity and Equity
Securities Available-for-Sale
The following tables present the cost or amortized cost, gross
unrealized loss and number of securities for fixed maturity and
equity securities, where the estimated fair value had declined
and remained below cost or amortized cost by less than 20% or
20% or more at:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, 2008
|
|
|
|
Cost or Amortized Cost
|
|
|
Gross Unrealized Loss
|
|
|
Number of Securities
|
|
|
|
Less than
|
|
|
20% or
|
|
|
Less than
|
|
|
20% or
|
|
|
Less than
|
|
|
20% or
|
|
|
|
20%
|
|
|
more
|
|
|
20%
|
|
|
more
|
|
|
20%
|
|
|
more
|
|
|
|
(In millions, except number of securities)
|
|
|
Less than six months
|
|
$
|
86,859
|
|
|
$
|
10,144
|
|
|
$
|
2,748
|
|
|
$
|
2,666
|
|
|
|
8,067
|
|
|
|
1,498
|
|
Six months or greater but less than nine months
|
|
|
11,896
|
|
|
|
799
|
|
|
|
807
|
|
|
|
296
|
|
|
|
1,260
|
|
|
|
159
|
|
Nine months or greater but less than twelve months
|
|
|
11,286
|
|
|
|
141
|
|
|
|
820
|
|
|
|
66
|
|
|
|
1,188
|
|
|
|
28
|
|
Twelve months or greater
|
|
|
36,106
|
|
|
|
86
|
|
|
|
3,087
|
|
|
|
26
|
|
|
|
2,921
|
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
146,147
|
|
|
$
|
11,170
|
|
|
$
|
7,462
|
|
|
$
|
3,054
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
16
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
Cost or Amortized Cost
|
|
|
Gross Unrealized Loss
|
|
|
Number of Securities
|
|
|
|
Less than
|
|
|
20% or
|
|
|
Less than
|
|
|
20% or
|
|
|
Less than
|
|
|
20% or
|
|
|
|
20%
|
|
|
more
|
|
|
20%
|
|
|
more
|
|
|
20%
|
|
|
more
|
|
|
|
(In millions, except number of securities)
|
|
|
Less than six months
|
|
$
|
49,463
|
|
|
$
|
1,943
|
|
|
$
|
1,670
|
|
|
$
|
555
|
|
|
|
6,339
|
|
|
|
644
|
|
Six months or greater but less than nine months
|
|
|
17,353
|
|
|
|
23
|
|
|
|
844
|
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
|
1,461
|
|
|
|
31
|
|
Nine months or greater but less than twelve months
|
|
|
9,410
|
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
|
568
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
791
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
Twelve months or greater
|
|
|
31,731
|
|
|
|
50
|
|
|
|
1,262
|
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
|
3,192
|
|
|
|
32
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
107,957
|
|
|
$
|
2,023
|
|
|
$
|
4,344
|
|
|
$
|
577
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007,
$7.3 billion and $4.0 billion, respectively, of
unrealized losses related to fixed maturity securities with an
unrealized loss position of less than 20% of cost or amortized
cost, which represented 5% and 4%, respectively, of the cost or
amortized cost of such securities. At June 30, 2008 and
December 31, 2007, $182 million and $322 million,
respectively, of unrealized losses related to equity securities
with an unrealized loss position of less than 20% of cost, which
represented 9% and 10%, respectively, of the cost of such
securities.
At June 30, 2008, $2.5 billion and $599 million
of unrealized losses related to fixed maturity securities and
equity securities, respectively, with an unrealized loss
position of 20% or more of cost or amortized cost, which
represented 27% and 28% of the cost or amortized cost of such
fixed maturity securities and equity securities, respectively.
Of such unrealized losses of $2.5 billion and
$599 million, $2.1 billion and $589 million
related to fixed maturity securities and equity securities,
respectively, that were in an unrealized loss position for a
period of less than six months. At December 31, 2007,
$429 million and $148 million of unrealized losses
related to fixed maturity securities and equity securities,
respectively, with an unrealized loss position of 20% or more of
cost or amortized cost, which represented 28% and 31% of the
cost or amortized cost of such fixed maturity securities and
equity securities, respectively. Of such unrealized losses of
$429 million and $148 million, $407 million and
$148 million related to fixed maturity securities and
equity securities, respectively, that were in an unrealized loss
position for a period of less than six months.
The Company held 115 fixed maturity securities and 16 equity
securities, each with a gross unrealized loss at June 30,
2008 of greater than $10 million. These 115 fixed maturity
securities represented 19%, or $1.8 billion in the
aggregate, of the gross unrealized loss on fixed maturity
securities. These 16 equity securities represented 33%, or
$260 million in the aggregate, of the gross unrealized loss
on equity securities. The Company held 23 fixed maturity
securities and 7 equity securities, each with a gross unrealized
loss at December 31, 2007 of greater than $10 million.
These 23 fixed maturity securities represented 8%, or
$358 million in the aggregate, of the gross unrealized loss
on fixed maturity securities. These 7 equity securities
represented 21%, or $101 million in the aggregate, of the
gross unrealized loss on equity securities.
In the Company’s impairment review process, the duration
of, and severity of, an unrealized loss position, such as
unrealized losses of 20% or more for equity securities, which
was $599 million at June 30, 2008 and
$148 million at December 31, 2007, is given greater
weight and consideration, than for fixed maturity securities. An
extended and severe unrealized loss position on a fixed maturity
security may not have any impact on the ability of the issuer to
service all scheduled interest and principal payments and the
Company’s evaluation of recoverability of all contractual
cash flows, as well as the Company’s ability and intent to
be hold the security, including holding the security until the
earlier of a recovery in value, or until maturity. Whereas for
an equity security, greater weight and consideration is given by
the Company to a decline in market value and the likelihood such
market value decline will recover.
17
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
At June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company
had $10.5 billion and $4.9 billion, respectively, of
gross unrealized losses related to its fixed maturity and equity
securities. These securities are concentrated, calculated as a
percentage of gross unrealized loss, as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
Sector:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U.S. corporate securities
|
|
|
38
|
%
|
|
|
44
|
%
|
Foreign corporate securities
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
|
16
|
|
Asset-backed securities
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
|
11
|
|
Residential mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
Foreign government securities
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
Other
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Industry:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Finance
|
|
|
30
|
%
|
|
|
34
|
%
|
Industrial
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
18
|
|
Mortgage-backed
|
|
|
23
|
|
|
|
12
|
|
Asset-backed
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
|
11
|
|
Utility
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
Government
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
Consumer
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
Communication
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
Other
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As disclosed in Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements included in the 2007 Annual Report, the
Company performs a regular evaluation, on a
security-by-security
basis, of its investment holdings in accordance with its
impairment policy in order to evaluate whether such securities
are other-than-temporarily impaired. One of the criteria which
the Company considers in its other-than-temporary impairment
analysis is its intent and ability to hold securities for a
period of time sufficient to allow for the recovery of their
value to an amount equal to or greater than cost or amortized
cost. The Company’s intent and ability to hold securities
considers broad portfolio management objectives such as
asset/liability duration management, issuer and industry segment
exposures, interest rate views and the overall total return
focus. In following these portfolio management objectives,
changes in facts and circumstances that were present in past
reporting periods may trigger a decision to sell securities that
were held in prior reporting periods. Decisions to sell are
based on current conditions or the Company’s need to shift
the portfolio to maintain its portfolio management objectives
including liquidity needs or duration targets on asset/liability
managed portfolios. The Company attempts to anticipate these
types of changes and if a sale decision has been made on an
impaired security and that security is not expected to recover
prior to the expected time of sale, the security will be deemed
other-than-temporarily impaired in the period that the sale
decision was made and an other-than-temporary impairment loss
will be recognized.
Based upon the Company’s current evaluation of the
securities in accordance with its impairment policy, the cause
of the decline being attributable to a rise in market yields
caused principally by a current widening of credit spreads which
resulted from a lack of market liquidity and a short-term market
dislocation versus a long-term deterioration in credit quality,
and the Company’s current intent and ability to hold the
fixed maturity and equity
18
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
securities with unrealized losses for a period of time
sufficient for them to recover, the Company has concluded that
the aforementioned securities are not other-than-temporarily
impaired.
Securities
Lending
The Company participates in a securities lending program whereby
blocks of securities, which are included in fixed maturity and
equity securities, are loaned to third parties, primarily major
brokerage firms. The Company requires a minimum of 102% of the
fair value of the loaned securities to be separately maintained
as collateral for the loans. Securities with a cost or amortized
cost of $43.6 billion and $41.1 billion and an
estimated fair value of $43.7 billion and
$42.1 billion were on loan under the program at
June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively.
Securities loaned under such transactions may be sold or
repledged by the transferee. The Company was liable for cash
collateral under its control of $44.9 billion and
$43.3 billion at June 30, 2008 and December 31,
2007, respectively. Security collateral of $19 million and
$40 million on deposit from customers in connection with
the securities lending transactions at June 30, 2008 and
December 31, 2007, respectively, may not be sold or
repledged and is not reflected in the unaudited interim
condensed consolidated financial statements.
Net
Investment Income
The components of net investment income are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Fixed maturity securities
|
|
$
|
3,586
|
|
|
$
|
3,747
|
|
|
$
|
7,223
|
|
|
$
|
7,345
|
|
Equity securities
|
|
|
85
|
|
|
|
64
|
|
|
|
156
|
|
|
|
104
|
|
Mortgage and consumer loans
|
|
|
709
|
|
|
|
698
|
|
|
|
1,424
|
|
|
|
1,373
|
|
Policy loans
|
|
|
167
|
|
|
|
158
|
|
|
|
332
|
|
|
|
315
|
|
Real estate and real estate joint ventures
|
|
|
204
|
|
|
|
252
|
|
|
|
380
|
|
|
|
486
|
|
Other limited partnership interests
|
|
|
71
|
|
|
|
453
|
|
|
|
203
|
|
|
|
764
|
|
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments
|
|
|
103
|
|
|
|
113
|
|
|
|
214
|
|
|
|
260
|
|
Other
|
|
|
157
|
|
|
|
193
|
|
|
|
269
|
|
|
|
346
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total investment income
|
|
|
5,082
|
|
|
|
5,678
|
|
|
|
10,201
|
|
|
|
10,993
|
|
Less: Investment expenses
|
|
|
498
|
|
|
|
843
|
|
|
|
1,110
|
|
|
|
1,638
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net investment income
|
|
$
|
4,584
|
|
|
$
|
4,835
|
|
|
$
|
9,091
|
|
|
$
|
9,355
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
19
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
Net
Investment Gains (Losses)
The components of net investment gains (losses) are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Fixed maturity securities
|
|
$
|
(300
|
)
|
|
$
|
(236
|
)
|
|
$
|
(504
|
)
|
|
$
|
(328
|
)
|
Equity securities
|
|
|
(3
|
)
|
|
|
14
|
|
|
|
(13
|
)
|
|
|
76
|
|
Mortgage and consumer loans
|
|
|
(35
|
)
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
|
(62
|
)
|
|
|
13
|
|
Real estate and real estate joint ventures
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
37
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
39
|
|
Other limited partnership interests
|
|
|
(12
|
)
|
|
|
14
|
|
|
|
(15
|
)
|
|
|
16
|
|
Derivatives
|
|
|
(57
|
)
|
|
|
(153
|
)
|
|
|
(580
|
)
|
|
|
(204
|
)
|
Other
|
|
|
41
|
|
|
|
72
|
|
|
|
(76
|
)
|
|
|
111
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net investment gains (losses)
|
|
$
|
(362
|
)
|
|
$
|
(239
|
)
|
|
$
|
(1,248
|
)
|
|
$
|
(277
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Company periodically disposes of fixed maturity and equity
securities at a loss. Generally, such losses are insignificant
in amount or in relation to the cost basis of the investment,
are attributable to declines in fair value occurring in the
period of the disposition or are as a result of
management’s decision to sell securities based on current
conditions or the Company’s need to shift the portfolio to
maintain its portfolio management objectives.
Losses from fixed maturity and equity securities deemed
other-than-temporarily impaired, included within net investment
gains (losses), were $196 million and $336 million for
the three months and six months ended June 30, 2008,
respectively, and $21 million and $24 million for the
three months and six months ended June 30, 2007,
respectively.
Trading
Securities
The Company has a trading securities portfolio to support
investment strategies that involve the active and frequent
purchase and sale of securities, the execution of short sale
agreements and asset and liability matching strategies for
certain insurance products. Trading securities and short sale
agreement liabilities are recorded at fair value with subsequent
changes in fair value recognized in net investment income
related to fixed maturity securities.
At June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, trading
securities were $883 million and $779 million,
respectively, and liabilities associated with the short sale
agreements in the trading securities portfolio, which were
included in other liabilities, were $47 million and
$107 million, respectively. The Company had pledged
$300 million and $407 million of its assets, primarily
consisting of trading securities, as collateral to secure the
liabilities associated with the short sale agreements in the
trading securities portfolio at June 30, 2008 and
December 31, 2007, respectively.
Interest and dividends earned on trading securities in addition
to the net realized and unrealized gains (losses) recognized on
the trading securities and the related short sale agreement
liabilities included within net investment income totaled
$9 million, and ($42) million for the three months and
six months ended June 30, 2008, respectively, and
$16 million and $31 million for the three months and
six months ended June 30, 2007, respectively. Included
within unrealized gains (losses) on such trading securities and
short sale agreement liabilities are changes in fair value of
($4) million and ($47) million for the three months
and six months ended June 30, 2008, respectively, and
$4 million and $15 million for the three months and
six months ended June 30, 2007, respectively.
20
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
|
|
4.
|
Derivative
Financial Instruments
|
Types
of Derivative Financial Instruments
The following table presents the notional amount and current
market or fair value of derivative financial instruments,
excluding embedded derivatives, held at:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, 2008
|
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current Market
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current Market
|
|
|
|
Notional
|
|
|
or Fair Value
|
|
|
Notional
|
|
|
or Fair Value
|
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Assets
|
|
|
Liabilities
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Assets
|
|
|
Liabilities
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Interest rate swaps
|
|
$
|
36,542
|
|
|
$
|
899
|
|
|
$
|
591
|
|
|
$
|
62,519
|
|
|
$
|
785
|
|
|
$
|
768
|
|
Interest rate floors
|
|
|
48,517
|
|
|
|
565
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
48,937
|
|
|
|
621
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Interest rate caps
|
|
|
25,651
|
|
|
|
90
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
45,498
|
|
|
|
50
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Financial futures
|
|
|
6,180
|
|
|
|
33
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
10,817
|
|
|
|
89
|
|
|
|
57
|
|
Foreign currency swaps
|
|
|
20,756
|
|
|
|
1,733
|
|
|
|
2,026
|
|
|
|
21,399
|
|
|
|
1,480
|
|
|
|
1,724
|
|
Foreign currency forwards
|
|
|
5,570
|
|
|
|
43
|
|
|
|
100
|
|
|
|
4,185
|
|
|
|
76
|
|
|
|
16
|
|
Options
|
|
|
2,409
|
|
|
|
938
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
2,043
|
|
|
|
713
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
Financial forwards
|
|
|
2,480
|
|
|
|
68
|
|
|
|
12
|
|
|
|
4,600
|
|
|
|
122
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
Credit default swaps
|
|
|
4,260
|
|
|
|
58
|
|
|
|
33
|
|
|
|
6,850
|
|
|
|
58
|
|
|
|
35
|
|
Synthetic GICs
|
|
|
3,934
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
3,670
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Other
|
|
|
250
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
250
|
|
|
|
43
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
156,549
|
|
|
$
|
4,427
|
|
|
$
|
2,771
|
|
|
$
|
210,768
|
|
|
$
|
4,037
|
|
|
$
|
2,603
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The above table does not include notional amounts for equity
futures, equity variance swaps, and equity options. At
June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company owned
8,354 and 4,658 equity future contracts, respectively. Fair
values of equity futures are included in financial futures in
the preceding table. At June 30, 2008 and December 31,
2007, the Company owned 865,427 and 695,485 equity variance
swaps, respectively. Fair values of equity variance swaps are
included in financial forwards in the preceding table. At
June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company owned
170,450,122 and 77,374,937 equity options, respectively. Fair
values of equity options are included in options in the
preceding table.
This information should be read in conjunction with Note 4
of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in
the 2007 Annual Report.
The Company commenced the use of inflation swaps during the
first quarter of 2008. Inflation swaps are used as an economic
hedge to reduce inflation risk generated from inflation-indexed
liabilities. Inflation swaps are included in interest rate swaps
in the preceding table.
21
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
Hedging
The following table presents the notional amount and fair value
of derivatives by type of hedge designation at:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, 2008
|
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
Notional
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
|
Notional
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Assets
|
|
|
Liabilities
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Assets
|
|
|
Liabilities
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Fair value
|
|
$
|
11,731
|
|
|
$
|
879
|
|
|
$
|
144
|
|
|
$
|
10,006
|
|
|
$
|
650
|
|
|
$
|
99
|
|
Cash flow
|
|
|
4,673
|
|
|
|
176
|
|
|
|
359
|
|
|
|
4,717
|
|
|
|
161
|
|
|
|
321
|
|
Foreign operations
|
|
|
2,670
|
|
|
|
33
|
|
|
|
121
|
|
|
|
1,872
|
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
|
119
|
|
Non-qualifying
|
|
|
137,475
|
|
|
|
3,339
|
|
|
|
2,147
|
|
|
|
194,173
|
|
|
|
3,215
|
|
|
|
2,064
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
156,549
|
|
|
$
|
4,427
|
|
|
$
|
2,771
|
|
|
$
|
210,768
|
|
|
$
|
4,037
|
|
|
$
|
2,603
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following table presents the settlement payments recorded in
income for the:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Qualifying hedges:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net investment income
|
|
$
|
4
|
|
|
$
|
8
|
|
|
$
|
2
|
|
|
$
|
17
|
|
Interest credited to policyholder account balances
|
|
|
42
|
|
|
|
(10
|
)
|
|
|
63
|
|
|
|
(21
|
)
|
Other expenses
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
2
|
|
Non-qualifying hedges:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net investment income
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
Net investment gains (losses)
|
|
|
(26
|
)
|
|
|
68
|
|
|
|
(18
|
)
|
|
|
130
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
20
|
|
|
$
|
67
|
|
|
$
|
45
|
|
|
$
|
128
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair
Value Hedges
The Company designates and accounts for the following as fair
value hedges when they have met the requirements of
SFAS 133: (i) interest rate swaps to convert fixed
rate investments to floating rate investments;
(ii) interest rate swaps to convert fixed rate liabilities
to floating rate liabilities; and (iii) foreign currency
swaps to hedge the foreign currency fair value exposure of
foreign currency denominated investments and liabilities.
The Company recognized net investment gains (losses)
representing the ineffective portion of all fair value hedges as
follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Changes in the fair value of derivatives
|
|
$
|
(323
|
)
|
|
$
|
11
|
|
|
$
|
22
|
|
|
$
|
(2
|
)
|
Changes in the fair value of the items hedged
|
|
|
313
|
|
|
|
(10
|
)
|
|
|
(27
|
)
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net ineffectiveness of fair value hedging activities
|
|
$
|
(10
|
)
|
|
$
|
1
|
|
|
$
|
(5
|
)
|
|
$
|
2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All components of each derivative’s gain or loss were
included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness. There were no
instances in which the Company discontinued fair value hedge
accounting due to a hedged firm commitment no longer qualifying
as a fair value hedge.
22
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
Cash
Flow Hedges
The Company designates and accounts for the following as cash
flow hedges when they have met the requirements of
SFAS 133: (i) interest rate swaps to convert floating
rate investments to fixed rate investments; (ii) interest
rate swaps to convert floating rate liabilities to fixed rate
liabilities; and (iii) foreign currency swaps to hedge the
foreign currency cash flow exposure of foreign currency
denominated investments and liabilities.
For the three months and six months ended June 30, 2008 and
2007, the Company did not recognize any net investment gains
(losses) which represented the ineffective portion of all cash
flow hedges. All components of each derivative’s gain or
loss were included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness. In
certain instances, the Company discontinued cash flow hedge
accounting because the forecasted transactions did not occur on
the anticipated date or in the additional time period permitted
by SFAS 133. The net amounts reclassified into net
investment gains (losses) for the three months and six months
ended June 30, 2008 related to such discontinued cash flow
hedges were losses of $3 million and $7 million,
respectively, and for the three months and six months ended
June 30, 2007, related to such discontinued cash flow
hedges were losses of $0 and $3 million, respectively.
There were no hedged forecasted transactions, other than the
receipt or payment of variable interest payments, for the three
months and six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007.
The following table presents the components of other
comprehensive income (loss), before income tax, related to cash
flow hedges:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Other comprehensive income (loss) balance at the beginning of
the period
|
|
$
|
(361
|
)
|
|
$
|
(229
|
)
|
|
$
|
(270
|
)
|
|
$
|
(208
|
)
|
Gains (losses) deferred in other comprehensive income (loss) on
the effective portion of cash flow hedges
|
|
|
(11
|
)
|
|
|
(64
|
)
|
|
|
(46
|
)
|
|
|
(88
|
)
|
Amounts reclassified to net investment gains (losses)
|
|
|
51
|
|
|
|
43
|
|
|
|
(7
|
)
|
|
|
42
|
|
Amounts reclassified to net investment income
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
Amortization of transition adjustment
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
Amounts reclassified to other expenses
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other comprehensive income (loss) balance at the end of the
period
|
|
$
|
(318
|
)
|
|
$
|
(248
|
)
|
|
$
|
(318
|
)
|
|
$
|
(248
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At June 30, 2008, $10 million of the deferred net loss
on derivatives accumulated in other comprehensive income (loss)
is expected to be reclassified to earnings within the next
12 months.
Hedges
of Net Investments in Foreign Operations
The Company uses forward exchange contracts, foreign currency
swaps, options and non-derivative financial instruments to hedge
portions of its net investments in foreign operations against
adverse movements in exchange rates. The Company measures
ineffectiveness on the forward exchange contracts based upon the
change in forward rates. There was no ineffectiveness recorded
for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2008 and
2007.
The Company’s consolidated statement of stockholders’
equity for the three months and six months ended June 30,
2008 includes losses of $12 million and $17 million,
respectively, related to foreign currency contracts and
non-derivative financial instruments used to hedge its net
investments in foreign operations and for the three and six
months ended June 30, 2007 includes losses of
$85 million and $83 million, respectively, related to
foreign currency contracts and non-derivative financial
instruments used to hedge its net investments in foreign
operations. At June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007,
the cumulative foreign currency translation loss recorded in
accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to these
hedges was $386 million and $369 million,
respectively. When
23
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
net investments in foreign operations are sold or substantially
liquidated, the amounts in accumulated other comprehensive
income (loss) are reclassified to the consolidated statements of
income, while a pro rata portion will be reclassified upon
partial sale of the net investments in foreign operations.
Non-qualifying
Derivatives and Derivatives for Purposes Other Than
Hedging
The Company enters into the following derivatives that do not
qualify for hedge accounting under SFAS 133 or for purposes
other than hedging: (i) interest rate swaps, purchased caps
and floors, and interest rate futures to economically hedge its
exposure to interest rates; (ii) foreign currency forwards,
swaps and option contracts to economically hedge its exposure to
adverse movements in exchange rates; (iii) credit default
swaps to economically hedge exposure to adverse movements in
credit; (iv) equity futures, equity index options, interest
rate futures and equity variance swaps to economically hedge
liabilities embedded in certain variable annuity products;
(v) swap spread locks to economically hedge invested assets
against the risk of changes in credit spreads;
(vi) financial forwards to buy and sell securities;
(vii) synthetic guaranteed interest contracts;
(viii) credit default swaps and total rate of return swaps
to synthetically create investments; (ix) basis swaps to
better match the cash flows of assets and related liabilities;
(x) credit default swaps held in relation to trading
portfolios; (xi) swaptions to hedge interest rate risk; and
(xii) inflation swaps to reduce risk generated from
inflation-indexed liabilities.
The following table presents changes in fair value related to
derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Net investment gains (losses), excluding embedded derivatives
|
|
$
|
(353
|
)
|
|
$
|
(311
|
)
|
|
$
|
(287
|
)
|
|
$
|
(484
|
)
|
Policyholder benefits and claims
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
(15
|
)
|
|
|
59
|
|
|
|
(16
|
)
|
Net investment income (1)
|
|
|
(37
|
)
|
|
|
(9
|
)
|
|
|
39
|
|
|
|
(9
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
(388
|
)
|
|
$
|
(335
|
)
|
|
$
|
(189
|
)
|
|
$
|
(509
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Changes in fair value related to economic hedges of equity
method investments in joint ventures that do not qualify for
hedge accounting and changes in fair value related to
derivatives held in relation to trading portfolios. |
Embedded
Derivatives
The Company has certain embedded derivatives that are required
to be separated from their host contracts and accounted for as
derivatives. These host contracts principally include: variable
annuities with guaranteed minimum withdrawal, guaranteed minimum
accumulation and certain guaranteed minimum income riders;
guaranteed investment contracts with equity or bond indexed
crediting rates; assumed and retroceded reinsurance on equity
indexed annuities and assumed and retroceded reinsurance written
on a funds withheld basis.
24
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
The following table presents the fair value of the
Company’s embedded derivatives at:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Net embedded derivatives within asset host contracts:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ceded guaranteed minimum benefit riders
|
|
$
|
12
|
|
|
$
|
6
|
|
Ceded reinsurance on equity indexed annuities
|
|
|
81
|
|
|
|
66
|
|
Funds withheld on assumed reinsurance
|
|
|
(245
|
)
|
|
|
(85
|
)
|
Other
|
|
|
(16
|
)
|
|
|
(16
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net embedded derivatives within asset host contracts
|
|
$
|
(168
|
)
|
|
$
|
(29
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net embedded derivatives within liability host contracts:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Direct guaranteed minimum benefit riders
|
|
$
|
456
|
|
|
$
|
285
|
|
Assumed reinsurance on equity indexed annuities
|
|
|
574
|
|
|
|
534
|
|
Other
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
|
60
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net embedded derivatives within liability host contracts
|
|
$
|
1,045
|
|
|
$
|
879
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following table presents changes in fair value related to
embedded derivatives:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net investment gains (losses)
|
|
$
|
358
|
|
|
$
|
106
|
|
|
$
|
(221
|
)
|
|
$
|
159
|
|
Interest credited to policyholder account balances
|
|
$
|
(2
|
)
|
|
$
|
34
|
|
|
$
|
(22
|
)
|
|
$
|
25
|
|
Other expenses
|
|
$
|
(3
|
)
|
|
$
|
(4
|
)
|
|
$
|
4
|
|
|
$
|
(3
|
)
|
Policyholder benefits and claims
|
|
$
|
1
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
1
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
Credit
Risk
The Company may be exposed to credit-related losses in the event
of nonperformance by counterparties to derivative financial
instruments. Generally, the current credit exposure of the
Company’s derivative contracts is limited to the fair value
at the reporting date. The credit exposure of the Company’s
derivative transactions is represented by the fair value of
contracts with a net positive fair value at the reporting date.
The Company manages its credit risk related to over-the-counter
derivatives by entering into transactions with creditworthy
counterparties, maintaining collateral arrangements and through
the use of master agreements that provide for a single net
payment to be made by one counterparty to another at each due
date and upon termination. Because exchange-traded futures are
effected through regulated exchanges, and positions are marked
to market on a daily basis, the Company has minimal exposure to
credit-related losses in the event of nonperformance by
counterparties to such derivative instruments.
The Company enters into various collateral arrangements, which
require both the pledging and accepting of collateral in
connection with its derivative instruments. As of June 30,
2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company was obligated to
return cash collateral under its control of $1.1 billion
and $833 million, respectively. This unrestricted cash
collateral is included in cash and cash equivalents and the
obligation to return it is included in payables for collateral
under securities loaned and other transactions in the
consolidated balance sheets. As of June 30, 2008 and
December 31, 2007, the Company had also accepted collateral
consisting of various securities with a fair market value of
$658 million and $678 million, respectively, which are
held in separate custodial
25
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
accounts. The Company is permitted by contract to sell or
repledge this collateral, but as of June 30, 2008 and
December 31, 2007, none of the collateral had been sold or
repledged.
As of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company
provided collateral of $284 million and $162 million,
respectively, which is included in fixed maturity securities in
the consolidated balance sheets. In addition, the Company has
exchange-traded futures, which require the pledging of
collateral. As of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007,
the Company pledged collateral of $123 million and
$167 million, respectively, which is included in fixed
maturity securities. The counterparties are permitted by
contract to sell or repledge this collateral. As of
June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company
provided cash collateral of $76 million and
$102 million, respectively, which is included in premiums
and other receivables in the consolidated balance sheet.
On April 7, 2000, (the “Demutualization Date”),
MLIC converted from a mutual life insurance company to a stock
life insurance company and became a wholly-owned subsidiary of
MetLife, Inc. The conversion was pursuant to an order by the New
York Superintendent of Insurance approving MLIC’s plan of
reorganization, as amended (the “Plan”). On the
Demutualization Date, MLIC established a closed block for the
benefit of holders of certain individual life insurance policies
of MLIC.
26
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
Information regarding the closed block liabilities and assets
designated to the closed block is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Closed Block Liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Future policy benefits
|
|
$
|
43,378
|
|
|
$
|
43,362
|
|
Other policyholder funds
|
|
|
309
|
|
|
|
323
|
|
Policyholder dividends payable
|
|
|
749
|
|
|
|
709
|
|
Policyholder dividend obligation
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
789
|
|
Payables for collateral under securities loaned and other
transactions
|
|
|
6,610
|
|
|
|
5,610
|
|
Other liabilities
|
|
|
606
|
|
|
|
290
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total closed block liabilities
|
|
|
51,652
|
|
|
|
51,083
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Assets Designated to the Closed Block
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investments:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale, at estimated fair
value (amortized cost:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$30,759 and $29,631, respectively)
|
|
|
30,676
|
|
|
|
30,481
|
|
Equity securities available-for-sale, at estimated fair value
(cost: $1,493 and $1,555, respectively)
|
|
|
1,642
|
|
|
|
1,875
|
|
Mortgage loans on real estate
|
|
|
7,382
|
|
|
|
7,472
|
|
Policy loans
|
|
|
4,307
|
|
|
|
4,290
|
|
Real estate and real estate joint ventures held-for-investment
|
|
|
321
|
|
|
|
297
|
|
Short-term investments
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
|
14
|
|
Other invested assets
|
|
|
954
|
|
|
|
829
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total investments
|
|
|
45,291
|
|
|
|
45,258
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
395
|
|
|
|
333
|
|
Accrued investment income
|
|
|
486
|
|
|
|
485
|
|
Deferred income tax assets
|
|
|
751
|
|
|
|
640
|
|
Premiums and other receivables
|
|
|
248
|
|
|
|
151
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets designated to the closed block
|
|
|
47,171
|
|
|
|
46,867
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Excess of closed block liabilities over assets designated to the
closed block
|
|
|
4,481
|
|
|
|
4,216
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealized investment gains (losses), net of income tax of $25
and $424, respectively
|
|
|
46
|
|
|
|
751
|
|
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net of
income tax benefit of ($19) and ($19), respectively
|
|
|
(36
|
)
|
|
|
(33
|
)
|
Allocated to policyholder dividend obligation, net of income tax
benefit of $0 and ($284), respectively
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(505
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive income
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
|
213
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Maximum future earnings to be recognized from closed block
assets and liabilities
|
|
$
|
4,491
|
|
|
$
|
4,429
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
27
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
Information regarding the closed block policyholder dividend
obligation is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
Year Ended
|
|
|
|
June 30, 2008
|
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Balance at beginning of period
|
|
$
|
789
|
|
|
$
|
1,063
|
|
Change in unrealized investment and derivative gains (losses)
|
|
|
(789
|
)
|
|
|
(274
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at end of period
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
789
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Information regarding the closed block revenues and expenses is
as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Revenues
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Premiums
|
|
$
|
686
|
|
|
$
|
707
|
|
|
$
|
1,337
|
|
|
$
|
1,383
|
|
Net investment income and other revenues
|
|
|
577
|
|
|
|
580
|
|
|
|
1,141
|
|
|
|
1,163
|
|
Net investment gains (losses)
|
|
|
(8
|
)
|
|
|
37
|
|
|
|
(73
|
)
|
|
|
50
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues
|
|
|
1,255
|
|
|
|
1,324
|
|
|
|
2,405
|
|
|
|
2,596
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Policyholder benefits and claims
|
|
|
844
|
|
|
|
864
|
|
|
|
1,647
|
|
|
|
1,672
|
|
Policyholder dividends
|
|
|
379
|
|
|
|
371
|
|
|
|
750
|
|
|
|
738
|
|
Other expenses
|
|
|
54
|
|
|
|
58
|
|
|
|
110
|
|
|
|
117
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total expenses
|
|
|
1,277
|
|
|
|
1,293
|
|
|
|
2,507
|
|
|
|
2,527
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues, net of expenses before income tax
|
|
|
(22
|
)
|
|
|
31
|
|
|
|
(102
|
)
|
|
|
69
|
|
Provision (benefit) for income tax
|
|
|
(9
|
)
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
|
(40
|
)
|
|
|
24
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues, net of expenses and income tax
|
|
$
|
(13
|
)
|
|
$
|
20
|
|
|
$
|
(62
|
)
|
|
$
|
45
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The change in the maximum future earnings of the closed block is
as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Balance at end of period
|
|
$
|
4,491
|
|
|
$
|
4,431
|
|
|
$
|
4,491
|
|
|
$
|
4,431
|
|
Less:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle, net of
income tax
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(4
|
)
|
Balance at beginning of period
|
|
|
4,478
|
|
|
|
4,451
|
|
|
|
4,429
|
|
|
|
4,480
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change during period
|
|
$
|
13
|
|
|
$
|
(20
|
)
|
|
$
|
62
|
|
|
$
|
(45
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MLIC charges the closed block with federal income taxes, state
and local premium taxes, and other additive state or local
taxes, as well as investment management expenses relating to the
closed block as provided in the Plan. MLIC also charges the
closed block for expenses of maintaining the policies included
in the closed block.
28
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
Insurance
Liabilities
Insurance liabilities are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Future Policy Benefits
|
|
|
Policyholder Account Balances
|
|
|
Other Policyholder Funds
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Institutional
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Group life
|
|
$
|
3,372
|
|
|
$
|
3,326
|
|
|
$
|
14,527
|
|
|
$
|
13,997
|
|
|
$
|
2,653
|
|
|
$
|
2,364
|
|
Retirement & savings
|
|
|
38,134
|
|
|
|
37,947
|
|
|
|
56,068
|
|
|
|
51,586
|
|
|
|
51
|
|
|
|
213
|
|
Non-medical health & other
|
|
|
11,022
|
|
|
|
10,617
|
|
|
|
517
|
|
|
|
501
|
|
|
|
685
|
|
|
|
597
|
|
Individual
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Traditional life
|
|
|
52,714
|
|
|
|
52,493
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1,438
|
|
|
|
1,480
|
|
Universal & variable life
|
|
|
1,067
|
|
|
|
985
|
|
|
|
15,142
|
|
|
|
14,898
|
|
|
|
1,628
|
|
|
|
1,572
|
|
Annuities
|
|
|
3,191
|
|
|
|
3,063
|
|
|
|
37,757
|
|
|
|
37,807
|
|
|
|
81
|
|
|
|
76
|
|
Other
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
2,568
|
|
|
|
2,410
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Auto & Home
|
|
|
3,255
|
|
|
|
3,273
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
60
|
|
|
|
51
|
|
International
|
|
|
10,174
|
|
|
|
9,826
|
|
|
|
5,645
|
|
|
|
4,961
|
|
|
|
1,464
|
|
|
|
1,296
|
|
Reinsurance
|
|
|
6,501
|
|
|
|
6,159
|
|
|
|
7,165
|
|
|
|
6,657
|
|
|
|
2,464
|
|
|
|
2,297
|
|
Corporate & Other
|
|
|
4,693
|
|
|
|
4,573
|
|
|
|
4,849
|
|
|
|
4,532
|
|
|
|
216
|
|
|
|
230
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
134,123
|
|
|
$
|
132,262
|
|
|
$
|
144,238
|
|
|
$
|
137,349
|
|
|
$
|
10,740
|
|
|
$
|
10,176
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7.
|
Junior
Subordinated Debentures
|
In April 2008, MetLife Capital Trust X, a VIE consolidated
by the Company, issued exchangeable surplus trust securities
(the “Trust Securities”) with a face amount of
$750 million. The Trust Securities will be exchanged
into a like amount of Holding Company junior subordinated
debentures on April 8, 2038, the scheduled redemption date;
mandatorily under certain circumstances; and at any time upon
the Holding Company exercising its option to redeem the
securities. The Trust Securities will be exchanged for
junior subordinated debentures prior to repayment. The final
maturity of the debentures is April 8, 2068. The Holding
Company may cause the redemption of the Trust Securities or
debentures (i) in whole or in part, at any time on or after
April 8, 2033 at their principal amount plus accrued and
unpaid interest to the date of redemption, or (ii) in
certain circumstances, in whole or in part, prior to
April 8, 2033 at their principal amount plus accrued and
unpaid interest to the date of redemption or, if greater, a
make-whole price. Interest on the Trust Securities or
debentures is payable semi-annually at a fixed rate of 9.25% up
to, but not including, April 8, 2038, the scheduled
redemption date. In the event the Trust Securities or
debentures are not redeemed on or before the scheduled
redemption date, interest will accrue at an annual rate of
3-month
LIBOR plus a margin equal to 5.540%, payable quarterly in
arrears. The Holding Company has the right to, and in certain
circumstances the requirement to, defer interest payments on the
Trust Securities or debentures for a period up to ten
years. Interest compounds during such periods of deferral. If
interest is deferred for more than five consecutive years, the
Holding Company may be required to use proceeds from the sale of
its common stock or warrants on common stock to satisfy its
obligation. In connection with the issuance of the
Trust Securities, the Holding Company entered into a
replacement capital covenant (“RCC”). As a part of the
RCC, the Holding Company agreed that it will not repay, redeem,
or purchase the debentures on or before April 8, 2058,
unless, subject to certain limitations, it has received proceeds
from the sale of specified capital securities. The RCC will
terminate upon the occurrence of certain events, including an
acceleration of the debentures due to the occurrence of an event
of default. The RCC is not intended for the benefit of holders
of the
29
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
debentures and may not be enforced by them. The RCC is for the
benefit of holders of one or more other designated series of its
indebtedness (which will initially be its 5.70% senior
notes due June 15, 2035). The Holding Company also entered
into a replacement capital obligation which will commence in
2038 and under which the Holding Company must use reasonable
commercial efforts to raise replacement capital through the
issuance of certain qualifying capital securities.
|
|
8.
|
Contingencies,
Commitments and Guarantees
|
Contingencies
Litigation
The Company is a defendant in a large number of litigation
matters. In some of the matters, very large
and/or
indeterminate amounts, including punitive and treble damages,
are sought. Modern pleading practice in the United States
permits considerable variation in the assertion of monetary
damages or other relief. Jurisdictions may permit claimants not
to specify the monetary damages sought or may permit claimants
to state only that the amount sought is sufficient to invoke the
jurisdiction of the trial court. In addition, jurisdictions may
permit plaintiffs to allege monetary damages in amounts well
exceeding reasonably possible verdicts in the jurisdiction for
similar matters. This variability in pleadings, together with
the actual experience of the Company in litigating or resolving
through settlement numerous claims over an extended period of
time, demonstrate to management that the monetary relief which
may be specified in a lawsuit or claim bears little relevance to
its merits or disposition value. Thus, unless stated below, the
specific monetary relief sought is not noted.
Due to the vagaries of litigation, the outcome of a litigation
matter and the amount or range of potential loss at particular
points in time may normally be inherently impossible to
ascertain with any degree of certainty. Inherent uncertainties
can include how fact finders will view individually and in their
totality documentary evidence, the credibility and effectiveness
of witnesses’ testimony, and how trial and appellate courts
will apply the law in the context of the pleadings or evidence
presented, whether by motion practice, or at trial or on appeal.
Disposition valuations are also subject to the uncertainty of
how opposing parties and their counsel will themselves view the
relevant evidence and applicable law.
On a quarterly and annual basis, the Company reviews relevant
information with respect to litigation and contingencies to be
reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial
statements. The review includes senior legal and financial
personnel. Unless stated below, estimates of possible losses or
ranges of loss for particular matters cannot in the ordinary
course be made with a reasonable degree of certainty.
Liabilities are established when it is probable that a loss has
been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably
estimated. Liabilities have been established for a number of the
matters noted below. It is possible that some of the matters
could require the Company to pay damages or make other
expenditures or establish accruals in amounts that could not be
estimated as of June 30, 2008.
Demutualization
Actions
Several lawsuits were brought in 2000 challenging the fairness
of the Plan and the adequacy and accuracy of MLIC’s
disclosure to policyholders regarding the Plan. The actions
discussed below name as defendants some or all of MLIC, the
Holding Company, and individual directors. MLIC, the Holding
Company, and the individual directors believe they have
meritorious defenses to the plaintiffs’ claims and are
contesting vigorously all of the plaintiffs’ claims in
these actions.
Fiala, et al. v. Metropolitan Life Ins. Co., et al. (Sup.
Ct., N.Y. County, filed March 17, 2000). The plaintiffs
in the consolidated state court class actions seek compensatory
relief and punitive damages against MLIC, the Holding Company,
and individual directors. On June 5, 2008, the Appellate
Division affirmed the order of the trial court certifying a
litigation class of present and former policyholders on
plaintiffs’ claim that defendants violated
section 7312 of the New York Insurance Law, but denying
plaintiffs’ motion to certify a litigation class with
respect
30
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
to a common law fraud claim. The trial court has directed
various forms of class notice. Plaintiffs have begun
distributing various forms of class notice. In July 2008,
defendants served their motion for summary judgment.
In re MetLife Demutualization Litig. (E.D.N.Y., filed
April 18, 2000). In this class action against MLIC and
the Holding Company, plaintiffs served a second consolidated
amended complaint in 2004. Plaintiffs assert violations of the
Securities Act and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended (the “Exchange Act”), in connection with the
Plan, claiming that the Policyholder Information Booklets failed
to disclose certain material facts and contained certain
material misstatements. They seek rescission and compensatory
damages. By orders dated July 19, 2005 and August 29,
2006, the federal trial court certified a litigation class of
present and former policyholders. The court has not yet directed
the manner and form of class notice. MLIC and the Holding
Company have moved for summary judgment, and plaintiffs have
moved for partial summary judgment.
Asbestos-Related
Claims
MLIC is and has been a defendant in a large number of
asbestos-related suits filed primarily in state courts. These
suits principally allege that the plaintiff or plaintiffs
suffered personal injury resulting from exposure to asbestos and
seek both actual and punitive damages. MLIC has never engaged in
the business of manufacturing, producing, distributing or
selling asbestos or asbestos-containing products nor has MLIC
issued liability or workers’ compensation insurance to
companies in the business of manufacturing, producing,
distributing or selling asbestos or asbestos-containing
products. The lawsuits principally have focused on allegations
with respect to certain research, publication and other
activities of one or more of MLIC’s employees during the
period from the 1920’s through approximately the
1950’s and allege that MLIC learned or should have learned
of certain health risks posed by asbestos and, among other
things, improperly publicized or failed to disclose those health
risks. MLIC believes that it should not have legal liability in
these cases. The outcome of most asbestos litigation matters,
however, is uncertain and can be impacted by numerous variables,
including differences in legal rulings in various jurisdictions,
the nature of the alleged injury, and factors unrelated to the
ultimate legal merit of the claims asserted against MLIC. MLIC
employs a number of resolution strategies to manage its asbestos
loss exposure, including seeking resolution of pending
litigation by judicial rulings and settling litigation under
appropriate circumstances.
Claims asserted against MLIC have included negligence,
intentional tort and conspiracy concerning the health risks
associated with asbestos. MLIC’s defenses (beyond denial of
certain factual allegations) include that: (i) MLIC owed no
duty to the plaintiffs — it had no special
relationship with the plaintiffs and did not manufacture,
produce, distribute or sell the asbestos products that allegedly
injured plaintiffs; (ii) plaintiffs did not rely on any
actions of MLIC; (iii) MLIC’s conduct was not the
cause of the plaintiffs’ injuries;
(iv) plaintiffs’ exposure occurred after the dangers
of asbestos were known; and (v) the applicable time with
respect to filing suit has expired. During the course of the
litigation, certain trial courts have granted motions dismissing
claims against MLIC, while other trial courts have denied
MLIC’s motions to dismiss. There can be no assurance that
MLIC will receive favorable decisions on motions in the future.
While most cases brought to date have settled, MLIC intends to
continue to defend aggressively against claims based on asbestos
exposure, including defending claims at trials.
As reported in the 2007 Annual Report, MLIC received
approximately 7,200 asbestos-related claims in 2007. During the
six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, MLIC received
approximately 2,900 and 2,600 new asbestos-related claims,
respectively. See Note 16 of the Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements included in the 2007 Annual Report for
historical information concerning asbestos claims and
MLIC’s increase in its recorded liability at
December 31, 2002. The number of asbestos cases that may be
brought or the aggregate amount of any liability that MLIC may
ultimately incur is uncertain.
The Company believes adequate provision has been made in its
consolidated financial statements for all probable and
reasonably estimable losses for asbestos-related claims.
MLIC’s recorded asbestos liability is based on its
estimation of the following elements, as informed by the facts
presently known to it, its understanding of current law, and its
past experiences: (i) the probable and reasonably estimable
liability for asbestos claims already asserted against MLIC,
including claims settled but not yet paid; (ii) the
probable and reasonably estimable liability
31
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
for asbestos claims not yet asserted against MLIC, but which
MLIC believes are reasonably probable of assertion; and
(iii) the legal defense costs associated with the foregoing
claims. Significant assumptions underlying MLIC’s analysis
of the adequacy of its recorded liability with respect to
asbestos litigation include: (i) the number of future
claims; (ii) the cost to resolve claims; and (iii) the
cost to defend claims.
MLIC reevaluates on a quarterly and annual basis its exposure
from asbestos litigation, including studying its claims
experience, reviewing external literature regarding asbestos
claims experience in the United States, assessing relevant
trends impacting asbestos liability and considering numerous
variables that can affect its asbestos liability exposure on an
overall or per claim basis. These variables include bankruptcies
of other companies involved in asbestos litigation, legislative
and judicial developments, the number of pending claims
involving serious disease, the number of new claims filed
against it and other defendants, and the jurisdictions in which
claims are pending. MLIC regularly reevaluates its exposure from
asbestos litigation and has updated its liability analysis for
asbestos-related claims through June 30, 2008.
The ability of MLIC to estimate its ultimate asbestos exposure
is subject to considerable uncertainty, and the conditions
impacting its liability can be dynamic and subject to change.
The availability of reliable data is limited and it is difficult
to predict with any certainty the numerous variables that can
affect liability estimates, including the number of future
claims, the cost to resolve claims, the disease mix and severity
of disease in pending and future claims, the impact of the
number of new claims filed in a particular jurisdiction and
variations in the law in the jurisdictions in which claims are
filed, the possible impact of tort reform efforts, the
willingness of courts to allow plaintiffs to pursue claims
against MLIC when exposure to asbestos took place after the
dangers of asbestos exposure were well known, and the impact of
any possible future adverse verdicts and their amounts.
The ability to make estimates regarding ultimate asbestos
exposure declines significantly as the estimates relate to years
further in the future. In the Company’s judgment, there is
a future point after which losses cease to be probable and
reasonably estimable. It is reasonably possible that the
Company’s total exposure to asbestos claims may be
materially greater than the asbestos liability currently accrued
and that future charges to income may be necessary. While the
potential future charges could be material in the particular
quarterly or annual periods in which they are recorded, based on
information currently known by management, management does not
believe any such charges are likely to have a material adverse
effect on the Company’s financial position.
During 1998, MLIC paid $878 million in premiums for excess
insurance policies for asbestos-related claims. The excess
insurance policies for asbestos-related claims provide for
recovery of losses up to $1.5 billion, which is in excess
of a $400 million self-insured retention. The
Company’s initial option to commute the excess insurance
policies for asbestos-related claims arises at the end of 2008.
Thereafter, the Company will have a commutation right every five
years. The excess insurance policies for asbestos-related claims
are also subject to annual and per claim sublimits. Amounts
exceeding the sublimits during 2007, 2006 and 2005 were
approximately $16 million, $8 million and $0,
respectively. The Company continues to study per claim averages,
and there can be no assurance as to the number and cost of
claims resolved in the future, including related defense costs,
and the applicability of the sublimits to these costs. Amounts
are recoverable under the policies annually with respect to
claims paid during the prior calendar year. Although amounts
paid by MLIC in any given year that may be recoverable in the
next calendar year under the policies will be reflected as a
reduction in the Company’s operating cash flows for the
year in which they are paid, management believes that the
payments will not have a material adverse effect on the
Company’s liquidity.
Each asbestos-related policy contains an experience fund and a
reference fund that provide for payments to MLIC at the
commutation date if the reference fund is greater than zero at
commutation or pro rata reductions from time to time in the loss
reimbursements to MLIC if the cumulative return on the reference
fund is less than the return specified in the experience fund.
The return in the reference fund is tied to performance of the
Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) 500
Index and the Lehman Brothers Aggregate Bond Index. A claim with
respect to the prior year was made under the excess insurance
policies in each year from 2003 through 2008 for the amounts
paid with respect to asbestos litigation in excess of the
retention. As the performance of the indices impacts the return
in the reference
32
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
fund, it is possible that loss reimbursements to the Company and
the recoverable amount with respect to later periods may be less
than the amount of the recorded losses. Foregone loss
reimbursements may be recovered upon commutation depending upon
future performance of the reference fund. If at some point in
the future, the Company believes the liability for probable and
reasonably estimable losses for asbestos-related claims should
be increased, an expense would be recorded and the insurance
recoverable would be adjusted subject to the terms, conditions
and limits of the excess insurance policies. Portions of the
change in the insurance recoverable would be recorded as a
deferred gain and amortized into income over the estimated
remaining settlement period of the insurance policies. The
foregone loss reimbursements were approximately
$62.2 million with respect to claims for the period of 2002
through 2007 and are estimated, as of June 30, 2008, to be
approximately $100.2 million in the aggregate, including
future years.
Sales
Practices Claims
Over the past several years, MLIC; New England Mutual Life
Insurance Company, New England Life Insurance Company and New
England Securities Corporation (collectively “New
England”); General American Life Insurance Company
(“GALIC”); Walnut Street Securities, Inc.
(“Walnut Street Securities”) and MetLife Securities,
Inc. (“MSI”) have faced numerous claims, including
class action lawsuits, alleging improper marketing or sales of
individual life insurance policies, annuities, mutual funds or
other products.
As of June 30, 2008, there were approximately 145 sales
practices litigation matters pending against the Company. The
Company continues to vigorously defend against the claims in
these matters. Some sales practices claims have been resolved
through settlement. Other sales practices claims have been won
by dispositive motions or have gone to trial. Most of the
current cases seek substantial damages, including in some cases
punitive and treble damages and attorneys’ fees. Additional
litigation relating to the Company’s marketing and sales of
individual life insurance, mutual funds or other products may be
commenced in the future.
Two putative class action lawsuits involving sales practices
claims are pending against MLIC in Canada. In Jacynthe
Evoy-Larouche v. Metropolitan Life Ins. Co. (Que. Super.
Ct., filed March 1998), plaintiff alleges misrepresentations
regarding dividends and future payments for life insurance
policies and seeks unspecified damages. In Ace Quan v.
Metropolitan Life Ins. Co. (Ont. Gen. Div., filed April
1997), plaintiff alleges breach of contract and negligent
misrepresentations relating to, among other things, life
insurance premium payments and seeks damages, including punitive
damages.
Regulatory authorities in a small number of states have had
investigations or inquiries relating to MLIC’s, New
England’s, GALIC’s, MSI’s or Walnut Street
Securities’ sales of individual life insurance policies or
annuities or other products. Over the past several years, these
and a number of investigations by other regulatory authorities
were resolved for monetary payments and certain other relief.
The Company may continue to resolve investigations in a similar
manner. The Company believes adequate provision has been made in
its unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial
statements for all probable and reasonably estimable losses for
sales practices claims against MLIC, New England, GALIC, MSI and
Walnut Street Securities.
Property
and Casualty Actions
Katrina-Related Litigation. There are a number
of lawsuits, including a few putative class actions and
“mass” actions, pending in Louisiana and Mississippi
against Metropolitan Property and Casualty Insurance Company
relating to Hurricane Katrina. The lawsuits include claims by
policyholders for coverage for damages stemming from Hurricane
Katrina, including for damages resulting from flooding or storm
surge. The deadline for filing actions in Louisiana has expired.
It is reasonably possible that additional actions will be filed
in other states. The Company intends to continue to defend
vigorously against these matters, although appropriate matters
may be resolved as part of the ordinary claims adjustment
process.
Shipley v. St. Paul Fire and Marine Ins. Co. and
Metropolitan Property and Casualty Ins. Co. (Ill. Cir. Ct.,
Madison County, filed February 26 and July 2,
2003). Two putative nationwide class actions have
been filed
33
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
against Metropolitan Property and Casualty Insurance Company in
Illinois. One suit claims breach of contract and fraud due to
the alleged underpayment of medical claims arising from the use
of a purportedly biased provider fee pricing system. A motion
for class certification has been filed and briefed and is
scheduled to be heard in August 2008. The second suit currently
alleges breach of contract arising from the alleged use of
preferred provider organizations to reduce medical provider fees
covered by the medical claims portion of the insurance policy. A
motion for class certification has been filed and briefed. A
third putative nationwide class action relating to the payment
of medical providers, Innovative Physical Therapy,
Inc. v. MetLife Auto & Home, et ano (D. N.J.,
filed November 12, 2007) has been filed against
Metropolitan Property and Casualty Insurance Company in federal
court in New Jersey. A motion to dismiss has been filed and
briefed. The Company is vigorously defending against the claims
in these matters.
Regulatory
Matters
The Company receives and responds to subpoenas or other
inquiries from state regulators, including state insurance
commissioners; state attorneys general or other state
governmental authorities; federal regulators, including the SEC;
federal governmental authorities, including congressional
committees; and the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority
seeking a broad range of information. The issues involved in
information requests and regulatory matters vary widely. Certain
regulators have requested information and documents regarding
contingent commission payments to brokers, the Company’s
awareness of any “sham” bids for business, bids and
quotes that the Company submitted to potential customers,
incentive agreements entered into with brokers, or compensation
paid to intermediaries. Regulators also have requested
information relating to market timing and late trading of mutual
funds and variable insurance products and, generally, the
marketing of products. The Company has received a subpoena from
the Office of the U.S. Attorney for the Southern District
of California asking for documents regarding the insurance
broker Universal Life Resources. The Company has been
cooperating fully with these inquiries.
In 2005, MSI received a notice from the Illinois Department of
Securities asserting possible violations of the Illinois
Securities Act in connection with sales of a former
affiliate’s mutual funds. A response has been submitted and
in January 2008, MSI received notice of the commencement of an
administrative action by the Illinois Department of Securities.
MSI has filed a motion to dismiss the action. MSI intends to
vigorously defend against the claims in this matter.
In June 2008, the Environmental Protection Agency issued a
Notice of Violation (“NOV”) regarding the operations
of EME Homer City Generation L.P. (“EME Homer”), an
electrical generation facility. The NOV alleges, among other
things, that EME Homer is in violation of certain federal and
state Clean Air Act requirements. Homer City 0L6 LLC, an entity
owned by MLIC, is a passive investor with a minority interest in
the electrical generation facility which is solely operated by
the lessee, EME Homer. EME Homer has been notified of its
obligation to indemnify Homer City 0L6 LLC and MLIC for any
claims resulting from the NOV.
Other
Litigation
In Re Ins. Brokerage Antitrust Litig. (D. N.J., filed
February 24, 2005). In this multi-district
proceeding, plaintiffs filed a class action complaint
consolidating claims from several separate actions that had been
filed in or transferred to the District of New Jersey in 2004
and 2005. The consolidated complaint alleged that the Holding
Company, MLIC, several non-affiliated insurance companies and
several insurance brokers violated the Racketeer Influenced and
Corrupt Organizations Act (“RICO”), the Employee
Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”), and
antitrust laws and committed other misconduct in the context of
providing insurance to employee benefit plans and to persons who
participate in such employee benefit plans. In August and
September 2007, the court issued orders granting
defendants’ motions to dismiss with prejudice the federal
antitrust and the RICO claims. In January 2008, the court issued
an order granting defendants’ summary judgment motion on
the ERISA claims, and in February 2008, the court dismissed the
remaining state law claims on jurisdictional grounds.
34
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
Plaintiffs have filed a notice of appeal of the court’s
decisions. A putative class action alleging that the Holding
Company and other non-affiliated defendants violated state laws
was transferred to the District of New Jersey but was not
consolidated with other related actions. Plaintiffs’ motion
to remand this action to state court in Florida is pending.
The American Dental Association, et al. v. MetLife Inc., et
al. (S.D. Fla., filed May 19, 2003). The
American Dental Association and three individual providers have
sued the Holding Company, MLIC and other non-affiliated
insurance companies in a putative class action lawsuit. The
plaintiffs purport to represent a nationwide class of
in-network
providers who allege that their claims are being wrongfully
reduced by downcoding, bundling, and the improper use and
programming of software. The complaint alleges federal
racketeering and various state law theories of liability. The
district court granted in part and denied in part the
Company’s motion to dismiss. The plaintiffs have filed an
amended complaint, and the Company has filed another motion to
dismiss.
Thomas, et al. v. Metropolitan Life Ins. Co., et al.
(W.D. Okla., filed January 31, 2007). A
putative class action complaint was filed against MLIC and MSI.
Plaintiffs assert legal theories of violations of the federal
securities laws and violations of state laws with respect to the
sale of certain proprietary products by the Company’s
agency distribution group. Plaintiffs seek rescission,
compensatory damages, interest, punitive damages and
attorneys’ fees and expenses. In January and May 2008, the
court issued orders granting the defendants’ motion to
dismiss in part, dismissing all of plaintiffs’ claims
except for claims under the Investment Advisers Act. The Company
is vigorously defending against the remaining claims in this
matter.
MLIC also has been named as a defendant in a number of welding
and mixed dust lawsuits filed in various state and federal
courts. The Company is continuing to vigorously defend against
these claims.
Summary
Putative or certified class action litigation and other
litigation and claims and assessments against the Company, in
addition to those discussed previously and those otherwise
provided for in the Company’s consolidated financial
statements, have arisen in the course of the Company’s
business, including, but not limited to, in connection with its
activities as an insurer, employer, investor, investment advisor
and taxpayer. Further, state insurance regulatory authorities
and other federal and state authorities regularly make inquiries
and conduct investigations concerning the Company’s
compliance with applicable insurance and other laws and
regulations.
It is not possible to predict the ultimate outcome of all
pending investigations and legal proceedings or provide
reasonable ranges of potential losses, except as noted
previously in connection with specific matters. In some of the
matters referred to previously, very large
and/or
indeterminate amounts, including punitive and treble damages,
are sought. Although in light of these considerations it is
possible that an adverse outcome in certain cases could have a
material adverse effect upon the Company’s financial
position, based on information currently known by the
Company’s management, in its opinion, the outcomes of such
pending investigations and legal proceedings are not likely to
have such an effect. However, given the large
and/or
indeterminate amounts sought in certain of these matters and the
inherent unpredictability of litigation, it is possible that an
adverse outcome in certain matters could, from time to time,
have a material adverse effect on the Company’s
consolidated net income or cash flows in particular quarterly or
annual periods.
Commitments
Commitments
to Fund Partnership Investments
The Company makes commitments to fund partnership investments in
the normal course of business. The amounts of these unfunded
commitments were $4.8 billion and $4.3 billion at
June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively. The
Company anticipates that these amounts will be invested in
partnerships over the next five years.
35
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
Mortgage
Loan Commitments
The Company commits to lend funds under mortgage loan
commitments. The amounts of these mortgage loan commitments were
$3.8 billion and $4.0 billion at June 30, 2008
and December 31, 2007, respectively.
Commitments
to Fund Bank Credit Facilities, Bridge Loans and Private
Corporate Bond Investments
The Company commits to lend funds under bank credit facilities,
bridge loans and private corporate bond investments. The amounts
of these unfunded commitments were $1.1 billion and
$1.2 billion at June 30, 2008 and December 31,
2007, respectively.
Guarantees
In the normal course of its business, the Company has provided
certain indemnities, guarantees and commitments to third parties
pursuant to which it may be required to make payments now or in
the future. In the context of acquisition, disposition,
investment and other transactions, the Company has provided
indemnities and guarantees, including those related to tax,
environmental and other specific liabilities, and other
indemnities and guarantees that are triggered by, among other
things, breaches of representations, warranties or covenants
provided by the Company. In addition, in the normal course of
business, the Company provides indemnifications to
counterparties in contracts with triggers similar to the
foregoing, as well as for certain other liabilities, such as
third party lawsuits. These obligations are often subject to
time limitations that vary in duration, including contractual
limitations and those that arise by operation of law, such as
applicable statutes of limitation. In some cases, the maximum
potential obligation under the indemnities and guarantees is
subject to a contractual limitation ranging from less than
$1 million to $800 million, with a cumulative maximum
of $2.4 billion, while in other cases such limitations are
not specified or applicable. Since certain of these obligations
are not subject to limitations, the Company does not believe
that it is possible to determine the maximum potential amount
that could become due under these guarantees in the future.
In addition, the Company indemnifies its directors and officers
as provided in its charters and by-laws. Also, the Company
indemnifies its agents for liabilities incurred as a result of
their representation of the Company’s interests. Since
these indemnities are generally not subject to limitation with
respect to duration or amount, the Company does not believe that
it is possible to determine the maximum potential amount that
could become due under these indemnities in the future.
The Company has also guaranteed minimum investment returns on
certain international retirement funds in accordance with local
laws. Since these guarantees are not subject to limitation with
respect to duration or amount, the Company does not believe that
it is possible to determine the maximum potential amount that
could become due under these guarantees in the future.
During the six months ended June 30, 2008, the Company
recorded $7 million of additional liabilities for
guarantees related to certain investment transactions. The term
for these liabilities varies, with a maximum of 18 years.
The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company
could be required to pay under these guarantees is
$225 million. The Company’s recorded liabilities were
$13 million and $6 million at June 30, 2008 and
December 31, 2007, respectively, for indemnities,
guarantees and commitments.
In connection with synthetically created investment
transactions, the Company writes credit default swap obligations
that generally require payment of principal outstanding due in
exchange for the referenced credit obligation. If a credit
event, as defined by the contract, occurs the Company’s
maximum amount at risk, assuming the value of the referenced
credits becomes worthless, was $1.9 billion at
June 30, 2008. The credit default swaps expire at various
times during the next eight years.
36
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
|
|
9.
|
Employee
Benefit Plans
|
Pension
and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans
Certain subsidiaries of the Holding Company (the
“Subsidiaries”) sponsor
and/or
administer various qualified and non-qualified defined benefit
pension plans and other postretirement employee benefit plans
covering employees and sales representatives who meet specified
eligibility requirements. Pension benefits are provided
utilizing either a traditional formula or cash balance formula.
The traditional formula provides benefits based upon years of
credited service and either final average or career average
earnings. As of June 30, 2008, virtually all of the
Subsidiaries’ obligations have been calculated using the
traditional formula. The cash balance formula utilizes
hypothetical or notional accounts, which credit participants
with benefits equal to a percentage of eligible pay, as well as
earnings credits, determined annually based upon the average
annual rate of interest on
30-year
U.S. Treasury securities, for each account balance. The
non-qualified pension plans provide supplemental benefits, in
excess of amounts permitted by governmental agencies, to certain
executive level employees.
The Subsidiaries also provide certain postemployment benefits
and certain postretirement medical and life insurance benefits
for retired employees. Employees of the Subsidiaries who were
hired prior to 2003 (or, in certain cases, rehired during or
after 2003) and meet age and service criteria while working
for one of the Subsidiaries, may become eligible for these other
postretirement benefits, at various levels, in accordance with
the applicable plans. Virtually all retirees, or their
beneficiaries, contribute a portion of the total cost of
postretirement medical benefits. Employees hired after 2003 are
not eligible for any employer subsidy for postretirement medical
benefits.
The Subsidiaries have issued group annuity and life insurance
contracts supporting approximately 98% of all pension and
postretirement employee benefit plan assets sponsored by the
Subsidiaries.
A December 31 measurement date is used for all of the
Subsidiaries’ defined benefit pension and other
postretirement benefit plans.
The components of net periodic benefit cost were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pension Benefits
|
|
|
Other Postretirement Benefits
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Service cost
|
|
$
|
41
|
|
|
$
|
42
|
|
|
$
|
84
|
|
|
$
|
83
|
|
|
$
|
5
|
|
|
$
|
7
|
|
|
$
|
11
|
|
|
$
|
14
|
|
Interest cost
|
|
|
95
|
|
|
|
88
|
|
|
|
192
|
|
|
|
178
|
|
|
|
26
|
|
|
|
26
|
|
|
|
52
|
|
|
|
52
|
|
Expected return on plan assets
|
|
|
(131
|
)
|
|
|
(126
|
)
|
|
|
(264
|
)
|
|
|
(254
|
)
|
|
|
(21
|
)
|
|
|
(22
|
)
|
|
|
(44
|
)
|
|
|
(44
|
)
|
Amortization of prior service cost (credit)
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
(9
|
)
|
|
|
(9
|
)
|
|
|
(18
|
)
|
|
|
(18
|
)
|
Amortization of net actuarial (gains) losses
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
17
|
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net periodic benefit cost
|
|
$
|
15
|
|
|
$
|
24
|
|
|
$
|
31
|
|
|
$
|
47
|
|
|
$
|
1
|
|
|
$
|
2
|
|
|
$
|
1
|
|
|
$
|
4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
37
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
The components of net periodic benefit cost amortized from
accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pension Benefits
|
|
|
Other Postretirement Benefits
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Amortization of prior service cost (credit)
|
|
$
|
4
|
|
|
$
|
3
|
|
|
$
|
8
|
|
|
$
|
6
|
|
|
$
|
(9
|
)
|
|
$
|
(9
|
)
|
|
$
|
(18
|
)
|
|
$
|
(18
|
)
|
Amortization of net actuarial (gains) losses
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
17
|
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subtotal
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
|
20
|
|
|
|
19
|
|
|
|
40
|
|
|
|
(9
|
)
|
|
|
(9
|
)
|
|
|
(18
|
)
|
|
|
(18
|
)
|
Deferred income tax
|
|
|
(3
|
)
|
|
|
(7
|
)
|
|
|
(7
|
)
|
|
|
(15
|
)
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Components of net periodic benefit cost amortized from
accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of income tax
|
|
$
|
7
|
|
|
$
|
13
|
|
|
$
|
12
|
|
|
$
|
25
|
|
|
$
|
(6
|
)
|
|
$
|
(6
|
)
|
|
$
|
(12
|
)
|
|
$
|
(12
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As disclosed in Note 17 of the Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements included in the 2007 Annual Report, the
Company expected to make, though no contributions were required
to be made, discretionary contributions of up to
$150 million to the Subsidiaries’ qualified pension
plans during 2008. The Company is evaluating making
discretionary contributions of up to $300 million to the
Subsidiaries’ qualified pension plans during 2008. As of
June 30, 2008, no discretionary contributions have yet been
made to those plans. The Company funds benefit payments for its
non-qualified pension and other postretirement plans as due
through its general assets.
Preferred
Stock
Information on the declaration, record and payment dates, as
well as per share and aggregate dividend amounts, for the
Company’s Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock,
Series A and 6.50% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock,
Series B is as follows for the six months ended
June 30, 2008 and 2007:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dividend
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Series A
|
|
|
Series A
|
|
|
Series B
|
|
|
Series B
|
|
Declaration Date
|
|
Record Date
|
|
Payment Date
|
|
Per Share
|
|
|
Aggregate
|
|
|
Per Share
|
|
|
Aggregate
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions, except per share data)
|
|
|
May 15, 2008
|
|
May 31, 2008
|
|
June 16, 2008
|
|
$
|
0.2555555
|
|
|
$
|
7
|
|
|
$
|
0.4062500
|
|
|
$
|
24
|
|
March 5, 2008
|
|
February 29, 2008
|
|
March 17, 2008
|
|
$
|
0.3785745
|
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
$
|
0.4062500
|
|
|
|
24
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
16
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
48
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
May 15, 2007
|
|
May 31, 2007
|
|
June 15, 2007
|
|
$
|
0.4060062
|
|
|
$
|
10
|
|
|
$
|
0.4062500
|
|
|
$
|
24
|
|
March 5, 2007
|
|
February 28, 2007
|
|
March 15, 2007
|
|
$
|
0.3975000
|
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
$
|
0.4062500
|
|
|
|
24
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
20
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
48
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See Note 18 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements included in the 2007 Annual Report for further
information.
38
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
Common
Stock
At January 1, 2007, the Company had $216 million
remaining under its October 2004 stock repurchase program
authorization. In February 2007, the Company’s Board of
Directors authorized an additional $1 billion common stock
repurchase program which began after the completion of the
$1 billion common stock repurchase program authorized in
October 2004. In September 2007, the Company’s Board of
Directors authorized an additional $1 billion common stock
repurchase program which began after the completion of the
February 2007 program. In January 2008, the Company’s Board
of Directors authorized an additional $1 billion common
stock repurchase program, which began after the completion of
the September 2007 program. In April 2008, the Company’s
Board of Directors authorized an additional $1 billion
common stock repurchase program, which will begin after the
completion of the January 2008 program. Under these
authorizations, the Company may purchase its common stock from
the MetLife Policyholder Trust, in the open market (including
pursuant to the terms of a pre-set trading plan meeting the
requirements of
Rule 10b5-1
under the Exchange Act) and in privately negotiated
transactions.
In February 2008, the Company entered into an accelerated common
stock repurchase agreement with a major bank. Under the
agreement, the Company paid the bank $711 million in cash
and the bank delivered an initial amount of 11.2 million
shares of the Company’s outstanding common stock that the
bank borrowed from third parties. In May 2008, the bank
delivered 0.9 million additional shares of the
Company’s common stock to the Company resulting in a total
of 12.1 million shares being repurchased under the
agreement. The Company recorded the shares repurchased as
treasury stock.
In December 2007, the Company entered into an accelerated common
stock repurchase agreement with a major bank. Under the terms of
the agreement, the Company paid the bank $450 million in
cash in January 2008 in exchange for 6.6 million shares of
the Company’s outstanding common stock that the bank
borrowed from third parties. Also in January 2008, the bank
delivered 1.1 million additional shares of the
Company’s common stock to the Company resulting in a total
of 7.7 million shares being repurchased under the
agreement. At December 31, 2007, the Company recorded the
obligation to pay $450 million to the bank as a reduction
of additional paid-in capital. Upon settlement with the bank,
the Company increased additional paid-in capital and treasury
stock.
In November 2007, the Company repurchased 11.6 million
shares of its outstanding common stock at an initial cost of
$750 million under an accelerated common stock repurchase
agreement with a major bank. The bank borrowed the stock sold to
the Company from third parties and purchased the common stock in
the open market to return to such third parties. Also, in
November 2007, the Company received a cash adjustment of
$19 million based on the trading prices of the common stock
during the repurchase period, for a final purchase price of
$731 million. The Company recorded the shares initially
repurchased as treasury stock and recorded the amount received
as an adjustment to the cost of the treasury stock.
In March 2007, the Company repurchased 11.9 million shares
of its outstanding common stock at an aggregate cost of
$750 million under an accelerated common stock repurchase
agreement with a major bank. The bank borrowed the common stock
sold to the Company from third parties and purchased common
stock in the open market to return to such third parties. In
June 2007, the Company paid a cash adjustment of
$17 million for a final purchase price of
$767 million. The Company recorded the shares initially
repurchased as treasury stock and recorded the amount paid as an
adjustment to the cost of the treasury stock.
In December 2006, the Company repurchased 4.0 million
shares of its outstanding common stock at an aggregate cost of
$232 million under an accelerated common stock repurchase
agreement with a major bank. The bank borrowed the common stock
sold to the Company from third parties and purchased the common
stock in the open market to return to such third parties. In
February 2007, the Company paid a cash adjustment of
$8 million for a final purchase price of $240 million.
The Company recorded the shares initially repurchased as
treasury stock and recorded the amount paid as an adjustment to
the cost of the treasury stock.
39
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
The Company repurchased 1.5 million shares through open
market purchases for $89 million during the six months
ended June 30, 2008. The Company also repurchased
3.1 million shares through open market purchases for
$200 million during the year ended December 31, 2007.
The Company repurchased 21.3 million and 11.9 million
shares of its common stock for $1.3 billion and
$767 million during the six months ended June 30, 2008
and 2007, respectively. During the six months ended
June 30, 2008 and 2007, 1.8 million and
2.7 million shares of common stock were issued from
treasury stock for $93 million and $118 million,
respectively. At June 30, 2008, an aggregate of
$1.3 billion remains on the Company’s January and
April 2008 common stock repurchase programs.
Stock-Based
Compensation Plans
Description
of Plans
The MetLife, Inc. 2000 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended (the
“Stock Incentive Plan”), authorized the granting of
awards in the form of options to buy shares of the
Company’s common stock (“Stock Options”) that
either qualify as incentive Stock Options under
Section 422A of the Internal Revenue Code or are
non-qualified. The MetLife, Inc. 2000 Directors Stock Plan,
as amended (the “Directors Stock Plan”), authorized
the granting of awards in the form of the Company’s common
stock, non-qualified Stock Options, or a combination of the
foregoing to outside Directors of the Company. Under the
MetLife, Inc. 2005 Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan, as
amended (the “2005 Stock Plan”), awards granted may be
in the form of Stock Options, Stock Appreciation Rights,
Restricted Stock or Restricted Stock Units, Performance Shares
or Performance Share Units, Cash-Based Awards, and Stock-Based
Awards (each as defined in the 2005 Stock Plan). Under the
MetLife, Inc. 2005 Non-Management Director Stock Compensation
Plan (the “2005 Directors Stock Plan”), awards
granted may be in the form of non-qualified Stock Options, Stock
Appreciation Rights, Restricted Stock or Restricted Stock Units,
or Stock-Based Awards (each as defined in the
2005 Directors Stock Plan). The Stock Incentive Plan,
Directors Stock Plan, 2005 Stock Plan and the
2005 Directors Stock Plan, are hereinafter collectively
referred to as the “Incentive Plans.”
As of June 30, 2008, the aggregate number of shares
remaining available for issuance pursuant to the 2005 Stock Plan
and the 2005 Directors Stock Plan was 55,712,969 and
1,894,876, respectively.
Compensation expense of $22 million and $75 million,
and income tax benefits of $7 million and $26 million,
related to the Incentive Plans was recognized for the three
months and six months ended June 30, 2008, respectively.
Compensation expense of $35 million and $94 million,
and income tax benefits of $12 million and
$33 million, related to the Incentive Plans was recognized
for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2007,
respectively. Compensation expense is principally related to the
issuance of Stock Options and Performance Shares. The majority
of awards granted by the Company are made in the first quarter
of each year. As a result of the Company’s policy of
recognizing stock-based compensation over the shorter of the
stated requisite service period or period until attainment of
retirement eligibility, a greater proportion of the aggregate
fair value for awards granted on or after January 1, 2006
is recognized immediately on the grant date.
Stock
Options
All Stock Options granted had an exercise price equal to the
closing price of the Company’s common stock as reported on
the New York Stock Exchange on the date of grant, and have a
maximum term of ten years. Certain Stock Options granted under
the Stock Incentive Plan and the 2005 Stock Plan have or will
become exercisable over a three year period commencing with the
date of grant, while other Stock Options have or will become
exercisable three years after the date of grant. Stock Options
issued under the Directors Stock Plan were exercisable
immediately. The date at which a Stock Option issued under the
2005 Directors Stock Plan becomes exercisable is determined
at the time such Stock Option is granted.
40
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
During the six months ended June 30, 2008, the Company
granted 3,258,775 Stock Option awards with a weighted average
exercise price of $60.50 for which the total fair value on the
date of grant was $58 million. The number of Stock Options
outstanding as of June 30, 2008 was 26,564,420 with a
weighted average exercise price of $41.57.
Compensation expense of $10 million and $31 million
related to Stock Options was recognized for the three months and
six months ended June 30, 2008, respectively, and
$10 million and $34 million related to Stock Options
was recognized for the three months and six months ended
June 30, 2007, respectively.
As of June 30, 2008, there was $59 million of total
unrecognized compensation costs related to Stock Options. It is
expected that these costs will be recognized over a weighted
average period of 2.09 years.
Performance
Shares
Beginning in 2005, certain members of management were awarded
Performance Shares under (and as defined in) the 2005 Stock
Plan. Participants are awarded an initial target number of
Performance Shares with the final number of Performance Shares
payable being determined by the product of the initial target
multiplied by a factor of 0.0 to 2.0. The factor applied is
based on measurements of the Company’s performance with
respect to: (i) the change in annual net operating earnings
per share, as defined; and (ii) the proportionate total
shareholder return, as defined, with reference to the three-year
performance period relative to other companies in the S&P
Insurance Index with reference to the same three-year period.
Performance Share awards will normally vest in their entirety at
the end of the three-year performance period (subject to certain
contingencies) and will be payable entirely in shares of the
Company’s common stock.
During the six months ended June 30, 2008, the Company
granted 926,225 Performance Share awards for which the total
fair value on the date of grant was $54 million. The number
of Performance Shares outstanding as of June 30, 2008 was
2,605,600 with a weighted average fair value of $55.94. These
amounts represent aggregate initial target awards and do not
reflect potential increases or decreases resulting from the
final performance factor to be determined following the end of
the respective performance period. The three-year performance
period associated with the Performance Shares awarded for 2005
was completed effective December 31, 2007. The final
performance factor applied to the 968,425 Performance Shares
associated with the 2005 grant outstanding as of
December 31, 2007 were settled in the amount of
1,936,850 shares of the Company’s common stock on
April 30, 2008.
Compensation expense of $12 million and $44 million
related to Performance Shares was recognized for the three
months and six months ended June 30, 2008, respectively,
and $25 million and $60 million related to Performance
Shares was recognized for the three months and six months ended
June 30, 2007, respectively.
As of June 30, 2008, there was $83 million of total
unrecognized compensation costs related to Performance Share
awards. It is expected that these costs will be recognized over
a weighted average period of 1.96 years.
41
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
The components of comprehensive income (loss) are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$
|
946
|
|
|
$
|
1,163
|
|
|
$
|
1,594
|
|
|
$
|
2,180
|
|
Other comprehensive income (loss):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net of
income tax
|
|
|
27
|
|
|
|
(13
|
)
|
|
|
(33
|
)
|
|
|
(27
|
)
|
Unrealized investment gains (losses), net of related offsets and
income tax
|
|
|
(1,436
|
)
|
|
|
(1,767
|
)
|
|
|
(3,624
|
)
|
|
|
(1,502
|
)
|
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of income tax
|
|
|
(73
|
)
|
|
|
79
|
|
|
|
80
|
|
|
|
106
|
|
Defined benefit plans adjustment, net of income tax
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other comprehensive income (loss):
|
|
|
(1,481
|
)
|
|
|
(1,694
|
)
|
|
|
(3,577
|
)
|
|
|
(1,410
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Comprehensive income (loss)
|
|
$
|
(535
|
)
|
|
$
|
(531
|
)
|
|
$
|
(1,983
|
)
|
|
$
|
770
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Information on other expenses is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Compensation
|
|
$
|
899
|
|
|
$
|
898
|
|
|
$
|
1,751
|
|
|
$
|
1,764
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commissions
|
|
|
1,117
|
|
|
|
987
|
|
|
|
2,182
|
|
|
|
1,912
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest and debt issue costs
|
|
|
298
|
|
|
|
267
|
|
|
|
617
|
|
|
|
519
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amortization of DAC and VOBA
|
|
|
641
|
|
|
|
699
|
|
|
|
1,056
|
|
|
|
1,479
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capitalization of DAC
|
|
|
(1,009
|
)
|
|
|
(944
|
)
|
|
|
(1,820
|
)
|
|
|
(1,795
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
Rent, net of sublease income
|
|
|
93
|
|
|
|
77
|
|
|
|
183
|
|
|
|
151
|
|
|
|
|
|
Minority interest
|
|
|
81
|
|
|
|
53
|
|
|
|
102
|
|
|
|
137
|
|
|
|
|
|
Insurance tax
|
|
|
196
|
|
|
|
182
|
|
|
|
387
|
|
|
|
363
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
647
|
|
|
|
615
|
|
|
|
1,181
|
|
|
|
1,200
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total other expenses
|
|
$
|
2,963
|
|
|
$
|
2,834
|
|
|
$
|
5,639
|
|
|
$
|
5,730
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
42
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
|
|
12.
|
Earnings
Per Common Share
|
The following table presents the weighted average shares used in
calculating basic earnings per common share and those used in
calculating diluted earnings per common share for each income
category presented below:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions, except share and per share data)
|
|
|
Weighted average common stock outstanding
for basic earnings per common share
|
|
|
712,837,796
|
|
|
|
744,491,940
|
|
|
|
716,011,791
|
|
|
|
748,444,029
|
|
Incremental common shares from assumed:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stock purchase contracts underlying common equity units
|
|
|
4,334,366
|
|
|
|
7,493,935
|
|
|
|
3,966,168
|
|
|
|
6,733,685
|
|
Exercise or issuance of stock-based awards
|
|
|
9,362,352
|
|
|
|
11,570,435
|
|
|
|
8,874,825
|
|
|
|
10,852,822
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average common stock outstanding
for diluted earnings per common share
|
|
|
726,534,514
|
|
|
|
763,556,310
|
|
|
|
728,852,784
|
|
|
|
766,030,536
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Earnings per common share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations
|
|
$
|
945
|
|
|
$
|
1,155
|
|
|
$
|
1,594
|
|
|
$
|
2,181
|
|
Preferred stock dividends
|
|
|
31
|
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
|
64
|
|
|
|
68
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations available to common
shareholders
|
|
$
|
914
|
|
|
$
|
1,121
|
|
|
$
|
1,530
|
|
|
$
|
2,113
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
$
|
1.28
|
|
|
$
|
1.51
|
|
|
$
|
2.14
|
|
|
$
|
2.82
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
$
|
1.26
|
|
|
$
|
1.47
|
|
|
$
|
2.10
|
|
|
$
|
2.76
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$
|
946
|
|
|
$
|
1,163
|
|
|
$
|
1,594
|
|
|
$
|
2,180
|
|
Preferred stock dividends
|
|
|
31
|
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
|
64
|
|
|
|
68
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income available to common shareholders
|
|
$
|
915
|
|
|
$
|
1,129
|
|
|
$
|
1,530
|
|
|
$
|
2,112
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
$
|
1.28
|
|
|
$
|
1.52
|
|
|
$
|
2.14
|
|
|
$
|
2.82
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
$
|
1.26
|
|
|
$
|
1.48
|
|
|
$
|
2.10
|
|
|
$
|
2.76
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Company distributed and sold 82.8 million 6.375% common
equity units for $2,070 million in proceeds in a registered
public offering on June 21, 2005. These common equity units
include stock purchase contracts issued by the Company. The
stock purchase contracts are reflected in diluted earnings per
common share using the treasury stock method, and are dilutive
when the average closing price of the Company’s common
stock for each of the 20 trading days before the close of the
accounting period is greater than or equal to the threshold
appreciation price of $53.10. During the periods ended
June 30, 2008 and 2007, the average closing price for each
of the 20 trading days before June 30, 2008 and 2007, was
greater than the threshold appreciation price. Accordingly, the
stock purchase contracts were included in diluted earnings per
common share. See Note 13 of the Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements included in the 2007 Annual Report for a
description of the common equity units.
43
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
|
|
13.
|
Business
Segment Information
|
The Company is a leading provider of insurance and other
financial services with operations throughout the United States
and the regions of Latin America, Europe, and Asia Pacific. The
Company’s business is divided into five operating segments:
Institutional, Individual, Auto & Home, International
and Reinsurance, as well as Corporate & Other. These
segments are managed separately because they either provide
different products and services, require different strategies or
have different technology requirements.
Institutional offers a broad range of group insurance and
retirement & savings products and services, including
group life insurance, non-medical health insurance, such as
short and long-term disability, long-term care, and dental
insurance, and other insurance products and services. Individual
offers a wide variety of protection and asset accumulation
products, including life insurance, annuities and mutual funds.
Auto & Home provides personal lines property and
casualty insurance, including private passenger automobile,
homeowners and personal excess liability insurance.
International provides life insurance, accident and health
insurance, annuities and retirement & savings products
to both individuals and groups. Through the Company’s
majority-owned subsidiary, RGA, the Reinsurance segment provides
reinsurance of life and annuity policies in North America and
various international markets. Additionally, reinsurance of
critical illness policies is provided in select international
markets. As described more fully in Note 2, the Company and
RGA have entered into an agreement to execute a tax-free
split-off transaction to be effectuated through an exchange
offer. As RGA represents the entirety of the Reinsurance
segment, a successful exchange offer would eliminate this
operating segment.
Corporate & Other contains the excess capital not
allocated to the business segments, various
start-up
entities, including MetLife Bank and run-off entities, as well
as interest expense related to the majority of the
Company’s outstanding debt and expenses associated with
certain legal proceedings and income tax audit issues.
Corporate & Other also includes the elimination of all
intersegment amounts, which generally relate to intersegment
loans, which bear interest rates commensurate with related
borrowings, as well as intersegment transactions. Additionally,
the Company’s asset management business, including amounts
reported as discontinued operations, is included in the results
of operations for Corporate & Other. See Note 14
for disclosures regarding discontinued operations, including
real estate.
Economic capital is an internally developed risk capital model,
the purpose of which is to measure the risk in the business and
to provide a basis upon which capital is deployed. The economic
capital model accounts for the unique and specific nature of the
risks inherent in MetLife’s businesses. As a part of the
economic capital process, a portion of net investment income is
credited to the segments based on the level of allocated equity.
Set forth in the tables below is certain financial information
with respect to the Company’s segments, as well as
Corporate & Other, for the three months and six months
ended June 30, 2008 and 2007. The accounting policies of
the segments are the same as those of the Company, except for
the method of capital allocation and the accounting for gains
(losses) from intercompany sales, which are eliminated in
consolidation. The Company allocates equity to each segment
based upon the economic capital model that allows the Company to
effectively manage its capital. The Company evaluates the
performance of each segment based upon net income, excluding net
investment gains (losses), net of income tax, adjustments
related to net investment gains (losses), net of income tax, the
impact from the cumulative effect of changes in accounting, net
of income tax and discontinued operations, other than
discontinued real estate, net of income tax, less preferred
stock dividends. The Company allocates certain non-recurring
items, such as expenses associated with certain legal
proceedings, to Corporate & Other.
44
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Auto &
|
|
|
|
|
|
Corporate &
|
|
|
|
|
For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2008
|
|
Institutional
|
|
Individual
|
|
|
International
|
|
|
Home
|
|
|
Reinsurance
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Statement of Income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Premiums
|
|
$
|
3,597
|
|
$
|
1,071
|
|
|
$
|
920
|
|
|
$
|
743
|
|
|
$
|
1,359
|
|
|
$
|
11
|
|
|
$
|
7,701
|
|
Universal life and investment-type product policy fees
|
|
|
210
|
|
|
917
|
|
|
|
294
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1,421
|
|
Net investment income
|
|
|
1,972
|
|
|
1,702
|
|
|
|
356
|
|
|
|
50
|
|
|
|
246
|
|
|
|
258
|
|
|
|
4,584
|
|
Other revenues
|
|
|
172
|
|
|
155
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
|
23
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
371
|
|
Net investment gains (losses)
|
|
|
98
|
|
|
(260
|
)
|
|
|
(136
|
)
|
|
|
(13
|
)
|
|
|
(6
|
)
|
|
|
(45
|
)
|
|
|
(362
|
)
|
Policyholder benefits and claims
|
|
|
4,016
|
|
|
1,409
|
|
|
|
620
|
|
|
|
539
|
|
|
|
1,117
|
|
|
|
14
|
|
|
|
7,715
|
|
Interest credited to policyholder account balances
|
|
|
613
|
|
|
500
|
|
|
|
89
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
63
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1,265
|
|
Policyholder dividends
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
442
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
446
|
|
Other expenses
|
|
|
593
|
|
|
939
|
|
|
|
471
|
|
|
|
203
|
|
|
|
356
|
|
|
|
401
|
|
|
|
2,963
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations before provision for income tax
|
|
|
827
|
|
|
295
|
|
|
|
258
|
|
|
|
45
|
|
|
|
86
|
|
|
|
(185
|
)
|
|
|
1,326
|
|
Provision for income tax
|
|
|
279
|
|
|
96
|
|
|
|
85
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
31
|
|
|
|
(112
|
)
|
|
|
381
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations
|
|
|
548
|
|
|
199
|
|
|
|
173
|
|
|
|
43
|
|
|
|
55
|
|
|
|
(73
|
)
|
|
|
945
|
|
Income from discontinued operations, net of income tax
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$
|
549
|
|
$
|
199
|
|
|
$
|
173
|
|
|
$
|
43
|
|
|
$
|
55
|
|
|
$
|
(73
|
)
|
|
$
|
946
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Auto &
|
|
|
|
|
Corporate &
|
|
|
|
|
For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2007
|
|
Institutional
|
|
|
Individual
|
|
|
International
|
|
|
Home
|
|
Reinsurance
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Statement of Income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Premiums
|
|
$
|
3,074
|
|
|
$
|
1,098
|
|
|
$
|
777
|
|
|
$
|
738
|
|
$
|
1,208
|
|
|
$
|
8
|
|
|
$
|
6,903
|
|
Universal life and investment-type product policy fees
|
|
|
186
|
|
|
|
880
|
|
|
|
241
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1,307
|
|
Net investment income
|
|
|
2,087
|
|
|
|
1,805
|
|
|
|
271
|
|
|
|
49
|
|
|
266
|
|
|
|
357
|
|
|
|
4,835
|
|
Other revenues
|
|
|
177
|
|
|
|
155
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
19
|
|
|
|
49
|
|
|
|
411
|
|
Net investment gains (losses)
|
|
|
(206
|
)
|
|
|
(78
|
)
|
|
|
20
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(14
|
)
|
|
|
39
|
|
|
|
(239
|
)
|
Policyholder benefits and claims
|
|
|
3,385
|
|
|
|
1,395
|
|
|
|
639
|
|
|
|
446
|
|
|
979
|
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
|
6,855
|
|
Interest credited to policyholder account balances
|
|
|
772
|
|
|
|
495
|
|
|
|
81
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
117
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1,465
|
|
Policyholder dividends
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
432
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
432
|
|
Other expenses
|
|
|
618
|
|
|
|
981
|
|
|
|
389
|
|
|
|
204
|
|
|
329
|
|
|
|
313
|
|
|
|
2,834
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations before provision for income tax
|
|
|
543
|
|
|
|
557
|
|
|
|
203
|
|
|
|
145
|
|
|
54
|
|
|
|
129
|
|
|
|
1,631
|
|
Provision for income tax
|
|
|
183
|
|
|
|
190
|
|
|
|
60
|
|
|
|
36
|
|
|
20
|
|
|
|
(13
|
)
|
|
|
476
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations
|
|
|
360
|
|
|
|
367
|
|
|
|
143
|
|
|
|
109
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
|
142
|
|
|
|
1,155
|
|
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income tax
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(16
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
22
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$
|
362
|
|
|
$
|
367
|
|
|
$
|
127
|
|
|
$
|
109
|
|
$
|
34
|
|
|
$
|
164
|
|
|
$
|
1,163
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
45
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Auto &
|
|
|
|
|
|
Corporate &
|
|
|
|
|
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2008
|
|
Institutional
|
|
|
Individual
|
|
|
International
|
|
|
Home
|
|
|
Reinsurance
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Statement of Income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Premiums
|
|
$
|
7,170
|
|
|
$
|
2,138
|
|
|
$
|
1,824
|
|
|
$
|
1,487
|
|
|
$
|
2,657
|
|
|
$
|
18
|
|
|
$
|
15,294
|
|
Universal life and investment-type product policy fees
|
|
|
434
|
|
|
|
1,820
|
|
|
|
584
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
2,838
|
|
Net investment income
|
|
|
4,001
|
|
|
|
3,399
|
|
|
|
625
|
|
|
|
103
|
|
|
|
435
|
|
|
|
528
|
|
|
|
9,091
|
|
Other revenues
|
|
|
362
|
|
|
|
303
|
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
|
19
|
|
|
|
53
|
|
|
|
16
|
|
|
|
766
|
|
Net investment gains (losses)
|
|
|
(633
|
)
|
|
|
(363
|
)
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
(24
|
)
|
|
|
(162
|
)
|
|
|
(65
|
)
|
|
|
(1,248
|
)
|
Policyholder benefits and claims
|
|
|
7,928
|
|
|
|
2,786
|
|
|
|
1,446
|
|
|
|
1,017
|
|
|
|
2,257
|
|
|
|
24
|
|
|
|
15,458
|
|
Interest credited to policyholder account balances
|
|
|
1,297
|
|
|
|
1,006
|
|
|
|
136
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
137
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
2,576
|
|
Policyholder dividends
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
869
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
876
|
|
Other expenses
|
|
|
1,167
|
|
|
|
1,927
|
|
|
|
899
|
|
|
|
407
|
|
|
|
485
|
|
|
|
754
|
|
|
|
5,639
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations before provision for income tax
|
|
|
942
|
|
|
|
709
|
|
|
|
560
|
|
|
|
158
|
|
|
|
104
|
|
|
|
(281
|
)
|
|
|
2,192
|
|
Provision for income tax
|
|
|
310
|
|
|
|
233
|
|
|
|
201
|
|
|
|
24
|
|
|
|
37
|
|
|
|
(207
|
)
|
|
|
598
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations
|
|
|
632
|
|
|
|
476
|
|
|
|
359
|
|
|
|
134
|
|
|
|
67
|
|
|
|
(74
|
)
|
|
|
1,594
|
|
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income tax
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$
|
633
|
|
|
$
|
475
|
|
|
$
|
359
|
|
|
$
|
134
|
|
|
$
|
67
|
|
|
$
|
(74
|
)
|
|
$
|
1,594
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Auto &
|
|
|
|
|
Corporate &
|
|
|
|
|
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2007
|
|
Institutional
|
|
|
Individual
|
|
|
International
|
|
|
Home
|
|
Reinsurance
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Statement of Income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Premiums
|
|
$
|
6,199
|
|
|
$
|
2,173
|
|
|
$
|
1,492
|
|
|
$
|
1,454
|
|
$
|
2,334
|
|
|
$
|
16
|
|
|
$
|
13,668
|
|
Universal life and investment-type product policy fees
|
|
|
377
|
|
|
|
1,733
|
|
|
|
477
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
2,587
|
|
Net investment income
|
|
|
4,001
|
|
|
|
3,537
|
|
|
|
521
|
|
|
|
97
|
|
|
472
|
|
|
|
727
|
|
|
|
9,355
|
|
Other revenues
|
|
|
367
|
|
|
|
301
|
|
|
|
16
|
|
|
|
19
|
|
|
37
|
|
|
|
55
|
|
|
|
795
|
|
Net investment gains (losses)
|
|
|
(294
|
)
|
|
|
(63
|
)
|
|
|
44
|
|
|
|
12
|
|
|
(20
|
)
|
|
|
44
|
|
|
|
(277
|
)
|
Policyholder benefits and claims
|
|
|
6,860
|
|
|
|
2,758
|
|
|
|
1,231
|
|
|
|
876
|
|
|
1,881
|
|
|
|
22
|
|
|
|
13,628
|
|
Interest credited to policyholder account balances
|
|
|
1,498
|
|
|
|
1,002
|
|
|
|
159
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
182
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
2,841
|
|
Policyholder dividends
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
854
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
856
|
|
Other expenses
|
|
|
1,218
|
|
|
|
2,030
|
|
|
|
776
|
|
|
|
406
|
|
|
654
|
|
|
|
646
|
|
|
|
5,730
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations before provision for income tax
|
|
|
1,074
|
|
|
|
1,037
|
|
|
|
383
|
|
|
|
299
|
|
|
106
|
|
|
|
174
|
|
|
|
3,073
|
|
Provision for income tax
|
|
|
363
|
|
|
|
355
|
|
|
|
109
|
|
|
|
77
|
|
|
38
|
|
|
|
(50
|
)
|
|
|
892
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations
|
|
|
711
|
|
|
|
682
|
|
|
|
274
|
|
|
|
222
|
|
|
68
|
|
|
|
224
|
|
|
|
2,181
|
|
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income tax
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(47
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
39
|
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$
|
718
|
|
|
$
|
682
|
|
|
$
|
227
|
|
|
$
|
222
|
|
$
|
68
|
|
|
$
|
263
|
|
|
$
|
2,180
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
46
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
The following table presents total assets with respect to the
Company’s segments, as well as Corporate & Other,
at:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Institutional
|
|
$
|
204,087
|
|
|
$
|
204,005
|
|
Individual
|
|
|
242,946
|
|
|
|
250,691
|
|
International
|
|
|
28,781
|
|
|
|
26,357
|
|
Auto & Home
|
|
|
5,646
|
|
|
|
5,672
|
|
Reinsurance
|
|
|
22,044
|
|
|
|
21,331
|
|
Corporate & Other
|
|
|
52,283
|
|
|
|
50,506
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
555,787
|
|
|
$
|
558,562
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net investment income and net investment gains (losses) are
based upon the actual results of each segment’s
specifically identifiable asset portfolio adjusted for allocated
equity. Other costs are allocated to each of the segments based
upon: (i) a review of the nature of such costs;
(ii) time studies analyzing the amount of employee
compensation costs incurred by each segment; and (iii) cost
estimates included in the Company’s product pricing.
Revenues derived from any customer did not exceed 10% of
consolidated revenues for the three months and six months ended
June 30, 2008 and 2007. Revenues from U.S. operations
were $11.6 billion and $22.3 billion for the three
months and six months ended June 30, 2008, respectively,
which represented 85% and 83%, respectively, of consolidated
revenues. Revenues from U.S. operations were
$11.4 billion and $22.6 billion for the three months
and six months ended June 30, 2007, respectively, which
both represented 86% of consolidated revenues.
|
|
14.
|
Discontinued
Operations
|
Real
Estate
The Company actively manages its real estate portfolio with the
objective of maximizing earnings through selective acquisitions
and dispositions. Income related to real estate classified as
held-for-sale or sold is presented in discontinued operations.
These assets are carried at the lower of depreciated cost or
fair value less expected disposition costs.
The following information presents the components of income from
discontinued real estate operations:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Investment income
|
|
$
|
2
|
|
|
$
|
2
|
|
|
$
|
3
|
|
|
$
|
10
|
|
Investment expense
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(2
|
)
|
|
|
(4
|
)
|
Net investment gains (losses)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
11
|
|
Provision for income tax
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from discontinued operations, net of income tax
|
|
$
|
1
|
|
|
$
|
1
|
|
|
$
|
1
|
|
|
$
|
7
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The carrying value of real estate related to discontinued
operations was $34 million at both June 30, 2008 and
December 31, 2007.
47
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
The following table presents the discontinued real estate
operations by segment:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Net investment income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Institutional
|
|
$
|
2
|
|
|
$
|
3
|
|
|
$
|
2
|
|
|
$
|
6
|
|
Individual
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
Corporate & Other
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total net investment income
|
|
$
|
2
|
|
|
$
|
2
|
|
|
$
|
1
|
|
|
$
|
6
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net investment gains (losses)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Institutional
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
5
|
|
Individual
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Corporate & Other
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total net investment gains (losses)
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operations
On August 31, 2007, MetLife Insurance Limited
(“MetLife Australia”) completed the sale of its
annuities and pension businesses to a third party for
$25 million in cash consideration resulting in a gain upon
disposal of $41 million, net of income tax. The Company
reclassified the assets and liabilities of the annuities and
pension businesses within MetLife Australia, which is reported
in the International segment, to assets and liabilities of
subsidiaries held-for-sale and the operations of the business to
discontinued operations for all periods presented. Included
within the assets to be sold were certain fixed maturity
securities in a loss position for which the Company recognized a
net investment loss on a consolidated basis of $7 million
and $41 million, net of income tax, for the three months
and six months ended June 30, 2007, respectively, because
the Company no longer had the intent to hold such securities.
The following table presents the amounts related to the
operations and financial position of MetLife Australia’s
annuities and pension businesses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
|
June 30, 2007
|
|
|
June 30, 2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Revenues
|
|
$
|
27
|
|
|
$
|
52
|
|
Expenses
|
|
|
26
|
|
|
|
47
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income before provision for income tax
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
5
|
|
Provision for income tax
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from discontinued operations, net of income tax
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
Net investment gain (loss), net of income tax
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
(28
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income tax
|
|
$
|
7
|
|
|
$
|
(24
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
On January 31, 2005, the Company completed the sale of SSRM
Holdings, Inc. (“SSRM”) to a third party. The Company
reported the operations of SSRM in discontinued operations.
Under the terms of the sale agreement, MetLife has had an
opportunity to receive additional payments based on, among other
things, certain revenue retention and growth measures. The
purchase price is also subject to reduction over five years,
depending on retention of certain MetLife-related business. In
the second quarter of 2008, the Company paid $3 million,
net of
48
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
income tax, of which $2 million was accrued in the fourth
quarter of 2007, related to the termination of certain
MetLife-related business. In the first quarter of 2007, the
Company received a payment of $16 million, net of income
tax, as a result of the revenue retention and growth measure
provision in the sales agreement.
Assets
and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value
Recurring
Fair Value Measurements
The fair value of the Company’s financial instruments which
are measured at fair value in the consolidated financial
statements is estimated as follows:
|
|
|
|
•
|
Fixed Maturity, Equity and Trading Securities and Short-Term
Investments — When available, the estimated fair
value of the Company’s fixed maturity, equity and trading
securities as well as certain short-term investments are based
on quoted prices in active markets that are readily and
regularly obtainable. Generally, these are the most liquid of
the Company’s securities holdings and valuation of these
securities does not involve management judgment.
|
When quoted prices in active markets are not available, the
determination of estimated fair value is based on market
standard valuation methodologies. The market standard valuation
methodologies utilized include: discounted cash flow
methodologies, matrix pricing or other similar techniques. The
assumptions and inputs in applying these market standard
valuation methodologies include, but are not limited to:
interest rates, credit standing of the issuer or counterparty,
industry sector of the issuer, coupon rate, call provisions,
sinking fund requirements, maturity, estimated duration and
management’s assumptions regarding liquidity and estimated
future cash flows. Accordingly, the estimated fair values are
based on available market information and management’s
judgments about financial instruments.
The significant inputs to the market standard valuation
methodologies for certain types of securities with reasonable
levels of price transparency are inputs that are observable in
the market or can be derived principally from or corroborated by
observable market data. Such observable inputs include
benchmarking prices for similar assets in active, liquid
markets, quoted prices in markets that are not active and
observable yields and spreads in the market.
When observable inputs are not available, the market standard
valuation methodologies for determining the estimated fair value
of certain types of securities that trade infrequently, and
therefore have little or no price transparency, rely on inputs
that are significant to the estimated fair value that are not
observable in the market or cannot be derived principally from
or corroborated by observable market data. These unobservable
inputs can be based in large part on management judgment or
estimation, and cannot be supported by reference to market
activity. Even though unobservable, these inputs are based on
assumptions deemed appropriate given the circumstances and
consistent with what other market participants would use when
pricing such securities.
The use of different methodologies, assumptions and inputs may
have a material effect on the estimated fair values of the
Company’s securities holdings.
|
|
|
|
•
|
Derivatives — The fair value of derivatives is
determined through the use of quoted market prices for
exchange-traded derivatives or through the use of pricing models
for over-the-counter derivatives. The determination of fair
value, when quoted market values are not available, is based on
market standard valuation methodologies and inputs that are
assumed to be consistent with what other market participants
would use when pricing the instruments. Derivative valuations
can be affected by changes in interest rates, foreign currency
exchange rates, financial indices, credit spreads, default risk
(including the counterparties to the contract), volatility,
liquidity and changes in estimates and assumptions used in the
pricing models.
|
49
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
The significant inputs to the pricing models for most
over-the-counter derivatives are inputs that are observable in
the market or can be derived principally from or corroborated by
observable market data. Significant inputs that are observable
generally include: interest rates, foreign currency exchange
rates, interest rate curves, credit curves and volatility.
However, certain over-the-counter derivatives may rely on inputs
that are significant to the fair value that are not observable
in the market or cannot be derived principally from or
corroborated by observable market data. Significant inputs that
are unobservable generally include: broker quotes, credit
correlation assumptions, references to emerging market
currencies and inputs that are outside the observable portion of
the interest rate curve, credit curve, volatility or other
relevant market measure. These unobservable inputs may involve
significant management judgment or estimation. Even though
unobservable, these inputs are based on assumptions deemed
appropriate given the circumstances and consistent with what
other market participants would use when pricing such
instruments.
The credit risk of both the counterparty and the Company are
considered in determining the fair value for all
over-the-counter derivatives after taking into account the
effects of netting agreements and collateral arrangements. Most
inputs for over-the-counter derivatives are mid market inputs
but, in certain cases, bid level inputs are used when they are
deemed more representative of exit value.
The use of different methodologies, assumptions and inputs may
have a material effect on the estimated fair values of the
Company’s derivatives and could materially affect net
income.
|
|
|
|
•
|
Embedded Derivatives — Embedded derivatives
principally include certain variable annuity riders, certain
guaranteed investment contracts with equity or bond indexed
crediting rates, assumed reinsurance on equity indexed annuities
and those related to funds withheld on assumed reinsurance.
Embedded derivatives are recorded in the financial statements at
fair value with changes in fair value adjusted through net
income.
|
The Company issues certain variable annuity products with
guaranteed minimum benefit riders. These include guaranteed
minimum withdrawal benefit (“GMWB”) riders, guaranteed
minimum accumulation benefit (“GMAB”) riders, and
certain guaranteed minimum income benefit (“GMIB”)
riders. GMWB, GMAB and certain GMIB riders are embedded
derivatives, which are measured at fair value separately from
the host variable annuity contract, with changes in fair value
reported in net investment gains (losses). These embedded
derivatives are classified within policyholder account balances.
The fair value for these riders is estimated using the present
value of future benefits minus the present value of future fees
using actuarial and capital market assumptions related to the
projected cash flows over the expected lives of the contracts. A
risk neutral valuation methodology is used under which the cash
flows from the riders are projected under multiple capital
market scenarios using observable risk free rates. Effective
January 1, 2008, upon adoption of SFAS 157, the valuation
of these riders now includes an adjustment for the
Company’s own credit and risk margins for non-capital
market inputs. The Company’s own credit adjustment is
determined taking into consideration publicly available
information relating to the Company’s debt as well as its
claims paying ability. Risk margins are established to capture
the non-capital market risks of the instrument which represent
the additional compensation a market participant would require
to assume the risks related to the uncertainties of such
actuarial assumptions as annuitization, premium persistency,
partial withdrawal and surrenders. The establishment of risk
margins requires the use of significant management judgment.
These riders may be more costly than expected in volatile or
declining equity markets. Market conditions including, but not
limited to, changes in interest rates, equity indices, market
volatility and foreign currency exchange rates; changes in the
Company’s own credit standing; and variations in actuarial
assumptions regarding policyholder behavior and risk margins
related to non-capital market inputs may result in significant
fluctuations in the fair value of the riders that could
materially affect net income.
The fair value of the embedded equity and bond indexed
derivatives contained in certain guaranteed investment contracts
is determined using market standard swap valuation models and
observable market inputs, including an adjustment for the
Company’s own credit that takes into consideration publicly
available information relating to the Company’s debt as
well as its claims paying ability. The fair value of these
50
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
embedded derivatives are included, along with their guaranteed
investment contract host, within policyholder account balances
with changes in fair value recorded in net investment gains
(losses). Changes in equity and bond indices, interest rates and
the Company’s credit standing may result in significant
fluctuations in the fair value of these embedded derivatives
that could materially affect net income.
The fair value of the embedded derivatives in the assumed
reinsurance on equity indexed annuities is determined using a
market standard method, which includes an estimate of future
equity option purchases and an adjustment for the Company’s
own credit that takes into consideration the Company’s
claims paying ability. The capital market inputs to the model,
such as equity indexes, equity volatility, interest rates and
the credit adjustment, are generally observable. However, the
valuation models also use inputs requiring certain actuarial
assumptions such as future interest margins, policyholder
behavior and explicit risk margins related to non-capital market
inputs, that are generally not observable and may require use of
significant management judgment. The fair value of these
embedded derivatives is included within policyholder account
balances, along with the reinsurance host contract, with changes
in fair value recorded in interest credited to policyholder
account balances. The Company also retrocedes reinsurance on
equity indexed annuities. The embedded derivatives on such
retrocessions are computed in a similar manner and are included
within premiums and other receivables with changes in fair value
recorded in other expenses. Market conditions including, but not
limited to, changes in interest rates, equity indices and equity
volatility; changes in the Company’s own credit standing;
and variations in actuarial assumptions may result in
significant fluctuations in the fair value of these embedded
derivatives which could materially affect net income.
The fair value of the embedded derivatives within funds withheld
at interest related to certain assumed reinsurance is determined
based on the change in fair value of the underlying assets in a
reference portfolio backing the funds withheld receivable. The
fair value of the underlying assets is generally based on
observable market data using valuation methods similar to those
used for assets held directly by the Company. However, the
valuation also requires certain inputs, based on actuarial
assumptions regarding policyholder behavior, which are generally
not observable and may require use of significant management
judgment. The fair value of these embedded derivatives is
included, along with their funds withheld hosts, in other
invested assets with changes in fair value recorded in net
investment gains (losses). Changes in the credit spreads on the
underlying assets, interest rates, market volatility or
assumptions regarding policyholder behavior may result in
significant fluctuations in the fair value of these embedded
derivatives that could materially affect net income.
The accounting for embedded derivatives is complex and
interpretations of the primary accounting standards continue to
evolve in practice. If interpretations change, there is a risk
that features previously not bifurcated may require bifurcation
and reporting at fair value in the unaudited interim condensed
consolidated financial statements and respective changes in fair
value could materially affect net income.
|
|
|
|
•
|
Separate Account Assets — Separate account
assets are carried at fair value and reported as a summarized
total on the consolidated balance sheet in accordance with
Statement of Position (“SOP”)
03-1,
Accounting and Reporting by Insurance Enterprises for Certain
Nontraditional Long-Duration Contracts and for Separate Accounts
(“SOP 03-1”).
The fair value of separate account assets are based on the fair
value of the underlying assets owned by the separate account.
Assets within the Company’s separate accounts include:
mutual funds, fixed maturity securities, equity securities,
mortgage loans, derivatives, hedge funds, other limited
partnership interests, short-term investments and cash and cash
equivalents. The fair value of mutual funds is based upon quoted
prices or reported net assets values (“NAVs”) provided
by the fund manager and are reviewed by management to determine
whether such values require adjustment to represent exit value.
The fair values of fixed maturity securities, equity securities,
derivatives, short-term investments and cash and cash
equivalents held by separate accounts are determined on a basis
consistent with the methodologies
|
51
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
|
|
|
|
|
described herein for similar financial instruments held within
the general account. The fair value of hedge funds is based upon
NAVs provided by the fund manager and are reviewed by management
to determine whether such values require adjustment to represent
exit value. The fair value of mortgage loans is determined by
discounting expected future cash flows, using current interest
rates for similar loans with similar credit risk. Other limited
partnership interests are valued giving consideration to the
value of the underlying holdings of the partnerships and by
applying a premium or discount, if appropriate, for factors such
as liquidity, bid/ask spreads, the performance record of the
fund manager or other relevant variables which may impact the
exit value of the particular partnership interest.
|
The fair value of assets and liabilities measured at fair value
on a recurring basis, including financial instruments for which
the Company has elected the fair value option, and their
corresponding fair value hierarchy, are summarized as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, 2008
|
|
|
|
Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quoted Prices in
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Active Markets for
|
|
|
Significant Other
|
|
|
Significant
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Identical Assets
|
|
|
Observable
|
|
|
Unobservable
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
and Liabilities
|
|
|
Inputs
|
|
|
Inputs
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
(Level 1)
|
|
|
(Level 2)
|
|
|
(Level 3)
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed maturity securities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U.S. corporate securities
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
67,975
|
|
|
$
|
8,280
|
|
|
$
|
76,255
|
|
Residential mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
319
|
|
|
|
52,916
|
|
|
|
1,273
|
|
|
|
54,508
|
|
Foreign corporate securities
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
29,462
|
|
|
|
8,153
|
|
|
|
37,617
|
|
U.S. Treasury/agency securities
|
|
|
5,175
|
|
|
|
14,923
|
|
|
|
82
|
|
|
|
20,180
|
|
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
17,922
|
|
|
|
496
|
|
|
|
18,418
|
|
Foreign government securities
|
|
|
532
|
|
|
|
14,189
|
|
|
|
655
|
|
|
|
15,376
|
|
Asset-backed securities
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
9,110
|
|
|
|
3,962
|
|
|
|
13,072
|
|
State and political subdivision securities
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
|
5,316
|
|
|
|
158
|
|
|
|
5,481
|
|
Other fixed maturity securities
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
269
|
|
|
|
284
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total fixed maturity securities
|
|
|
6,050
|
|
|
|
211,813
|
|
|
|
23,328
|
|
|
|
241,191
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity securities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common stocks
|
|
|
1,915
|
|
|
|
648
|
|
|
|
188
|
|
|
|
2,751
|
|
Non-redeemable preferred stocks
|
|
|
133
|
|
|
|
655
|
|
|
|
1,881
|
|
|
|
2,669
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total equity securities
|
|
|
2,048
|
|
|
|
1,303
|
|
|
|
2,069
|
|
|
|
5,420
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Trading securities
|
|
|
268
|
|
|
|
303
|
|
|
|
312
|
|
|
|
883
|
|
Short-term investments (1)
|
|
|
1,079
|
|
|
|
589
|
|
|
|
134
|
|
|
|
1,802
|
|
Derivative assets (2)
|
|
|
33
|
|
|
|
3,475
|
|
|
|
919
|
|
|
|
4,427
|
|
Net embedded derivatives within asset host contracts (3)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(152
|
)
|
|
|
(152
|
)
|
Separate account assets (4)
|
|
|
115,597
|
|
|
|
32,410
|
|
|
|
1,694
|
|
|
|
149,701
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
$
|
125,075
|
|
|
$
|
249,893
|
|
|
$
|
28,304
|
|
|
$
|
403,272
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Derivative liabilities (2)
|
|
$
|
4
|
|
|
$
|
2,701
|
|
|
$
|
66
|
|
|
$
|
2,771
|
|
Net embedded derivatives within liability host contracts (3)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1,045
|
|
|
|
1,045
|
|
Trading liabilities (5)
|
|
|
47
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
47
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities
|
|
$
|
51
|
|
|
$
|
2,701
|
|
|
$
|
1,111
|
|
|
$
|
3,863
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Short-term investments as presented in the table above differ
from the amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheet
because certain short-term investments are not measured at fair
value (e.g. time deposits, money market funds, etc.). |
52
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
|
|
|
(2) |
|
Derivative assets are presented within other invested assets and
derivatives liabilities are presented within other liabilities.
The amounts are presented gross in the table above to reflect
the presentation in the consolidated balance sheet, but are
presented net for purposes of the rollforward in the following
table. |
|
(3) |
|
Net embedded derivatives within asset host contracts are
principally presented within other invested assets with certain
amounts included within premiums and other receivables. Fixed
maturity securities also includes embedded derivatives of
($16) million. Net embedded derivatives within liability
host contracts are presented within policyholder account
balances. |
|
(4) |
|
Separate account assets are measured at fair value. Investment
performance related to separate account assets is fully offset
by corresponding amounts credited to contractholders whose
liability is reflected within separate account liabilities.
Separate account liabilities are set equal to the fair value of
separate account assets as prescribed by
SOP 03-1. |
|
(5) |
|
Trading liabilities are presented within other liabilities. |
The Company has categorized its assets and liabilities into the
three-level fair value hierarchy, as defined in Note 1,
based upon the priority of the inputs to the respective
valuation technique. The following summarizes the types of
assets and liabilities included within the three-level fair
value hierarchy presented in the preceding table.
|
|
|
|
Level 1
|
This category includes certain U.S. Treasury and agency
fixed maturity securities; residential mortgage-backed
securities, principally to-be-announced securities;
exchange-traded common stock; and certain short-term money
market securities. As it relates to derivatives, this level
includes financial futures including exchange-traded equity and
interest rate futures. Separate account assets classified within
this level principally include mutual funds. Also included are
assets held within separate accounts which are similar in nature
to those classified in this level for the general account.
|
|
|
Level 2
|
This category includes fixed maturity securities priced
principally through independent pricing services. These fixed
maturity securities include most U.S. Treasury and agency
securities as well as the majority of U.S. and foreign
corporate securities, residential mortgage-backed securities,
commercial mortgage-backed securities, state and political
subdivision securities, foreign government securities, and
asset-backed securities. Equity securities classified as
Level 2 securities consist principally of non-redeemable
preferred stock priced principally through independent pricing
services and certain equity securities where market quotes are
available but are not considered actively traded. Short-term
investments and trading securities included within Level 2
are of a similar nature to these fixed maturity and equity
securities. As it relates to derivatives, this level includes
all types of derivative instruments utilized by the Company with
the exception of exchange-traded futures included within
Level 1 and those derivative instruments with unobservable
inputs as described in Level 3. Separate account assets
classified within this level are generally similar to those
classified within this level for the general account. Hedge
funds owned by separate accounts are also included within this
level. Embedded derivatives include embedded equity derivatives
contained in certain guaranteed investment contracts.
|
|
|
|
|
Level 3
|
This category includes fixed maturity securities priced
principally through independent broker quotes or market standard
valuation methodologies. This level consists of less liquid
fixed maturity securities with very limited trading activity or
where less price transparency exists around the inputs to the
valuation methodologies including: U.S. and foreign
corporate securities — including below investment
grade private placements; residential mortgage-backed
securities; asset backed securities — including all of
those supported by sub-prime mortgage loans; and other fixed
maturity securities such as structured securities. Equity
securities classified as Level 3 securities consist
principally of common stock of privately held companies and
non-redeemable preferred stock where there has been very limited
trading activity or where less price transparency exists around
the inputs to the valuation. Short-term investments and trading
securities included within Level 3 are of a similar nature
to these fixed maturity and equity securities. As it relates to
|
53
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
|
|
|
|
|
derivatives this category includes: financial forwards including
swap spread locks with maturities which extend beyond observable
periods and equity variance swaps with unobservable volatility
inputs; foreign currency swaps which are cancelable and priced
through broker quotes; interest rate swaps with maturities which
extend beyond the observable portion of the yield curve; credit
default swaps based upon baskets of credits having unobservable
credit correlations as well as credit default swaps with
maturities which extend beyond the observable portion of the
credit curves and credit default swaps priced through brokers or
with liquidity adjustments; foreign currency forwards priced via
broker quotes; equity options with unobservable volatility
inputs; and interest rate caps and floors referencing
unobservable yield curves
and/or which
include liquidity and volatility adjustments. Separate account
assets classified within this level are generally similar to
those classified within this level for the general account;
however, they also include mortgage loans, and other limited
partnership interests. Embedded derivatives included within this
level include embedded derivatives associated with variable
annuity riders, assumed reinsurance on equity indexed annuities
as well as embedded derivatives related to funds withheld on
assumed reinsurance.
|
A rollforward of the fair value measurements for all assets and
liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using
significant unobservable (Level 3) inputs for the
three months and six months ended June 30, 2008 is as
follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Realized/Unrealized
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Impact of
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gains (Losses) included in:
|
|
|
Purchases,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance,
|
|
|
SFAS 157 and
|
|
|
Balance,
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
Sales,
|
|
|
Transfer In
|
|
|
Balance,
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
SFAS 159
|
|
|
beginning
|
|
|
|
|
|
Comprehensive
|
|
|
Issuances and
|
|
|
and/or Out
|
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
Adoption (1)
|
|
|
of period
|
|
|
Earnings (2, 3)
|
|
|
Income (Loss)
|
|
|
Settlements (4)
|
|
|
of Level 3 (5)
|
|
|
of period
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2008:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed maturity securities
|
|
$
|
24,854
|
|
|
$
|
(8
|
)
|
|
$
|
24,846
|
|
|
$
|
(88
|
)
|
|
$
|
(1,088
|
)
|
|
$
|
(666
|
)
|
|
$
|
324
|
|
|
$
|
23,328
|
|
Equity securities
|
|
|
2,385
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
2,385
|
|
|
|
(40
|
)
|
|
|
(200
|
)
|
|
|
(18
|
)
|
|
|
(58
|
)
|
|
|
2,069
|
|
Trading securities
|
|
|
183
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
191
|
|
|
|
(2
|
)
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
131
|
|
|
|
(9
|
)
|
|
|
312
|
|
Short-term investments
|
|
|
179
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
179
|
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(44
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
134
|
|
Net derivatives (6)
|
|
|
789
|
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
788
|
|
|
|
46
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
18
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
853
|
|
Separate account assets (7)
|
|
|
1,464
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1,464
|
|
|
|
(49
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
387
|
|
|
|
(108
|
)
|
|
|
1,694
|
|
Net embedded derivatives (8)
|
|
|
(843
|
)
|
|
|
41
|
|
|
|
(802
|
)
|
|
|
(331
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(64
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(1,197
|
)
|
For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2008:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed maturity securities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
23,811
|
|
|
|
(35
|
)
|
|
|
(400
|
)
|
|
|
88
|
|
|
|
(136
|
)
|
|
|
23,328
|
|
Equity securities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,166
|
|
|
|
(4
|
)
|
|
|
(25
|
)
|
|
|
(21
|
)
|
|
|
(47
|
)
|
|
|
2,069
|
|
Trading securities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
179
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
129
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
312
|
|
Short-term investments
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
156
|
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(21
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
134
|
|
Net derivatives (6)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,215
|
|
|
|
(368
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
25
|
|
|
|
(19
|
)
|
|
|
853
|
|
Separate account assets (7)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,581
|
|
|
|
(54
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
375
|
|
|
|
(208
|
)
|
|
|
1,694
|
|
Net embedded derivatives (8)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,505
|
)
|
|
|
330
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(22
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(1,197
|
)
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Impact of SFAS 157 adoption represents the amount
recognized in earnings as a change in estimate upon the adoption
of SFAS 157 associated with Level 3 financial
instruments held at January 1, 2008. Such amount was
impacted by an increase to DAC of $2 million resulting in a
total impact of $42 million. This impact of
$42 million along with a $12 million reduction in the
fair value of Level 2 freestanding derivatives, results in
a total net impact of adoption of SFAS 157 of
$30 million. |
54
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
|
|
|
(2) |
|
Amortization of premium/discount is included within net
investment income which is reported within the earnings caption
of total gains/losses. Impairments are included within net
investment gains (losses) which is reported within the earnings
caption of total gains/losses. Lapses associated with embedded
derivatives are included with the earnings caption of total
gains/losses. |
|
(3) |
|
Interest and dividend accruals, as well as cash interest coupons
and dividends received, are excluded from the rollforward. |
|
(4) |
|
The amount reported within purchases, sales, issuances and
settlements is the purchase/issuance price (for purchases and
issuances) and the sales/settlement proceeds (for sales and
settlements) based upon the actual date purchased/issued or
sold/settled. Items purchased/issued and sold/settled in the
same period are excluded from the rollforward. For embedded
derivatives, attributed fees are included within this caption
along with settlements, if any. |
|
(5) |
|
Total gains and losses (in earnings and other comprehensive
income (loss)) are calculated assuming transfers in (out) of
Level 3 occurred at the beginning of the period. Items
transferred in and out in the same period are excluded from the
rollforward. |
|
(6) |
|
Freestanding derivative assets and liabilities are presented net
for purposes of the rollforward. |
|
(7) |
|
Investment performance related to separate account assets is
fully offset by corresponding amounts credited to
contractholders whose liability is reflected within separate
account liabilities. |
|
(8) |
|
Embedded derivative assets and liabilities are presented net for
purposes of the rollforward. |
|
(9) |
|
Amounts presented do not reflect any associated hedging
activities. Actual earnings associated with Level 3,
inclusive of hedging activities, could differ materially. |
The table below summarize both realized and unrealized gains and
losses for the three months and six months ended June 30,
2008 due to changes in fair value recorded in earnings for
Level 3 assets and liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Gains and Losses
|
|
|
|
Classification of Realized/Unrealized Gains (Losses) included
in Earnings
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
|
|
|
Net
|
|
|
Credited to
|
|
|
|
|
|
Policyholder
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment
|
|
|
Investment
|
|
|
Policyholder
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
Benefits and
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income
|
|
|
Gains (Losses)
|
|
|
Account Balances
|
|
|
Expenses
|
|
|
Claims
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2008:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed maturity securities
|
|
$
|
109
|
|
|
$
|
(197
|
)
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
(88
|
)
|
Equity securities
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(40
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(40
|
)
|
Trading securities
|
|
|
(2
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(2
|
)
|
Short-term investments
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
Net derivatives
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
|
37
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
46
|
|
Net embedded derivatives
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(297
|
)
|
|
|
(40
|
)
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
(331
|
)
|
For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2008:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed maturity securities
|
|
|
67
|
|
|
|
(102
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(35
|
)
|
Equity securities
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(4
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(4
|
)
|
Trading securities
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
Short-term investments
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
Net derivatives
|
|
|
(13
|
)
|
|
|
(355
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(368
|
)
|
Net embedded derivatives
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
333
|
|
|
|
(2
|
)
|
|
|
(2
|
)
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
330
|
|
55
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
The table below summarize the portion of unrealized gains and
losses recorded in earnings for the three months and six months
ended June 30, 2008 for Level 3 assets and liabilities
that are still held at June 30, 2008.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in Unrealized Gains (Losses) Relating to Assets Held
at June 30, 2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
|
|
|
Net
|
|
|
Credited to
|
|
|
|
|
|
Policyholder
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment
|
|
|
Investment
|
|
|
Policyholder
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
Benefits and
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income
|
|
|
Gains/Losses
|
|
|
Account Balances
|
|
|
Expenses
|
|
|
Claims
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2008:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed maturity securities
|
|
$
|
99
|
|
|
$
|
(129
|
)
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
(30
|
)
|
Equity securities
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(30
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(30
|
)
|
Trading securities
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Short-term investments
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
Net derivatives
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
|
22
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
31
|
|
Net embedded derivatives
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(305
|
)
|
|
|
(73
|
)
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
(368
|
)
|
For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2008:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed maturity securities
|
|
|
60
|
|
|
|
(74
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(14
|
)
|
Equity securities
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(5
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(5
|
)
|
Trading securities
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
Short-term investments
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
Net derivatives
|
|
|
(13
|
)
|
|
|
(299
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(312
|
)
|
Net embedded derivatives
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
328
|
|
|
|
(20
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
310
|
|
Nonrecurring
Fair Value Measurements
Certain non-financial assets are measured at fair value on a
non-recurring basis (e.g. goodwill and other intangibles
considered impaired).
At June 30, 2008, the Company held $159 million in
mortgage loans which are carried at fair value based on the
value of the underlying collateral or broker quotes, if lower,
of which $55 million relate to impaired mortgage loans and
$104 million to mortgage loans held-for-sale. These
mortgage loans were recorded at fair value and represent a
nonrecurring fair value measurement. The fair value is
categorized as Level 3. Included within net investment
gains (losses) for such mortgage loans are net impairments of
$13 million and $42 million for the three months and
six months ended June 30, 2008, respectively.
At June 30, 2008, the Company held $4 million in cost
basis other limited partnership interests which were impaired
based on the underlying limited partnership financial
statements. These other limited partnership interests were
recorded at fair value and represent a nonrecurring fair value
measurement. The fair value is categorized as Level 3.
Included within net investment gains (losses) for such other
limited partnerships are impairments of $12 million and
$16 million for the three and six months ended
June 30, 2008, respectively.
56
|
|
Item 2.
|
Management’s
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations
|
For purposes of this discussion, “MetLife” or the
“Company” refers to MetLife, Inc., a Delaware
corporation incorporated in 1999 (the “Holding
Company”), and its subsidiaries, including Metropolitan
Life Insurance Company (“MLIC”). Following this
summary is a discussion addressing the consolidated results of
operations and financial condition of the Company for the
periods indicated. This discussion should be read in conjunction
with MetLife, Inc.’s Annual Report on
Form 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2007 (“2007 Annual
Report”) filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange
Commission (“SEC”), the forward-looking statement
information included below and the Company’s unaudited
interim condensed consolidated financial statements included
elsewhere herein.
This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations contains statements which
constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the
Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including
statements relating to trends in the operations and financial
results and the business and the products of MetLife, Inc. and
its subsidiaries, as well as other statements including words
such as “anticipate,” “believe,”
“plan,” “estimate,” “expect,”
“intend” and other similar expressions.
Forward-looking statements are made based upon management’s
current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments
and their potential effects on the Company. Such forward-looking
statements are not guarantees of future performance.
Actual results may differ materially from those included in the
forward-looking statements as a result of risks and
uncertainties including, but not limited to, the following:
(i) changes in general economic conditions, including the
performance of financial markets and interest rates, which may
affect the Company’s ability to raise capital and its
generation of fee income and market-related revenue;
(ii) heightened competition, including with respect to
pricing, entry of new competitors, the development of new
products by new and existing competitors and for personnel;
(iii) investment losses and defaults, and changes to
investment valuations; (iv) unanticipated changes in
industry trends; (v) catastrophe losses;
(vi) ineffectiveness of risk management policies and
procedures; (vii) changes in accounting standards,
practices
and/or
policies; (viii) changes in assumptions related to deferred
policy acquisition costs (“DAC”), value of business
acquired (“VOBA”) or goodwill; (ix) discrepancies
between actual claims experience and assumptions used in setting
prices for the Company’s products and establishing the
liabilities for the Company’s obligations for future policy
benefits and claims; (x) discrepancies between actual
experience and assumptions used in establishing liabilities
related to other contingencies or obligations; (xi) adverse
results or other consequences from litigation, arbitration or
regulatory investigations; (xii) downgrades in the
Company’s and its affiliates’ claims paying ability,
financial strength or credit ratings; (xiii) regulatory,
legislative or tax changes that may affect the cost of, or
demand for, the Company’s products or services;
(xiv) MetLife, Inc.’s primary reliance, as a holding
company, on dividends from its subsidiaries to meet debt payment
obligations and the applicable regulatory restrictions on the
ability of the subsidiaries to pay such dividends;
(xv) deterioration in the experience of the “closed
block” established in connection with the reorganization of
MLIC; (xvi) economic, political, currency and other risks
relating to the Company’s international operations;
(xvii) the effects of business disruption or economic
contraction due to terrorism or other hostilities;
(xviii) the Company’s ability to identify and
consummate on successful terms any future acquisitions, and to
successfully integrate acquired businesses with minimal
disruption; and (xix) other risks and uncertainties
described from time to time in MetLife’s filings with the
SEC.
The Company specifically disclaims any obligation to update or
revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new
information, future developments or otherwise.
Executive
Summary
MetLife is a leading provider of insurance and other financial
services with operations throughout the United States and the
regions of Latin America, Europe, and Asia Pacific. Through its
domestic and international subsidiaries and affiliates, MetLife,
Inc. offers life insurance, annuities, automobile and homeowners
insurance, retail banking and other financial services to
individuals, as well as group insurance, reinsurance and
retirement & savings products and services to
corporations and other institutions. MetLife is organized into
five operating segments: Institutional, Individual,
Auto & Home, International and Reinsurance, as well as
Corporate & Other. See also
“— Acquisitions and Dispositions” and
“— Results of Operations —
Reinsurance.”
57
As a result of a strategic review the Company began in 2007, it
launched an enterprise initiative called Operational Excellence.
This initiative began in April 2008 and is focused on reducing
complexity, leveraging scale, increasing productivity, improving
the effectiveness of the Company’s operations and providing
a foundation for future growth. Within the next two to three
years, management anticipates the Operational Excellence
initiative will yield both significant revenue enhancements and
cost savings. Execution of this initiative will require
investment, leadership and discipline. The Company began
conducting a diagnostic review of all of its operations in April
2008. As the plans are not complete at this time, management
cannot quantify the financial impacts of this initiative as of
June 30, 2008; however, management will be able to provide
further details when the Company announces its
September 30, 2008 results and at the annual Investor Day
meeting in December 2008.
Three
Months Ended June 30, 2008 compared with the Three Months
Ended June 30, 2007
The Company reported $915 million in net income available
to common shareholders and earnings per diluted common share of
$1.26 for the three months ended June 30, 2008 compared to
$1,129 million in net income available to common
shareholders and earnings per diluted common share of $1.48 for
the three months ended June 30, 2007. Net income available
to common shareholders decreased by $214 million, or 19%,
for the three months ended June 30, 2008 compared to the
2007 period.
The decrease in net income available to common shareholders was
principally due to a decrease in net investment income of
$163 million, net of income tax, and an increase in net
investment losses of $80 million, net of income tax. The
decrease in net investment income was due to a decrease in
yields, partially offset by an increase due to growth in the
average invested assets. The decrease in net investment income
attributable to lower yields was primarily due to lower returns
on other limited partnership interests, real estate joint
ventures, fixed maturity securities, and short term investments,
partially offset by improved securities lending results, and
higher returns on real estate and equity securities. Management
anticipates that investment income and the related yields on
other limited partnership interests will continue to decline
during 2008 due to increased volatility in equity and credit
markets. The decrease in net investment income attributable to
lower yields was partially offset by income attributable to
growth in average invested assets, primarily within other
limited partnership interests, mortgage loans, real estate joint
ventures, and fixed maturity securities. The decrease in net
investment income is also attributable to a reduction in equity
option market values relative to certain funds withheld
portfolios associated with the reinsurance of equity indexed
annuity (“EIA”) products. The increase in net
investment losses resulted from increased losses on fixed
maturity and equity securities, mortgage loans, other limited
partnerships and real estate joint ventures principally
attributable to credit related impairments. These increased
losses were partially offset by lower net investment losses on
derivatives resulting from improved guaranteed minimum benefit
rider performance.
The net effect of increases in premiums, fees and other revenues
of $567 million, net of income tax, across all of the
Company’s operating segments and increases in policyholder
benefits and claims and policyholder dividends of
$568 million, net of income tax, was attributable to
overall business growth. Policyholder benefits and claims were
adversely impacted by an increase in catastrophe losses in the
Auto & Home segment as well as a charge due to a
liability adjustment on a large annuity contract and the impact
of an unusually high number of claims in the Institutional
segment. Also contributing to the increase was unfavorable
mortality Individual segment. These increases were partially
offset by a decrease in certain policyholder liabilities in the
International segment resulting from a decrease in unrealized
investment results on the invested assets supporting those
liabilities.
A decrease in interest credited to policyholder account balances
of $130 million, net of income tax, resulted from the
decline in average crediting rates, which was largely due to the
impact of lower short-term interest rates in the current period,
offset by an increase from growth in the average policyholder
account balance, primarily the result of continued growth in the
global guaranteed interest contract (“GIC”) and
funding agreement products all of which occurred within the
Institutional segment. Interest credited to policyholder account
balances decreased in the Reinsurance segment as a result of the
decrease in value of the equity linked option associated with
assumed EIA products as well as changes in risk free interest
rates used in the present value calculation of embedded
derivatives associated with such EIAs.
The increase in other expenses of $84 million, net of
income tax, was due to higher interest expense, higher legal
costs, higher corporate expenses and higher minority interest
expense. The increase in other expenses was
58
partially offset by a decrease due to lower DAC amortization
primarily relating to net investment losses in both periods and
current period revisions to management’s assumptions used
to determine estimated gross profits and margins and higher DAC
amortization in the prior period due to the adoption of
Statement of Position (“SOP”)
05-1,
Accounting by Insurance Enterprises for Deferred Acquisition
Costs in Connection with Modifications or Exchanges of Insurance
Contracts
(“SOP 05-1”).
These decreases were partially offset by business growth and an
increase in amortization resulting from changes in
management’s assumptions used to determine estimated gross
profits and margins associated with unfavorable equity market
performance during the current period.
The remainder of the variance is due to the change in effective
tax rates between periods.
Six
Months Ended June 30, 2008 compared with the Six Months
Ended June 30, 2007
The Company reported $1.5 billion in net income available
to common shareholders and earnings per diluted common share of
$2.10 for the six months ended June 30, 2008 compared to
$2.1 billion in net income available to common shareholders
and earnings per diluted common share of $2.76 for the six
months ended June 30, 2007. Net income available to common
shareholders decreased by $582 million, or 28%, for the six
months ended June 30, 2008 compared to the 2007 period.
The decrease in net income available to common shareholders was
principally due to an increase in net investment losses of
$631 million, net of income tax, and a decrease in net
investment income of $172 million, net of income tax. The
decrease in net investment income was due to a decrease in
yields, partially offset by an increase due to growth in average
invested assets. The decrease in net investment income
attributable to lower yields was primarily due to lower returns
on other limited partnership interests, real estate joint
ventures, and short-term investments, partially offset by
improved securities lending results. Management anticipates that
investment income and the related yields on other limited
partnership interests will continue to decline during 2008 due
to increased volatility in equity and credit markets. The
decrease in net investment income attributable to lower yields
was partially offset by income attributable to growth in average
invested assets, primarily within other limited partnership
interests, mortgage loans, real estate joint ventures, and fixed
maturity securities. The decrease in net investment income is
also attributable to a reduction in equity option market values
relative to certain funds withheld portfolios associated with
the reinsurance of equity indexed annuity (“EIA”)
products. The increase in net investment losses resulted from
increased losses on fixed maturity and equity securities,
mortgage loans, other limited partnerships and real estate joint
ventures principally attributable to credit related impairments
as well as increased losses on guaranteed minimum benefit riders
due to declines in equity markets slightly offset by
improvements from the widening of the Company’s own credit
spread. Also contributing to the increase in net investment
losses are foreign currency transaction losses.
The net effect of increases in premiums, fees and other revenues
of $1.2 billion, net of income tax, across all of the
Company’s operating segments and increases in policyholder
benefits and claims and policyholder dividends of
$1.2 billion, net of income tax, was attributable to
overall business growth. Policyholder benefits and claims were
adversely impacted by an increase in catastrophe losses in the
Auto & Home segment as well as a charge due to a
liability adjustment on a large annuity contract and the impact
of an unusually high number of claims in the Institutional
segment. Also contributing to the increase was unfavorable
mortality in the Reinsurance and Individual segments. These
increases were partially offset by a decrease in certain
policyholder liabilities in International resulting from a
decrease in unrealized investment results on the invested assets
supporting those liabilities.
A decrease in interest credited to policyholder account balances
of $172 million, net of income tax, resulted from the
decline in average crediting rates, which was largely due to the
impact of lower short-term interest rates in the current period,
offset by an increase from growth in the average policyholder
account balance, primarily the result of continued growth in the
global GIC and funding agreement products all of which occurred
within the Institutional segment. Interest credited to
policyholder account balances decreased in the Reinsurance
segment as a result of the decrease in value of the equity
linked option associated with assumed EIA products offset by
changes in the risk free interest rates used in the present
value calculation of embedded derivatives associated with such
EIAs. Additionally, interest credited declined in the
International segment as a result of a reduction in interest
credited to unit-linked policyholder liabilities resulting from
losses in the related trading portfolios.
The decrease in other expenses of $59 million, net of
income tax, was principally driven by lower DAC amortization
resulting from higher net investment losses in both periods and
current period revisions to
59
management’s assumptions used to determine estimated gross
profits and margins, higher DAC amortization in the prior period
due to the adoption of
SOP 05-1,
as well as lower DAC amortization in the current period
resulting from the change in the value of embedded derivatives
associated with funds withheld arrangements primarily as a
result of the impact of widening credit spreads in the
U.S. debt markets and changes in risk-free rates used in
the valuation of the embedded derivatives associated with EIAs.
These decreases were partially offset by business growth and an
increase in amortization resulting from changes in
management’s assumptions used to determine estimated gross
profits and margins associated with unfavorable equity market
performance during the current period. These decreases in other
expenses were partially offset by higher interest expense and
higher legal costs.
The remainder of the variance is due to the change in effective
tax rates between periods.
Acquisitions
and Dispositions
During the first quarter of 2008, the Company completed
acquisitions which were accounted for using the purchase method
of accounting in the Institutional and International segments.
As a result of these acquisitions, goodwill and other intangible
assets increased by $169 million and $149 million,
respectively.
During the second quarter of 2008, MetLife Bank, N.A.
(“MetLife Bank”), included within the
Corporate & Other segment, completed an acquisition
which was accounted for using the purchase method of accounting.
As a result of this acquisition, goodwill and other intangible
assets increased by $68 million and $5 million,
respectively. In June 2008, MetLife Bank, entered into an
agreement to acquire a residential mortgage origination company.
The transaction is expected to be completed during the third
quarter of 2008.
In June 2008, the Company and Reinsurance Group of America, Inc.
(“RGA”) entered into an agreement to execute a
tax-free split-off transaction whereby shareholders of the
Company will be offered the ability to exchange their MetLife
shares for shares in RGA based upon an exchange ratio determined
at the time of the exchange offer. The transaction has the
effect of the Company exchanging substantially all of its
52% ownership in RGA for shares of its own stock. The
transaction is subject to RGA’s shareholders approving a
recapitalization, state insurance regulatory approval as well as
acceptance of the offer by a sufficient number of MetLife
shareholders. See also “ — Results of
Operations — Reinsurance.”
Industry
Trends
The Company’s segments continue to be influenced by a
variety of trends that affect the industry.
Financial and Economic Environment. The stress
experienced by global capital markets that began in the second
half of 2007 continued and increased during the first half of
2008. During 2007 and the first half of 2008, the global capital
markets reassessed the credit risk inherent in sub-prime
mortgage loans, which led to a broad repricing of credit risk
assets and strained market liquidity. Global central banks
intervened to stabilize market conditions and protect against
downside risks to economic growth. The U.S. Federal Reserve
intervened to provide emergency funding to the nation’s
fifth largest investment bank during the first quarter of 2008
in addition to using new techniques to improve market liquidity.
Still, market and economic conditions deteriorated further. The
economic community’s consensus outlook is for slow or
recessionary U.S. growth and slowing global growth for the
remainder of 2008. The global capital markets continue to adjust
towards this consensus outlook, with interest rates falling
during the first quarter of 2008 and stabilizing during the
second quarter of 2008, and equity prices falling and risk
spreads widening further during the first half of 2008. In the
last quarter, concerns over inflation have emerged among
economists, driven by increasing energy and food prices. Slow
growth and recessionary periods are often associated with
declining asset prices, lower interest rates, credit rating
agency downgrades and increasing default losses. The global
capital markets are also less liquid now than in more stable
environments. Liquidity conditions impact the cost of purchasing
and selling assets and, at times, the ability to purchase or
sell assets. These adjustments in the global capital markets
have also resulted in higher realized and expected volatility.
Factors such as consumer spending, business investment,
government spending, the volatility and strength of the capital
markets, and inflation all affect the business and economic
environment and, ultimately, the amount and profitability of our
business. In an economic downturn characterized by higher
unemployment, lower family income, lower corporate earnings,
lower business investment and lower consumer spending, the
demand for financial and insurance products could be adversely
affected. Adverse changes in the economy could affect earnings
negatively and could have a material adverse effect on our
business, results of operations and financial condition.
60
The current mortgage crisis has also raised the possibility of
future legislative and regulatory actions. We cannot predict
whether or when such actions may occur, or what impact, if any,
such actions could have on our business, results of operations
and financial condition.
Demographics. In the coming decade, a key
driver shaping the actions of the life insurance industry will
be the rising income protection, wealth accumulation and needs
of the retiring Baby Boomers. As a result of increasing
longevity, retirees will need to accumulate sufficient savings
to finance retirements that may span 30 or more years. Helping
the Baby Boomers to accumulate assets for retirement and
subsequently to convert these assets into retirement income
represents an opportunity for the life insurance industry.
Life insurers are well positioned to address the Baby
Boomers’ rapidly increasing need for savings tools and for
income protection. The Company believes that, among life
insurers, those with strong brands, high financial strength
ratings and broad distribution, are best positioned to
capitalize on the opportunity to offer income protection
products to Baby Boomers.
Moreover, the life insurance industry’s products and the
needs they are designed to address are complex. The Company
believes that individuals approaching retirement age will need
to seek information to plan for and manage their retirements and
that, in the workplace, as employees take greater responsibility
for their benefit options and retirement planning, they will
need information about their possible individual needs. One of
the challenges for the life insurance industry will be the
delivery of this information in a cost effective manner.
Competitive Pressures. The life insurance
industry remains highly competitive. The product development and
product life-cycles have shortened in many product segments,
leading to more intense competition with respect to product
features. Larger companies have the ability to invest in brand
equity, product development, technology and risk management,
which are among the fundamentals for sustained profitable growth
in the life insurance industry. In addition, several of the
industry’s products can be quite homogeneous and subject to
intense price competition. Sufficient scale, financial strength
and financial flexibility are becoming prerequisites for
sustainable growth in the life insurance industry. Larger market
participants tend to have the capacity to invest in additional
distribution capability and the information technology needed to
offer the superior customer service demanded by an increasingly
sophisticated industry client base.
Regulatory Changes. The life insurance
industry is regulated at the state level, with some products and
services also subject to federal regulation. As life insurers
introduce new and often more complex products, regulators refine
capital requirements and introduce new reserving standards for
the life insurance industry. Regulations recently adopted or
currently under review can potentially impact the reserve and
capital requirements of the industry. In addition, regulators
have undertaken market and sales practices reviews of several
markets or products, including equity indexed annuities,
variable annuities and group products.
Pension Plans. On August 17, 2006,
President Bush signed the Pension Protection Act of 2006
(“PPA”) into law. The PPA is considered to be the most
sweeping pension legislation since the adoption of the Employee
Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 on September 2,
1974. The provisions of the PPA may, over time, have a
significant impact on demand for pension, retirement savings,
and lifestyle protection products in both the institutional and
retail markets. The impact of the legislation may have a
positive effect on the life insurance and financial services
industries in the future.
Summary
of Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of
America (“GAAP”) requires management to adopt
accounting policies and make estimates and assumptions that
affect amounts reported in the unaudited interim condensed
consolidated financial statements. The most critical estimates
include those used in determining:
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(i)
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the fair value of investments in the absence of quoted market
values;
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(ii)
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investment impairments;
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(iii)
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the recognition of income on certain investment entities;
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(iv)
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the application of the consolidation rules to certain
investments;
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(v)
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the existence and fair value of embedded derivatives requiring
bifurcation;
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61
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(vi)
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the fair value of and accounting for derivatives;
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(vii)
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the capitalization and amortization of DAC and the establishment
and amortization of VOBA;
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(viii)
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the measurement of goodwill and related impairment, if any;
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(ix)
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the liability for future policyholder benefits;
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(x)
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accounting for income taxes and the valuation of deferred tax
assets;
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(xi)
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accounting for reinsurance transactions;
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(xii)
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accounting for employee benefit plans; and
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(xiii)
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the liability for litigation and regulatory matters.
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The application of purchase accounting requires the use of
estimation techniques in determining the fair values of assets
acquired and liabilities assumed — the most
significant of which relate to the aforementioned critical
estimates. In applying the Company’s accounting policies,
which are more fully described in the 2007 Annual Report,
management makes subjective and complex judgments that
frequently require estimates about matters that are inherently
uncertain. Many of these policies, estimates and related
judgments are common in the insurance and financial services
industries; others are specific to the Company’s businesses
and operations. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
Investments
The Company’s principal investments are in fixed maturity,
equity and trading securities, mortgage and consumer loans,
policy loans, real estate, real estate joint ventures and other
limited partnership interests, short-term investments, and other
invested assets. The Company’s investments are exposed to
three primary sources of risk: credit, interest rate and market
valuation. The financial statement risks, stemming from such
investment risks, are those associated with the determination of
fair values, the recognition of impairments, the recognition of
income on certain investments, and the potential consolidation
of previously unconsolidated entities.
The Company’s investments in fixed maturity and equity
securities, which are classified as available-for-sale,
investments in trading securities, and certain short-term
investments are reported at their estimated fair value. In
determining the estimated fair value of these securities,
various methodologies, assumptions and inputs are utilized, as
described further below.
When available, the estimated fair value of securities is based
on quoted prices in active markets that are readily and
regularly obtainable. Generally, these are the most liquid of
the Company’s securities holdings and valuation of these
securities does not involve management judgment.
When quoted prices in active markets are not available, the
determination of estimated fair value is based on market
standard valuation methodologies. The market standard valuation
methodologies utilized include: discounted cash flow
methodologies, matrix pricing or other similar techniques. The
assumptions and inputs in applying these market standard
valuation methodologies include, but are not limited to:
interest rates, credit standing of the issuer or counterparty,
industry sector of the issuer, coupon rate, call provisions,
sinking fund requirements, maturity, estimated duration and
management’s assumptions regarding liquidity and estimated
future cash flows. Accordingly, the estimated fair values are
based on available market information and management’s
judgments about financial instruments.
The significant inputs to the market standard valuation
methodologies for certain types of securities with reasonable
levels of price transparency are inputs that are observable in
the market or can be derived principally from or corroborated by
observable market data. Such observable inputs include
benchmarking prices for similar assets in active, liquid
markets, quoted prices in markets that are not active and
observable yields and spreads in the market.
When observable inputs are not available, the market standard
valuation methodologies for determining the estimated fair value
of certain types of securities that trade infrequently, and
therefore have little or no price transparency, rely on inputs
that are significant to the estimated fair value that are not
observable in the market or cannot be derived principally from
or corroborated by observable market data. These unobservable
inputs can be based in large part on management judgment or
estimation, and cannot be supported by reference to market
activity.
62
Even though unobservable, these inputs are based on assumptions
deemed appropriate given the circumstances and consistent with
what other market participants would use when pricing such
securities.
The use of different methodologies, assumptions and inputs may
have a material effect on the estimated fair values of the
Company’s securities holdings.
One of the significant estimates related to available-for-sale
securities is the evaluation of investments for
other-than-temporary impairments. The assessment of whether
impairments have occurred is based on management’s
case-by-case
evaluation of the underlying reasons for the decline in fair
value. The Company’s review of its fixed maturity and
equity securities for impairments includes an analysis of the
total gross unrealized losses by three categories of securities:
(i) securities where the estimated fair value had declined
and remained below cost or amortized cost by less than 20%;
(ii) securities where the estimated fair value had declined
and remained below cost or amortized cost by 20% or more for
less than six months; and (iii) securities where the
estimated fair value had declined and remained below cost or
amortized cost by 20% or more for six months or greater.
Additionally, management considers a wide range of factors about
the security issuer and uses its best judgment in evaluating the
cause of the decline in the estimated fair value of the security
and in assessing the prospects for near-term recovery. Inherent
in management’s evaluation of the security are assumptions
and estimates about the operations of the issuer and its future
earnings potential. Considerations used by the Company in the
impairment evaluation process include, but are not limited to:
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(i)
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the length of time and the extent to which the market value has
been below cost or amortized cost;
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(ii)
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the potential for impairments of securities when the issuer is
experiencing significant financial difficulties;
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(iii)
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the potential for impairments in an entire industry sector or
sub-sector;
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(iv)
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the potential for impairments in certain economically depressed
geographic locations;
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(v)
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the potential for impairments of securities where the issuer,
series of issuers or industry has suffered a catastrophic type
of loss or has exhausted natural resources;
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(vi)
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the Company’s ability and intent to hold the security for a
period of time sufficient to allow for the recovery of its value
to an amount equal to or greater than cost or amortized cost;
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(vii)
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unfavorable changes in forecasted cash flows on mortgage-backed
and asset-backed securities; and
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(viii)
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other subjective factors, including concentrations and
information obtained from regulators and rating agencies.
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The cost of fixed maturity and equity securities is adjusted for
impairments in value deemed to be other-than-temporary in the
period in which the determination is made. These impairments are
included within net investment gains (losses) and the cost basis
of the fixed maturity and equity securities is reduced
accordingly. The Company does not change the revised cost basis
for subsequent recoveries in value.
The determination of the amount of allowances and impairments on
other invested asset classes is highly subjective and is based
upon the Company’s periodic evaluation and assessment of
known and inherent risks associated with the respective asset
class. Such evaluations and assessments are revised as
conditions change and new information becomes available.
Management updates its evaluations regularly and reflects
changes in allowances and impairments in operations as such
evaluations are revised.
The recognition of income on certain investments (e.g.
loan-backed securities, including mortgage-backed and
asset-backed securities, certain structured investment
transactions, trading securities, etc.) is dependent upon market
conditions, which could result in prepayments and changes in
amounts to be earned.
Additionally, when the Company enters into certain structured
investment transactions, real estate joint ventures and other
limited partnerships for which the Company may be deemed to be
the primary beneficiary under Financial Accounting Standards
Board (“FASB”) Interpretation (“FIN”)
No. 46(r), Consolidation of Variable Interest
Entities — An Interpretation of Accounting Research
Bulletin No. 51 (“FIN 46(r)”), it
may be required to consolidate such investments. The accounting
rules for the determination of the primary beneficiary are
complex and require evaluation of the contractual rights and
obligations associated with each party involved in the entity,
an
63
estimate of the entity’s expected losses and expected
residual returns and the allocation of such estimates to each
party involved in the entity.
The use of different methodologies and assumptions as to the
determination of the fair value of investments, the timing and
amount of impairments, the recognition of income, or
consolidation of investments may have a material effect on the
amounts presented within the consolidated financial statements.
Derivative
Financial Instruments
The Company enters into freestanding derivative transactions
including swaps, forwards, futures and option contracts. The
Company uses derivatives primarily to manage various risks. The
risks being managed are variability in cash flows or changes in
fair values related to financial instruments and currency
exposure associated with net investments in certain foreign
operations. To a lesser extent, the Company uses credit
derivatives, such as credit default swaps, to synthetically
replicate investment risks and returns which are not readily
available in the cash market.
The fair value of derivatives is determined through the use of
quoted market prices for exchange-traded derivatives or through
the use of pricing models for over-the-counter derivatives. The
determination of fair value, when quoted market values are not
available, is based on market standard valuation methodologies
and inputs that are assumed to be consistent with what other
market participants would use when pricing the instruments.
Derivative valuations can be affected by changes in interest
rates, foreign currency exchange rates, financial indices,
credit spreads, default risk (including the counterparties to
the contract), volatility, liquidity and changes in estimates
and assumptions used in the pricing models.
The significant inputs to the pricing models for most
over-the-counter derivatives are inputs that are observable in
the market or can be derived principally from or corroborated by
observable market data. Significant inputs that are observable
generally include: interest rates, foreign currency exchange
rates, interest rate curves, credit curves, and volatility.
However, certain over-the-counter derivatives may rely on inputs
that are significant to the fair value that are not observable
in the market or cannot be derived principally from or
corroborated by observable market data. Significant inputs that
are unobservable generally include: broker quotes, credit
correlation assumptions, references to emerging market
currencies, and inputs that are outside the observable portion
of the interest rate curve, credit curve, volatility, or other
relevant market measure. These unobservable inputs may involve
significant management judgment or estimation. Even though
unobservable, these inputs are based on assumptions deemed
appropriate given the circumstances and consistent with what
other market participants would use when pricing such
instruments.
The credit risk of both the counterparty and the Company are
considered in determining the fair value for all
over-the-counter derivatives after taking into account the
effects of netting agreements and collateral arrangements. Most
inputs for over-the-counter derivatives are mid market inputs
but, in certain cases, bid level inputs are used when they are
deemed more representative of exit value.
The use of different methodologies, assumptions and inputs may
have a material effect on the estimated fair values of the
Company’s derivatives and could materially affect net
income. Also, fluctuations in the fair value of derivatives
which have not been designated for hedge accounting may result
in significant volatility in net income.
The accounting for derivatives is complex and interpretations of
the primary accounting standards continue to evolve in practice.
Judgment is applied in determining the availability and
application of hedge accounting designations and the appropriate
accounting treatment under these accounting standards. If it was
determined that hedge accounting designations were not
appropriately applied, reported net income could be materially
affected. Differences in judgment as to the availability and
application of hedge accounting designations and the appropriate
accounting treatment may result in a differing impact on the
consolidated financial statements of the Company from that
previously reported. Measurements of ineffectiveness of hedging
relationships are also subject to interpretations and
estimations and different interpretations or estimates may have
a material effect on the amount reported in net income.
64
Embedded
Derivatives
Embedded derivatives principally include certain variable
annuity riders, certain guaranteed investment contracts with
equity or bond indexed crediting rates, assumed reinsurance on
equity indexed annuities and those related to funds withheld on
assumed reinsurance. Embedded derivatives are recorded in the
financial statements at fair value with changes in fair value
adjusted through net income.
The Company issues certain variable annuity products with
guaranteed minimum benefit riders. These include guaranteed
minimum withdrawal benefit (“GMWB”) riders, guaranteed
minimum accumulation benefit (“GMAB”) riders, and
certain guaranteed minimum income benefit (“GMIB”)
riders. GMWB, GMAB and certain GMIB riders are embedded
derivatives, which are measured at fair value separately from
the host variable annuity contract, with changes in fair value
reported in net investment gains (losses). These embedded
derivatives are classified within policyholder account balances.
The fair value for these riders is estimated using the present
value of future benefits minus the present value of future fees
using actuarial and capital market assumptions related to the
projected cash flows over the expected lives of the contracts. A
risk neutral valuation methodology is used under which the cash
flows from the riders are projected under multiple capital
market scenarios using observable risk free rates. Effective
January 1, 2008, upon adoption of Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 157, Fair
Value Measurements (“SFAS 157”), the
valuation of these riders now includes an adjustment for the
Company’s own credit and risk margins for non-capital
market inputs. The Company’s own credit adjustment is
determined taking into consideration publicly available
information relating to the Company’s debt as well as its
claims paying ability. Risk margins are established to capture
the non-capital market risks of the instrument which represent
the additional compensation a market participant would require
to assume the risks related to the uncertainties of such
actuarial assumptions as annuitization, premium persistency,
partial withdrawal and surrenders. The establishment of risk
margins requires the use of significant management judgment.
These riders may be more costly than expected in volatile or
declining equity markets. Market conditions including, but not
limited to, changes in interest rates, equity indices, market
volatility and foreign currency exchange rates; changes in the
Company’s own credit standing; and variations in actuarial
assumptions regarding policyholder behavior and risk margins
related to non-capital market inputs may result in significant
fluctuations in the fair value of the riders that could
materially affect net income.
The fair value of the embedded equity and bond indexed
derivatives contained in certain guaranteed investment contracts
is determined using market standard swap valuation models and
observable market inputs, including an adjustment for the
Company’s own credit that takes into consideration publicly
available information relating to the Company’s debt as
well as its claims paying ability. The fair value of these
embedded derivatives are included, along with their guaranteed
investment contract host, within policyholder account balances
with changes in fair value recorded in net investment gains
(losses). Changes in equity and bond indices, interest rates and
the Company’s credit standing may result in significant
fluctuations in the fair value of these embedded derivatives
that could materially affect net income.
The fair value of the embedded derivatives in the assumed
reinsurance on equity indexed annuities is determined using a
market standard method, which includes an estimate of future
equity option purchases and an adjustment for the Company’s
own credit that takes into consideration the Company’s
claims paying ability. The capital market inputs to the model,
such as equity indexes, equity volatility, interest rates and
the credit adjustment, are generally observable. However, the
valuation models also use inputs requiring certain actuarial
assumptions such as future interest margins, policyholder
behavior and explicit risk margins related to non-capital market
inputs, that are generally not observable and may require use of
significant management judgment. The fair value of these
embedded derivatives is included within policyholder account
balances, along with the reinsurance host contract, with changes
in fair value recorded in interest credited to policyholder
account balances. The Company also retrocedes reinsurance on
equity indexed annuities. The embedded derivatives on such
retrocessions are computed in a similar manner and are included
within premiums and other receivables with changes in fair value
recorded in other expenses. Market conditions including, but not
limited to, changes in interest rates, equity indices and equity
volatility; changes in the Company’s own credit standing;
and variations in actuarial assumptions may result in
significant fluctuations in the fair value of these embedded
derivatives which could materially affect net income.
The fair value of the embedded derivatives within funds withheld
at interest related to certain assumed reinsurance is determined
based on the change in fair value of the underlying assets in a
reference portfolio backing
65
the funds withheld receivable. The fair value of the underlying
assets is generally based on observable market data using
valuation methods similar to those used for assets held directly
by the Company. However, the valuation also requires certain
inputs, based on actuarial assumptions regarding policyholder
behavior, which are generally not observable and may require use
of significant management judgment. The fair value of these
embedded derivatives are included, along with their funds
withheld hosts, in other invested assets with changes in fair
value recorded in net investment gains (losses). Changes in the
credit spreads on the underlying assets, interest rates, market
volatility or assumptions regarding policyholder behavior may
result in significant fluctuations in the fair value of these
embedded derivatives that could materially affect net income.
The accounting for embedded derivatives is complex and
interpretations of the primary accounting standards continue to
evolve in practice. If interpretations change, there is a risk
that features previously not bifurcated may require bifurcation
and reporting at fair value in the unaudited interim condensed
consolidated financial statements and respective changes in fair
value could materially affect net income.
Deferred
Policy Acquisition Costs and Value of Business
Acquired
The Company incurs significant costs in connection with
acquiring new and renewal insurance business. Costs that vary
with and relate to the production of new business are deferred
as DAC. Such costs consist principally of commissions and agency
and policy issue expenses. VOBA is an intangible asset that
reflects the estimated fair value of in-force contracts in a
life insurance company acquisition and represents the portion of
the purchase price that is allocated to the value of the right
to receive future cash flows from the business in-force at the
acquisition date. VOBA is based on actuarially determined
projections, by each block of business, of future policy and
contract charges, premiums, mortality and morbidity, separate
account performance, surrenders, operating expenses, investment
returns and other factors. Actual experience on the purchased
business may vary from these projections. The recovery of DAC
and VOBA is dependent upon the future profitability of the
related business. DAC and VOBA are aggregated in the financial
statements for reporting purposes.
DAC for property and casualty insurance contracts, which is
primarily composed of commissions and certain underwriting
expenses, is amortized on a pro rata basis over the applicable
contract term or reinsurance treaty.
DAC and VOBA on life insurance or investment-type contracts are
amortized in proportion to gross premiums, gross margins or
gross profits, depending on the type of contract as described
below.
The Company amortizes DAC and VOBA related to non-participating
and non-dividend-paying traditional contracts (term insurance,
non-participating whole life insurance, non-medical health
insurance, and traditional group life insurance) over the entire
premium paying period in proportion to the present value of
actual historic and expected future gross premiums. The present
value of expected premiums is based upon the premium requirement
of each policy and assumptions for mortality, morbidity,
persistency, and investment returns at policy issuance, or
policy acquisition, as it relates to VOBA, that include
provisions for adverse deviation and are consistent with the
assumptions used to calculate future policyholder benefit
liabilities. These assumptions are not revised after policy
issuance or acquisition unless the DAC or VOBA balance is deemed
to be unrecoverable from future expected profits. Absent a
premium deficiency, variability in amortization after policy
issuance or acquisition is caused only by variability in premium
volumes.
The Company amortizes DAC and VOBA related to participating,
dividend-paying traditional contracts over the estimated lives
of the contracts in proportion to actual and expected future
gross margins. The amortization includes interest based on rates
in effect at inception or acquisition of the contracts. The
future gross margins are dependent principally on investment
returns, policyholder dividend scales, mortality, persistency,
expenses to administer the business, creditworthiness of
reinsurance counterparties, and certain economic variables, such
as inflation. For participating contracts (dividend paying
traditional contracts within the closed block) future gross
margins are also dependent upon changes in the policyholder
dividend obligation. Of these factors, the Company anticipates
that investment returns, expenses, persistency, and other factor
changes and policyholder dividend scales are reasonably likely
to impact significantly the rate of DAC and VOBA amortization.
Each reporting period, the Company updates the estimated gross
margins with the actual gross margins for that period. When the
actual gross margins change from previously estimated gross
margins, the cumulative DAC and VOBA amortization is
re-estimated and adjusted by a cumulative charge or credit to
current operations. When actual gross margins exceed those
previously estimated, the DAC and VOBA amortization will
increase, resulting in a current period charge to
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earnings. The opposite result occurs when the actual gross
margins are below the previously estimated gross margins. Each
reporting period, the Company also updates the actual amount of
business in-force, which impacts expected future gross margins.
The Company amortizes DAC and VOBA related to fixed and variable
universal life contracts and fixed and variable deferred annuity
contracts over the estimated lives of the contracts in
proportion to actual and expected future gross profits. The
amortization includes interest based on rates in effect at
inception or acquisition of the contracts. The amount of future
gross profits is dependent principally upon returns in excess of
the amounts credited to policyholders, mortality, persistency,
interest crediting rates, expenses to administer the business,
creditworthiness of reinsurance counterparties, the effect of
any hedges used, and certain economic variables, such as
inflation. Of these factors, the Company anticipates that
investment returns, expenses, and persistency are reasonably
likely to impact significantly the rate of DAC and VOBA
amortization. Each reporting period, the Company updates the
estimated gross profits with the actual gross profits for that
period. When the actual gross profits change from previously
estimated gross profits, the cumulative DAC and VOBA
amortization is re-estimated and adjusted by a cumulative charge
or credit to current operations. When actual gross profits
exceed those previously estimated, the DAC and VOBA amortization
will increase, resulting in a current period charge to earnings.
The opposite result occurs when the actual gross profits are
below the previously estimated gross profits. Each reporting
period, the Company also updates the actual amount of business
remaining in-force, which impacts expected future gross profits.
Separate account rates of return on variable universal life
contracts and variable deferred annuity contracts affect
in-force account balances on such contracts each reporting
period. Returns that are higher than the Company’s
long-term expectation produce higher account balances, which
increases the Company’s future fee expectations and
decreases future benefit payment expectations on minimum death
benefit guarantees, resulting in higher expected future gross
profits. The opposite result occurs when returns are lower than
the Company’s long-term expectation. The Company’s
practice to determine the impact of gross profits resulting from
returns on separate accounts assumes that long-term appreciation
in equity markets is not changed by short-term market
fluctuations, but is only changed when sustained interim
deviations are expected. The Company monitors these changes and
only changes the assumption when its long-term expectation
changes. The effect of an increase/(decrease) by 100 basis
points in the assumed future rate of return is reasonably likely
to result in a decrease/(increase) in the DAC and VOBA balances
of approximately $100 million with an offset to the
Company’s unearned revenue liability of approximately
$25 million for this factor.
The Company also reviews periodically other long-term
assumptions underlying the projections of estimated gross
margins and profits. These include investment returns,
policyholder dividend scales, interest crediting rates,
mortality, persistency, and expenses to administer business.
Management annually updates assumptions used in the calculation
of estimated gross margins and profits which may have
significantly changed. If the update of assumptions causes
expected future gross margins and profits to increase, DAC and
VOBA amortization will decrease, resulting in a current period
increase to earnings. The opposite result occurs when the
assumption update causes expected future gross margins and
profits to decrease.
Over the past two years, the Company’s most significant
assumption updates resulting in a change to expected future
gross margins and profits and the amortization of DAC and VOBA
have been updated due to revisions to expected future investment
returns, expenses, in-force or persistency assumptions and
policyholder dividends on contracts included within the
Individual segment. The Company expects these assumptions to be
the ones most reasonably likely to cause significant changes in
the future. Changes in these assumptions can be offsetting and
the Company is unable to predict their movement or offsetting
impact over time.
Goodwill
Goodwill is the excess of cost over the fair value of net assets
acquired. Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment
at least annually or more frequently if events or circumstances,
such as adverse changes in the business climate, indicate that
there may be justification for conducting an interim test.
Impairment testing is performed using the fair value approach,
which requires the use of estimates and judgment, at the
“reporting unit” level. A reporting unit is the
operating segment or a business one level below the operating
segment, if discrete financial information is prepared and
regularly reviewed by management at that level.
67
For purposes of goodwill impairment testing, goodwill within
Corporate & Other is allocated to reporting units
within the Company’s business segments. If the carrying
value of a reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds its fair
value, the excess is recognized as an impairment and recorded as
a charge against net income. The fair values of the reporting
units are determined using a market multiple, a discounted cash
flow model, or a cost approach. The critical estimates necessary
in determining fair value are projected earnings, comparative
market multiples and the discount rate.
Liability
for Future Policy Benefits
The Company establishes liabilities for amounts payable under
insurance policies, including traditional life insurance,
traditional annuities and non-medical health insurance.
Generally, amounts are payable over an extended period of time
and related liabilities are calculated as the present value of
expected future benefits to be paid, reduced by the present
value of expected future premiums. Such liabilities are
established based on methods and underlying assumptions in
accordance with GAAP and applicable actuarial standards.
Principal assumptions used in the establishment of liabilities
for future policy benefits are mortality, morbidity, policy
lapse, renewal, retirement, investment returns, inflation,
expenses and other contingent events as appropriate to the
respective product type. These assumptions are established at
the time the policy is issued and are intended to estimate the
experience for the period the policy benefits are payable.
Utilizing these assumptions, liabilities are established on a
block of business basis. If experience is less favorable than
assumptions, additional liabilities may be required, resulting
in a charge to policyholder benefits and claims.
Liabilities for future policy benefits for disabled lives are
estimated using the present value of benefits method and
experience assumptions as to claim terminations, expenses and
interest.
Liabilities for unpaid claims and claim expenses for property
and casualty insurance are included in future policyholder
benefits and represent the amount estimated for claims that have
been reported but not settled and claims incurred but not
reported. Other policyholder funds include claims that have been
reported but not settled and claims incurred but not reported on
life and non-medical health insurance. Liabilities for unpaid
claims are estimated based upon the Company’s historical
experience and other actuarial assumptions that consider the
effects of current developments, anticipated trends and risk
management programs, reduced for anticipated salvage and
subrogation. The effects of changes in such estimated
liabilities are included in the results of operations in the
period in which the changes occur.
Future policy benefit liabilities for minimum death and certain
income benefit guarantees relating to certain annuity contracts
and secondary and paid up guarantees relating to certain life
policies are based on estimates of the expected value of
benefits in excess of the projected account balance and
recognizing the excess ratably over the accumulation period
based on total expected assessments. Liabilities for universal
and variable life secondary guarantees and
paid-up
guarantees are determined by estimating the expected value of
death benefits payable when the account balance is projected to
be zero and recognizing those benefits ratably over the
accumulation period based on total expected assessments. The
assumptions used in estimating these liabilities are consistent
with those used for amortizing DAC, and are thus subject to the
same variability and risk.
The Company periodically reviews its estimates of actuarial
liabilities for future policy benefits and compares them with
its actual experience. Differences between actual experience and
the assumptions used in pricing these policies and guarantees in
the establishment of the related liabilities result in variances
in profit and could result in losses. The effects of changes in
such estimated liabilities are included in the results of
operations in the period in which the changes occur.
Income
Taxes
Income taxes represent the net amount of income taxes that the
Company expects to pay to or receive from various taxing
jurisdictions in connection with its operations. The Company
provides for federal, state and foreign income taxes currently
payable, as well as those deferred due to temporary differences
between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and
liabilities. The Company’s accounting for income taxes
represents management’s best estimate of various events and
transactions.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities resulting from temporary
differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of
assets and liabilities are measured at the balance sheet date
using enacted tax rates expected to apply to
68
taxable income in the years the temporary differences are
expected to reverse. The realization of deferred tax assets
depends upon the existence of sufficient taxable income within
the carryback or carryforward periods under the tax law in the
applicable tax jurisdiction. Valuation allowances are
established when management determines, based on available
information, that it is more likely than not that deferred
income tax assets will not be realized. Significant judgment is
required in determining whether valuation allowances should be
established, as well as the amount of such allowances. When
making such determination, consideration is given to, among
other things, the following:
|
|
|
|
(i)
|
future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary
differences and carryforwards;
|
|
|
(ii)
|
future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences;
|
|
|
(iii)
|
taxable income in prior carryback years; and
|
|
|
(iv)
|
tax planning strategies.
|
The Company determines whether it is more likely than not that a
tax position will be sustained upon examination by the
appropriate taxing authorities before any part of the benefit is
recorded in the financial statements. A tax position is measured
at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than
50 percent likely of being realized upon settlement. The
Company may be required to change its provision for income taxes
when the ultimate deductibility of certain items is challenged
by taxing authorities or when estimates used in determining
valuation allowances on deferred tax assets significantly
change, or when receipt of new information indicates the need
for adjustment in valuation allowances. Additionally, future
events, such as changes in tax laws, tax regulations, or
interpretations of such laws or regulations, could have an
impact on the provision for income tax and the effective tax
rate. Any such changes could significantly affect the amounts
reported in the consolidated financial statements in the period
these changes occur.
Reinsurance
The Company enters into reinsurance transactions as both a
provider and a purchaser of reinsurance for its life and
property and casualty insurance products. Accounting for
reinsurance requires extensive use of assumptions and estimates,
particularly related to the future performance of the underlying
business and the potential impact of counterparty credit risks.
The Company periodically reviews actual and anticipated
experience compared to the aforementioned assumptions used to
establish assets and liabilities relating to ceded and assumed
reinsurance and evaluates the financial strength of
counterparties to its reinsurance agreements using criteria
similar to that evaluated in the security impairment process
discussed previously. Additionally, for each of its reinsurance
contracts, the Company determines if the contract provides
indemnification against loss or liability relating to insurance
risk, in accordance with applicable accounting standards. The
Company reviews all contractual features, particularly those
that may limit the amount of insurance risk to which the
reinsurer is subject or features that delay the timely
reimbursement of claims. If the Company determines that a
reinsurance contract does not expose the reinsurer to a
reasonable possibility of a significant loss from insurance
risk, the Company records the contract using the deposit method
of accounting.
Employee
Benefit Plans
Certain subsidiaries of the Holding Company sponsor
and/or
administer pension and other postretirement plans covering
employees who meet specified eligibility requirements. The
obligations and expenses associated with these plans require an
extensive use of assumptions such as the discount rate, expected
rate of return on plan assets, rate of future compensation
increases, healthcare cost trend rates, as well as assumptions
regarding participant demographics such as rate and age of
retirements, withdrawal rates and mortality. Management, in
consultation with its external consulting actuarial firm,
determines these assumptions based upon a variety of factors
such as historical performance of the plan and its assets,
currently available market and industry data and expected
benefit payout streams. The assumptions used may differ
materially from actual results due to, among other factors,
changing market and economic conditions and changes in
participant demographics. These differences may have a
significant effect on the Company’s consolidated financial
statements and liquidity.
Litigation
Contingencies
The Company is a party to a number of legal actions and is
involved in a number of regulatory investigations. Given the
inherent unpredictability of these matters, it is difficult to
estimate the impact on the Company’s financial position.
Liabilities are established when it is probable that a loss has
been incurred and the amount of the loss can
69
be reasonably estimated. Liabilities related to certain
lawsuits, including the Company’s asbestos-related
liability, are especially difficult to estimate due to the
limitation of available data and uncertainty regarding numerous
variables that can affect liability estimates. The data and
variables that impact the assumptions used to estimate the
Company’s asbestos-related liability include the number of
future claims, the cost to resolve claims, the disease mix and
severity of disease in pending and future claims, the impact of
the number of new claims filed in a particular jurisdiction and
variations in the law in the jurisdictions in which claims are
filed, the possible impact of tort reform efforts, the
willingness of courts to allow plaintiffs to pursue claims
against the Company when exposure to asbestos took place after
the dangers of asbestos exposure were well known, and the impact
of any possible future adverse verdicts and their amounts. On a
quarterly and annual basis, the Company reviews relevant
information with respect to liabilities for litigation,
regulatory investigations and litigation-related contingencies
to be reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial
statements. It is possible that an adverse outcome in certain of
the Company’s litigation and regulatory investigations,
including asbestos-related cases, or the use of different
assumptions in the determination of amounts recorded could have
a material effect upon the Company’s consolidated net
income or cash flows in particular quarterly or annual periods.
Economic
Capital
Economic capital is an internally developed risk capital model,
the purpose of which is to measure the risk in the business and
to provide a basis upon which capital is deployed. The economic
capital model accounts for the unique and specific nature of the
risks inherent in MetLife’s businesses. As a part of the
economic capital process, a portion of net investment income is
credited to the segments based on the level of allocated equity.
This is in contrast to the standardized regulatory risk-based
capital (“RBC”) formula, which is not as refined in
its risk calculations with respect to the nuances of the
Company’s businesses.
70
Results
of Operations
Discussion
of Results
The following table presents consolidated financial information
for the Company for the periods indicated:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Revenues
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Premiums
|
|
$
|
7,701
|
|
|
$
|
6,903
|
|
|
$
|
15,294
|
|
|
$
|
13,668
|
|
Universal life and investment-type product policy fees
|
|
|
1,421
|
|
|
|
1,307
|
|
|
|
2,838
|
|
|
|
2,587
|
|
Net investment income
|
|
|
4,584
|
|
|
|
4,835
|
|
|
|
9,091
|
|
|
|
9,355
|
|
Other revenues
|
|
|
371
|
|
|
|
411
|
|
|
|
766
|
|
|
|
795
|
|
Net investment gains (losses)
|
|
|
(362
|
)
|
|
|
(239
|
)
|
|
|
(1,248
|
)
|
|
|
(277
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues
|
|
|
13,715
|
|
|
|
13,217
|
|
|
|
26,741
|
|
|
|
26,128
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Policyholder benefits and claims
|
|
|
7,715
|
|
|
|
6,855
|
|
|
|
15,458
|
|
|
|
13,628
|
|
Interest credited to policyholder account balances
|
|
|
1,265
|
|
|
|
1,465
|
|
|
|
2,576
|
|
|
|
2,841
|
|
Policyholder dividends
|
|
|
446
|
|
|
|
432
|
|
|
|
876
|
|
|
|
856
|
|
Other expenses
|
|
|
2,963
|
|
|
|
2,834
|
|
|
|
5,639
|
|
|
|
5,730
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total expenses
|
|
|
12,389
|
|
|
|
11,586
|
|
|
|
24,549
|
|
|
|
23,055
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations before provision for income tax
|
|
|
1,326
|
|
|
|
1,631
|
|
|
|
2,192
|
|
|
|
3,073
|
|
Provision for income tax
|
|
|
381
|
|
|
|
476
|
|
|
|
598
|
|
|
|
892
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations
|
|
|
945
|
|
|
|
1,155
|
|
|
|
1,594
|
|
|
|
2,181
|
|
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income tax
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
|
946
|
|
|
|
1,163
|
|
|
|
1,594
|
|
|
|
2,180
|
|
Preferred stock dividends
|
|
|
31
|
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
|
64
|
|
|
|
68
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income available to common shareholders
|
|
$
|
915
|
|
|
$
|
1,129
|
|
|
$
|
1,530
|
|
|
$
|
2,112
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three
Months Ended June 30, 2008 compared with the Three Months
Ended June 30, 2007 — The Company
Income
from Continuing Operations
Income from continuing operations decreased by
$210 million, or 18%, to $945 million for the three
months ended June 30, 2008 from $1,155 million for the
comparable 2007 period.
The following table provides the change from the prior period in
income from continuing operations by segment:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ Change
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Corporate & Other
|
|
$
|
(215
|
)
|
Individual
|
|
|
(168
|
)
|
Auto & Home
|
|
|
(66
|
)
|
Institutional
|
|
|
188
|
|
International
|
|
|
30
|
|
Reinsurance
|
|
|
21
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total change
|
|
$
|
(210
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Corporate & Other’s income from continuing
operations decreased primarily due to an increase in net
investment losses, lower net investment income, higher interest
expense, higher legal costs, lower other revenues,
71
higher corporate expenses, and a decrease in tax benefits
partially offset by lower interest credited to bankholder
deposits and lower interest on uncertain tax positions.
The Individual segment’s income from continuing operations
decreased primarily due to an increase in net investment losses,
a decrease in interest margins, higher annuity benefits, an
increase in interest credited to policyholder account balances,
unfavorable underwriting results in life products and an
increase in policyholder dividends. These decreases in income
from continuing operations were partially offset by lower DAC
amortization, higher net investment income on blocks of business
not driven by interest margins and higher universal life and
investment-type product policy fees combined with other revenues
primarily resulting from business growth, partially offset by
unfavorable equity market performance.
The Auto & Home segment’s income from continuing
operations decreased primarily due to an increase in
policyholder benefits and claims, and policyholder dividends,
comprised primarily of an increase in catastrophe losses
resulting from severe thunderstorms and tornadoes in the
Midwestern and Southern states, and of increases from higher
claim frequencies, higher earned exposures, and policyholder
dividends. This decrease in income from continuing operations
was partially offset by a decrease in non-catastrophe
policyholder benefits and claims which resulted from lower
losses due to severity and from additional favorable development
of prior year losses. Also offsetting the decrease in income
from continuing operations was an increase in premiums driven by
increased exposures and a decrease in catastrophe reinsurance
costs, offset by a reduction in average earned premium per
policy. Further offsetting the decrease in income from
continuing operations was an increase in net investment income
primarily due to a realignment of economic capital offset by the
impact of a smaller asset base, and favorable changes to both
other revenues and other expenses. Also, a greater proportion of
tax advantaged investment income resulted in a decline in the
segment’s effective tax rate.
The Institutional segment’s income from continuing
operations increased primarily due to higher net investment
gains, an increase in interest margins, and lower expenses
related to DAC amortization due to the impact of the
implementation of
SOP 05-1
in the prior period and lower expenses related to the impact of
a charge in the prior period. These increases in income were
partially offset by a decrease in underwriting results.
The increase in the International segment’s income from
continuing operations was primarily attributable to net
investment losses, marginally offset by the impact of changes in
foreign currency exchange rates, and to strong performance in
the Latin America and Asia Pacific regions. Mexico’s income
from continuing operations increased primarily due to a decrease
in certain policyholder liabilities caused by a decrease in the
unrealized investment results on the invested assets supporting
those liabilities relative to the prior period, higher net
investment income due to an increase in invested assets as well
as the impact of higher inflation rates on indexed securities,
and lower claims, partially offset by higher expenses related to
business growth and infrastructure costs. Income from the
Company’s investment in Japan increased due to a decrease
in the cost of guaranteed annuity benefits, the impact of a
refinement in assumptions for the guaranteed annuity business,
and the favorable impact from the utilization of the fair value
option for certain fixed annuities, and an increase in fees from
assumed reinsurance, offset by a decrease from hedging
activities associated with Japan’s guaranteed annuity
benefits. Taiwan’s income from continuing operations
increased primarily due to an increase in invested assets and a
refinement in DAC capitalization. Contributions from the other
countries accounted for the remainder of the change in income
from continuing operations.
The Reinsurance segment’s income from continuing operations
increased primarily due to an increase in premiums due to growth
across RGA’s operations, an increase in other revenues, a
decrease in interest credited to policyholder account balances
and a decrease in net investment losses which was due to a
decrease in the fair value of embedded derivatives associated
with the reinsurance of annuity products on a funds withheld
basis. The increase in income from continuing operations due to
these items was offset by an increase in policyholder benefits
and claims, an increase in other expense, and a decrease in net
investment income.
Revenues
and Expenses
Premiums,
Fees and Other Revenues
Premiums, fees and other revenues increased by
$872 million, or 10%, to $9,493 million for the three
months ended June 30, 2008 from $8,621 million for the
comparable 2007 period.
72
The following table provides the change from the prior period in
premiums, fees and other revenues by segment:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
% of Total
|
|
|
|
$ Change
|
|
|
$ Change
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Institutional
|
|
$
|
542
|
|
|
|
62
|
%
|
International
|
|
|
199
|
|
|
|
23
|
|
Reinsurance
|
|
|
155
|
|
|
|
18
|
|
Individual
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
Auto & Home
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
Corporate & Other
|
|
|
(40
|
)
|
|
|
(5
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total change
|
|
$
|
872
|
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The growth in the Institutional segment was due to increases in
the retirement & savings, non-medical
health & other and group life businesses. The increase
in the retirement & savings business was primarily due
to an increase in premium in the group institutional annuity
business primarily due to higher domestic sales, partially
offset by lower premiums from the income annuity and structured
settlement businesses largely due to lower sales. The
non-medical health & other business increased
primarily due to growth in the dental, disability, individual
disability insurance (“IDI”) and accidental
death & dismemberment (“AD&D”)
businesses, and an acquisition that impacted the dental
business. Partially offsetting the increase in the non-medical
health & other business is a decrease in the long-term
care (“LTC”) business, primarily attributable to a
shift to deposit liability-type contracts in the latter part of
the prior year, partially offset by growth in the business. The
group life business increased primarily due to business growth
in term life and increases in universal life products and
corporate-owned life insurance, partially offset by a decrease
in assumed reinsurance.
The increase in the International segment was primarily due to
business growth in the Latin America and Asia Pacific regions,
as well as the impact of an acquisition in the latter, and the
impact of foreign currency exchange rates. Chile’s
premiums, fees and other revenues increased primarily due to
higher annuity sales, as well as higher institutional premiums
from its traditional and bank distribution channels. Premiums,
fees and other revenues increased in Hong Kong primarily due to
the acquisition of the remaining 50% interest in MetLife Fubon
in the second quarter of 2007 and the resulting consolidation of
the operation beginning in the third quarter of 2007.
Australia’s premiums, fees and other revenues increased
primarily due to growth in the institutional business and an
increase in retention levels. These increases in premiums, fees
and other revenues were partially offset by a decrease in
Argentina primarily due to pension reform, partially offset by
growth in its institutional and bancassurance businesses.
Contributions from the other countries account for the remainder
of the change.
The growth in the Reinsurance segment was primarily attributable
to premiums from new facultative and automatic treaties and
renewal premiums on existing blocks of business in all
RGA’s operating segments. In addition, other revenues
increased due to an increase in surrender charges on
asset-intensive business reinsured and an increase in fees
associated with financial reinsurance.
The growth in the Individual segment was primarily due to higher
fee income from universal life and investment-type products and
growth in premiums from other life products, partially offset by
unfavorable equity market performance in the current period, a
decrease in premiums associated with the Company’s closed
block business and a decrease in immediate annuity premiums.
The growth in the Auto & Home segment was primarily
due to an increase in premiums related to increased exposures, a
decrease in catastrophe reinsurance costs, partially offset by a
reduction in average earned premium per policy.
The decrease in Corporate & Other was primarily due a
favorable impact in the prior year from the resolution of an
indemnification claim associated with the 2000 acquisition of
General American Life Insurance Company (“GALIC”).
73
Net
Investment Income
Net investment income decreased by $251 million to
$4,584 million for the three months ended June 30,
2008 from $4,835 million for the comparable 2007 period.
Management attributes $596 million of this change to a
decrease in yields partially offset by an increase of
$345 million due to growth in the average invested assets.
The decrease in net investment income attributable to lower
yields was primarily due to lower returns on other limited
partnership interests, real estate joint ventures, fixed
maturity securities, and short term investments, partially
offset by improved securities lending results, and higher
returns on real estate and equity securities. Management
anticipates that investment income and the related yields on
other limited partnership interests will continue to decline
during 2008 due to increased volatility in equity and credit
markets. The decrease in net investment income attributable to
lower yields was partially offset by income attributable to
growth in the average invested assets, primarily within other
limited partnership interests, mortgage loans, real estate joint
ventures, and fixed maturity securities. The decrease in net
investment income is also attributable to a reduction in equity
option market values relative to certain funds withheld
portfolios associated with the reinsurance of equity indexed
annuity (“EIA”) products.
Interest
Margin
Interest margin, which represents the difference between
interest earned and interest credited to policyholder account
balances decreased in the Individual segment for the three
months ended June 30, 2008 as compared to the prior year.
Interest margins increased in the group life business, partially
offset by decreases in the non-medical health & other
and retirement & savings businesses, all within the
Institutional segment. Interest earned approximates net
investment income on investable assets attributed to the segment
with minor adjustments related to the consolidation of certain
separate accounts and other minor non-policyholder elements.
Interest credited is the amount attributed to insurance
products, recorded in policyholder benefits and claims, and the
amount credited to policyholder account balances for
investment-type products, recorded in interest credited to
policyholder account balances. Interest credited on insurance
products reflects the current period impact of the interest rate
assumptions established at issuance or acquisition. Interest
credited to policyholder account balances is subject to
contractual terms, including some minimum guarantees. This tends
to move gradually over time to reflect market interest rate
movements and may reflect actions by management to respond to
competitive pressures and, therefore, generally does not
introduce volatility in expense.
Net
Investment Gains (Losses)
Net investment losses increased by $123 million to a loss
of $362 million for the three months ended June 30,
2008 from a loss of $239 million for the comparable 2007
period. The increase in net investment losses is primarily due
to increased losses on fixed maturity and equity securities,
mortgage loans, other limited partnerships and real estate joint
ventures principally attributable to credit-related impairments.
These increased losses were partially offset by lower net
investment losses on derivatives resulting from improved
guarantee minimum benefit rider performance.
Underwriting
Underwriting results are generally the difference between the
portion of premium and fee income intended to cover mortality,
morbidity or other insurance costs, less claims incurred, and
the change in insurance-related liabilities. Underwriting
results are significantly influenced by mortality, morbidity or
other insurance-related experience trends, as well as the
reinsurance activity related to certain blocks of business.
Consequently, results can fluctuate from period to period.
Underwriting results, excluding catastrophes, in the
Auto & Home segment were favorable for the three
months ended June 30, 2008, as the combined ratio,
excluding catastrophes, decreased to 81.9% from 84.3% for the
three months ended June 30, 2007. Underwriting results were
unfavorable in the retirement & savings, group life
and non-medical health & other businesses in the
Institutional segment. Underwriting results were also
unfavorable in the life products in the Individual segment.
Other
Expenses
Other expenses increased by $129 million, or 5%, to
$2,963 million for the three months ended June 30,
2008 from $2,834 million for the comparable 2007 period.
74
The following table provides the change from the prior period in
other expenses by segment:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ Change
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Corporate & Other
|
|
$
|
88
|
|
International
|
|
|
82
|
|
Reinsurance
|
|
|
27
|
|
Individual
|
|
|
(42
|
)
|
Institutional
|
|
|
(25
|
)
|
Auto & Home
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total change
|
|
$
|
129
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The increase in other expenses was driven by an increase in
Corporate & Other primarily due to higher interest
expense, higher legal costs, and higher corporate expenses,
including incentive compensation, rent,
start-up
costs and information technology costs partially offset by a
reduction in deferred compensation expenses. The increases were
also partially offset by decreases in interest credited on
bankholder deposits and on uncertain tax positions.
International segment’s other expenses increase was driven
mainly by business growth in the Latin America and Asia Pacific
regions, and the impact of foreign currency exchange rates.
South Korea’s other expenses increased primarily due to
business growth, as well as an increase in DAC amortization
related to market performance. Mexico’s other expenses
increased due to higher expenses related to infrastructure costs
as well as business growth. The United Kingdom’s other
expenses increased due to business growth. Other expenses
increased in India primarily due to increased staffing and
growth initiatives. Contributions from the other countries
accounted for the remainder of the change.
The Reinsurance segment contributed to the year over year
increase in other expenses primarily due to an increase in
minority interest expense, an increase in compensation and
overhead-related expenses primarily associated with RGA’s
international expansion and general growth in operations, and an
increase in expenses associated with DAC. These decreases were
partially offset by a decrease in interest expense due primarily
to a decrease in interest rates on variable rate debt.
These increases in other expenses were offset by a decrease in
the Individual segment primarily due to lower DAC amortization
primarily relating to net investment losses in both periods and
current period revisions to management’s assumptions used
to determine estimated gross profits and margins. These
decreases were partially offset by business growth and an
increase in amortization resulting from changes in
management’s assumptions used to determine estimated gross
profits and margins associated with unfavorable equity market
performance during the current period.
The Institutional segment also contributed an offset due to
higher DAC amortization associated with the implementation of
SOP 05-1
in the prior period and a charge in the prior period related to
the reimbursement of certain dental claims. These were offset by
increases in non-deferrable volume-related expenses and
corporate support expenses.
The Auto & Home segment had a marginal decrease in
other expenses, with no single expense category contributing
significantly to the fluctuation.
Net
Income
Income tax expense for the three months ended June 30, 2008
was $381 million, or 28.7% of income from continuing
operations before provision for income tax, compared with
$476 million, or 29.2% of such income, for the comparable
2007 period. The 2008 and 2007 effective tax rates differ from
the corporate tax rate of 35% primarily due to the impact of
non-taxable investment income and tax credits for investments in
low income housing. In addition, the decrease in the effective
tax rate is primarily attributable to changes in the ratio of
permanent differences in income before income taxes.
75
Income from discontinued operations, net of income tax,
decreased by $7 million, or 88%, to $1 million for the
three months ended June 30, 2008 from $8 million for
the comparable 2007 period. This decrease is primarily due to a
net investment gain of $6 million, net of income tax, that
the Company recognized during the three months ended
June 30, 2007, with no similar amount recognized during the
three months ended June 30, 2008, related to MetLife
Australia annuities and pensions business which was sold to a
third party in the third quarter of 2007.
Six
Months Ended June 30, 2008 compared with the Six Months
Ended June 30, 2007 — The Company
Income
from Continuing Operations
Income from continuing operations decreased by
$587 million, or 27%, to $1,594 million for the six
months ended June 30, 2008 from $2,181 million for the
comparable 2007 period.
The following table provides the change from the prior period in
income from continuing operations by segment:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
% of Total
|
|
|
|
$ Change
|
|
|
$ Change
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Corporate & Other
|
|
$
|
(298
|
)
|
|
|
51
|
%
|
Individual
|
|
|
(206
|
)
|
|
|
35
|
|
Auto & Home
|
|
|
(88
|
)
|
|
|
15
|
|
Institutional
|
|
|
(79
|
)
|
|
|
13
|
|
Reinsurance
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
International
|
|
|
85
|
|
|
|
(14
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total change
|
|
$
|
(587
|
)
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Corporate & Other’s income from continuing
operations decreased primarily due to lower net investment
income, higher interest expense, higher legal costs, lower other
revenues and an increase in net investment losses. This decrease
was partially offset by lower corporate expenses, lower interest
credited to bankholder deposits, and lower interest on uncertain
tax positions. Tax benefits were flat over the comparable 2007
period.
The Individual segment’s income from continuing operations
decreased due to an increase in net investment losses, a
decrease in interest margins relating primarily to the general
account portion of its investment-type products. There were also
unfavorable underwriting results in life products, an increase
in interest credited to policyholder account balances due
primarily to lower amortization of the excess interest reserves
on acquired annuity and universal life blocks of business and an
increase in policyholder dividends due to growth in the
business. These decreases were partially offset by lower DAC
amortization, higher universal life and investment-type product
policy fees, higher net investment income on blocks of business
not driven by interest margins, lower expenses driven by the
write off of a receivable in the prior year and lower annuity
benefits, partially offset by higher amortization of sales
inducements.
The Auto & Home segment’s income from continuing
operations decreased primarily due to an increase in
policyholder benefits and claims, and policyholder dividends,
comprised primarily of an increase in catastrophe losses
resulting from severe thunderstorms and tornadoes in the
Midwestern and Southern states. Also increasing policyholder
benefits and claims was an increase from higher non-catastrophe
claim frequencies, an increase related to higher earned
exposures, an increase related to less favorable development of
prior year non-catastrophe losses and the unfavorable impact of
net investment gains (losses). These decreases were partially
offset by an increase in premiums related to increased
exposures, a decrease in catastrophe reinsurance costs and an
increase resulting from the change in estimate in the prior year
on auto rate refunds due to a regulatory examination. Offsetting
this increase in premiums was a decrease in premiums for the
reduction in average earned premium per policy and a decrease in
premiums from various involuntary programs. In addition,
increases in continuing operations were favorably impacted by an
increase in net investment income.
The Institutional segment’s income from continuing
operations decreased primarily due to higher net investment
losses and lower underwriting results compared to the prior
period. This was partially offset by a
76
decrease in policyholder benefits and claims related to net
investment gains (losses) and an increase in interest margins
compared to the prior period. In addition, there was a decrease
in other expenses due in part to lower expenses related to DAC
amortization primarily due to the impact of a charge due to the
implementation of
SOP 05-1
in the prior period. Also contributing to lower expenses was the
impact of a charge in the prior period.
The Reinsurance segment’s decrease in income from
continuing operations was due to an increase in net investment
losses, an increase in policyholder benefit and claims, and a
decrease in net investment income. This was substantially offset
by an increase in other revenue, an increase in premiums, and a
decrease in the interest credited to policyholder account
balances. There was also a decrease in other expenses related to
the reduction of expenses associated with DAC, including
reinsurance allowances paid, resulting from the change in the
value of embedded derivatives, a decrease in minority interest
and interest expense, partially offset by increases in
compensation and overhead-related expenses associated with
RGA’s international expansion and general growth in
operations.
Partially offsetting these decreases was an increase in the
International segment’s income from continuing operations
which includes the impact of net investment losses and a
favorable impact of foreign currency exchange rates and the
impact of strong performance in the Latin America and Asia
Pacific regions. Mexico’s increase in income from
continuing operations was primarily due to a decrease in certain
policyholder liabilities caused by a decrease in the unrealized
investment results on the invested assets supporting those
liabilities relative to the prior period, higher net investment
income due to an increase in invested assets as well as the
impact of higher inflation rates on indexed securities, and
business growth offset by the favorable impact in the prior year
from a decrease in experience refunds on Mexico’s
institutional business and from a lower increase in litigation
liabilities. Argentina’s increase in income from continuing
operations was primarily due to a reduction in the liability for
pension servicing obligations resulting from a refinement of
assumptions, a decrease in claims and market-indexed
policyholder liabilities resulting from pension reform,
partially offset by a decrease in death and disability premiums
due to pension reform. Argentina also benefited more
significantly in the prior year from the utilization of deferred
tax assets against which valuation allowances had previously
been established. Partially offsetting these increases is a
decrease in Japan resulting from an increase in the costs of
guaranteed annuity benefits, partially offset by the favorable
impact from the utilization of the fair value option for certain
fixed annuities, the impact of a refinement in assumptions for
the guaranteed annuity business from hedging activities
associated with Japan’s guaranteed annuity benefits and an
increase in fees from assumed reinsurance. Contributions from
the other countries accounted for the remainder of the change.
Revenues
and Expenses
Premiums,
Fees and Other Revenues
Premiums, fees and other revenues increased by
$1,848 million, or 11%, to $18,898 million for the six
months ended June 30, 2008 from $17,050 million for
the comparable 2007 period.
The following table provides the change from the prior period in
premiums, fees and other revenues by segment:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
% of Total
|
|
|
|
$ Change
|
|
|
$ Change
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Institutional
|
|
$
|
1,023
|
|
|
|
55
|
%
|
International
|
|
|
436
|
|
|
|
24
|
|
Reinsurance
|
|
|
339
|
|
|
|
18
|
|
Individual
|
|
|
54
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
Auto & Home
|
|
|
33
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
Corporate & Other
|
|
|
(37
|
)
|
|
|
(2
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total change
|
|
$
|
1,848
|
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Institutional segment’s premiums, fees and other
revenues increased largely due to increases in
retirement & savings, non-medical health &
other and group life businesses. The increase in the
retirement &
77
savings business was primarily due to increases in premium in
the group institutional annuity and structured settlement
businesses primarily due to higher sales. The increase in the
group institutional annuity business was primarily due to large
domestic sales and the first significant sale in the United
Kingdom business in the current period. Partially offsetting
these increases are lower sales in the income annuity business.
The growth in the non-medical health & other business
was largely due to increases in the dental, disability,
AD&D, and IDI businesses. The increase in the dental
business was primarily due to organic growth in the business and
the impact of an acquisition that closed in the first quarter of
2008. The increases in the disability, AD&D, and IDI
businesses are primarily due to continued growth in the
business. Partially offsetting these increases was a decline in
the LTC business, primarily attributable to a shift to deposit
liability-type contracts during the latter part of the prior
year, partially offset by growth in the business. The remaining
increase in the non-medical health & other business
was attributed to business growth across several products. The
increase in the group life business can primarily be attributed
to business growth in term life, and to increases in universal
life and corporate-owned life insurance products, partially
offset by decreases in assumed reinsurance and life insurance
sold to postretirement benefit plans.
The International segment’s premiums, fees and other
revenues increased due to business growth in the Latin America
and Asia Pacific regions, as well as the impact of an
acquisition in the latter, and the impact of foreign currency
exchange rates. Chile’s premiums, fees and other revenues
increased primarily due to higher annuity sales as well as
higher institutional premiums from its traditional and bank
distribution channels. Hong Kong’s premiums, fees and other
revenues increased due to the acquisition of the remaining 50%
interest in MetLife Fubon in the second quarter of 2007 and the
resulting consolidation of the operation beginning in the third
quarter of 2007, as well as business growth. Mexico’s
premiums, fees and other revenues increased due to growth in its
individual and institutional businesses, as well as the
reinstatement of premiums from prior periods partially offset by
a decrease in experience refunds in the prior year on
Mexico’s institutional business. Partially offsetting these
increases in the International segment’s premiums, fees and
other revenues is a decrease in Argentina’s premiums, fees
and other revenue primarily due to a decrease in premiums
resulting from pension reform, under which fund administrators
no longer provide death and disability coverage to the plan
participants, partially offset by growth in its institutional
and bancassurance business. Contributions from the other
countries accounted for the remainder of the change.
The Reinsurance segment’s increase in premiums, fees, and
other revenue was primarily associated with growth in premiums
from new facultative and automatic treaties and renewal premiums
on existing blocks of business in all RGA operating segments.
There was also an increase in other revenues primarily due to an
increase in surrender charges on asset-intensive business
reinsured and an increase in fees associated with financial
reinsurance.
The Individual segment’s premiums, fees, and other revenues
increased primarily due to an increase in universal life and
investment-type product policy fees combined with other revenues
related to slightly higher average account balances resulting
from business growth over the prior period, partially offset by
unfavorable equity market performance during the current period.
These increases were partially offset by a decrease in premiums
primarily due to a decrease in immediate annuity premiums and
decline in premiums associated with the Company’s closed
block of business in line with expectations. These decreases
were partially offset by growth in premiums from other life
products driven by increased renewals of traditional life
business.
The Auto & Home segment’s premiums, fees, and
other revenues increased primarily due to a premiums increase
related to increased exposures, a decrease in catastrophe
reinsurance costs and an increase resulting from the change in
estimate in the prior year on auto rate refunds due to a
regulatory examination. These increases were partially offset by
a decrease related to a reduction in average earned premium per
policy and a decrease in premiums from various involuntary
programs.
Partially offsetting these increases was a decrease in
Corporate & Other’s other revenues primarily
related to the prior year resolution of an indemnification claim
associated with the 2000 acquisition of GALIC.
78
Net
Investment Income
Net investment income decreased by $264 million to
$9,091 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008
from $9,355 million for the comparable 2007 period.
Management attributes $955 million of this change to a
decrease in yields, partially offset by an increase of
$691 million due to growth in average invested assets. The
decrease in net investment income attributable to lower yields
was primarily due to lower returns on other limited partnership
interests, real estate joint ventures, and short term
investments, partially offset by improved securities lending
results. Management anticipates that investment income and the
related yields on other limited partnership interests will
continue to decline during 2008 due to increased volatility in
equity and credit markets. The decrease in net investment income
attributable to lower yields was partially offset by income
attributable to growth in average invested assets, primarily
within other limited partnership interests, mortgage loans, real
estate joint ventures, and fixed maturity securities. The
decrease in net investment income is also attributable to a
reduction in equity option market values relative to certain
funds withheld portfolios associated with the reinsurance of
equity indexed annuity (“EIA”) products.
Interest
Margin
Interest margin, which represents the difference between
interest earned and interest credited to policyholder account
balances decreased in the Individual segment for the six months
ended June 30, 2008 as compared to the prior year. Interest
margins increased in the retirement & savings and
group life businesses, partially offset by a decrease in the
non-medical health & other business, all within the
Institutional segment. Interest earned approximates net
investment income on investable assets attributed to the segment
with minor adjustments related to the consolidation of certain
separate accounts and other minor non-policyholder elements.
Interest credited is the amount attributed to insurance
products, recorded in policyholder benefits and claims, and the
amount credited to policyholder account balances for
investment-type products, recorded in interest credited to
policyholder account balances. Interest credited on insurance
products reflects the current period impact of the interest rate
assumptions established at issuance or acquisition. Interest
credited to policyholder account balances is subject to
contractual terms, including some minimum guarantees. This tends
to move gradually over time to reflect market interest rate
movements and may reflect actions by management to respond to
competitive pressures and, therefore, generally does not
introduce volatility in expense.
Net
Investment Gains (Losses)
Net investment losses increased by $971 million to a loss
of $1,248 million for the six months ended June 30,
2008 from a loss of $277 million for the comparable 2007
period. The increase in net investment losses resulted from
increased losses on fixed maturity and equity securities,
mortgage loans, other limited partnerships and real estate joint
ventures principally attributable to credit related impairments
as well as increased losses on guaranteed minimum benefit riders
due to declines in equity markets slightly offset by
improvements from the widening of the Company’s own credit
spread. Also contributing to the increase in net investment
losses are foreign currency transaction losses.
Underwriting
Underwriting results are generally the difference between the
portion of premium and fee income intended to cover mortality,
morbidity or other insurance costs, less claims incurred, and
the change in insurance-related liabilities. Underwriting
results are significantly influenced by mortality, morbidity or
other insurance-related experience trends, as well as the
reinsurance activity related to certain blocks of business.
Consequently, results can fluctuate from period to period.
Underwriting results, excluding catastrophes, in the
Auto & Home segment were favorable for the six months
ended June 30, 2008, as the combined ratio, excluding
catastrophes, decreased to 84.9% from 85.6% for the six months
ended June 30, 2007. Underwriting results were unfavorable
in the retirement & savings and the group life
businesses and favorable in the non-medical health &
other business in the Institutional segment. Underwriting
results were unfavorable in the life products in the Individual
segment. Adverse mortality in the Reinsurance segment also
decreased underwriting results.
79
Other
Expenses
Other expenses decreased by $91 million, or 2%, to
$5,639 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008
from $5,730 million for the comparable 2007 period.
The following table provides the change from the prior period in
other expenses by segment:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ Change
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Reinsurance
|
|
$
|
(169
|
)
|
Individual
|
|
|
(103
|
)
|
Institutional
|
|
|
(51
|
)
|
International
|
|
|
123
|
|
Corporate & Other
|
|
|
108
|
|
Auto & Home
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total change
|
|
$
|
(91
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Reinsurance segment’s other expenses decreased due to a
reduction of DAC amortization due to the change in the value of
embedded derivatives associated with funds withheld
arrangements, primarily a result of the impact of widening
spreads in the U.S. debt markets and changes in risk free
rates used in the valuation of embedded derivatives associated
with EIAs. There was also a decrease in interest expense due
primarily to a decrease in interest rates on variable rate debt
and a decrease in minority interest expense. Partially
offsetting this decrease was an increase in compensation and
overhead-related expenses associated with RGA’s
international expansion and general growth in operations.
The Individual segment’s other expenses decreased due to
lower DAC amortization primarily relating to higher net
investment losses in both periods and current period revisions
to management’s assumptions used to determine estimated
gross profits and margins. These decreases were partially offset
by business growth and an increase in amortization resulting
from changes in management’s assumptions used to determine
estimated gross profits and margins associated with unfavorable
equity market performance during the current period. The
remaining decrease was driven by the write off of a receivable
in the prior period partially offset by an increase in
non-deferrable volume-related expenses, which includes those
expenses associated with information technology, compensation
and direct departmental spending.
The Institutional segment’s other expenses decreased due to
a reduction in DAC amortization primarily due to a charge
associated with the impact of DAC and VOBA amortization from the
implementation of
SOP 05-1
in the prior year. Also contributing to the decrease in other
expenses was the impact of a charge in the prior period related
to the reimbursement of certain dental claims. Non-deferrable
volume related expenses and corporate support expenses remained
relatively flat.
Partially offsetting these decreases was an increase in the
International segment’s other expenses mainly due to
business growth in the Asia Pacific and Latin America regions,
and the impact of foreign currency exchange rates. South
Korea’s other expenses increased due to business growth, as
well as an increase in DAC amortization related to market
performance. Mexico’s other expenses increased primarily
due to higher expenses related to business growth and
infrastructure costs, as well as a lower increase in litigation
liabilities in the prior year. India’s other expenses
increased primarily due to increased staffing and growth
initiatives. Partially offsetting these increases in other
expenses for International was a decrease in Argentina’s
other expenses primarily due to a reduction in the liability for
pension servicing obligations resulting from a refinement of
assumptions and methodology, as well as the availability of
government statistics regarding the number of participants
transferring to the government-sponsored plan under the pension
reform plan which was effective January 1, 2008. Partially
offsetting this decrease are higher commissions from growth in
the institutional and bancassurance businesses discussed above.
Contributions from the other countries accounted for the
remainder of the change.
Corporate & Other’s other expenses increased due
to higher interest expense due to the issuances of junior
subordinated debt in December 2007 and April 2008 and collateral
financing arrangements in May 2007 and December 2007, partially
offset by the prepayment of shares subject to mandatory
redemption in October 2007 and
80
the reduction of commercial paper outstanding. Legal costs were
higher primarily due to a decrease in the prior year for legal
liabilities resulting from the settlement of certain cases,
higher amortization and valuation of an asbestos insurance
recoverable. Corporate expenses were lower primarily due to a
reduction in deferred compensation expenses and lower corporate
support expenses, which included incentive compensation, rent,
start-up
costs, and information technology costs. Interest credited on
bankholder deposits decreased at MetLife Bank due to lower
interest rates, partially offset by higher bankholder deposits.
Interest on uncertain tax positions was lower as a result of a
settlement payment to the Internal Revenue Service
(“IRS”) in December 2007 and a decrease in published
IRS interest rates.
The Auto & Home segment had a marginal increase in
other expenses, as a result of higher compensation costs offset
by minor fluctuations in other expense categories.
Net
Income
Income tax expense for the six months ended June 30, 2008
was $598 million, or 27% of income from continuing
operations before provision for income tax, compared with
$892 million, or 29% of such income, for the comparable
2007 period. The 2008 and 2007 effective tax rates differ from
the corporate tax rate of 35% primarily due to the impact of
non-taxable investment income and tax credits for investments in
low income housing. In addition, the decrease in the effective
tax rate is primarily attributable to changes in the ratio of
permanent differences in income before income taxes.
Income from discontinued operations, net of income tax,
increased by $1 million for the six months ended
June 30, 2008 from ($1) million for the comparable
2007 period. The increase is primarily due to a
$24 million, net of income tax, loss recognized from
discontinued operations for the six months ended June 30,
2007, for reclassification of the operations of MetLife
Australia to discontinued operations. Partially offsetting the
loss was a gain of $16 million, related to additional
proceeds from the sale of SSRM and a $7 million gain from
discontinued operations, net of income tax, related to real
estate properties sold or held-for-sale during the six months
ended June 30, 2007. There was no similar amount recognized
in discontinued operations during the six months ended
June 30, 2008.
81
Institutional
The Company’s Institutional segment offers a broad range of
group insurance and retirement & savings products and
services to corporations and other institutions and their
respective employees. Group insurance products and services
include group life insurance, non-medical health insurance
products and related administrative services, as well as other
benefits, such as employer-sponsored auto and homeowners
insurance provided through the Auto & Home segment and
prepaid legal services plans. The Company’s Institutional
segment also offers group insurance products as employer-paid
benefits or as voluntary benefits where all or a portion of the
premiums are paid by the employee. Retirement &
savings products and services include an array of annuity and
investment products, including defined contribution plans,
guaranteed interest products and other stable value products,
accumulation and income annuities, and separate account
contracts for the investment management of defined benefit and
defined contribution plan assets.
The following table presents consolidated financial information
for the Institutional segment for the periods indicated:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Revenues
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Premiums
|
|
$
|
3,597
|
|
|
$
|
3,074
|
|
|
$
|
7,170
|
|
|
$
|
6,199
|
|
Universal life and investment-type product policy fees
|
|
|
210
|
|
|
|
186
|
|
|
|
434
|
|
|
|
377
|
|
Net investment income
|
|
|
1,972
|
|
|
|
2,087
|
|
|
|
4,001
|
|
|
|
4,001
|
|
Other revenues
|
|
|
172
|
|
|
|
177
|
|
|
|
362
|
|
|
|
367
|
|
Net investment gains (losses)
|
|
|
98
|
|
|
|
(206
|
)
|
|
|
(633
|
)
|
|
|
(294
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues
|
|
|
6,049
|
|
|
|
5,318
|
|
|
|
11,334
|
|
|
|
10,650
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Policyholder benefits and claims
|
|
|
4,016
|
|
|
|
3,385
|
|
|
|
7,928
|
|
|
|
6,860
|
|
Interest credited to policyholder account balances
|
|
|
613
|
|
|
|
772
|
|
|
|
1,297
|
|
|
|
1,498
|
|
Other expenses
|
|
|
593
|
|
|
|
618
|
|
|
|
1,167
|
|
|
|
1,218
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total expenses
|
|
|
5,222
|
|
|
|
4,775
|
|
|
|
10,392
|
|
|
|
9,576
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations before provision for income tax
|
|
|
827
|
|
|
|
543
|
|
|
|
942
|
|
|
|
1,074
|
|
Provision for income tax
|
|
|
279
|
|
|
|
183
|
|
|
|
310
|
|
|
|
363
|
|
Income from continuing operations
|
|
|
548
|
|
|
|
360
|
|
|
|
632
|
|
|
|
711
|
|
Income from discontinued operations, net of income tax
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$
|
549
|
|
|
$
|
362
|
|
|
$
|
633
|
|
|
$
|
718
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three
Months Ended June 30, 2008 compared with the Three Months
Ended June 30, 2007 — Institutional
Income
from Continuing Operations
Income from continuing operations increased by
$188 million, or 52%, to $548 million for the three
months ended June 30, 2008 from $360 million for the
comparable 2007 period.
Included in this increase were higher earnings of
$197 million, net of income tax, from higher net investment
gains. In addition, an increase of $13 million, net of
income tax, the result of an increase in policyholder benefits
and claims related to net investment gains (losses), contributed
to higher earnings. Excluding the impact from net investment
gains (losses), income from continuing operations decreased by
$22 million, net of income tax, compared to the prior
period.
82
A decrease in underwriting results of $95 million, net of
income tax, compared to the prior period, contributed to the
decrease in income from continuing operations. Management
attributed this decrease to the retirement & savings,
group life and non-medical health & other businesses
of $48 million, $44 million and $3 million, all
net of income tax, respectively. Underwriting results are
generally the difference between the portion of premium and fee
income intended to cover mortality, morbidity, or other
insurance costs less claims incurred, and the change in
insurance-related liabilities. Underwriting results are
significantly influenced by mortality, morbidity, or other
insurance-related experience trends, as well as the reinsurance
activity related to certain blocks of business. Consequently,
results can fluctuate from period to period.
An increase in interest margins of $28 million, net of
income tax, compared to the prior period, partially offset the
decrease in income from continuing operations. Management
attributed this increase primarily to the group life business,
which contributed $46 million, net of income tax, to the
increase, partially offset by decreases in non-medical
health & other and retirement & savings
businesses of $16 million and $2 million, net of
income tax, respectively. Interest margin is the difference
between interest earned and interest credited to policyholder
account balances. Interest earned approximates net investment
income on investable assets attributed to the segment with minor
adjustments related to the consolidation of certain separate
accounts and other minor non-policyholder elements. Interest
credited is the amount attributed to insurance products,
recorded in policyholder benefits and claims, and the amount
credited to policyholder account balances for investment-type
products, recorded in interest credited to policyholder account
balances. Interest credited on insurance products reflects the
current period impact of the interest rate assumptions
established at issuance or acquisition. Interest credited to
policyholder account balances is subject to contractual terms,
including some minimum guarantees. This tends to move gradually
over time to reflect market interest rate movements, and may
reflect actions by management to respond to competitive
pressures and, therefore, generally does not introduce
volatility in expense.
In addition, a decrease in other expenses partially offset the
decrease in income from continuing operations, due in part to
lower expenses related to DAC amortization of $8 million,
net of income tax, which was largely due to the impact of a
$12 million charge, net of income tax, due to the impact of
the implementation of
SOP 05-1
in the prior period. Also contributing to lower expenses was the
impact of a charge in the prior period of $9 million, net
of income tax. The remaining increase in operating expenses was
more than offset by the remaining increase in premiums, fees,
and other revenues.
Revenues
Total revenues, excluding net investment gains (losses),
increased by $427 million, or 8%, to $5,951 million
for the three months ended June 30, 2008 from
$5,524 million for the comparable 2007 period.
The increase of $542 million in premiums, fees and other
revenues was largely due to increases in the
retirement & savings, non-medical health &
other and group life businesses of $218 million,
$186 million and $138 million, respectively.
The increase in the retirement & savings business was
primarily due to an increase in premium in the group
institutional annuity business of $239 million, primarily
due to higher domestic sales. Partially offsetting this
increase, were lower premiums from the income annuity and
structured settlement businesses of $13 million and
$6 million, respectively, largely due to lower sales.
Premiums, fees and other revenues from retirement &
savings products are significantly influenced by large
transactions and, as a result, can fluctuate from period to
period.
The growth in the non-medical health & other business
was largely due to increases in the dental, disability, IDI and
AD&D businesses of $206 million. The increase in the
dental business was primarily due to organic growth in the
business and the impact of an acquisition that closed in the
first quarter of 2008. The increases in disability, IDI and
AD&D are primarily due to growth in the business. Partially
offsetting these increases was a decline in the LTC business of
$25 million, primarily attributable to a $37 million
decrease, which management attributed to a shift to deposit
liability-type contracts during the latter part of the prior
year, partially offset by growth in the business. The remaining
increase in the non-medical health and other business was
attributed to business growth across several products.
The group life business increased $138 million, which
management primarily attributed to a $101 million increase
in term life, largely due to the net impact of an increase in
sales, partially offset by a decrease in assumed
83
reinsurance. In addition, universal life and corporate-owned
life insurance products increased $24 million and
$11 million, respectively. The increase in universal life
products was largely attributable to lower experience rated
refunds in the current period. The increase in corporate-owned
life insurance was largely attributable to an increase in fee
income, which was mainly generated from new customers acquired
in the second half of the prior year.
Partially offsetting the increase in premium, fees and other
revenues was a decrease in net investment income of
$115 million. Management attributed $292 million of
this decrease to a decrease in yields, primarily due to lower
returns on other limited partnership interests including hedge
funds, real estate joint ventures, and fixed maturity
securities, partially offset by improved securities lending
results. This decrease in yields was partially offset by an
increase of $177 million, which management attributed to a
growth in average invested assets, primarily within other
limited partnership interests including hedge funds, mortgage
loans, and real estate joint ventures, driven by continued
business growth, particularly in the funding agreements and
global GIC businesses.
Expenses
Total expenses increased by $447 million, or 9%, to
$5,222 million for the three months ended June 30,
2008 from $4,775 million for the comparable 2007 period.
The increase in expenses was primarily attributable to
policyholder benefits and claims of $631 million, partially
offset by lower interest credited to policyholder account
balances of $159 million and lower other expenses of
$25 million.
The increase in policyholder benefits and claims of
$631 million included a $20 million decrease related
to net investment gains (losses). Excluding the decrease related
to net investment gains (losses), policyholder benefits and
claims increased by $651 million.
Retirement & savings’ policyholder benefits
increased $296 million, which was primarily attributable to
the group institutional annuity business of $299 million.
The increase in the group institutional annuity business was
primarily due to the aforementioned increase in premiums and the
impact of a charge of $64 million in the current period due
to a liability adjustment on a large annuity contract. The
increase in the group institutional annuity business was
slightly offset by favorable mortality in the current period.
Structured settlements increased $4 million, primarily due
to an increase in interest credited on future policyholder
benefits, the impact of a favorable liability refinement in the
prior period of $12 million, partially offset by less
unfavorable mortality in the current period and the
aforementioned decrease in premiums, fees and other revenues.
Partially offsetting these increases in policyholder benefits,
was a decrease in the income annuity business of
$6 million, primarily due to the aforementioned decrease in
premiums, fees and other revenues, partially offset by
unfavorable mortality and higher interest credited on future
policyholder benefits.
Group life’s policyholder benefits and claims increased
$187 million, mostly due to increases in the term life,
universal life, corporate-owned life insurance and in life
insurance sold to postretirement benefit plans products of
$117 million, $51 million, $16 million and
$3 million, respectively. The increases in term life,
universal life and corporate owned life insurance were primarily
due to the aforementioned increase in premiums, fees and other
revenues and included the impact of less favorable mortality
experience in the current period. The current period mortality
experience was negatively impacted by an unusually high number
of large claims in the specialty product areas. Included in the
term life increase is the net impact of favorable liability
refinements in the prior period of $20 million.
Non-medical health & other’s policyholder
benefits and claims increased by $168 million. An increase
of $181 million was largely due to the aforementioned
growth in the dental, disability, IDI and AD&D businesses,
higher claims in the AD&D and disability businesses,
partially offset by favorable morbidity in IDI. These increases
were partially offset by a decline in LTC of $15 million.
This decline was primarily attributable to the aforementioned
$37 million shift to deposit-type liability contracts,
partially offset by business growth, an increase in interest
credited on future policyholder benefits, and unfavorable claim
experience in the current period. Included in the overall
increase in non-medical health & other’s
policyholder benefits and claims is a $29 million favorable
impact related to certain prior period liability refinements in
the LTC and disability businesses.
84
Management attributed the decrease of $159 million in
interest credited to policyholder account balances to a
$248 million decrease from a decrease in average crediting
rates, which was largely due to the impact of lower short-term
interest rates in the current period, partially offset by an
$89 million increase, solely from growth in the average
policyholder account balances, primarily the result of continued
growth in the global GIC and funding agreement products.
Lower other expenses of $25 million included a decrease in
DAC amortization of $13 million, primarily due to an
$18 million charge associated with the impact of DAC and
VOBA amortization from the implementation of
SOP 05-1
in the prior period. Also contributing to the decrease in other
expenses was the impact of a $14 million charge in the
prior period related to the reimbursement of certain dental
claims. Partially offsetting the decrease in other expenses,
non-deferrable volume related expenses and corporate support
expenses increased $2 million. Non-deferrable volume
related expenses include those expenses associated with
information technology, compensation, and direct departmental
spending. Direct departmental spending includes expenses
associated with advertising, consultants, travel, printing and
postage.
Six
Months Ended June 30, 2008 compared with the Six Months
Ended June 30, 2007 — Institutional
Income
from Continuing Operations
Income from continuing operations decreased by $79 million,
or 11%, to $632 million for the six months ended
June 30, 2008 from $711 million for the comparable
2007 period.
Included in this decrease was lower earnings of
$221 million, net of income tax, from higher net investment
losses, partially offset by an increase of $30 million, net
of income tax, resulting from a decrease in policyholder
benefits and claims related to net investment gains (losses).
Excluding the impact from net investment gains (losses), income
from continuing operations increased by $112 million, net
of income tax, compared to the prior period.
An increase in interest margins of $113 million, net of
income tax, compared to the prior period, contributed to the
increase in income from continuing operations. Management
attributed this increase to the group life and
retirement & savings businesses of $82 million
and $43 million, net of income tax, respectively. Partially
offsetting these increases was a decrease in the non-medical
health & other business of $12 million, net of
income tax. Interest margin is the difference between interest
earned and interest credited to policyholder account balances.
Interest earned approximates net investment income on investable
assets attributed to the segment with minor adjustments related
to the consolidation of certain separate accounts and other
minor non-policyholder elements. Interest credited is the amount
attributed to insurance products, recorded in policyholder
benefits and claims, and the amount credited to policyholder
account balances for investment-type products, recorded in
interest credited to policyholder account balances. Interest
credited on insurance products reflects the current period
impact of the interest rate assumptions established at issuance
or acquisition. Interest credited to policyholder account
balances is subject to contractual terms, including some minimum
guarantees. This tends to move gradually over time to reflect
market interest rate movements, and may reflect actions by
management to respond to competitive pressures and, therefore,
generally does not introduce volatility in expense.
In addition, a decrease in other expenses contributed to the
increase in income from continuing operations, due in part to
lower expenses related to DAC amortization of $24 million,
net of income tax, primarily due to the impact of a
$29 million, net of income tax, charge due to the impact of
the implementation of
SOP 05-1
in the prior period. Also contributing to lower expenses was the
impact of a charge in the prior period of $9 million, net
of income tax.
The remaining increase in premiums, fees, and other revenues
also contributed to the increase in income from continuing
operations.
Lower underwriting results of $79 million, net of income
tax, compared to the prior period, partially offset the increase
in income from continuing operations. Management attributed this
decrease primarily to the group life and retirement &
savings businesses of $59 million and $24 million,
both net of income tax, respectively. Partially offsetting these
decreases was an increase of $4 million, net of income tax,
in the non-medical health & other business.
Underwriting results are generally the difference between the
portion of premium and fee income intended to cover mortality,
morbidity, or other insurance costs less claims incurred, and
the change in insurance-related
85
liabilities. Underwriting results are significantly influenced
by mortality, morbidity, or other insurance-related experience
trends, as well as the reinsurance activity related to certain
blocks of business. Consequently, results can fluctuate from
period to period.
Revenues
Total revenues, excluding net investment gains (losses),
increased by $1,023 million, or 9%, to $11,967 million
for the six months ended June 30, 2008 from
$10,944 million for the comparable 2007 period.
The increase of $1,023 million in premiums, fees and other
revenues was largely due to increases in the
retirement & savings, non-medical health &
other and group life businesses of $443 million,
$355 million and $225 million, respectively.
The increase in the retirement & savings business was
primarily due to increases in premium in the group institutional
annuity and structured settlement businesses of
$430 million and $31 million, respectively, both
primarily due to higher sales. The increase in the group
institutional annuity business was primarily due to large
domestic sales and the first significant sale in the United
Kingdom business in the current period. Partially offsetting
these increases are lower sales in the income annuity business
of $15 million. Premiums, fees and other revenues from
retirement & savings products are significantly
influenced by large transactions and, as a result, can fluctuate
from period to period.
The growth in the non-medical health & other business
was largely due to increases in the dental, disability,
AD&D, and IDI businesses of $384 million. The increase
in the dental business was primarily due to organic growth in
the business and the impact of an acquisition that closed in the
first quarter of 2008. The increases in the disability,
AD&D, and IDI businesses are primarily due to continued
growth in the business. Partially offsetting these increases was
a decline in the LTC business of $40 million, primarily
attributable to a $74 million decrease, which management
attributed to a shift to deposit liability-type contracts during
the latter part of the prior year, partially offset by growth in
the business. The remaining increase in non-medical
health & other was attributed to business growth
across several products.
The group life business increased $225 million, which
management primarily attributed to a $191 million increase
in term life, mainly due to the net impact of an increase in
sales, partially offset by a decrease in assumed reinsurance. In
addition, universal life and corporate-owned life insurance
products increased $28 million and $24 million,
respectively. The increase in universal life products was
primarily attributable to lower experience rated refunds in the
current period. The increase in corporate-owned life insurance
was largely attributable to higher experience rated refunds in
the prior period, as well as an increase in fee income which was
mainly generated from new customers acquired in the second half
of the prior year. Partially offsetting these increases was a
decrease in life insurance sold to postretirement benefit plans
of $18 million, primarily the result of the impact of a
large sale in the prior period.
Net investment income was flat to the prior year period.
Management attributed a $373 million increase to growth in
the average asset base, primarily within other limited
partnership interests including hedge funds, mortgage loans, and
real estate joint ventures, principally driven by continued
business growth, particularly in the funding agreement, global
GIC, and the non-medical health and other businesses. Management
attributed a $373 million reduction in net investment
income to a decrease in yields, primarily due to lower returns
on other limited partnership interests including hedge funds,
real estate joint ventures, and fixed maturity securities,
partially offset by improved securities lending results.
Expenses
Total expenses increased by $816 million, or 9%, to
$10,392 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008
from $9,576 million for the comparable 2007 period. The
increase in expenses was primarily attributable to policyholder
benefits and claims of $1,068 million, partially offset by
lower interest credited to policyholder account balances of
$201 million and lower other expenses of $51 million.
86
The increase in policyholder benefits and claims of
$1,068 million included a $46 million decrease related
to net investment gains (losses). Excluding the decrease related
to net investment gains (losses), policyholder benefits and
claims increased by $1,114 million.
Retirement & savings’ policyholder benefits
increased $512 million, which was primarily attributable to
the group institutional annuity and structured settlement
businesses of $469 million and $44 million,
respectively. The increase in the group institutional annuity
business was primarily due to the aforementioned increase in
premiums and the net impact of unfavorable liability adjustments
in both periods of $61 million, which was largely due to a
charge of $64 million in the current period due to a
liability adjustment on a large annuity contract. In addition,
the increase in the group institutional annuity business was
partially offset by favorable mortality in the current period.
The increase in structured settlements was largely due to the
aforementioned increase in premiums, an increase in interest
credited on future policyholder benefits and the impact of a
favorable liability refinement in the prior year period of
$12 million, partially offset by favorable mortality in the
current period. Partially offsetting these increases was a
decrease of $4 million in the income annuity business,
primarily attributable to the aforementioned decrease in
premiums, fees and other revenues, partially offset by an
increase in interest credited to future policyholder benefits
and the impact of a $5 million favorable liability
refinement in the prior period.
Non-medical health & other’s policyholder
benefits and claims increased by $306 million. An increase
of $311 million was largely due to the aforementioned
growth in the dental, disability, IDI and AD&D businesses
and higher claims in the AD&D business. These increases
were partially offset by favorable claim experience in
disability, favorable morbidity in IDI, and a decline in LTC of
$7 million. The LTC decrease was primarily attributable to
the aforementioned $74 million shift to deposit
liability-type contracts, partially offset by an increase in
interest credited on future policyholder benefits and business
growth. Included in the overall increase in non-medical
health & other’s policyholder benefits and claims
was a $29 million favorable impact related to certain prior
period liability refinements in the LTC and disability
businesses.
Group life’s policyholder benefits and claims increased
$296 million, mostly due to increases in the term life,
universal life and corporate owned life insurance products of
$223 million, $69 million and $26 million,
respectively, partially offset by a decrease of $22 million
in life insurance sold to postretirement benefit plans. The
increases in term life and universal life were primarily due to
the aforementioned increase in premiums, fees and other revenues
and included the impact of less favorable mortality experience
in the current period. The current period mortality experience
was negatively impacted by an unusually high number of large
claims in the specialty product areas. Included in the term life
increase was the net impact of favorable liability refinements
in the prior period of $20 million. The decrease in life
insurance sold to postretirement benefit plans was primarily due
to the aforementioned decrease in premiums and more favorable
mortality in the current period.
Management attributed the decrease of $201 million in
interest credited to policyholder account balances to a
$384 million decrease from a decline in average crediting
rates, which was largely due to the impact of lower short-term
interest rates in the current period, partially offset by a
$183 million increase, solely from growth in the average
policyholder account balances, primarily the result of continued
growth in the global GIC and funding agreement products.
Lower other expenses of $51 million include a decrease in
DAC amortization of $37 million, primarily due to a
$45 million charge associated with the impact of DAC and
VOBA amortization from the implementation of
SOP 05-1
in the prior year. Also contributing to the decrease in other
expenses was the impact of a $14 million charge in the
prior period related to the reimbursement of certain dental
claims. Non-deferrable volume related expenses and corporate
support expenses remained relatively flat. Non-deferrable volume
related expenses include those expenses associated with
information technology, compensation, and direct departmental
spending. Direct departmental spending includes expenses
associated with advertising, consultants, travel, printing and
postage.
87
Individual
The Company’s Individual segment offers a wide variety of
protection and asset accumulation products aimed at serving the
financial needs of its customers throughout their entire life
cycle. Products offered by Individual include insurance
products, such as traditional, variable and universal life
insurance, and variable and fixed annuities. In addition,
Individual sales representatives distribute disability insurance
and LTC insurance products offered through the Institutional
segment, investment products such as mutual funds, as well as
other products offered by the Company’s other businesses.
The following table presents consolidated financial information
for the Individual segment for the periods indicated:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Revenues
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Premiums
|
|
$
|
1,071
|
|
|
$
|
1,098
|
|
|
$
|
2,138
|
|
|
$
|
2,173
|
|
Universal life and investment-type product policy fees
|
|
|
917
|
|
|
|
880
|
|
|
|
1,820
|
|
|
|
1,733
|
|
Net investment income
|
|
|
1,702
|
|
|
|
1,805
|
|
|
|
3,399
|
|
|
|
3,537
|
|
Other revenues
|
|
|
155
|
|
|
|
155
|
|
|
|
303
|
|
|
|
301
|
|
Net investment gains (losses)
|
|
|
(260
|
)
|
|
|
(78
|
)
|
|
|
(363
|
)
|
|
|
(63
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues
|
|
|
3,585
|
|
|
|
3,860
|
|
|
|
7,297
|
|
|
|
7,681
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Policyholder benefits and claims
|
|
|
1,409
|
|
|
|
1,395
|
|
|
|
2,786
|
|
|
|
2,758
|
|
Interest credited to policyholder account balances
|
|
|
500
|
|
|
|
495
|
|
|
|
1,006
|
|
|
|
1,002
|
|
Policyholder dividends
|
|
|
442
|
|
|
|
432
|
|
|
|
869
|
|
|
|
854
|
|
Other expenses
|
|
|
939
|
|
|
|
981
|
|
|
|
1,927
|
|
|
|
2,030
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total expenses
|
|
|
3,290
|
|
|
|
3,303
|
|
|
|
6,588
|
|
|
|
6,644
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations before provision for income tax
|
|
|
295
|
|
|
|
557
|
|
|
|
709
|
|
|
|
1,037
|
|
Provision for income tax
|
|
|
96
|
|
|
|
190
|
|
|
|
233
|
|
|
|
355
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations
|
|
|
199
|
|
|
|
367
|
|
|
|
476
|
|
|
|
682
|
|
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income tax
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$
|
199
|
|
|
$
|
367
|
|
|
$
|
475
|
|
|
$
|
682
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three
Months Ended June 30, 2008 compared with the Three Months
Ended June 30, 2007 — Individual
Income
from Continuing Operations
Income from continuing operations decreased by
$168 million, or 46%, to $199 million for the three
months ended June 30, 2008 from $367 million for the
comparable 2007 period. Included in this decrease was an
increase in net investment losses of $118 million, net of
income tax. Excluding the impact of net investment gains
(losses), income from continuing operations decreased by
$50 million from the comparable 2007 period.
The decrease in income from continuing operations was driven by
the following items:
|
|
|
|
•
|
A decrease in interest margins of $81 million, net of
income tax. Interest margins relate primarily to the general
account portion of investment-type products. Management
attributed a $75 million decrease to the deferred annuity
business and a $6 million decrease to other investment-type
products, both net of income tax. Interest margin is the
difference between interest earned and interest credited to
policyholder account balances related to the general account on
these businesses. Interest earned approximates net investment
income on invested assets attributed to these businesses with
net adjustments for other non-policyholder elements. Interest
credited approximates the amount recorded in interest credited
to policyholder account
|
88
|
|
|
|
|
balances. Interest credited to policyholder account balances is
subject to contractual terms, including some minimum guarantees,
and may reflect actions by management to respond to competitive
pressures. Interest credited to policyholder account balances
tends to move gradually over time to reflect market interest
rate movements, subject to any minimum guarantees and,
therefore, generally does not introduce volatility in expense.
|
|
|
|
|
•
|
Higher annuity benefits of $17 million, net of income tax,
primarily due to higher guaranteed annuity benefit rider costs
net of related hedging results and higher amortization of sales
inducements.
|
|
|
•
|
An increase in interest credited to policyholder account
balances of $15 million, net of income tax, due primarily
to lower amortization of the excess interest reserves on
acquired annuity and universal life blocks of business.
|
|
|
•
|
Unfavorable underwriting results in life products of
$9 million, net of income tax. Underwriting results are
generally the difference between the portion of premium and fee
income intended to cover mortality, morbidity or other insurance
costs less claims incurred and the change in insurance-related
liabilities. Underwriting results are significantly influenced
by mortality, morbidity, or other insurance-related experience
trends, as well as the reinsurance activity related to certain
blocks of business. Consequently, results can fluctuate from
period to period.
|
|
|
•
|
An increase in policyholder dividends of $7 million, net of
income tax, due to growth in the business.
|
These aforementioned decreases in income from continuing
operations were partially offset by the following items:
|
|
|
|
•
|
Lower DAC amortization of $28 million, net of income tax,
primarily resulting from net investment losses in both periods
and current period revisions to management’s assumptions
used to determine estimated gross profits and margins. These
decreases were partially offset by business growth and an
increase in amortization resulting from changes in
management’s assumptions used to determine estimated gross
profits and margins associated with unfavorable equity market
performance during the current period.
|
|
|
•
|
Higher net investment income on blocks of business not driven by
interest margins of $26 million, net of income tax.
|
|
|
•
|
Higher universal life and investment-type product policy fees
combined with other revenues of $25 million, net of income
tax, primarily resulting from business growth over the prior
period, partially offset by the impact of lower average account
balances due to unfavorable equity market performance during the
current period.
|
Revenues
Total revenues, excluding net investment gains (losses),
decreased by $93 million, or 2%, to $3,845 million for
the three months ended June 30, 2008 from
$3,938 million for the comparable 2007 period.
Premiums decreased by $27 million primarily due to a
decrease in immediate annuity premiums of $7 million and a
$21 million decline in premiums associated with the
Company’s closed block of business, in line with
expectations. These decreases were partially offset by growth in
premiums from other life products of $1 million driven by
increased renewals of traditional life business.
Universal life and investment-type product policy fees combined
with other revenues increased by $37 million primarily
resulting from business growth over the prior period, partially
offset by the impact of lower average account balances due to
unfavorable equity market performance during the current period.
Policy fees from variable life and annuity and investment-type
products are typically calculated as a percentage of the average
assets in policyholder accounts. The value of these assets can
fluctuate depending on equity performance.
Net investment income decreased by $103 million. Net
investment income from the general account portion of
investment-type products decreased by $152 million, while
other businesses increased by $49 million. Management
attributes $1 million of the decrease to a lower average
asset base across various investment types. Additionally,
management attributes $102 million to a decrease in yields
primarily due to lower returns on other limited partnership
interests, real estate joint ventures and fixed maturity
securities, partially offset by higher securities lending
results.
89
Expenses
Total expenses decreased by $13 million, or less than 1%,
to $3,290 million for the three months ended June 30,
2008 from $3,303 million for the comparable 2007 period.
Policyholder benefits and claims increased by $14 million
primarily due to unfavorable mortality in the life products,
including the closed block, of $14 million. Higher
guaranteed annuity benefit rider costs net of related hedging
results of $15 million, and higher amortization of sales
inducements of $12 million also contributed to the increase
in policyholder benefits and claims. Additionally, policyholder
benefits and claims decreased by $27 million commensurate
with the decrease in premiums discussed above.
Interest credited to policyholder account balances increased by
$5 million. Interest credited on the general account
portion of investment-type products decreased by
$25 million, while other businesses increased by
$7 million. Of the $25 million decrease on the general
account portion of investment-type products, management
attributed $5 million to lower average policyholder account
balances resulting from a decrease in cash flows from annuities
and $20 million to lower crediting rates. Partially
offsetting these decreases was lower amortization of the excess
interest reserves on acquired annuity and universal life blocks
of business of $23 million primarily driven by lower lapses
in the current year.
Policyholder dividends increased by $10 million due to
growth in the business.
Lower other expenses of $42 million include lower DAC
amortization of $43 million primarily relating to net
investment losses in both periods and current period revisions
to management’s assumptions used to determine estimated
gross profits and margins. These decreases were partially offset
by business growth and an increase in amortization resulting
from changes in management’s assumptions used to determine
estimated gross profits and margins associated with unfavorable
equity market performance during the current period. The
remaining increase in other expenses of $1 million is due
to an increase in non-deferrable volume related expenses, which
include those expenses associated with information technology,
compensation and direct departmental spending. Direct
departmental spending includes expenses associated with
consultants, travel, printing and postage.
Six
Months Ended June 30, 2008 compared with the Six Months
Ended June 30, 2007 — Individual
Income
from Continuing Operations
Income from continuing operations decreased by
$206 million, or 30%, to $476 million for the six
months ended June 30, 2008 from $682 million for the
comparable 2007 period. Included in this decrease was an
increase in net investment losses of $195 million, net of
income tax. Excluding the impact of net investment gains
(losses), income from continuing operations decreased by
$11 million from the comparable 2007 period.
The decrease in income from continuing operations was driven by
the following items:
|
|
|
|
•
|
A decrease in interest margins of $102 million, net of
income tax. Interest margins relate primarily to the general
account portion of investment-type products. Management
attributed a $104 million decrease to the deferred annuity
business offset by a $2 million increase to other
investment-type products, both net of income tax. Interest
margin is the difference between interest earned and interest
credited to policyholder account balances related to the general
account on these businesses. Interest earned approximates net
investment income on invested assets attributed to these
businesses with net adjustments for other non-policyholder
elements. Interest credited approximates the amount recorded in
interest credited to policyholder account balances. Interest
credited to policyholder account balances is subject to
contractual terms, including some minimum guarantees, and may
reflect actions by management to respond to competitive
pressures. Interest credited to policyholder account balances
tends to move gradually over time to reflect market interest
rate movements, subject to any minimum guarantees and,
therefore, generally does not introduce volatility in expense.
|
|
|
•
|
Unfavorable underwriting results in life products of
$42 million, net of income tax. Underwriting results are
generally the difference between the portion of premium and fee
income intended to cover mortality, morbidity or other insurance
costs less claims incurred and the change in insurance-related
liabilities. Underwriting results are significantly influenced
by mortality, morbidity, or other insurance-related
|
90
|
|
|
|
|
experience trends, as well as the reinsurance activity related
to certain blocks of business. Consequently, results can
fluctuate from period to period.
|
|
|
|
|
•
|
An increase in interest credited to policyholder account
balances of $28 million, net of income tax, due primarily
to lower amortization of the excess interest reserves on
acquired annuity and universal life blocks of business.
|
|
|
•
|
An increase in policyholder dividends of $10 million, net
of income tax, due to growth in the business.
|
These aforementioned decreases in income from continuing
operations were partially offset by the following items:
|
|
|
|
•
|
Lower DAC amortization of $59 million, net of income tax,
primarily resulting from net investment losses in both periods
and current period revisions to management’s assumptions
used to determine estimated gross profits and margins. These
decreases were partially offset by business growth and an
increase in amortization resulting from changes in
management’s assumptions used to determine estimated gross
profits and margins associated with unfavorable equity market
performance during the current period.
|
|
|
•
|
Higher universal life and investment-type product policy fees
combined with other revenues of $56 million, net of income
tax, primarily related to slightly higher average account
balances resulting from business growth over the prior period,
partially offset by unfavorable equity market performance during
the current period.
|
|
|
•
|
Higher net investment income on blocks of business not driven by
interest margins of $38 million, net of income tax.
|
|
|
•
|
Lower expenses of $8 million, net of income tax, primarily
due to a write-off of a receivable from one of the
Company’s joint venture partners in the prior period,
partially offset by higher non-deferrable volume related
expenses.
|
|
|
•
|
Lower annuity benefits of $4 million, net of income tax,
primarily due to lower guaranteed annuity benefit rider costs
net of related hedging results, partially offset by higher
amortization of sales inducements.
|
The change in effective tax rates between periods accounts for
the remainder of the increase in income from continuing
operations.
Revenues
Total revenues, excluding net investment gains (losses),
decreased by $84 million, or 1%, to $7,660 million for
the six months ended June 30, 2008 from $7,744 million
for the comparable 2007 period.
Premiums decreased by $35 million primarily due to a
decrease in immediate annuity premiums of $10 million and a
$46 million decline in premiums associated with the
Company’s closed block of business in line with
expectations. These decreases were partially offset by growth in
premiums from other life products of $21 million driven by
increased renewals of traditional life business.
Universal life and investment-type product policy fees combined
with other revenues increased by $89 million primarily
related to slightly higher average account balances resulting
from business growth over the prior period, partially offset by
unfavorable equity market performance during the current period.
Policy fees from variable life and annuity and investment-type
products are typically calculated as a percentage of the average
assets in policyholder accounts. The value of these assets can
fluctuate depending on equity performance.
Net investment income decreased by $138 million. Net
investment income from the general account portion of
investment-type products decreased by $188 million, while
other businesses increased by $50 million. Management
attributes $16 million of the decrease to a lower average
asset base across various investment types. Additionally,
management attributes $122 million to a decrease in yields
primarily due to lower returns on other limited partnership
interests and real estate joint ventures, partially offset by
higher securities lending results and higher returns on fixed
maturity securities.
91
Expenses
Total expenses decreased by $56 million, or 1%, to
$6,588 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008
from $6,644 million for the comparable 2007 period.
Policyholder benefits and claims increased by $28 million
primarily due to unfavorable mortality in the life products,
including the closed block, of $69 million. Lower net
guaranteed annuity benefit rider costs net of related hedging
results of $16 million were partially offset by higher
amortization of sales inducements of $10 million.
Additionally, policyholder benefits and claims decreased by
$35 million commensurate with the decrease in premiums
discussed above.
Interest credited to policyholder account balances increased by
$4 million. Interest credited on the general account
portion of investment-type products decreased by
$46 million, while other businesses increased by
$7 million. Of the $46 million decrease on the general
account portion of investment-type products, management
attributed $18 million to lower average policyholder
account balances resulting from a decrease in cash flows from
annuities and $28 million to lower crediting rates.
Partially offsetting these decreases was lower amortization of
the excess interest reserves on acquired annuity and universal
life blocks of business of $43 million primarily driven by
lower lapses in the current year.
Policyholder dividends increased by $15 million due to
growth in the business.
Lower other expenses of $103 million include lower DAC
amortization of $91 million primarily relating to net
investment losses in both periods and current period revisions
to management’s assumptions used to determine estimated
gross profits and margins. These decreases were partially offset
by business growth and an increase in amortization resulting
from changes in management’s assumptions used to determine
estimated gross profits and margins associated with unfavorable
equity market performance during the current period. The
remaining decrease in other expenses of $12 million is
driven by a $24 million decrease associated with a
write-off of a receivable from one of the Company’s joint
venture partners in the prior period partially offset by an
increase in non-deferrable volume related expenses of
$12 million, which include those expenses associated with
information technology, compensation and direct departmental
spending. Direct departmental spending includes expenses
associated with consultants, travel, printing and postage.
92
International
International provides life insurance, accident and health
insurance, credit insurance, annuities and
retirement & savings products to both individuals and
groups. The Company focuses on emerging markets primarily within
the Latin America, Europe and Asia Pacific regions.
The following table presents consolidated financial information
for the International segment for the periods indicated:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Revenues
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Premiums
|
|
$
|
920
|
|
|
$
|
777
|
|
|
$
|
1,824
|
|
|
$
|
1,492
|
|
Universal life and investment-type product policy fees
|
|
|
294
|
|
|
|
241
|
|
|
|
584
|
|
|
|
477
|
|
Net investment income
|
|
|
356
|
|
|
|
271
|
|
|
|
625
|
|
|
|
521
|
|
Other revenues
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
|
16
|
|
Net investment gains (losses)
|
|
|
(136
|
)
|
|
|
20
|
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
44
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues
|
|
|
1,440
|
|
|
|
1,312
|
|
|
|
3,045
|
|
|
|
2,550
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Policyholder benefits and claims
|
|
|
620
|
|
|
|
639
|
|
|
|
1,446
|
|
|
|
1,231
|
|
Interest credited to policyholder account balances
|
|
|
89
|
|
|
|
81
|
|
|
|
136
|
|
|
|
159
|
|
Policyholder dividends
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
Other expenses
|
|
|
471
|
|
|
|
389
|
|
|
|
899
|
|
|
|
776
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total expenses
|
|
|
1,182
|
|
|
|
1,109
|
|
|
|
2,485
|
|
|
|
2,167
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations before provision for income tax
|
|
|
258
|
|
|
|
203
|
|
|
|
560
|
|
|
|
383
|
|
Provision for income tax
|
|
|
85
|
|
|
|
60
|
|
|
|
201
|
|
|
|
109
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations
|
|
|
173
|
|
|
|
143
|
|
|
|
359
|
|
|
|
274
|
|
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income tax
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(16
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(47
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$
|
173
|
|
|
$
|
127
|
|
|
$
|
359
|
|
|
$
|
227
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three
Months Ended June 30, 2008 compared with the Three Months
Ended June 30, 2007 — International
Income
from Continuing Operations
Income from continuing operations increased by $30 million,
or 21%, to $173 million for the three months ended
June 30, 2008 from $143 million for the comparable
2007 period. This increase includes the impact of net investment
losses of $109 million, net of income tax, and favorable
impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates of
$4 million, net of income tax.
Excluding the impact of net investment losses and of changes in
foreign currency exchange rates, income from continuing
operations increased by $135 million from the comparable
2007 period.
Income from continuing operations increased in:
|
|
|
|
•
|
Mexico by $129 million, net of income tax, primarily due to
a decrease in certain policyholder liabilities caused by a
decrease in the unrealized investment results on the invested
assets supporting those liabilities relative to the prior
period, higher net investment income due to an increase in
invested assets as well as the impact of higher inflation rates
on indexed securities, and lower claims experience, partially
offset by higher expenses related to business growth and
infrastructure costs.
|
|
|
•
|
Japan by $10 million due to an increase of
$23 million, net of income tax, in the Company’s
earnings from its investment in Japan due to a decrease in the
costs of guaranteed annuity benefits, the impact of a refinement
|
93
|
|
|
|
|
in assumptions for the guaranteed annuity business, and the
favorable impact from the utilization of the fair value option
for certain fixed annuities, and an increase of $3 million,
net of income tax, in fees from assumed reinsurance, partially
offset by a decrease of $16 million, net of income tax,
from hedging activities associated with Japan’s guaranteed
annuity benefits.
|
|
|
|
|
•
|
Taiwan by $4 million, net of income tax, primarily due to
an increase in invested assets and a refinement in DAC
capitalization.
|
|
|
•
|
Australia and the United Kingdom by $3 million and
$2 million, respectively, primarily due to business growth.
|
These increases were partially offset by decreases in:
|
|
|
|
•
|
South Korea by $8 million, net of income tax, primarily due
to higher claims and operating expenses, including an increase
in DAC amortization related to market performance, partially
offset by higher revenues from business growth.
|
|
|
•
|
The home office by $2 million primarily due to an increase
in the amount charged for economic capital.
|
Contributions from the other countries account for the remainder
of the change in income from continuing operations.
Revenues
Total revenues, excluding net investment gains (losses),
increased by $284 million, or 22%, to $1,576 million
for the three months ended June 30, 2008 from
$1,292 million for the comparable 2007 period. Excluding
the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates of
$50 million, total revenues increased by $234 million,
or 17%, from the comparable 2007 period.
Premiums, fees and other revenues increased by
$199 million, or 19%, to $1,220 million for the three
months ended June 30, 2008 from $1,021 million for the
comparable 2007 period. Excluding the impact of changes in
foreign currency exchange rates of $36 million, premiums,
fees and other revenues increased by $163 million, or 15%,
from the comparable 2007 period.
Premiums, fees and other revenues increased in:
|
|
|
|
•
|
Chile by $69 million primarily due to higher annuity sales
as well as higher institutional premiums from its traditional
and bank distribution channels.
|
|
|
•
|
Hong Kong by $42 million primarily due to the acquisition
of the remaining 50% interest in MetLife Fubon in the second
quarter of 2007 and the resulting consolidation of the operation
beginning in the third quarter of 2007.
|
|
|
•
|
Australia by $14 million as a result of growth in the
institutional business and an increase in retention levels.
|
|
|
•
|
South Korea by $12 million due to growth in its traditional
business, guaranteed annuity and variable universal life
businesses.
|
|
|
•
|
The United Kingdom, India, Brazil, Belgium and Ireland by
$11 million, $10 million, $6 million,
$4 million and $2 million, respectively, due to
business growth.
|
|
|
•
|
The Company’s Japan operation by $5 million due to an
increase in fees from assumed reinsurance.
|
|
|
•
|
Mexico by $3 million due to an increase in fees from growth
in its individual business, partially offset by a decrease in
renewals in its institutional business.
|
Partially offsetting these increases, premiums, fees and other
revenues decreased in Argentina by $16 million primarily
due to a decrease in premiums resulting from pension reform,
under which fund administrators no longer provide death and
disability coverage to the plan participants, partially offset
by growth in its institutional and bancassurance business.
Contributions from the other countries account for the remainder
of the change in premiums, fees and other revenues.
Net investment income increased by $85 million, or 31%, to
$356 million for the three months ended June 30, 2008
from $271 million for the comparable 2007 period. Excluding
the impact of changes in foreign currency
94
exchange rates of $14 million, net investment income
increased by $71 million, or 25% from the comparable 2007
period.
Net investment income increased in:
|
|
|
|
•
|
Chile by $33 million due to the impact of higher inflation
rates on indexed securities, the valuations and returns of which
are linked to inflation rates, as well as an increase in
invested assets.
|
|
|
•
|
Mexico by $22 million due to an increase in invested assets
as well as the impact of higher inflation rates on indexed
securities.
|
|
|
•
|
Brazil by $7 million due to gains in the trading portfolio,
as well as an increase in invested assets resulting from growth
and a capital contribution in the first quarter of 2008.
|
|
|
•
|
South Korea and Taiwan by $4 million and $3 million,
respectively, due to increases in invested assets.
|
|
|
•
|
Hong Kong by $3 million due to the acquisition of the
remaining 50% interest in MetLife Fubon in the second quarter of
2007 and the resulting consolidation of the operation beginning
in the third quarter of 2007, which reflects losses in the
current period on the trading securities portfolio which
supports unit-linked policyholder liabilities.
|
|
|
•
|
Ireland by $2 million due to higher invested assets
resulting from capital contributions in the prior year.
|
Partially offsetting these increases, net investment income
decreased in:
|
|
|
|
•
|
The home office by $3 million primarily due to an increase
in the amount charged for economic capital.
|
|
|
•
|
Japan by $1 million due to a decrease of $24 million
from hedging activities associated with Japan’s guaranteed
annuity, offset by an increase of $23 million, net of
income tax, in the Company’s earnings from its investment
in Japan due to a decrease in the costs of guaranteed annuity
benefits, the impact of a refinement in assumptions for the
guaranteed annuity business, and the favorable impact from the
utilization of the fair value option for certain fixed annuities.
|
Contributions from the other countries account for the remainder
of the change in net investment income.
Expenses
Total expenses increased by $73 million, or 7%, to
$1,182 million for the three months ended June 30,
2008 from $1,109 million for the comparable 2007 period.
Excluding the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange
rates of $43 million, total expenses increased by
$30 million, or 3%, from the comparable 2007 period.
Policyholder benefits and claims, policyholder dividends and
interest credited to policyholder account balances decreased by
$9 million, or 1%, to $711 million for the three
months ended June 30, 2008 from $720 million for the
comparable 2007 period. Excluding the impact of changes in
foreign currency exchange rates of $31 million,
policyholder benefits and claims, policyholder dividends and
interest credited to policyholder account balances decreased by
$40 million, or 5%, from the comparable 2007 period.
Policyholder benefits and claims, policyholder dividends and
interest credited to policyholder account balances decreased in:
|
|
|
|
•
|
Mexico by $187 million, primarily due to a decrease in
certain policyholder liabilities of $194 million caused by
a decrease in the unrealized investment results on the invested
assets supporting those liabilities relative to the prior
period, as well as lower claims experience, partially offset by
increases in reserves from business growth and an increase in
interest credited to policyholder account balances of
$10 million commensurate with the growth in investment
income discussed above.
|
|
|
•
|
Argentina by $18 million primarily due to a decrease in
claims and market-indexed policyholder liabilities resulting
from pension reform, under which fund administrators no longer
provide death and disability coverage to the plan participants.
|
95
Partially offsetting these decreases in policyholder benefits
and claims, policyholder dividends and interest credited to
policyholder account balances increased in:
|
|
|
|
•
|
Chile by $98 million primarily due to an increase in the
annuity and institutional business mentioned above, as well as
an increase in inflation indexed policyholder liabilities
commensurate with the increase in net investment income from
inflation-indexed assets.
|
|
|
•
|
Hong Kong by $40 million due to the acquisition of the
remaining 50% interest in MetLife Fubon in the second quarter of
2007 and the resulting consolidation of the operation beginning
in the third quarter of 2007, which includes negative interest
credited to unit-linked policyholder liabilities reflecting the
losses of the trading portfolio backing these liabilities as
discussed in the net investment income section above.
|
|
|
•
|
South Korea by $9 million primarily due to higher claims
from business growth.
|
|
|
•
|
Brazil by $7 million primarily due to an increase in
interest credited to unit-linked policyholder liabilities
reflecting the gains in the trading portfolio discussed above.
|
|
|
•
|
Australia by $6 million due to growth in the institutional
business and an increase in retention levels.
|
|
|
•
|
India by $4 million due to business growth.
|
Contributions from the other countries account for the remainder
of the change.
Other expenses increased by $82 million, or 21%, to
$471 million for the three months ended June 30, 2008
from $389 million for the comparable 2007 period. Excluding
the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates of
$12 million, total expenses increased by $70 million,
or 17%, from the comparable 2007 period.
Other expenses increased in:
|
|
|
|
•
|
South Korea by $17 million due to business growth, as well
as an increase in DAC amortization related to market performance.
|
|
|
•
|
Mexico by $13 million primarily due to higher expenses
related to infrastructure costs as well as business growth.
|
|
|
•
|
The United Kingdom by $9 million due to business growth.
|
|
|
•
|
India by $6 million primarily due to increased staffing and
growth initiatives.
|
|
|
•
|
Hong Kong by $5 million due to the acquisition of the
remaining 50% interest in MetLife Fubon in the second quarter of
2007 and the resulting consolidation of the operation beginning
in the third quarter of 2007.
|
|
|
•
|
Australia, Brazil, Belgium and Chile by $5 million,
$4 million, $4 million and $3 million,
respectively, primarily due to higher commissions related to
business growth.
|
|
|
•
|
Ireland by $3 million due to expenses related to growth
initiatives.
|
Partially offsetting these increases in other expenses was a
decrease in Taiwan by $3 million due to a refinement in DAC
capitalization.
Contributions from the other countries account for the remainder
of the change.
96
Six
Months Ended June 30, 2008 compared with the Six Months
Ended June 30, 2007 — International
Income
from Continuing Operations
Income from continuing operations increased by $85 million,
or 31%, to $359 million for the six months ended
June 30, 2008 from $274 million for the comparable
2007 period. This increase includes the impact of net investment
losses of $37 million, net of income tax, and favorable
impact of foreign currency exchange rates of $10 million,
net of income tax.
Excluding the impact of net investment losses and of changes in
foreign currency exchange rates, income from continuing
operations increased by $112 million from the comparable
2007 period.
Income from continuing operations increased in:
|
|
|
|
•
|
Mexico by $96 million, net of income tax, primarily due to
a decrease in certain policyholder liabilities caused by a
decrease in the unrealized investment results on the invested
assets supporting those liabilities relative to the prior
period, the reinstatement of premiums from prior periods, growth
in the individual and institutional businesses, higher net
investment income due to an increase in invested assets as well
as the impact of higher inflation rates on indexed securities,
and lower claims experience, partially offset by higher expenses
related to business growth and infrastructure costs, the
favorable impact in the prior year of a decrease in experience
refunds on Mexico’s institutional business, a lower
increase in litigation liabilities in the prior year, as well as
a valuation allowance established against net operating losses.
|
|
|
•
|
Argentina by $15 million, net of income tax, primarily due
to a reduction in the liability for pension servicing
obligations of $23 million, net of income tax, resulting
from a refinement of assumptions and the availability of
statistics from the government regarding the number of
participants transferring to the government-sponsored plan under
pension reform which was effective January 1, 2008, a
decrease in claims and market-indexed policyholder liabilities
resulting from pension reform, under which fund administrators
no longer provide death and disability coverage to the plan
participants, partially offset by a decrease in death and
disability premiums due to pension reform. Argentina also
benefited more significantly in the prior year from the
utilization of deferred tax assets against which valuation
allowances had previously been established.
|
|
|
•
|
Ireland by $10 million, net of income tax, due to foreign
currency transaction gains and a tax benefit in the current
period, partially offset by the utilization in the prior year of
net operating losses for which a valuation allowance had been
previously established.
|
|
|
•
|
Hong Kong by $9 million, net of income tax, due to the
acquisition of the remaining 50% interest in MetLife Fubon in
the second quarter of 2007 and the resulting consolidation of
the operation beginning in the third quarter of 2007, as well as
business growth.
|
|
|
•
|
Taiwan by $2 million, net of income tax, primarily due to
an increase in invested assets and a refinement in DAC
capitalization, offset by an increase in liabilities resulting
from a refinement of methodologies related to the estimation of
profit emergence on certain blocks of business.
|
|
|
•
|
Australia and the United Kingdom by $5 million and
$4 million, respectively, primarily due to business growth.
|
Partially offsetting these increases, income from continuing
operations decreased in:
|
|
|
|
•
|
Japan by $13 million, net of income tax, due to a decrease
of $30 million, net of income tax, in the Company’s
earnings from its investment in Japan resulting from an increase
in the costs of guaranteed annuity benefits, partially offset by
the favorable impact from the utilization of the fair value
option for certain fixed annuities, the impact of a refinement
in assumptions for the guaranteed annuity business, an increase
of $10 million, net of income tax, from hedging activities
associated with Japan’s guaranteed annuity benefits and an
increase of $7 million, net of income tax, in fees from
assumed reinsurance.
|
|
|
•
|
South Korea by $9 million, net of income tax, primarily due
to higher claims and operating expenses, including an increase
in DAC amortization related to market performance, partially
offset by higher revenues from business growth and higher
investment yields.
|
97
|
|
|
|
•
|
The home office by $6 million, net of income tax, due to
higher economic capital charges and higher spending on growth
and infrastructure initiatives.
|
Contributions from the other countries account for the remainder
of the change in income from continuing operations.
Revenues
Total revenues, excluding net investment gains (losses),
increased by $540 million, or 22%, to $3,046 million
for the six months ended June 30, 2008 from
$2,506 million for the comparable 2007 period. Excluding
the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates of
$111 million, total revenues increased by
$429 million, or 16%, from the comparable 2007 period.
Premiums, fees and other revenues increased by
$436 million, or 22%, to $2,421 million for the six
months ended June 30, 2008 from $1,985 million for the
comparable 2007 period. Excluding the impact of changes in
foreign currency exchange rates of $83 million, premiums,
fees and other revenues increased by $353 million, or 17%,
from the comparable 2007 period.
Premiums, fees and other revenues increased in:
|
|
|
|
•
|
Chile by $135 million primarily due to higher annuity sales
as well as higher institutional premiums from its traditional
and bank distribution channels.
|
|
|
•
|
Hong Kong by $83 million primarily due to the acquisition
of the remaining 50% interest in MetLife Fubon in the second
quarter of 2007 and the resulting consolidation of the operation
beginning in the third quarter of 2007, as well as business
growth.
|
|
|
•
|
Mexico by $41 million due to growth in its individual and
institutional businesses, as well as the reinstatement of
$8 million of premiums from prior periods partially offset
by a decrease of $13 million in experience refunds in the
prior year on Mexico’s institutional business.
|
|
|
•
|
South Korea by $36 million due to growth in its traditional
business as well as in its guaranteed annuity and variable
universal life businesses.
|
|
|
•
|
Australia by $29 million as a result of growth in the
institutional business and an increase in retention levels.
|
|
|
•
|
India, the United Kingdom, Brazil, Belgium and Ireland by
$17 million, $17 million, $8 million,
$7 million and $2 million, respectively, due to
business growth.
|
|
|
•
|
The Company’s Japan operation by $11 million due to an
increase in fees from assumed reinsurance.
|
Partially offsetting these increases, premiums, fees and other
revenues decreased in Argentina by $33 million primarily
due to a decrease in premiums due to pension reform, under which
fund administrators no longer provide death and disability
coverage to the plan participants, partially offset by growth in
its institutional and bancassurance business.
Net investment income increased by $104 million, or 20%, to
$625 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008
from $521 million for the comparable 2007 period. Excluding
the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates of
$28 million, net investment income increased by
$76 million, or 14% from the comparable 2007 period.
Net investment income increased in:
|
|
|
|
•
|
Chile by $59 million due to the impact of higher inflation
rates on indexed securities, the valuations and returns of which
are linked to inflation rates, as well as an increase in
invested assets.
|
|
|
•
|
Mexico by $38 million due to an increase in invested
assets, the impact of higher inflation rates on indexed
securities as well as the lengthening of the duration of the
portfolio, partially offset by a decrease in short-term yields.
|
|
|
•
|
Brazil by $8 million due to gains in the trading portfolio,
as well as an increase in invested assets resulting from growth
and a capital contribution in the first quarter of 2008.
|
|
|
•
|
Ireland by $3 million due to higher invested assets
resulting from capital contributions in the prior year.
|
|
|
•
|
South Korea by $8 million due to increases in invested assets
and higher investment yields.
|
98
|
|
|
|
•
|
Taiwan by $4 million due to increases in invested assets.
|
Partially offsetting these increases, net investment income
decreased in:
|
|
|
|
•
|
Hong Kong by $28 million despite the acquisition of the
remaining 50% interest in MetLife Fubon in the second quarter of
2007 and the resulting consolidation of the operation beginning
in the third quarter of 2007, because of the negative investment
income for the period due to the losses on the trading
securities portfolio which supports unit-linked policyholder
liabilities.
|
|
|
•
|
Japan by $14 million due to a decrease of $30 million,
net of income tax, in the Company’s earnings from its
investment in Japan due to an increase in the costs of
guaranteed annuity benefits and the impact of a refinement in
assumptions for the guaranteed annuity business, partially
offset by the favorable impact from the utilization of the fair
value option for certain fixed annuities and an increase of
$16 million from hedging activities associated with
Japan’s guaranteed annuity.
|
|
|
•
|
The home office of $7 million primarily due to an increase
in the amount charged for economic capital.
|
Contributions from the other countries account for the remainder
of the change in net investment income.
Expenses
Total expenses increased by $318 million, or 15%, to
$2,485 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008
from $2,167 million for the comparable 2007 period.
Excluding the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange
rates of $96 million, total expenses increased by
$222 million, or 10%, from the comparable 2007 period.
Policyholder benefits and claims, policyholder dividends and
interest credited to policyholder account balances increased by
$195 million, or 14%, to $1,586 million for the six
months ended June 30, 2008 from $1,391 million for the
comparable 2007 period. Excluding the impact of changes in
foreign currency exchange rates of $65 million,
policyholder benefits and claims, policyholder dividends and
interest credited to policyholder account balances increased by
$130 million, or 9%, from the comparable 2007 period.
Policyholder benefits and claims, policyholder dividends and
interest credited to policyholder account balances increased in:
|
|
|
|
•
|
Chile by $185 million primarily due to an increase in the
annuity and institutional business mentioned above, as well as
an increase in inflation indexed policyholder liabilities
commensurate with the increase in net investment income from
inflation-indexed assets.
|
|
|
•
|
Hong Kong by $33 million due to the acquisition of the
remaining 50% interest in MetLife Fubon in the second quarter of
2007 and the resulting consolidation of the operation beginning
in the third quarter of 2007, which includes negative interest
credited to unit-linked policyholder liabilities reflecting the
losses of the trading portfolio backing these liabilities as
discussed in the net investment income section above.
|
|
|
•
|
Australia by $16 million due to growth in the institutional
business and an increase in retention levels.
|
|
|
•
|
South Korea by $13 million primarily due to higher claims
from business growth.
|
|
|
•
|
Brazil by $10 million primarily due to an increase in
interest credited to unit-linked policyholder liabilities
reflecting the gains in the trading portfolio discussed above.
|
|
|
•
|
India by $6 million due to business growth.
|
|
|
•
|
Taiwan by $4 million primarily due to an increase in
liabilities resulting from a refinement of methodologies related
to the estimation of profit emergence on a certain block of
business.
|
Partially offsetting these increases in policyholder benefits
and claims, policyholder dividends and interest credited to
policyholder account balances were decreases in:
|
|
|
|
•
|
Mexico by $109 million, primarily due to a decrease in
certain policyholder liabilities of $138 million caused by
a decrease in the unrealized investment results on the invested
assets supporting those liabilities relative to the prior
period, as well as lower claims experience partially offset by
increases in reserves and other policyholder benefits of
$9 million commensurate with the growth in premiums
discussed above, and an increase in interest credited to
policyholder account balances of $20 million commensurate
with the growth in investment income discussed above.
|
99
|
|
|
|
•
|
Argentina by $30 million primarily due to a decrease in
claims and market-indexed policyholder liabilities resulting
from pension reform, under which fund administrators no longer
provide death and disability coverage to the plan participants.
|
Contributions from the other countries account for the remainder
of the change.
Other expenses increased by $123 million, or 16%, to
$899 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008
from $776 million for the comparable 2007 period. Excluding
the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates of
$31 million, total expenses increased by $92 million,
or 11%, from the comparable 2007 period.
Other expenses increased in:
|
|
|
|
•
|
South Korea by $44 million due to business growth, as well
as an increase in DAC amortization related to market performance.
|
|
|
•
|
Mexico by $26 million primarily due to higher expenses
related to business growth and infrastructure costs, as well as
a lower increase in litigation liabilities in the prior year.
|
|
|
•
|
India by $12 million primarily due to increased staffing
and growth initiatives.
|
|
|
•
|
The United Kingdom by $12 million due to business growth,
partially offset by foreign currency transaction gains.
|
|
|
•
|
Hong Kong by $12 million due to the acquisition of the
remaining 50% interest in MetLife Fubon in the second quarter of
2007 and the resulting consolidation of the operation beginning
in the third quarter of 2007.
|
|
|
•
|
Chile by $9 million primarily due to the business growth
discussed above as well as higher compensation costs and higher
spending on infrastructure and marketing programs.
|
|
|
•
|
Australia, Belgium and Brazil by $7 million,
$7 million and $4 million, respectively, primarily due
to higher commissions related to business growth.
|
|
|
•
|
The home office of $5 million primarily due to higher
spending on growth and infrastructure initiatives.
|
Partially offsetting these increases in other expenses were
decreases in:
|
|
|
|
•
|
Argentina by $33 million, primarily due to a reduction in
the liability for pension servicing obligations resulting from a
refinement of assumptions and methodology, as well as the
availability of government statistics regarding the number of
participants transferring to the government-sponsored plan under
the pension reform plan which was effective January 1,
2008. Under the pension reform plan, the Company retains the
obligation for administering certain existing and future
participants’ accounts for which they receive no revenue.
Partially offsetting this decrease are higher commissions from
growth in the institutional and bancassurance businesses
discussed above.
|
|
|
•
|
Ireland by $11 million due to foreign currency transaction
gains, partially offset by higher expenses related to growth
initiatives.
|
|
|
•
|
Taiwan by $4 million due to a refinement in DAC
capitalization.
|
Contributions from the other countries account for the remainder
of the change.
100
Auto &
Home
Auto & Home, operating through Metropolitan Property
and Casualty Insurance Company and its subsidiaries, offers
personal lines property and casualty insurance directly to
employees at their employer’s worksite, as well as to
individuals through a variety of retail distribution channels,
including the agency distribution group, independent agents,
property and casualty specialists and direct response marketing.
Auto & Home primarily sells auto insurance and
homeowners insurance.
The following table presents consolidated financial information
for the Auto & Home segment for the periods indicated:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Revenues
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Premiums
|
|
$
|
743
|
|
|
$
|
738
|
|
|
$
|
1,487
|
|
|
$
|
1,454
|
|
Net investment income
|
|
|
50
|
|
|
|
49
|
|
|
|
103
|
|
|
|
97
|
|
Other revenues
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
19
|
|
|
|
19
|
|
Net investment gains (losses)
|
|
|
(13
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(24
|
)
|
|
|
12
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues
|
|
|
789
|
|
|
|
795
|
|
|
|
1,585
|
|
|
|
1,582
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Policyholder benefits and claims
|
|
|
539
|
|
|
|
446
|
|
|
|
1,017
|
|
|
|
876
|
|
Policyholder dividends
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
Other expenses
|
|
|
203
|
|
|
|
204
|
|
|
|
407
|
|
|
|
406
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total expenses
|
|
|
744
|
|
|
|
650
|
|
|
|
1,427
|
|
|
|
1,283
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income before provision for income tax
|
|
|
45
|
|
|
|
145
|
|
|
|
158
|
|
|
|
299
|
|
Provision for income tax
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
36
|
|
|
|
24
|
|
|
|
77
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$
|
43
|
|
|
$
|
109
|
|
|
$
|
134
|
|
|
$
|
222
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three
Months Ended June 30, 2008 compared with the Three Months
Ended June 30, 2007 — Auto &
Home
Net
Income
Net income decreased by $66 million, or 61%, to
$43 million for the three months ended June 30, 2008
from $109 million for the comparable 2007 period.
The decrease in net income was primarily attributable to an
increase in policyholder benefits and claims, and policyholder
dividends, of $62 million, net of income tax, comprised
primarily of an increase of $71 million, net of income tax,
in catastrophe losses resulting from severe thunderstorms and
tornadoes in the Midwestern and Southern states. A decrease in
non-catastrophe policyholder benefits and claims improved net
income by $9 million, net of income taxes. The decrease in
non-catastrophe policyholder benefits resulted from
$17 million, net of income tax, of lower losses due to
severity and $3 million, net of income tax, of additional
favorable development of prior year losses offset by an increase
of $7 million, net of income tax, from higher claim
frequencies, a $3 million, net of income tax, increase
related to higher earned exposures, and a $1 million, net
of income tax, increase in policyholder dividends.
Offsetting this decrease in net income was an increase in
premiums of $3 million, net of income tax, comprised of an
increase of $5 million, net of income tax, related to
increased exposures and a decrease of $5 million, net of
income tax, in catastrophe reinsurance costs. Offsetting these
increases in premiums was a decrease of $7 million, net of
income tax, related to a reduction in average earned premium per
policy.
101
In addition, net investment income increased by $1 million,
net of income tax, primarily due to an increase in net
investment income related to a realignment of economic capital
offset by a decrease in net investment income from a smaller
asset base.
Also impacting net income was an increase of $1 million,
net of income tax, in other revenues and a decrease of
$1 million, net of income tax, in other expenses. In
addition, net investment losses increased by $10 million,
net of income tax. A greater proportion of tax advantaged
investment income resulted in a decline in the segment’s
effective tax rate.
Revenues
Total revenues, excluding net investment gains (losses),
increased by $7 million, or 1%, to $802 million for
the three months ended June 30, 2008 from $795 million
for the comparable 2007 period.
Premiums increased by $5 million due to an increase of
$7 million related to increased exposures and a decrease of
$7 million in catastrophe reinsurance costs, offset by a
decrease of $9 million related to a reduction in average
earned premium per policy.
Net investment income increased by $1 million primarily due
to a realignment of economic capital, offset by a decrease in
net investment income from a smaller asset base and other
revenues increased $1 million primarily due to an increase
in prepayment fees.
Expenses
Total expenses increased by $94 million, or 14%, to
$744 million for the three months ended June 30, 2008
from $650 million for the comparable 2007 period.
Policyholder benefits and claims, and policyholder dividends,
increased by $95 million due primarily to an increase of
$109 million in catastrophe losses resulting from severe
thunderstorms and tornadoes in the Midwestern and Southern
states. Non-catastrophe policyholder benefits and claims
decreased $14 million resulting from $26 million of
lower losses due to severity and $4 million of additional
favorable development of prior year losses offset by an increase
of $10 million from higher claim frequencies, a
$4 million increase related to higher earned exposures and
a $2 million increase in policyholder dividends.
Other expenses decreased by $1 million with no single
expense category contributing significantly to the fluctuation.
Underwriting results, excluding catastrophes, in the
Auto & Home segment were favorable for the three
months ended June 30, 2008 as the combined ratio, excluding
catastrophes, decreased to 81.9% from 84.3% for the three months
ended June 30, 2007.
Six
Months Ended June 30, 2008 compared with the Six Months
Ended June 30, 2007 — Auto &
Home
Net
Income
Net income decreased by $88 million, or 40%, to
$134 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008
from $222 million for the comparable 2007 period.
The decrease in net income was primarily attributable to an
increase in policyholder benefits and claims, and policyholder
dividends, of $93 million, net of income tax, comprised
primarily of an increase of $80 million, net of income tax,
in catastrophe losses resulting from severe thunderstorms and
tornadoes in the Midwestern and Southern states. Also increasing
policyholder benefits and claims was an increase of
$22 million, net of income tax, from higher non-catastrophe
claim frequencies, a $9 million, net of income tax,
increase related to higher earned exposures, $4 million,
net of income tax, of less favorable development of prior year
non-catastrophe losses, $2 million, net of income tax, in
unallocated claims adjusting expenses, primarily resulting from
an increase in claims-related compensation costs negatively
impacting net income and a $1 million, net of income tax,
increase in policyholder dividends. Offsetting these increases
was $25 million, net of income tax, from lower losses due
to severity.
102
Offsetting this decrease in net income was an increase in
premiums of $21 million, net of income tax, comprised of an
increase of $17 million, net of income tax, related to
increased exposures, a decrease of $10 million, net of
income tax, in catastrophe reinsurance costs and an increase of
$8 million, net of income tax, resulting from the change in
estimate in the prior year on auto rate refunds due to a
regulatory examination. Offsetting these increases in premiums
was a decrease of $12 million, net of income tax, related
to a reduction in average earned premium per policy and a
decrease of $2 million, net of income tax, in premiums from
various involuntary programs.
In addition, net investment income increased by $4 million,
net of income tax, primarily due to an increase in net
investment income related to a realignment of economic capital
offset by a decrease in net investment income from a smaller
asset base.
In addition, net investment gains (losses) decreased by
$24 million, net of income tax.
Also, income taxes contributed $4 million to net income,
over the expected amount, due to favorable resolution of a prior
year audit. A greater proportion of tax advantaged investment
income resulted in a decline in the segment’s effective tax
rate.
Revenues
Total revenues, excluding net investment gains (losses),
increased by $39 million, or 2%, to $1,609 million for
the six months ended June 30, 2008 from $1,570 million
for the comparable 2007 period.
Premiums increased by $33 million due to an increase of
$25 million related to increased exposures, a decrease of
$15 million in catastrophe reinsurance costs and an
increase of $13 million resulting from the change in
estimate in the prior year on auto rate refunds due to a
regulatory examination. These increases were offset by a
decrease of $17 million related to a reduction in average
earned premium per policy and a decrease of $3 million in
premiums from various involuntary programs.
Net investment income increased by $6 million primarily due
to a realignment of economic capital, offset by a decrease in
net investment income from a smaller asset base.
Expenses
Total expenses increased by $144 million, or 11%, to
$1,427 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008
from $1,283 million for the comparable 2007 period.
Policyholder benefits and claims, and policyholder dividends,
increased by $143 million due primarily to an increase of
$123 million in catastrophe losses resulting from severe
thunderstorms and tornadoes in the Midwestern and Southern
states. Also increasing policyholder benefits and claims was an
increase of $33 million from higher non-catastrophe claim
frequencies, a $14 million increase related to higher
earned exposures, $7 million less of favorable development
of prior year non-catastrophe losses and $3 million in
unallocated loss adjustment expenses, primarily resulting from
an increase in claims-related compensation costs and a
$2 million increase in policyholder dividends. Offsetting
these increases was $39 million from lower losses due to
severity.
Other expenses increased by $1 million primarily as a
result of higher compensation costs offset by minor fluctuations
in other expense categories.
Underwriting results, excluding catastrophes, in the
Auto & Home segment were favorable for the six months
ended June 30, 2008 as the combined ratio, excluding
catastrophes, decreased to 84.9% from 85.6% for the six months
ended June 30, 2007.
103
Reinsurance
The Company’s Reinsurance segment is comprised of the life
reinsurance business of RGA, a publicly traded company. At
June 30, 2008, the Company’s ownership in RGA was 52%.
As described more fully in “— Acquisitions and
Dispositions,” the Company and RGA have entered into an
agreement to execute a tax-free split-off transaction to be
effectuated through an exchange offer. As RGA represents the
entirety of the Reinsurance segment, a successful exchange offer
would eliminate this operating segment. RGA’s operations in
North America are its largest and include operations of its
Canadian and U.S. subsidiaries. In addition to these
operations, RGA has subsidiary companies, branch offices or
representative offices in Australia, Barbados, Bermuda, China,
France, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan,
Mexico, Poland, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Taiwan and the
United Kingdom.
The following table presents consolidated financial information
for the Reinsurance segment for the periods indicated:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Revenues
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Premiums
|
|
$
|
1,359
|
|
|
$
|
1,208
|
|
|
$
|
2,657
|
|
|
$
|
2,334
|
|
Net investment income
|
|
|
246
|
|
|
|
266
|
|
|
|
435
|
|
|
|
472
|
|
Other revenues
|
|
|
23
|
|
|
|
19
|
|
|
|
53
|
|
|
|
37
|
|
Net investment gains (losses)
|
|
|
(6
|
)
|
|
|
(14
|
)
|
|
|
(162
|
)
|
|
|
(20
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues
|
|
|
1,622
|
|
|
|
1,479
|
|
|
|
2,983
|
|
|
|
2,823
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Policyholder benefits and claims
|
|
|
1,117
|
|
|
|
979
|
|
|
|
2,257
|
|
|
|
1,881
|
|
Interest credited to policyholder account balances
|
|
|
63
|
|
|
|
117
|
|
|
|
137
|
|
|
|
182
|
|
Other expenses
|
|
|
356
|
|
|
|
329
|
|
|
|
485
|
|
|
|
654
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total expenses
|
|
|
1,536
|
|
|
|
1,425
|
|
|
|
2,879
|
|
|
|
2,717
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income before provision for income tax
|
|
|
86
|
|
|
|
54
|
|
|
|
104
|
|
|
|
106
|
|
Provision for income tax
|
|
|
31
|
|
|
|
20
|
|
|
|
37
|
|
|
|
38
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$
|
55
|
|
|
$
|
34
|
|
|
$
|
67
|
|
|
$
|
68
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three
Months Ended June 30, 2008 compared with the Three Months
Ended June 30, 2007 — Reinsurance
Net
Income
Net income increased by $21 million, or 62%, to
$55 million for the three months ended June 30, 2008
from $34 million for the comparable 2007 period.
The increase in net income was attributable to a 13% increase in
premiums, a 46% decrease in interest credited to policyholder
account balances, a 21% increase in other revenues, a 57%
decrease in net investment losses, offset by a 14% increase in
policyholder benefits and claims, an 8% increase in other
expenses, and an 8% decrease in net investment income. The
increase in premiums, net of the increase in policyholder
benefits and claims, was an $8 million addition to net
income, which was primarily due to premium growth across
RGA’s operations, while claims experience was primarily at
expected levels. Policyholder benefits and claims as a
percentage of premiums were 82% compared to 81% in the prior
year. The decrease in net investment income, net of the greater
decrease in interest credited to policyholder account balances,
increased net income by $22 million and was primarily due
to an after-tax non-cash decrease in interest credited from
changes in risk free interest rates used in the present value
calculations of embedded derivatives associated with EIAs and
growth in the asset base and slightly higher yields,
104
partially offset by a reduction in the equity option market
value within certain funds withheld portfolios associated with
the reinsurance of equity indexed annuity products.
The decrease in net investment losses increased net income by
$5 million, primarily due to a decrease in the fair value
of embedded derivatives associated with the reinsurance of
annuity products on a funds withheld basis. The increase in
other revenues added $3 million to net income and was
primarily related to an increase in investment product fees on
asset-intensive business and financial reinsurance fees during
2008.
These increases in net income were partially offset by an
$18 million increase in other expenses, net of income tax.
The increase in other expenses was primarily related to an
increase in minority interest expense and overhead-related
expenses associated with RGA’s international expansion,
partially offset by a decrease in interest expense.
Additionally, a component of the increase in net income was a
$2 million, net of income tax, increase associated with
foreign currency exchange rate movements.
Revenues
Total revenues, excluding net investment gains (losses),
increased by $135 million, or 9%, to $1,628 million
for the three months ended June 30, 2008 from
$1,493 million for the comparable 2007 period.
The increase in revenues was primarily associated with growth in
premiums of $151 million from new facultative and automatic
treaties and renewal premiums on existing blocks of business in
all RGA operating segments, including Asia Pacific, which
contributed $79 million; the U.S., which contributed
$34 million; Europe and South Africa, which contributed
$21 million; and Canada, which contributed
$17 million. Premium levels are significantly influenced by
large transactions and reporting practices of ceding companies
and, as a result, can fluctuate from period to period.
Net investment income decreased by $20 million primarily
due to a decrease in the net investment income of approximately
$45 million related to a reduction in equity option market
values relative to the comparable period within certain funds
withheld portfolios associated with the reinsurance of equity
indexed annuity products, which is generally offset by an
adjustment to interest credited. This decrease is partially
offset by the effect of an increase in average invested assets
outstanding, primarily due to positive operating cash flows,
additional deposits on asset intensive products, and higher
yields in the current period.
Other revenues increased by $4 million primarily due to an
increase in surrender charges on asset-intensive business
reinsured and an increase in fees associated with financial
reinsurance.
Additionally, a component of the increase in total revenues,
excluding net investment gains (losses), was a $26 million
increase associated with foreign currency exchange rate
movements.
Expenses
Total expenses increased by $111 million, or 8%, to
$1,536 million for the three months ended June 30,
2008 from $1,425 million for the comparable 2007 period.
This increase in total expenses was primarily attributable to an
increase of $138 million in policyholder benefits and
claims, primarily associated with growth in insurance in-force
of $197 billion and a slight increase in policyholder
benefits and claims as a percentage of premiums. Additionally,
other expenses increased by $27 million due to a
$26 million increase in minority interest expense, a
$7 million increase in compensation and overhead-related
expenses primarily associated with RGA’s international
expansion and general growth in operations, and a
$2 million increase in expenses associated with DAC,
including reinsurance allowances paid, offset in part by an
$8 million decrease in interest expense due primarily to a
decrease in interest rates on variable rate debt.
Interest credited to policyholder account balances decreased by
$54 million, primarily due to a reduction in interest
credited to policyholder account balances associated with the
aforementioned equity option market value decreases within
certain funds withheld portfolios and a $9 million decrease
in the current period related to changes in risk free rates used
in the present value calculations of embedded derivatives
associated with EIAs.
105
Additionally, a component of the increase in total expenses was
a $23 million increase associated with foreign currency
exchange rate movements.
Six
Months Ended June 30, 2008 compared with the Six Months
Ended June 30, 2007 — Reinsurance
Net
Income
Net income decreased by $1 million, or 1%, to
$67 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008
from $68 million for the comparable 2007 period.
The decrease in net income was attributable to a 20% increase in
policyholder benefits and claims, an 8% decrease in net
investment income, offset by a 43% increase in other revenues, a
14% increase in premium, a 25% decrease in interest credited to
policyholder account balances and a 26% decrease in other
expenses. The increase in premiums, net of the greater increase
in policyholder benefits and claims, was a $34 million
reduction to net income, which was primarily due to adverse
claims experience in the U.S. and the United Kingdom,
primarily in the first quarter of 2008, which more than offset
the growth in premiums. Policyholder benefits and claims as a
percentage of premiums were 85% compared to 81% in the prior
year.
The decrease in net investment income, net of the greater
decrease in interest credited to policyholder account balances,
increased net income by $5 million and was primarily due to
growth in asset base and slightly higher yields, offset in part
by an after-tax non-cash increase in interest credited from
changes in the risk free rates used in the present value
calculations of embedded derivatives associated with EIAs.
The increase in other revenues added $10 million to net
income and was primarily related to an increase in surrender
charges on asset-intensive business and fees associated with
financial reinsurance.
The decrease in other expenses contributed $110 million to
net income, net of income tax, primarily related to a reduction
of expenses associated with DAC, including reinsurance
allowances paid resulting from the change in value of embedded
derivatives included within net investment losses and interest
credited to policyholder account balances, a decrease in
minority interest and interest expense, partially offset by an
increase in compensation and overhead-related expenses
associated with RGA’s international expansion and general
growth in operations.
These increases in net income were partially offset by a
$92 million increase in net investment losses, net of
income tax, primarily due to a decrease in the fair value of
embedded derivatives associated with the reinsurance of annuity
products on a funds withheld basis, a result of the impact of
widening spreads in the U.S. debt markets.
Additionally, a component of the increase in net income was a
$4 million increase associated with foreign currency
exchange rate movements.
Revenues
Total revenues, excluding net investment gains (losses),
increased by $302 million, or 11%, to $3,145 million
for the six months ended June 30, 2008 from
$2,843 million for the comparable 2007 period.
The increase in revenues was primarily associated with growth in
premiums of $323 million from new facultative and automatic
treaties and renewal premiums on existing blocks of business in
all RGA operating segments, including the U.S., which
contributed $90 million; Asia Pacific, which contributed
$133 million; Canada, which contributed $57 million;
Europe and South Africa, which contributed $42 million; and
Corporate, which contributed $2 million. Premium levels are
significantly influenced by large transactions and reporting
practices of ceding companies and, as a result, can fluctuate
from period to period.
Net investment income decreased by $37 million primarily
due to a decrease of $102 million related to a reduction in
equity option market values relative to the comparable period
within certain funds withheld portfolios associated with the
reinsurance of equity indexed annuity products, which is
generally offset by an adjustment to interest credited to
policyholder account balances. This decrease is substantially
offset by an increase in the asset base, primarily due to
positive operating cash flows, and slightly higher yields.
Other revenues increased by $16 million primarily due to an
increase in surrender charges on asset-intensive business
reinsured and an increase in fees associated with financial
reinsurance.
106
Additionally, a component of the increase in total revenues,
excluding net investment gains (losses), was a $79 million
increase associated with foreign currency exchange rate
movements.
Expenses
Total expenses increased by $162 million, or 6%, to
$2,879 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008
from $2,717 million for the comparable 2007 period.
This increase in total expenses was primarily attributable to an
increase of $376 million in policyholder benefits and
claims, primarily associated with adverse claims experience in
the U.S. and the United Kingdom primarily in the first
quarter of 2008, our two largest mortality markets, and growth
in insurance in-force of $197 billion.
Interest credited to policyholder account balances decreased by
$45 million, primarily due to a reduction in interest
credited to policyholder account balances associated with the
aforementioned equity option market value decreases within
certain funds withheld portfolios, offset in part by a
$55 million increase in the current period related to
changes in risk free rates used in the present value
calculations of embedded derivatives associated with EIAs.
Other expenses decreased by $169 million due to a
$156 million decrease in expenses associated with DAC, a
$10 million decrease in interest expense due primarily to a
decrease in interest rates on variable rate debt and a
$7 million decrease in minority interest expense. Included
in the $156 million decrease in expenses associated with
DAC was a $159 million reduction of DAC amortization due to
the change in the value of embedded derivatives associated with
funds withheld arrangements, primarily a result of the impact of
widening spreads in the U.S. debt markets and changes in
risk free rates used in the valuation of embedded derivatives
associated with EIAs. An offsetting increase of $5 million
was primarily due to compensation and overhead-related expenses
associated with RGA’s international expansion and general
growth in operations.
Additionally, a component of the increase in total expenses was
a $73 million increase associated with foreign currency
exchange rate movements.
107
Corporate &
Other
Corporate & Other contains the excess capital not
allocated to the business segments, various
start-up
entities, including MetLife Bank, and run-off entities, as well
as interest expense related to the majority of the
Company’s outstanding debt and expenses associated with
certain legal proceedings and income tax audit issues.
Corporate & Other also includes the elimination of all
intersegment amounts, which generally relate to intersegment
loans, which bear interest at rates commensurate with related
borrowings, as well as intersegment transactions.
The following table presents consolidated financial information
for Corporate & Other for the periods indicated:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Revenues
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Premiums
|
|
$
|
11
|
|
|
$
|
8
|
|
|
$
|
18
|
|
|
$
|
16
|
|
Net investment income
|
|
|
258
|
|
|
|
357
|
|
|
|
528
|
|
|
|
727
|
|
Other revenues
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
49
|
|
|
|
16
|
|
|
|
55
|
|
Net investment gains (losses)
|
|
|
(45
|
)
|
|
|
39
|
|
|
|
(65
|
)
|
|
|
44
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues
|
|
|
230
|
|
|
|
453
|
|
|
|
497
|
|
|
|
842
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Policyholder benefits and claims
|
|
|
14
|
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
|
24
|
|
|
|
22
|
|
Other expenses
|
|
|
401
|
|
|
|
313
|
|
|
|
754
|
|
|
|
646
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total expenses
|
|
|
415
|
|
|
|
324
|
|
|
|
778
|
|
|
|
668
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) from continuing operations before benefit for
income tax
|
|
|
(185
|
)
|
|
|
129
|
|
|
|
(281
|
)
|
|
|
174
|
|
Provision (benefit) for income tax
|
|
|
(112
|
)
|
|
|
(13
|
)
|
|
|
(207
|
)
|
|
|
(50
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations
|
|
|
(73
|
)
|
|
|
142
|
|
|
|
(74
|
)
|
|
|
224
|
|
Income from discontinued operations, net of income tax
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
22
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
39
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
|
(73
|
)
|
|
|
164
|
|
|
|
(74
|
)
|
|
|
263
|
|
Preferred stock dividends
|
|
|
31
|
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
|
64
|
|
|
|
68
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss) available to common shareholders
|
|
$
|
(104
|
)
|
|
$
|
130
|
|
|
$
|
(138
|
)
|
|
$
|
195
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three
Months Ended June 30, 2008 compared with the Three Months
Ended June 30, 2007 — Corporate &
Other
Income
from Continuing Operations
Income from continuing operations decreased by
$215 million, to a loss of $73 million for the three
months ended June 30, 2008 from $142 million for the
comparable 2007 period. Included in this decrease was an
increase in net investment losses of $55 million, net of
income tax. Excluding the impact of net investment gains
(losses), income from continuing operations decreased by
$160 million.
The decrease in income from continuing operations was primarily
attributable to lower net investment income, higher interest
expense, higher legal costs, lower other revenues, and higher
corporate expenses of $65 million, $35 million,
$28 million, $28 million, $4 million
respectively, each of which were net of income tax. This
decrease was partially offset by lower interest credited to
bankholder deposits and lower interest on uncertain tax
positions of $7 million and $2 million respectively,
each of which were net of income tax. Tax benefits decreased by
$9 million over the comparable 2007 period due to the
actual and the estimated tax rate allocated to the various
segments.
108
Revenues
Total revenues, excluding net investment gains (losses),
decreased by $139 million, or 34%, to $275 million for
the three months ended June 30, 2008 from $414 million
for the comparable 2007 period.
This decrease was primarily due to a decrease in net investment
income of $99 million, mainly due to reduced yields on
other limited partnerships including hedge funds and real estate
and real estate joint ventures partially offset by higher
securities lending results. This decrease in yields was
partially offset by a higher asset base related to the
investment of proceeds from issuances of junior subordinated
debt in December 2007 and April 2008 and collateral financing
arrangements to support statutory reserves in May 2007 and
December 2007 partially offset by repurchases of outstanding
common stock, the prepayment of shares subject to mandatory
redemption in October 2007 and the reduction of commercial paper
outstanding. A fractional repositioning of the portfolio from
short-term investments resulted in higher leveraged lease
income. Other revenues decreased $43 million primarily
related to the prior year resolution of an indemnification claim
associated with the 2000 acquisition of GALIC. Also included as
a component of total revenues was the elimination of
intersegment amounts which was offset within total expenses.
Expenses
Total expenses increased by $91 million, or 28%, to
$415 million for the three months ended June 30, 2008
from $324 million for the comparable 2007 period.
Interest expense was higher by $54 million due to the
issuances of junior subordinated debt in December 2007 and April
2008 and collateral financing arrangements in May 2007 and
December 2007, partially offset by the prepayment of shares
subject to mandatory redemption in October 2007 and the
reduction of commercial paper outstanding. Legal costs were
higher by $42 million primarily due to a decrease in the
prior year of $31 million of legal liabilities resulting
from the settlement of certain cases, higher amortization and
valuation of an asbestos insurance recoverable of
$10 million, and higher other legal cost of
$1 million. Corporate expenses were higher by
$7 million primarily due to higher corporate support
expenses of $13 million, which included incentive
compensation, rent,
start-up
costs, and information technology costs and partially offset by
a reduction in deferred compensation expenses of
$6 million. Interest credited on bankholder deposits
decreased by $11 million at MetLife Bank due to lower
interest rates, partially offset by higher bankholder deposits.
Interest on uncertain tax positions was lower by $4 million
as a result of a settlement payment to the IRS in December 2007
and a decrease in published IRS interest rates. Also included as
a component of total expenses was the elimination of
intersegment amounts which were offset within total revenues.
Six
Months Ended June 30, 2008 compared with the Six Months
Ended June 30, 2007 — Corporate &
Other
Income
from Continuing Operations
Income from continuing operations decreased by
$298 million, to a loss of $74 million for the six
months ended June 30, 2008 from $224 million for the
comparable 2007 period. Included in this decrease was an
increase in net investment losses of $71 million, net of
income tax. Excluding the impact of net investment gains
(losses), income from continuing operations decreased by
$227 million.
The decrease in income from continuing operations was primarily
attributable to lower net investment income, higher interest
expense, higher legal costs, and lower other revenues of
$130 million, $86 million, $30 million and
$26 million respectively, each of which were net of income
tax. This decrease was partially offset by lower corporate
expenses, lower interest credited to bankholder deposits, and
lower interest on uncertain tax positions of $29 million,
$11 million, and $5 million respectively, each of
which were net of income tax. Tax benefits were flat over the
comparable 2007 period.
Revenues
Total revenues, excluding net investment gains (losses),
decreased by $236 million, or 30%, to $562 million for
the six months ended June 30, 2008 from $798 million
for the comparable 2007 period.
This decrease was primarily due to a decrease in net investment
income of $199 million, mainly due to reduced yields on
other limited partnerships including hedge funds and real estate
and real estate joint ventures partially
109
offset by higher securities lending results. This decrease in
yields was partially offset by a higher asset base related to
the investment of proceeds from issuances of junior subordinated
debt in December 2007 and April 2008 and collateral financing
arrangements to support statutory reserves in May 2007 and
December 2007 partially offset by repurchases of outstanding
common stock, the prepayment of shares subject to mandatory
redemption in October 2007 and the reduction of commercial paper
outstanding. A fractional repositioning of the portfolio from
short-term investments resulted in higher leveraged lease
income. Other revenues decreased $39 million primarily
related to the prior year resolution of an indemnification claim
associated with the 2000 acquisition of GALIC. Also included as
a component of total revenues was the elimination of
intersegment amounts which was offset within total expenses.
Expenses
Total expenses increased by $110 million, or 16%, to
$778 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008
from $668 million for the comparable 2007 period.
Interest expense was higher by $132 million due to the
issuances of junior subordinated debt in December 2007 and April
2008 and collateral financing arrangements in May 2007 and
December 2007, partially offset by the prepayment of shares
subject to mandatory redemption in October 2007 and the
reduction of commercial paper outstanding. Legal costs were
higher by $45 million primarily due to a decrease in the
prior year of $38 million of legal liabilities resulting
from the settlement of certain cases, higher amortization and
valuation of an asbestos insurance recoverable of
$6 million, and higher other legal cost of $1 million.
Corporate expenses were lower by $44 million primarily due
to a reduction in deferred compensation expenses of
$39 million and lower corporate support expenses of
$5 million, which included incentive compensation, rent,
start-up
costs, and information technology costs. Interest credited on
bankholder deposits decreased by $17 million at MetLife
Bank due to lower interest rates, partially offset by higher
bankholder deposits. Interest on uncertain tax positions was
lower by $8 million as a result of a settlement payment to
the IRS in December 2007 and a decrease in published IRS
interest rates. Also included as a component of total expenses
was the elimination of intersegment amounts which were offset
within total revenues.
Liquidity
and Capital Resources
The
Company
Capital
RBC requirements are used as minimum capital requirements by the
National Association of Insurance Commissioners
(“NAIC”) and the state insurance departments to
identify companies that merit regulatory action. RBC is based on
a formula calculated by applying factors to various asset,
premium and statutory reserve items. The formula takes into
account the risk characteristics of the insurer, including asset
risk, insurance risk, interest rate risk and business risk and
is calculated on an annual basis. The formula is used as an
early warning regulatory tool to identify possible inadequately
capitalized insurers for purposes of initiating regulatory
action, and not as a means to rank insurers generally. These
rules apply to each of the Holding Company’s domestic
insurance subsidiaries. State insurance laws provide insurance
regulators the authority to require various actions by, or take
various actions against, insurers whose total adjusted capital
does not exceed certain RBC levels. As of the date of the most
recent annual statutory financial statements filed with
insurance regulators, the total adjusted capital of each of
these subsidiaries was in excess of each of those RBC levels.
Asset/Liability
Management
The Company actively manages its assets using an approach that
balances quality, diversification, asset/liability matching,
liquidity and investment return. The goals of the investment
process are to optimize, net of income tax, risk-adjusted
investment income and risk-adjusted total return while ensuring
that the assets and liabilities are managed on a cash flow and
duration basis. The asset/liability management process is the
shared responsibility of the Portfolio Management Unit, the
Financial Management and Oversight Asset/Liability Management
Unit, and the operating business segments under the supervision
of the various product line specific Asset/Liability Management
Committees (“ALM Committees”). The ALM
Committees’ duties include reviewing and approving target
portfolios on a periodic basis, establishing investment
guidelines and limits and
110
providing oversight of the asset/liability management process.
The portfolio managers and asset sector specialists, who have
responsibility on a day-to-day basis for risk management of
their respective investing activities, implement the goals and
objectives established by the ALM Committees.
The Company establishes target asset portfolios for each major
insurance product, which represent the investment strategies
used to profitably fund its liabilities within acceptable levels
of risk. These strategies are monitored through regular review
of portfolio metrics, such as effective duration, yield curve
sensitivity, convexity, liquidity, asset sector concentration
and credit quality. In executing these asset/liability matching
strategies, management regularly reevaluates the estimates used
in determining the approximate amounts and timing of payments to
or on behalf of policyholders for insurance liabilities. Many of
these estimates are inherently subjective and could impact the
Company’s ability to achieve its asset/liability management
goals and objectives.
Liquidity
Liquidity refers to a company’s ability to generate
adequate amounts of cash to meet its needs. The Company’s
liquidity position (cash and cash equivalents and short-term
investments, excluding securities lending) was
$14.1 billion and $12.3 billion at June 30, 2008
and December 31, 2007, respectively. Liquidity needs are
determined from a rolling
12-month
forecast by portfolio and are monitored daily. Asset mix and
maturities are adjusted based on forecast. Cash flow testing and
stress testing provide additional perspectives on liquidity. The
Company believes that it has sufficient liquidity to fund its
cash needs under various scenarios that include the potential
risk of early contractholder and policyholder withdrawal. The
Company includes provisions limiting withdrawal rights on many
of its products, including general account institutional pension
products (generally group annuities, including GICs, and certain
deposit fund liabilities) sold to employee benefit plan
sponsors. Certain of these provisions prevent the customer from
making withdrawals prior to the maturity date of the product.
In the event of significant unanticipated cash requirements
beyond normal liquidity, the Company has multiple alternatives
available based on market conditions and the amount and timing
of the liquidity need. These options include cash flows from
operations, the sale of liquid assets, global funding sources
and various credit facilities.
The Company’s ability to sell investment assets could be
limited by accounting rules, including rules relating to the
intent and ability to hold impaired securities until the market
value of those securities recovers. Under stressful market and
economic conditions, liquidity broadly deteriorates which could
negatively impact the Company’s ability to sell investment
assets. If the Company requires significant amounts of cash on a
short notice in excess of normal cash requirements, the Company
may have difficulty selling investment assets in a timely
manner, be forced to sell them for less than the Company
otherwise would have been able to realize, or both.
In extreme circumstances, all general account assets within a
statutory legal entity are available to fund any obligation of
the general account within that legal entity.
A disruption in the financial markets could limit the Holding
Company’s access to or cost of liquidity.
Liquidity
Sources
Cash Flows from Operations. The Company’s
principal cash inflows from its insurance activities come from
insurance premiums, annuity considerations and deposit funds. A
primary liquidity concern with respect to these cash inflows is
the risk of early contractholder and policyholder withdrawal.
The Company’s principal cash inflows from its investment
activities come from repayments of principal, proceeds from
maturities and sales of invested assets and investment income.
The primary liquidity concerns with respect to these cash
inflows are the risk of default by debtors and market
volatilities. The Company closely monitors and manages these
risks through its credit risk management process.
Liquid Assets. An integral part of the
Company’s liquidity management is the amount of liquid
assets it holds. Liquid assets include cash, cash equivalents,
short-term investments, and marketable fixed maturity and equity
securities. Liquid assets exclude assets relating to securities
lending activities. At June 30, 2008 and December 31,
2007, the Company had $184.9 billion and
$188.4 billion in liquid assets, respectively.
111
Global Funding Sources. Liquidity is also
provided by a variety of both short-term and long-term
instruments, including repurchase agreements, commercial paper,
medium- and long-term debt, junior subordinated debt securities,
shares subject to mandatory redemption, capital securities and
stockholders’ equity. The diversity of the Company’s
funding sources enhances funding flexibility, limits dependence
on any one source of funds and generally lowers the cost of
funds.
At June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company
had outstanding $623 million and $667 million in
short-term debt, respectively, and $9.7 billion and
$9.6 billion in long-term debt, respectively. At
June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company had
outstanding $5.8 billion and $5.7 billion in
collateral financing arrangements, respectively, and
$5.2 billion and $4.5 billion in junior subordinated
debt, respectively. At both June 30, 2008 and
December 31, 2007, the Company had outstanding
$159 million in shares subject to mandatory redemption.
Debt Issuances. In April 2008, MetLife Capital
Trust X (“Trust X”), a variable interest
entity (“VIE”) consolidated by the Company, issued
exchangeable surplus trust securities (the
“Trust Securities”) with a face amount of
$750 million. The Trust Securities will be exchanged
into a like amount of Holding Company junior subordinated
debentures on April 8, 2038, the scheduled redemption date;
mandatorily under certain circumstances; and at any time upon
the Holding Company exercising its option to redeem the
securities. The Trust Securities will be exchanged for
junior subordinated debentures prior to repayment. The final
maturity of the debentures is April 8, 2068. The Holding
Company may cause the redemption of the Trust Securities or
debentures (i) in whole or in part, at any time on or after
April 8, 2033 at their principal amount plus accrued and
unpaid interest to the date of redemption, or (ii) in
certain circumstances, in whole or in part, prior to
April 8, 2033 at their principal amount plus accrued and
unpaid interest to the date of redemption or, if greater, a
make-whole price. Interest on the Trust Securities or
debentures is payable semi-annually at a fixed rate of 9.25% up
to, but not including, April 8, 2038, the scheduled
redemption date. In the event the Trust Securities or
debentures are not redeemed on or before the scheduled
redemption date, interest will accrue at an annual rate of
3-month
LIBOR plus a margin equal to 5.540%, payable quarterly in
arrears. The Holding Company has the right to, and in certain
circumstances the requirement to, defer interest payments on the
Trust Securities or debentures for a period up to ten
years. Interest compounds during such periods of deferral. If
interest is deferred for more than five consecutive years, the
Holding Company may be required to use proceeds from the sale of
its common stock or warrants on common stock to satisfy its
obligation. In connection with the issuance of the
Trust Securities, the Holding Company entered into a
replacement capital covenant (“RCC”). As a part of the
RCC, the Holding Company agreed that it will not repay, redeem,
or purchase the debentures on or before April 8, 2058,
unless, subject to certain limitations, it has received proceeds
from the sale of specified capital securities. The RCC will
terminate upon the occurrence of certain events, including an
acceleration of the debentures due to the occurrence of an event
of default. The RCC is not intended for the benefit of holders
of the debentures and may not be enforced by them. The RCC is
for the benefit of holders of one or more other designated
series of its indebtedness (which will initially be its
5.70% senior notes due June 15, 2035). The Holding
Company also entered into a replacement capital obligation which
will commence in 2038 and under which the Holding Company must
use reasonable commercial efforts to raise replacement capital
through the issuance of certain qualifying capital securities.
Credit Facilities. The Company maintains
committed and unsecured credit facilities aggregating
$4.0 billion as of June 30, 2008. When drawn upon,
these facilities bear interest at varying rates in accordance
with the respective agreements. The facilities can be used for
general corporate purposes and, at June 30, 2008,
$3.0 billion of the facilities also served as
back-up
lines of credit for the Company’s commercial paper programs.
112
Information on these credit facilities as of June 30, 2008
is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Letter of
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Credit
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unused
|
|
Borrower(s)
|
|
Expiration
|
|
Capacity
|
|
|
Issuances
|
|
|
Drawdowns
|
|
|
Commitments
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
MetLife, Inc. and MetLife Funding, Inc.
|
|
June 2012 (1)
|
|
$
|
3,000
|
|
|
$
|
2,156
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
844
|
|
MetLife Bank, N.A
|
|
July 2008
|
|
|
200
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
200
|
|
Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated
|
|
May 2010
|
|
|
30
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
30
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated
|
|
March 2011
|
|
|
48
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
48
|
|
Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated
|
|
September 2012 (2)
|
|
|
750
|
|
|
|
427
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
323
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
$
|
4,028
|
|
|
$
|
2,583
|
|
|
$
|
30
|
|
|
$
|
1,415
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Proceeds are available to be used for general corporate
purposes, to support their commercial paper programs and for the
issuance of letters of credit. All borrowings under the credit
agreement must be repaid by June 2012, except that letters of
credit outstanding upon termination may remain outstanding until
June 2013. The borrowers and the lenders under this facility may
agree to extend the term of all or part of the facility to no
later than June 2014, except that letters of credit outstanding
upon termination may remain outstanding until June 2015. |
|
(2) |
|
Under the credit agreement, RGA may borrow and obtain letters of
credit for general corporate purposes for its own account or for
the account of its subsidiaries. |
Committed Facilities. Information on committed
facilities as of June 30, 2008 is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Letter of
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Credit
|
|
|
Unused
|
|
|
Maturity
|
|
Account Party/Borrower(s)
|
|
Expiration
|
|
Capacity
|
|
|
Drawdowns
|
|
|
Issuances
|
|
|
Commitments
|
|
|
(Years)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exeter Reassurance Company Ltd., MetLife, Inc., & Missouri
Reinsurance (Barbados), Inc.
|
|
June 2016 (1)
|
|
$
|
500
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
490
|
|
|
$
|
10
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
Exeter Reassurance Company Ltd.
|
|
December 2027 (2)
|
|
|
650
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
410
|
|
|
|
240
|
|
|
|
19
|
|
Timberlake Financial L.L.C.
|
|
June 2036
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
|
850
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
150
|
|
|
|
28
|
|
MetLife Reinsurance Company of South Carolina &
MetLife, Inc.
|
|
June 2037
|
|
|
3,500
|
|
|
|
2,497
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1,003
|
|
|
|
29
|
|
MetLife Reinsurance Company of Vermont &
MetLife, Inc.
|
|
December 2037 (2)
|
|
|
2,896
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1,297
|
|
|
|
1,599
|
|
|
|
29
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
$
|
8,546
|
|
|
$
|
3,347
|
|
|
$
|
2,197
|
|
|
$
|
3,002
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Letters of credit and replacements or renewals thereof issued
under this facility of $280 million, $10 million and
$200 million are set to expire no later than December 2015,
March 2016 and June 2016, respectively. |
|
(2) |
|
The Holding Company is a guarantor under this agreement. |
Letters of Credit. At June 30, 2008, the
Company had outstanding $4.9 billion in letters of credit
from various financial institutions, of which $2.2 billion
and $2.6 billion were part of committed and credit
facilities, respectively. As commitments associated with letters
of credit and financing arrangements may expire unused, these
amounts do not necessarily reflect the Company’s actual
future cash funding requirements.
Remarketing of Securities and Settlement of Stock Purchase
Contracts Underlying Common Equity Units. The
Holding Company distributed and sold 82.8 million 6.375%
common equity units for $2.1 billion in proceeds in a
registered public offering on June 21, 2005. These common
equity units are comprised of trust preferred securities issued
by MetLife Capital Trust II and MetLife Capital
Trust III, which hold junior subordinated debentures of the
Holding Company, and stock purchase contracts issued by the
Holding Company. See Note 13 of the Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements included in the 2007 Annual Report for a
description of the common equity units.
On July 7, 2008, the Holding Company provided notice that
MetLife Capital Trust II will be dissolved on
August 6, 2008. Upon the dissolution, the junior
subordinated debentures held by the trust will be distributed to
holders of the trust preferred securities.
113
On July 11, 2008, the Holding Company entered into an
agreement with respect to the initial remarketing of the junior
subordinated debentures on behalf of the holders of common
equity units, who will receive the junior subordinated
debentures upon the dissolution of MetLife Capital
Trust II. The initial remarketing is expected to close on
August 15, 2008, and will yield approximately
$1 billion in proceeds, which holders of common equity
units will use to settle their payment obligations under the
applicable stock purchase contract. The Holding Company has
elected, as permitted by the terms of the junior subordinated
debentures, to modify certain terms of the remarketed debentures
effective upon the successful completion of the remarketing. A
second remarketing transaction involving the trust preferred
securities issued by MetLife Capital Trust III or the
junior subordinated debentures issued by the Holding Company and
held as assets of the trust, is expected to be completed on
February 15, 2009, with approximately $1 billion of
additional proceeds, which holders of common equity units will
use to settle their payment obligations under the applicable
stock purchase contract.
The initial and subsequent settlements of the stock purchase
contracts are expected to close on August 15, 2008 and
February 15, 2009, respectively, providing proceeds to the
Holding Company of approximately $1 billion at the time of
each settlement in exchange for shares of the Holding
Company’s common stock. The Holding Company expects that
between 39 million and 48 million shares of common
stock will be delivered by the Holding Company to settle the
stock purchase contracts.
Liquidity
Uses
Insurance Liabilities. The Company’s
principal cash outflows primarily relate to the liabilities
associated with its various life insurance, property and
casualty, annuity and group pension products, operating expenses
and income tax, as well as principal and interest on its
outstanding debt obligations. Liabilities arising from its
insurance activities primarily relate to benefit payments under
the aforementioned products, as well as payments for policy
surrenders, withdrawals and loans.
Investment and Other. Additional cash outflows
include those related to obligations of securities lending
activities, investments in real estate, limited partnerships and
joint ventures, as well as litigation-related liabilities.
Contractual Obligations. The following table
summarizes the Company’s major contractual obligations as
of June 30, 2008:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
More Than
|
|
|
More Than
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
One Year and
|
|
|
Three Years and
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less Than
|
|
|
Less Than
|
|
|
Less Than
|
|
|
More Than
|
|
Contractual Obligations
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
One Year
|
|
|
Three Years
|
|
|
Five Years
|
|
|
Five Years
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Future policy benefits
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
$
|
306,871
|
|
|
$
|
6,037
|
|
|
$
|
9,041
|
|
|
$
|
9,609
|
|
|
$
|
282,184
|
|
Policyholder account balances
|
|
|
(2
|
)
|
|
|
205,173
|
|
|
|
27,138
|
|
|
|
29,569
|
|
|
|
27,239
|
|
|
|
121,227
|
|
Other policyholder liabilities
|
|
|
(3
|
)
|
|
|
9,529
|
|
|
|
8,813
|
|
|
|
26
|
|
|
|
32
|
|
|
|
658
|
|
Short-term debt
|
|
|
(4
|
)
|
|
|
623
|
|
|
|
623
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Long-term debt
|
|
|
(4
|
)
|
|
|
16,652
|
|
|
|
962
|
|
|
|
1,707
|
|
|
|
2,471
|
|
|
|
11,512
|
|
Collateral financing arrangements
|
|
|
(4
|
)
|
|
|
12,941
|
|
|
|
308
|
|
|
|
615
|
|
|
|
676
|
|
|
|
11,342
|
|
Junior subordinated debt securities
|
|
|
(4
|
)
|
|
|
11,441
|
|
|
|
2,405
|
|
|
|
463
|
|
|
|
463
|
|
|
|
8,110
|
|
Shares subject to mandatory redemption
|
|
|
(4
|
)
|
|
|
778
|
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
|
26
|
|
|
|
26
|
|
|
|
713
|
|
Payables for collateral under securities loaned and other
transactions
|
|
|
(5
|
)
|
|
|
45,979
|
|
|
|
45,979
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Commitments to lend funds
|
|
|
(6
|
)
|
|
|
9,741
|
|
|
|
7,108
|
|
|
|
1,638
|
|
|
|
468
|
|
|
|
527
|
|
Operating leases
|
|
|
(7
|
)
|
|
|
2,141
|
|
|
|
262
|
|
|
|
452
|
|
|
|
318
|
|
|
|
1,109
|
|
Other
|
|
|
(8
|
)
|
|
|
9,300
|
|
|
|
8,865
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
424
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
631,169
|
|
|
$
|
108,513
|
|
|
$
|
43,543
|
|
|
$
|
41,307
|
|
|
$
|
437,806
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Future policyholder benefits include liabilities related to
traditional whole life policies, term life policies, closeout
and other group annuity contracts, structured settlements,
master terminal funding agreements, single premium immediate
annuities, long-term disability policies, individual disability
income policies, LTC policies and property and casualty
contracts. |
114
|
|
|
|
|
Included within future policyholder benefits are contracts where
the Company is currently making payments and will continue to do
so until the occurrence of a specific event such as death as
well as those where the timing of a portion of the payments has
been determined by the contract. Also included are contracts
where the Company is not currently making payments and will not
make payments until the occurrence of an insurable event, such
as death or illness, or where the occurrence of the payment
triggering event, such as a surrender of a policy or contract,
is outside the control of the Company. The Company has estimated
the timing of the cash flows related to these contracts based on
historical experience as well as its expectation of future
payment patterns. |
|
|
|
Liabilities related to accounting conventions, or which are not
contractually due, such as shadow liabilities, excess interest
reserves and property and casualty loss adjustment expenses, of
$663 million have been excluded from amounts presented in
the table above. |
|
|
|
Amounts presented in the table above, excluding those related to
property and casualty contracts, represent the estimated cash
payments for benefits under such contracts including assumptions
related to the receipt of future premiums and assumptions
related to mortality, morbidity, policy lapse, renewal,
retirement, inflation, disability incidence, disability
terminations, policy loans and other contingent events as
appropriate to the respective product type. Payments for case
reserve liabilities and incurred but not reported liabilities
associated with property and casualty contracts of
$1.6 billion have been included using an estimate of the
ultimate amount to be settled under the policies based upon
historical payment patterns. The ultimate amount to be paid
under property and casualty contracts is not determined until
the Company reaches a settlement with the claimant, which may
vary significantly from the liability or contractual obligation
presented above especially as it relates to incurred but not
reported liabilities. All estimated cash payments presented in
the table above are undiscounted as to interest, net of
estimated future premiums on policies currently in-force and
gross of any reinsurance recoverable. The more than five years
category displays estimated payments due for periods extending
for more than 100 years from the present date. |
|
|
|
The sum of the estimated cash flows shown for all years in the
table of $306.9 billion exceeds the liability amount of
$134.1 billion included on the consolidated balance sheet
principally due to the time value of money, which accounts for
at least 80% of the difference, as well as differences in
assumptions, most significantly mortality, between the date the
liabilities were initially established and the current date. |
|
|
|
For the majority of the Company’s insurance operations,
estimated contractual obligations for future policyholder
benefits and policyholder account balance liabilities as
presented in the table above are derived from the annual asset
adequacy analysis used to develop actuarial opinions of
statutory reserve adequacy for state regulatory purposes. These
cash flows are materially representative of the cash flows under
generally accepted accounting principles. |
|
|
|
Actual cash payments to policyholders may differ significantly
from the liabilities as presented in the consolidated balance
sheet and the estimated cash payments as presented in the table
above due to differences between actual experience and the
assumptions used in the establishment of these liabilities and
the estimation of these cash payments. See
“— Liquidity and Capital Resources —
The Company — Asset/Liability Management.” |
|
(2) |
|
Policyholder account balances include liabilities related to
conventional guaranteed investment contracts, guaranteed
investment contracts associated with formal offering programs,
funding agreements, individual and group annuities, total
control accounts, bank deposits, individual and group universal
life, variable universal life and company-owned life insurance. |
|
|
|
Included within policyholder account balances are contracts
where the amount and timing of the payment is essentially fixed
and determinable. These amounts relate to policies where the
Company is currently making payments and will continue to do so,
as well as those where the timing of the payments has been
determined by the contract. Other contracts involve payment
obligations where the timing of future payments is uncertain and
where the Company is not currently making payments and will not
make payments until the occurrence of an insurable event, such
as death, or where the occurrence of the payment triggering
event, such as a surrender of or partial withdrawal on a policy
or deposit contract, is outside the control of the Company. The
Company has estimated the timing of the cash flows related to
these contracts based on historical experience as well as its
expectation of future payment patterns. |
115
|
|
|
|
|
Excess interest reserves representing purchase accounting
adjustments of $781 million have been excluded from amounts
presented in the table above as they represent an accounting
convention and not a contractual obligation. |
|
|
|
Amounts presented in the table above represent the estimated
cash payments to be made to policyholders undiscounted as to
interest and including assumptions related to the receipt of
future premiums and deposits; withdrawals, including unscheduled
or partial withdrawals; policy lapses; surrender charges;
annuitization; mortality; future interest credited; policy loans
and other contingent events as appropriate to the respective
product type. Such estimated cash payments are also presented
net of estimated future premiums on policies currently in-force
and gross of any reinsurance recoverable. For obligations
denominated in foreign currencies, cash payments have been
estimated using current spot rates. |
|
|
|
The sum of the estimated cash flows shown for all years in the
table of $205.2 billion exceeds the liability amount of
$144.2 billion included on the consolidated balance sheet
principally due to the time value of money, which accounts for
at least 80% of the difference, as well as differences in
assumptions between the date the liabilities were initially
established and the current date. See also comments under
footnote 1 regarding the source and uncertainties associated
with the estimation of the contractual obligations related to
future policyholder benefits and policyholder account balances. |
|
(3) |
|
Other policyholder liabilities is comprised of other
policyholder funds, policyholder dividends payable and the
policyholder dividend obligation. Amounts included in the table
above related to these liabilities are as follows: |
|
|
|
(a) Other policyholder funds includes liabilities for
incurred but not reported claims and claims payable on group
term life, long-term disability, LTC and dental; policyholder
dividends left on deposit and policyholder dividends due and
unpaid related primarily to traditional life and group life and
health; and premiums received in advance. Liabilities related to
unearned revenue of $2.1 billion have been excluded from
the cash payments presented in the table above because they
reflect an accounting convention and not a contractual
obligation. With the exception of policyholder dividends left on
deposit, and those items excluded as noted in the preceding
sentence, the contractual obligation presented in the table
above related to other policyholder funds is equal to the
liability reflected in the consolidated balance sheet. Such
amounts are reported in the less than one year category due to
the short-term nature of the liabilities. Contractual
obligations on policyholder dividends left on deposit are
projected based on assumptions of policyholder withdrawal
activity.
|
|
|
|
(b) Policyholder dividends payable consists of liabilities
related to dividends payable in the following calendar year on
participating policies. As such, the contractual obligation
related to policyholder dividends payable is presented in the
table above in the less than one year category at the amount of
the liability presented in the consolidated balance sheet.
|
|
|
|
(c) The nature of the policyholder dividend obligation is
described in Note 9 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements included in the 2007 Annual Report. Because the exact
timing and amount of the ultimate policyholder dividend
obligation is subject to significant uncertainty and the amount
of the policyholder dividend obligation is based upon a
long-term projection of the performance of the closed block,
management has reflected the obligation at the amount of the
liability presented in the consolidated balance sheet in the
more than five years category. This was done to reflect the
long-duration of the liability and the uncertainty of the
ultimate cash payment.
|
|
(4) |
|
Amounts presented in the table above for short-term debt,
long-term debt, collateral financing arrangements, junior
subordinated debt securities and shares subject to mandatory
redemption differ from the balances presented on the
consolidated balance sheet as the amounts presented in the table
above do not include premiums or discounts upon issuance or
purchase accounting fair value adjustments. The amounts
presented above also include interest on such obligations as
described below. |
|
|
|
Short-term debt consists principally of
90-day
commercial paper, with a remaining maturity of 28 days, and
carries a variable rate of interest. The contractual obligation
for short-term debt presented in the table above represents the
amounts due upon maturity of the commercial paper plus the
related variable interest which is calculated using the
prevailing rates at June 30, 2008 through the date of
maturity without consideration of any further issuances of
commercial paper upon maturity of the amounts outstanding at
June 30, 2008. |
116
|
|
|
|
|
Long-term debt bears interest at fixed and variable interest
rates through their respective maturity dates. Interest on fixed
rate debt was computed using the stated rate on the obligations
through maturity. Interest on variable rate debt is computed
using prevailing rates at June 30, 2008 and, as such, does
not consider the impact of future rate movements. |
|
|
|
Collateral financing arrangements bear interest at fixed and
variable interest rates through their respective maturity dates.
Interest on fixed rate debt was computed using the stated rate
on the obligations through maturity. Interest on variable rate
debt is computed using prevailing rates at June 30, 2008
and, as such, does not consider the impact of future rate
movements. |
|
|
|
Junior subordinated debt bears interest at fixed interest rates
through their respective redemption dates. Interest was computed
using the stated rate on the obligation through the scheduled
redemption date as it is the Company’s expectation that the
debt will be redeemed at that time. Inclusion of interest
payments on junior subordinated debt through the final maturity
date would increase the contractual obligation by
$6.2 billion. |
|
|
|
Shares subject to mandatory redemption bear interest at fixed
interest rates through their respective mandatory redemption
dates. Interest on shares subject to mandatory redemption was
computed using the stated fixed rate on the obligation through
maturity. |
|
|
|
Long-term debt also includes payments under capital lease
obligations of $20 million, $6 million,
$3 million and $23 million, in the less than one year,
one to three years, three to five years and more than five years
categories, respectively. |
|
(5) |
|
The Company has accepted cash collateral in connection with
securities lending and derivative transactions. As the
securities lending transactions expire within the next year or
the timing of the return of the collateral is uncertain, the
return of the collateral has been included in the less than one
year category in the table above. The Company also holds
non-cash collateral, which is not reflected as a liability in
the consolidated balance sheet, of $677 million as of
June 30, 2008. |
|
(6) |
|
The Company commits to lend funds under mortgage loans,
partnerships, bank credit facilities, bridge loans and private
corporate bond investments. In the table above, the timing of
the funding of mortgage loans and private corporate bond
investments is based on the expiration date of the commitment.
As it relates to commitments to lend funds to partnerships and
under bank credit facilities, the Company anticipates that these
amounts could be invested any time over the next five years;
however, as the timing of the fulfillment of the obligation
cannot be predicted, such obligations are presented in the less
than one year category in the table above. Commitments to fund
bridge loans are short-term obligations and, as a result, are
presented in the less than one year category in the table above.
See “— Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements.” |
|
(7) |
|
As a lessee, the Company has various operating leases, primarily
for office space. Contractual provisions exist that could
increase or accelerate those leases obligations presented,
including various leases with early buyouts and/or escalation
clauses. However, the impact of any such transactions would not
be material to the Company’s financial position or results
of operations. See “— Off-Balance Sheet
Arrangements.” |
|
(8) |
|
Other includes those other liability balances which represent
contractual obligations, as well as other miscellaneous
contractual obligations of $14 million not included
elsewhere in the table above. Other liabilities presented in the
table above is principally comprised of amounts due under
reinsurance arrangements, payables related to securities
purchased but not yet settled, securities sold short, accrued
interest on debt obligations, fair value of derivative
obligations, deferred compensation arrangements, guaranty
liabilities, the fair value of forward stock purchase contracts,
as well as general accruals and accounts payable due under
contractual obligations. If the timing of any of the other
liabilities is sufficiently uncertain, the amounts are included
within the less than one year category. |
|
|
|
The other liabilities presented in the table above differs from
the amount presented in the consolidated balance sheet by
$5.6 billion due primarily to the exclusion of items such
as minority interests, legal liabilities, pension and
postretirement benefit obligations, taxes due other than income
tax, unrecognized tax benefits and related accrued interest,
accrued severance and employee incentive compensation and other
liabilities such as deferred gains and losses. Such items have
been excluded from the table above as they represent accounting
conventions or are not liabilities due under contractual
obligations. |
117
|
|
|
|
|
The net funded status of the Company’s pension and other
postretirement liabilities included within other liabilities has
been excluded from the amounts presented in the table above.
Rather, the amounts presented represent the discretionary
contributions of $300 million expected to be made by the
Company to the pension plan in 2008 and the discretionary
contributions of $59 million, based on the current
year’s expected gross benefit payments to participants, to
be made by the Company to the postretirement benefit plans
during 2008. Virtually all contributions to the pension and
postretirement benefit plans are made by the insurance
subsidiaries of the Holding Company with little impact on the
Holding Company’s cash flows. |
|
|
|
Excluded from the table above are deferred income tax
liabilities, unrecognized tax benefits, and accrued interest of
$1.0 billion, $1.1 billion, and $292 million,
respectively, for which the Company cannot reliably determine
the timing of payment. Current income tax payable is also
excluded from the table. |
|
|
|
See also “— Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements.” |
Separate account liabilities are excluded from the table above.
Separate account liabilities represent the fair market value of
the funds that are separately administered by the Company.
Separate account liabilities are set equal to the fair value of
separate account assets as prescribed by
SOP 03-1.
Generally, the separate account owner, rather than the Company,
bears the investment risk of these funds. The separate account
assets are legally segregated and are not subject to the claims
that arise out of any other business of the Company. Net
deposits, net investment income and realized and unrealized
capital gains and losses on the separate accounts are not
reflected in the consolidated statements of income. The separate
account liabilities will be fully funded by cash flows from the
separate account assets.
The Company also enters into agreements to purchase goods and
services in the normal course of business; however, these
purchase obligations are not material to its consolidated
results of operations or financial position as of June 30,
2008.
Additionally, the Company has agreements in place for services
it conducts, generally at cost, between subsidiaries relating to
insurance, reinsurance, loans, and capitalization. Intercompany
transactions have appropriately been eliminated in
consolidation. Intercompany transactions among insurance
subsidiaries and affiliates have been approved by the
appropriate departments of insurance as required.
Support Agreements. The Holding Company and
several of its subsidiaries (each, an “Obligor”) are
parties to various capital support commitments, guarantees and
contingent reinsurance agreements with certain subsidiaries of
the Holding Company and a corporation in which the Holding
Company owns approximately 50% of the equity. Under these
arrangements, each Obligor, with respect to the applicable
entity, has agreed to cause such entity to meet specified
capital and surplus levels, has guaranteed certain contractual
obligations or has agreed to provide, upon the occurrence of
certain contingencies, reinsurance for such entity’s
insurance liabilities or for certain policies reinsured by such
entity. Management does not anticipate that these arrangements
will place any significant demands upon the Company’s
liquidity resources.
Litigation. Putative or certified class action
litigation and other litigation, and claims and assessments
against the Company, in addition to those discussed elsewhere
herein and those otherwise provided for in the Company’s
consolidated financial statements, have arisen in the course of
the Company’s business, including, but not limited to, in
connection with its activities as an insurer, employer,
investor, investment advisor and taxpayer. Further, state
insurance regulatory authorities and other federal and state
authorities regularly make inquiries and conduct investigations
concerning the Company’s compliance with applicable
insurance and other laws and regulations.
It is not possible to predict or determine the ultimate outcome
of all pending investigations and legal proceedings or provide
reasonable ranges of potential losses except as noted elsewhere
herein in connection with specific matters. In some of the
matters referred to herein, very large
and/or
indeterminate amounts, including punitive and treble damages,
are sought. Although in light of these considerations, it is
possible that an adverse outcome in certain cases could have a
material adverse effect upon the Company’s financial
position, based on information currently known by the
Company’s management, in its opinion, the outcome of such
pending investigations and legal proceedings are not likely to
have such an effect. However, given the large
and/or
indeterminate amounts sought in certain of these matters and the
inherent unpredictability of litigation, it is possible that an
adverse outcome in certain matters could, from time to time,
have a material adverse effect on the Company’s net income
or cash flows in particular quarterly or annual periods.
118
Fair Value. Management does not believe
increases and decreases in the aggregate fair value of our
assets and liabilities will adversely impact our liquidity and
capital resources. See also “— Quantitative and
Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.”
Other. Based on management’s analysis of
its expected cash inflows from operating activities, the
dividends it receives from subsidiaries, including MLIC, that
are permitted to be paid without prior insurance regulatory
approval and its portfolio of liquid assets and other
anticipated cash flows, management believes there will be
sufficient liquidity to enable the Company to make payments on
debt, make cash dividend payments on its common and preferred
stock, pay all operating expenses, and meet its cash needs. The
nature of the Company’s diverse product portfolio and
customer base lessens the likelihood that normal operations will
result in any significant strain on liquidity.
Consolidated Cash Flows. Net cash provided by
operating activities increased by $1.4 billion to
$5.5 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2008 as
compared to $4.1 billion for the six months ended
June 30, 2007 primarily due to higher premiums and fees.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $7.5 billion
and $10.0 billion for the six months ended June 30,
2008 and 2007, respectively. Accordingly, net cash provided by
financing activities decreased by $2.5 billion for the six
months ended June 30, 2008 as compared to the same period
in the prior year. Net cash provided by financing activities
decreased primarily as a result of a $2.9 billion decrease
in the amount of securities lending cash collateral received in
connection with the Company’s securities lending program, a
$2.1 billion decrease in the issuance of collateral
financing arrangements, a $0.5 billion increase in shares
acquired under the Company’s common stock repurchase
program and a $0.1 billion decrease in the net issuance of
long-term debt. These decreases were partially offset by an
increase in net cash provided by policyholder account balances
of $2.6 billion and the issuance of $0.8 billion of
junior subordinated debt securities in the current period.
Net cash used in investing activities was $9.5 billion and
$14.7 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2008
and 2007, respectively. Accordingly, net cash used in investing
activities decreased by $5.2 billion for the six months
ended June 30, 2008 as compared to the same period in the
prior year. In the current year, cash available for the purchase
of invested assets decreased by $2.5 billion as a result of
the reduction in cash provided by financing activities discussed
above. Partially offsetting this decrease in cash available for
the purchase of invested assets was an increase of
$1.4 billion in net cash provided by operating activities
discussed above. The net decrease in the amount of cash
available for investing activities resulted in a decrease in net
purchases of fixed maturity and equity securities of
$6.5 billion and $0.9 billion, respectively, as well
as a decrease in the net purchases of real estate and real
estate joint ventures of $0.3 billion. In addition, there
was a decrease in cash invested in short-term investments of
$0.8 billion. These decreases in net cash used in investing
activities were partially offset by an increase in other
invested assets of $1.5 billion, an increase in the net
origination of mortgage and consumer loans of $0.7 billion,
an increase in net purchases of other limited partnership
interests of $0.4 billion and an increase in policy loans
of $0.3 billion. In addition, the 2008 period includes an
increase of $0.3 billion of cash used to purchase
businesses.
The
Holding Company
Capital
Restrictions and Limitations on Bank Holding Companies and
Financial Holding Companies —
Capital. The Holding Company and its insured
depository institution subsidiary, MetLife Bank, are subject to
risk-based and leverage capital guidelines issued by the federal
banking regulatory agencies for banks and financial holding
companies. The federal banking regulatory agencies are required
by law to take specific prompt corrective actions with respect
to institutions that do not meet minimum capital standards. As
of their most recently filed reports with the federal banking
regulatory agencies, MetLife, Inc. and MetLife Bank met the
minimum capital standards as per federal banking regulatory
agencies with all of MetLife Bank’s risk-based and leverage
capital ratios meeting the federal banking regulatory
agencies’ “well capitalized” standards and all of
MetLife, Inc.’s risk-based and leverage capital ratios
meeting the “adequately capitalized” standards.
Liquidity
Liquidity is managed to preserve stable, reliable and
cost-effective sources of cash to meet all current and future
financial obligations and is provided by a variety of sources,
including a portfolio of liquid assets, a
119
diversified mix of short- and long-term funding sources from the
wholesale financial markets and the ability to borrow through
committed credit facilities. The Holding Company is an active
participant in the global financial markets through which it
obtains a significant amount of funding. These markets, which
serve as cost-effective sources of funds, are critical
components of the Holding Company’s liquidity management.
Decisions to access these markets are based upon relative costs,
prospective views of balance sheet growth and a targeted
liquidity profile. A disruption in the financial markets could
limit the Holding Company’s access to liquidity.
The Holding Company’s ability to maintain regular access to
competitively priced wholesale funds is fostered by its current
high credit ratings from the major credit rating agencies.
Management views its capital ratios, credit quality, stable and
diverse earnings streams, diversity of liquidity sources and its
liquidity monitoring procedures as critical to retaining high
credit ratings.
Liquidity is monitored through the use of internal liquidity
risk metrics, including the composition and level of the liquid
asset portfolio, timing differences in short-term cash flow
obligations, access to the financial markets for capital and
debt transactions and exposure to contingent draws on the
Holding Company’s liquidity.
Liquidity
Sources
Dividends. The primary source of the Holding
Company’s liquidity is dividends it receives from its
insurance subsidiaries. The Holding Company’s insurance
subsidiaries are subject to regulatory restrictions on the
payment of dividends imposed by the regulators of their
respective domiciles. The dividend limitation for
U.S. insurance subsidiaries is based on the surplus to
policyholders as of the immediately preceding calendar year and
statutory net gain from operations for the immediately preceding
calendar year. Statutory accounting practices, as prescribed by
insurance regulators of various states in which the Company
conducts business, differ in certain respects from accounting
principles used in financial statements prepared in conformity
with GAAP. The significant differences relate to the treatment
of DAC, certain deferred income tax, required investment
reserves, reserve calculation assumptions, goodwill and surplus
notes. Management of the Holding Company cannot provide
assurances that the Holding Company’s insurance
subsidiaries will have statutory earnings to support payment of
dividends to the Holding Company in an amount sufficient to fund
its cash requirements and pay cash dividends and that the
applicable insurance departments will not disapprove any
dividends that such insurance subsidiaries must submit for
approval.
The table below sets forth the dividends permitted to be paid by
the respective insurance subsidiary without insurance regulatory
approval:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
|
Permitted w/o
|
|
Company
|
|
Approval (1)
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Metropolitan Life Insurance Company
|
|
$
|
1,299
|
(2)
|
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
|
|
$
|
1,026
|
|
Metropolitan Tower Life Insurance Company
|
|
$
|
113
|
(3)
|
Metropolitan Property and Casualty Insurance Company
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Reflects dividend amounts that may be paid during 2008 without
prior regulatory approval. However, if paid before a specified
date during 2008, some or all of such dividends may require
regulatory approval. |
|
(2) |
|
As part of the split-off transaction described under
“— Acquisitions and Dispositions”, MLIC
would be distributing shares of RGA stock to the Holding Company
as an in-kind dividend. In such event, based on the market value
of these shares at the time of the dividend, all or
substantially all of the $1,299 million amount would be
used to effectuate the split-off transaction and would not be
available to the Holding Company. |
|
(3) |
|
On July 1, 2008, following regulatory approval,
Metropolitan Tower Life Insurance Company distributed all of the
common stock of one of its subsidiaries to the Holding Company
as an in-kind dividend in an amount in excess of
$113 million. As a result, the entire $113 million
amount was used for this purpose. |
During the six months ended June 30, 2008, dividends of
$25 million were paid to the Holding Company.
120
Liquid Assets. An integral part of the Holding
Company’s liquidity management is the amount of liquid
assets it holds. Liquid assets include cash, cash equivalents,
short-term investments and marketable fixed maturity securities.
Liquid assets exclude assets relating to securities lending
activities. At June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007,
the Holding Company had $1.4 billion and $2.3 billion
in liquid assets, respectively.
Global Funding Sources. Liquidity is also
provided by a variety of short-term and long-term instruments,
commercial paper, medium- and long-term debt, junior
subordinated debt securities, collateral financing arrangements,
capital securities and stockholders’ equity. The diversity
of the Holding Company’s funding sources enhances funding
flexibility and limits dependence on any one source of funds and
generally lowers the cost of funds. Other sources of the Holding
Company’s liquidity include programs for short- and
long-term borrowing, as needed.
At June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Holding
Company had $315 million and $310 million in
short-term debt outstanding, respectively. At both June 30,
2008 and December 31, 2007, the Holding Company had
outstanding $7.0 billion, of unaffiliated long-term debt,
$500 million of affiliated long-term debt and
$3.4 billion of junior subordinated debt securities. At
June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Holding
Company had outstanding $2.5 billion and $2.4 billion,
respectively, of collateral financing arrangements.
Debt Issuances. As described more fully in
“— Liquidity and Capital Resources —
The Company — Liquidity Sources — Debt
Issuances”, during April 2008, Trust X issued
Trust Securities with a face amount of $750 million,
and a fixed rate of interest of 9.25% up to, but not including,
April 8, 2038, the scheduled redemption date. The
beneficial interest of Trust X held by the Holding Company
is not represented by an investment in Trust X but rather
by a financing agreement between the Holding Company and
Trust X. The assets of Trust X are $750 million
of 8.595% surplus notes of MetLife Insurance Company of
Connecticut (“MICC”), which are scheduled to mature
April 8, 2038, and rights under the financing agreement.
Under the financing agreement, the Holding Company has the
obligation to make payments (i) semiannually at a fixed
rate of 0.655% of the surplus notes outstanding and owned by
Trust X or if greater (ii) equal to the difference
between the Trust Securities interest payment and the
interest received by Trust X on the surplus notes. The
ability of MICC to make interest and principal payments on the
surplus notes to the Holding Company is contingent upon
regulatory approval. The Trust Securities will be exchanged
into a like amount of Holding Company junior subordinated
debentures on April 8, 2038, the scheduled redemption date;
mandatorily under certain circumstances; and at any time upon
the Holding Company exercising its option to redeem the
securities. The Trust Securities will be exchanged for
junior subordinated debentures prior to repayment and the
Holding Company is ultimately responsible for repayment of the
junior subordinated debentures. The Holding Company’s other
rights and obligations as they relate to the deferral of
interest, redemption, replacement capital obligation and RCC
associated with the issuance of the Trust Securities are
more fully described in “— Liquidity and Capital
Resources — The Company — Liquidity
Sources — Debt Issuances.”
Preferred Stock. During the six months ended
June 30, 2008, the Holding Company issued no new preferred
stock.
See “— Liquidity and Capital
Resources — The Holding Company — Liquidity
Uses — Dividends” for dividends paid on the
Company’s preferred stock.
Credit Facilities. The Holding Company and
MetLife Funding entered into a $3.0 billion credit
agreement with various financial institutions, the proceeds of
which are available to be used for general corporate purposes,
to support their commercial paper programs and for the issuance
of letters of credit. All borrowings under the credit agreement
must be repaid by June 2012, except that letters of credit
outstanding upon termination may remain outstanding until June
2013. The borrowers and the lenders under this facility may
agree to extend the term of all or part of the facility to no
later than June 2014, except that letters of credit outstanding
upon termination may remain outstanding until June 2015.
At June 30, 2008, $2.2 billion of letters of credit
have been issued under these unsecured credit facilities on
behalf of the Holding Company.
121
Committed Facilities. Information on committed
facilities as of June 30, 2008 is as follows:
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Letter of
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Credit
|
|
|
Unused
|
|
|
Maturity
|
|
Account Party/Borrower(s)
|
|
Expiration
|
|
Capacity
|
|
|
Drawdowns
|
|
|
Issuances
|
|
|
Commitments
|
|
|
(Years)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Exeter Reassurance Company Ltd., MetLife, Inc., & Missouri
Reinsurance (Barbados), Inc.
|
|
June 2016 (1)
|
|
$
|
500
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
490
|
|
|
$
|
10
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
Exeter Reassurance Company Ltd.
|
|
December 2027(2)
|
|
|
650
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
410
|
|
|
|
240
|
|
|
|
19
|
|
MetLife Reinsurance Company of South Carolina &
MetLife, Inc.
|
|
June 2037
|
|
|
3,500
|
|
|
|
2,497
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1,003
|
|
|
|
29
|
|
MetLife Reinsurance Company of Vermont & MetLife,
Inc.
|
|
December 2037(2)
|
|
|
2,896
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1,297
|
|
|
|
1,599
|
|
|
|
29
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
$
|
7,546
|
|
|
$
|
2,497
|
|
|
$
|
2,197
|
|
|
$
|
2,852
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Letters of credit and replacements or renewals thereof issued
under this facility of $280 million, $10 million and
$200 million are set to expire no later than December 2015,
March 2016 and June 2016, respectively. |
|
(2) |
|
The Holding Company is a guarantor under this agreement. |
Letters of Credit. At June 30, 2008, the
Holding Company had $2.2 billion in outstanding letters of
credit, all of which are associated with the aforementioned
credit facilities, from various financial institutions. As
commitments associated with letters of credit and financing
arrangements may expire unused, these amounts do not necessarily
reflect the Holding Company’s actual future cash funding
requirements.
Remarketing of Securities and Settlement of Stock Purchase
Contracts Underlying Common Equity Units. The
Holding Company distributed and sold 82.8 million 6.375%
common equity units for $2.1 billion in proceeds in a
registered public offering on June 21, 2005. These common
equity units are comprised of trust preferred securities issued
by MetLife Capital Trust II and MetLife Capital
Trust III, which hold junior subordinated debentures of the
Holding Company, and stock purchase contracts issued by the
Holding Company. See Note 13 of the Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements included in the 2007 Annual Report for a
description of the common equity units.
On July 7, 2008, the Holding Company provided notice that
MetLife Capital Trust II will be dissolved on
August 6, 2008. Upon the dissolution, the junior
subordinated debentures held by the trust will be distributed to
holders of the trust preferred securities.
On July 11, 2008, the Holding Company entered into an
agreement with respect to the initial remarketing of the junior
subordinated debentures on behalf of the holders of common
equity units, who will receive the junior subordinated
debentures upon the dissolution of MetLife Capital
Trust II. The initial remarketing is expected to close on
August 15, 2008, and will yield approximately
$1 billion in proceeds, which holders of common equity
units will use to settle their payment obligations under the
applicable stock purchase contract. The Holding Company has
elected, as permitted by the terms of the junior subordinated
debentures, to modify certain terms of the remarketed debentures
effective upon the successful completion of the remarketing. A
second remarketing transaction involving the trust preferred
securities issued by MetLife Capital Trust III or the
junior subordinated debentures issued by the Holding Company and
held as assets of the trust, is expected to be completed on
February 15, 2009, with approximately $1 billion of
additional proceeds, which holders of common equity units will
use to settle their payment obligations under the applicable
stock purchase contract.
The initial and subsequent settlements of the stock purchase
contracts are expected to close on August 15, 2008 and
February 15, 2009, respectively, providing proceeds to the
Holding Company of approximately $1 billion at the time of
each settlement in exchange for shares of the Holding
Company’s common stock. The Holding Company expects that
between 39 million and 48 million shares of common
stock will be delivered by the Holding Company to settle the
stock purchase contracts.
122
Liquidity
Uses
The primary uses of liquidity of the Holding Company include
debt service, cash dividends on common and preferred stock,
capital contributions to subsidiaries, payment of general
operating expenses, acquisitions and the repurchase of the
Holding Company’s common stock.
Dividends. Information on the declaration,
record and payment dates, as well as per share and aggregate
dividend amounts, for the Company’s Floating Rate
Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series A and 6.50%
Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series B is as follows for
the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007:
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dividend
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Series A
|
|
|
Series A
|
|
|
Series B
|
|
|
Series B
|
|
Declaration Date
|
|
Record Date
|
|
Payment Date
|
|
Per Share
|
|
|
Aggregate
|
|
|
Per Share
|
|
|
Aggregate
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions, except per share data)
|
|
|
May 15, 2008
|
|
May 31, 2008
|
|
June 16, 2008
|
|
$
|
0.2555555
|
|
|
$
|
7
|
|
|
$
|
0.4062500
|
|
|
$
|
24
|
|
March 5, 2008
|
|
February 29, 2008
|
|
March 17, 2008
|
|
$
|
0.3785745
|
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
$
|
0.4062500
|
|
|
|
24
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
16
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
48
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
May 15, 2007
|
|
May 31, 2007
|
|
June 15, 2007
|
|
$
|
0.4060062
|
|
|
$
|
10
|
|
|
$
|
0.4062500
|
|
|
$
|
24
|
|
March 5, 2007
|
|
February 28, 2007
|
|
March 15, 2007
|
|
$
|
0.3975000
|
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
$
|
0.4062500
|
|
|
|
24
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
20
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
48
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Affiliated Capital Transactions. During the
six months ended June 30, 2008, the Holding Company
invested an aggregate of $788 million in various affiliates.
Share Repurchase. At December 31, 2007,
the Company had $511 million remaining under its cumulative
stock repurchase program authorizations. The $511 million
authorization was reduced by $450 million to
$61 million upon settlement of the accelerated stock
repurchase agreement executed during December 2007 but for which
no settlement occurred until January 2008. Under the terms of
the agreement, the Company paid the bank $450 million in
cash in January 2008 in exchange for 6.6 million shares of
the Company’s outstanding common stock that the bank
borrowed from third parties. Also in January 2008, the bank
delivered 1.1 million additional shares of the
Company’s common stock to the Company resulting in a total
of 7.7 million shares being repurchased under the
agreement. Upon settlement with the bank in January 2008, the
Company increased additional paid-in capital and treasury stock.
In January 2008, the Company’s Board of Directors
authorized an additional $1 billion common stock repurchase
program which began after the completion of the September 2007
program. Under these authorizations, the Holding Company may
purchase its common stock from the MetLife Policyholder Trust,
in the open market (including pursuant to the terms of a pre-set
trading plan meeting the requirements of
Rule 10b5-1
under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the
“Exchange Act”)) and in privately negotiated
transactions.
In February 2008, the Company entered into an accelerated common
stock repurchase agreement with a major bank. Under the
agreement, the Company paid the bank $711 million in cash
and the bank delivered an initial amount of 11.2 million
shares of the Company’s outstanding common stock that the
bank borrowed from third parties. In May 2008, the bank
delivered an additional 0.9 million shares of the
Company’s common stock to the Company resulting in a total
of 12.1 million shares being repurchased under the
agreement. Upon settlement with the bank in May 2008, the
Company increased additional paid-in capital and treasury stock.
The Company also repurchased 1.5 million shares through
open market purchases for $89 million during the six months
ended June 30, 2008.
The Company repurchased 21.3 million shares of its common
stock for $1.3 billion during the six months ended
June 30, 2008. During the six months ended June 30,
2008, 1.8 million shares of common stock were issued from
treasury stock for $93 million.
In April 2008, the Holding Company’s Board of Directors
authorized an additional $1 billion common stock repurchase
program which will begin after the completion of the January
2008 program. The amount remaining under these repurchase
programs was $1,261 million at June 30, 2008.
123
Future common stock repurchases will be dependent upon several
factors, including the Company’s capital position, its
financial strength and credit ratings, general market conditions
and the price of MetLife, Inc.’s common stock.
Support Agreements. The Holding Company is
party to various capital support commitments with certain of its
subsidiaries and a corporation in which it owns 50% of the
equity. Under these arrangements, the Holding Company has agreed
to cause each such entity to meet specified capital and surplus
levels. Management does not anticipate that these arrangements
will place any significant demands upon the Holding
Company’s liquidity resources.
Based on management’s analysis and comparison of its
current and future cash inflows from the dividends it receives
from subsidiaries that are permitted to be paid without prior
insurance regulatory approval, its portfolio of liquid assets,
anticipated securities issuances and other anticipated cash
flows, management believes there will be sufficient liquidity to
enable the Holding Company to make payments on debt, make cash
dividend payments on its common and preferred stock, contribute
capital to its subsidiaries, pay all operating expenses and meet
its cash needs.
Off-Balance
Sheet Arrangements
Commitments
to Fund Partnership Investments
The Company makes commitments to fund partnership investments in
the normal course of business for the purpose of enhancing the
Company’s total return on its investment portfolio. The
amounts of these unfunded commitments were $4.8 billion and
$4.3 billion at June 30, 2008 and December 31,
2007, respectively. The Company anticipates that these amounts
will be invested in partnerships over the next five years. There
are no other obligations or liabilities arising from such
arrangements that are reasonably likely to become material.
Mortgage
Loan Commitments
The Company commits to lend funds under mortgage loan
commitments. The amounts of these mortgage loan commitments were
$3.8 billion and $4.0 billion at June 30, 2008
and December 31, 2007, respectively. The purpose of these
loans is to enhance the Company’s total return on its
investment portfolio. There are no other obligations or
liabilities arising from such arrangements that are reasonably
likely to become material.
Commitments
to Fund Bank Credit Facilities, Bridge Loans and Private
Corporate Bond Investments
The Company commits to lend funds under bank credit facilities,
bridge loans and private corporate bond investments. The amounts
of these unfunded commitments were $1.1 billion and
$1.2 billion at June 30, 2008 and December 31,
2007, respectively. The purpose of these commitments and any
related fundings is to enhance the Company’s total return
on its investment portfolio. There are no other obligations or
liabilities arising from such arrangements that are reasonably
likely to become material.
Lease
Commitments
The Company, as lessee, has entered into various lease and
sublease agreements for office space, data processing and other
equipment. There have been no material changes in the
Company’s commitments under such lease agreements from that
reported at December 31, 2007, included in the 2007 Annual
Report.
Credit
Facilities and Letters of Credit
The Company maintains committed and unsecured credit facilities
and letters of credit with various financial institutions. See
“— Liquidity and Capital Resources —
The Company — Liquidity Sources — Credit
Facilities” and ‘‘— Letters of
Credit” for further descriptions of such arrangements.
Share-Based
Arrangements
In connection with the issuance of common equity units, the
Holding Company issued forward stock purchase contracts under
which the Holding Company will issue, in 2008 and 2009, between
39 and 48 million shares of its common stock, depending
upon whether the share price is greater than $43.35 and less
than $53.10. See
124
“— Liquidity and Capital Resources —
The Company — Liquidity Sources —
Remarketing of Securities and Settlement of Stock Purchase
Contracts Underlying Common Equity Units” for further
information.
Guarantees
In the normal course of its business, the Company has provided
certain indemnities, guarantees and commitments to third parties
pursuant to which it may be required to make payments now or in
the future. In the context of acquisition, disposition,
investment and other transactions, the Company has provided
indemnities and guarantees, including those related to tax,
environmental and other specific liabilities, and other
indemnities and guarantees that are triggered by, among other
things, breaches of representations, warranties or covenants
provided by the Company. In addition, in the normal course of
business, the Company provides indemnifications to
counterparties in contracts with triggers similar to the
foregoing, as well as for certain other liabilities, such as
third party lawsuits. These obligations are often subject to
time limitations that vary in duration, including contractual
limitations and those that arise by operation of law, such as
applicable statutes of limitation. In some cases, the maximum
potential obligation under the indemnities and guarantees is
subject to a contractual limitation ranging from less than
$1 million to $800 million, with a cumulative maximum
of $2.4 billion, while in other cases such limitations are
not specified or applicable. Since certain of these obligations
are not subject to limitations, the Company does not believe
that it is possible to determine the maximum potential amount
that could become due under these guarantees in the future.
In addition, the Company indemnifies its directors and officers
as provided in its charters and by-laws. Also, the Company
indemnifies its agents for liabilities incurred as a result of
their representation of the Company’s interests. Since
these indemnities are generally not subject to limitation with
respect to duration or amount, the Company does not believe that
it is possible to determine the maximum potential amount that
could become due under these indemnities in the future.
The Company has also guaranteed minimum investment returns on
certain international retirement funds in accordance with local
laws. Since these guarantees are not subject to limitation with
respect to duration or amount, the Company does not believe that
it is possible to determine the maximum potential amount that
could become due under these guarantees in the future.
During the six months ended June 30, 2008, the Company
recorded $7 million of additional liabilities for
guarantees related to certain investment transactions. The term
for these liabilities varies, with a maximum of 18 years.
The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company
could be required to pay under these guarantees is
$225 million. The Company’s recorded liabilities were
$13 million and $6 million at June 30, 2008 and
December 31, 2007, respectively, for indemnities,
guarantees and commitments.
In connection with synthetically created investment
transactions, the Company writes credit default swap obligations
that generally require payment of principal outstanding due in
exchange for the referenced credit obligation. If a credit
event, as defined by the contract, occurs the Company’s
maximum amount at risk, assuming the value of the referenced
credits becomes worthless, was $1.9 billion at
June 30, 2008. The credit default swaps expire at various
times during the next eight years.
Collateral
for Securities Lending
The Company has non-cash collateral for securities lending on
deposit from customers, which cannot be sold or repledged, and
which has not been recorded on its consolidated balance sheets.
The amount of this collateral was $19 million and
$40 million at June 30, 2008 and December 31,
2007, respectively.
Adoption
of New Accounting Pronouncements
Fair
Value
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157,
Fair Value Measurements (“SFAS 157”).
SFAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a consistent
framework for measuring fair value, establishes a fair value
hierarchy based on the observability of inputs used to measure
fair value, and requires enhanced disclosures about fair value
measurements.
SFAS 157 defines fair value as the price that would be
received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an
exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the
asset or liability in an orderly transaction between
125
market participants on the measurement date. In many cases, the
exit price and the transaction (or entry) price will be the same
at initial recognition. However, in certain cases, the
transaction price may not represent fair value. Prior to
SFAS 157, the fair value of a liability was often based on
a settlement price concept, which assumed the liability was
extinguished. Under SFAS 157, fair value is based on the
amount that would be paid to transfer a liability to a third
party with the same credit standing. SFAS 157 requires that
fair value be a market-based measurement in which the fair value
is determined based on a hypothetical transaction at the
measurement date, considered from the perspective of a market
participant. Accordingly, fair value is no longer determined
based solely upon the perspective of the reporting entity. When
quoted prices are not used to determine fair value,
SFAS 157 requires consideration of three broad valuation
techniques: (i) the market approach, (ii) the income
approach, and (iii) the cost approach. The approaches are
not new but SFAS 157 requires that entities determine the
most appropriate valuation technique to use, given what is being
measured and the availability of sufficient inputs.
SFAS 157 prioritizes the inputs to fair valuation
techniques and allows for the use of unobservable inputs to the
extent that observable inputs are not available. The Company has
categorized its assets and liabilities into a three-level
hierarchy, based on the priority of the inputs to the respective
valuation technique. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest
priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets
or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to
unobservable inputs (Level 3). An asset or liability’s
classification within the fair value hierarchy is based on the
lowest level of significant input to its valuation.
SFAS 157 defines the input levels as follows:
|
|
|
|
Level 1
|
Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets
or liabilities.
|
|
|
Level 2
|
Quoted prices in markets that are not active or inputs that are
observable either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs
include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities other
than quoted prices in Level 1; quoted prices in markets
that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can
be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market
data for substantially the full term of the assets or
liabilities.
|
|
|
Level 3
|
Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market
activity and are significant to the fair value of the assets or
liabilities. Unobservable inputs reflect the reporting
entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market
participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.
Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial
instruments whose values are determined using pricing models,
discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as
well as instruments for which the determination of fair value
requires significant management judgment or estimation.
|
Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted
SFAS 157 and applied the provisions of the statement
prospectively to assets and liabilities measured at fair value.
The adoption of SFAS 157 changed the valuation of certain
freestanding derivatives by moving from a mid to bid pricing
convention as it relates to certain volatility inputs as well as
the addition of liquidity adjustments and adjustments for risks
inherent in a particular input or valuation technique. The
adoption of SFAS 157 also changed the valuation of the
Company’s embedded derivatives, most significantly the
valuation of embedded derivatives associated with certain riders
on variable annuity contracts. The change in valuation of
embedded derivatives associated with riders on annuity contracts
resulted from the incorporation of risk margins associated with
non capital market inputs and the inclusion of the
Company’s own credit standing in their valuation. At
January 1, 2008, the impact of adopting SFAS 157 on
assets and liabilities measured at fair value was
$30 million ($19 million, net of income tax) and was
recognized as a change in estimate in the accompanying unaudited
condensed consolidated statement of income where it was
presented in the respective income statement caption to which
the item measured at fair value is presented. There were no
significant changes in fair value of items measured at fair
value and reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income
(loss). The addition of risk margins and the Company’s own
credit spread in the valuation of embedded derivatives
associated with annuity contracts may result in significant
volatility in the Company’s consolidated net income in
future periods. The impact of adopting SFAS 157 also
changed the fair value measurement for assets and liabilities
which are not measured at fair value in the financial statements
but for which disclosures of fair value are required under
SFAS No. 107, Disclosures about Fair Value of
Financial Instruments (“SFAS 107”).
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, The
Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities
(“SFAS 159”). SFAS 159 permits entities
the option to measure most financial instruments and certain
other items at fair value at specified election dates and to
recognize related unrealized gains and losses in earnings. The
fair value option is applied on an
instrument-by-instrument
basis upon adoption of the standard, upon the
126
acquisition of an eligible financial asset, financial liability
or firm commitment or when certain specified reconsideration
events occur. The fair value election is an irrevocable
election. Effective January 1, 2008, the Company elected
the fair value option on fixed maturity and equity securities
backing certain pension products sold in Brazil. Such securities
will now be presented as trading securities in accordance with
SFAS No. 115, Accounting for Certain Investments in
Debt and Equity Securities (“SFAS 115”) on
the consolidated balance sheet with subsequent changes in fair
value recognized in net investment income. Previously, these
securities were accounted for as available-for-sale securities
in accordance with SFAS 115 and unrealized gains and losses
on these securities were recorded as a separate component of
accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). The
Company’s insurance joint venture in Japan also elected the
fair value option for certain of its existing single premium
deferred annuities and the assets supporting such liabilities.
The fair value option was elected to achieve improved reporting
of the asset/liability matching associated with these products.
Adoption of SFAS 159 by the Company and its Japanese joint
venture resulted in an increase in retained earnings of
$27 million, net of income tax, at January 1, 2008.
The election of the fair value option resulted in the
reclassification of $10 million, net of income tax, of net
unrealized gains from accumulated other comprehensive income
(loss) to retained earnings on January 1, 2008.
Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted FASB Staff
Position (“FSP”)
No. FAS 157-1,
Application of FASB Statement No. 157 to FASB Statement
No. 13 and Other Accounting Pronouncements That Address
Fair Value Measurements for Purposes of Lease Classification or
Measurement under Statement 13
(“FSP 157-1”).
FSP 157-1
amends SFAS 157 to provide a scope out exception for lease
classification and measurement under SFAS No. 13,
Accounting for Leases. The Company also adopted FSP
No. FAS 157-2,
Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157 which
delays the effective date of SFAS 157 for certain
nonfinancial assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair
value on a nonrecurring basis. The effective date is delayed
until January 1, 2009 and impacts balance sheet items
including nonfinancial assets and liabilities in a business
combination and the impairment testing of goodwill and
long-lived assets.
Other
Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted FSP
No. FIN 39-1,
Amendment of FASB Interpretation No. 39
(“FSP 39-1”).
FSP 39-1
amends FASB Interpretation No. 39, Offsetting of Amounts
Related to Certain Contracts (“FIN 39”), to
permit a reporting entity to offset fair value amounts
recognized for the right to reclaim cash collateral (a
receivable) or the obligation to return cash collateral (a
payable) against fair value amounts recognized for derivative
instruments executed with the same counterparty under the same
master netting arrangement that have been offset in accordance
with FIN 39.
FSP 39-1
also amends FIN 39 for certain terminology modifications.
Upon adoption of
FSP 39-1,
the Company did not change its accounting policy of not
offsetting fair value amounts recognized for derivative
instruments under master netting arrangements. The adoption of
FSP 39-1
did not have an impact on the Company’s unaudited interim
condensed consolidated financial statements.
Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted SEC Staff
Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) No. 109, Written
Loan Commitments Recorded at Fair Value through Earnings
(“SAB 109”), which amends
SAB No. 105, Application of Accounting Principles
to Loan Commitments. SAB 109 provides guidance on
(i) incorporating expected net future cash flows when
related to the associated servicing of a loan when measuring
fair value; and (ii) broadening the SEC staff’s view
that internally-developed intangible assets should not be
recorded as part of the fair value of a derivative loan
commitment or to written loan commitments that are accounted for
at fair value through earnings. Internally-developed intangible
assets are not considered a component of the related
instruments. The adoption of SAB 109 did not have an impact
on the Company’s unaudited interim condensed consolidated
financial statements.
Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted
SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments
and Hedging Activities (“SFAS 133”)
Implementation Issue
E-23,
Clarification of the Application of the Shortcut Method
(“Issue
E-23”).
Issue E-23
amended SFAS 133 by permitting interest rate swaps to have
a non-zero fair value at inception when applying the shortcut
method of assessing hedge effectiveness, as long as the
difference between the transaction price (zero) and the fair
value (exit price), as defined by SFAS 157, is solely
attributable to a bid-ask spread. In addition, entities are not
precluded from applying the shortcut method of assessing hedge
effectiveness in a hedging relationship of interest rate risk
involving an interest bearing asset or liability in situations
where the hedged item is not recognized for accounting purposes
until settlement date as long as the period between trade date
and settlement date of the hedged item is consistent with
generally established conventions in the
127
marketplace. The adoption of Issue
E-23 did not
have an impact on the Company’s unaudited interim condensed
consolidated financial statements.
Future
Adoption of New Accounting Pronouncements
Business
Combinations
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141
(revised 2007), Business Combinations — A
Replacement of FASB Statement No. 141
(“SFAS 141(r)”) and SFAS No. 160,
Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial
Statements — An Amendment of ARB No. 51
(“SFAS 160”). Under SFAS 141(r) and
SFAS 160:
|
|
|
|
•
|
All business combinations (whether full, partial or
“step” acquisitions) result in all assets and
liabilities of an acquired business being recorded at fair
value, with limited exceptions.
|
|
|
•
|
Acquisition costs are generally expensed as incurred;
restructuring costs associated with a business combination are
generally expensed as incurred subsequent to the acquisition
date.
|
|
|
•
|
The fair value of the purchase price, including the issuance of
equity securities, is determined on the acquisition date.
|
|
|
•
|
Certain acquired contingent liabilities are recorded at fair
value at the acquisition date and subsequently measured at
either the higher of such amount or the amount determined under
existing guidance for non-acquired contingencies.
|
|
|
•
|
Changes in deferred tax asset valuation allowances and income
tax uncertainties after the acquisition date generally affect
income tax expense.
|
|
|
•
|
Noncontrolling interests (formerly known as “minority
interests”) are valued at fair value at the acquisition
date and are presented as equity rather than liabilities.
|
|
|
•
|
When control is attained on previously noncontrolling interests,
the previously held equity interests are remeasured at fair
value and a gain or loss is recognized.
|
|
|
•
|
Purchases or sales of equity interests that do not result in a
change in control are accounted for as equity transactions.
|
|
|
•
|
When control is lost in a partial disposition, realized gains or
losses are recorded on equity ownership sold and the remaining
ownership interest is remeasured and holding gains or losses are
recognized.
|
The pronouncements are effective for fiscal years beginning on
or after December 15, 2008 and apply prospectively to
business combinations. Presentation and disclosure requirements
related to noncontrolling interests must be retrospectively
applied. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of
SFAS 141(r) on its accounting for future acquisitions and
the impact of SFAS 160 on its consolidated financial
statements.
In April 2008, the FASB issued FSP
No. FAS 142-3,
Determination of the Useful Life of Intangible Assets
(“FSP 142-3”).
FSP 142-3
amends the factors that should be considered in developing
renewal or extension assumptions used to determine the useful
life of a recognized intangible asset under
SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
(“SFAS 142”). This change is intended to
improve the consistency between the useful life of a recognized
intangible asset under SFAS 142 and the period of expected
cash flows used to measure the fair value of the asset under
SFAS 141(r) and other GAAP.
FSP 142-3
is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years
beginning after December 15, 2008, and interim periods
within those fiscal years. The requirement for determining
useful lives must be applied prospectively to intangible assets
acquired after the effective date and the disclosure
requirements must be applied prospectively to all intangible
assets recognized as of, and subsequent to, the effective date.
Derivatives
In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161,
Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging
Activities — An Amendment of FASB Statement
No. 133 (“SFAS 161”). SFAS 161
requires enhanced qualitative disclosures about objectives and
strategies for using derivatives, quantitative disclosures about
fair value amounts of and gains and losses on derivative
instruments, and disclosures about credit-risk-related
contingent features in derivative agreements. SFAS 161 is
effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and
interim periods
128
beginning after November 15, 2008. The Company is currently
evaluating the impact of SFAS 161 on its consolidated
financial statements.
Other
In June 2008, the FASB ratified as final the consensus on
Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) Issue
No. 07-5,
Determining Whether an Instrument (or Embedded Feature) Is
Indexed to an Entity’s Own Stock
(“EITF 07-5”).
EITF 07-5
provides a framework for evaluating the terms of a particular
instrument and whether such terms qualify the instrument as
being indexed to an entity’s own stock.
EITF 07-5
is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years
beginning after December 15, 2008 and must be applied by
recording a cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balance
of retained earnings at the date of adoption. The Company is
currently evaluating the impact of
EITF 07-5
on its consolidated financial statements.
In February 2008, the FASB issued FSP
No. FAS 140-3,
Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets and Repurchase
Financing Transactions
(“FSP 140-3”).
FSP 140-3
provides guidance for evaluating whether to account for a
transfer of a financial asset and repurchase financing as a
single transaction or as two separate transactions.
FSP 140-3
is effective prospectively for financial statements issued for
fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008. The Company
is currently evaluating the impact of
FSP 140-3
on its consolidated financial statements.
In December 2007, the FASB ratified as final the consensus on
EITF Issue
No. 07-6,
Accounting for the Sale of Real Estate When the Agreement
Includes a Buy-Sell Clause
(“EITF 07-6”).
EITF 07-6
addresses whether the existence of a buy-sell arrangement would
preclude partial sales treatment when real estate is sold to a
jointly owned entity. The consensus concludes that the existence
of a buy-sell clause does not necessarily preclude partial sale
treatment under current guidance.
EITF 07-6
applies prospectively to new arrangements entered into and
assessments on existing transactions performed in fiscal years
beginning after December 15, 2008. The Company does not
expect the adoption of
EITF 07-6
to have a material impact on its consolidated financial
statements.
Investments
The Company’s primary investment objective is to optimize,
net of income tax, risk-adjusted investment income and
risk-adjusted total return while ensuring that assets and
liabilities are managed on a cash flow and duration basis. The
Company is exposed to three primary sources of investment risk:
|
|
|
|
•
|
credit risk, relating to the uncertainty associated with the
continued ability of a given obligor to make timely payments of
principal and interest;
|
|
|
•
|
interest rate risk, relating to the market price and cash flow
variability associated with changes in market interest
rates; and
|
|
|
•
|
market valuation risk.
|
The Company manages risk through in-house fundamental analysis
of the underlying obligors, issuers, transaction structures and
real estate properties. The Company also manages credit risk and
market valuation risk through industry and issuer
diversification and asset allocation. For real estate and
agricultural assets, the Company manages credit risk and market
valuation risk through geographic, property type and product
type diversification and asset allocation. The Company manages
interest rate risk as part of its asset and liability management
strategies; product design, such as the use of market value
adjustment features and surrender charges; and proactive
monitoring and management of certain non-guaranteed elements of
its products, such as the resetting of credited interest and
dividend rates for policies that permit such adjustments. The
Company also uses certain derivative instruments in the
management of credit and interest rate risks.
129
Composition
of Investment Portfolio Results
The following table illustrates the net investment income, net
investment gains (losses), annualized yields on average ending
assets and ending carrying value for each of the components of
the Company’s investment portfolio:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At or For the Three Months Ended June 30,
|
|
|
At or For the Six Months Ended June 30,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Fixed Maturity Securities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yield (1)
|
|
|
6.48
|
%
|
|
|
6.23
|
%
|
|
|
6.47
|
%
|
|
|
6.19
|
%
|
Investment income (2)
|
|
$
|
3,331
|
|
|
$
|
3,163
|
|
|
$
|
6,609
|
|
|
$
|
6,228
|
|
Investment gains (losses)
|
|
$
|
(300
|
)
|
|
$
|
(236
|
)
|
|
$
|
(504
|
)
|
|
$
|
(328
|
)
|
Ending carrying value (2)
|
|
$
|
242,074
|
|
|
$
|
251,963
|
|
|
$
|
242,074
|
|
|
$
|
251,963
|
|
Mortgage and Consumer Loans
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yield (1)
|
|
|
6.11
|
%
|
|
|
6.46
|
%
|
|
|
6.14
|
%
|
|
|
6.41
|
%
|
Investment income (3)
|
|
$
|
688
|
|
|
$
|
654
|
|
|
$
|
1,377
|
|
|
$
|
1,286
|
|
Investment gains (losses)
|
|
$
|
(35
|
)
|
|
$
|
13
|
|
|
$
|
(62
|
)
|
|
$
|
13
|
|
Ending carrying value
|
|
$
|
48,999
|
|
|
$
|
43,755
|
|
|
$
|
48,999
|
|
|
$
|
43,755
|
|
Real Estate and Real Estate Joint Ventures (4)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yield (1)
|
|
|
6.77
|
%
|
|
|
11.54
|
%
|
|
|
5.94
|
%
|
|
|
11.57
|
%
|
Investment income
|
|
$
|
121
|
|
|
$
|
164
|
|
|
$
|
208
|
|
|
$
|
315
|
|
Investment gains (losses)
|
|
$
|
4
|
|
|
$
|
37
|
|
|
$
|
2
|
|
|
$
|
44
|
|
Ending carrying value
|
|
$
|
7,328
|
|
|
$
|
5,933
|
|
|
$
|
7,328
|
|
|
$
|
5,933
|
|
Policy Loans
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yield (1)
|
|
|
6.24
|
%
|
|
|
6.20
|
%
|
|
|
6.23
|
%
|
|
|
6.18
|
%
|
Investment income
|
|
$
|
167
|
|
|
$
|
158
|
|
|
$
|
332
|
|
|
$
|
315
|
|
Ending carrying value
|
|
$
|
10,764
|
|
|
$
|
10,251
|
|
|
$
|
10,764
|
|
|
$
|
10,251
|
|
Equity Securities and Other Limited Partnership Interests
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yield (1)
|
|
|
5.29
|
%
|
|
|
20.85
|
%
|
|
|
6.15
|
%
|
|
|
18.17
|
%
|
Investment income
|
|
$
|
154
|
|
|
$
|
512
|
|
|
$
|
354
|
|
|
$
|
857
|
|
Investment gains (losses)
|
|
$
|
(15
|
)
|
|
$
|
28
|
|
|
$
|
(28
|
)
|
|
$
|
92
|
|
Ending carrying value
|
|
$
|
12,127
|
|
|
$
|
11,157
|
|
|
$
|
12,127
|
|
|
$
|
11,157
|
|
Cash and Short-Term Investments
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yield (1)
|
|
|
2.61
|
%
|
|
|
4.67
|
%
|
|
|
2.83
|
%
|
|
|
5.40
|
%
|
Investment income
|
|
$
|
87
|
|
|
$
|
99
|
|
|
$
|
183
|
|
|
$
|
222
|
|
Investment gains (losses)
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
1
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
Ending carrying value
|
|
$
|
15,795
|
|
|
$
|
9,267
|
|
|
$
|
15,795
|
|
|
$
|
9,267
|
|
Other Invested Assets (5)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yield (1)
|
|
|
3.69
|
%
|
|
|
11.13
|
%
|
|
|
3.54
|
%
|
|
|
10.05
|
%
|
Investment income
|
|
$
|
119
|
|
|
$
|
257
|
|
|
$
|
225
|
|
|
$
|
469
|
|
Investment gains (losses)
|
|
$
|
8
|
|
|
$
|
(151
|
)
|
|
$
|
(640
|
)
|
|
$
|
(225
|
)
|
Ending carrying value
|
|
$
|
13,335
|
|
|
$
|
10,302
|
|
|
$
|
13,335
|
|
|
$
|
10,302
|
|
Total Investments
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross investment income yield (1)
|
|
|
6.09
|
%
|
|
|
6.98
|
%
|
|
|
6.11
|
%
|
|
|
6.83
|
%
|
Investment fees and expenses yield
|
|
|
(0.16
|
)%
|
|
|
(0.15
|
)%
|
|
|
(0.16
|
)%
|
|
|
(0.15
|
)%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net Investment Income Yield
|
|
|
5.93
|
%
|
|
|
6.83
|
%
|
|
|
5.95
|
%
|
|
|
6.68
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross investment income
|
|
$
|
4,667
|
|
|
$
|
5,007
|
|
|
$
|
9,288
|
|
|
$
|
9,692
|
|
Investment fees and expenses
|
|
|
(119
|
)
|
|
|
(105
|
)
|
|
|
(241
|
)
|
|
|
(208
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net Investment Income
|
|
$
|
4,548
|
|
|
$
|
4,902
|
|
|
$
|
9,047
|
|
|
$
|
9,484
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ending carrying value
|
|
$
|
350,422
|
|
|
$
|
342,628
|
|
|
$
|
350,422
|
|
|
$
|
342,628
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross investment gains
|
|
$
|
286
|
|
|
$
|
315
|
|
|
$
|
691
|
|
|
$
|
623
|
|
Gross investment losses
|
|
|
(346
|
)
|
|
|
(494
|
)
|
|
|
(878
|
)
|
|
|
(783
|
)
|
Writedowns
|
|
|
(262
|
)
|
|
|
(22
|
)
|
|
|
(448
|
)
|
|
|
(25
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subtotal
|
|
$
|
(322
|
)
|
|
$
|
(201
|
)
|
|
$
|
(635
|
)
|
|
$
|
(185
|
)
|
Derivative and other instruments not qualifying for hedge
accounting
|
|
|
(16
|
)
|
|
|
(108
|
)
|
|
|
(596
|
)
|
|
|
(219
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment Gains (Losses)
|
|
$
|
(338
|
)
|
|
$
|
(309
|
)
|
|
$
|
(1,231
|
)
|
|
$
|
(404
|
)
|
Minority interest — investment gains (losses)
|
|
|
(2
|
)
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
23
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
Investment gains (losses) tax benefit (provision)
|
|
|
107
|
|
|
|
112
|
|
|
|
415
|
|
|
|
145
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment Gains (Losses), Net of Income Tax
|
|
$
|
(233
|
)
|
|
$
|
(193
|
)
|
|
$
|
(793
|
)
|
|
$
|
(251
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
130
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Yields are based on quarterly average asset carrying values,
excluding recognized and unrealized investment gains (losses),
and for yield calculation purposes, average assets exclude
collateral associated with the Company’s securities lending
program. |
|
(2) |
|
Fixed maturity securities include $883 million and
$919 million in ending carrying value related to trading
securities at June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Fixed
maturity securities include $9 million and
($42) million of investment income related to trading
securities for the three months and six months ended
June 30, 2008, respectively. Fixed maturity securities
include $16 million and $31 million of investment
income related to trading securities for the three months and
six months ended June 30, 2007, respectively. |
|
(3) |
|
Investment income from mortgage and consumer loans includes
prepayment fees. |
|
(4) |
|
Included in net investment income from real estate and real
estate joint ventures is $2 million and $1 million
related to discontinued operations for the three months and six
months ended June 30, 2008, respectively, and
$2 million and $6 million related to discontinued
operations for the three months and six months ended
June 30, 2007, respectively. Included in net investment
gains (losses) from real estate and real estate joint ventures
is $0 of gains related to discontinued operations for both the
three months and six months ended June 30, 2008, and $0 and
$5 million of gains related to discontinued operations for
the three months and six months ended June 30, 2007,
respectively. |
|
(5) |
|
Included in investment income from other invested assets are
scheduled periodic settlement payments on derivative instruments
that do not qualify for hedge accounting under SFAS 133, of
($38) million and ($45) million for the three months
and six months ended June 30, 2008, respectively, and
$65 million and $123 million for the three months and
six months ended June 30, 2007, respectively. These amounts
are excluded from investment gains (losses). Additionally,
excluded from investment gains (losses) is $14 million and
$28 million for the three months and six months ended
June 30, 2008, respectively, and $5 million and
$9 million for the three months and six months ended
June 30, 2007, respectively, related to settlement payments
on derivatives used to hedge interest rate and currency risk on
policyholder account balances that do not qualify for hedge
accounting. Such amounts are included within interest credited
to policyholder account balances. |
Fixed
Maturity and Equity Securities Available-for-Sale
Fixed maturity securities consisted principally of publicly
traded and privately placed fixed maturity securities, and
represented 69% and 70% of total cash and invested assets at
June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively.
Based on estimated fair value, public fixed maturity securities
represented $204.1 billion, or 85%, and
$205.4 billion, or 85%, of total fixed maturity securities
at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively.
Based on estimated fair value, private fixed maturity securities
represented $37.1 billion, or 15%, and $36.8 billion,
or 15%, of total fixed maturity securities at June 30, 2008
and December 31, 2007, respectively.
The Company determines the estimated fair value of its publicly
traded fixed maturity, equity, and trading securities as well as
its short-term investments generally through the use of
independent pricing services. Independent pricing services that
value these instruments use quoted market prices in active
markets or market standard valuation methodologies. The market
standard valuation methodologies utilized include: discounted
cash flow methodologies, matrix pricing or similar techniques.
The assumptions and inputs in applying these market standard
valuation methodologies include, but are not limited to,
interest rates, credit standing of the issuer or counterparty,
industry sector of the issuer, coupon rate, call provisions,
sinking fund requirements, maturity, estimated duration, and
management’s assumptions regarding liquidity and estimated
future cash flows. When a price is not available from an
independent pricing service, the Company will value the security
primarily using independent broker quotations.
For privately placed fixed maturity securities, the Company
determines the estimated fair value through independent pricing
services or discounted cash flow techniques. The discounted cash
flow valuations rely upon the estimated future cash flows of the
security, credit spreads of comparable public securities,
secondary transactions, and takes into account, among other
factors, the credit quality of the issuer and the reduced
liquidity associated with privately placed debt securities.
131
The Company has reviewed the significance and observability of
inputs used in the valuation methodologies to determine the
appropriate SFAS 157 fair value hierarchy level for each of
its securities. Based on the results of this review and
investment class analyses, each instrument is categorized as
Level 1, 2, or 3 based on the priority of the inputs to the
respective valuation methodologies. While prices for
U.S. Treasury fixed maturity securities, exchange-traded
common stock, and certain short-term money market securities
have been classified into Level 1, most securities valued
by independent pricing services have been classified into
Level 2 because the significant inputs used in pricing
these securities are market observable or can be corroborated
using market observable information. Most investment grade
privately placed fixed maturity securities have been classified
within Level 2, while below investment grade or distressed
privately placed fixed maturity securities have been classified
within Level 3. Where estimated fair values are determined
by independent broker quotations, these instruments have been
classified as Level 3 due to the general lack of
transparency in the process that independent brokers use to
develop these price quotations.
Senior management, independent of the trading and investing
functions, is responsible for the oversight of control systems
and valuation policies, including reviewing and approving new
transaction types and markets, for ensuring that observable
market prices and market-based parameters are used for valuation
wherever possible and for determining that judgmental valuation
adjustments, if any, are based upon established policies and are
applied consistently over time. Management reviews its valuation
methodologies on an ongoing basis and ensures that any changes
to valuation methodologies are justified. Management employs
control systems and procedures that include confirmation that
independent pricing services use market-based parameters for
valuation wherever possible, comparisons with similar observable
positions, comparisons with actual trade data, and discussions
with senior business leaders familiar with the similar
investments and the markets in which they trade.
The Securities Valuation Office of the NAIC evaluates the fixed
maturity investments of insurers for regulatory reporting
purposes and assigns securities to one of six investment
categories called “NAIC designations.” The NAIC
ratings are similar to the rating agency designations of the
Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations
(“NRSROs”) for marketable bonds. NAIC ratings 1 and 2
include bonds generally considered investment grade (rated
“Baa3” or higher by Moody’s Investors Services
(“Moody’s”), or rated “BBB —
” or higher by Standard & Poor’s
(“S&P”) and Fitch Ratings Insurance Group
(“Fitch”)), by such rating organizations. NAIC ratings
3 through 6 include bonds generally considered below investment
grade (rated “Ba1” or lower by Moody’s, or rated
“BB+” or lower by S&P and Fitch).
The following table presents the Company’s total fixed
maturity securities by NRSRO designation and the equivalent
ratings of the NAIC, as well as the percentage, based on
estimated fair value, that each designation is comprised of at:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, 2008
|
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost or
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost or
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NAIC
|
|
Rating Agency
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
Estimated
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
Estimated
|
|
|
% of
|
|
Rating
|
|
Designation (1)
|
|
Cost
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Cost
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Aaa/Aa/A
|
|
$
|
180,482
|
|
|
$
|
178,248
|
|
|
|
73.9
|
%
|
|
$
|
172,711
|
|
|
$
|
175,651
|
|
|
|
72.5
|
%
|
2
|
|
Baa
|
|
|
47,867
|
|
|
|
47,181
|
|
|
|
19.6
|
|
|
|
48,265
|
|
|
|
48,914
|
|
|
|
20.2
|
|
3
|
|
Ba
|
|
|
9,896
|
|
|
|
9,636
|
|
|
|
4.0
|
|
|
|
10,676
|
|
|
|
10,738
|
|
|
|
4.4
|
|
4
|
|
B
|
|
|
5,804
|
|
|
|
5,474
|
|
|
|
2.3
|
|
|
|
6,632
|
|
|
|
6,481
|
|
|
|
2.7
|
|
5
|
|
Caa and lower
|
|
|
692
|
|
|
|
621
|
|
|
|
0.2
|
|
|
|
476
|
|
|
|
445
|
|
|
|
0.2
|
|
6
|
|
In or near default
|
|
|
25
|
|
|
|
31
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total fixed maturity securities
|
|
$
|
244,766
|
|
|
$
|
241,191
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
$
|
238,761
|
|
|
$
|
242,242
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Amounts presented are based on rating agency designations.
Comparisons between NAIC ratings and rating agency designations
are published by the NAIC. The rating agency designations are
based on availability and the midpoint of the applicable ratings
among Moody’s, S&P and Fitch. If no rating is
available from a rating agency, then the MetLife rating is used. |
132
The Company held fixed maturity securities at estimated fair
values that were below investment grade or not rated by an
independent rating agency that totaled $15.8 billion and
$17.7 billion at June 30, 2008 and December 31,
2007, respectively. These securities had net unrealized losses
of $655 million and $108 million at June 30, 2008
and December 31, 2007, respectively. Non-income producing
fixed maturity securities were $31 million and
$13 million at June 30, 2008 and December 31,
2007, respectively. Net unrealized gains associated with
non-income producing fixed maturity securities were
$6 million and $12 million at June 30, 2008 and
December 31, 2007, respectively.
The following tables present the cost or amortized cost, gross
unrealized gain and loss, and estimated fair value of the
Company’s fixed maturity and equity securities, the
percentage that each sector represents by the respective total
holdings at:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, 2008
|
|
|
|
Cost or
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
Gross Unrealized
|
|
|
Estimated
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
|
Cost
|
|
|
Gain
|
|
|
Loss
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
U.S. corporate securities
|
|
$
|
79,131
|
|
|
$
|
1,126
|
|
|
$
|
4,002
|
|
|
$
|
76,255
|
|
|
|
31.6
|
%
|
Residential mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
55,551
|
|
|
|
487
|
|
|
|
1,530
|
|
|
|
54,508
|
|
|
|
22.6
|
|
Foreign corporate securities
|
|
|
37,516
|
|
|
|
1,444
|
|
|
|
1,343
|
|
|
|
37,617
|
|
|
|
15.6
|
|
U.S. Treasury/agency securities
|
|
|
19,108
|
|
|
|
1,178
|
|
|
|
106
|
|
|
|
20,180
|
|
|
|
8.4
|
|
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
19,234
|
|
|
|
73
|
|
|
|
889
|
|
|
|
18,418
|
|
|
|
7.6
|
|
Foreign government securities
|
|
|
14,075
|
|
|
|
1,693
|
|
|
|
392
|
|
|
|
15,376
|
|
|
|
6.4
|
|
Asset-backed securities
|
|
|
14,185
|
|
|
|
54
|
|
|
|
1,167
|
|
|
|
13,072
|
|
|
|
5.4
|
|
State and political subdivision securities
|
|
|
5,653
|
|
|
|
100
|
|
|
|
272
|
|
|
|
5,481
|
|
|
|
2.3
|
|
Other fixed maturity securities
|
|
|
313
|
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
|
284
|
|
|
|
0.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total fixed maturity securities
|
|
$
|
244,766
|
|
|
$
|
6,160
|
|
|
$
|
9,735
|
|
|
$
|
241,191
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common stock
|
|
$
|
2,576
|
|
|
$
|
369
|
|
|
$
|
194
|
|
|
$
|
2,751
|
|
|
|
50.8
|
%
|
Non-redeemable preferred stock
|
|
|
3,226
|
|
|
|
30
|
|
|
|
587
|
|
|
|
2,669
|
|
|
|
49.2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total equity securities (1)
|
|
$
|
5,802
|
|
|
$
|
399
|
|
|
$
|
781
|
|
|
$
|
5,420
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
Cost or
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
Gross Unrealized
|
|
|
Estimated
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
|
Cost
|
|
|
Gain
|
|
|
Loss
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
U.S. corporate securities
|
|
$
|
77,875
|
|
|
$
|
1,725
|
|
|
$
|
2,174
|
|
|
$
|
77,426
|
|
|
|
32.0
|
%
|
Residential mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
56,267
|
|
|
|
611
|
|
|
|
389
|
|
|
|
56,489
|
|
|
|
23.3
|
|
Foreign corporate securities
|
|
|
37,359
|
|
|
|
1,740
|
|
|
|
794
|
|
|
|
38,305
|
|
|
|
15.8
|
|
U.S. Treasury/agency securities
|
|
|
19,771
|
|
|
|
1,487
|
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
|
21,245
|
|
|
|
8.8
|
|
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
17,676
|
|
|
|
251
|
|
|
|
199
|
|
|
|
17,728
|
|
|
|
7.3
|
|
Foreign government securities
|
|
|
13,535
|
|
|
|
1,924
|
|
|
|
188
|
|
|
|
15,271
|
|
|
|
6.3
|
|
Asset-backed securities
|
|
|
11,549
|
|
|
|
41
|
|
|
|
549
|
|
|
|
11,041
|
|
|
|
4.6
|
|
State and political subdivision securities
|
|
|
4,394
|
|
|
|
140
|
|
|
|
115
|
|
|
|
4,419
|
|
|
|
1.8
|
|
Other fixed maturity securities
|
|
|
335
|
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
|
30
|
|
|
|
318
|
|
|
|
0.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total fixed maturity securities
|
|
$
|
238,761
|
|
|
$
|
7,932
|
|
|
$
|
4,451
|
|
|
$
|
242,242
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common stock
|
|
$
|
2,488
|
|
|
$
|
568
|
|
|
$
|
108
|
|
|
$
|
2,948
|
|
|
|
48.7
|
%
|
Non-redeemable preferred stock
|
|
|
3,403
|
|
|
|
61
|
|
|
|
362
|
|
|
|
3,102
|
|
|
|
51.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total equity securities (1)
|
|
$
|
5,891
|
|
|
$
|
629
|
|
|
$
|
470
|
|
|
$
|
6,050
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
133
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Equity securities primarily consist of investments in common and
preferred stocks and mutual fund interests. Such securities
include private equity securities with an estimated fair value
of $676 million and $599 million at June 30, 2008
and December 31, 2007, respectively. |
The Company is not exposed to any significant concentrations of
credit risk in its equity securities portfolio. The Company is
exposed to concentrations of credit risk related to
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of
U.S. government and agencies. Additionally, at
June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company had
exposure to fixed maturity securities backed by sub-prime
mortgage loans with estimated fair values of $1.8 billion
and $2.2 billion, respectively, and unrealized losses of
$560 million and $219 million, respectively. These
securities are classified within asset-backed securities in the
immediately preceding tables. At June 30, 2008, 33% of the
asset-backed securities backed by sub-prime mortgage loans have
been guaranteed by financial guarantee insurers, of which 11%,
38% and 7% were guaranteed by financial guarantee insurers who
were Aaa, Aa and A rated, respectively.
Overall, at June 30, 2008, $6.5 billion of the
estimated fair value of the Company’s fixed maturity
securities were credit enhanced by financial guarantee insurers
of which $2.8 billion, $2.4 billion, $1.1 billion
and $0.2 billion, are included within state and political
subdivision securities, U.S. corporate securities,
asset-backed securities and mortgage-backed securities,
respectively, and 12%, 29% and 40% were guaranteed by financial
guarantee insurers who were Aaa, Aa and A rated, respectively.
The fair value of fixed maturity securities and equity
securities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and their
corresponding fair value hierarchy, are summarized as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, 2008
|
|
|
|
Fixed Maturity
|
|
|
Equity
|
|
|
|
Securities
|
|
|
Securities
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets
(Level 1)
|
|
$
|
6,050
|
|
|
|
2
|
%
|
|
$
|
2,048
|
|
|
|
38
|
%
|
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2)
|
|
|
211,813
|
|
|
|
88
|
|
|
|
1,303
|
|
|
|
24
|
|
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
|
|
|
23,328
|
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
|
2,069
|
|
|
|
38
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total fair value
|
|
$
|
241,191
|
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
$
|
5,420
|
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
134
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, 2008
|
|
|
|
Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quoted Prices
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
in Active
|
|
|
Significant
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Markets for
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
Significant
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Identical Assets
|
|
|
Observable
|
|
|
Unobservable
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
and Liabilities
|
|
|
Inputs
|
|
|
Inputs
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
(Level 1)
|
|
|
(Level 2)
|
|
|
(Level 3)
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Fixed maturity securities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U.S. corporate securities
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
67,975
|
|
|
$
|
8,280
|
|
|
$
|
76,255
|
|
Residential mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
319
|
|
|
|
52,916
|
|
|
|
1,273
|
|
|
|
54,508
|
|
Foreign corporate securities
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
29,462
|
|
|
|
8,153
|
|
|
|
37,617
|
|
U.S. Treasury/agency securities
|
|
|
5,175
|
|
|
|
14,923
|
|
|
|
82
|
|
|
|
20,180
|
|
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
17,922
|
|
|
|
496
|
|
|
|
18,418
|
|
Foreign government securities
|
|
|
532
|
|
|
|
14,189
|
|
|
|
655
|
|
|
|
15,376
|
|
Asset-backed securities
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
9,110
|
|
|
|
3,962
|
|
|
|
13,072
|
|
State and political subdivision securities
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
|
5,316
|
|
|
|
158
|
|
|
|
5,481
|
|
Other fixed maturity securities
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
269
|
|
|
|
284
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total fixed maturity securities
|
|
$
|
6,050
|
|
|
$
|
211,813
|
|
|
$
|
23,328
|
|
|
$
|
241,191
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity securities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common stock
|
|
$
|
1,915
|
|
|
$
|
648
|
|
|
$
|
188
|
|
|
$
|
2,751
|
|
Non-redeemable preferred stock
|
|
|
133
|
|
|
|
655
|
|
|
|
1,881
|
|
|
|
2,669
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total equity securities
|
|
$
|
2,048
|
|
|
$
|
1,303
|
|
|
$
|
2,069
|
|
|
$
|
5,420
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A rollforward of the fair value measurements for fixed maturity
securities and equity securities measured at fair value on a
recurring basis using significant unobservable
(Level 3) inputs for the three months and six months
ended June 30, 2008 is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
|
June 30, 2008
|
|
|
June 30, 2008
|
|
|
|
Fixed Maturity
|
|
|
Equity
|
|
|
Fixed Maturity
|
|
|
Equity
|
|
|
|
Securities
|
|
|
Securities
|
|
|
Securities
|
|
|
Securities
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Balance, December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
24,854
|
|
|
$
|
2,385
|
|
Impact of SFAS 157 and SFAS 159 adoption
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(8
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance, beginning of period
|
|
$
|
23,811
|
|
|
$
|
2,166
|
|
|
|
24,846
|
|
|
|
2,385
|
|
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Earnings
|
|
|
(35
|
)
|
|
|
(4
|
)
|
|
|
(88
|
)
|
|
|
(40
|
)
|
Other comprehensive income (loss)
|
|
|
(400
|
)
|
|
|
(25
|
)
|
|
|
(1,088
|
)
|
|
|
(200
|
)
|
Purchases, sales, issuances and settlements
|
|
|
88
|
|
|
|
(21
|
)
|
|
|
(666
|
)
|
|
|
(18
|
)
|
Transfer in and/or out of Level 3
|
|
|
(136
|
)
|
|
|
(47
|
)
|
|
|
324
|
|
|
|
(58
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance, end of period
|
|
$
|
23,328
|
|
|
$
|
2,069
|
|
|
$
|
23,328
|
|
|
$
|
2,069
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See “— Summary of Critical Accounting
Estimates — Investments” for further information
on the estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts
reported above.
Fixed Maturity and Equity Security
Impairment. The Company classifies all of its
fixed maturity and equity securities as available-for-sale and
marks them to market through other comprehensive income, except
for non-marketable private equities, which are generally carried
at cost and trading securities which are carried at fair value
with subsequent changes in fair value recognized in net
investment income. All securities with gross unrealized
135
losses at the consolidated balance sheet date are subjected to
the Company’s process for identifying other-than-temporary
impairments. The Company writes down to fair value securities
that it deems to be other-than-temporarily impaired in the
period the securities are deemed to be so impaired. The
assessment of whether such impairment has occurred is based on
management’s
case-by-case
evaluation of the underlying reasons for the decline in fair
value. Management considers a wide range of factors, as
described in “— Summary of Critical Accounting
Estimates — Investments,” about the security
issuer and uses its best judgment in evaluating the cause of the
decline in the estimated fair value of the security and in
assessing the prospects for near-term recovery. Inherent in
management’s evaluation of the security are assumptions and
estimates about the operations of the issuer and its future
earnings potential.
The Company’s review of its fixed maturity and equity
securities for impairments includes an analysis of the total
gross unrealized losses by three categories of securities:
(i) securities where the estimated fair value had declined
and remained below cost or amortized cost by less than 20%;
(ii) securities where the estimated fair value had declined
and remained below cost or amortized cost by 20% or more for
less than six months; and (iii) securities where the
estimated fair value had declined and remained below cost or
amortized cost by 20% or more for six months or greater. While
all of these securities are monitored for potential impairment,
the Company’s experience indicates that the first two
categories do not present as great a risk of impairment, and
often, fair values recover over time as the factors that caused
the declines improve.
The Company records impairments as investment losses and adjusts
the cost basis of the fixed maturity and equity securities
accordingly. The Company does not change the revised cost basis
for subsequent recoveries in value. Impairments of fixed
maturity and equity securities were $196 million and
$336 million for the three months and six months ended
June 30, 2008, respectively, and $21 million and
$24 million for the three months and six months ended
June 30, 2007, respectively. The Company’s three
largest impairments totaled $69 million and
$96 million for the three months and six months ended
June 30, 2008, respectively, and $12 million for both
the three months and six months ended June 30, 2007. The
circumstances that gave rise to these impairments were financial
restructurings, bankruptcy filings or difficult underlying
operating environments for the entities concerned. The
Company’s credit-related impairments of fixed maturity and
trust preferred securities, included in non-redeemable preferred
stock were $139 million and $218 million for the three
months and six months ended June 30, 2008, respectively,
and $21 million and $24 million for the three months
and six months ended June 30, 2007, respectively. The
Company sold or disposed of fixed maturity and equity securities
at a loss that had a fair value of $7.8 billion and
$13.4 billion during the three months and six months ended
June 30, 2008, respectively, and $14.1 billion and
$26.2 billion during the three months and six months ended
June 30, 2007, respectively. Gross losses excluding
impairments for fixed maturity and equity securities were
$316 million and $635 million for the three months and
six months ended June 30, 2008, respectively, and
$321 million and $570 million for the three months and
six months ended June 30, 2007, respectively.
The following tables present the cost or amortized cost, gross
unrealized loss and number of securities for fixed maturity and
equity securities, where the estimated fair value had declined
and remained below cost or amortized cost by less than 20%, or
20% or more at:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, 2008
|
|
|
|
Cost or Amortized Cost
|
|
|
Gross Unrealized Loss
|
|
|
Number of Securities
|
|
|
|
Less than
|
|
|
20% or
|
|
|
Less than
|
|
|
20% or
|
|
|
Less than
|
|
|
20% or
|
|
|
|
20%
|
|
|
more
|
|
|
20%
|
|
|
more
|
|
|
20%
|
|
|
more
|
|
|
|
(In millions, except number of securities)
|
|
|
Less than six months
|
|
$
|
86,859
|
|
|
$
|
10,144
|
|
|
$
|
2,748
|
|
|
$
|
2,666
|
|
|
|
8,067
|
|
|
|
1,498
|
|
Six months or greater but less than nine months
|
|
|
11,896
|
|
|
|
799
|
|
|
|
807
|
|
|
|
296
|
|
|
|
1,260
|
|
|
|
159
|
|
Nine months or greater but less than twelve months
|
|
|
11,286
|
|
|
|
141
|
|
|
|
820
|
|
|
|
66
|
|
|
|
1,188
|
|
|
|
28
|
|
Twelve months or greater
|
|
|
36,106
|
|
|
|
86
|
|
|
|
3,087
|
|
|
|
26
|
|
|
|
2,921
|
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
146,147
|
|
|
$
|
11,170
|
|
|
$
|
7,462
|
|
|
$
|
3,054
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
136
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
Cost or Amortized Cost
|
|
|
Gross Unrealized Loss
|
|
|
Number of Securities
|
|
|
|
Less than
|
|
|
20% or
|
|
|
Less than
|
|
|
20% or
|
|
|
Less than
|
|
|
20% or
|
|
|
|
20%
|
|
|
more
|
|
|
20%
|
|
|
more
|
|
|
20%
|
|
|
more
|
|
|
|
(In millions, except number of securities)
|
|
|
Less than six months
|
|
$
|
49,463
|
|
|
$
|
1,943
|
|
|
$
|
1,670
|
|
|
$
|
555
|
|
|
|
6,339
|
|
|
|
644
|
|
Six months or greater but less than nine months
|
|
|
17,353
|
|
|
|
23
|
|
|
|
844
|
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
|
1,461
|
|
|
|
31
|
|
Nine months or greater but less than twelve months
|
|
|
9,410
|
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
|
568
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
791
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
Twelve months or greater
|
|
|
31,731
|
|
|
|
50
|
|
|
|
1,262
|
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
|
3,192
|
|
|
|
32
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
107,957
|
|
|
$
|
2,023
|
|
|
$
|
4,344
|
|
|
$
|
577
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007,
$7.3 billion and $4.0 billion, respectively, of
unrealized losses related to fixed maturity securities with an
unrealized loss position of less than 20% of cost or amortized
cost, which represented 5% and 4%, respectively, of the cost or
amortized cost of such securities. At June 30, 2008 and
December 31, 2007, $182 million and $322 million,
respectively, of unrealized losses related to equity securities
with an unrealized loss position of less than 20% of cost, which
represented 9% and 10%, respectively, of the cost of such
securities.
At June 30, 2008, $2.5 billion and $599 million
of unrealized losses related to fixed maturity securities and
equity securities, respectively, with an unrealized loss
position of 20% or more of cost or amortized cost, which
represented 27% and 28% of the cost or amortized cost of such
fixed maturity securities and equity securities, respectively.
Of such unrealized losses of $2.5 billion and
$599 million, $2.1 billion and $589 million
related to fixed maturity securities and equity securities,
respectively, that were in an unrealized loss position for a
period of less than six months. At December 31, 2007,
$429 million and $148 million of unrealized losses
related to fixed maturity securities and equity securities,
respectively, with an unrealized loss position of 20% or more of
cost or amortized cost, which represented 28% and 31% of the
cost or amortized cost of such fixed maturity securities and
equity securities, respectively. Of such unrealized losses of
$429 million and $148 million, $407 million and
$148 million related to fixed maturity securities and
equity securities, respectively, that were in an unrealized loss
position for a period of less than six months.
The Company held 115 fixed maturity securities and 16 equity
securities, each with a gross unrealized loss at June 30,
2008 of greater than $10 million. These 115 fixed maturity
securities represented 19%, or $1.8 billion in the
aggregate, of the gross unrealized loss on fixed maturity
securities. These 16 equity securities represented 33%, or
$260 million in the aggregate, of the gross unrealized loss
on equity securities. The Company held 23 fixed maturity
securities and 7 equity securities, each with a gross unrealized
loss at December 31, 2007 of greater than $10 million.
These 23 fixed maturity securities represented 8%, or
$358 million in the aggregate, of the gross unrealized loss
on fixed maturity securities. These 7 equity securities
represented 21%, or $101 million in the aggregate, of the
gross unrealized loss on equity securities.
In the Company’s impairment review process, the duration
of, and severity of, an unrealized loss position, such as
unrealized losses of 20% or more for equity securities, which
was $599 million at June 30, 2008 and
$148 million at December 31, 2007, is given greater
weight and consideration, than for fixed maturity securities. An
extended and severe unrealized loss position on a fixed maturity
security may not have any impact on the ability of the issuer to
service all scheduled interest and principal payments and the
Company’s evaluation of recoverability of all contractual
cash flows, as well as the Company’s ability and intent to
be hold the security, including holding the security until the
earlier of a recovery in value, or until maturity. Whereas for
an equity security, greater weight and consideration is given by
the Company to a decline in market value and the likelihood such
market value decline will recover.
137
At June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company
had $10.5 billion and $4.9 billion, respectively, of
gross unrealized losses related to its fixed maturity and equity
securities. These securities are concentrated, calculated as a
percentage of gross unrealized loss, as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
Sector:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U.S. corporate securities
|
|
|
38
|
%
|
|
|
44
|
%
|
Foreign corporate securities
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
|
16
|
|
Asset-backed securities
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
|
11
|
|
Residential mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
Foreign government securities
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
Other
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Industry:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Finance
|
|
|
30
|
%
|
|
|
34
|
%
|
Industrial
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
18
|
|
Mortgage-backed
|
|
|
23
|
|
|
|
12
|
|
Asset-backed
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
|
11
|
|
Utility
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
Government
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
Consumer
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
Communication
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
Other
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As described previously, the Company performs a regular
evaluation, on a
security-by-security
basis, of its investment holdings in accordance with its
impairment policy in order to evaluate whether such securities
are other-than-temporarily impaired. One of the criteria which
the Company considers in its other-than-temporary impairment
analysis is its intent and ability to hold securities for a
period of time sufficient to allow for the recovery of their
value to an amount equal to or greater than cost or amortized
cost. The Company’s intent and ability to hold securities
considers broad portfolio management objectives such as
asset/liability duration management, issuer and industry segment
exposures, interest rate views and the overall total return
focus. In following these portfolio management objectives,
changes in facts and circumstances that were present in past
reporting periods may trigger a decision to sell securities that
were held in prior reporting periods. Decisions to sell are
based on current conditions or the Company’s need to shift
the portfolio to maintain its portfolio management objectives
including liquidity needs or duration targets on asset/liability
managed portfolios. The Company attempts to anticipate these
types of changes and if a sale decision has been made on an
impaired security and that security is not expected to recover
prior to the expected time of sale, the security will be deemed
other-than-temporarily impaired in the period that the sale
decision was made and an other-than-temporary impairment loss
will be recognized.
Based upon the Company’s current evaluation of the
securities in accordance with its impairment policy, the cause
of the decline being attributable to a rise in market yields
caused principally by a current widening of credit spreads which
resulted from a lack of market liquidity and a short-term market
dislocation versus a long-term deterioration in credit quality,
and the Company’s current intent and ability to hold the
fixed maturity and equity securities with unrealized losses for
a period of time sufficient for them to recover, the Company has
concluded that the aforementioned securities are not
other-than-temporarily impaired.
138
Corporate Fixed Maturity Securities. The table
below shows the major industry types that comprise the corporate
fixed maturity holdings at:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, 2008
|
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
Estimated
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
Estimated
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Industrial
|
|
$
|
37,858
|
|
|
|
33.3
|
%
|
|
$
|
40,399
|
|
|
|
34.9
|
%
|
Foreign (1)
|
|
|
37,617
|
|
|
|
33.0
|
|
|
|
38,305
|
|
|
|
33.1
|
|
Finance
|
|
|
20,637
|
|
|
|
18.1
|
|
|
|
22,013
|
|
|
|
19.0
|
|
Utility
|
|
|
14,277
|
|
|
|
12.5
|
|
|
|
13,780
|
|
|
|
11.9
|
|
Other
|
|
|
3,483
|
|
|
|
3.1
|
|
|
|
1,234
|
|
|
|
1.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
113,872
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
$
|
115,731
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Includes U.S. dollar-denominated debt obligations of foreign
obligors, and other fixed maturity foreign investments. |
The Company maintains a diversified corporate fixed maturity
portfolio across industries and issuers. The portfolio does not
have exposure to any single issuer in excess of 1% of the total
invested assets of the portfolio. At June 30, 2008 and
December 31, 2007, the Company’s combined holdings in
the ten issuers to which it had the greatest exposure totaled
$9.5 billion and $7.8 billion, respectively, each less
than 3% of the Company’s total invested assets at such
dates. The exposure to the largest single issuer of corporate
fixed maturity securities held at June 30, 2008 and
December 31, 2007 was $1.7 billion and
$1.2 billion, respectively.
The Company has hedged all of its material exposure to foreign
currency risk in its corporate fixed maturity portfolio. In the
Company’s international insurance operations, both its
assets and liabilities are generally denominated in local
currencies.
Structured Securities. The following table
shows the types of structured securities the Company held at:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, 2008
|
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
Estimated
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
Estimated
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Residential mortgage-backed securities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Collateralized mortgage obligations
|
|
$
|
33,914
|
|
|
|
39.5
|
%
|
|
$
|
37,372
|
|
|
|
43.8
|
%
|
Pass-through securities
|
|
|
20,594
|
|
|
|
23.9
|
|
|
|
19,117
|
|
|
|
22.4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total residential mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
54,508
|
|
|
|
63.4
|
|
|
|
56,489
|
|
|
|
66.2
|
|
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
18,418
|
|
|
|
21.4
|
|
|
|
17,728
|
|
|
|
20.8
|
|
Asset-backed securities
|
|
|
13,072
|
|
|
|
15.2
|
|
|
|
11,041
|
|
|
|
13.0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
85,998
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
$
|
85,258
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The majority of the residential mortgage-backed securities are
guaranteed or otherwise supported by the Federal National
Mortgage Association, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
or the Government National Mortgage Association. Alternative
residential mortgage loans (“Alt-A”) are a
classification of mortgage loans where the risk profile of the
borrower falls between prime and sub-prime. At June 30,
2008 and December 31, 2007, $54.1 billion and
$56.2 billion, respectively, or 99% for both, of the
residential mortgage-backed securities were rated Aaa/AAA by
Moody’s, S&P or Fitch. At June 30, 2008 and
December 31, 2007, the Company’s Alt-A residential
mortgage-backed securities exposure was $4.8 billion and
$6.4 billion, respectively, with an unrealized loss of
$738 million and $143 million, respectively.
At June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007,
$16.4 billion and $15.5 billion, respectively, or 89%
and 87%, respectively, of the commercial mortgage-backed
securities were rated Aaa/AAA by Moody’s, S&P or Fitch.
139
The Company’s asset-backed securities are diversified both
by sector and by issuer. At June 30, 2008, the largest
exposures in the Company’s asset-backed securities
portfolio were credit card receivables and automobile
receivables of 47% and 12% of the total holdings, respectively.
At June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007,
$8.6 billion and $6.0 billion, respectively, or 66%
and 54%, respectively, of total asset-backed securities were
rated Aaa/AAA by Moody’s, S&P or Fitch.
The Company’s asset-backed securities included in the
structured securities table above include exposure to
residential mortgage-backed securities backed by
sub-prime
mortgage loans.
Sub-prime
mortgage lending is the origination of residential mortgage
loans to customers with weak credit profiles. The Company’s
exposure exists through investment in asset-backed securities
which are supported by
sub-prime
mortgage loans. The slowing U.S. housing market, greater
use of affordable mortgage products, and relaxed underwriting
standards for some originators of below-prime loans have
recently led to higher delinquency and loss rates, especially
within the 2006 vintage year. Vintage year refers to the year of
origination and not to the year of purchase. These factors have
caused a pull-back in market liquidity and repricing of risk,
which has led to an increase in unrealized losses from
June 30, 2007 to June 30, 2008. Based upon the
analysis of the Company’s exposure to
sub-prime
mortgage loans through its investment in asset-backed
securities, the Company expects to receive payments in
accordance with the contractual terms of the securities.
The following table shows the Company’s exposure to
asset-backed securities supported by
sub-prime
mortgage loans by credit quality and by vintage year:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, 2008
|
|
|
|
Aaa
|
|
|
Aa
|
|
|
A
|
|
|
Baa
|
|
|
Below Investment Grade
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
Cost or
|
|
|
Fair
|
|
|
Cost or
|
|
|
Fair
|
|
|
Cost or
|
|
|
Fair
|
|
|
Cost or
|
|
|
Fair
|
|
|
Cost or
|
|
|
Fair
|
|
|
Cost or
|
|
|
Fair
|
|
|
|
Amortized Cost
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Amortized Cost
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Amortized Cost
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Amortized Cost
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Amortized Cost
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Amortized Cost
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
2003 & Prior
|
|
$
|
117
|
|
|
$
|
101
|
|
|
$
|
196
|
|
|
$
|
164
|
|
|
$
|
23
|
|
|
$
|
19
|
|
|
$
|
17
|
|
|
$
|
13
|
|
|
$
|
4
|
|
|
$
|
3
|
|
|
$
|
357
|
|
|
$
|
300
|
|
2004
|
|
|
223
|
|
|
|
121
|
|
|
|
423
|
|
|
|
314
|
|
|
|
21
|
|
|
|
17
|
|
|
|
38
|
|
|
|
28
|
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
|
718
|
|
|
|
491
|
|
2005
|
|
|
471
|
|
|
|
394
|
|
|
|
336
|
|
|
|
263
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
|
12
|
|
|
|
836
|
|
|
|
682
|
|
2006
|
|
|
186
|
|
|
|
157
|
|
|
|
98
|
|
|
|
61
|
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
308
|
|
|
|
232
|
|
2007
|
|
|
119
|
|
|
|
95
|
|
|
|
37
|
|
|
|
18
|
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
|
175
|
|
|
|
129
|
|
2008
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
1,116
|
|
|
$
|
868
|
|
|
$
|
1,090
|
|
|
$
|
820
|
|
|
$
|
68
|
|
|
$
|
56
|
|
|
$
|
65
|
|
|
$
|
51
|
|
|
$
|
55
|
|
|
$
|
39
|
|
|
$
|
2,394
|
|
|
$
|
1,834
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
Aaa
|
|
|
Aa
|
|
|
A
|
|
|
Baa
|
|
|
Below Investment Grade
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
Cost or
|
|
|
Fair
|
|
|
Cost or
|
|
|
Fair
|
|
|
Cost or
|
|
|
Fair
|
|
|
Cost or
|
|
|
Fair
|
|
|
Cost or
|
|
|
Fair
|
|
|
Cost or
|
|
|
Fair
|
|
|
|
Amortized Cost
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Amortized Cost
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Amortized Cost
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Amortized Cost
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Amortized Cost
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Amortized Cost
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
2003 & Prior
|
|
$
|
234
|
|
|
$
|
223
|
|
|
$
|
132
|
|
|
$
|
125
|
|
|
$
|
19
|
|
|
$
|
17
|
|
|
$
|
14
|
|
|
$
|
13
|
|
|
$
|
4
|
|
|
$
|
2
|
|
|
$
|
403
|
|
|
$
|
380
|
|
2004
|
|
|
212
|
|
|
|
195
|
|
|
|
446
|
|
|
|
414
|
|
|
|
27
|
|
|
|
24
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
686
|
|
|
|
633
|
|
2005
|
|
|
551
|
|
|
|
502
|
|
|
|
278
|
|
|
|
252
|
|
|
|
22
|
|
|
|
18
|
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
856
|
|
|
|
776
|
|
2006
|
|
|
258
|
|
|
|
235
|
|
|
|
69
|
|
|
|
47
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
327
|
|
|
|
282
|
|
2007
|
|
|
152
|
|
|
|
142
|
|
|
|
17
|
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
169
|
|
|
|
151
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
1,407
|
|
|
$
|
1,297
|
|
|
$
|
942
|
|
|
$
|
847
|
|
|
$
|
68
|
|
|
$
|
59
|
|
|
$
|
19
|
|
|
$
|
17
|
|
|
$
|
5
|
|
|
$
|
2
|
|
|
$
|
2,441
|
|
|
$
|
2,222
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company
had $1.8 billion and $2.2 billion, respectively, of
asset-backed securities supported by
sub-prime
mortgage loans as outlined in the tables above. At June 30,
2008, approximately 92% of the portfolio is rated Aa or better
of which 80% was in vintage year 2005 and prior. At
December 31, 2007, approximately 96% of the portfolio was
rated Aa or better of which 80% was in vintage year 2005 and
prior. These older vintages benefit from better underwriting,
improved enhancement levels and higher residential property
price appreciation. At June 30, 2008, all of the
$1.8 billion of asset-backed securities supported by
sub-prime
mortgage loans were classified as Level 3 securities.
Asset-backed securities also include collateralized debt
obligations backed by
sub-prime
mortgage loans at an aggregate cost of $34 million with a
fair value of $22 million at June 30, 2008 and an
aggregate cost of $64 million with a fair value of
$48 million at December 31, 2007, which are not
included in the tables above.
140
Assets
on Deposit and Held in Trust and Assets Pledged as
Collateral
The Company had investment assets on deposit with regulatory
agencies with a fair market value of $2.4 billion and
$1.8 billion at June 30, 2008 and December 31,
2007, respectively, consisting primarily of fixed maturity and
equity securities. Company securities held in trust to satisfy
collateral requirements had a cost or amortized cost of
$9.2 billion and $7.1 billion at June 30, 2008
and December 31, 2007, respectively, consisting primarily
of fixed maturity and equity securities.
Certain of the Company’s fixed maturity securities are
pledged as collateral for various transactions as described in
“— Composition of Investment Portfolio
Results — Derivative Financial Instruments —
Credit Risk.”
Trading
Securities
The Company has a trading securities portfolio to support
investment strategies that involve the active and frequent
purchase and sale of securities, the execution of short sale
agreements and asset and liability matching strategies for
certain insurance products. Trading securities and short sale
agreement liabilities are recorded at fair value with subsequent
changes in fair value recognized in net investment income
related to fixed maturity securities.
At June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, trading
securities were $883 million and $779 million,
respectively, and liabilities associated with the short sale
agreements in the trading securities portfolio, which were
included in other liabilities, were $47 million and
$107 million, respectively. The Company had pledged
$300 million and $407 million of its assets, primarily
consisting of trading securities, as collateral to secure the
liabilities associated with the short sale agreements in the
trading securities portfolio at June 30, 2008 and
December 31, 2007, respectively.
The fair value of trading securities measured at fair value on a
recurring basis and their corresponding fair value hierarchy,
are summarized as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, 2008
|
|
|
|
Trading
|
|
|
Trading
|
|
|
|
Securities
|
|
|
Liabilities
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and
liabilities (Level 1)
|
|
$
|
268
|
|
|
|
30
|
%
|
|
$
|
47
|
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2)
|
|
|
303
|
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
|
|
|
312
|
|
|
|
36
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total fair value
|
|
$
|
883
|
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
$
|
47
|
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A rollforward of the fair value measurements for trading
securities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using
significant unobservable (Level 3) inputs for the
three months and six months ended June 30, 2008 is as
follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
|
June 30, 2008
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Balance, December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
183
|
|
Impact of SFAS 157 and SFAS 159 adoption
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance, beginning of period
|
|
$
|
179
|
|
|
|
191
|
|
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Earnings
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
(2
|
)
|
Other comprehensive income (loss)
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
Purchases, sales, issuances and settlements
|
|
|
129
|
|
|
|
131
|
|
Transfer in and/or out of Level 3
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(9
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance, end of period
|
|
$
|
312
|
|
|
$
|
312
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
141
Interest and dividends earned on trading securities in addition
to the net realized and unrealized gains (losses) recognized on
the trading securities and the related short sale agreement
liabilities included within net investment income totaled
$9 million and ($42) million for the three months and
six months ended June 30, 2008, respectively, and
$16 million and $31 million for the three months and
six months ended June 30, 2007, respectively. Included
within unrealized gains (losses) on such trading securities and
short sale agreement liabilities are changes in fair value of
($4) million and ($47) million for the three months
and six months ended June 30, 2008, respectively, and
$4 million and $15 million for the three months and
six months ended June 30, 2007, respectively.
See “— Summary of Critical Accounting
Estimates — Investments” for further information
on the estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts
reported above.
Mortgage
and Consumer Loans
The Company’s mortgage and consumer loans are principally
collateralized by commercial, agricultural and residential
properties, as well as automobiles. Mortgage and consumer loans
comprised 14.0% and 13.6% of the Company’s total cash and
invested assets at June 30, 2008 and December 31,
2007, respectively. The carrying value of mortgage and consumer
loans is stated at original cost net of repayments, amortization
of premiums, accretion of discounts and valuation allowances.
The following table shows the carrying value of the
Company’s mortgage and consumer loans by type at:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, 2008
|
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
Carrying
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
Carrying
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Commercial mortgage loans
|
|
$
|
36,113
|
|
|
|
73.7
|
%
|
|
$
|
35,501
|
|
|
|
75.5
|
%
|
Agricultural mortgage loans
|
|
|
11,620
|
|
|
|
23.7
|
|
|
|
10,484
|
|
|
|
22.3
|
|
Consumer loans
|
|
|
1,266
|
|
|
|
2.6
|
|
|
|
1,045
|
|
|
|
2.2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
48,999
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
$
|
47,030
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007,
$179 million and $5 million, or less than 1%, of the
Company’s mortgage and consumer loans were
held-for-sale,
an increase of $174 million, which included a
$71 million increase in residential mortgages held-for-sale
to $76 million from $5 million. Mortgage and consumer
loans
held-for-sale
are carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value. At
June 30, 2008, the Company held $159 million in
mortgage loans which are carried at fair value based on the
value of the underlying collateral or broker quotes, if lower,
of which $55 million relate to impaired mortgage loans and
$104 million to mortgage loans
held-for-sale.
These impaired mortgage loans were recorded at fair value and
represent a nonrecurring fair value measurement. The fair value
is categorized as Level 3. Included within net investment
gains (losses) for such impaired mortgage loans are net
impairments of $13 million and $42 million for the
three months and six months ended June 30, 2008,
respectively.
142
Commercial Mortgage Loans. The Company
diversifies its commercial mortgage loans by both geographic
region and property type. The following table presents the
distribution across geographic regions and property types for
commercial mortgage loans at:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, 2008
|
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
Carrying
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
Carrying
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Region
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pacific
|
|
$
|
8,834
|
|
|
|
24.5
|
%
|
|
$
|
8,620
|
|
|
|
24.3
|
%
|
South Atlantic
|
|
|
8,163
|
|
|
|
22.6
|
|
|
|
8,021
|
|
|
|
22.6
|
|
Middle Atlantic
|
|
|
5,353
|
|
|
|
14.8
|
|
|
|
5,110
|
|
|
|
14.4
|
|
International
|
|
|
3,903
|
|
|
|
10.8
|
|
|
|
3,642
|
|
|
|
10.3
|
|
East North Central
|
|
|
2,663
|
|
|
|
7.4
|
|
|
|
2,957
|
|
|
|
8.3
|
|
West South Central
|
|
|
2,890
|
|
|
|
8.0
|
|
|
|
2,925
|
|
|
|
8.2
|
|
New England
|
|
|
1,549
|
|
|
|
4.3
|
|
|
|
1,499
|
|
|
|
4.2
|
|
Mountain
|
|
|
1,160
|
|
|
|
3.2
|
|
|
|
1,086
|
|
|
|
3.1
|
|
West North Central
|
|
|
849
|
|
|
|
2.3
|
|
|
|
1,046
|
|
|
|
2.9
|
|
East South Central
|
|
|
492
|
|
|
|
1.4
|
|
|
|
503
|
|
|
|
1.4
|
|
Other
|
|
|
257
|
|
|
|
0.7
|
|
|
|
92
|
|
|
|
0.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
36,113
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
$
|
35,501
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Property Type
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Office
|
|
$
|
15,302
|
|
|
|
42.4
|
%
|
|
$
|
15,471
|
|
|
|
43.6
|
%
|
Retail
|
|
|
8,438
|
|
|
|
23.3
|
|
|
|
7,557
|
|
|
|
21.3
|
|
Apartments
|
|
|
4,111
|
|
|
|
11.4
|
|
|
|
4,437
|
|
|
|
12.5
|
|
Hotel
|
|
|
3,198
|
|
|
|
8.9
|
|
|
|
3,282
|
|
|
|
9.2
|
|
Industrial
|
|
|
3,140
|
|
|
|
8.7
|
|
|
|
2,880
|
|
|
|
8.1
|
|
Other
|
|
|
1,924
|
|
|
|
5.3
|
|
|
|
1,874
|
|
|
|
5.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
36,113
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
$
|
35,501
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Restructured, Potentially Delinquent, Delinquent or Under
Foreclosure. The Company monitors its mortgage
loan investments on an ongoing basis, including reviewing loans
that are restructured, potentially delinquent, delinquent or
under foreclosure. These loan classifications are consistent
with those used in industry practice.
The Company defines restructured mortgage loans as loans in
which the Company, for economic or legal reasons related to the
debtor’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the
debtor that it would not otherwise consider. The Company defines
potentially delinquent loans as loans that, in management’s
opinion, have a high probability of becoming delinquent. The
Company defines delinquent mortgage loans, consistent with
industry practice, as loans in which two or more interest or
principal payments are past due. The Company defines mortgage
loans under foreclosure as loans in which foreclosure
proceedings have formally commenced.
The Company reviews all mortgage loans on an ongoing basis.
These reviews may include an analysis of the property financial
statements and rent roll, lease rollover analysis, property
inspections, market analysis and tenant creditworthiness.
The Company records valuation allowances for certain of the
loans that it deems impaired. The Company’s valuation
allowances are established both on a loan specific basis for
those loans where a property or market specific risk has been
identified that could likely result in a future default, as well
as for pools of loans with similar high risk characteristics
where a property specific or market risk has not been
identified. Loan specific valuation allowances are established
for the excess carrying value of the mortgage loan over the
present value of expected future cash
143
flows discounted at the loan’s original effective interest
rate, the value of the loan’s collateral, or the
loan’s market value if the loan is being sold. Valuation
allowances for pools of loans are established based on property
types and loan to value risk factors. The Company records
valuation allowances as investment losses. The Company records
subsequent adjustments to allowances as investment gains
(losses).
The following table presents the amortized cost and valuation
allowance for commercial mortgage loans distributed by loan
classification at:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, 2008
|
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
Valuation
|
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
Valuation
|
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
|
Cost (1)
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Allowance
|
|
|
Cost
|
|
|
Cost (1)
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Allowance
|
|
|
Cost
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Performing
|
|
$
|
36,280
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
$
|
172
|
|
|
|
0.5
|
%
|
|
$
|
35,665
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
$
|
168
|
|
|
|
0.5
|
%
|
Restructured
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
%
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
%
|
Potentially delinquent
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
%
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
%
|
Delinquent or under foreclosure
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
%
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
36,285
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
$
|
172
|
|
|
|
0.5
|
%
|
|
$
|
35,669
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
$
|
168
|
|
|
|
0.5
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Amortized cost is equal to carrying value before valuation
allowances. |
The following table presents the changes in valuation allowances
for commercial mortgage loans held-for-investment for the:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
|
June 30, 2008
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Balance, beginning of period
|
|
$
|
168
|
|
Additions
|
|
|
57
|
|
Deductions
|
|
|
(53
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance, end of period
|
|
$
|
172
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agricultural Mortgage Loans. The Company
diversifies its agricultural mortgage loans by both geographic
region and product type.
Of the $11.7 billion of agricultural mortgage loans
outstanding at June 30, 2008, 55%, were subject to rate
resets prior to maturity. A substantial portion of these loans
has been successfully renegotiated and remain outstanding to
maturity. The process and policies for monitoring the
agricultural mortgage loans and classifying them by performance
status are generally the same as those for the commercial loans.
The following table presents the amortized cost and valuation
allowances for agricultural mortgage loans distributed by loan
classification at:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, 2008
|
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
Valuation
|
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
Valuation
|
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
|
Cost (1)
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Allowance
|
|
|
Cost
|
|
|
Cost (1)
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Allowance
|
|
|
Cost
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Performing
|
|
$
|
11,570
|
|
|
|
99.3
|
%
|
|
$
|
15
|
|
|
|
0.1
|
%
|
|
$
|
10,440
|
|
|
|
99.4
|
%
|
|
$
|
12
|
|
|
|
0.1
|
%
|
Restructured
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
%
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
%
|
Potentially delinquent
|
|
|
44
|
|
|
|
0.4
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
9.1
|
%
|
|
|
47
|
|
|
|
0.4
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
8.5
|
%
|
Delinquent or under foreclosure
|
|
|
38
|
|
|
|
0.3
|
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
|
39.5
|
%
|
|
|
19
|
|
|
|
0.2
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
42.1
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
11,654
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
$
|
34
|
|
|
|
0.3
|
%
|
|
$
|
10,508
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
$
|
24
|
|
|
|
0.2
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Amortized cost is equal to carrying value before valuation
allowances. |
144
The following table presents the changes in valuation allowances
for agricultural mortgage loans for the:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
|
June 30, 2008
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Balance, beginning of period
|
|
$
|
24
|
|
Additions
|
|
|
15
|
|
Deductions
|
|
|
(5
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance, end of period
|
|
$
|
34
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Consumer Loans. Consumer loans consist of
residential mortgages and auto loans.
The following table presents the amortized cost and valuation
allowances for consumer loans distributed by loan classification
at:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, 2008
|
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
Valuation
|
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
Valuation
|
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
|
Cost (1)
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Allowance
|
|
|
Cost
|
|
|
Cost (1)
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Allowance
|
|
|
Cost
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Performing
|
|
$
|
1,232
|
|
|
|
96.7
|
%
|
|
$
|
7
|
|
|
|
0.6
|
%
|
|
$
|
1,006
|
|
|
|
95.7
|
%
|
|
$
|
5
|
|
|
|
0.5
|
%
|
Restructured
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
%
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
%
|
Potentially delinquent
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
|
1.2
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
%
|
|
|
19
|
|
|
|
1.8
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
%
|
Delinquent or under foreclosure
|
|
|
27
|
|
|
|
2.1
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
3.7
|
%
|
|
|
26
|
|
|
|
2.5
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
4.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
1,274
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
$
|
8
|
|
|
|
0.6
|
%
|
|
$
|
1,051
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
$
|
6
|
|
|
|
0.6
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Amortized cost is equal to carrying value before valuation
allowances. |
The following table presents the changes in valuation allowances
for consumer loans for the:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
|
June 30, 2008
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Balance, beginning of period
|
|
$
|
6
|
|
Additions
|
|
|
2
|
|
Deductions
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance, end of period
|
|
$
|
8
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Real
Estate Holdings
The Company’s real estate holdings consist of commercial
properties located primarily in the United States. At
June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the carrying
value of the Company’s real estate, real estate joint
ventures and real estate
held-for-sale
was $7.3 billion and $6.8 billion, respectively, or
2.1% and 2.0%, respectively, of total cash and invested assets.
The carrying value of real estate is stated at depreciated cost
net of impairments and valuation allowances. The carrying value
of real estate joint ventures is stated at the Company’s
equity in the real estate joint ventures net of impairments and
valuation allowances.
145
The following table presents the carrying value of the
Company’s real estate holdings at:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, 2008
|
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
Carrying
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
Carrying
|
|
|
% of
|
|
Type
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Real estate
|
|
$
|
3,983
|
|
|
|
54.4
|
%
|
|
$
|
3,961
|
|
|
|
58.5
|
%
|
Real estate joint ventures
|
|
|
3,308
|
|
|
|
45.1
|
|
|
|
2,771
|
|
|
|
41.0
|
|
Foreclosed real estate
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,294
|
|
|
|
99.5
|
|
|
|
6,735
|
|
|
|
99.5
|
|
Real estate
held-for-sale
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
|
0.5
|
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
|
0.5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total real estate holdings
|
|
$
|
7,328
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
$
|
6,769
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Company’s carrying value of real estate
held-for-sale
of $34 million at both June 30, 2008 and
December 31, 2007 have been reduced by impairments of
$1 million at both June 30, 2008 and December 31,
2007.
The Company records real estate acquired upon foreclosure of
commercial and agricultural mortgage loans at the lower of
estimated fair value or the carrying value of the mortgage loan
at the date of foreclosure.
Certain of the Company’s investments in real estate joint
ventures meet the definition of a VIE under FIN 46(r). See
“— Variable Interest Entities.”
Other
Limited Partnership Interests
The carrying value of other limited partnership interests (which
primarily represent ownership interests in pooled investment
funds that principally make private equity investments in
companies in the United States and overseas) was
$6.7 billion and $6.2 billion at June 30, 2008
and December 31, 2007, respectively. Included within other
limited partnership interests at June 30, 2008 and
December 31, 2007 are $1.7 billion and
$1.6 billion, respectively, of hedge funds. The Company
uses the equity method of accounting for investments in limited
partnership interests in which it has more than a minor
interest, has influence over the partnership’s operating
and financial policies, but does not have a controlling interest
and is not the primary beneficiary. The Company uses the cost
method for minor interest investments and when it has virtually
no influence over the partnership’s operating and financial
policies. For equity method limited partnership interests, the
Company reports the equity in earnings based on the availability
of financial statements and other periodic financial information
that are substantially the same as financial statements. The
Company’s investments in other limited partnership
interests represented 1.9% and 1.8% of cash and invested assets
at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively.
Management anticipates that investment income and the related
yields on other limited partnership interests will decline
further during 2008 due to increased volatility in the equity
and credit markets.
Some of the Company’s investments in other limited
partnership interests meet the definition of a VIE under
FIN 46(r). See “— Variable Interest
Entities.”
At June 30, 2008, the Company held $4 million in cost
basis other limited partnership interests which were impaired
based on the underlying limited partnership financial
statements. These other limited partnership interests were
recorded at fair value and represent a nonrecurring fair value
measurement. The fair value is categorized as Level 3.
Included within net investment gains (losses) for such other
limited partnerships are impairments of $12 million and
$16 million for the three and six months ended
June 30, 2008, respectively.
146
Other
Invested Assets
The following table presents the carrying value of the
Company’s other invested assets at:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, 2008
|
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
Carrying
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
Carrying
|
|
|
% of
|
|
Type
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
(In billions)
|
|
|
Funds withheld at interest (1)
|
|
$
|
4.6
|
|
|
|
34.6
|
%
|
|
$
|
4.5
|
|
|
|
35.7
|
%
|
Derivatives
|
|
|
4.4
|
|
|
|
33.1
|
|
|
|
4.0
|
|
|
|
31.7
|
|
Leveraged leases, net of non-recourse debt (2)
|
|
|
2.3
|
|
|
|
17.3
|
|
|
|
2.2
|
|
|
|
17.5
|
|
Other
|
|
|
2.0
|
|
|
|
15.0
|
|
|
|
1.9
|
|
|
|
15.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total (3)
|
|
$
|
13.3
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
$
|
12.6
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Funds withheld represent amounts contractually withheld by
ceding companies in accordance with reinsurance agreements. For
agreements written on a modified coinsurance basis and certain
agreements written on a coinsurance basis, assets supporting the
reinsured policies equal to the net statutory reserves are
withheld and continue to be legally owned by the ceding company.
Interest accrues on these funds withheld at rates defined by the
treaty terms and may be contractually specified or directly
related to the investment portfolio. |
|
(2) |
|
The Company participates in lease transactions, which are
diversified by industry, asset type and geographic area. The
Company regularly reviews residual values and writes down
residuals to expected values as needed. |
|
(3) |
|
Total other invested assets represents 3.8% and 3.7% of cash and
invested assets at June 30, 2008 and December 31,
2007, respectively. |
Derivative
Financial Instruments
Derivatives. The Company uses a variety of
derivatives, including swaps, forwards, futures and option
contracts, to manage its various risks. Additionally, the
Company uses derivatives to synthetically create investments as
permitted by its insurance subsidiaries’ Derivatives Use
Plans approved by the applicable state insurance departments.
The following table presents the notional amount and current
market or fair value of derivative financial instruments,
excluding embedded derivatives, held at:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, 2008
|
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current Market
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current Market
|
|
|
|
Notional
|
|
|
or Fair Value
|
|
|
Notional
|
|
|
or Fair Value
|
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Assets
|
|
|
Liabilities
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Assets
|
|
|
Liabilities
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Interest rate swaps
|
|
$
|
36,542
|
|
|
$
|
899
|
|
|
$
|
591
|
|
|
$
|
62,519
|
|
|
$
|
785
|
|
|
$
|
768
|
|
Interest rate floors
|
|
|
48,517
|
|
|
|
565
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
48,937
|
|
|
|
621
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Interest rate caps
|
|
|
25,651
|
|
|
|
90
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
45,498
|
|
|
|
50
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Financial futures
|
|
|
6,180
|
|
|
|
33
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
10,817
|
|
|
|
89
|
|
|
|
57
|
|
Foreign currency swaps
|
|
|
20,756
|
|
|
|
1,733
|
|
|
|
2,026
|
|
|
|
21,399
|
|
|
|
1,480
|
|
|
|
1,724
|
|
Foreign currency forwards
|
|
|
5,570
|
|
|
|
43
|
|
|
|
100
|
|
|
|
4,185
|
|
|
|
76
|
|
|
|
16
|
|
Options
|
|
|
2,409
|
|
|
|
938
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
2,043
|
|
|
|
713
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
Financial forwards
|
|
|
2,480
|
|
|
|
68
|
|
|
|
12
|
|
|
|
4,600
|
|
|
|
122
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
Credit default swaps
|
|
|
4,260
|
|
|
|
58
|
|
|
|
33
|
|
|
|
6,850
|
|
|
|
58
|
|
|
|
35
|
|
Synthetic GICs
|
|
|
3,934
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
3,670
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Other
|
|
|
250
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
250
|
|
|
|
43
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
156,549
|
|
|
$
|
4,427
|
|
|
$
|
2,771
|
|
|
$
|
210,768
|
|
|
$
|
4,037
|
|
|
$
|
2,603
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
147
The above table does not include notional amounts for equity
futures, equity variance swaps, and equity options. At
June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company owned
8,354 and 4,658 equity future contracts, respectively. Fair
values of equity futures are included in financial futures in
the preceding table. At June 30, 2008 and December 31,
2007, the Company owned 865,427 and 695,485 equity variance
swaps, respectively. Fair values of equity variance swaps are
included in financial forwards in the preceding table. At
June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company owned
170,450,122 and 77,374,937 equity options, respectively. Fair
values of equity options are included in options in the
preceding table.
The fair value of derivatives measured at fair value on a
recurring basis and their corresponding fair value hierarchy,
are summarized as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, 2008
|
|
|
|
Derivative Assets
|
|
|
Derivative Liabilities
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and
liabilities (Level 1)
|
|
$
|
33
|
|
|
|
1
|
%
|
|
$
|
4
|
|
|
|
—
|
%
|
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2)
|
|
|
3,475
|
|
|
|
78
|
|
|
|
2,701
|
|
|
|
97
|
|
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
|
|
|
919
|
|
|
|
21
|
|
|
|
66
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total fair value
|
|
$
|
4,427
|
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
$
|
2,771
|
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A rollforward of the fair value measurements for derivatives
measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant
unobservable (Level 3) inputs for the three months and
six months ended June 30, 2008 is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
|
June 30, 2008
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Balance, December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
789
|
|
Impact of SFAS 157 and SFAS 159 adoption
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance, beginning of period
|
|
$
|
1,215
|
|
|
|
788
|
|
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Earnings
|
|
|
(368
|
)
|
|
|
46
|
|
Other comprehensive income (loss)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Purchases, sales, issuances and settlements
|
|
|
25
|
|
|
|
18
|
|
Transfer in and/or out of Level 3
|
|
|
(19
|
)
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance, end of period
|
|
$
|
853
|
|
|
$
|
853
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See “— Summary of Critical Accounting
Estimates — Derivative Financial Instruments” for
further information on the estimates and assumptions that affect
the amounts reported above.
Credit Risk. The Company may be exposed to
credit-related losses in the event of nonperformance by
counterparties to derivative financial instruments. Generally,
the current credit exposure of the Company’s derivative
contracts is limited to the fair value at the reporting date.
The credit exposure of the Company’s derivative
transactions is represented by the fair value of contracts with
a net positive fair value at the reporting date.
The Company manages its credit risk related to
over-the-counter
derivatives by entering into transactions with creditworthy
counterparties, maintaining collateral arrangements and through
the use of master agreements that provide for a single net
payment to be made by one counterparty to another at each due
date and upon termination. Because exchange traded futures are
effected through regulated exchanges, and positions are marked
to market on a daily basis, the Company has minimal exposure to
credit-related losses in the event of nonperformance by
counterparties to such derivative instruments.
The Company enters into various collateral arrangements, which
require both the pledging and accepting of collateral in
connection with its derivative instruments. As of June 30,
2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company was obligated to
return cash collateral under its control of $1.1 billion
and $833 million, respectively. This unrestricted cash
collateral is included in cash and cash equivalents and the
obligation to return it is included in
148
payables for collateral under securities loaned and other
transactions in the consolidated balance sheets. As of
June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company had
also accepted collateral consisting of various securities with a
fair market value of $658 million and $678 million,
respectively, which are held in separate custodial accounts. The
Company is permitted by contract to sell or repledge this
collateral, but as of June 30, 2008 and December 31,
2007, none of the collateral had been sold or repledged.
As of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company
provided collateral of $284 million and $162 million,
respectively, which is included in fixed maturity securities in
the consolidated balance sheets. In addition, the Company has
exchange traded futures, which require the pledging of
collateral. As of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007,
the Company pledged collateral of $123 million and
$167 million, respectively, which is included in fixed
maturity securities. The counterparties are permitted by
contract to sell or repledge this collateral. As of
June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company
provided cash collateral of $76 million and
$102 million, respectively, which is included in premiums
and other receivables in the consolidated balance sheet.
Embedded Derivatives. The fair value of
embedded derivatives measured at fair value on a recurring basis
and their corresponding fair value hierarchy, are summarized as
follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, 2008
|
|
|
|
Net Embedded Derivatives Within
|
|
|
|
Asset Host Contracts
|
|
|
Liability Host Contracts
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and
liabilities (Level 1)
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
%
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
%
|
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
|
|
|
(152
|
)
|
|
|
100
|
|
|
|
1,045
|
|
|
|
100
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total fair value
|
|
$
|
(152
|
)
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
$
|
1,045
|
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A rollforward of the fair value measurements for embedded
derivatives measured at fair value on a recurring basis using
significant unobservable (Level 3) inputs for the
three months and six months ended June 30, 2008 is as
follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
|
|
|
|
June 30, 2008
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Balance, December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
(843
|
)
|
Impact of SFAS 157 and SFAS 159 adoption
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
41
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance, beginning of period
|
|
$
|
(1,505
|
)
|
|
|
(802
|
)
|
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Earnings
|
|
|
330
|
|
|
|
(331
|
)
|
Other comprehensive income (loss)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Purchases, sales, issuances and settlements
|
|
|
(22
|
)
|
|
|
(64
|
)
|
Transfer in and/or out of Level 3
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance, end of period
|
|
$
|
(1,197
|
)
|
|
$
|
(1,197
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See “— Summary of Critical Accounting
Estimates — Embedded Derivatives” for further
information on the estimates and assumptions that affect the
amounts reported above.
Variable
Interest Entities
The following table presents as of June 30, 2008:
(i) the total assets of and maximum exposure to loss
relating to VIEs for which the Company has concluded that it is
the primary beneficiary and which are consolidated in the
Company’s consolidated financial statements, and
(ii) the maximum exposure to loss relating to VIEs that the
Company holds significant variable interests but has concluded
that it is not the primary beneficiary and therefore,
149
have not been consolidated. When the Company concludes that it
is not the primary beneficiary of the VIE, the fair value of the
Company’s investment in the VIE is recorded in the
Company’s financial statements.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, 2008
|
|
|
|
Primary Beneficiary
|
|
|
Not Primary Beneficiary
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Maximum
|
|
|
Maximum
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Exposure to
|
|
|
Exposure to
|
|
|
|
Assets (1)
|
|
|
Loss (2)
|
|
|
Loss (2)
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Asset-backed securitizations and collateralized debt obligations
|
|
$
|
1,328
|
|
|
$
|
1,328
|
|
|
$
|
96
|
|
Real estate joint ventures (3)
|
|
|
45
|
|
|
|
24
|
|
|
|
33
|
|
Other limited partnership interests (4)
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
3,923
|
|
Trust preferred securities (5)
|
|
|
106
|
|
|
|
106
|
|
|
|
3,828
|
|
Other investments (6)
|
|
|
1,357
|
|
|
|
1,357
|
|
|
|
213
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
2,838
|
|
|
$
|
2,816
|
|
|
$
|
8,093
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
The assets of the asset-backed securitizations and
collateralized debt obligations are reflected at fair value. The
assets of the real estate joint ventures, other limited
partnership interests, trust preferred securities and other
investments are reflected at the carrying amounts at which such
assets would have been reflected on the Company’s
consolidated balance sheet had the Company consolidated the VIE
from the date of its initial investment in the entity. |
|
(2) |
|
The maximum exposure to loss relating to the asset-backed
securitizations and collateralized debt obligations is equal to
the carrying amounts of retained interests. In addition, the
Company provides collateral management services for certain of
these structures for which it collects a management fee. The
maximum exposure to loss relating to real estate joint ventures,
other limited partnership interests, trust preferred securities
and other investments is equal to the carrying amounts plus any
unfunded commitments, reduced by amounts guaranteed by other
partners. Such a maximum loss would be expected to occur only
upon bankruptcy of the issuer or investee. |
|
(3) |
|
Real estate joint ventures include partnerships and other
ventures which engage in the acquisition, development,
management and disposal of real estate investments. |
|
(4) |
|
Other limited partnership interests include partnerships
established for the purpose of investing in public and private
debt and equity securities. |
|
(5) |
|
Trust preferred securities are complex, uniquely structured
investments which contain features of both equity and debt, may
have an extended or no stated maturity, and may be callable at
the issuer’s option after a defined period of time. |
|
(6) |
|
Other investments include securities that are not trust
preferred securities, asset-backed securitizations or
collateralized debt obligations. |
Securities
Lending
The Company participates in a securities lending program whereby
blocks of securities, which are included in fixed maturity and
equity securities, are loaned to third parties, primarily major
brokerage firms. The Company requires a minimum of 102% of the
fair value of the loaned securities to be separately maintained
as collateral for the loans. Securities with a cost or amortized
cost of $43.6 billion and $41.1 billion and an
estimated fair value of $43.7 billion and
$42.1 billion were on loan under the program at
June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively.
Securities loaned under such transactions may be sold or
repledged by the transferee. The Company was liable for cash
collateral under its control of $44.9 billion and
$43.3 billion at June 30, 2008 and
December 31, 2007, respectively. Security collateral of
$19 million and $40 million, on deposit from customers in
connection with the securities lending transactions at June 30,
2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively, may not be sold or
repledged and is not reflected in the unaudited interim
condensed consolidated financial statements.
150
Separate
Accounts
The Company had $149.7 billion and $160.2 billion held
in its separate accounts, for which the Company does not bear
investment risk, as of June 30, 2008 and December 31,
2007, respectively. The Company manages each separate
account’s assets in accordance with the prescribed
investment policy that applies to that specific separate
account. The Company establishes separate accounts on a single
client and multi-client commingled basis in compliance with
insurance laws. Effective with the adoption of
SOP 03-1,
Accounting and Reporting by Insurance Enterprises for Certain
Nontraditional Long-Duration Contracts and for Separate
Accounts, on January 1, 2004, the Company reported
separately, as assets and liabilities, investments held in
separate accounts and liabilities of the separate accounts if:
|
|
|
|
•
|
such separate accounts are legally recognized;
|
|
|
•
|
assets supporting the contract liabilities are legally insulated
from the Company’s general account liabilities;
|
|
|
•
|
investments are directed by the contractholder; and
|
|
|
•
|
all investment performance, net of contract fees and
assessments, is passed through to the contractholder.
|
The Company reports separate account assets meeting such
criteria at their fair value. Investment performance (including
net investment income, net investment gains (losses) and changes
in unrealized gains (losses)) and the corresponding amounts
credited to contractholders of such separate accounts are offset
within the same line in the consolidated statements of income.
The Company’s revenues reflect fees charged to the separate
accounts, including mortality charges, risk charges, policy
administration fees, investment management fees and surrender
charges. Separate accounts not meeting the above criteria are
combined on a
line-by-line
basis with the Company’s general account assets,
liabilities, revenues and expenses.
The fair value of separate accounts measured at fair value on a
recurring basis and their corresponding fair value hierarchy,
are summarized as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, 2008
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets
(Level 1)
|
|
$
|
115,597
|
|
|
|
77
|
%
|
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2)
|
|
|
32,410
|
|
|
|
22
|
|
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
|
|
|
1,694
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total fair value
|
|
$
|
149,701
|
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Item 3.
|
Quantitative
and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
|
The Company regularly analyzes its exposure to interest rate,
equity market and foreign currency exchange risks. As a result
of that analysis, the Company has determined that the fair value
of its interest rate sensitive invested assets is materially
exposed to changes in interest rates, and that the amount of
that risk has decreased from that reported at December 31,
2007 in the 2007 Annual Report. The equity and foreign currency
portfolios do not expose the Company to material market risks,
nor has the Company’s exposure to those risks materially
changed from that reported on December 31, 2007 in the 2007
Annual Report.
The Company analyzes interest rate risk using various models
including multi-scenario cash flow projection models that
forecast cash flows of certain liabilities and their supporting
investments, including derivative instruments. As disclosed in
the 2007 Annual Report, the Company uses a variety of strategies
to manage interest rate, equity market, and foreign currency
exchange risk, including the use of derivative instruments.
The Company’s management processes for measuring, managing
and monitoring market risk remain as described in the 2007
Annual Report. Some of those processes utilize interim manual
reporting and estimation techniques when the Company integrates
newly acquired operations.
151
Risk
Measurement: Sensitivity Analysis
The Company measures market risk related to its holdings of
invested assets and other financial instruments, including
certain market risk sensitive insurance contracts, based on
changes in interest rates, equity market prices and currency
exchange rates, utilizing a sensitivity analysis. This analysis
estimates the potential changes in fair value based on a
hypothetical 10% change (increase or decrease) in interest
rates, equity market prices and currency exchange rates. The
Company believes that a 10% change (increase or decrease) in
these market rates and prices is reasonably possible in the
near-term. In performing this analysis, the Company used market
rates at June 30, 2008 to re-price its invested assets and
other financial instruments. The sensitivity analysis separately
calculated each of MetLife’s market risk exposures
(interest rate, equity market price and foreign currency
exchange rate) related to its trading and non-trading invested
assets and other financial instruments. The sensitivity analysis
performed included the market risk sensitive holdings described
above. The Company modeled the impact of changes in market rates
and prices on the fair values of its invested assets as follows:
|
|
|
|
•
|
the net present values of its interest rate sensitive exposures
resulting from a 10% change (increase or decrease) in interest
rates;
|
|
|
•
|
the market value of its equity positions due to a 10% change
(increase or decrease) in equity prices; and
|
|
|
•
|
the U.S. dollar equivalent balances of the Company’s
currency exposures due to a 10% change (increase or decrease) in
currency exchange rates.
|
The sensitivity analysis is an estimate and should not be viewed
as predictive of the Company’s future financial
performance. The Company cannot assure that its actual losses in
any particular year will not exceed the amounts indicated in the
table below. Limitations related to this sensitivity analysis
include:
|
|
|
|
•
|
the market risk information is limited by the assumptions and
parameters established in creating the related sensitivity
analysis;
|
|
|
•
|
for derivatives that qualify as hedges, the impact on reported
earnings may be materially different from the change in market
values;
|
|
|
•
|
the analysis excludes other significant real estate holdings and
liabilities pursuant to insurance contracts; and
|
|
|
•
|
the model assumes that the composition of assets and liabilities
remains unchanged throughout the year.
|
Accordingly, the Company uses such models as tools and not
substitutes for the experience and judgment of its investments,
asset/liability management and corporate risk personnel. Based
on its analysis of the impact of a 10% change (increase or
decrease) in market rates and prices, MetLife has determined
that such a change could have a material adverse effect on the
fair value of its interest rate sensitive invested assets. Based
upon its analysis of the impact of a 10% change (increase or
decrease) in equity markets or in currency exchange rates, the
equity and foreign currency portfolios do not expose the Company
to material market risk.
The table below illustrates the potential loss in fair value of
the Company’s interest rate sensitive financial instruments
at June 30, 2008. In addition, the potential loss with
respect to the fair value of currency exchange rates and the
Company’s equity price sensitive positions at June 30,
2008 is set forth in the table below.
The potential loss in fair value for each market risk exposure
of the Company’s portfolio at June 30, 2008 was:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, 2008
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Non-trading:
|
|
|
|
|
Interest rate risk
|
|
$
|
4,768
|
|
Equity price risk
|
|
$
|
229
|
|
Foreign currency exchange rate risk
|
|
$
|
450
|
|
Trading:
|
|
|
|
|
Interest rate risk
|
|
$
|
12
|
|
152
The table below provides additional detail regarding the
potential loss in fair value of the Company’s non-trading
interest sensitive financial instruments at June 30, 2008
by type of asset or liability.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of June 30, 2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Assuming a
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10% Increase
|
|
|
|
Notional
|
|
|
Estimated
|
|
|
in the Yield
|
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
|
Curve
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed maturities
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
241,191
|
|
|
$
|
(5,378
|
)
|
Equity securities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,420
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Mortgage and consumer loans
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
48,818
|
|
|
|
(494
|
)
|
Policy loans
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11,894
|
|
|
|
(239
|
)
|
Short-term investments
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,980
|
|
|
|
(3
|
)
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
13,815
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Mortgage loan commitments
|
|
$
|
3,758
|
|
|
|
(76
|
)
|
|
|
(18
|
)
|
Commitments to fund bank credit facilities, bridge loans and
private corporate bond investments
|
|
|
1,138
|
|
|
|
(69
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
Commitments to fund partnership investments
|
|
|
4,844
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
(6,132
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Policyholder account balances
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
104,120
|
|
|
$
|
1,380
|
|
Short-term debt
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
623
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Long-term debt
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9,192
|
|
|
|
292
|
|
Collateral financing agreements
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,030
|
|
|
|
72
|
|
Junior subordinated debt securities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,951
|
|
|
|
130
|
|
Shares subject to mandatory redemption
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
186
|
|
|
|
7
|
|
Payables for collateral under securities loaned and other
transactions
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
45,979
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
1,881
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Derivative instruments (designated hedges or otherwise)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest rate swaps
|
|
$
|
36,542
|
|
|
$
|
308
|
|
|
$
|
(279
|
)
|
Interest rate floors
|
|
|
48,517
|
|
|
|
565
|
|
|
|
(37
|
)
|
Interest rate caps
|
|
|
25,651
|
|
|
|
90
|
|
|
|
40
|
|
Financial futures
|
|
|
6,180
|
|
|
|
29
|
|
|
|
(49
|
)
|
Foreign currency swaps
|
|
|
20,756
|
|
|
|
(293
|
)
|
|
|
(88
|
)
|
Foreign currency forwards
|
|
|
5,570
|
|
|
|
(57
|
)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Options
|
|
|
2,409
|
|
|
|
938
|
|
|
|
(100
|
)
|
Financial forwards
|
|
|
2,480
|
|
|
|
56
|
|
|
|
(5
|
)
|
Credit default swaps
|
|
|
4,260
|
|
|
|
25
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Synthetic GICs
|
|
|
3,934
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Other
|
|
|
250
|
|
|
|
(5
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(517
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net change
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
(4,768
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
153
This quantitative measure of risk has decreased by
$402 million, or 8%, to $4,768 million at
June 30, 2008 from $5,170 million at December 31,
2007. From December 31, 2007 to June 30, 2008 there
was a relatively parallel shift in the yield curve which
resulted in an immaterial change to the interest rate risk
presented above. The most significant movement in the yield
curve occurred at the short end which did not result in a
material movement in the aforementioned interest rate risk.
Additionally, there was no material restructuring of the
Company’s investment portfolio. The decrease in interest
rate risk was primarily driven by a $540 million change in
the method of estimating the fair value of liabilities in
connection with the adoption of SFAS 157. Partially
offsetting this decline was an increase in interest rate risk of
$147 million resulting from a decrease in the amount of
interest rate sensitive derivatives employed by the Company.
|
|
Item 4.
|
Controls
and Procedures
|
Management, with the participation of the Chief Executive
Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the
effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s
disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Exchange Act
Rule 13a-15(e)
as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on
that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial
Officer have concluded that these disclosure controls and
procedures are effective.
There were no changes to the Company’s internal control
over financial reporting as defined in Exchange Act
Rule 13a-15(f)
during the three months ended June 30, 2008 that have
materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially
affect, the Company’s internal control over financial
reporting.
Part II —
Other Information
|
|
Item 1.
|
Legal
Proceedings
|
The following should be read in conjunction with
(i) Part I, Item 3, of the 2007 Annual Report and
(ii) Note 8 to the unaudited interim condensed
consolidated financial statements in Part I of this report.
Demutualization
Actions
Several lawsuits were brought in 2000 challenging the fairness
of MLIC’s plan of reorganization, as amended (the
“Plan”) and the adequacy and accuracy of MLIC’s
disclosure to policyholders regarding the Plan. The actions
discussed below name as defendants some or all of MLIC, the
Holding Company, and individual directors. MLIC, the Holding
Company, and the individual directors believe they have
meritorious defenses to the plaintiffs’ claims and are
contesting vigorously all of the plaintiffs’ claims in
these actions.
Fiala, et al. v. Metropolitan Life Ins. Co., et al. (Sup.
Ct., N.Y. County, filed March 17, 2000). The
plaintiffs in the consolidated state court class actions seek
compensatory relief and punitive damages against MLIC, the
Holding Company, and individual directors. On June 5, 2008,
the Appellate Division affirmed the order of the trial court
certifying a litigation class of present and former
policyholders on plaintiffs’ claim that defendants violated
section 7312 of the New York Insurance Law, but denying
plaintiffs’ motion to certify a litigation class with
respect to a common law fraud claim. The trial court has
directed various forms of class notice. Plaintiffs have begun
distributing various forms of class notice. In July 2008,
defendants served their motion for summary judgment.
Asbestos-Related
Claims
MLIC is and has been a defendant in a large number of
asbestos-related suits filed primarily in state courts. These
suits principally allege that the plaintiff or plaintiffs
suffered personal injury resulting from exposure to asbestos and
seek both actual and punitive damages.
As reported in the 2007 Annual Report, MLIC received
approximately 7,200 asbestos-related claims in 2007. During the
six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, MLIC received
approximately 2,900 and 2,600 new asbestos-related claims,
respectively. See Note 16 of the Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements included in the 2007 Annual Report for
historical information concerning asbestos claims and
MLIC’s increase in its recorded liability at
December 31, 2002. The number of asbestos cases that may be
brought or the aggregate amount of any liability that MLIC may
ultimately incur is uncertain.
154
MLIC reevaluates on a quarterly and annual basis its exposure
from asbestos litigation, including studying its claims
experience, reviewing external literature regarding asbestos
claims experience in the United States, assessing relevant
trends impacting asbestos liability and considering numerous
variables that can affect its asbestos liability exposure on an
overall or per claim basis. These variables include bankruptcies
of other companies involved in asbestos litigation, legislative
and judicial developments, the number of pending claims
involving serious disease, the number of new claims filed
against it and other defendants, and the jurisdictions in which
claims are pending. MLIC regularly reevaluates its exposure from
asbestos litigation and has updated its liability analysis for
asbestos-related claims through June 30, 2008.
Sales
Practices Claims
Over the past several years, MLIC; New England Mutual Life
Insurance Company, New England Life Insurance Company and New
England Securities Corporation (collectively “New
England”); GALIC; Walnut Street Securities, Inc.
(“Walnut Street Securities”) and MetLife Securities,
Inc. (“MSI”) have faced numerous claims, including
class action lawsuits, alleging improper marketing or sales of
individual life insurance policies, annuities, mutual funds or
other products.
As of June 30, 2008, there were approximately 145 sales
practices litigation matters pending against the Company. The
Company continues to vigorously defend against the claims in
these matters. Some sales practices claims have been resolved
through settlement. Other sales practices claims have been won
by dispositive motions or have gone to trial. Most of the
current cases seek substantial damages, including in some cases
punitive and treble damages and attorneys’ fees. Additional
litigation relating to the Company’s marketing and sales of
individual life insurance, mutual funds or other products may be
commenced in the future.
Regulatory
Matters
In June 2008, the Environmental Protection Agency issued a
Notice of Violation (“NOV”) regarding the operations
of EME Homer City Generation L.P. (“EME Homer”), an
electrical generation facility. The NOV alleges, among other
things, that EME Homer is in violation of certain federal and
state Clean Air Act requirements. Homer City 0L6 LLC, an entity
owned by MLIC, is a passive investor with a minority interest in
the electrical generation facility which is solely operated by
the lessee, EME Homer. EME Homer has been notified of its
obligation to indemnify Homer City 0L6 LLC and MLIC for any
claims resulting from the NOV.
Summary
Putative or certified class action litigation and other
litigation and claims and assessments against the Company, in
addition to those discussed previously and those otherwise
provided for in the Company’s consolidated financial
statements, have arisen in the course of the Company’s
business, including, but not limited to, in connection with its
activities as an insurer, employer, investor, investment advisor
and taxpayer. Further, state insurance regulatory authorities
and other federal and state authorities regularly make inquiries
and conduct investigations concerning the Company’s
compliance with applicable insurance and other laws and
regulations.
It is not possible to predict the ultimate outcome of all
pending investigations and legal proceedings or provide
reasonable ranges of potential losses, except as noted
previously in connection with specific matters. In some of the
matters referred to previously, very large
and/or
indeterminate amounts, including punitive and treble damages,
are sought. Although in light of these considerations it is
possible that an adverse outcome in certain cases could have a
material adverse effect upon the Company’s financial
position, based on information currently known by the
Company’s management, in its opinion, the outcomes of such
pending investigations and legal proceedings are not likely to
have such an effect. However, given the large
and/or
indeterminate amounts sought in certain of these matters and the
inherent unpredictability of litigation, it is possible that an
adverse outcome in certain matters could, from time to time,
have a material adverse effect on the Company’s
consolidated net income or cash flows in particular quarterly or
annual periods.
155
The following should be read in conjunction with and supplements
and amends the factors that may affect the Company’s
business or operations described under “Risk Factors”
in Part I, Item 1A, of the 2007 Annual Report.
Adverse
Credit Market Conditions May Significantly Affect Our Access to
Capital, Cost of Capital and Ability to Meet Liquidity
Needs
Disruptions, uncertainty or volatility in the credit markets may
limit our access to capital which is required to operate our
business, most significantly our insurance operations. Such
market conditions may limit our ability to replace, in a timely
manner, maturing liabilities; satisfy statutory capital
requirements; generate fee income and market-related revenue to
meet liquidity needs; and access the capital necessary to grow
our business. As such, we may be forced to delay raising
capital, issue shorter tenors than we prefer, or pay
unattractive interest rates; thereby, increasing our interest
expense, decreasing our profitability and significantly reducing
our financial flexibility. Overall, our results of operations,
financial condition, cash flows and statutory capital position
could be materially adversely affected by disruptions in the
financial markets.
|
|
Item 2.
|
Unregistered
Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
|
Issuer
Purchases of Equity Securities
Purchases of common stock made by or on behalf of the Company or
its affiliates during the quarter ended June 30, 2008 are
set forth below:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(d) Maximum Number
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(c) Total Number of
|
|
|
(or Approximate Dollar
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares Purchased as
|
|
|
Value) of Shares
|
|
|
|
(a) Total Number
|
|
|
(b) Average
|
|
|
Part of Publicly
|
|
|
that May Yet Be
|
|
|
|
of Shares
|
|
|
Price Paid
|
|
|
Announced
|
|
|
Purchased Under the Plans
|
|
Period
|
|
Purchased (1)
|
|
|
per Share (2)
|
|
|
Plans or Programs
|
|
|
of Programs (3)
|
|
|
April 1 — April 30, 2008
|
|
|
673
|
|
|
$
|
61.64
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
1,260,735,127
|
|
May 1 — May 31, 2008
|
|
|
868,646
|
|
|
$
|
0.28
|
|
|
|
864,646
|
|
|
$
|
1,260,735,127
|
|
June 1 — June 30, 2008
|
|
|
1,653
|
|
|
$
|
57.44
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
1,260,735,127
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
870,972
|
|
|
$
|
0.44
|
|
|
|
864,646
|
|
|
$
|
1,260,735,127
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
During the periods April 1 — April 30, 2008, May
1 — May 31, 2008 and June 1 —
June 30, 2008, separate account affiliates of the Company
purchased 673 shares, 4,000 shares and
1,653 shares, respectively, of common stock on the open
market in nondiscretionary transactions to rebalance index
funds. Except as disclosed above, there were no shares of common
stock which were repurchased by the Company other than through a
publicly announced plan or program. |
|
|
|
In February 2008, the Company entered into an accelerated common
stock repurchase agreement with a major bank. Under the
agreement, the Company paid the bank $711 million in cash
and the bank delivered an initial amount of
11,161,550 shares of the Company’s outstanding common
stock that the bank borrowed from third parties. In May 2008,
the bank delivered an additional 864,646 shares of the
Company’s common stock to the Company resulting in a total
of 12,026,196 million shares being repurchased under the
agreement. Upon settlement with the bank in May 2008, the
Company increased additional paid-in capital and treasury stock. |
|
(2) |
|
Except for the period from May 1 — May 31,
the separate account affiliates of the Company purchased shares
in the amounts and at the prices indicated in the table above.
During the period from May 1 — May 31, the
Company’s separate account affiliates acquired
4,000 shares at an effective price per share of $60.98. The
settlement of the accelerated stock repurchase agreement
described in footnote 1 whereby the Company received
864,646 shares during the period from May 1 — May
31 but did not remit additional proceeds resulted in an average
price paid per share in the table above of $0.28. The actual
price paid per share for all of the shares repurchased under the
February 2008 accelerated stock repurchase agreement was $59.10. |
156
|
|
|
(3) |
|
In April 2008, the Company’s Board of Directors
authorized an additional $1 billion common stock repurchase
program. |
Furthermore, the payment of dividends and other distributions to
the Holding Company by its insurance subsidiaries is regulated
by insurance laws and regulations. See “Management’s
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations — Liquidity and Capital
Resources — The Holding Company — Liquidity
Sources — Dividends.”
|
|
Item 4.
|
Submission
of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
|
The information called for by Part II, Item 4 is
incorporated herein by reference to Part II, Item 4,
“Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders,”
in MetLife’s Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q
for the quarter ended March 31, 2008.
157
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit
|
|
|
No.
|
|
Description
|
|
|
4
|
.1
|
|
Replacement Capital Covenant, dated as of April 8, 2008
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to MetLife,
Inc.’s Current Report on
Form 8-K
dated April 8, 2008)
|
|
10
|
.1
|
|
Amendment Number 17 to the MetLife Plan for Transition
Assistance for Officers, dated June 3, 2008
|
|
31
|
.1
|
|
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to
Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
|
|
31
|
.2
|
|
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to
Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
|
|
32
|
.1
|
|
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
|
|
32
|
.2
|
|
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
|
158
Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on
its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
METLIFE, INC.
|
|
|
|
By
|
/s/ Joseph
J. Prochaska, Jr.
|
Name: Joseph J. Prochaska, Jr.
|
|
|
|
Title:
|
Executive Vice President, Finance Operations and
|
Chief Accounting Officer (Authorized Signatory and
Principal Accounting Officer)
Date: August 4, 2008
159
Exhibit Index
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit
|
|
|
No.
|
|
Description
|
|
|
4
|
.1
|
|
Replacement Capital Covenant, dated as of April 8, 2008
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to MetLife,
Inc.’s Current Report on
Form 8-K
dated April 8, 2008)
|
|
10
|
.1
|
|
Amendment Number 17 to the MetLife Plan for Transition
Assistance for Officers, dated June 3, 2008
|
|
31
|
.1
|
|
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to
Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
|
|
31
|
.2
|
|
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to
Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
|
|
32
|
.1
|
|
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
|
|
32
|
.2
|
|
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
|
E-1