10-Q
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C.
20549
FORM 10-Q
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(Mark One)
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þ
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QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
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FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED
MARCH 31, 2008
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OR
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o
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
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FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD
FROM TO
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Commission file number:
001-15787
MetLife, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as
specified in its charter)
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Delaware
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13-4075851
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(State or other jurisdiction
of
incorporation or organization)
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(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
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200 Park Avenue, New York, NY
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10166-0188
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(Address of principal executive
offices)
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(Zip Code)
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(212) 578-2211
(Registrant’s telephone
number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has
filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or
15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the
preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has
been subject to such filing requirements for the past
90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large
accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated
filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of
“large accelerated filer,” “accelerated
filer” and “smaller reporting company” in
Rule 12b-2
of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
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Large accelerated
filer þ
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Accelerated
filer o
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Non-accelerated
filer o (Do
not check if a smaller reporting company)
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Smaller reporting
company o
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company
(as defined in
Rule 12b-2
of the Exchange
Act). Yes o No þ
At May 2, 2008, 710,306,273 shares of the
registrant’s common stock, $0.01 par value per share,
were outstanding.
Note
Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q,
including the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations, contains
statements which constitute forward-looking statements within
the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of
1995, including statements relating to trends in the operations
and financial results and the business and the products of
MetLife, Inc. and its subsidiaries, as well as other statements
including words such as “anticipate,”
“believe,” “plan,” “estimate,”
“expect,” “intend” and other similar
expressions. Forward-looking statements are made based upon
management’s current expectations and beliefs concerning
future developments and their potential effects on MetLife, Inc.
and its subsidiaries. Such forward-looking statements are not
guarantees of future performance. See “Management’s
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations.”
3
Part I —
Financial Information
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Item 1.
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Financial
Statements
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MetLife,
Inc.
March 31, 2008 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2007
(In millions, except share and per share data)
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March 31,
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December 31,
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2008
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2007
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Assets
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Investments:
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Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale, at estimated fair
value (amortized cost: $244,270 and $238,761, respectively)
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$
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244,088
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$
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242,242
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Equity securities available-for-sale, at estimated fair value
(cost: $5,842 and $5,891, respectively)
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5,533
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6,050
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Trading securities, at estimated fair value (cost: $831 and
$768, respectively)
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808
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779
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Mortgage and consumer loans
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47,777
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47,030
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Policy loans
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10,739
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10,419
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Real estate and real estate joint ventures held-for-investment
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6,962
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6,768
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Real estate held-for-sale
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1
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1
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Other limited partnership interests
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6,349
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6,155
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Short-term investments
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2,612
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2,648
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Other invested assets
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14,357
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12,642
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Total investments
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339,226
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334,734
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Cash and cash equivalents
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10,874
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10,368
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Accrued investment income
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3,382
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3,630
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Premiums and other receivables
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14,998
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14,607
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Deferred policy acquisition costs and value of business acquired
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22,085
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21,521
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Current income tax recoverable
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430
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303
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Goodwill
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5,094
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4,910
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Other assets
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8,473
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8,330
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Separate account assets
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152,570
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160,159
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Total assets
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$
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557,132
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$
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558,562
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Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
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Liabilities
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Future policy benefits
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$
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134,047
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$
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132,262
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Policyholder account balances
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141,530
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137,349
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Other policyholder funds
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10,631
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10,176
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Policyholder dividends payable
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993
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994
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Policyholder dividend obligation
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119
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789
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Short-term debt
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632
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667
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Long-term debt
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9,652
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9,628
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Collateral financing arrangements
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5,792
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5,732
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Junior subordinated debt securities
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4,474
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4,474
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Shares subject to mandatory redemption
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159
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159
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Deferred income tax liability
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1,462
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2,457
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Payables for collateral under securities loaned and other
transactions
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46,649
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44,136
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Other liabilities
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15,423
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14,401
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Separate account liabilities
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152,570
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160,159
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Total liabilities
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524,133
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523,383
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Contingencies, Commitments and Guarantees (Note 7)
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Stockholders’ Equity
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Preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share;
200,000,000 shares authorized; 84,000,000 shares
issued and outstanding; $2,100 aggregate liquidation preference
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1
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1
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Common stock, par value $0.01 per share;
3,000,000,000 shares authorized; 786,766,664 shares
issued; 709,434,506 and 729,223,440 shares outstanding at
March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively
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8
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8
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Additional paid-in capital
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17,600
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17,098
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Retained earnings
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20,526
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19,884
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Treasury stock, at cost; 77,332,158 shares and
57,543,224 shares at March 31, 2008 and
December 31, 2007, respectively
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(4,108
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)
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(2,890
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)
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Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
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(1,028
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)
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1,078
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Total stockholders’ equity
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32,999
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35,179
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Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
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$
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557,132
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$
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558,562
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See accompanying notes to interim condensed consolidated
financial statements.
4
MetLife,
Inc.
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2008 and 2007
(Unaudited)
(In millions, except per share data)
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Three Months Ended
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March 31,
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2008
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2007
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Revenues
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Premiums
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$
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7,593
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$
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6,765
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Universal life and investment-type product policy fees
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1,417
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1,280
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Net investment income
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4,508
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4,521
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Other revenues
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395
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|
384
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Net investment gains (losses)
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(886
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)
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(38
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)
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Total revenues
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13,027
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12,912
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Expenses
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Policyholder benefits and claims
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7,743
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6,773
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Interest credited to policyholder account balances
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1,311
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|
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1,376
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Policyholder dividends
|
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|
430
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|
424
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Other expenses
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2,676
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2,896
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Total expenses
|
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12,160
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11,469
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|
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Income from continuing operations before provision for income tax
|
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|
867
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|
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1,443
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Provision for income tax
|
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|
217
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|
|
|
416
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
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Income from continuing operations
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|
650
|
|
|
|
1,027
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Loss from discontinued operations, net of income tax
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(2
|
)
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|
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(10
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)
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|
|
|
|
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Net income
|
|
|
648
|
|
|
|
1,017
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Preferred stock dividends
|
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|
33
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|
34
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|
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|
|
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|
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Net income available to common shareholders
|
|
$
|
615
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|
$
|
983
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|
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Income from continuing operations available to common
shareholders per common share
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|
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Basic
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$
|
0.86
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$
|
1.32
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Diluted
|
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$
|
0.84
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$
|
1.29
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|
|
|
|
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Net income available to common shareholders per common share
|
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|
|
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Basic
|
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$
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0.85
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$
|
1.31
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|
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Diluted
|
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$
|
0.84
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$
|
1.28
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|
|
|
|
|
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|
See accompanying notes to interim condensed consolidated
financial statements.
5
MetLife,
Inc.
Interim
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2008 (Unaudited)
(In millions)
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Accumulated Other
|
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|
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|
|
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
|
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|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
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Net
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|
|
Foreign
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|
|
Defined
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additional
|
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|
|
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|
Treasury
|
|
|
Unrealized
|
|
|
Currency
|
|
|
Benefit
|
|
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|
|
|
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Preferred
|
|
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Common
|
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Paid-in
|
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Retained
|
|
|
Stock
|
|
|
Investment
|
|
|
Translation
|
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Plans
|
|
|
|
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|
Stock
|
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|
Stock
|
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|
Capital
|
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Earnings
|
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|
at Cost
|
|
|
Gains (Losses)
|
|
|
Adjustments
|
|
|
Adjustment
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2007
|
|
$
|
1
|
|
|
$
|
8
|
|
|
$
|
17,098
|
|
|
$
|
19,884
|
|
|
$
|
(2,890
|
)
|
|
$
|
971
|
|
|
$
|
347
|
|
|
$
|
(240
|
)
|
|
$
|
35,179
|
|
Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principles, net of
income tax (Note 1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
27
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(10
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
17
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at January 1, 2008
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
17,098
|
|
|
|
19,911
|
|
|
|
(2,890
|
)
|
|
|
961
|
|
|
|
347
|
|
|
|
(240
|
)
|
|
|
35,196
|
|
Treasury stock transactions, net
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
502
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,218
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(716
|
)
|
Dividends on preferred stock
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(33
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(33
|
)
|
Comprehensive income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
648
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
648
|
|
Other comprehensive income (loss):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net of
income tax
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(60
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(60
|
)
|
Unrealized investment gains (losses), net of related offsets and
income tax
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2,188
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2,188
|
)
|
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of income tax
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
153
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
153
|
|
Defined benefit plans adjustment, net of income tax
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other comprehensive income (loss)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2,096
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Comprehensive income (loss)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,448
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at March 31, 2008
|
|
$
|
1
|
|
|
$
|
8
|
|
|
$
|
17,600
|
|
|
$
|
20,526
|
|
|
$
|
(4,108
|
)
|
|
$
|
(1,287
|
)
|
|
$
|
500
|
|
|
$
|
(241
|
)
|
|
$
|
32,999
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to interim condensed consolidated
financial statements.
6
MetLife,
Inc.
Interim
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2008 and 2007
(Unaudited)
(In millions)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
Net cash provided by operating activities
|
|
$
|
3,590
|
|
|
$
|
2,210
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flows from investing activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sales, maturities and repayments of:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed maturity securities
|
|
|
22,117
|
|
|
|
29,349
|
|
Equity securities
|
|
|
351
|
|
|
|
693
|
|
Mortgage and consumer loans
|
|
|
1,832
|
|
|
|
1,757
|
|
Real estate and real estate joint ventures
|
|
|
87
|
|
|
|
151
|
|
Other limited partnership interests
|
|
|
258
|
|
|
|
409
|
|
Purchases of:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed maturity securities
|
|
|
(27,223
|
)
|
|
|
(34,653
|
)
|
Equity securities
|
|
|
(299
|
)
|
|
|
(698
|
)
|
Mortgage and consumer loans
|
|
|
(2,702
|
)
|
|
|
(3,529
|
)
|
Real estate and real estate joint ventures
|
|
|
(311
|
)
|
|
|
(547
|
)
|
Other limited partnership interests
|
|
|
(391
|
)
|
|
|
(496
|
)
|
Net change in short-term investments
|
|
|
49
|
|
|
|
202
|
|
Purchases of businesses, net of cash received of $23 and $0,
respectively
|
|
|
(305
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
Proceeds from sales of businesses
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
25
|
|
Net change in other invested assets
|
|
|
(857
|
)
|
|
|
522
|
|
Net change in policy loans
|
|
|
(320
|
)
|
|
|
51
|
|
Other, net
|
|
|
(24
|
)
|
|
|
(22
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash used in investing activities
|
|
|
(7,738
|
)
|
|
|
(6,786
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flows from financing activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Policyholder account balances:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deposits
|
|
|
13,893
|
|
|
|
12,479
|
|
Withdrawals
|
|
|
(10,546
|
)
|
|
|
(12,315
|
)
|
Net change in payables for collateral under securities loaned
and other transactions
|
|
|
2,513
|
|
|
|
2,294
|
|
Net change in short-term debt
|
|
|
(35
|
)
|
|
|
1,926
|
|
Long-term debt issued
|
|
|
80
|
|
|
|
390
|
|
Long-term debt repaid
|
|
|
(62
|
)
|
|
|
(37
|
)
|
Collateral financing arrangements issued
|
|
|
60
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Dividends on preferred stock
|
|
|
(33
|
)
|
|
|
(34
|
)
|
Treasury stock acquired
|
|
|
(1,250
|
)
|
|
|
(758
|
)
|
Stock options exercised
|
|
|
17
|
|
|
|
29
|
|
Other, net
|
|
|
17
|
|
|
|
40
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by financing activities
|
|
|
4,654
|
|
|
|
4,014
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
506
|
|
|
|
(562
|
)
|
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
|
|
|
10,368
|
|
|
|
7,107
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
|
|
$
|
10,874
|
|
|
$
|
6,545
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash paid during the period for:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest
|
|
$
|
161
|
|
|
$
|
77
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income tax
|
|
$
|
151
|
|
|
$
|
1,231
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-cash transactions during the period:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Business acquisitions:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Assets acquired
|
|
$
|
1,270
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
Cash paid
|
|
|
(328
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities assumed
|
|
$
|
942
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to interim condensed consolidated
financial statements.
7
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
|
|
1.
|
Business,
Basis of Presentation, and Summary of Significant Accounting
Policies
|
Business
“MetLife” or the “Company” refers to
MetLife, Inc., a Delaware corporation incorporated in 1999 (the
“Holding Company”), and its subsidiaries, including
Metropolitan Life Insurance Company (“MLIC”). MetLife
is a leading provider of insurance and other financial services
with operations throughout the United States and the regions of
Latin America, Europe, and Asia Pacific. Through its domestic
and international subsidiaries and affiliates, MetLife offers
life insurance, annuities, automobile and homeowners insurance,
retail banking and other financial services to individuals, as
well as group insurance, reinsurance and retirement &
savings products and services to corporations and other
institutions.
Basis
of Presentation
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of
America (“GAAP”) requires management to adopt
accounting policies and make estimates and assumptions that
affect amounts reported in the unaudited interim condensed
consolidated financial statements. The most critical estimates
include those used in determining:
|
|
|
|
(i)
|
the fair value of investments in the absence of quoted market
values;
|
|
|
(ii)
|
investment impairments;
|
|
|
(iii)
|
the recognition of income on certain investment entities;
|
|
|
(iv)
|
the application of the consolidation rules to certain
investments;
|
|
|
(v)
|
the existence and fair value of embedded derivatives requiring
bifurcation;
|
|
|
(vi)
|
the fair value of and accounting for derivatives;
|
|
|
(vii)
|
the capitalization and amortization of deferred policy
acquisition costs (“DAC”) and the establishment and
amortization of value of business acquired (“VOBA”);
|
|
|
(viii)
|
the measurement of goodwill and related impairment, if any;
|
|
|
(ix)
|
the liability for future policyholder benefits;
|
|
|
(x)
|
accounting for income taxes and the valuation of deferred tax
assets;
|
|
|
(xi)
|
accounting for reinsurance transactions;
|
|
|
(xii)
|
accounting for employee benefit plans; and
|
|
|
|
|
(xiii)
|
the liability for litigation and regulatory matters.
|
In applying the Company’s accounting policies, management
makes subjective and complex judgments that frequently require
estimates about matters that are inherently uncertain. Many of
these policies, estimates and related judgments are common in
the insurance and financial services industries; others are
specific to the Company’s businesses and operations. Actual
results could differ from these estimates.
The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated
financial statements include the accounts of: (i) the
Holding Company and its subsidiaries; (ii) partnerships and
joint ventures in which the Company has control; and
(iii) variable interest entities (“VIEs”) for
which the Company is deemed to be the primary beneficiary.
Closed block assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses are
combined on a
line-by-line
basis with the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses
outside the closed block based on the nature of the particular
item. See Note 5. Intercompany accounts and transactions
have been eliminated.
8
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
The Company uses the equity method of accounting for investments
in equity securities in which it has more than a 20% interest
and for real estate joint ventures and other limited partnership
interests in which it has more than a minor equity interest or
more than a minor influence over the joint venture’s or
partnership’s operations, but does not have a controlling
interest and is not the primary beneficiary. The Company uses
the cost method of accounting for investments in real estate
joint ventures and other limited partnership interests in which
it has a minor equity investment and virtually no influence over
the joint venture’s or the partnership’s operations.
Minority interest related to consolidated entities included in
other liabilities was $1.7 billion and $1.8 billion at
March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively.
The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated
financial statements reflect all adjustments (including normal
recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the
consolidated financial position of the Company at March 31,
2008, its consolidated results of operations for the three
months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, its consolidated cash
flows for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007,
and its consolidated statement of stockholders’ equity for
the three months ended March 31, 2008, in conformity with
GAAP. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of full
year performance. The December 31, 2007 consolidated
balance sheet data was derived from audited consolidated
financial statements included in MetLife’s Annual Report on
Form 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2007 (the “2007 Annual
Report”) filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange
Commission (“SEC”), which includes all disclosures
required by GAAP. Therefore, these interim condensed
consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction
with the consolidated financial statements of the Company
included in the 2007 Annual Report.
Adoption
of New Accounting Pronouncements
Fair
Value
In September 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board
(“FASB”) issued Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards (“SFAS”) No. 157, Fair Value
Measurements (“SFAS 157”). SFAS 157
defines fair value, establishes a consistent framework for
measuring fair value, establishes a fair value hierarchy based
on the observability of inputs used to measure fair value, and
requires enhanced disclosures about fair value measurements.
SFAS 157 defines fair value as the price that would be
received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an
exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the
asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market
participants on the measurement date. In many cases, the exit
price and the transaction (or entry) price will be the same at
initial recognition. However, in certain cases, the transaction
price may not represent fair value. Prior to SFAS 157, the
fair value of a liability was often based on a settlement price
concept, which assumed the liability was extinguished. Under
SFAS 157, fair value is based on the amount that would be
paid to transfer a liability to a third party with the same
credit standing. SFAS 157 requires that fair value be a
market-based measurement in which the fair value is determined
based on a hypothetical transaction at the measurement date,
considered from the perspective of a market participant.
Accordingly, fair value is no longer determined based solely
upon the perspective of the reporting entity. When quoted prices
are not used to determine fair value, SFAS 157 requires
consideration of three broad valuation techniques: (i) the
market approach, (ii) the income approach, and
(iii) the cost approach. The approaches are not new, but
SFAS 157 requires that entities determine the most
appropriate valuation technique to use, given what is being
measured and the availability of sufficient inputs.
SFAS 157 prioritizes the inputs to fair valuation
techniques and allows for the use of unobservable inputs to the
extent that observable inputs are not available. The Company has
categorized its assets and liabilities into a three-level
hierarchy, based on the priority of the inputs to the respective
valuation technique. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest
priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets
or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority
9
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
to unobservable inputs (Level 3). An asset or
liability’s classification within the fair value hierarchy
is based on the lowest level of significant input to its
valuation. SFAS 157 defines the input levels as follows:
|
|
|
|
Level 1
|
Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets
or liabilities.
|
|
|
Level 2
|
Quoted prices in markets that are not active or inputs that are
observable either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs
include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities other
than quoted prices in Level 1; quoted prices in markets
that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can
be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market
data for substantially the full term of the assets or
liabilities.
|
|
|
Level 3
|
Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market
activity and are significant to the fair value of the assets or
liabilities. Unobservable inputs reflect the reporting
entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market
participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.
Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial
instruments whose values are determined using pricing models,
discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as
well as instruments for which the determination of fair value
requires significant management judgment or estimation.
|
Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted
SFAS 157 and applied the provisions of the statement
prospectively to assets and liabilities measured at fair value.
The adoption of SFAS 157 changed the valuation of certain
freestanding derivatives by moving from a mid to bid pricing
convention as it relates to certain volatility inputs as well as
the addition of liquidity adjustments and adjustments for risks
inherent in a particular input or valuation technique. The
adoption of SFAS 157 also changed the valuation of the
Company’s embedded derivatives, most significantly the
valuation of embedded derivatives associated with certain riders
on variable annuity contracts. The change in valuation of
embedded derivatives associated with riders on annuity contracts
resulted from the incorporation of risk margins associated with
non capital market inputs and the inclusion of the
Company’s own credit standing in their valuation. At
January 1, 2008, the impact of adopting SFAS 157 on
assets and liabilities measured at fair value was
$30 million ($19 million, net of income tax) and was
recognized as a change in estimate in the accompanying unaudited
condensed consolidated statement of income where it was
presented in the respective income statement caption to which
the item measured at fair value is presented. There were no
significant changes in fair value of items measured at fair
value and reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income
(loss). The addition of risk margins and the Company’s own
credit spread in the valuation of embedded derivatives
associated with annuity contracts may result in significant
volatility in the Company’s consolidated net income in
future periods. Note 14 presents the fair value of all
assets and liabilities required to be measured at fair value as
well as the expanded fair value disclosures required by
SFAS 157.
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, The
Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities
(“SFAS 159”). SFAS 159 permits entities
the option to measure most financial instruments and certain
other items at fair value at specified election dates and to
recognize related unrealized gains and losses in earnings. The
fair value option is applied on an
instrument-by-instrument
basis upon adoption of the standard, upon the acquisition of an
eligible financial asset, financial liability or firm commitment
or when certain specified reconsideration events occur. The fair
value election is an irrevocable election. Effective
January 1, 2008, the Company elected the fair value option
on fixed maturity and equity securities backing certain pension
products sold in Brazil. Such securities will now be presented
as trading securities in accordance with SFAS No. 115,
Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity
Securities (“SFAS 115”) on the consolidated
balance sheet with subsequent changes in fair value recognized
in net investment income. Previously, these securities were
accounted for as available-for-sale securities in accordance
with SFAS 115 and unrealized gains and losses on these
securities were recorded as a separate component of accumulated
other comprehensive income (loss). The Company’s insurance
joint venture in Japan also elected the fair value option for
certain of its existing single premium deferred annuities and
the assets supporting such liabilities. The fair value option
was elected to achieve improved reporting of the asset/liability
matching associated with these products. Adoption of
SFAS 159 by the Company and its
10
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
Japanese joint venture resulted in an increase in retained
earnings of $27 million, net of income tax, at
January 1, 2008. The election of the fair value option
resulted in the reclassification of $10 million, net of
income tax, of net unrealized gains from accumulated other
comprehensive income (loss) to retained earnings on
January 1, 2008.
Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted FASB Staff
Position (“FSP”)
No. FAS 157-1,
Application of FASB Statement No. 157 to FASB Statement
No. 13 and Other Accounting Pronouncements That Address
Fair Value Measurements for Purposes of Lease Classification or
Measurement under Statement 13
(“FSP 157-1”).
FSP 157-1
amends SFAS 157 to provide a scope out exception for lease
classification and measurement under SFAS No. 13,
Accounting for Leases. The Company also adopted FSP No.
FAS 157-2,
Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157 which
delays the effective date of SFAS 157 for certain
nonfinancial assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair
value on a nonrecurring basis. The effective date is delayed
until January 1, 2009 and impacts balance sheet items
including nonfinancial assets and liabilities in a business
combination and the impairment testing of goodwill and
long-lived assets.
Other
Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted FSP
No. FIN 39-1,
Amendment of FASB Interpretation No. 39
(“FSP 39-1”).
FSP 39-1
amends FASB Interpretation No. 39, Offsetting of
Amounts Related to Certain Contracts
(“FIN 39”), to permit a reporting entity to
offset fair value amounts recognized for the right to reclaim
cash collateral (a receivable) or the obligation to return cash
collateral (a payable) against fair value amounts recognized for
derivative instruments executed with the same counterparty under
the same master netting arrangement that have been offset in
accordance with FIN 39.
FSP 39-1
also amends FIN 39 for certain terminology modifications.
Upon adoption of
FSP 39-1,
the Company did not change its accounting policy of not
offsetting fair value amounts recognized for derivative
instruments under master netting arrangements. The adoption of
FSP 39-1
did not have an impact on the Company’s unaudited interim
condensed consolidated financial statements.
Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted SEC Staff
Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) No. 109, Written
Loan Commitments Recorded at Fair Value through Earnings
(“SAB 109”), which amends
SAB No. 105, Application of Accounting Principles
to Loan Commitments. SAB 109 provides guidance on
(i) incorporating expected net future cash flows when
related to the associated servicing of a loan when measuring
fair value; and (ii) broadening the SEC staff’s view
that internally-developed intangible assets should not be
recorded as part of the fair value of a derivative loan
commitment or to written loan commitments that are accounted for
at fair value through earnings. Internally-developed intangible
assets are not considered a component of the related
instruments. The adoption of SAB 109 did not have an impact
on the Company’s unaudited interim condensed consolidated
financial statements.
Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted
SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments
and Hedging Activities (“SFAS 133”)
Implementation Issue
E-23,
Clarification of the Application of the Shortcut Method
(“Issue
E-23”).
Issue E-23
amended SFAS 133 by permitting interest rate swaps to have
a non-zero fair value at inception when applying the shortcut
method of assessing hedge effectiveness, as long as the
difference between the transaction price (zero) and the fair
value (exit price), as defined by SFAS 157, is solely
attributable to a bid-ask spread. In addition, entities are not
precluded from applying the shortcut method of assessing hedge
effectiveness in a hedging relationship of interest rate risk
involving an interest bearing asset or liability in situations
where the hedged item is not recognized for accounting purposes
until settlement date as long as the period between trade date
and settlement date of the hedged item is consistent with
generally established conventions in the marketplace. The
adoption of Issue
E-23 did not
have an impact on the Company’s unaudited interim condensed
consolidated financial statements.
11
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
Future
Adoption of New Accounting Pronouncements
Business
Combinations
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141
(revised 2007), Business Combinations — A
Replacement of FASB Statement No. 141
(“SFAS 141(r)”) and SFAS No. 160,
Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial
Statements — An Amendment of ARB No. 51
(“SFAS 160”). Under SFAS 141(r) and
SFAS 160:
|
|
|
|
•
|
All business combinations (whether full, partial or
“step” acquisitions) result in all assets and
liabilities of an acquired business being recorded at fair
value, with limited exceptions.
|
|
|
•
|
Acquisition costs are generally expensed as incurred;
restructuring costs associated with a business combination are
generally expensed as incurred subsequent to the acquisition
date.
|
|
|
•
|
The fair value of the purchase price, including the issuance of
equity securities, is determined on the acquisition date.
|
|
|
•
|
Certain acquired contingent liabilities are recorded at fair
value at the acquisition date and subsequently measured at
either the higher of such amount or the amount determined under
existing guidance for non-acquired contingencies.
|
|
|
•
|
Changes in deferred tax asset valuation allowances and income
tax uncertainties after the acquisition date generally affect
income tax expense.
|
|
|
•
|
Noncontrolling interests (formerly known as “minority
interests”) are valued at fair value at the acquisition
date and are presented as equity rather than liabilities.
|
|
|
•
|
When control is attained on previously noncontrolling interests,
the previously held equity interests are remeasured at fair
value and a gain or loss is recognized.
|
|
|
•
|
Purchases or sales of equity interests that do not result in a
change in control are accounted for as equity transactions.
|
|
|
•
|
When control is lost in a partial disposition, realized gains or
losses are recorded on equity ownership sold and the remaining
ownership interest is remeasured and holding gains or losses are
recognized.
|
The pronouncements are effective for fiscal years beginning on
or after December 15, 2008 and apply prospectively to
business combinations. Presentation and disclosure requirements
related to noncontrolling interests must be retrospectively
applied. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of
SFAS 141(r) on its accounting for future acquisitions and
the impact of SFAS 160 on its consolidated financial
statements.
In April 2008, the FASB issued FSP
No. FAS 142-3,
Determination of the Useful Life of Intangible Assets
(“FSP 142-3”).
FSP 142-3
amends the factors that should be considered in developing
renewal or extension assumptions used to determine the useful
life of a recognized intangible asset under
SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
(“SFAS 142”). This change is intended to
improve the consistency between the useful life of a recognized
intangible asset under SFAS 142 and the period of expected
cash flows used to measure the fair value of the asset under
SFAS 141(r) and other GAAP.
FSP 142-3
is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years
beginning after December 15, 2008, and interim periods
within those fiscal years. The requirement for determining
useful lives must be applied prospectively to intangible assets
acquired after the effective date and the disclosure
requirements must be applied prospectively to all intangible
assets recognized as of, and subsequent to, the effective date.
Derivatives
In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161,
Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging
Activities — An Amendment of FASB Statement
No. 133 (“SFAS 161”). SFAS 161
requires enhanced qualitative
12
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
disclosures about objectives and strategies for using
derivatives, quantitative disclosures about fair value amounts
of and gains and losses on derivative instruments, and
disclosures about credit-risk-related contingent features in
derivative agreements. SFAS 161 is effective for financial
statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning
after November 15, 2008. The Company is currently
evaluating the impact of SFAS 161 on its consolidated
financial statements.
Other
In February 2008, the FASB issued FSP
No. FAS 140-3,
Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets and Repurchase
Financing Transactions
(“FSP 140-3”).
FSP 140-3
provides guidance for evaluating whether to account for a
transfer of a financial asset and repurchase financing as a
single transaction or as two separate transactions.
FSP 140-3
is effective prospectively for financial statements issued for
fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008. The Company
is currently evaluating the impact of
FSP 140-3
on its consolidated financial statements.
In December 2007, the FASB ratified as final the consensus on
Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) Issue
No. 07-6,
Accounting for the Sale of Real Estate When the Agreement
Includes a Buy-Sell Clause
(“EITF 07-6”).
EITF 07-6
addresses whether the existence of a buy-sell arrangement would
preclude partial sales treatment when real estate is sold to a
jointly owned entity. The consensus concludes that the existence
of a buy-sell clause does not necessarily preclude partial sale
treatment under current guidance.
EITF 07-6
applies prospectively to new arrangements entered into and
assessments on existing transactions performed in fiscal years
beginning after December 15, 2008. The Company does not
expect the adoption of
EITF 07-6
to have a material impact on its consolidated financial
statements.
In 2008, the Company completed, in its International and
Institutional segments, acquisitions which were accounted for
using the purchase method of accounting. As a result of these
acquisitions, goodwill and other intangible assets increased by
$169 million and $149 million, respectively.
13
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
Fixed
Maturity and Equity Securities Available-for-Sale
The following tables present the cost or amortized cost, gross
unrealized gain and loss, and estimated fair value of the
Company’s fixed maturity and equity securities, the
percentage that each sector represents by the respective total
holdings at:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2008
|
|
|
|
Cost or
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
Gross Unrealized
|
|
|
Estimated
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
|
Cost
|
|
|
Gain
|
|
|
Loss
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
U.S. corporate securities
|
|
$
|
78,251
|
|
|
$
|
1,749
|
|
|
$
|
3,797
|
|
|
$
|
76,203
|
|
|
|
31.2
|
%
|
Residential mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
57,024
|
|
|
|
874
|
|
|
|
1,379
|
|
|
|
56,519
|
|
|
|
23.2
|
|
Foreign corporate securities
|
|
|
37,242
|
|
|
|
1,835
|
|
|
|
1,294
|
|
|
|
37,783
|
|
|
|
15.6
|
|
U.S. Treasury/agency securities
|
|
|
20,246
|
|
|
|
1,855
|
|
|
|
14
|
|
|
|
22,087
|
|
|
|
9.0
|
|
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
19,214
|
|
|
|
121
|
|
|
|
687
|
|
|
|
18,648
|
|
|
|
7.6
|
|
Foreign government securities
|
|
|
13,511
|
|
|
|
1,969
|
|
|
|
131
|
|
|
|
15,349
|
|
|
|
6.3
|
|
Asset-backed securities
|
|
|
12,739
|
|
|
|
49
|
|
|
|
1,210
|
|
|
|
11,578
|
|
|
|
4.7
|
|
State and political subdivision securities
|
|
|
5,726
|
|
|
|
154
|
|
|
|
258
|
|
|
|
5,622
|
|
|
|
2.3
|
|
Other fixed maturity securities
|
|
|
317
|
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
|
28
|
|
|
|
299
|
|
|
|
0.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total fixed maturity securities
|
|
$
|
244,270
|
|
|
$
|
8,616
|
|
|
$
|
8,798
|
|
|
$
|
244,088
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common stock
|
|
$
|
2,540
|
|
|
$
|
390
|
|
|
$
|
167
|
|
|
$
|
2,763
|
|
|
|
49.9
|
%
|
Non-redeemable preferred stock
|
|
|
3,302
|
|
|
|
43
|
|
|
|
575
|
|
|
|
2,770
|
|
|
|
50.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total equity securities
|
|
$
|
5,842
|
|
|
$
|
433
|
|
|
$
|
742
|
|
|
$
|
5,533
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
Cost or
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
Gross Unrealized
|
|
|
Estimated
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
|
Cost
|
|
|
Gain
|
|
|
Loss
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
U.S. corporate securities
|
|
$
|
77,875
|
|
|
$
|
1,725
|
|
|
$
|
2,174
|
|
|
$
|
77,426
|
|
|
|
32.0
|
%
|
Residential mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
56,267
|
|
|
|
611
|
|
|
|
389
|
|
|
|
56,489
|
|
|
|
23.3
|
|
Foreign corporate securities
|
|
|
37,359
|
|
|
|
1,740
|
|
|
|
794
|
|
|
|
38,305
|
|
|
|
15.8
|
|
U.S. Treasury/agency securities
|
|
|
19,771
|
|
|
|
1,487
|
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
|
21,245
|
|
|
|
8.8
|
|
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
17,676
|
|
|
|
251
|
|
|
|
199
|
|
|
|
17,728
|
|
|
|
7.3
|
|
Foreign government securities
|
|
|
13,535
|
|
|
|
1,924
|
|
|
|
188
|
|
|
|
15,271
|
|
|
|
6.3
|
|
Asset-backed securities
|
|
|
11,549
|
|
|
|
41
|
|
|
|
549
|
|
|
|
11,041
|
|
|
|
4.6
|
|
State and political subdivision securities
|
|
|
4,394
|
|
|
|
140
|
|
|
|
115
|
|
|
|
4,419
|
|
|
|
1.8
|
|
Other fixed maturity securities
|
|
|
335
|
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
|
30
|
|
|
|
318
|
|
|
|
0.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total fixed maturity securities
|
|
$
|
238,761
|
|
|
$
|
7,932
|
|
|
$
|
4,451
|
|
|
$
|
242,242
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common stock
|
|
$
|
2,488
|
|
|
$
|
568
|
|
|
$
|
108
|
|
|
$
|
2,948
|
|
|
|
48.7
|
%
|
Non-redeemable preferred stock
|
|
|
3,403
|
|
|
|
61
|
|
|
|
362
|
|
|
|
3,102
|
|
|
|
51.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total equity securities
|
|
$
|
5,891
|
|
|
$
|
629
|
|
|
$
|
470
|
|
|
$
|
6,050
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
14
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
The Company is not exposed to any significant concentrations of
credit risk in its equity securities portfolio. The Company is
exposed to concentrations of credit risk related to
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of
U.S. government and agencies. Additionally, at
March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company had
exposure to fixed maturity securities backed by sub-prime
mortgage loans with estimated fair values of $1.9 billion
and $2.2 billion, respectively, and unrealized losses of
$441 million and $219 million, respectively. These
securities are classified within asset-backed securities in the
immediately preceding tables. At March 31, 2008, 33% of the
asset-backed securities backed by sub-prime mortgage loans have
been guaranteed by financial guarantee insurers, of which 57%
were guaranteed by financial guarantee insurers who are Aaa
rated.
Overall, at March 31, 2008, $7.1 billion of the
estimated fair value of the Company’s fixed maturity
securities were credit enhanced by financial guarantee insurers
of which $3.0 billion, $2.6 billion and
$1.5 billion, are included within state and political
subdivisions, U.S. corporate securities and asset-backed
securities, respectively, and 80% were guaranteed by financial
guarantee insurers who are Aaa rated.
Unrealized
Loss for Fixed Maturity and Equity Securities
Available-for-Sale
The following tables present the estimated fair value and gross
unrealized loss of the Company’s fixed maturity (aggregated
by sector) and equity securities in an unrealized loss position,
aggregated by length of time that the securities have been in a
continuous unrealized loss position at:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equal to or Greater
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less than 12 months
|
|
|
than 12 months
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
Estimated
|
|
|
Gross
|
|
|
Estimated
|
|
|
Gross
|
|
|
Estimated
|
|
|
Gross
|
|
|
|
Fair
|
|
|
Unrealized
|
|
|
Fair
|
|
|
Unrealized
|
|
|
Fair
|
|
|
Unrealized
|
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Loss
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Loss
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Loss
|
|
|
|
(In millions, except number of securities)
|
|
|
U.S. corporate securities
|
|
$
|
31,829
|
|
|
$
|
2,510
|
|
|
$
|
12,137
|
|
|
$
|
1,287
|
|
|
$
|
43,966
|
|
|
$
|
3,797
|
|
Residential mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
20,398
|
|
|
|
1,157
|
|
|
|
2,254
|
|
|
|
222
|
|
|
|
22,652
|
|
|
|
1,379
|
|
Foreign corporate securities
|
|
|
11,446
|
|
|
|
823
|
|
|
|
5,352
|
|
|
|
471
|
|
|
|
16,798
|
|
|
|
1,294
|
|
U.S. Treasury/agency securities
|
|
|
692
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
260
|
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
|
952
|
|
|
|
14
|
|
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
9,338
|
|
|
|
355
|
|
|
|
3,982
|
|
|
|
332
|
|
|
|
13,320
|
|
|
|
687
|
|
Foreign government securities
|
|
|
2,118
|
|
|
|
108
|
|
|
|
433
|
|
|
|
23
|
|
|
|
2,551
|
|
|
|
131
|
|
Asset-backed securities
|
|
|
8,641
|
|
|
|
886
|
|
|
|
1,439
|
|
|
|
324
|
|
|
|
10,080
|
|
|
|
1,210
|
|
State and political subdivision securities
|
|
|
1,886
|
|
|
|
206
|
|
|
|
461
|
|
|
|
52
|
|
|
|
2,347
|
|
|
|
258
|
|
Other fixed maturity securities
|
|
|
38
|
|
|
|
28
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
39
|
|
|
|
28
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total fixed maturity securities
|
|
$
|
86,386
|
|
|
$
|
6,077
|
|
|
$
|
26,319
|
|
|
$
|
2,721
|
|
|
$
|
112,705
|
|
|
$
|
8,798
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity securities
|
|
$
|
2,347
|
|
|
$
|
511
|
|
|
$
|
827
|
|
|
$
|
231
|
|
|
$
|
3,174
|
|
|
$
|
742
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total number of securities in an unrealized loss position
|
|
|
8,576
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,627
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
15
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equal to or Greater
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less than 12 months
|
|
|
than 12 months
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
Estimated
|
|
|
Gross
|
|
|
Estimated
|
|
|
Gross
|
|
|
Estimated
|
|
|
Gross
|
|
|
|
Fair
|
|
|
Unrealized
|
|
|
Fair
|
|
|
Unrealized
|
|
|
Fair
|
|
|
Unrealized
|
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Loss
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Loss
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Loss
|
|
|
|
(In millions, except number of securities)
|
|
|
U.S. corporate securities
|
|
$
|
29,237
|
|
|
$
|
1,431
|
|
|
$
|
12,119
|
|
|
$
|
743
|
|
|
$
|
41,356
|
|
|
$
|
2,174
|
|
Residential mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
14,404
|
|
|
|
279
|
|
|
|
6,195
|
|
|
|
110
|
|
|
|
20,599
|
|
|
|
389
|
|
Foreign corporate securities
|
|
|
11,189
|
|
|
|
484
|
|
|
|
6,321
|
|
|
|
310
|
|
|
|
17,510
|
|
|
|
794
|
|
U.S. Treasury/agency securities
|
|
|
432
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
625
|
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
|
1,057
|
|
|
|
13
|
|
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
2,518
|
|
|
|
102
|
|
|
|
3,797
|
|
|
|
97
|
|
|
|
6,315
|
|
|
|
199
|
|
Foreign government securities
|
|
|
3,593
|
|
|
|
161
|
|
|
|
515
|
|
|
|
27
|
|
|
|
4,108
|
|
|
|
188
|
|
Asset-backed securities
|
|
|
7,627
|
|
|
|
442
|
|
|
|
1,271
|
|
|
|
107
|
|
|
|
8,898
|
|
|
|
549
|
|
State and political subdivision securities
|
|
|
1,334
|
|
|
|
81
|
|
|
|
476
|
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
|
1,810
|
|
|
|
115
|
|
Other fixed maturity securities
|
|
|
91
|
|
|
|
30
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
92
|
|
|
|
30
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total fixed maturity securities
|
|
$
|
70,425
|
|
|
$
|
3,013
|
|
|
$
|
31,320
|
|
|
$
|
1,438
|
|
|
$
|
101,745
|
|
|
$
|
4,451
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity securities
|
|
$
|
2,771
|
|
|
$
|
398
|
|
|
$
|
543
|
|
|
$
|
72
|
|
|
$
|
3,314
|
|
|
$
|
470
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total number of securities in an unrealized loss position
|
|
|
8,395
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,063
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aging
of Gross Unrealized Loss for Fixed Maturity and Equity
Securities Available-for-Sale
The following tables present the cost or amortized cost, gross
unrealized loss and number of securities for fixed maturity and
equity securities, where the estimated fair value had declined
and remained below cost or amortized cost by less than 20% or
20% or more at:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2008
|
|
|
|
Cost or Amortized Cost
|
|
|
Gross Unrealized Loss
|
|
|
Number of Securities
|
|
|
|
Less than
|
|
|
20% or
|
|
|
Less than
|
|
|
20% or
|
|
|
Less than
|
|
|
20% or
|
|
|
|
20%
|
|
|
more
|
|
|
20%
|
|
|
more
|
|
|
20%
|
|
|
more
|
|
|
|
(In millions, except number of securities)
|
|
|
Less than six months
|
|
$
|
63,587
|
|
|
$
|
11,531
|
|
|
$
|
2,543
|
|
|
$
|
3,091
|
|
|
|
6,096
|
|
|
|
1,399
|
|
Six months or greater but less than nine months
|
|
|
11,734
|
|
|
|
146
|
|
|
|
883
|
|
|
|
66
|
|
|
|
993
|
|
|
|
50
|
|
Nine months or greater but less than twelve months
|
|
|
11,948
|
|
|
|
20
|
|
|
|
999
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
1,029
|
|
|
|
49
|
|
Twelve months or greater
|
|
|
26,407
|
|
|
|
46
|
|
|
|
1,937
|
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
|
2,261
|
|
|
|
92
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
113,676
|
|
|
$
|
11,743
|
|
|
$
|
6,362
|
|
|
$
|
3,178
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
Cost or Amortized Cost
|
|
|
Gross Unrealized Loss
|
|
|
Number of Securities
|
|
|
|
Less than
|
|
|
20% or
|
|
|
Less than
|
|
|
20% or
|
|
|
Less than
|
|
|
20% or
|
|
|
|
20%
|
|
|
more
|
|
|
20%
|
|
|
more
|
|
|
20%
|
|
|
more
|
|
|
|
(In millions, except number of securities)
|
|
|
Less than six months
|
|
$
|
49,463
|
|
|
$
|
1,943
|
|
|
$
|
1,670
|
|
|
$
|
555
|
|
|
|
6,339
|
|
|
|
644
|
|
Six months or greater but less than nine months
|
|
|
17,353
|
|
|
|
23
|
|
|
|
844
|
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
|
1,461
|
|
|
|
31
|
|
Nine months or greater but less than twelve months
|
|
|
9,410
|
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
|
568
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
791
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
Twelve months or greater
|
|
|
31,731
|
|
|
|
50
|
|
|
|
1,262
|
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
|
3,192
|
|
|
|
32
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
107,957
|
|
|
$
|
2,023
|
|
|
$
|
4,344
|
|
|
$
|
577
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
16
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
At March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007,
$6.4 billion and $4.3 billion, respectively, of
unrealized losses related to securities with an unrealized loss
position of less than 20% of cost or amortized cost, which
represented 6% and 4%, respectively, of the cost or amortized
cost of such securities.
At March 31, 2008, $3.2 billion of unrealized losses
related to securities with an unrealized loss position of 20% or
more of cost or amortized cost, which represented 27% of the
cost or amortized cost of such securities. Of such unrealized
losses of $3.2 billion, $3.1 billion related to
securities that were in an unrealized loss position for a period
of less than six months. At December 31, 2007,
$577 million of unrealized losses related to securities
with an unrealized loss position of 20% or more of cost or
amortized cost, which represented 29% of the cost or amortized
cost of such securities. Of such unrealized losses of
$577 million, $555 million related to securities that
were in an unrealized loss position for a period of less than
six months.
The Company held 140 fixed maturity and equity securities, each
with a gross unrealized loss at March 31, 2008 of greater
than $10 million. These securities represented 23%, or
$2.2 billion in the aggregate, of the gross unrealized loss
on fixed maturity and equity securities. The Company held 30
fixed maturity and equity securities, each with a gross
unrealized loss at December 31, 2007 of greater than
$10 million. These securities represented 9%, or
$459 million in the aggregate, of the gross unrealized loss
on fixed maturity and equity securities.
At March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company
had $9.5 billion and $4.9 billion, respectively, of
gross unrealized losses related to its fixed maturity and equity
securities. These securities are concentrated, calculated as a
percentage of gross unrealized loss, as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
Sector:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U.S. corporate securities
|
|
|
40
|
%
|
|
|
44
|
%
|
Foreign corporate securities
|
|
|
14
|
|
|
|
16
|
|
Asset-backed securities
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
|
11
|
|
Residential mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
Foreign government securities
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
Other
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Industry:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Finance
|
|
|
32
|
%
|
|
|
34
|
%
|
Industrial
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
18
|
|
Mortgage-backed
|
|
|
22
|
|
|
|
12
|
|
Utility
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
Government
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
Consumer
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
Other
|
|
|
26
|
|
|
|
21
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As disclosed in Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements included in the 2007 Annual Report, the
Company performs a regular evaluation, on a
security-by-security
basis, of its investment holdings in accordance with its
impairment policy in order to evaluate whether such securities
are other-than-temporarily impaired. One of the criteria which
the Company considers in its other-than-temporary impairment
analysis is its intent and ability to hold securities for a
period of time sufficient to allow for the recovery of their
value to an
17
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
amount equal to or greater than cost or amortized cost. The
Company’s intent and ability to hold securities considers
broad portfolio management objectives such as asset/liability
duration management, issuer and industry segment exposures,
interest rate views and the overall total return focus. In
following these portfolio management objectives, changes in
facts and circumstances that were present in past reporting
periods may trigger a decision to sell securities that were held
in prior reporting periods. Decisions to sell are based on
current conditions or the Company’s need to shift the
portfolio to maintain its portfolio management objectives
including liquidity needs or duration targets on asset/liability
managed portfolios. The Company attempts to anticipate these
types of changes and if a sale decision has been made on an
impaired security and that security is not expected to recover
prior to the expected time of sale, the security will be deemed
other-than-temporarily impaired in the period that the sale
decision was made and an other-than-temporary impairment loss
will be recognized.
Based upon the Company’s current evaluation of the
securities in accordance with its impairment policy, the cause
of the decline being attributable to a rise in market rates
caused principally by a current widening of credit spreads which
resulted from a lack of market liquidity and a short-term market
dislocation versus a long-term deterioration in credit quality,
and the Company’s current intent and ability to hold the
fixed maturity and equity securities with unrealized losses for
a period of time sufficient for them to recover, the Company has
concluded that the aforementioned securities are not
other-than-temporarily impaired.
Securities
Lending
The Company participates in a securities lending program whereby
blocks of securities, which are included in fixed maturity and
equity securities, are loaned to third parties, primarily major
brokerage firms. The Company requires a minimum of 102% of the
fair value of the loaned securities to be separately maintained
as collateral for the loans. Securities with a cost or amortized
cost of $43.1 billion and $41.1 billion and an
estimated fair value of $44.2 billion and
$42.1 billion were on loan under the program at
March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively.
Securities loaned under such transactions may be sold or
repledged by the transferee. The Company was liable for cash
collateral under its control of $45.1 billion and
$43.3 billion at March 31, 2008 and December 31,
2007, respectively. Security collateral of $19 million and
$40 million on deposit from customers in connection with
the securities lending transactions at March 31, 2008 and
December 31, 2007, respectively, may not be sold or
repledged and is not reflected in the unaudited interim
condensed consolidated financial statements.
18
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
Net
Investment Income
The components of net investment income are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Fixed maturity securities
|
|
$
|
3,637
|
|
|
$
|
3,598
|
|
Equity securities
|
|
|
71
|
|
|
|
40
|
|
Mortgage and consumer loans
|
|
|
715
|
|
|
|
675
|
|
Policy loans
|
|
|
165
|
|
|
|
157
|
|
Real estate and real estate joint ventures
|
|
|
177
|
|
|
|
235
|
|
Other limited partnership interests
|
|
|
132
|
|
|
|
311
|
|
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments
|
|
|
111
|
|
|
|
147
|
|
Other
|
|
|
112
|
|
|
|
153
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total investment income
|
|
|
5,120
|
|
|
|
5,316
|
|
Less: Investment expenses
|
|
|
612
|
|
|
|
795
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net investment income
|
|
$
|
4,508
|
|
|
$
|
4,521
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
Investment Gains (Losses)
The components of net investment gains (losses) are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Fixed maturity securities
|
|
$
|
(204
|
)
|
|
$
|
(92
|
)
|
Equity securities
|
|
|
(10
|
)
|
|
|
62
|
|
Mortgage and consumer loans
|
|
|
(27
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
Real estate and real estate joint ventures
|
|
|
(2
|
)
|
|
|
2
|
|
Other limited partnership interests
|
|
|
(3
|
)
|
|
|
2
|
|
Derivatives
|
|
|
(523
|
)
|
|
|
(51
|
)
|
Other
|
|
|
(117
|
)
|
|
|
39
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net investment gains (losses)
|
|
$
|
(886
|
)
|
|
$
|
(38
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Company periodically disposes of fixed maturity and equity
securities at a loss. Generally, such losses are insignificant
in amount or in relation to the cost basis of the investment,
are attributable to declines in fair value occurring in the
period of the disposition or are as a result of
management’s decision to sell securities based on current
conditions or the Company’s need to shift the portfolio to
maintain its portfolio management objectives.
Losses from fixed maturity and equity securities deemed
other-than-temporarily impaired, included within net investment
gains (losses), were $140 million and $3 million for
the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007,
respectively.
Trading
Securities
The Company has a trading securities portfolio to support
investment strategies that involve the active and frequent
purchase and sale of securities, the execution of short sale
agreements and asset and liability matching
19
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
strategies for certain insurance products. Trading securities
and short sale agreement liabilities are recorded at fair value
with subsequent changes in fair value recognized in net
investment income related to fixed maturity securities.
At March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, trading
securities were $808 million and $779 million,
respectively, and liabilities associated with the short sale
agreements in the trading securities portfolio, which were
included in other liabilities, were $29 million and
$107 million, respectively. The Company had pledged
$282 million and $407 million of its assets, primarily
consisting of trading securities, as collateral to secure the
liabilities associated with the short sale agreements in the
trading securities portfolio at March 31, 2008 and
December 31, 2007, respectively.
During the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007,
interest and dividends earned on trading securities in addition
to the net realized and unrealized gains (losses) recognized on
the trading securities and the related short sale agreement
liabilities included within net investment income totaled
($51) million, and $15 million, respectively. Included
within unrealized gains (losses) on such trading securities and
short sale agreement liabilities are changes in fair value of
($42) million and $8 million for the three months
ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
|
|
4.
|
Derivative
Financial Instruments
|
Types
of Derivative Financial Instruments
The following table presents the notional amount and current
market or fair value of derivative financial instruments,
excluding embedded derivatives, held at:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2008
|
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current Market
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current Market
|
|
|
|
Notional
|
|
|
or Fair Value
|
|
|
Notional
|
|
|
or Fair Value
|
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Assets
|
|
|
Liabilities
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Assets
|
|
|
Liabilities
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Interest rate swaps
|
|
$
|
39,144
|
|
|
$
|
1,355
|
|
|
$
|
1,488
|
|
|
$
|
62,519
|
|
|
$
|
785
|
|
|
$
|
768
|
|
Interest rate floors
|
|
|
48,517
|
|
|
|
866
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
48,937
|
|
|
|
621
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Interest rate caps
|
|
|
26,826
|
|
|
|
18
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
45,498
|
|
|
|
50
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Financial futures
|
|
|
8,070
|
|
|
|
14
|
|
|
|
20
|
|
|
|
10,817
|
|
|
|
89
|
|
|
|
57
|
|
Foreign currency swaps
|
|
|
21,414
|
|
|
|
2,034
|
|
|
|
2,023
|
|
|
|
21,399
|
|
|
|
1,480
|
|
|
|
1,724
|
|
Foreign currency forwards
|
|
|
5,456
|
|
|
|
91
|
|
|
|
80
|
|
|
|
4,185
|
|
|
|
76
|
|
|
|
16
|
|
Options
|
|
|
2,610
|
|
|
|
1,094
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
2,043
|
|
|
|
713
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
Financial forwards
|
|
|
12,300
|
|
|
|
141
|
|
|
|
12
|
|
|
|
4,600
|
|
|
|
122
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
Credit default swaps
|
|
|
3,169
|
|
|
|
62
|
|
|
|
31
|
|
|
|
6,850
|
|
|
|
58
|
|
|
|
35
|
|
Synthetic GICs
|
|
|
3,888
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
3,670
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Other
|
|
|
353
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
250
|
|
|
|
43
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
171,747
|
|
|
$
|
5,678
|
|
|
$
|
3,656
|
|
|
$
|
210,768
|
|
|
$
|
4,037
|
|
|
$
|
2,603
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The above table does not include notional amounts for equity
futures, equity variance swaps, and equity options. At
March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company
owned 8,621 and 4,658 equity future contracts, respectively.
Fair values of equity futures are included in financial futures
in the preceding table. At March 31, 2008 and
December 31, 2007, the Company owned 754,562 and 695,485
equity variance swaps, respectively. Fair values of equity
variance swaps are included in financial forwards in the
preceding table. At March 31, 2008 and December 31,
2007, the Company owned 79,725,122 and 77,374,937 equity
options, respectively. Fair values of equity options are
included in options in the preceding table.
20
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
This information should be read in conjunction with Note 4
of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in
the 2007 Annual Report.
The Company commenced the use of inflation swaps during the
first quarter of 2008. Inflation swaps are used as an economic
hedge to reduce inflation risk generated from inflation-indexed
liabilities. Inflation swaps are included in other in the
preceding table.
Hedging
The following table presents the notional amount and fair value
of derivatives by type of hedge designation at:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2008
|
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
Notional
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
|
Notional
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Assets
|
|
|
Liabilities
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Assets
|
|
|
Liabilities
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Fair value
|
|
$
|
9,958
|
|
|
$
|
1,063
|
|
|
$
|
158
|
|
|
$
|
10,006
|
|
|
$
|
650
|
|
|
$
|
99
|
|
Cash flow
|
|
|
4,656
|
|
|
|
185
|
|
|
|
361
|
|
|
|
4,717
|
|
|
|
161
|
|
|
|
321
|
|
Foreign Operations
|
|
|
2,789
|
|
|
|
16
|
|
|
|
117
|
|
|
|
1,872
|
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
|
119
|
|
Non-qualifying
|
|
|
154,344
|
|
|
|
4,414
|
|
|
|
3,020
|
|
|
|
194,173
|
|
|
|
3,215
|
|
|
|
2,064
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
171,747
|
|
|
$
|
5,678
|
|
|
$
|
3,656
|
|
|
$
|
210,768
|
|
|
$
|
4,037
|
|
|
$
|
2,603
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following table presents the settlement payments recorded in
income for the:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Qualifying hedges:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net investment income
|
|
$
|
(2
|
)
|
|
$
|
9
|
|
Interest credited to policyholder account balances
|
|
|
21
|
|
|
|
(11
|
)
|
Other expenses
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
Non-qualifying hedges:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net investment income
|
|
|
(2
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
Net investment gains (losses)
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
62
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
25
|
|
|
$
|
61
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair
Value Hedges
The Company designates and accounts for the following as fair
value hedges when they have met the requirements of
SFAS 133: (i) interest rate swaps to convert fixed
rate investments to floating rate investments; and
(ii) foreign currency swaps to hedge the foreign currency
fair value exposure of foreign currency denominated investments
and liabilities.
21
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
The Company recognized net investment gains (losses)
representing the ineffective portion of all fair value hedges as
follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Changes in the fair value of derivatives
|
|
$
|
345
|
|
|
$
|
(13
|
)
|
Changes in the fair value of the items hedged
|
|
|
(340
|
)
|
|
|
14
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net ineffectiveness of fair value hedging activities
|
|
$
|
5
|
|
|
$
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All components of each derivative’s gain or loss were
included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness. There were no
instances in which the Company discontinued fair value hedge
accounting due to a hedged firm commitment no longer qualifying
as a fair value hedge.
Cash
Flow Hedges
The Company designates and accounts for the following as cash
flow hedges when they have met the requirements of
SFAS 133: (i) interest rate swaps to convert floating
rate investments to fixed rate investments; (ii) interest
rate swaps to convert floating rate liabilities to fixed rate
liabilities; and (iii) foreign currency swaps to hedge the
foreign currency cash flow exposure of foreign currency
denominated investments and liabilities.
For the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, the
Company did not recognize any net investment gains (losses)
which represented the ineffective portion of all cash flow
hedges. All components of each derivative’s gain or loss
were included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness. In
certain instances, the Company discontinued cash flow hedge
accounting because the forecasted transactions did not occur on
the anticipated date or in the additional time period permitted
by SFAS 133. The net amounts reclassified into net
investment gains (losses) for the three months ended
March 31, 2008 and 2007 related to such discontinued cash
flow hedges were losses of $4 million and $3 million,
respectively. There were no hedged forecasted transactions,
other than the receipt or payment of variable interest payments,
for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007.
The following table presents the components of other
comprehensive income (loss), before income tax, related to cash
flow hedges:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Other comprehensive income (loss) balance at the beginning of
the period
|
|
$
|
(270
|
)
|
|
$
|
(208
|
)
|
Gains (losses) deferred in other comprehensive income (loss) on
the effective portion of cash flow hedges
|
|
|
(35
|
)
|
|
|
(24
|
)
|
Amounts reclassified to net investment gains (losses)
|
|
|
(58
|
)
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
Amounts reclassified to net investment income
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
5
|
|
Amortization of transition adjustment
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other comprehensive income (loss) balance at the end of the
period
|
|
$
|
(361
|
)
|
|
$
|
(229
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At March 31, 2008, $21 million of the deferred net
loss on derivatives accumulated in other comprehensive income
(loss) is expected to be reclassified to earnings within the
next 12 months.
22
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
Hedges
of Net Investments in Foreign Operations
The Company uses forward exchange contracts, foreign currency
swaps, options and non-derivative financial instruments to hedge
portions of its net investments in foreign operations against
adverse movements in exchange rates. The Company measures
ineffectiveness on the forward exchange contracts based upon the
change in forward rates. There was no ineffectiveness recorded
for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007.
The Company’s consolidated statement of stockholders’
equity for the three months ended March 31, 2008 includes
losses of $5 million related to foreign currency contracts
and non-derivative financial instruments used to hedge its net
investments in foreign operations. At March 31, 2008 and
December 31, 2007, the cumulative foreign currency
translation loss recorded in accumulated other comprehensive
income (loss) related to these hedges was $374 million and
$369 million, respectively. When net investments in foreign
operations are sold or substantially liquidated, the amounts in
accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) are reclassified
to the consolidated statements of income, while a pro rata
portion will be reclassified upon partial sale of the net
investments in foreign operations.
Non-qualifying
Derivatives and Derivatives for Purposes Other Than
Hedging
The Company enters into the following derivatives that do not
qualify for hedge accounting under SFAS 133 or for purposes
other than hedging: (i) interest rate swaps, purchased caps
and floors, and interest rate futures to economically hedge its
exposure to interest rates; (ii) foreign currency forwards,
swaps and option contracts to economically hedge its exposure to
adverse movements in exchange rates; (iii) credit default
swaps to economically hedge exposure to adverse movements in
credit; (iv) equity futures, equity index options, interest
rate futures and equity variance swaps to economically hedge
liabilities embedded in certain variable annuity products;
(v) swap spread locks to economically hedge invested assets
against the risk of changes in credit spreads;
(vi) financial forwards to buy and sell securities;
(vii) synthetic guaranteed interest contracts;
(viii) credit default swaps and total rate of return swaps
to synthetically create investments; (ix) basis swaps to
better match the cash flows of assets and related liabilities;
(x) credit default swaps held in relation to trading
portfolios; (xi) swaptions to hedge interest rate risk; and
(xii) inflation swaps to reduce risk generated from
inflation-indexed liabilities.
The following table presents changes in fair value related to
derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Net investment gains (losses), excluding embedded derivatives
|
|
$
|
66
|
|
|
$
|
(173
|
)
|
Policyholder benefits and claims
|
|
$
|
57
|
|
|
$
|
(1
|
)
|
Net investment income (1)
|
|
$
|
76
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Changes in fair value related to economic hedges of equity
method investments in joint ventures that do not qualify for
hedge accounting and changes in fair value related to
derivatives held in relation to trading portfolios. |
Embedded
Derivatives
The Company has certain embedded derivatives that are required
to be separated from their host contracts and accounted for as
derivatives. These host contracts principally include: variable
annuities with guaranteed minimum withdrawal, guaranteed minimum
accumulation and certain guaranteed minimum income riders;
guaranteed investment contracts with equity or bond indexing
crediting rates; assumed reinsurance on equity indexed annuities
and those related to funds withheld on assumed reinsurance.
23
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
The following table presents the fair value of the
Company’s embedded derivatives at:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Net embedded derivatives within asset host contracts
|
|
$
|
(161
|
)
|
|
$
|
(29
|
)
|
Net embedded derivatives within liability host contracts
|
|
$
|
1,386
|
|
|
$
|
879
|
|
The following table presents changes in fair value related to
embedded derivatives:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Net investment gains (losses)
|
|
$
|
(579
|
)
|
|
$
|
53
|
|
Interest credited to policyholder account balances
|
|
$
|
(20
|
)
|
|
$
|
(9
|
)
|
Other expenses
|
|
$
|
7
|
|
|
$
|
1
|
|
Credit
Risk
The Company may be exposed to credit-related losses in the event
of nonperformance by counterparties to derivative financial
instruments. Generally, the current credit exposure of the
Company’s derivative contracts is limited to the fair value
at the reporting date. The credit exposure of the Company’s
derivative transactions is represented by the fair value of
contracts with a net positive fair value at the reporting date.
The Company manages its credit risk related to over-the-counter
derivatives by entering into transactions with creditworthy
counterparties, maintaining collateral arrangements and through
the use of master agreements that provide for a single net
payment to be made by one counterparty to another at each due
date and upon termination. Because exchange traded futures are
effected through regulated exchanges, and positions are marked
to market on a daily basis, the Company has minimal exposure to
credit-related losses in the event of nonperformance by
counterparties to such derivative instruments.
The Company enters into various collateral arrangements, which
require both the pledging and accepting of collateral in
connection with its derivative instruments. As of March 31,
2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company was obligated to
return cash collateral under its control of $1,511 million
and $833 million, respectively. This unrestricted cash
collateral is included in cash and cash equivalents and the
obligation to return it is included in payables for collateral
under securities loaned and other transactions in the
consolidated balance sheets. As of March 31, 2008 and
December 31, 2007, the Company had also accepted collateral
consisting of various securities with a fair market value of
$860 million and $678 million, respectively, which are
held in separate custodial accounts. The Company is permitted by
contract to sell or repledge this collateral, but as of
March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, none of the
collateral had been sold or repledged.
As of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the
Company provided collateral of $346 million and
$162 million, respectively, which is included in fixed
maturity securities in the consolidated balance sheets. In
addition, the Company has exchange traded futures, which require
the pledging of collateral. As of March 31, 2008 and
December 31, 2007, the Company pledged collateral of
$206 million and $167 million, respectively, which is
included in fixed maturity securities. The counterparties are
permitted by contract to sell or repledge this collateral. As of
March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company
provided cash collateral of $82 million and
$102 million, respectively, which is included in premiums
and other receivables in the consolidated balance sheet.
24
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
On April 7, 2000, (the “Demutualization Date”),
MLIC converted from a mutual life insurance company to a stock
life insurance company and became a wholly-owned subsidiary of
MetLife, Inc. The conversion was pursuant to an order by the New
York Superintendent of Insurance approving MLIC’s plan of
reorganization, as amended (the “Plan”). On the
Demutualization Date, MLIC established a closed block for the
benefit of holders of certain individual life insurance policies
of MLIC.
Information regarding the closed block liabilities and assets
designated to the closed block is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Closed Block Liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Future policy benefits
|
|
$
|
43,328
|
|
|
$
|
43,362
|
|
Other policyholder funds
|
|
|
324
|
|
|
|
323
|
|
Policyholder dividends payable
|
|
|
733
|
|
|
|
709
|
|
Policyholder dividend obligation
|
|
|
119
|
|
|
|
789
|
|
Payables for collateral under securities loaned and other
transactions
|
|
|
6,308
|
|
|
|
5,610
|
|
Other liabilities
|
|
|
393
|
|
|
|
290
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total closed block liabilities
|
|
|
51,205
|
|
|
|
51,083
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Assets Designated to the Closed Block
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investments:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale, at estimated fair
value (amortized cost: $30,412 and $29,631, respectively)
|
|
|
30,900
|
|
|
|
30,481
|
|
Equity securities available-for-sale, at estimated fair value
(cost: $1,578 and $1,555, respectively)
|
|
|
1,739
|
|
|
|
1,875
|
|
Mortgage loans on real estate
|
|
|
7,367
|
|
|
|
7,472
|
|
Policy loans
|
|
|
4,297
|
|
|
|
4,290
|
|
Real estate and real estate joint ventures held-for-investment
|
|
|
305
|
|
|
|
297
|
|
Short-term investments
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
|
14
|
|
Other invested assets
|
|
|
855
|
|
|
|
829
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total investments
|
|
|
45,473
|
|
|
|
45,258
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
350
|
|
|
|
333
|
|
Accrued investment income
|
|
|
461
|
|
|
|
485
|
|
Deferred income tax assets
|
|
|
610
|
|
|
|
640
|
|
Premiums and other receivables
|
|
|
140
|
|
|
|
151
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets designated to the closed block
|
|
|
47,034
|
|
|
|
46,867
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Excess of closed block liabilities over assets designated to the
closed block
|
|
|
4,171
|
|
|
|
4,216
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive income
(loss):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealized investment gains (losses), net of income tax of $232
and $424, respectively
|
|
|
422
|
|
|
|
751
|
|
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net of
income tax of ($23) and ($19), respectively
|
|
|
(39
|
)
|
|
|
(33
|
)
|
Allocated to policyholder dividend obligation, net of income tax
of ($43) and ($284), respectively
|
|
|
(76
|
)
|
|
|
(505
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive income
(loss)
|
|
|
307
|
|
|
|
213
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Maximum future earnings to be recognized from closed block
assets and liabilities
|
|
$
|
4,478
|
|
|
$
|
4,429
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Information regarding the closed block policyholder dividend
obligation is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
Year Ended
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2008
|
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Balance at beginning of period
|
|
$
|
789
|
|
|
$
|
1,063
|
|
Change in unrealized investment
and derivative gains (losses)
|
|
|
(670
|
)
|
|
|
(274
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at end of period
|
|
$
|
119
|
|
|
$
|
789
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
25
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
Information regarding the closed block revenues and expenses is
as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Revenues
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Premiums
|
|
$
|
651
|
|
|
$
|
676
|
|
Net investment income and other
revenues
|
|
|
564
|
|
|
|
583
|
|
Net investment gains (losses)
|
|
|
(65
|
)
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues
|
|
|
1,150
|
|
|
|
1,272
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Policyholder benefits and claims
|
|
|
803
|
|
|
|
808
|
|
Policyholder dividends
|
|
|
371
|
|
|
|
367
|
|
Other expenses
|
|
|
56
|
|
|
|
59
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total expenses
|
|
|
1,230
|
|
|
|
1,234
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues, net of expenses before
income tax
|
|
|
(80
|
)
|
|
|
38
|
|
Income tax
|
|
|
(31
|
)
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues, net of expenses and
income tax
|
|
$
|
(49
|
)
|
|
$
|
25
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The change in the maximum future earnings of the closed block is
as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Balance at end of period
|
|
$
|
4,478
|
|
|
$
|
4,451
|
|
Less:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cumulative effect of a change in
accounting principle, net of income tax
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(4
|
)
|
Balance at beginning of period
|
|
|
4,429
|
|
|
|
4,480
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change during period
|
|
$
|
49
|
|
|
$
|
(25
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MLIC charges the closed block with federal income taxes, state
and local premium taxes, and other additive state or local
taxes, as well as investment management expenses relating to the
closed block as provided in the Plan. MLIC also charges the
closed block for expenses of maintaining the policies included
in the closed block.
26
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
Insurance
Liabilities
Insurance liabilities are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Future Policy Benefits
|
|
|
Policyholder Account Balances
|
|
|
Other Policyholder Funds
|
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Institutional
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Group life
|
|
$
|
3,370
|
|
|
$
|
3,326
|
|
|
$
|
14,267
|
|
|
$
|
13,997
|
|
|
$
|
2,518
|
|
|
$
|
2,364
|
|
Retirement & savings
|
|
|
38,273
|
|
|
|
37,947
|
|
|
|
54,380
|
|
|
|
51,586
|
|
|
|
214
|
|
|
|
213
|
|
Non-medical health & other
|
|
|
10,785
|
|
|
|
10,617
|
|
|
|
516
|
|
|
|
501
|
|
|
|
588
|
|
|
|
597
|
|
Individual
Traditional life
|
|
|
52,572
|
|
|
|
52,493
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1,481
|
|
|
|
1,480
|
|
Universal variable life
|
|
|
1,034
|
|
|
|
985
|
|
|
|
15,037
|
|
|
|
14,898
|
|
|
|
1,609
|
|
|
|
1,572
|
|
Annuities
|
|
|
3,126
|
|
|
|
3,063
|
|
|
|
37,998
|
|
|
|
37,807
|
|
|
|
74
|
|
|
|
76
|
|
Other
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
2,472
|
|
|
|
2,410
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Auto & Home
|
|
|
3,217
|
|
|
|
3,273
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
40
|
|
|
|
51
|
|
International
|
|
|
10,706
|
|
|
|
9,826
|
|
|
|
5,496
|
|
|
|
4,961
|
|
|
|
1,403
|
|
|
|
1,296
|
|
Reinsurance
|
|
|
6,340
|
|
|
|
6,159
|
|
|
|
6,593
|
|
|
|
6,657
|
|
|
|
2,483
|
|
|
|
2,297
|
|
Corporate & Other
|
|
|
4,624
|
|
|
|
4,573
|
|
|
|
4,771
|
|
|
|
4,532
|
|
|
|
221
|
|
|
|
230
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
134,047
|
|
|
$
|
132,262
|
|
|
$
|
141,530
|
|
|
$
|
137,349
|
|
|
$
|
10,631
|
|
|
$
|
10,176
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7.
|
Contingencies,
Commitments and Guarantees
|
Contingencies
Litigation
The Company is a defendant in a large number of litigation
matters. In some of the matters, very large
and/or
indeterminate amounts, including punitive and treble damages,
are sought. Modern pleading practice in the United States
permits considerable variation in the assertion of monetary
damages or other relief. Jurisdictions may permit claimants not
to specify the monetary damages sought or may permit claimants
to state only that the amount sought is sufficient to invoke the
jurisdiction of the trial court. In addition, jurisdictions may
permit plaintiffs to allege monetary damages in amounts well
exceeding reasonably possible verdicts in the jurisdiction for
similar matters. This variability in pleadings, together with
the actual experience of the Company in litigating or resolving
through settlement numerous claims over an extended period of
time, demonstrate to management that the monetary relief which
may be specified in a lawsuit or claim bears little relevance to
its merits or disposition value. Thus, unless stated below, the
specific monetary relief sought is not noted.
Due to the vagaries of litigation, the outcome of a litigation
matter and the amount or range of potential loss at particular
points in time may normally be inherently impossible to
ascertain with any degree of certainty. Inherent uncertainties
can include how fact finders will view individually and in their
totality documentary evidence, the credibility and effectiveness
of witnesses’ testimony, and how trial and appellate courts
will apply the law in the context of the pleadings or evidence
presented, whether by motion practice, or at trial or on appeal.
Disposition valuations are also subject to the uncertainty of
how opposing parties and their counsel will themselves view the
relevant evidence and applicable law.
27
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
On a quarterly and annual basis, the Company reviews relevant
information with respect to litigation and contingencies to be
reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial
statements. The review includes senior legal and financial
personnel. Unless stated below, estimates of possible losses or
ranges of loss for particular matters cannot in the ordinary
course be made with a reasonable degree of certainty.
Liabilities are established when it is probable that a loss has
been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably
estimated. Liabilities have been established for a number of the
matters noted below. It is possible that some of the matters
could require the Company to pay damages or make other
expenditures or establish accruals in amounts that could not be
estimated as of March 31, 2008.
Demutualization
Actions
Several lawsuits were brought in 2000 challenging the fairness
of the Plan and the adequacy and accuracy of MLIC’s
disclosure to policyholders regarding the Plan. The actions
discussed below name as defendants some or all of MLIC, the
Holding Company, and individual directors. MLIC, the Holding
Company, and the individual directors believe they have
meritorious defenses to the plaintiffs’ claims and are
contesting vigorously all of the plaintiffs’ claims in
these actions.
Fiala, et al. v. Metropolitan Life Ins. Co., et al. (Sup.
Ct., N.Y. County, filed March 17, 2000). The
plaintiffs in the consolidated state court class actions seek
compensatory relief and punitive damages against MLIC, the
Holding Company, and individual directors. On January 30,
2007, the trial court signed an order certifying a litigation
class of present and former policyholders on plaintiffs’
claim that defendants violated section 7312 of the New York
Insurance Law, but denying plaintiffs’ motion to certify a
litigation class with respect to a common law fraud claim.
Plaintiffs and defendants have appealed from this order. The
court has directed various forms of class notice.
In re MetLife Demutualization Litig. (E.D.N.Y., filed
April 18, 2000). In this class action
against MLIC and the Holding Company, plaintiffs served a second
consolidated amended complaint in 2004. Plaintiffs assert
violations of the Securities Act and the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), in
connection with the Plan, claiming that the Policyholder
Information Booklets failed to disclose certain material facts
and contained certain material misstatements. They seek
rescission and compensatory damages. By orders dated
July 19, 2005 and August 29, 2006, the federal trial
court certified a litigation class of present and former
policyholders. The court has not yet directed the manner and
form of class notice. MLIC and the Holding Company have served a
motion for summary judgment, and plaintiffs have served a motion
for partial summary judgment.
Asbestos-Related
Claims
MLIC is and has been a defendant in a large number of
asbestos-related suits filed primarily in state courts. These
suits principally allege that the plaintiff or plaintiffs
suffered personal injury resulting from exposure to asbestos and
seek both actual and punitive damages. MLIC has never engaged in
the business of manufacturing, producing, distributing or
selling asbestos or asbestos-containing products nor has MLIC
issued liability or workers’ compensation insurance to
companies in the business of manufacturing, producing,
distributing or selling asbestos or asbestos-containing
products. The lawsuits principally have focused on allegations
with respect to certain research, publication and other
activities of one or more of MLIC’s employees during the
period from the 1920’s through approximately the
1950’s and allege that MLIC learned or should have learned
of certain health risks posed by asbestos and, among other
things, improperly publicized or failed to disclose those health
risks. MLIC believes that it should not have legal liability in
these cases. The outcome of most asbestos litigation matters,
however, is uncertain and can be impacted by numerous variables,
including differences in legal rulings in various jurisdictions,
the nature of the alleged injury, and factors unrelated to the
ultimate legal merit of the claims asserted against MLIC. MLIC
employs a number of resolution strategies to manage its asbestos
loss exposure, including seeking resolution of pending
litigation by judicial rulings and settling litigation under
appropriate circumstances.
Claims asserted against MLIC have included negligence,
intentional tort and conspiracy concerning the health risks
associated with asbestos. MLIC’s defenses (beyond denial of
certain factual allegations) include that: (i) MLIC
28
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
owed no duty to the plaintiffs — it had no special
relationship with the plaintiffs and did not manufacture,
produce, distribute or sell the asbestos products that allegedly
injured plaintiffs; (ii) plaintiffs did not rely on any
actions of MLIC; (iii) MLIC’s conduct was not the
cause of the plaintiffs’ injuries;
(iv) plaintiffs’ exposure occurred after the dangers
of asbestos were known; and (v) the applicable time with
respect to filing suit has expired. During the course of the
litigation, certain trial courts have granted motions dismissing
claims against MLIC, while other trial courts have denied
MLIC’s motions to dismiss. There can be no assurance that
MLIC will receive favorable decisions on motions in the future.
While most cases brought to date have settled, MLIC intends to
continue to defend aggressively against claims based on asbestos
exposure, including defending claims at trials.
As reported in the 2007 Annual Report, MLIC received
approximately 7,200 asbestos-related claims in 2007. During the
three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, MLIC received
approximately 2,000 and 1,600 new asbestos-related claims,
respectively. See Note 16 of the Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements included in the 2007 Annual Report for
historical information concerning asbestos claims and
MLIC’s increase in its recorded liability at
December 31, 2002. The number of asbestos cases that may be
brought or the aggregate amount of any liability that MLIC may
ultimately incur is uncertain.
The Company believes adequate provision has been made in its
consolidated financial statements for all probable and
reasonably estimable losses for asbestos-related claims.
MLIC’s recorded asbestos liability is based on its
estimation of the following elements, as informed by the facts
presently known to it, its understanding of current law, and its
past experiences: (i) the probable and reasonably estimable
liability for asbestos claims already asserted against MLIC,
including claims settled but not yet paid; (ii) the
probable and reasonably estimable liability for asbestos claims
not yet asserted against MLIC, but which MLIC believes are
reasonably probable of assertion; and (iii) the legal
defense costs associated with the foregoing claims. Significant
assumptions underlying MLIC’s analysis of the adequacy of
its recorded liability with respect to asbestos litigation
include: (i) the number of future claims; (ii) the
cost to resolve claims; and (iii) the cost to defend claims.
MLIC reevaluates on a quarterly and annual basis its exposure
from asbestos litigation, including studying its claims
experience, reviewing external literature regarding asbestos
claims experience in the United States, assessing relevant
trends impacting asbestos liability and considering numerous
variables that can affect its asbestos liability exposure on an
overall or per claim basis. These variables include bankruptcies
of other companies involved in asbestos litigation, legislative
and judicial developments, the number of pending claims
involving serious disease, the number of new claims filed
against it and other defendants, and the jurisdictions in which
claims are pending. MLIC regularly reevaluates its exposure from
asbestos litigation and has updated its liability analysis for
asbestos-related claims through March 31, 2008.
The ability of MLIC to estimate its ultimate asbestos exposure
is subject to considerable uncertainty, and the conditions
impacting its liability can be dynamic and subject to change.
The availability of reliable data is limited and it is difficult
to predict with any certainty the numerous variables that can
affect liability estimates, including the number of future
claims, the cost to resolve claims, the disease mix and severity
of disease in pending and future claims, the impact of the
number of new claims filed in a particular jurisdiction and
variations in the law in the jurisdictions in which claims are
filed, the possible impact of tort reform efforts, the
willingness of courts to allow plaintiffs to pursue claims
against MLIC when exposure to asbestos took place after the
dangers of asbestos exposure were well known, and the impact of
any possible future adverse verdicts and their amounts.
The ability to make estimates regarding ultimate asbestos
exposure declines significantly as the estimates relate to years
further in the future. In the Company’s judgment, there is
a future point after which losses cease to be probable and
reasonably estimable. It is reasonably possible that the
Company’s total exposure to asbestos claims may be
materially greater than the asbestos liability currently accrued
and that future charges to income may be necessary. While the
potential future charges could be material in the particular
quarterly or annual periods in which they are recorded, based on
information currently known by management, management does not
believe any such charges are likely to have a material adverse
effect on the Company’s financial position.
29
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
During 1998, MLIC paid $878 million in premiums for excess
insurance policies for asbestos-related claims. The excess
insurance policies for asbestos-related claims provide for
recovery of losses up to $1.5 billion, which is in excess
of a $400 million self-insured retention. The
Company’s initial option to commute the excess insurance
policies for asbestos-related claims arises at the end of 2008.
Thereafter, the Company will have a commutation right every five
years. The excess insurance policies for asbestos-related claims
are also subject to annual and per claim sublimits. Amounts
exceeding the sublimits during 2007, 2006 and 2005 were
approximately $16 million, $8 million and $0,
respectively. The Company continues to study per claim averages,
and there can be no assurance as to the number and cost of
claims resolved in the future, including related defense costs,
and the applicability of the sublimits to these costs. Amounts
are recoverable under the policies annually with respect to
claims paid during the prior calendar year. Although amounts
paid by MLIC in any given year that may be recoverable in the
next calendar year under the policies will be reflected as a
reduction in the Company’s operating cash flows for the
year in which they are paid, management believes that the
payments will not have a material adverse effect on the
Company’s liquidity.
Each asbestos-related policy contains an experience fund and a
reference fund that provide for payments to MLIC at the
commutation date if the reference fund is greater than zero at
commutation or pro rata reductions from time to time in the loss
reimbursements to MLIC if the cumulative return on the reference
fund is less than the return specified in the experience fund.
The return in the reference fund is tied to performance of the
Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) 500
Index and the Lehman Brothers Aggregate Bond Index. A claim with
respect to the prior year was made under the excess insurance
policies in each year from 2003 through 2007 for the amounts
paid with respect to asbestos litigation in excess of the
retention. As the performance of the indices impacts the return
in the reference fund, it is possible that loss reimbursements
to the Company and the recoverable amount with respect to later
periods may be less than the amount of the recorded losses.
Foregone loss reimbursements may be recovered upon commutation
depending upon future performance of the reference fund. If at
some point in the future, the Company believes the liability for
probable and reasonably estimable losses for asbestos-related
claims should be increased, an expense would be recorded and the
insurance recoverable would be adjusted subject to the terms,
conditions and limits of the excess insurance policies. Portions
of the change in the insurance recoverable would be recorded as
a deferred gain and amortized into income over the estimated
remaining settlement period of the insurance policies. The
foregone loss reimbursements were approximately
$62.2 million with respect to claims for the period of 2002
through 2007 and are estimated, as of March 31, 2008, to be
approximately $88.2 million in the aggregate, including
future years.
Sales
Practices Claims
Over the past several years, MLIC; New England Mutual Life
Insurance Company, New England Life Insurance Company and New
England Securities Corporation (collectively “New
England”); General American Life Insurance Company
(“GALIC”); Walnut Street Securities, Inc.
(“Walnut Street Securities”) and MetLife Securities,
Inc. (“MSI”) have faced numerous claims, including
class action lawsuits, alleging improper marketing or sales of
individual life insurance policies, annuities, mutual funds or
other products.
As of March 31, 2008, there were approximately 140 sales
practices litigation matters pending against the Company. The
Company continues to vigorously defend against the claims in
these matters. Some sales practices claims have been resolved
through settlement. Other sales practices claims have been won
by dispositive motions or have gone to trial. Most of the
current cases seek substantial damages, including in some cases
punitive and treble damages and attorneys’ fees. Additional
litigation relating to the Company’s marketing and sales of
individual life insurance, mutual funds or other products may be
commenced in the future.
Two putative class action lawsuits involving sales practices
claims are pending against MLIC in Canada. In Jacynthe
Evoy-Larouche v. Metropolitan Life Ins. Co. (Que. Super.
Ct., filed March 1998), plaintiff alleges misrepresentations
regarding dividends and future payments for life insurance
policies and seeks unspecified damages. In Ace Quan v.
Metropolitan Life Ins. Co. (Ont. Gen. Div., filed April
1997), plaintiff alleges breach of
30
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
contract and negligent misrepresentations relating to, among
other things, life insurance premium payments and seeks damages,
including punitive damages.
Regulatory authorities in a small number of states have had
investigations or inquiries relating to MLIC’s,
New England’s, GALIC’s, MSI’s or Walnut
Street Securities’ sales of individual life insurance
policies or annuities or other products. Over the past several
years, these and a number of investigations by other regulatory
authorities were resolved for monetary payments and certain
other relief. The Company may continue to resolve investigations
in a similar manner. The Company believes adequate provision has
been made in its unaudited interim condensed consolidated
financial statements for all probable and reasonably estimable
losses for sales practices claims against MLIC, New England,
GALIC, MSI and Walnut Street Securities.
Property
and Casualty Actions
Katrina-Related Litigation. There are a number
of lawsuits, including a few putative class actions and
“mass” actions, pending in Louisiana and Mississippi
against Metropolitan Property and Casualty Insurance Company
relating to Hurricane Katrina. The lawsuits include claims by
policyholders for coverage for damages stemming from Hurricane
Katrina, including for damages resulting from flooding or storm
surge. The deadline for filing actions in Louisiana has expired.
It is reasonably possible that additional actions will be filed
in other states. The Company intends to continue to defend
vigorously against these matters, although appropriate matters
may be resolved as part of the ordinary claims adjustment
process.
Shipley v. St. Paul Fire and Marine Ins. Co. and
Metropolitan Property and Casualty Ins. Co. (Ill. Cir. Ct.,
Madison County, filed February 26 and July 2,
2003). Two putative nationwide class actions have
been filed against Metropolitan Property and Casualty Insurance
Company in Illinois. One suit claims breach of contract and
fraud due to the alleged underpayment of medical claims arising
from the use of a purportedly biased provider fee pricing
system. A motion for class certification has been filed and
briefed. The second suit currently alleges breach of contract
arising from the alleged use of preferred provider organizations
to reduce medical provider fees covered by the medical claims
portion of the insurance policy. A motion for class
certification has been filed and briefed. A third putative
nationwide class action relating to the payment of medical
providers, Innovative Physical Therapy, Inc. v. MetLife
Auto & Home, et ano (D. N.J., filed November 12,
2007) has been filed against Metropolitan Property and
Casualty Insurance Company in federal court in New Jersey. The
Company is vigorously defending against the claims in these
matters.
Regulatory
Matters
The Company receives and responds to subpoenas or other
inquiries from state regulators, including state insurance
commissioners; state attorneys general or other state
governmental authorities; federal regulators, including the SEC;
federal governmental authorities, including congressional
committees; and the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority
seeking a broad range of information. The issues involved in
information requests and regulatory matters vary widely. Certain
regulators have requested information and documents regarding
contingent commission payments to brokers, the Company’s
awareness of any “sham” bids for business, bids and
quotes that the Company submitted to potential customers,
incentive agreements entered into with brokers, or compensation
paid to intermediaries. Regulators also have requested
information relating to market timing and late trading of mutual
funds and variable insurance products and, generally, the
marketing of products. The Company has received a subpoena from
the Office of the U.S. Attorney for the Southern District
of California asking for documents regarding the insurance
broker Universal Life Resources. The Company has been
cooperating fully with these inquiries.
In 2005, MSI received a notice from the Illinois Department of
Securities asserting possible violations of the Illinois
Securities Act in connection with sales of a former
affiliate’s mutual funds. A response has been submitted and
in January 2008, MSI received notice of the commencement of an
administrative action by the Illinois
31
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
Department of Securities. MSI has filed a motion to dismiss the
action. MSI intends to vigorously defend against the claims in
this matter.
Other
Litigation
In Re Ins. Brokerage Antitrust Litig. (D. N.J., filed
February 24, 2005). In this multi-district
proceeding, plaintiffs filed a class action complaint
consolidating claims from several separate actions that had been
filed in or transferred to the District of New Jersey in 2004
and 2005. The consolidated complaint alleged that the Holding
Company, MLIC, several non-affiliated insurance companies and
several insurance brokers violated the Racketeer Influenced and
Corrupt Organizations Act (“RICO”), the Employee
Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”), and
antitrust laws and committed other misconduct in the context of
providing insurance to employee benefit plans and to persons who
participate in such employee benefit plans. In August and
September 2007, the court issued orders granting
defendants’ motions to dismiss with prejudice the federal
antitrust and the RICO claims. In January 2008, the court issued
an order granting defendants’ summary judgment motion on
the ERISA claims, and in February 2008, the court dismissed the
remaining state law claims on jurisdictional grounds. Plaintiffs
have filed a notice of appeal of the court’s decisions. A
putative class action alleging that the Holding Company and
other non-affiliated defendants violated state laws was
transferred to the District of New Jersey but was not
consolidated with other related actions. Plaintiffs’ motion
to remand this action to state court in Florida is pending.
The American Dental Association, et al. v. MetLife Inc., et
al. (S.D. Fla., filed May 19, 2003). The
American Dental Association and three individual providers have
sued the Holding Company, MLIC and other non-affiliated
insurance companies in a putative class action lawsuit. The
plaintiffs purport to represent a nationwide class of
in-network
providers who allege that their claims are being wrongfully
reduced by downcoding, bundling, and the improper use and
programming of software. The complaint alleges federal
racketeering and various state law theories of liability. The
district court granted in part and denied in part the
Company’s motion to dismiss. The plaintiffs have filed an
amended complaint, and the Company will file another motion to
dismiss.
Thomas, et al. v. Metropolitan Life Ins. Co., et al. (W.D.
Okla., filed January 31, 2007). A putative
class action complaint was filed against MLIC and MSI.
Plaintiffs assert legal theories of violations of the federal
securities laws and violations of state laws with respect to the
sale of certain proprietary products by the Company’s
agency distribution group. Plaintiffs seek rescission,
compensatory damages, interest, punitive damages and
attorneys’ fees and expenses. In January and May 2008, the
court issued orders granting the defendants’ motion to
dismiss in part, dismissing all of plaintiffs’ claims
except for claims under the Investment Advisers Act. The Company
is vigorously defending against the remaining claims in this
matter.
MLIC also has been named as a defendant in a number of welding
and mixed dust lawsuits filed in various state and federal
courts. The Company is continuing to vigorously defend against
these claims.
Summary
Putative or certified class action litigation and other
litigation and claims and assessments against the Company, in
addition to those discussed previously and those otherwise
provided for in the Company’s consolidated financial
statements, have arisen in the course of the Company’s
business, including, but not limited to, in connection with its
activities as an insurer, employer, investor, investment advisor
and taxpayer. Further, state insurance regulatory authorities
and other federal and state authorities regularly make inquiries
and conduct investigations concerning the Company’s
compliance with applicable insurance and other laws and
regulations.
It is not possible to predict the ultimate outcome of all
pending investigations and legal proceedings or provide
reasonable ranges of potential losses, except as noted
previously in connection with specific matters. In some of the
matters referred to previously, very large
and/or
indeterminate amounts, including punitive and treble damages,
are sought. Although in light of these considerations it is
possible that an adverse outcome in certain cases could have a
32
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
material adverse effect upon the Company’s financial
position, based on information currently known by the
Company’s management, in its opinion, the outcomes of such
pending investigations and legal proceedings are not likely to
have such an effect. However, given the large
and/or
indeterminate amounts sought in certain of these matters and the
inherent unpredictability of litigation, it is possible that an
adverse outcome in certain matters could, from time to time,
have a material adverse effect on the Company’s
consolidated net income or cash flows in particular quarterly or
annual periods.
Commitments
Commitments
to Fund Partnership Investments
The Company makes commitments to fund partnership investments in
the normal course of business. The amounts of these unfunded
commitments were $4.5 billion and $4.3 billion at
March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively.
The Company anticipates that these amounts will be invested in
partnerships over the next five years.
Mortgage
Loan Commitments
The Company commits to lend funds under mortgage loan
commitments. The amounts of these mortgage loan commitments were
$3.9 billion and $4.0 billion at March 31, 2008
and December 31, 2007, respectively.
Commitments
to Fund Bank Credit Facilities, Bridge Loans and Private
Corporate Bond Investments
The Company commits to lend funds under bank credit facilities,
bridge loans and private corporate bond investments. The amounts
of these unfunded commitments were $891 million and
$1.2 billion at March 31, 2008 and December 31,
2007, respectively.
Guarantees
In the normal course of its business, the Company has provided
certain indemnities, guarantees and commitments to third parties
pursuant to which it may be required to make payments now or in
the future. In the context of acquisition, disposition,
investment and other transactions, the Company has provided
indemnities and guarantees, including those related to tax,
environmental and other specific liabilities, and other
indemnities and guarantees that are triggered by, among other
things, breaches of representations, warranties or covenants
provided by the Company. In addition, in the normal course of
business, the Company provides indemnifications to
counterparties in contracts with triggers similar to the
foregoing, as well as for certain other liabilities, such as
third party lawsuits. These obligations are often subject to
time limitations that vary in duration, including contractual
limitations and those that arise by operation of law, such as
applicable statutes of limitation. In some cases, the maximum
potential obligation under the indemnities and guarantees is
subject to a contractual limitation ranging from less than
$1 million to $800 million, with a cumulative maximum
of $2.4 billion, while in other cases such limitations are
not specified or applicable. Since certain of these obligations
are not subject to limitations, the Company does not believe
that it is possible to determine the maximum potential amount
that could become due under these guarantees in the future.
In addition, the Company indemnifies its directors and officers
as provided in its charters and by-laws. Also, the Company
indemnifies its agents for liabilities incurred as a result of
their representation of the Company’s interests. Since
these indemnities are generally not subject to limitation with
respect to duration or amount, the Company does not believe that
it is possible to determine the maximum potential amount that
could become due under these indemnities in the future.
The Company has also guaranteed minimum investment returns on
certain international retirement funds in accordance with local
laws. Since these guarantees are not subject to limitation with
respect to duration or amount,
33
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
the Company does not believe that it is possible to determine
the maximum potential amount that could become due under these
guarantees in the future.
During the three months ended March 31, 2008, the Company
recorded $7 million of additional liabilities for
guarantees related to certain investment transactions. The term
for these liabilities varies, with a maximum of 18 years.
The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company
could be required to pay under these guarantees is
$225 million. The Company’s recorded liabilities were
$13 million and $6 million at March 31, 2008 and
December 31, 2007, respectively, for indemnities,
guarantees and commitments.
In connection with synthetically created investment
transactions, the Company writes credit default swap obligations
that generally require payment of principal outstanding due in
exchange for the referenced credit obligation. If a credit
event, as defined by the contract, occurs the Company’s
maximum amount at risk, assuming the value of the referenced
credits becomes worthless, was $905 million at
March 31, 2008. The credit default swaps expire at various
times during the next eight years.
|
|
8.
|
Employee
Benefit Plans
|
Pension
and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans
Certain subsidiaries of the Holding Company (the
“Subsidiaries”) sponsor
and/or
administer various qualified and non-qualified defined benefit
pension plans and other postretirement employee benefit plans
covering employees and sales representatives who meet specified
eligibility requirements. Pension benefits are provided
utilizing either a traditional formula or cash balance formula.
The traditional formula provides benefits based upon years of
credited service and either final average or career average
earnings. As of March 31, 2008, virtually all of the
Subsidiaries’ obligations have been calculated using the
traditional formula. The cash balance formula utilizes
hypothetical or notional accounts, which credit participants
with benefits equal to a percentage of eligible pay, as well as
earnings credits, determined annually based upon the average
annual rate of interest on
30-year
U.S. Treasury securities, for each account balance. The
non-qualified pension plans provide supplemental benefits, in
excess of amounts permitted by governmental agencies, to certain
executive level employees.
The Subsidiaries also provide certain postemployment benefits
and certain postretirement medical and life insurance benefits
for retired employees. Employees of the Subsidiaries who were
hired prior to 2003 (or, in certain cases, rehired during or
after 2003) and meet age and service criteria while working
for one of the Subsidiaries, may become eligible for these other
postretirement benefits, at various levels, in accordance with
the applicable plans. Virtually all retirees, or their
beneficiaries, contribute a portion of the total cost of
postretirement medical benefits. Employees hired after 2003 are
not eligible for any employer subsidy for postretirement medical
benefits.
The Subsidiaries have issued group annuity and life insurance
contracts supporting approximately 98% of all pension and
postretirement employee benefit plan assets sponsored by the
Subsidiaries.
A December 31 measurement date is used for all of the
Subsidiaries’ defined benefit pension and other
postretirement benefit plans.
34
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
The components of net periodic benefit cost were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Postretirement
|
|
|
|
Pension Benefits
|
|
|
Benefits
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Service cost
|
|
$
|
43
|
|
|
$
|
41
|
|
|
$
|
6
|
|
|
$
|
7
|
|
Interest cost
|
|
|
97
|
|
|
|
90
|
|
|
|
26
|
|
|
|
26
|
|
Expected return on plan assets
|
|
|
(133
|
)
|
|
|
(128
|
)
|
|
|
(23
|
)
|
|
|
(22
|
)
|
Amortization of prior service cost (credit)
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
(9
|
)
|
|
|
(9
|
)
|
Amortization of net actuarial (gains) losses
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
17
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net periodic benefit cost
|
|
$
|
16
|
|
|
$
|
23
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The components of net periodic benefit cost amortized from
accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Postretirement
|
|
|
|
Pension Benefits
|
|
|
Benefits
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Amortization of prior service cost (credit)
|
|
$
|
4
|
|
|
$
|
3
|
|
|
$
|
(9
|
)
|
|
$
|
(9
|
)
|
Amortization of net actuarial (gains) losses
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
17
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subtotal
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
|
20
|
|
|
|
(9
|
)
|
|
|
(9
|
)
|
Deferred income tax
|
|
|
(4
|
)
|
|
|
(8
|
)
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Components of net periodic benefit cost amortized from
accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of income tax
|
|
$
|
5
|
|
|
$
|
12
|
|
|
$
|
(6
|
)
|
|
$
|
(6
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As disclosed in Note 17 of the Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements included in the 2007 Annual Report, the
Company expected to make, though no contributions were required
to be made, discretionary contributions of up to
$150 million to the Subsidiaries’ qualified pension
plans during 2008. As of March 31, 2008, no discretionary
contributions were made to those plans. The Company funds
benefit payments for its non-qualified pension and other
postretirement plans as due through its general assets.
35
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
Preferred
Stock
Information on the declaration, record and payment dates, as
well as per share and aggregate dividend amounts, for the
Company’s Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock,
Series A (the “Series A preferred shares”)
and 6.50% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series B (the
“Series B preferred shares,” together with the
Series A preferred shares, collectively, the
“Preferred Shares”) is as follows for the three months
ended March 31, 2008 and 2007:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dividend
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Series A
|
|
|
Series A
|
|
|
Series B
|
|
|
Series B
|
|
Declaration Date
|
|
Record Date
|
|
Payment Date
|
|
Per Share
|
|
|
Aggregate
|
|
|
Per Share
|
|
|
Aggregate
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions, except per share data)
|
|
|
March 5, 2008
|
|
February 29, 2008
|
|
March 17, 2008
|
|
$
|
0.3785745
|
|
|
$
|
9
|
|
|
$
|
0.4062500
|
|
|
$
|
24
|
|
March 5, 2007
|
|
February 28, 2007
|
|
March 15, 2007
|
|
$
|
0.3975000
|
|
|
$
|
10
|
|
|
$
|
0.4062500
|
|
|
$
|
24
|
|
See Note 18 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements included in the 2007 Annual Report for further
information.
Common
Stock
At January 1, 2007, the Company had $216 million
remaining under its October 2004 stock repurchase program
authorization. In February 2007, the Company’s Board of
Directors authorized an additional $1 billion common stock
repurchase program which began after the completion of the
$1 billion common stock repurchase program authorized in
October 2004. In September 2007, the Company’s Board of
Directors authorized an additional $1 billion common stock
repurchase program which began after the completion of the
February 2007 program. In January 2008, the Company’s Board
of Directors authorized an additional $1 billion common
stock repurchase program, which began after the completion of
the September 2007 program. Under these authorizations, the
Company may purchase its common stock from the MetLife
Policyholder Trust, in the open market (including pursuant to
the terms of a pre-set trading plan meeting the requirements of
Rule 10b5-1
under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) and in privately
negotiated transactions.
In February 2008, the Company entered into an accelerated common
stock repurchase agreement with a major bank. Under the
agreement, the Company paid the bank $711 million in cash
and the bank delivered an initial amount of 11.2 million
shares of the Company’s outstanding common stock that the
bank borrowed from third parties. Final settlement of the
agreement is scheduled to take place during the second quarter
of 2008. The final number of shares the Company is repurchasing
under the terms of the agreement and the timing of the final
settlement will depend on, among other things, prevailing market
conditions and the market prices of the common stock during the
repurchase period. The Company recorded the shares initially
repurchased as treasury stock.
In December 2007, the Company entered into an accelerated common
stock repurchase agreement with a major bank. Under the terms of
the agreement, the Company paid the bank $450 million in
cash in January 2008 in exchange for 6.6 million shares of
the Company’s outstanding common stock that the bank
borrowed from third parties. Also in January 2008, the bank
delivered 1.1 million additional shares of the
Company’s common stock to the Company resulting in a total
of 7.7 million shares being repurchased under the
agreement. At December 31, 2007, the Company recorded the
obligation to pay $450 million to the bank as a reduction of
additional paid-in capital. Upon settlement with the bank, the
Company increased additional paid-in capital and reduced
treasury stock.
In November 2007, the Company repurchased 11.6 million
shares of its outstanding common stock at an initial cost of
$750 million under an accelerated common stock repurchase
agreement with a major bank. The bank borrowed the stock sold to
the Company from third parties and purchased the common stock in
the open market to return to such third parties. Also, in
November 2007, the Company received a cash adjustment of
$19 million based on the trading prices of the common stock
during the repurchase period, for a final purchase price of
$731 million.
36
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
The Company recorded the shares initially repurchased as
treasury stock and recorded the amount received as an adjustment
to the cost of the treasury stock.
In March 2007, the Company repurchased 11.9 million shares
of its outstanding common stock at an aggregate cost of
$750 million under an accelerated common stock repurchase
agreement with a major bank. The bank borrowed the common stock
sold to the Company from third parties and purchased common
stock in the open market to return to such third parties. In
June 2007, the Company paid a cash adjustment of
$17 million for a final purchase price of
$767 million. The Company recorded the shares initially
repurchased as treasury stock and recorded the amount paid as an
adjustment to the cost of the treasury stock.
In December 2006, the Company repurchased 4.0 million
shares of its outstanding common stock at an aggregate cost of
$232 million under an accelerated common stock repurchase
agreement with a major bank. The bank borrowed the common stock
sold to the Company from third parties and purchased the common
stock in the open market to return to such third parties. In
February 2007, the Company paid a cash adjustment of
$8 million for a final purchase price of $240 million.
The Company recorded the shares initially repurchased as
treasury stock and recorded the amount paid as an adjustment to
the cost of the treasury stock.
The Company repurchased 1.5 million shares through open
market purchases for $89 million during the three months
ended March 31, 2008. The Company also repurchased
3.1 million shares through open market purchases for
$200 million during the year ended December 31, 2007.
The Company repurchased 20.4 million and 11.9 million
shares of its common stock for $1.3 billion and
$750 million during the three months ended March 31,
2008 and 2007, respectively. During the three months ended
March 31, 2008 and 2007, 0.6 million and
1.0 million shares of common stock were issued from
treasury stock for $32 million and $42 million,
respectively. At March 31, 2008, $261 million remains
on the Company’s January 2008 common stock repurchase
program. See Note 15 for further information with respect
to activity associated with the Company’s common stock
repurchase program subsequent to March 31, 2008.
Stock-Based
Compensation Plans
Description
of Plans
The MetLife, Inc. 2000 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended (the
“Stock Incentive Plan”), authorized the granting of
awards in the form of options to buy shares of the
Company’s common stock (“Stock Options”) that
either qualify as incentive Stock Options under
Section 422A of the Internal Revenue Code or are
non-qualified. The MetLife, Inc. 2000 Directors Stock Plan,
as amended (the “Directors Stock Plan”), authorized
the granting of awards in the form of the Company’s common
stock, non-qualified Stock Options, or a combination of the
foregoing to outside Directors of the Company. Under the
MetLife, Inc. 2005 Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan, as
amended (the “2005 Stock Plan”), awards granted may be
in the form of Stock Options, Stock Appreciation Rights,
Restricted Stock or Restricted Stock Units, Performance Shares
or Performance Share Units, Cash-Based Awards, and Stock-Based
Awards (each as defined in the 2005 Stock Plan). Under the
MetLife, Inc. 2005 Non-Management Director Stock Compensation
Plan (the “2005 Directors Stock Plan”), awards
granted may be in the form of non-qualified Stock Options, Stock
Appreciation Rights, Restricted Stock or Restricted Stock Units,
or Stock-Based Awards (each as defined in the
2005 Directors Stock Plan). The Stock Incentive Plan,
Directors Stock Plan, 2005 Stock Plan and the
2005 Directors Stock Plan, are hereinafter collectively
referred to as the “Incentive Plans.”
As of March 31, 2008, the aggregate number of shares
remaining available for issuance pursuant to the 2005 Stock Plan
and the 2005 Directors Stock Plan was 55,572,090 and
1,917,520, respectively.
Compensation expense of $53 million and $59 million,
and income tax benefits of $19 million and
$21 million, related to the Incentive Plans was recognized
for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007,
respectively. Compensation expense is principally related to the
issuance of Stock Options and Performance Shares. The majority
of awards granted by the Company are made in the first quarter
of each year. As a result of the Company’s policy of
recognizing stock-based compensation over the shorter of the
stated requisite service period or period until
37
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
attainment of retirement eligibility, a greater proportion of
the aggregate fair value for awards granted on or after
January 1, 2006 is recognized immediately on the grant date.
Stock
Options
All Stock Options granted had an exercise price equal to the
closing price of the Company’s common stock as reported on
the New York Stock Exchange on the date of grant, and have a
maximum term of ten years. Certain Stock Options granted under
the Stock Incentive Plan and the 2005 Stock Plan have or will
become exercisable over a three year period commencing with the
date of grant, while other Stock Options have or will become
exercisable three years after the date of grant. Stock Options
issued under the Directors Stock Plan were exercisable
immediately. The date at which a Stock Option issued under the
2005 Directors Stock Plan becomes exercisable is determined
at the time such Stock Option is granted.
During the three months ended March 31, 2008, the Company
granted 3,241,350 Stock Option awards with a weighted average
exercise price of $60.51 for which the total fair value on the
date of grant was $57 million. The number of Stock Options
outstanding as of March 31, 2008 was 27,053,621 with a
weighted average exercise price of $41.49.
Compensation expense of $21 million and $24 million
related to Stock Options was recognized for the three months
ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
As of March 31, 2008, there was $68 million of total
unrecognized compensation costs related to Stock Options. It is
expected that these costs will be recognized over a weighted
average period of 2.28 years.
Performance
Shares
Beginning in 2005, certain members of management were awarded
Performance Shares under (and as defined in) the 2005 Stock
Plan. Participants are awarded an initial target number of
Performance Shares with the final number of Performance Shares
payable being determined by the product of the initial target
multiplied by a factor of 0.0 to 2.0. The factor applied is
based on measurements of the Company’s performance with
respect to: (i) the change in annual net operating earnings
per share, as defined; and (ii) the proportionate total
shareholder return, as defined, with reference to the three-year
performance period relative to other companies in the S&P
Insurance Index with reference to the same three-year period.
Performance Share awards will normally vest in their entirety at
the end of the three-year performance period (subject to certain
contingencies) and will be payable entirely in shares of the
Company’s common stock.
During the three months ended March 31, 2008, the Company
granted 913,975 Performance Share awards for which the total
fair value on the date of grant was $53 million. The number
of Performance Shares outstanding as of March 31, 2008 was
3,598,700 with a weighted average fair value of $50.82. These
amounts represent aggregate initial target awards and do not
reflect potential increases or decreases resulting from the
final performance factor to be determined following the end of
the respective performance period. The three-year performance
period associated with the Performance Shares awarded for 2005
was completed effective December 31, 2007. The final
performance factor will be applied to the 965,525 Performance
Shares associated with the 2005 grant outstanding as of
December 31, 2007 and will result in the issuance of
approximately 1,931,050 shares of the Company’s common
stock.
Compensation expense of $32 million and $35 million
related to Performance Shares was recognized for the three
months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
As of March 31, 2008, there was $95 million of total
unrecognized compensation costs related to Performance Share
awards. It is expected that these costs will be recognized over
a weighted average period of 2.16 years.
38
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
The components of comprehensive income (loss) are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$
|
648
|
|
|
$
|
1,017
|
|
Other comprehensive income (loss):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net of
income tax
|
|
|
(60
|
)
|
|
|
(14
|
)
|
Unrealized investment gains (losses), net of related offsets and
income tax
|
|
|
(2,188
|
)
|
|
|
265
|
|
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of income tax
|
|
|
153
|
|
|
|
27
|
|
Defined benefit plans adjustment, net of income tax
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other comprehensive income (loss):
|
|
|
(2,096
|
)
|
|
|
284
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Comprehensive income (loss)
|
|
$
|
(1,448
|
)
|
|
$
|
1,301
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Information on other expenses is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended March 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Compensation
|
|
$
|
852
|
|
|
$
|
866
|
|
Commissions
|
|
|
1,065
|
|
|
|
925
|
|
Interest and debt issue costs
|
|
|
319
|
|
|
|
252
|
|
Amortization of DAC and VOBA
|
|
|
415
|
|
|
|
780
|
|
Capitalization of DAC
|
|
|
(811
|
)
|
|
|
(851
|
)
|
Rent, net of sublease income
|
|
|
90
|
|
|
|
74
|
|
Minority interest
|
|
|
21
|
|
|
|
84
|
|
Insurance tax
|
|
|
191
|
|
|
|
181
|
|
Other
|
|
|
534
|
|
|
|
585
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total other expenses
|
|
$
|
2,676
|
|
|
$
|
2,896
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
39
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
|
|
11.
|
Earnings
Per Common Share
|
The following table presents the weighted average shares used in
calculating basic earnings per common share and those used in
calculating diluted earnings per common share for each income
category presented below:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions, except share
|
|
|
|
and per share data)
|
|
|
Weighted average common stock outstanding for basic earnings
per common share
|
|
|
720,392,991
|
|
|
|
752,658,844
|
|
Incremental common shares from assumed:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stock purchase contracts underlying common equity units
|
|
|
3,597,970
|
|
|
|
5,973,435
|
|
Exercise or issuance of stock-based awards
|
|
|
8,731,181
|
|
|
|
10,475,352
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average common stock outstanding for diluted earnings
per common share
|
|
|
732,722,142
|
|
|
|
769,107,631
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Earnings per common share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations
|
|
$
|
650
|
|
|
$
|
1,027
|
|
Preferred stock dividends
|
|
|
33
|
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations available to common
shareholders
|
|
$
|
617
|
|
|
$
|
993
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
$
|
0.86
|
|
|
$
|
1.32
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
$
|
0.84
|
|
|
$
|
1.29
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$
|
648
|
|
|
$
|
1,017
|
|
Preferred stock dividends
|
|
|
33
|
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income available to common shareholders
|
|
$
|
615
|
|
|
$
|
983
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
|
|
$
|
0.85
|
|
|
$
|
1.31
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted
|
|
$
|
0.84
|
|
|
$
|
1.28
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Company distributed and sold 82.8 million 6.375% common
equity units for $2,070 million in proceeds in a registered
public offering on June 21, 2005. These common equity units
include stock purchase contracts issued by the Company. The
stock purchase contracts are reflected in diluted earnings per
common share using the treasury stock method, and are dilutive
when the average closing price of the Company’s common
stock for each of the 20 trading days before the close of the
accounting period is greater than or equal to the threshold
appreciation price of $53.10. During the periods ended
March 31, 2008 and 2007, the average closing price for each
of the 20 trading days before March 31, 2008 and 2007, was
greater than the threshold appreciation price. Accordingly, the
stock purchase contracts were included in diluted earnings per
common share. See Note 13 of the Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements included in the 2007 Annual Report for a
description of the common equity units.
|
|
12.
|
Business
Segment Information
|
The Company is a leading provider of insurance and other
financial services with operations throughout the United States
and the regions of Latin America, Europe, and Asia Pacific. The
Company’s business is divided into five operating segments:
Institutional, Individual, Auto & Home, International
and Reinsurance, as well as Corporate & Other. These
segments are managed separately because they either provide
different products and services, require different strategies or
have different technology requirements.
Institutional offers a broad range of group insurance and
retirement & savings products and services, including
group life insurance, non-medical health insurance, such as
short and long-term disability, long-term care, and
40
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
dental insurance, and other insurance products and services.
Individual offers a wide variety of protection and asset
accumulation products, including life insurance, annuities and
mutual funds. Auto & Home provides personal lines
property and casualty insurance, including private passenger
automobile, homeowners and personal excess liability insurance.
International provides life insurance, accident and health
insurance, annuities and retirement & savings products
to both individuals and groups. Through the Company’s
majority-owned subsidiary, Reinsurance Group of America, Inc.
(“RGA”), the Reinsurance segment provides reinsurance
of life and annuity policies in North America and various
international markets. Additionally, reinsurance of critical
illness policies is provided in select international markets.
Corporate & Other contains the excess capital not
allocated to the business segments, various
start-up
entities, including MetLife Bank and run-off entities, as well
as interest expense related to the majority of the
Company’s outstanding debt and expenses associated with
certain legal proceedings and income tax audit issues.
Corporate & Other also includes the elimination of all
intersegment amounts, which generally relate to intersegment
loans, which bear interest rates commensurate with related
borrowings, as well as intersegment transactions. Additionally,
the Company’s asset management business, including amounts
reported as discontinued operations, is included in the results
of operations for Corporate & Other. See Note 13
for disclosures regarding discontinued operations, including
real estate.
Economic capital is an internally developed risk capital model,
the purpose of which is to measure the risk in the business and
to provide a basis upon which capital is deployed. The economic
capital model accounts for the unique and specific nature of the
risks inherent in MetLife’s businesses. As a part of the
economic capital process, a portion of net investment income is
credited to the segments based on the level of allocated equity.
Set forth in the tables below is certain financial information
with respect to the Company’s segments, as well as
Corporate & Other, for the three months ended
March 31, 2008 and 2007. The accounting policies of the
segments are the same as those of the Company, except for the
method of capital allocation and the accounting for gains
(losses) from intercompany sales, which are eliminated in
consolidation. The Company allocates equity to each segment
based upon the economic capital model that allows the Company to
effectively manage its capital. The Company evaluates the
performance of each segment based upon net income, excluding net
investment gains (losses), net of income tax, adjustments
related to net investment gains (losses), net of income tax, the
impact from the cumulative effect of changes in accounting, net
of income tax and discontinued operations, other than
discontinued real estate, net of income tax, less preferred
stock dividends. The Company allocates certain non-recurring
items, such as expenses associated with certain legal
proceedings, to Corporate & Other.
41
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Auto &
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Corporate &
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2008
|
|
Institutional
|
|
|
Individual
|
|
|
Home
|
|
|
International
|
|
Reinsurance
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Statement of Income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Premiums
|
|
$
|
3,573
|
|
|
$
|
1,067
|
|
|
$
|
744
|
|
|
$
|
904
|
|
$
|
1,298
|
|
|
$
|
7
|
|
|
$
|
7,593
|
|
Universal life and investment-type product policy fees
|
|
|
224
|
|
|
|
903
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
290
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1,417
|
|
Net investment income
|
|
|
2,030
|
|
|
|
1,697
|
|
|
|
53
|
|
|
|
269
|
|
|
189
|
|
|
|
270
|
|
|
|
4,508
|
|
Other revenues
|
|
|
190
|
|
|
|
148
|
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
30
|
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
|
395
|
|
Net investment gains (losses)
|
|
|
(731
|
)
|
|
|
(103
|
)
|
|
|
(11
|
)
|
|
|
135
|
|
|
(156
|
)
|
|
|
(20
|
)
|
|
|
(886
|
)
|
Policyholder benefits and claims
|
|
|
3,912
|
|
|
|
1,377
|
|
|
|
478
|
|
|
|
826
|
|
|
1,140
|
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
|
7,743
|
|
Interest credited to policyholder account balances
|
|
|
684
|
|
|
|
506
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
47
|
|
|
74
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1,311
|
|
Policyholder dividends
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
427
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
430
|
|
Other expenses
|
|
|
574
|
|
|
|
988
|
|
|
|
204
|
|
|
|
428
|
|
|
129
|
|
|
|
353
|
|
|
|
2,676
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations before provision for income tax
|
|
|
116
|
|
|
|
414
|
|
|
|
113
|
|
|
|
302
|
|
|
18
|
|
|
|
(96
|
)
|
|
|
867
|
|
Provision for income tax
|
|
|
31
|
|
|
|
137
|
|
|
|
22
|
|
|
|
116
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
(95
|
)
|
|
|
217
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations
|
|
|
85
|
|
|
|
277
|
|
|
|
91
|
|
|
|
186
|
|
|
12
|
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
650
|
|
Loss from discontinued operations, net of income tax
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(2
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$
|
84
|
|
|
$
|
276
|
|
|
$
|
91
|
|
|
$
|
186
|
|
$
|
12
|
|
|
$
|
(1
|
)
|
|
$
|
648
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Auto &
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Corporate &
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2007
|
|
Institutional
|
|
|
Individual
|
|
Home
|
|
International
|
|
|
Reinsurance
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Statement of Income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Premiums
|
|
$
|
3,125
|
|
|
$
|
1,075
|
|
$
|
716
|
|
$
|
715
|
|
|
$
|
1,126
|
|
|
$
|
8
|
|
|
$
|
6,765
|
|
Universal life and investment-type product policy fees
|
|
|
191
|
|
|
|
853
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
236
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1,280
|
|
Net investment income
|
|
|
1,915
|
|
|
|
1,732
|
|
|
48
|
|
|
250
|
|
|
|
206
|
|
|
|
370
|
|
|
|
4,521
|
|
Other revenues
|
|
|
190
|
|
|
|
146
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
|
18
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
384
|
|
Net investment gains (losses)
|
|
|
(88
|
)
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
12
|
|
|
24
|
|
|
|
(6
|
)
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
(38
|
)
|
Policyholder benefits and claims
|
|
|
3,475
|
|
|
|
1,363
|
|
|
430
|
|
|
592
|
|
|
|
902
|
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
|
6,773
|
|
Interest credited to policyholder account balances
|
|
|
726
|
|
|
|
507
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
78
|
|
|
|
65
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1,376
|
|
Policyholder dividends
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
422
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
424
|
|
Other expenses
|
|
|
600
|
|
|
|
1,049
|
|
|
202
|
|
|
387
|
|
|
|
325
|
|
|
|
333
|
|
|
|
2,896
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations before provision for income tax
|
|
|
532
|
|
|
|
480
|
|
|
154
|
|
|
180
|
|
|
|
52
|
|
|
|
45
|
|
|
|
1,443
|
|
Provision for income tax
|
|
|
180
|
|
|
|
165
|
|
|
41
|
|
|
49
|
|
|
|
18
|
|
|
|
(37
|
)
|
|
|
416
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations
|
|
|
352
|
|
|
|
315
|
|
|
113
|
|
|
131
|
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
|
82
|
|
|
|
1,027
|
|
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income tax
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
(31
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
17
|
|
|
|
(10
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$
|
356
|
|
|
$
|
315
|
|
$
|
113
|
|
$
|
100
|
|
|
$
|
34
|
|
|
$
|
99
|
|
|
$
|
1,017
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
42
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
The following table presents total assets with respect to the
Company’s segments, as well as Corporate & Other,
at:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Institutional
|
|
$
|
205,989
|
|
|
$
|
204,005
|
|
Individual
|
|
|
243,484
|
|
|
|
250,691
|
|
Auto & Home
|
|
|
5,521
|
|
|
|
5,672
|
|
International
|
|
|
29,529
|
|
|
|
26,357
|
|
Reinsurance
|
|
|
21,612
|
|
|
|
21,331
|
|
Corporate & Other
|
|
|
50,997
|
|
|
|
50,506
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
557,132
|
|
|
$
|
558,562
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net investment income and net investment gains (losses) are
based upon the actual results of each segment’s
specifically identifiable asset portfolio adjusted for allocated
equity. Other costs are allocated to each of the segments based
upon: (i) a review of the nature of such costs;
(ii) time studies analyzing the amount of employee
compensation costs incurred by each segment; and (iii) cost
estimates included in the Company’s product pricing.
Revenues derived from any customer did not exceed 10% of
consolidated revenues for the three months ended March 31,
2008 and 2007. Revenues from U.S. operations were
$10.8 billion and $11.2 billion for the three months
ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively, which
represented 83% and 87%, respectively, of consolidated revenues.
|
|
13.
|
Discontinued
Operations
|
Real
Estate
The Company actively manages its real estate portfolio with the
objective of maximizing earnings through selective acquisitions
and dispositions. Income related to real estate classified as
held-for-sale or sold is presented in discontinued operations.
These assets are carried at the lower of depreciated cost or
fair value less expected disposition costs.
The following information presents the components of income
(loss) from discontinued real estate operations:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Investment income
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
7
|
|
Investment expense
|
|
|
(2
|
)
|
|
|
(4
|
)
|
Net investment gains
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues
|
|
|
(2
|
)
|
|
|
8
|
|
Provision for income tax
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income tax
|
|
$
|
(2
|
)
|
|
$
|
5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The carrying value of real estate related to discontinued
operations was $1 million at both March 31, 2008 and
December 31, 2007.
43
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
The following table presents the discontinued real estate
operations by segment:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Net investment income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Institutional
|
|
$
|
(1
|
)
|
|
$
|
2
|
|
Individual
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
Corporate & Other
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total net investment income
|
|
$
|
(2
|
)
|
|
$
|
3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net investment gains (losses)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Institutional
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
5
|
|
Individual
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Corporate & Other
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total net investment gains (losses)
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operations
On August 31, 2007, MetLife Insurance Limited
(“MetLife Australia”) completed the sale of its
annuities and pension businesses to a third party for
$25 million in cash consideration resulting in a gain upon
disposal of $41 million, net of income tax. The Company
reclassified the assets and liabilities of the annuities and
pension businesses within MetLife Australia, which is reported
in the International segment, to assets and liabilities of
subsidiaries held-for-sale and the operations of the business to
discontinued operations for all periods presented. Included
within the assets to be sold were certain fixed maturity
securities in a loss position for which the Company recognized a
net investment loss on a consolidated basis of $34 million,
net of income tax, for the three months ended March 31,
2007, because the Company no longer had the intent to hold such
securities.
The following table presents the amounts related to the
operations and financial position of MetLife Australia’s
annuities and pension businesses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Revenues
|
|
$
|
25
|
|
Expenses
|
|
|
21
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income before provision for income tax
|
|
|
4
|
|
Provision for income tax
|
|
|
1
|
|
Net investment gain (loss), net of income tax
|
|
|
(34
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income tax
|
|
$
|
(31
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
On January 31, 2005, the Company completed the sale of SSRM
Holdings, Inc. (“SSRM”) to a third party. The Company
reported the operations of SSRM in discontinued operations.
Under the terms of the sale agreement, MetLife has had an
opportunity to receive additional payments based on, among other
things, certain revenue retention and growth measures. The
purchase price is also subject to reduction over five years,
depending on retention of certain MetLife-related business. In
the first quarter of 2007, the Company received a payment of
$16 million, net of income tax, as a result of the revenue
retention and growth measure provision in the sales agreement.
44
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
Assets
and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value
Recurring
Fair Value Measurements
The fair value of the Company’s financial instruments which
are measured at fair value in the consolidated financial
statements is estimated as follows:
|
|
|
|
•
|
Fixed Maturity, Equity and Trading Securities and Short-Term
Investments — When available, the estimated fair
value of the Company’s fixed maturity, equity and trading
securities as well as certain short-term investments are based
on quoted prices in active markets that are readily and
regularly obtainable. Generally, these are the most liquid of
the Company’s securities holdings and valuation of these
securities does not involve management judgment.
|
When quoted prices in active markets are not available, the
determination of estimated fair value is based on market
standard valuation methodologies. The market standard valuation
methodologies utilized include: discounted cash flow
methodologies, matrix pricing or other similar techniques. The
assumptions and inputs in applying these market standard
valuation methodologies include, but are not limited to:
interest rates, credit standing of the issuer or counterparty,
industry sector of the issuer, coupon rate, call provisions,
sinking fund requirements, maturity, estimated duration and
management’s assumptions regarding liquidity and estimated
future cash flows. Accordingly, the estimated fair values are
based on available market information and management’s
judgments about financial instruments.
The significant inputs to the market standard valuation
methodologies for certain types of securities with reasonable
levels of price transparency are inputs that are observable in
the market or can be derived principally from or corroborated by
observable market data. Such observable inputs include
benchmarking prices for similar assets in active, liquid
markets, quoted prices in markets that are not active and
observable yields and spreads in the market.
When observable inputs are not available, the market standard
valuation methodologies for determining the estimated fair value
of certain types of securities that trade infrequently, and
therefore have little or no price transparency, rely on inputs
that are significant to the estimated fair value that are not
observable in the market or cannot be derived principally from
or corroborated by observable market data. These unobservable
inputs can be based in large part on management judgment or
estimation, and cannot be supported by reference to market
activity. Even though unobservable, these inputs are based on
assumptions deemed appropriate given the circumstances and
consistent with what other market participants would use when
pricing such securities.
The use of different methodologies, assumptions and inputs may
have a material effect on the estimated fair values of the
Company’s securities holdings.
|
|
|
|
•
|
Derivatives — The fair value of derivatives is
determined through the use of quoted market prices for
exchange-traded derivatives or through the use of pricing models
for over-the-counter derivatives. The determination of fair
value, when quoted market values are not available, is based on
market standard valuation methodologies and inputs that are
assumed to be consistent with what other market participants
would use when pricing the instruments. Derivative valuations
can be affected by changes in interest rates, foreign currency
exchange rates, financial indices, credit spreads, default risk
(including the counterparties to the contract), volatility,
liquidity and changes in estimates and assumptions used in the
pricing models.
|
The significant inputs to the pricing models for most
over-the-counter derivatives are inputs that are observable in
the market or can be derived principally from or corroborated by
observable market data. Significant inputs that are observable
generally include: interest rates, foreign currency exchange
rates, interest rate curves, credit curves and volatility.
However, certain over-the-counter derivatives may rely on
45
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
inputs that are significant to the fair value that are not
observable in the market or cannot be derived principally from
or corroborated by observable market data. Significant inputs
that are unobservable generally include: broker quotes, credit
correlation assumptions, references to emerging market
currencies and inputs that are outside the observable portion of
the interest rate curve, credit curve, volatility or other
relevant market measure. These unobservable inputs may involve
significant management judgment or estimation. Even though
unobservable, these inputs are based on assumptions deemed
appropriate given the circumstances and consistent with what
other market participants would use when pricing such
instruments.
The credit risk of both the counterparty and the Company are
considered in determining the fair value for all
over-the-counter derivatives after taking into account the
effects of netting agreements and collateral arrangements. Most
inputs for over-the-counter derivatives are mid market inputs
but, in certain cases, bid level inputs are used when they are
deemed more representative of exit value.
The use of different methodologies, assumptions and inputs may
have a material effect on the estimated fair values of the
Company’s derivatives and could materially affect net
income.
|
|
|
|
•
|
Embedded Derivatives — Embedded derivatives
principally include certain variable annuity riders, certain
guaranteed investment contracts with equity or bond indexed
crediting rates, assumed reinsurance on equity indexed annuities
and those related to funds withheld on assumed reinsurance.
Embedded derivatives are recorded in the financial statements at
fair value with changes in fair value adjusted through net
income.
|
The Company offers certain variable annuity products with
guaranteed minimum benefit riders. These include guaranteed
minimum withdrawal benefit (“GMWB”) riders, guaranteed
minimum accumulation benefit (“GMAB”) riders, and
certain guaranteed minimum income benefit (“GMIB”)
riders. GMWB, GMAB and certain GMIB riders are embedded
derivatives, which are measured at fair value separately from
the host variable annuity contract, with changes in fair value
reported in net investment gains (losses). These embedded
derivatives are classified within policyholder account balances.
The fair value for these riders is estimated using the present
value of future benefits minus the present value of future fees
using actuarial and capital market assumptions related to the
projected cash flows over the expected lives of the contracts. A
risk neutral valuation methodology is used under which the cash
flows from the riders are projected under multiple capital
market scenarios using observable risk free rates. Effective
January 1, 2008, upon adoption of SFAS No. 157,
the valuation of these riders now includes an adjustment for the
Company’s own credit and risk margins for non-capital
market inputs. The Company’s own credit adjustment is
determined taking into consideration publicly available
information relating to the Company’s debt as well as it
claims paying ability. Risk margins are established to capture
the non-capital market risks of the instrument which represent
the additional compensation a market participant would require
to assume the risks related to the uncertainties of such
actuarial assumptions as annuitization, premium persistency,
partial withdrawal and surrenders. The establishment of risk
margins requires the use of significant management judgment.
These riders may be more costly than expected in volatile or
declining equity markets. Market conditions including, but not
limited to, changes in interest rates, equity indices, market
volatility and foreign currency exchange rates; changes in the
Company’s own credit standing; and variations in actuarial
assumptions regarding policyholder behavior and risk margins
related to non-capital market inputs may result in significant
fluctuations in the fair value of the riders that could
materially affect net income.
The fair value of the embedded equity and bond indexed
derivatives contained in certain guaranteed investment contracts
is determined using market standard swap valuation models and
observable market inputs, including an adjustment for the
Company’s own credit that takes into consideration publicly
available information relating to the Company’s debt as
well as its claims paying ability. The fair value of these
embedded derivatives are included, along with their guaranteed
investment contract host, within policyholder account balances
with changes in fair value recorded in net investment gains
(losses). Changes in equity and bond indices, interest rates and
the Company’s credit standing may result in significant
fluctuations in the fair value of these embedded derivatives
that could materially affect net income.
46
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
The fair value of the embedded derivatives in the assumed
reinsurance on equity indexed annuities is determined using a
market standard method, which includes an estimate of future
equity option purchases and an adjustment for the Company’s
own credit that takes into consideration the Company’s
claims paying ability. The capital market inputs to the model,
such as equity indexes, equity volatility, interest rates and
the credit adjustment, are generally observable. However, the
valuation models also use inputs requiring certain actuarial
assumptions such as future interest margins, policyholder
behavior and explicit risk margins related to non-capital market
inputs, that are generally not observable and may require use of
significant management judgment. The fair value of these
embedded derivatives is included within policyholder account
balances, along with the reinsurance host contract, with changes
in fair value recorded in interest credited to policyholder
account balances. The Company also retrocedes reinsurance on
equity indexed annuities. The embedded derivatives on such
retrocessions are computed in a similar manner and are included
within premiums and other receivables with changes in fair value
recorded in other expenses. Market conditions including, but not
limited to, changes in interest rates, equity indices and equity
volatility; changes in the Company’s own credit standing;
and variations in actuarial assumptions may result in
significant fluctuations in the fair value of these embedded
derivatives which could materially affect net income.
The fair value of the embedded derivatives within funds withheld
at interest related to certain assumed reinsurance is determined
based on the change in fair value of the underlying assets in a
reference portfolio backing the funds withheld receivable. The
fair value of the underlying assets is generally based on
observable market data using valuation methods similar to those
used for assets held directly by the Company. However, the
valuation also requires certain inputs, based on actuarial
assumptions regarding policyholder behavior, which are generally
not observable and may require use of significant management
judgment. The fair value of these embedded derivatives are
included, along with their funds withheld hosts, in other
invested assets with changes in fair value recorded in net
investment gains (losses). Changes in the credit spreads on the
underlying assets, interest rates, market volatility or
assumptions regarding policyholder behavior may result in
significant fluctuations in the fair value of these embedded
derivatives that could materially affect net income.
The accounting for embedded derivatives is complex and
interpretations of the primary accounting standards continue to
evolve in practice. If interpretations change, there is a risk
that features previously not bifurcated may require bifurcation
and reporting at fair value in the unaudited interim condensed
consolidated financial statements and respective changes in fair
value could materially affect net income.
|
|
|
|
•
|
Separate Account Assets — Separate account
assets are carried at fair value and reported as a summarized
total on the consolidated balance sheet in accordance with
Statement of Position (“SOP”)
03-1,
Accounting and Reporting by Insurance Enterprises for Certain
Nontraditional Long-Duration Contracts and for Separate
Accounts. The fair value of separate account assets are
based on the fair value of the underlying assets owned by the
separate account. Assets within the Company’s separate
accounts include: mutual funds, fixed maturity securities,
equity securities, mortgage loans, derivatives, hedge funds,
other limited partnership interests, short-term investments and
cash and cash equivalents. The fair value of mutual funds is
based upon quoted prices or reported net assets values
(“NAVs”) provided by the fund manager and are reviewed
by management to determine whether such values require
adjustment to represent exit value. The fair values of fixed
maturity securities, equity securities, derivatives, short-term
investments and cash and cash equivalents held by separate
accounts are determined on a basis consistent with the
methodologies described herein for similar financial instruments
held within the general account. The fair value of hedge funds
is based upon NAVs provided by the fund manager and are reviewed
by management to determine whether such values require
adjustment to represent exit value. The fair value of mortgage
loans is
|
47
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
determined by discounting expected future cash flows, using
current interest rates for similar loans with similar credit
risk. Other limited partnership interests are valued giving
consideration to the value of the underlying holdings of the
partnerships and by applying a premium or discount, if
appropriate, for factors such as liquidity, bid/ask spreads, the
performance record of the fund manager or other relevant
variables which may impact the exit value of the particular
partnership interest.
The fair value of assets and liabilities measured at fair value
on a recurring basis, including financial instruments for which
the Company has elected the fair value option, and their
corresponding fair value hierarchy, are summarized as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2008
|
|
|
|
Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quoted Prices in
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Active Markets for
|
|
|
Significant Other
|
|
|
Significant
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Identical Assets
|
|
|
Observable
|
|
|
Unobservable
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
and Liabilities
|
|
|
Inputs
|
|
|
Inputs
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
(Level 1)
|
|
|
(Level 2)
|
|
|
(Level 3)
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed maturity securities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U.S. corporate securities
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
67,988
|
|
|
$
|
8,215
|
|
|
$
|
76,203
|
|
Residential mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
54,653
|
|
|
|
1,866
|
|
|
|
56,519
|
|
Foreign corporate securities
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
30,159
|
|
|
|
7,622
|
|
|
|
37,783
|
|
U.S. Treasury/agency securities
|
|
|
5,737
|
|
|
|
16,288
|
|
|
|
62
|
|
|
|
22,087
|
|
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
18,096
|
|
|
|
552
|
|
|
|
18,648
|
|
Foreign government securities
|
|
|
558
|
|
|
|
13,878
|
|
|
|
913
|
|
|
|
15,349
|
|
Asset-backed securities
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
7,407
|
|
|
|
4,171
|
|
|
|
11,578
|
|
State and political subdivision securities
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
5,477
|
|
|
|
137
|
|
|
|
5,622
|
|
Other fixed maturity securities
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
|
273
|
|
|
|
299
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total fixed maturity securities
|
|
|
6,316
|
|
|
|
213,961
|
|
|
|
23,811
|
|
|
|
244,088
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity securities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common stock
|
|
|
1,965
|
|
|
|
589
|
|
|
|
209
|
|
|
|
2,763
|
|
Non-redeemable preferred stock
|
|
|
113
|
|
|
|
700
|
|
|
|
1,957
|
|
|
|
2,770
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total equity securities
|
|
|
2,078
|
|
|
|
1,289
|
|
|
|
2,166
|
|
|
|
5,533
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Trading securities
|
|
|
233
|
|
|
|
396
|
|
|
|
179
|
|
|
|
808
|
|
Short-term investments (1)
|
|
|
1,348
|
|
|
|
798
|
|
|
|
156
|
|
|
|
2,302
|
|
Derivative assets (2)
|
|
|
14
|
|
|
|
4,434
|
|
|
|
1,230
|
|
|
|
5,678
|
|
Net embedded derivatives within asset host contracts (3)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(144
|
)
|
|
|
(144
|
)
|
Separate account assets (4)
|
|
|
117,653
|
|
|
|
33,336
|
|
|
|
1,581
|
|
|
|
152,570
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
$
|
127,642
|
|
|
$
|
254,214
|
|
|
$
|
28,979
|
|
|
$
|
410,835
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Derivative liabilities (2)
|
|
$
|
20
|
|
|
$
|
3,621
|
|
|
$
|
15
|
|
|
$
|
3,656
|
|
Net embedded derivatives within liability host contracts (3)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
25
|
|
|
|
1,361
|
|
|
|
1,386
|
|
Trading liabilities (5)
|
|
|
29
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
29
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities
|
|
$
|
49
|
|
|
$
|
3,646
|
|
|
$
|
1,376
|
|
|
$
|
5,071
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Short-term investments as presented in the table above differ
from the amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheet
because certain short-term investments are not measured at fair
value (e.g. time deposits, money market funds, etc.). |
|
(2) |
|
Derivative assets are presented within other invested assets and
derivatives liabilities are presented within other liabilities.
The amounts are presented gross in the table above to reflect
the presentation in the consolidated balance sheet, but are
presented net for purposes of the rollforward in the following
table. |
|
(3) |
|
Net embedded derivatives within asset host contracts are
principally presented within other invested assets with certain
amounts included within premiums and other receivables. Fixed
maturity securities also |
48
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
|
|
|
|
|
includes embedded derivatives of ($17) million. Net
embedded derivatives within liability host contracts are
presented within policyholder account balances. |
|
(4) |
|
Separate account assets are measured at fair value. Investment
performance related to separate account assets is fully offset
by corresponding amounts credited to contractholders whose
liability is reflected within separate account liabilities.
Separate account liabilities are set equal to the fair value of
separate account assets as prescribed by
SOP 03-1. |
|
(5) |
|
Trading liabilities are presented within other liabilities. |
The Company has categorized its assets and liabilities into the
three-level fair value hierarchy, as defined in Note 1,
based upon the priority of the inputs to the respective
valuation technique. The following summarizes the types of
assets and liabilities included within the three-level fair
value hierarchy presented in the preceding table.
|
|
|
|
Level 1
|
This category includes certain U.S. Treasury and agency
fixed maturity securities, exchange-traded common stock, and
certain short-term money market securities. As it relates to
derivatives, this level includes financial futures including
exchange-traded equity and interest rate futures. Separate
account assets classified within this level principally include
mutual funds. Also included are assets held within separate
accounts which are similar in nature to those classified in this
level for the general account.
|
|
|
Level 2
|
This category includes fixed maturity securities priced
principally through independent pricing services. These fixed
maturity securities include most U.S. Treasury and agency
securities as well as the majority of U.S. and foreign
corporate securities, residential mortgage-backed securities,
commercial mortgage-backed securities, state and political
subdivision securities, foreign government securities, and
asset-backed securities. Equity securities classified as
Level 2 securities consist principally of non-redeemable
preferred stock priced principally through independent pricing
services and certain equity securities where market quotes are
available but are not considered actively traded. Short-term
investments and trading securities included within Level 2
are of a similar nature to these fixed maturity and equity
securities. As it relates to derivatives, this level includes
all types of derivative instruments utilized by the Company with
the exception of exchange-traded futures included within
Level 1 and those derivative instruments with unobservable
inputs as described in Level 3. Separate account assets
classified within this level are generally similar to those
classified within this level for the general account. Hedge
funds owned by separate accounts are also included within this
level. Embedded derivatives include embedded equity derivatives
contained in certain guaranteed investment contracts.
|
|
|
|
|
Level 3
|
This category includes fixed maturity securities priced
principally through independent broker quotes or market standard
valuation methodologies. This level consists of less liquid
fixed maturity securities with very limited trading activity or
where less price transparency exists around the inputs to the
valuation methodologies including: U.S. and foreign
corporate securities — including below investment
grade private placements; residential
mortgage-backed
securities; asset backed securities — including all of
those supported by sub-prime mortgage loans; and other fixed
maturities securities such as structured securities. Equity
securities classified as Level 3 securities consist
principally of common stock of privately held companies and
non-redeemable preferred stock where there has been very limited
trading activity or where less price transparency exists around
the inputs to the valuation. Short-term investments and trading
securities included within Level 3 are of a similar nature
to these fixed maturity and equity securities. As it relates to
derivatives this category includes: financial forwards including
swap spread locks with maturities which extend beyond observable
periods and equity variance swaps with unobservable volatility
inputs; foreign currency swaps which are cancelable and priced
through broker quotes; interest rate swaps with maturities which
extend beyond the observable portion of the yield curve; credit
default swaps based upon baskets of credits having unobservable
credit correlations as well as credit default swaps with
maturities which extend beyond the observable portion of the
credit curves and credit default swaps
|
49
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
|
|
|
|
|
priced through brokers or with liquidity adjustments; foreign
currency forwards priced via broker quotes; equity options with
unobservable volatility inputs; and interest rate caps and
floors referencing unobservable yield curves
and/or which
include liquidity and volatility adjustments. Separate account
assets classified within this level are generally similar to
those classified within this level for the general account;
however, they also include mortgage loans, and other limited
partnership interests. Embedded derivatives included within this
level include embedded derivatives associated with variable
annuity riders, assumed reinsurance on equity indexed annuities
as well as embedded derivatives related to funds withheld on
assumed reinsurance.
|
A rollforward of the fair value measurements for all assets and
liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using
significant unobservable (Level 3) inputs for the
three months ended March 31, 2008 is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
|
|
|
|
for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Realized/Unrealized
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gains (Losses) included in:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Impact of
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchases,
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance,
|
|
|
SFAS 157
|
|
|
Balance,
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
Sales,
|
|
|
Transfer In
|
|
|
Balance,
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
and SFAS 159
|
|
|
January 1,
|
|
|
|
|
|
Comprehensive
|
|
|
Issuances and
|
|
|
and/or Out of
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
Adoption (1)
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
Earnings (2, 3)
|
|
|
Income (Loss)
|
|
|
Settlements (4)
|
|
|
Level 3 (5)
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Fixed maturity securities
|
|
$
|
24,854
|
|
|
$
|
(8
|
)
|
|
$
|
24,846
|
|
|
$
|
(19
|
)
|
|
$
|
(788
|
)
|
|
$
|
144
|
|
|
$
|
(372
|
)
|
|
$
|
23,811
|
|
Equity securities
|
|
|
2,385
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
2,385
|
|
|
|
(36
|
)
|
|
|
(179
|
)
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
(7
|
)
|
|
|
2,166
|
|
Trading securities
|
|
|
183
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
191
|
|
|
|
(5
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
(9
|
)
|
|
|
179
|
|
Short-term investments
|
|
|
179
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
179
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
(25
|
)
|
|
|
156
|
|
Net derivatives (6)
|
|
|
789
|
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
788
|
|
|
|
402
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
25
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1,215
|
|
Separate account assets (7)
|
|
|
1,464
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1,464
|
|
|
|
(8
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
159
|
|
|
|
(34
|
)
|
|
|
1,581
|
|
Net embedded derivatives (8)
|
|
|
(843
|
)
|
|
|
41
|
|
|
|
(802
|
)
|
|
|
(661
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(42
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(1,505
|
)
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Impact of SFAS 157 adoption represents the amount
recognized in earnings as a change in estimate upon the adoption
of SFAS 157 associated with Level 3 financial
instruments held at January 1, 2008. |
|
(2) |
|
Amortization of premium/discount is included within net
investment income which is reported within the earnings caption
of total gains/losses. Impairments are included within net
investment gains (losses) which is reported within the earnings
caption of total gains/losses. Lapses associated with embedded
derivatives are included with the earnings caption of total
gains/losses. |
|
(3) |
|
Interest and dividend accruals, as well as cash interest coupons
and dividends received, are excluded from the rollforward. |
|
(4) |
|
The amount reported within purchases, sales, issuances and
settlements is the purchase/issuance price (for purchases and
issuances) and the sales/settlement proceeds (for sales and
settlements) based upon the actual date purchased/issued or
sold/settled. Items purchased/issued and sold/settled in the
same period are excluded from the rollforward. For embedded
derivatives, attributed fees are included within this caption
along with settlements, if any. |
|
(5) |
|
Total gains and losses (in earnings and other comprehensive
income (loss)) are calculated assuming transfers in (out) of
Level 3 occurred at the beginning of the period. Items
transferred in and out in the same period are excluded from the
rollforward. |
|
(6) |
|
Freestanding derivative assets and liabilities are presented net
for purposes of the rollforward. |
|
(7) |
|
Investment performance related to separate account assets is
fully offset by corresponding amounts credited to
contractholders whose liability is reflected within separate
account liabilities. |
|
(8) |
|
Embedded derivative assets and liabilities are presented net for
purposes of the rollforward. |
|
(9) |
|
Amounts presented do not reflect any associated hedging
activities. Actual earnings associated with Level 3,
inclusive of hedging activities, could differ materially. |
50
MetLife,
Inc.
Notes to
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited) — (Continued)
The table below summarizes both realized and unrealized gains
and losses for the three months ended March 31, 2008 due to
changes in fair value recorded in earnings for Level 3
assets and liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Gains and Losses
|
|
|
|
Classification of Realized/Unrealized Gains (Losses) included
in Earnings
|
|
|
|
for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2008:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
|
|
|
Net
|
|
|
Credited to
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment
|
|
|
Investment
|
|
|
Policyholder
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income
|
|
|
Gains (Losses)
|
|
|
Account Balances
|
|
|
Expenses
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Fixed maturity securities
|
|
$
|
32
|
|
|
$
|
(51
|
)
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
(19
|
)
|
Equity securities
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(36
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(36
|
)
|
Trading securities
|
|
|
(5
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(5
|
)
|
Net derivatives
|
|
|
23
|
|
|
|
379
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
402
|
|
Net embedded derivatives
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(630
|
)
|
|
|
(38
|
)
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
|
(661
|
)
|
The table below summarizes the portion of unrealized gains and
losses recorded in earnings for the three months ended
March 31, 2008 for Level 3 assets and liabilities that
are still held at March 31, 2008.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in Unrealized Gains (Losses)
|
|
|
|
for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2008 Relating to Assets Held at March 31, 2008:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
|
|
|
Net
|
|
|
Credited to
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment
|
|
|
Investment
|
|
|
Policyholder
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income
|
|
|
Gains (Losses)
|
|
|
Account Balances
|
|
|
Expenses
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Fixed maturity securities
|
|
$
|
33
|
|
|
$
|
(26
|
)
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
7
|
|
Equity securities
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(37
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(37
|
)
|
Trading securities
|
|
|
(3
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(3
|
)
|
Net derivatives
|
|
|
23
|
|
|
|
373
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
396
|
|
Net embedded derivatives
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(633
|
)
|
|
|
(53
|
)
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
(678
|
)
|
Nonrecurring
Fair Value Measurements
Certain non-financial assets are measured at fair value on a
non-recurring basis (e.g. goodwill and other intangibles
considered impaired). At March 31, 2008, the Company held
$474 million in impaired mortgage loans, of which
$435 million relate to mortgage loans held-for-sale, that
were recorded based on the fair value of the underlying
collateral or broker quotes, if lower. These impaired mortgage
loans were recorded at fair value and represent a nonrecurring
fair value measurement. The fair value is categorized as
Level 3. Included within net investment gains (losses) for
such impaired mortgage loans are net impairments of
$29 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008.
On April 22, 2008, the Company’s Board of Directors
authorized an additional $1 billion common stock repurchase
program, which will begin after the completion of the
$1 billion common stock repurchase program authorized in
January 2008.
On April 8, 2008, MetLife Capital Trust X, a VIE
consolidated by the Company, issued $750 million of
exchangeable surplus trust securities.
51
|
|
Item 2.
|
Management’s
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations
|
For purposes of this discussion, “MetLife” or the
“Company” refers to MetLife, Inc., a Delaware
corporation incorporated in 1999 (the “Holding
Company”), and its subsidiaries, including Metropolitan
Life Insurance Company (“MLIC”). Following this
summary is a discussion addressing the consolidated results of
operations and financial condition of the Company for the
periods indicated. This discussion should be read in conjunction
with MetLife, Inc.’s Annual Report on
Form 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2007 (“2007 Annual
Report”) filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange
Commission (“SEC”), the forward-looking statement
information included below and the Company’s unaudited
interim condensed consolidated financial statements included
elsewhere herein.
This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations contains statements which
constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the
Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including
statements relating to trends in the operations and financial
results and the business and the products of MetLife, Inc. and
its subsidiaries, as well as other statements including words
such as “anticipate,” “believe,”
“plan,” “estimate,” “expect,”
“intend” and other similar expressions.
Forward-looking statements are made based upon management’s
current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments
and their potential effects on the Company. Such forward-looking
statements are not guarantees of future performance.
Actual results may differ materially from those included in the
forward-looking statements as a result of risks and
uncertainties including, but not limited to, the following:
(i) changes in general economic conditions, including the
performance of financial markets and interest rates, which may
affect the Company’s ability to raise capital;
(ii) heightened competition, including with respect to
pricing, entry of new competitors, the development of new
products by new and existing competitors and for personnel;
(iii) investment losses and defaults, and changes to
investment valuations; (iv) unanticipated changes in
industry trends; (v) catastrophe losses;
(vi) ineffectiveness of risk management policies and
procedures; (vii) changes in accounting standards,
practices
and/or
policies; (viii) changes in assumptions related to deferred
policy acquisition costs (“DAC”), value of business
acquired (“VOBA”) or goodwill; (ix) discrepancies
between actual claims experience and assumptions used in setting
prices for the Company’s products and establishing the
liabilities for the Company’s obligations for future policy
benefits and claims; (x) discrepancies between actual
experience and assumptions used in establishing liabilities
related to other contingencies or obligations; (xi) adverse
results or other consequences from litigation, arbitration or
regulatory investigations; (xii) downgrades in the
Company’s and its affiliates’ claims paying ability,
financial strength or credit ratings; (xiii) regulatory,
legislative or tax changes that may affect the cost of, or
demand for, the Company’s products or services;
(xiv) MetLife, Inc.’s primary reliance, as a holding
company, on dividends from its subsidiaries to meet debt payment
obligations and the applicable regulatory restrictions on the
ability of the subsidiaries to pay such dividends;
(xv) deterioration in the experience of the “closed
block” established in connection with the reorganization of
MLIC; (xvi) economic, political, currency and other risks
relating to the Company’s international operations;
(xvii) the effects of business disruption or economic
contraction due to terrorism or other hostilities;
(xviii) the Company’s ability to identify and
consummate on successful terms any future acquisitions, and to
successfully integrate acquired businesses with minimal
disruption; and (xix) other risks and uncertainties
described from time to time in MetLife’s filings with the
SEC.
The Company specifically disclaims any obligation to update or
revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new
information, future developments or otherwise.
Executive
Summary
MetLife is a leading provider of insurance and other financial
services with operations throughout the United States and
the regions of Latin America, Europe, and Asia Pacific. Through
its domestic and international subsidiaries and affiliates,
MetLife, Inc. offers life insurance, annuities, automobile and
homeowners insurance, retail banking and other financial
services to individuals, as well as group insurance, reinsurance
and retirement & savings products and services to
corporations and other institutions. MetLife is organized into
five operating segments: Institutional, Individual,
Auto & Home, International and Reinsurance, as well as
Corporate & Other.
52
Three
Months Ended March 31, 2008 compared with the Three Months
Ended March 31, 2007
The Company reported $615 million in net income available
to common shareholders and earnings per diluted common share of
$0.84 for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to
$983 million in net income available to common shareholders
and earnings per diluted common share of $1.28 for the three
months ended March 31, 2007. Net income available to common
shareholders decreased by $368 million, or 37%, for the
three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the 2007
period.
The decrease in net income available to common shareholders was
principally due to an increase in net investment losses of
$551 million, net of income tax, primarily due to increased
losses on derivatives, primarily interest rate swaps due to
declining short-term interest rates, foreign exchange swaps due
to the decline in the U.S. dollar with respect to several
foreign currencies, increased losses on various guaranteed
minimum benefit riders, partially offset by a gain from the
widening of the Company’s own credit spread, an increase in
foreign currency translation losses and impairments on fixed
maturity and equity securities and mortgage and consumer loans.
The net effect of increases in premiums, fees and other revenues
of $634 million, net of income tax, across all of the
Company’s operating segments and increases in policyholder
benefit and claims and policyholder dividends of
$634 million, net of income tax, was attributable to
overall business growth.
A decrease in interest credited to policyholder account balances
of $42 million, net of income tax, resulted from the
decline in average crediting rates, which was largely due to the
impact of lower short-term interest rates in the current period,
offset by an increase solely from growth in the average
policyholder account balance, primarily the result of continued
growth in the global GIC and funding agreement products all of
which occurred within the Institutional segment. Additionally,
interest credited declined within the International segment as a
result of a reduction in interest credited to unit-linked
policyholder liabilities resulting from losses in the related
trading portfolios.
The decrease in other expenses of $143 million, net of
income tax, was principally driven by lower DAC amortization
resulting from higher net investment losses, higher DAC
amortization in the prior period due to the adoption of
Statement of Position (“SOP”)
05-1,
Accounting by Insurance Enterprises for Deferred Acquisition
Costs in Connection with Modifications or Exchanges of Insurance
Contracts
(“SOP 05-1”)
and lower DAC amortization in the current period resulting from
the change in the value of embedded derivatives associated with
modified coinsurance arrangements primarily as a result of the
impact of widening credit spreads in the U.S. debt markets
and changes in risk-free rates used in the computation of the
value of the embedded derivatives. Other expenses also decreased
due to a reduction in minority interest expense, lower corporate
support expenses, and the reduction of a servicing obligation in
Argentina. Offsetting these decreases were higher interest
expense as well as the impact of foreign currency and business
growth within the International segment.
The remainder of the variance is due to the change in effective
tax rates between periods.
Acquisitions
In 2008, the Company completed, in its International and
Institutional segments, acquisitions which were accounted for
using the purchase method of accounting. As a result of these
acquisitions, goodwill and other intangible assets increased by
$169 million and $149 million, respectively.
Industry
Trends
The Company’s segments continue to be influenced by a
variety of trends that affect the industry.
Financial and Economic Environment. The stress
experienced by global capital markets that began in the second
half of 2007 continued and increased during the first quarter of
2008. During 2007 and the first quarter of 2008, the global
capital markets reassessed the credit risk inherent in sub-prime
mortgage loans, which led to a broad repricing of credit risk
assets and strained market liquidity. Global central banks
intervened to stabilize market conditions and protect against
downside risks to economic growth. The U.S. Federal Reserve
intervened to provide emergency funding to the nation’s
fifth largest investment bank during the first quarter of 2008
in addition to using new techniques to improve market liquidity.
Still, market and economic conditions deteriorated further. The
economic community’s consensus outlook of global economic
growth is lower for calendar year 2008, with a majority of
economists forecasting a recessionary environment. The global
capital markets have adjusted towards this consensus outlook,
with interest rates
53
and equity prices falling and risk spreads widening further
during the first quarter of 2008. Slow growth and recessionary
periods are often associated with declining asset prices, lower
interest rates, credit rating agency downgrades and increasing
default losses. The global capital markets are also less liquid
now than in more normal environments. Liquidity conditions
impact the cost of purchasing and selling assets and, at times,
the ability to purchase or sell assets. These adjustments in the
global capital markets have also resulted in higher realized and
expected volatility.
Factors such as consumer spending, business investment,
government spending, the volatility and strength of the capital
markets, and inflation all affect the business and economic
environment and, ultimately, the amount and profitability of our
business. In an economic downturn characterized by higher
unemployment, lower family income, lower corporate earnings,
lower business investment and lower consumer spending, the
demand for financial and insurance products could be adversely
affected. Adverse changes in the economy could affect earnings
negatively and could have a material adverse effect on our
business, results of operations and financial condition. The
current mortgage crisis has also raised the possibility of
future legislative and regulatory actions. We cannot predict
whether or when such actions may occur, or what impact, if any,
such actions could have on our business, results of operations
and financial condition.
Demographics. In the coming decade, a key
driver shaping the actions of the life insurance industry will
be the rising income protection, wealth accumulation and needs
of the retiring Baby Boomers. As a result of increasing
longevity, retirees will need to accumulate sufficient savings
to finance retirements that may span 30 or more years. Helping
the Baby Boomers to accumulate assets for retirement and
subsequently to convert these assets into retirement income
represents an opportunity for the life insurance industry.
Life insurers are well positioned to address the Baby
Boomers’ rapidly increasing need for savings tools and for
income protection. The Company believes that, among life
insurers, those with strong brands, high financial strength
ratings and broad distribution, are best positioned to
capitalize on the opportunity to offer income protection
products to Baby Boomers.
Moreover, the life insurance industry’s products and the
needs they are designed to address are complex. The Company
believes that individuals approaching retirement age will need
to seek information to plan for and manage their retirements and
that, in the workplace, as employees take greater responsibility
for their benefit options and retirement planning, they will
need information about their possible individual needs. One of
the challenges for the life insurance industry will be the
delivery of this information in a cost effective manner.
Competitive Pressures. The life insurance
industry remains highly competitive. The product development and
product life-cycles have shortened in many product segments,
leading to more intense competition with respect to product
features. Larger companies have the ability to invest in brand
equity, product development, technology and risk management,
which are among the fundamentals for sustained profitable growth
in the life insurance industry. In addition, several of the
industry’s products can be quite homogeneous and subject to
intense price competition. Sufficient scale, financial strength
and financial flexibility are becoming prerequisites for
sustainable growth in the life insurance industry. Larger market
participants tend to have the capacity to invest in additional
distribution capability and the information technology needed to
offer the superior customer service demanded by an increasingly
sophisticated industry client base.
Regulatory Changes. The life insurance
industry is regulated at the state level, with some products and
services also subject to federal regulation. As life insurers
introduce new and often more complex products, regulators refine
capital requirements and introduce new reserving standards for
the life insurance industry. Regulations recently adopted or
currently under review can potentially impact the reserve and
capital requirements of the industry. In addition, regulators
have undertaken market and sales practices reviews of several
markets or products, including equity-indexed annuities,
variable annuities and group products.
Pension Plans. On August 17, 2006,
President Bush signed the Pension Protection Act of 2006
(“PPA”) into law. The PPA is considered to be the most
sweeping pension legislation since the adoption of the Employee
Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”) on
September 2, 1974. The provisions of the PPA may, over
time, have a significant impact on demand for pension,
retirement savings, and lifestyle protection products in both
the institutional and retail markets. The impact of the
legislation may have a positive effect on the life insurance and
financial services industries in the future.
54
Summary
of Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of
America (“GAAP”) requires management to adopt
accounting policies and make estimates and assumptions that
affect amounts reported in the unaudited interim condensed
consolidated financial statements. The most critical estimates
include those used in determining:
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(i)
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the fair value of investments in the absence of quoted market
values;
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(ii)
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investment impairments;
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(iii)
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the recognition of income on certain investment entities;
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(iv)
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the application of the consolidation rules to certain
investments;
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(v)
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the existence and fair value of embedded derivatives requiring
bifurcation;
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(vi)
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the fair value of and accounting for derivatives;
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(vii)
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the capitalization and amortization of DAC and the establishment
and amortization of VOBA;
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(viii)
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the measurement of goodwill and related impairment, if any;
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(ix)
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the liability for future policyholder benefits;
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(x)
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accounting for income taxes and the valuation of deferred tax
assets;
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(xi)
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accounting for reinsurance transactions;
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(xii)
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accounting for employee benefit plans; and
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(xiii)
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the liability for litigation and regulatory matters.
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The application of purchase accounting requires the use of
estimation techniques in determining the fair values of assets
acquired and liabilities assumed — the most
significant of which relate to the aforementioned critical
estimates. In applying the Company’s accounting policies,
which are more fully described in the 2007 Annual Report,
management makes subjective and complex judgments that
frequently require estimates about matters that are inherently
uncertain. Many of these policies, estimates and related
judgments are common in the insurance and financial services
industries; others are specific to the Company’s businesses
and operations. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
Investments
The Company’s principal investments are in fixed maturity,
equity and trading securities, mortgage and consumer loans,
policy loans, real estate, real estate joint ventures and other
limited partnership interests, short-term investments, and other
invested assets. The Company’s investments are exposed to
three primary sources of risk: credit, interest rate and market
valuation. The financial statement risks, stemming from such
investment risks, are those associated with the determination of
fair values, the recognition of impairments, the recognition of
income on certain investments, and the potential consolidation
of previously unconsolidated entities.
The Company’s investments in fixed maturity and equity
securities, which are classified as available-for-sale,
investments in trading securities, and certain short-term
investments are reported at their estimated fair value. In
determining the estimated fair value of these securities,
various methodologies, assumptions and inputs are utilized, as
described further below.
When available, the estimated fair value of securities is based
on quoted prices in active markets that are readily and
regularly obtainable. Generally, these are the most liquid of
the Company’s securities holdings and valuation of these
securities does not involve management judgment.
When quoted prices in active markets are not available, the
determination of estimated fair value is based on market
standard valuation methodologies. The market standard valuation
methodologies utilized include: discounted cash flow
methodologies, matrix pricing or other similar techniques. The
assumptions and inputs in
55
applying these market standard valuation methodologies include,
but are not limited to: interest rates, credit standing of the
issuer or counterparty, industry sector of the issuer, coupon
rate, call provisions, sinking fund requirements, maturity,
estimated duration and management’s assumptions regarding
liquidity and estimated future cash flows. Accordingly, the
estimated fair values are based on available market information
and management’s judgments about financial instruments.
The significant inputs to the market standard valuation
methodologies for certain types of securities with reasonable
levels of price transparency are inputs that are observable in
the market or can be derived principally from or corroborated by
observable market data. Such observable inputs include
benchmarking prices for similar assets in active, liquid
markets, quoted prices in markets that are not active and
observable yields and spreads in the market.
When observable inputs are not available, the market standard
valuation methodologies for determining the estimated fair value
of certain types of securities that trade infrequently, and
therefore have little or no price transparency, rely on inputs
that are significant to the estimated fair value that are not
observable in the market or cannot be derived principally from
or corroborated by observable market data. These unobservable
inputs can be based in large part on management judgment or
estimation, and cannot be supported by reference to market
activity. Even though unobservable, these inputs are based on
assumptions deemed appropriate given the circumstances and
consistent with what other market participants would use when
pricing such securities.
The use of different methodologies, assumptions and inputs may
have a material effect on the estimated fair values of the
Company’s securities holdings.
One of the significant estimates related to available-for-sale
securities is the evaluation of investments for
other-than-temporary impairments. The assessment of whether
impairments have occurred is based on management’s
case-by-case
evaluation of the underlying reasons for the decline in fair
value. The Company’s review of its fixed maturity and
equity securities for impairments includes an analysis of the
total gross unrealized losses by three categories of securities:
(i) securities where the estimated fair value had declined
and remained below cost or amortized cost by less than 20%;
(ii) securities where the estimated fair value had declined
and remained below cost or amortized cost by 20% or more for
less than six months; and (iii) securities where the
estimated fair value had declined and remained below cost or
amortized cost by 20% or more for six months or greater.
Additionally, management considers a wide range of factors about
the security issuer and uses its best judgment in evaluating the
cause of the decline in the estimated fair value of the security
and in assessing the prospects for near-term recovery. Inherent
in management’s evaluation of the security are assumptions
and estimates about the operations of the issuer and its future
earnings potential. Considerations used by the Company in the
impairment evaluation process include, but are not limited to:
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(i)
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the length of time and the extent to which the market value has
been below cost or amortized cost;
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(ii)
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the potential for impairments of securities when the issuer is
experiencing significant financial difficulties;
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(iii)
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the potential for impairments in an entire industry sector or
sub-sector;
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(iv)
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the potential for impairments in certain economically depressed
geographic locations;
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(v)
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the potential for impairments of securities where the issuer,
series of issuers or industry has suffered a catastrophic type
of loss or has exhausted natural resources;
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(vi)
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the Company’s ability and intent to hold the security for a
period of time sufficient to allow for the recovery of its value
to an amount equal to or greater than cost or amortized cost;
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(vii)
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unfavorable changes in forecasted cash flows on mortgage-backed
and asset-backed securities; and
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(viii)
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other subjective factors, including concentrations and
information obtained from regulators and rating agencies.
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56
The cost of fixed maturity and equity securities is adjusted for
impairments in value deemed to be other-than-temporary in the
period in which the determination is made. These impairments are
included within net investment gains (losses) and the cost basis
of the fixed maturity and equity securities is reduced
accordingly. The Company does not change the revised cost basis
for subsequent recoveries in value.
The determination of the amount of allowances and impairments on
other invested asset classes is highly subjective and is based
upon the Company’s periodic evaluation and assessment of
known and inherent risks associated with the respective asset
class. Such evaluations and assessments are revised as
conditions change and new information becomes available.
Management updates its evaluations regularly and reflects
changes in allowances and impairments in operations as such
evaluations are revised.
The recognition of income on certain investments (e.g.
loan-backed securities, including mortgage-backed and
asset-backed securities, certain structured investment
transactions, trading securities, etc.) is dependent upon market
conditions, which could result in prepayments and changes in
amounts to be earned.
Additionally, when the Company enters into certain structured
investment transactions, real estate joint ventures and other
limited partnerships for which the Company may be deemed to be
the primary beneficiary under Financial Accounting Standards
Board (“FASB”) Interpretation (“FIN”)
No. 46(r), Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities
— An Interpretation of Accounting Research
Bulletin No. 51 (“FIN 46(r)”), it
may be required to consolidate such investments. The accounting
rules for the determination of the primary beneficiary are
complex and require evaluation of the contractual rights and
obligations associated with each party involved in the entity,
an estimate of the entity’s expected losses and expected
residual returns and the allocation of such estimates to each
party involved in the entity.
The use of different methodologies and assumptions as to the
determination of the fair value of investments, the timing and
amount of impairments, the recognition of income, or
consolidation of investments may have a material effect on the
amounts presented within the consolidated financial statements.
Derivative
Financial Instruments
The Company enters into freestanding derivative transactions
including swaps, forwards, futures and option contracts. The
Company uses derivatives primarily to manage various risks. The
risks being managed are variability in cash flows or changes in
fair values related to financial instruments and currency
exposure associated with net investments in certain foreign
operations. To a lesser extent, the Company uses credit
derivatives, such as credit default swaps, to synthetically
replicate investment risks and returns which are not readily
available in the cash market.
The fair value of derivatives is determined through the use of
quoted market prices for exchange-traded derivatives or through
the use of pricing models for over-the-counter derivatives. The
determination of fair value, when quoted market values are not
available, is based on market standard valuation methodologies
and inputs that are assumed to be consistent with what other
market participants would use when pricing the instruments.
Derivative valuations can be affected by changes in interest
rates, foreign currency exchange rates, financial indices,
credit spreads, default risk (including the counterparties to
the contract), volatility, liquidity and changes in estimates
and assumptions used in the pricing models.
The significant inputs to the pricing models for most
over-the-counter derivatives are inputs that are observable in
the market or can be derived principally from or corroborated by
observable market data. Significant inputs that are observable
generally include: interest rates, foreign currency exchange
rates, interest rate curves, credit curves, and volatility.
However, certain over-the-counter derivatives may rely on inputs
that are significant to the fair value that are not observable
in the market or cannot be derived principally from or
corroborated by observable market data. Significant inputs that
are unobservable generally include: broker quotes, credit
correlation assumptions, references to emerging market
currencies, and inputs that are outside the observable portion
of the interest rate curve, credit curve, volatility, or other
relevant market measure. These unobservable inputs may involve
significant management judgment or estimation. Even though
unobservable, these inputs are based on assumptions deemed
appropriate given the circumstances and consistent with what
other market participants would use when pricing such
instruments.
57
The credit risk of both the counterparty and the Company are
considered in determining the fair value for all
over-the-counter derivatives after taking into account the
effects of netting agreements and collateral arrangements. Most
inputs for over-the-counter derivatives are mid market inputs
but, in certain cases, bid level inputs are used when they are
deemed more representative of exit value.
The use of different methodologies, assumptions and inputs may
have a material effect on the estimated fair values of the
Company’s derivatives and could materially affect net
income. Also, fluctuations in the fair value of derivatives
which have not been designated for hedge accounting may result
in significant volatility in net income.
The accounting for derivatives is complex and interpretations of
the primary accounting standards continue to evolve in practice.
Judgment is applied in determining the availability and
application of hedge accounting designations and the appropriate
accounting treatment under these accounting standards. If it was
determined that hedge accounting designations were not
appropriately applied, reported net income could be materially
affected. Differences in judgment as to the availability and
application of hedge accounting designations and the appropriate
accounting treatment may result in a differing impact on the
consolidated financial statements of the Company from that
previously reported. Measurements of ineffectiveness of hedging
relationships are also subject to interpretations and
estimations and different interpretations or estimates may have
a material effect on the amount reported in net income.
Embedded
Derivatives
Embedded derivatives principally include certain variable
annuity riders, certain guaranteed investment contracts with
equity or bond indexed crediting rates, assumed reinsurance on
equity indexed annuities and those related to funds withheld on
assumed reinsurance. Embedded derivatives are recorded in the
financial statements at fair value with changes in fair value
adjusted through net income.
The Company offers certain variable annuity products with
guaranteed minimum benefit riders. These include guaranteed
minimum withdrawal benefit (“GMWB”) riders, guaranteed
minimum accumulation benefit (“GMAB”) riders, and
certain guaranteed minimum income benefit (“GMIB”)
riders. GMWB, GMAB and certain GMIB riders are embedded
derivatives, which are measured at fair value separately from
the host variable annuity contract, with changes in fair value
reported in net investment gains (losses). These embedded
derivatives are classified within policyholder account balances.
The fair value for these riders is estimated using the present
value of future benefits minus the present value of future fees
using actuarial and capital market assumptions related to the
projected cash flows over the expected lives of the contracts. A
risk neutral valuation methodology is used under which the cash
flows from the riders are projected under multiple capital
market scenarios using observable risk free rates. Effective
January 1, 2008, upon adoption of Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 157, Fair
Value Measurements (“SFAS 157”), the
valuation of these riders now includes an adjustment for the
Company’s own credit and risk margins for non-capital
market inputs. The Company’s own credit adjustment is
determined taking into consideration publicly available
information relating to the Company’s debt as well as it
claims paying ability. Risk margins are established to capture
the non-capital market risks of the instrument which represent
the additional compensation a market participant would require
to assume the risks related to the uncertainties of such
actuarial assumptions as annuitization, premium persistency,
partial withdrawal and surrenders. The establishment of risk
margins requires the use of significant management judgment.
These riders may be more costly than expected in volatile or
declining equity markets. Market conditions including, but not
limited to, changes in interest rates, equity indices, market
volatility and foreign currency exchange rates; changes in the
Company’s own credit standing; and variations in actuarial
assumptions regarding policyholder behavior and risk margins
related to non-capital market inputs may result in significant
fluctuations in the fair value of the riders that could
materially affect net income.
The fair value of the embedded equity and bond indexed
derivatives contained in certain guaranteed investment contracts
is determined using market standard swap valuation models and
observable market inputs, including an adjustment for the
Company’s own credit that takes into consideration publicly
available information relating to the Company’s debt as
well as its claims paying ability. The fair value of these
embedded derivatives are included, along with their guaranteed
investment contract host, within policyholder account balances
with changes in fair value recorded in net investment gains
(losses). Changes in equity and bond indices, interest
58
rates and the Company’s credit standing may result in
significant fluctuations in the fair value of these embedded
derivatives that could materially affect net income.
The fair value of the embedded derivatives in the assumed
reinsurance on equity indexed annuities is determined using a
market standard method, which includes an estimate of future
equity option purchases and an adjustment for the Company’s
own credit that takes into consideration the Company’s
claims paying ability. The capital market inputs to the model,
such as equity indexes, equity volatility, interest rates and
the credit adjustment, are generally observable. However, the
valuation models also use inputs requiring certain actuarial
assumptions such as future interest margins, policyholder
behavior and explicit risk margins related to non-capital market
inputs, that are generally not observable and may require use of
significant management judgment. The fair value of these
embedded derivatives is included within policyholder account
balances, along with the reinsurance host contract, with changes
in fair value recorded in interest credited to policyholder
account balances. The Company also retrocedes reinsurance on
equity indexed annuities. The embedded derivatives on such
retrocessions are computed in a similar manner and are included
within premiums and other receivables with changes in fair value
recorded in other expenses. Market conditions including, but not
limited to, changes in interest rates, equity indices and equity
volatility; changes in the Company’s own credit standing;
and variations in actuarial assumptions may result in
significant fluctuations in the fair value of these embedded
derivatives which could materially affect net income.
The fair value of the embedded derivatives within funds withheld
at interest related to certain assumed reinsurance is determined
based on the change in fair value of the underlying assets in a
reference portfolio backing the funds withheld receivable. The
fair value of the underlying assets is generally based on
observable market data using valuation methods similar to those
used for assets held directly by the Company. However, the
valuation also requires certain inputs, based on actuarial
assumptions regarding policyholder behavior, which are generally
not observable and may require use of significant management
judgment. The fair value of these embedded derivatives are
included, along with their funds withheld hosts, in other
invested assets with changes in fair value recorded in net
investment gains (losses). Changes in the credit spreads on the
underlying assets, interest rates, market volatility or
assumptions regarding policyholder behavior may result in
significant fluctuations in the fair value of these embedded
derivatives that could materially affect net income.
The accounting for embedded derivatives is complex and
interpretations of the primary accounting standards continue to
evolve in practice. If interpretations change, there is a risk
that features previously not bifurcated may require bifurcation
and reporting at fair value in the unaudited interim condensed
consolidated financial statements and respective changes in fair
value could materially affect net income.
Deferred
Policy Acquisition Costs and Value of Business
Acquired
The Company incurs significant costs in connection with
acquiring new and renewal insurance business. Costs that vary
with and relate to the production of new business are deferred
as DAC. Such costs consist principally of commissions and agency
and policy issue expenses. VOBA is an intangible asset that
reflects the estimated fair value of in-force contracts in a
life insurance company acquisition and represents the portion of
the purchase price that is allocated to the value of the right
to receive future cash flows from the business in-force at the
acquisition date. VOBA is based on actuarially determined
projections, by each block of business, of future policy and
contract charges, premiums, mortality and morbidity, separate
account performance, surrenders, operating expenses, investment
returns and other factors. Actual experience on the purchased
business may vary from these projections. The recovery of DAC
and VOBA is dependent upon the future profitability of the
related business. DAC and VOBA are aggregated in the financial
statements for reporting purposes.
DAC for property and casualty insurance contracts, which is
primarily composed of commissions and certain underwriting
expenses, is amortized on a pro rata basis over the applicable
contract term or reinsurance treaty.
DAC and VOBA on life insurance or investment-type contracts are
amortized in proportion to gross premiums, gross margins or
gross profits, depending on the type of contract as described
below.
The Company amortizes DAC and VOBA related to non-participating
and non-dividend-paying traditional contracts (term insurance,
non-participating whole life insurance, non-medical health
insurance, and traditional group life insurance) over the entire
premium paying period in proportion to the present value of
actual historic and
59
expected future gross premiums. The present value of expected
premiums is based upon the premium requirement of each policy
and assumptions for mortality, morbidity, persistency, and
investment returns at policy issuance, or policy acquisition, as
it relates to VOBA, that include provisions for adverse
deviation and are consistent with the assumptions used to
calculate future policyholder benefit liabilities. These
assumptions are not revised after policy issuance or acquisition
unless the DAC or VOBA balance is deemed to be unrecoverable
from future expected profits. Absent a premium deficiency,
variability in amortization after policy issuance or acquisition
is caused only by variability in premium volumes.
The Company amortizes DAC and VOBA related to participating,
dividend-paying traditional contracts over the estimated lives
of the contracts in proportion to actual and expected future
gross margins. The amortization includes interest based on rates
in effect at inception or acquisition of the contracts. The
future gross margins are dependent principally on investment
returns, policyholder dividend scales, mortality, persistency,
expenses to administer the business, creditworthiness of
reinsurance counterparties, and certain economic variables, such
as inflation. For participating contracts (dividend paying
traditional contracts within the closed block) future gross
margins are also dependent upon changes in the policyholder
dividend obligation. Of these factors, the Company anticipates
that investment returns, expenses, persistency, and other factor
changes and policyholder dividend scales are reasonably likely
to impact significantly the rate of DAC and VOBA amortization.
Each reporting period, the Company updates the estimated gross
margins with the actual gross margins for that period. When the
actual gross margins change from previously estimated gross
margins, the cumulative DAC and VOBA amortization is
re-estimated
and adjusted by a cumulative charge or credit to current
operations. When actual gross margins exceed those previously
estimated, the DAC and VOBA amortization will increase,
resulting in a current period charge to earnings. The opposite
result occurs when the actual gross margins are below the
previously estimated gross margins. Each reporting period, the
Company also updates the actual amount of business in-force,
which impacts expected future gross margins.
The Company amortizes DAC and VOBA related to fixed and variable
universal life contracts and fixed and variable deferred annuity
contracts over the estimated lives of the contracts in
proportion to actual and expected future gross profits. The
amortization includes interest based on rates in effect at
inception or acquisition of the contracts. The amount of future
gross profits is dependent principally upon returns in excess of
the amounts credited to policyholders, mortality, persistency,
interest crediting rates, expenses to administer the business,
creditworthiness of reinsurance counterparties, the effect of
any hedges used, and certain economic variables, such as
inflation. Of these factors, the Company anticipates that
investment returns, expenses, and persistency are reasonably
likely to impact significantly the rate of DAC and VOBA
amortization. Each reporting period, the Company updates the
estimated gross profits with the actual gross profits for that
period. When the actual gross profits change from previously
estimated gross profits, the cumulative DAC and VOBA
amortization is re-estimated and adjusted by a cumulative charge
or credit to current operations. When actual gross profits
exceed those previously estimated, the DAC and VOBA amortization
will increase, resulting in a current period charge to earnings.
The opposite result occurs when the actual gross profits are
below the previously estimated gross profits. Each reporting
period, the Company also updates the actual amount of business
remaining in-force, which impacts expected future gross profits.
Separate account rates of return on variable universal life
contracts and variable deferred annuity contracts affect
in-force account balances on such contracts each reporting
period. Returns that are higher than the Company’s
long-term expectation produce higher account balances, which
increases the Company’s future fee expectations and
decreases future benefit payment expectations on minimum death
benefit guarantees, resulting in higher expected future gross
profits. The opposite result occurs when returns are lower than
the Company’s long-term expectation. The Company’s
practice to determine the impact of gross profits resulting from
returns on separate accounts assumes that long-term appreciation
in equity markets is not changed by short-term market
fluctuations, but is only changed when sustained interim
deviations are expected. The Company monitors these changes and
only changes the assumption when its long-term expectation
changes. The effect of an increase/(decrease) by 100 basis
points in the assumed future rate of return is reasonably likely
to result in a decrease/(increase) in the DAC and VOBA balances
of approximately $100 million with an offset to the
Company’s unearned revenue liability of approximately
$25 million for this factor.
60
The Company also reviews periodically other long-term
assumptions underlying the projections of estimated gross
margins and profits. These include investment returns,
policyholder dividend scales, interest crediting rates,
mortality, persistency, and expenses to administer business.
Management annually updates assumptions used in the calculation
of estimated gross margins and profits which may have
significantly changed. If the update of assumptions causes
expected future gross margins and profits to increase, DAC and
VOBA amortization will decrease, resulting in a current period
increase to earnings. The opposite result occurs when the
assumption update causes expected future gross margins and
profits to decrease.
Over the past two years, the Company’s most significant
assumption updates resulting in a change to expected future
gross margins and profits and the amortization of DAC and VOBA
have been updated due to revisions to expected future investment
returns, expenses, in-force or persistency assumptions and
policyholder dividends on contracts included within the
Individual segment. The Company expects these assumptions to be
the ones most reasonably likely to cause significant changes in
the future. Changes in these assumptions can be offsetting and
the Company is unable to predict their movement or offsetting
impact over time.
Goodwill
Goodwill is the excess of cost over the fair value of net assets
acquired. Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment
at least annually or more frequently if events or circumstances,
such as adverse changes in the business climate, indicate that
there may be justification for conducting an interim test.
Impairment testing is performed using the fair value approach,
which requires the use of estimates and judgment, at the
“reporting unit” level. A reporting unit is the
operating segment or a business one level below the operating
segment, if discrete financial information is prepared and
regularly reviewed by management at that level. For purposes of
goodwill impairment testing, goodwill within
Corporate & Other is allocated to reporting units
within the Company’s business segments. If the carrying
value of a reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds its fair
value, the excess is recognized as an impairment and recorded as
a charge against net income. The fair values of the reporting
units are determined using a market multiple, a discounted cash
flow model, or a cost approach. The critical estimates necessary
in determining fair value are projected earnings, comparative
market multiples and the discount rate.
Liability
for Future Policy Benefits
The Company establishes liabilities for amounts payable under
insurance policies, including traditional life insurance,
traditional annuities and non-medical health insurance.
Generally, amounts are payable over an extended period of time
and related liabilities are calculated as the present value of
expected future benefits to be paid, reduced by the present
value of expected future premiums. Such liabilities are
established based on methods and underlying assumptions in
accordance with GAAP and applicable actuarial standards.
Principal assumptions used in the establishment of liabilities
for future policy benefits are mortality, morbidity, policy
lapse, renewal, retirement, investment returns, inflation,
expenses and other contingent events as appropriate to the
respective product type. These assumptions are established at
the time the policy is issued and are intended to estimate the
experience for the period the policy benefits are payable.
Utilizing these assumptions, liabilities are established on a
block of business basis. If experience is less favorable than
assumptions, additional liabilities may be required, resulting
in a charge to policyholder benefits and claims.
Liabilities for future policy benefits for disabled lives are
estimated using the present value of benefits method and
experience assumptions as to claim terminations, expenses and
interest.
Liabilities for unpaid claims and claim expenses for property
and casualty insurance are included in future policyholder
benefits and represent the amount estimated for claims that have
been reported but not settled and claims incurred but not
reported. Other policyholder funds include claims that have been
reported but not settled and claims incurred but not reported on
life and non-medical health insurance. Liabilities for unpaid
claims are estimated based upon the Company’s historical
experience and other actuarial assumptions that consider the
effects of current developments, anticipated trends and risk
management programs, reduced for anticipated salvage and
subrogation. The effects of changes in such estimated
liabilities are included in the results of operations in the
period in which the changes occur.
61
Future policy benefit liabilities for minimum death and certain
income benefit guarantees relating to certain annuity contracts
and secondary and paid up guarantees relating to certain life
policies are based on estimates of the expected value of
benefits in excess of the projected account balance and
recognizing the excess ratably over the accumulation period
based on total expected assessments. Liabilities for universal
and variable life secondary guarantees and
paid-up
guarantees are determined by estimating the expected value of
death benefits payable when the account balance is projected to
be zero and recognizing those benefits ratably over the
accumulation period based on total expected assessments. The
assumptions used in estimating these liabilities are consistent
with those used for amortizing DAC, and are thus subject to the
same variability and risk.
The Company periodically reviews its estimates of actuarial
liabilities for future policy benefits and compares them with
its actual experience. Differences between actual experience and
the assumptions used in pricing these policies and guarantees in
the establishment of the related liabilities result in variances
in profit and could result in losses. The effects of changes in
such estimated liabilities are included in the results of
operations in the period in which the changes occur.
Income
Taxes
Income taxes represent the net amount of income taxes that the
Company expects to pay to or receive from various taxing
jurisdictions in connection with its operations. The Company
provides for federal, state and foreign income taxes currently
payable, as well as those deferred due to temporary differences
between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and
liabilities. The Company’s accounting for income taxes
represents management’s best estimate of various events and
transactions.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities resulting from temporary
differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of
assets and liabilities are measured at the balance sheet date
using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in
the years the temporary differences are expected to reverse. The
realization of deferred tax assets depends upon the existence of
sufficient taxable income within the carryback or carryforward
periods under the tax law in the applicable tax jurisdiction.
Valuation allowances are established when management determines,
based on available information, that it is more likely than not
that deferred income tax assets will not be realized.
Significant judgment is required in determining whether
valuation allowances should be established, as well as the
amount of such allowances. When making such determination,
consideration is given to, among other things, the following:
|
|
|
|
(i)
|
future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary
differences and carryforwards;
|
|
|
(ii)
|
future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences;
|
|
|
(iii)
|
taxable income in prior carryback years; and
|
|
|
(iv)
|
tax planning strategies.
|
The Company determines whether it is more likely than not that a
tax position will be sustained upon examination by the
appropriate taxing authorities before any part of the benefit is
recorded in the financial statements. A tax position is measured
at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than
50 percent likely of being realized upon settlement. The
Company may be required to change its provision for income taxes
when the ultimate deductibility of certain items is challenged
by taxing authorities or when estimates used in determining
valuation allowances on deferred tax assets significantly
change, or when receipt of new information indicates the need
for adjustment in valuation allowances. Additionally, future
events, such as changes in tax laws, tax regulations, or
interpretations of such laws or regulations, could have an
impact on the provision for income tax and the effective tax
rate. Any such changes could significantly affect the amounts
reported in the consolidated financial statements in the period
these changes occur.
Reinsurance
The Company enters into reinsurance transactions as both a
provider and a purchaser of reinsurance for its life and
property and casualty insurance products. Accounting for
reinsurance requires extensive use of assumptions and estimates,
particularly related to the future performance of the underlying
business and the potential impact of counterparty credit risks.
The Company periodically reviews actual and anticipated
experience compared to the
62
aforementioned assumptions used to establish assets and
liabilities relating to ceded and assumed reinsurance and
evaluates the financial strength of counterparties to its
reinsurance agreements using criteria similar to that evaluated
in the security impairment process discussed previously.
Additionally, for each of its reinsurance contracts, the Company
determines if the contract provides indemnification against loss
or liability relating to insurance risk, in accordance with
applicable accounting standards. The Company reviews all
contractual features, particularly those that may limit the
amount of insurance risk to which the reinsurer is subject or
features that delay the timely reimbursement of claims. If the
Company determines that a reinsurance contract does not expose
the reinsurer to a reasonable possibility of a significant loss
from insurance risk, the Company records the contract using the
deposit method of accounting.
Employee
Benefit Plans
Certain subsidiaries of the Holding Company sponsor
and/or
administer pension and other postretirement plans covering
employees who meet specified eligibility requirements. The
obligations and expenses associated with these plans require an
extensive use of assumptions such as the discount rate, expected
rate of return on plan assets, rate of future compensation
increases, healthcare cost trend rates, as well as assumptions
regarding participant demographics such as rate and age of
retirements, withdrawal rates and mortality. Management, in
consultation with its external consulting actuarial firm,
determines these assumptions based upon a variety of factors
such as historical performance of the plan and its assets,
currently available market and industry data and expected
benefit payout streams. The assumptions used may differ
materially from actual results due to, among other factors,
changing market and economic conditions and changes in
participant demographics. These differences may have a
significant effect on the Company’s consolidated financial
statements and liquidity.
Litigation
Contingencies
The Company is a party to a number of legal actions and is
involved in a number of regulatory investigations. Given the
inherent unpredictability of these matters, it is difficult to
estimate the impact on the Company’s financial position.
Liabilities are established when it is probable that a loss has
been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably
estimated. Liabilities related to certain lawsuits, including
the Company’s asbestos-related liability, are especially
difficult to estimate due to the limitation of available data
and uncertainty regarding numerous variables that can affect
liability estimates. The data and variables that impact the
assumptions used to estimate the Company’s asbestos-related
liability include the number of future claims, the cost to
resolve claims, the disease mix and severity of disease in
pending and future claims, the impact of the number of new
claims filed in a particular jurisdiction and variations in the
law in the jurisdictions in which claims are filed, the possible
impact of tort reform efforts, the willingness of courts to
allow plaintiffs to pursue claims against the Company when
exposure to asbestos took place after the dangers of asbestos
exposure were well known, and the impact of any possible future
adverse verdicts and their amounts. On a quarterly and annual
basis, the Company reviews relevant information with respect to
liabilities for litigation, regulatory investigations and
litigation-related contingencies to be reflected in the
Company’s consolidated financial statements. It is possible
that an adverse outcome in certain of the Company’s
litigation and regulatory investigations, including
asbestos-related cases, or the use of different assumptions in
the determination of amounts recorded could have a material
effect upon the Company’s consolidated net income or cash
flows in particular quarterly or annual periods.
Economic
Capital
Economic capital is an internally developed risk capital model,
the purpose of which is to measure the risk in the business and
to provide a basis upon which capital is deployed. The economic
capital model accounts for the unique and specific nature of the
risks inherent in MetLife’s businesses. As a part of the
economic capital process, a portion of net investment income is
credited to the segments based on the level of allocated equity.
This is in contrast to the standardized regulatory risk-based
capital (“RBC”) formula, which is not as refined in
its risk calculations with respect to the nuances of the
Company’s businesses.
63
Results
of Operations
Discussion
of Results
The following table presents consolidated financial information
for the Company for the periods indicated:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Revenues
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Premiums
|
|
$
|
7,593
|
|
|
$
|
6,765
|
|
Universal life and investment-type product policy fees
|
|
|
1,417
|
|
|
|
1,280
|
|
Net investment income
|
|
|
4,508
|
|
|
|
4,521
|
|
Other revenues
|
|
|
395
|
|
|
|
384
|
|
Net investment gains (losses)
|
|
|
(886
|
)
|
|
|
(38
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues
|
|
|
13,027
|
|
|
|
12,912
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Policyholder benefits and claims
|
|
|
7,743
|
|
|
|
6,773
|
|
Interest credited to policyholder account balances
|
|
|
1,311
|
|
|
|
1,376
|
|
Policyholder dividends
|
|
|
430
|
|
|
|
424
|
|
Other expenses
|
|
|
2,676
|
|
|
|
2,896
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total expenses
|
|
|
12,160
|
|
|
|
11,469
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations before provision for income tax
|
|
|
867
|
|
|
|
1,443
|
|
Provision for income tax
|
|
|
217
|
|
|
|
416
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations
|
|
|
650
|
|
|
|
1,027
|
|
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income tax
|
|
|
(2
|
)
|
|
|
(10
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
|
648
|
|
|
|
1,017
|
|
Preferred stock dividends
|
|
|
33
|
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income available to common shareholders
|
|
$
|
615
|
|
|
$
|
983
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three
Months Ended March 31, 2008 compared with the Three Months
Ended March 31, 2007 — The Company
Income
from Continuing Operations
Income from continuing operations decreased by
$377 million, or 37%, to $650 million for the three
months ended March 31, 2008 from $1,027 million for
the comparable 2007 period.
64
The following table provides the change from the prior period in
income from continuing operations by segment:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
% of Total
|
|
|
|
$ Change
|
|
|
$ Change
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Institutional
|
|
$
|
(267
|
)
|
|
|
71
|
%
|
Corporate & Other
|
|
|
(83
|
)
|
|
|
22
|
|
Individual
|
|
|
(38
|
)
|
|
|
10
|
|
Auto & Home
|
|
|
(22
|
)
|
|
|
6
|
|
Reinsurance
|
|
|
(22
|
)
|
|
|
6
|
|
International
|
|
|
55
|
|
|
|
(15
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total change, net of income tax
|
|
$
|
(377
|
)
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Institutional segment’s income from continuing
operations decreased primarily due to higher net investment
losses, partially offset by an increase in interest margins, an
increase in underwriting results, and lower expenses related to
DAC amortization resulting from the implementation of Statement
of Position (“SOP”)
05-1,
Accounting by Insurance Enterprises for Deferred Acquisition
Costs in Connection with Modifications or Exchanges of Insurance
Contracts
(“SOP 05-1”)
in the prior year, partially offset by an increase in
non-deferrable
volume-related
expenses and corporate support expenses.
Corporate & Other’s income from continuing
operations decreased primarily due to lower net investment
income, higher interest expenses, higher net investment losses
and higher legal costs, partially offset by a lower corporate
expenses, lower interest credited to bankholder deposits, lower
interest on uncertain tax positions, and higher other revenues.
The Individual segment’s income from continuing operations
decreased primarily due to an increase in net investment losses,
unfavorable underwriting results in life products, an increase
in interest credited to policyholder account balances, a
decrease in interest margins and an increase in policyholder
dividends. These decreases in income from continuing operations
were partially offset by higher fee income from separate account
products, lower DAC amortization, lower annuity benefits, higher
net investment income on blocks of business not driven by
interest margins and lower expenses driven by a
write-off of
a receivable in the prior year, partially offset by an increase
in
non-deferrable
volume-related
expenses.
The Auto & Home segment’s income from continuing
operations decreased primarily due to an increase in
policyholder benefits and claims, as a result of higher claim
frequencies, an increase in catastrophe losses, a reduction in
favorable development of prior year losses, higher earned
exposures, and an increase in unallocated claims adjusting
expenses, partially offset by lower losses due to severity. This
decrease in income from continuing operations was partially
offset by an increase in premiums related to increased
exposures, the change in estimate on auto rate refunds due to a
regulatory examination and an decrease in catastrophe
reinsurance costs. Also offsetting the decrease in income from
continuing operations was an increase in net investment income.
Negatively impacting net income was a decrease in other revenues
and net investment gains, and an increase in other expenses.
Also, income taxes contributed to income from continuing
operations due to the favorable resolution of a prior year audit
and a greater proportion of tax advantaged income.
The Reinsurance segment’s income from continuing operations
decreased primarily due to an increase in policyholder benefits
and claims, an increase in net investment losses which was due
to a decrease in the fair value of embedded derivatives
associated with the reinsurance of annuity products on a funds
withheld basis, a decrease in net investment income, an increase
in interest credited to policyholder account balances, offset by
an increase in premiums from new facultative and automatic
treaties and renewal premiums on existing blocks of business, an
increase in other revenues and a decrease in other expenses.
The increase in the International segment’s income from
continuing operations was primarily attributable to an increase
in investment gains and the following factors:
|
|
|
|
•
|
An increase in Argentina’s income from continuing
operations primarily due to a reduction in the liability for
pension servicing obligations, as well as a decrease in claims
and market indexed liabilities resulting from
|
65
|
|
|
|
|
pension reform. Argentina also benefited more significantly in
the prior year from the utilization of tax loss carryforwards
against which valuation allowances had been previously
established.
|
|
|
|
|
•
|
Ireland’s income from continuing operations increased
primarily due to foreign currency transactions gains, partially
offset by the utilization in the prior year of net operating
losses for which a valuation allowance had been previously
established.
|
|
|
•
|
Hong Kong’s income from continuing operations increased due
to the acquisition of the remaining 50% interest in MetLife
Fubon in the second quarter of 2007 and the resulting
consolidation of the operation beginning in the third quarter of
2007, as well as business growth.
|
|
|
•
|
Chile’s income from continuing operations increased due to
higher institutional sales and growth in the annuity business.
|
|
|
•
|
Australia’s and the United Kingdom’s income from
continuing operations increased due to business growth.
|
|
|
•
|
Mexico’s income from continuing operations decreased
primarily due to an increase in certain policyholder liabilities
caused by an increase in the unrealized investment results on
the invested assets supporting those liabilities relative to the
prior year, the favorable impact in the prior year of a decrease
in experience refunds on Mexico’s institutional business,
higher expenses related to business growth and the
infrastructure costs and an increase in litigation liabilities
as well as a valuation allowance established against net
operating losses. This decrease in income from continuing
operations was partially offset by the reinstatement of premiums
from prior years and growth in the institutional business.
|
|
|
•
|
Japan’s income from continuing operations decreased due to
an increase in the costs of guaranteed annuity benefits, the
impact of a refinement in assumptions for the guaranteed annuity
business partially offset by the favorable impact from the
utilization of the fair value option for certain fixed
annuities, an increase from hedging activities on guaranteed
annuity benefits and an increase in assumed reinsurance premiums.
|
|
|
•
|
Taiwan’s income from continuing operations decreased
primarily due to an increase in liabilities resulting from a
refinement of methodologies related to the estimation of profit
emergence on certain blocks of business.
|
|
|
•
|
South Korea’s income from continuing operations decreased
due to higher claims and operating expenses, including an
increase in DAC amortization related to market performance,
partially offset by higher revenues from business growth and
higher investment yields.
|
|
|
•
|
Income from continuing operations decreased in the home office
due to higher economic capital charges and higher spending on
growth and infrastructure initiatives.
|
Revenues
and Expenses
Premiums,
Fees and Other Revenues
Premiums, fees and other revenues increased by
$976 million, or 12%, to $9,405 million for the three
months ended March 31, 2008 from $8,429 million for
the comparable 2007 period.
The following table provides the change from the prior period in
premiums, fees and other revenues by segment:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
% of Total
|
|
|
|
$ Change
|
|
|
$ Change
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Institutional
|
|
$
|
481
|
|
|
|
49
|
%
|
International
|
|
|
237
|
|
|
|
24
|
|
Reinsurance
|
|
|
184
|
|
|
|
19
|
|
Individual
|
|
|
44
|
|
|
|
5
|
|
Auto & Home
|
|
|
27
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
Corporate & Other
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total change
|
|
$
|
976
|
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The growth in the Institutional segment was due to increases in
the retirement & savings, non-medical
health & other and group life businesses. The
retirement & savings increased primarily due to
increases in premium in the pension closeout and structured
settlement businesses. The non-medical health & other
business increased
66
primarily due to growth in the dental, disability, individual
disability insurance (“IDI”) and accidental
death & dismemberment (“AD&D”)
businesses. Partially offsetting the increase in non-medical
health & other is a decrease in the long-term care
(“LTC”) business, net of a decrease resulting from a
shift to deposit liability-type contracts in the prior year,
partially offset by growth in the business. The group life
business increased primarily due to business growth in term life
and increases in corporate-owned life insurance and universal
life products, partially offset by decreases in assumed
reinsurance and life insurance sold to postretirement benefit
plans.
The growth in the International segment was primarily due to the
following factors:
|
|
|
|
•
|
Chile’s premiums, fees and other revenues increased
primarily due to higher annuity sales, as well as higher
institutional premiums from its traditional and bank
distribution channels.
|
|
|
•
|
Premiums, fees and other revenues increased in Hong Kong
primarily due to the acquisition of the remaining 50% interest
in MetLife Fubon in the second quarter of 2007 and the resulting
consolidation of the operation beginning in the third quarter of
2007, as well as business growth.
|
|
|
•
|
An increase in Mexico’s premiums, fees and other revenues
due to growth in its individual and institutional businesses, as
well as the reinstatement of premiums from prior years, offset
by a decrease in experience refunds in the prior year on
Mexico’s institutional business.
|
|
|
•
|
South Korea’s premiums, fees and other revenues increased
primarily due to growth in its traditional business, as well as
its guaranteed annuity and variable universal life businesses.
|
|
|
•
|
Australia’s premiums, fees and other revenues increased
primarily due to growth in the institutional business in-force
and an increase in retention levels.
|
|
|
•
|
India’s and the United Kingdom’s premiums, fees and
other revenues increased primarily due to business growth.
|
|
|
•
|
Premiums, fees and other revenues increased in connection with
Japan due to an increase in reinsurance assumed.
|
These increases in premiums, fees and other revenues were
partially offset by a decrease in Argentina primarily due to
pension reform, partially offset by growth in its institutional
and bancassurance businesses.
The growth in the Reinsurance segment was primarily attributable
to premiums from new facultative and automatic treaties and
renewal premiums on existing blocks of business in all
RGA’s operating segments. In addition, other revenues
increased due to an increase in surrender charges on
asset-intensive business reinsured and an increase in fees
associated with financial reinsurance.
The growth in the Individual segment was primarily due to higher
fee income from variable life and annuity and investment-type
products and growth in premiums from other life products,
partially offset by a decrease in premiums associated with the
Company’s closed block business.
The growth in the Auto & Home segment was primarily
due to an increase in premiums related to increased exposures, a
change in estimate on auto rate refunds from a regulatory
examination in the prior year and a decrease in catastrophe
reinsurance costs, partially offset by a reduction in average
earned premium per policy, and a decrease in premiums from
various involuntary programs.
Net
Investment Income
Net investment income decreased by $13 million, or less
than 1%, to $4,508 million for the three months ended
March 31, 2008 from $4,521 million for the comparable
2007 period. Management attributes $351 million of this
change to a decrease in yields and $338 million of this
change to growth in the average asset base. The decrease in net
investment income attributable to lower yields was primarily due
to lower returns on other limited partnership interests
including hedge funds, real estate joint ventures, other
invested assets including derivatives, and short term
investments, partially offset by improved securities lending
results, and higher returns on equity securities and fixed
maturity securities. The decrease in net investment income
attributable to lower yields was partially offset by growth in
the average asset base, resulting in business growth over the
prior year which has primarily been invested within other
limited partnership interests including hedge funds, real estate
joint ventures, mortgage loans, and fixed maturity securities.
67
Interest
Margin
Interest margin, which represents the difference between
interest earned and interest credited to policyholder account
balances decreased in the Individual segment for the three
months ended March 31, 2008 as compared to the prior year.
Interest margins increased in retirement & savings,
group life and non-medical health & other, all within
the Institutional segment. Interest earned approximates net
investment income on investable assets attributed to the segment
with minor adjustments related to the consolidation of certain
separate accounts and other minor non-policyholder elements.
Interest credited is the amount attributed to insurance
products, recorded in policyholder benefits and claims, and the
amount credited to policyholder account balances for
investment-type products, recorded in interest credited to
policyholder account balances. Interest credited on insurance
products reflects the current period impact of the interest rate
assumptions established at issuance or acquisition. Interest
credited to policyholder account balances is subject to
contractual terms, including some minimum guarantees. This tends
to move gradually over time to reflect market interest rate
movements and may reflect actions by management to respond to
competitive pressures and, therefore, generally does not
introduce volatility in expense.
Net
Investment Gains (Losses)
Net investment losses increased by $848 million to a loss
of $886 million for the three months ended March 31,
2008 from a loss of $38 million for the comparable 2007
period. The increase in net investment losses is primarily due
to increased losses on derivatives, primarily interest rate
swaps due to declining short-term interest rates, foreign
exchange swaps due to the decline in the U.S. dollar with
respect to several foreign currencies, increased losses on
various guaranteed minimum benefit riders, partially offset by a
gain from the widening of the Company’s own credit spread,
an increase in foreign currency translation losses and
impairments on fixed maturity and equity securities and mortgage
and consumer loans.
Underwriting
Underwriting results are generally the difference between the
portion of premium and fee income intended to cover mortality,
morbidity or other insurance costs, less claims incurred, and
the change in insurance-related liabilities. Underwriting
results are significantly influenced by mortality, morbidity or
other insurance-related experience trends, as well as the
reinsurance activity related to certain blocks of business.
Consequently, results can fluctuate from period to period.
Underwriting results, excluding catastrophes, in the
Auto & Home segment were less favorable for the three
months ended March 31, 2008, as the combined ratio,
excluding catastrophes, increased to 87.6% from 86.3% for the
three months ended March 31, 2007. Underwriting results
were favorable in the retirement & savings and
non-medical health & other businesses and less
favorable in the group life business in the Institutional
segment. Underwriting results were unfavorable in the life
products in the Individual segment. Adverse mortality in the
Reinsurance segment also decreased underwriting results.
Other
Expenses
Other expenses decreased by $220 million, or 8%, to
$2,676 million for the three months ended March 31,
2008 from $2,896 million for the comparable 2007 period.
The following table provides the change from the prior period in
other expenses by segment:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
% of Total
|
|
|
|
$ Change
|
|
|
$ Change
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reinsurance
|
|
$
|
(196
|
)
|
|
|
89
|
%
|
Individual
|
|
|
(61
|
)
|
|
|
28
|
|
Institutional
|
|
|
(26
|
)
|
|
|
12
|
|
International
|
|
|
41
|
|
|
|
(19
|
)
|
Corporate & Other
|
|
|
20
|
|
|
|
(9
|
)
|
Auto & Home
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total change
|
|
$
|
(220
|
)
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Reinsurance segment contributed to the year over year
decrease in other expenses primarily due to a decrease in
expenses associated with DAC, a decrease in minority interest
expense and a decrease in interest
68
expense due primarily to a decrease in interest rates on
variable rate debt. There decreases were partially offset by an
increase in compensation and overhead-related expenses
associated with RGA’s international expansion and general
growth in operations.
The Individual segment contributed to the year over year
decrease in other expenses primarily due to lower DAC
amortization and the write-off of a receivable in the prior
year, partially offset by an increase in non-deferrable
volume-related expenses, which include those expenses associated
with information technology, compensation and direct
departmental spending.
The Institutional segment contributed to the year over year
decrease primarily due to a decrease in DAC amortization
associated with the implementation of
SOP 05-1
in the prior year. Additionally there were decreases in
non-deferrable volume-related expenses and corporate support
expenses.
The decreases in other expenses were partially offset by an
increase in other expenses in the International segment. This
increase was driven by the following factors:
|
|
|
|
•
|
South Korea’s other expenses increased primarily due to
business growth, as well as an increase in DAC amortization
related to market performance.
|
|
|
•
|
Mexico’s other expenses increased due to higher expenses
related to business growth and infrastructure, as well as an
increase in litigation liabilities.
|
|
|
•
|
Other expenses increased in Hong Kong due to the acquisition of
the remaining 50% interest in MetLife Fubon in the second
quarter of 2007 and the resulting consolidation of the operation
beginning in the third quarter of 2007.
|
|
|
•
|
Other expenses increased in Chile primarily due to business
growth, as well as higher compensation costs and higher spending
on infrastructure and marketing programs.
|
|
|
•
|
Other expenses increased in India primarily due to increased
staffing and growth initiatives.
|
|
|
•
|
The United Kingdom’s other expenses increased due to higher
commissions related to business growth, partially offset by
changes in foreign currency transaction gains.
|
|
|
•
|
Other expenses increased in Australia primarily due to business
growth.
|
|
|
•
|
Other expenses increased in the home office primarily due to
higher spending on growth and infrastructure initiatives.
|
|
|
•
|
The increases in other expenses were partially offset by a
decrease in Argentina’s other expenses primarily due to a
reduction in the liability for servicing obligations resulting
from a refinement of assumptions and methodology related to
pension reform, partially offset by higher commissions from
growth in the institutional and bancassurance businesses.
|
|
|
•
|
The increases in other expenses were also partially offset by a
decrease in Ireland’s other expenses due to foreign
currency transaction gains.
|
The decreases in other expenses were partially offset by an
increase in Corporate & Other primarily due to higher
interest expense, higher legal costs, partially offset by lower
corporate support expenses, including incentive compensation,
rent, start-up costs, and lower information technology costs.
These decreases in other expenses were partially offset by an
increase in the Auto & Home segment primarily related
to higher compensation costs.
Net
Income
Income tax expense for the three months ended March 31,
2008 was $217 million, or 25% of income from continuing
operations before provision for income tax, compared with
$416 million, or 29%, of such income, for the comparable
2007 period. The 2008 and 2007 effective tax rates differ from
the corporate tax rate of 35% primarily due to the impact of
non-taxable investment income and tax credits for investments in
low income housing. In addition, the decrease in effective tax
rate from 29% for the first quarter of 2007 to 25% for the first
quarter of 2008
69
is primarily attributable to changes in the ratio of permanent
differences to income from continuing operations before
provision for income tax.
Income from discontinued operations, net of income tax,
increased by $8 million, or 80%, to a loss of
$2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008
from a loss of $10 million for the comparable 2007 period.
This increase is primarily due to a net investment loss of
$34 million, net of income tax, that the Company recognized
during the three months ended March 31, 2007, with no
similar amount recognized during the three months ended
March 31, 2008, on certain fixed income securities in a
loss position which the Company no longer had the intent to
hold. These fixed maturity securities were included within the
assets to be sold of the annuities and pension business of
MetLife Australia. Partially offsetting this increase is a gain
of $16 million, net of income tax, related to additional
proceeds from the sale off SSRM which was recorded during the
three months ended March 31, 2007. Also offsetting the
increase were lower net investment income and net investment
gains (losses) of $7 million from discontinued operations
related to real estate properties sold or held-for-sale during
the three months ended March 31, 2008 as compared to
March 31, 2007.
Institutional
The Company’s Institutional segment offers a broad range of
group insurance and retirement & savings products and
services to corporations and other institutions and their
respective employees. Group insurance products and services
include group life insurance, non-medical health insurance
products and related administrative services, as well as other
benefits, such as employer-sponsored auto and homeowners
insurance provided through the Auto & Home segment and
prepaid legal services plans. The Company’s Institutional
segment also offers group insurance products as employer-paid
benefits or as voluntary benefits where all or a portion of the
premiums are paid by the employee. Retirement &
savings products and services include an array of annuity and
investment products, including defined contribution plans,
guaranteed interest products and other stable value products,
accumulation and income annuities, and separate account
contracts for the investment management of defined benefit and
defined contribution plan assets.
The following table presents consolidated financial information
for the Institutional segment for the periods indicated:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Revenues
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Premiums
|
|
$
|
3,573
|
|
|
$
|
3,125
|
|
Universal life and investment-type product policy fees
|
|
|
224
|
|
|
|
191
|
|
Net investment income
|
|
|
2,030
|
|
|
|
1,915
|
|
Other revenues
|
|
|
190
|
|
|
|
190
|
|
Net investment gains (losses)
|
|
|
(731
|
)
|
|
|
(88
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues
|
|
|
5,286
|
|
|
|
5,333
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Policyholder benefits and claims
|
|
|
3,912
|
|
|
|
3,475
|
|
Interest credited to policyholder account balances
|
|
|
684
|
|
|
|
726
|
|
Other expenses
|
|
|
574
|
|
|
|
600
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total expenses
|
|
|
5,170
|
|
|
|
4,801
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations before provision for income tax
|
|
|
116
|
|
|
|
532
|
|
Provision for income tax
|
|
|
31
|
|
|
|
180
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations
|
|
|
85
|
|
|
|
352
|
|
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income tax
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$
|
84
|
|
|
$
|
356
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
70
Three
Months Ended March 31, 2008 compared with the Three Months
Ended March 31, 2007 — Institutional
Income
from Continuing Operations
Income from continuing operations decreased by
$267 million, or 76%, to $85 million for the three
months ended March 31, 2008 from $352 million for the
comparable 2007 period.
Included in this decrease was lower earnings of
$418 million, net of income tax, from higher net investment
losses, partially offset by an increase of $17 million, net
of income tax, resulting from a decrease in policyholder
benefits and claims related to net investment gains (losses).
Excluding the impact from net investment gains (losses), income
from continuing operations increased by $134 million, net
of income tax, compared to the prior period.
An increase in interest margins of $85 million, net of
income tax, compared to the prior period, contributed to the
increase in income from continuing operations. Management
attributes this increase to retirement & savings,
group life and non-medical health & other of
$45 million, $36 million and $4 million, net of
income tax respectively. Interest margin is the difference
between interest earned and interest credited to policyholder
account balances. Interest earned approximates net investment
income on investable assets attributed to the segment with minor
adjustments related to the consolidation of certain separate
accounts and other minor non-policyholder elements. Interest
credited is the amount attributed to insurance products,
recorded in policyholder benefits and claims, and the amount
credited to policyholder account balances for investment-type
products, recorded in interest credited to policyholder account
balances. Interest credited on insurance products reflects the
current period impact of the interest rate assumptions
established at issuance or acquisition. Interest credited to
policyholder account balances is subject to contractual terms,
including some minimum guarantees. This tends to move gradually
over time to reflect market interest rate movements, and may
reflect actions by management to respond to competitive
pressures and, therefore, generally does not introduce
volatility in expense.
In addition, other expenses contributed to this increase in
income from continuing operations, primarily due to lower
expenses related to DAC amortization of $16 million, net of
income tax, primarily due to the impact of an $18 million,
net of income tax, charge due to the impact of the
implementation of
SOP 05-1
in the prior period. The remaining increase in operating
expenses was more than offset by the remaining increase in
premiums, fees, and other revenues.
An increase in underwriting results of $16 million, net of
income tax, compared to the prior period, contributed to the
increase in income from continuing operations. Management
attributes this increase primarily to the retirement &
savings and non-medical health & other and businesses
of $24 million and $7 million, both net of income tax,
respectively. Partially offsetting these increases was a decline
of $15 million, net of income tax, in the group life
business.
Underwriting results are generally the difference between the
portion of premium and fee income intended to cover mortality,
morbidity, or other insurance costs less claims incurred, and
the change in insurance-related liabilities. Underwriting
results are significantly influenced by mortality, morbidity, or
other insurance-related experience trends, as well as the
reinsurance activity related to certain blocks of business.
Consequently, results can fluctuate from period to period.
Revenues
Total revenues, excluding net investment gains (losses),
increased by $596 million, or 11%, to $6,017 million
for the three months ended March 31, 2008 from
$5,421 million for the comparable 2007 period.
The increase of $481 million in premiums, fees and other
revenues was largely due to increases in the
retirement & savings, non-medical health &
other and group life businesses of $225 million,
$169 million and $87 million, respectively. The
increase in retirement & savings is primarily due to
increases in premium in the pension closeout and structured
settlement businesses of $191 million and $37 million,
respectively, both primarily due to higher sales. The increase
in pension closeouts is primarily due to a large domestic sale
and the first significant sale in the United Kingdom business in
the current period. Premiums, fees and other revenues from
71
retirement & savings products are significantly
influenced by large transactions and, as a result, can fluctuate
from period to period. The growth in non-medical
health & other is largely due to increases in the
dental, disability, IDI and AD&D businesses of
$178 million. The growth in the dental business is due to
organic growth in the business and the impact of a recent
acquisition. The increases in disability, IDI and AD&D are
primarily due to continued growth in the business. Partially
offsetting these increases is a decline in the LTC business of
$15 million, primarily attributable to a $37 million
decrease, which management attributed to a shift to deposit
liability-type contracts during the latter part of the prior
year, partially offset by growth in the business. Group life
increased $87 million, which management primarily
attributes to a $90 million increase in term life,
primarily attributable to the net impact of an increase in
sales, partially offset by a decrease in assumed reinsurance. In
addition, corporate-owned life insurance and universal life
products increased $13 million and $4 million,
respectively. The increase in corporate-owned life insurance is
largely attributable to higher experience rated refunds in the
prior period. Partially offsetting these increases is a decrease
in life insurance sold to postretirement benefit plans of
$20 million, primarily the result of the impact of a large
sale in the prior period.
Net investment income increased by $115 million. Management
attributes $195 million of this increase to growth in the
average asset base, primarily within fixed maturity securities,
mortgage loans, real estate joint ventures, and other limited
partnership interests, principally driven by continued business
growth, particularly in the funding agreement, global GIC, and
the non-medical health & other businesses. Management
attributes an $80 million reduction in net investment
income to a decrease in yields, primarily due to lower returns
on real estate joint ventures and other limited partnership
interests, partially offset by an increase in yields on equity
securities, fixed maturity securities and improved securities
lending results.
Expenses
Total expenses increased by $369 million, or 8%, to
$5,170 million for the three months ended March 31,
2008 from $4,801 million for the comparable 2007 period.
The increase in expenses was primarily attributable to
policyholder benefits and claims of $437 million, partially
offset by lower interest credited to policyholder account
balances of $42 million and lower other expenses of
$26 million.
The increase in policyholder benefits and claims of
$437 million included a $27 million decrease related
to net investment gains (losses). Excluding the decrease related
to net investment gains (losses), policyholder benefits and
claims increased by $464 million. Retirement &
savings’ policyholder benefits increased $216 million,
which was primarily attributable to the pension closeout and
structured settlement businesses of $170 million and
$40 million, respectively. The increase in pension
closeouts is primarily due to the aforementioned increase in
premiums and the impact of a favorable liability refinement in
the prior period of $3 million, partially offset by
favorable mortality in the current period. The increase in
structured settlements is largely due to the aforementioned
increase in premiums and an increase in interest credited to
future policyholder balances, partially offset by favorable
mortality in the current period. The remaining $6 million
increase is across several products, primarily attributable to
the impact of a $5 million favorable liability refinement
in the prior period. Non-medical health & other’s
policyholder benefits and claims increased by $138 million,
largely due to the aforementioned growth in the dental,
disability, IDI and AD&D businesses. Partially offsetting
these increases in premiums, fees and other revenues was
favorable morbidity in our disability business, primarily due to
an increase in claim closures in the current period. An increase
in LTC of $8 million is attributable to business growth, an
increase in interest credited to future policyholder balances
and the impact of unfavorable claim experience in the current
period, partially offset by the aforementioned $37 million
shift to deposit liability-type contracts. Group life’s
policyholder benefits and claims increased $110 million,
mostly due to increases in the term life, universal life and
corporate owned life insurance products of $107 million,
$19 million and $9 million, respectively, partially
offset by a decrease of $25 million in life insurance sold
to postretirement benefit plans. The increases in term life and
universal life were primarily due to the aforementioned increase
in premiums, fees and other revenues and included the impact of
less favorable mortality experience in the current period. The
decrease in life insurance sold to postretirement benefit plans
was commensurate with the aforementioned decrease in premiums.
Management attributes the decrease of $42 million in
interest credited to policyholder account balances to a
$136 million decrease from a decrease in average crediting
rates, which was largely due to the impact of lower
72
short-term interest rates in the current period, and a
$94 million increase solely from growth in the average
policyholder account balance, primarily the result of continued
growth in the global GIC and funding agreement products.
Lower other expenses of $26 million included a decrease in
DAC amortization of $24 million, primarily due to a
$27 million charge associated with the impact of DAC and
VOBA amortization, from the implementation of
SOP 05-1
in the prior period. Non-deferrable volume related expenses and
corporate support expenses also decreased by $2 million.
Non-deferrable volume related expenses include those expenses
associated with information technology, compensation, and direct
departmental spending. Direct departmental spending includes
expenses associated with advertising, consultants, travel,
printing and postage.
Individual
The Company’s Individual segment offers a wide variety of
protection and asset accumulation products aimed at serving the
financial needs of its customers throughout their entire life
cycle. Products offered by Individual include insurance
products, such as traditional, variable and universal life
insurance, and variable and fixed annuities. In addition,
Individual sales representatives distribute disability insurance
and LTC insurance products offered through the Institutional
segment, investment products such as mutual funds, as well as
other products offered by the Company’s other businesses.
The following table presents consolidated financial information
for the Individual segment for the periods indicated:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Revenues
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Premiums
|
|
$
|
1,067
|
|
|
$
|
1,075
|
|
Universal life and investment-type product policy fees
|
|
|
903
|
|
|
|
853
|
|
Net investment income
|
|
|
1,697
|
|
|
|
1,732
|
|
Other revenues
|
|
|
148
|
|
|
|
146
|
|
Net investment gains (losses)
|
|
|
(103
|
)
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues
|
|
|
3,712
|
|
|
|
3,821
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Policyholder benefits and claims
|
|
|
1,377
|
|
|
|
1,363
|
|
Interest credited to policyholder account balances
|
|
|
506
|
|
|
|
507
|
|
Policyholder dividends
|
|
|
427
|
|
|
|
422
|
|
Other expenses
|
|
|
988
|
|
|
|
1,049
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total expenses
|
|
|
3,298
|
|
|
|
3,341
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations before provision for income tax
|
|
|
414
|
|
|
|
480
|
|
Provision for income tax
|
|
|
137
|
|
|
|
165
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations
|
|
|
277
|
|
|
|
315
|
|
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income tax
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$
|
276
|
|
|
$
|
315
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
73
Three
Months Ended March 31, 2008 compared with the Three Months
Ended March 31, 2007 — Individual
Income
from Continuing Operations
Income from continuing operations decreased by $38 million,
or 12%, to $277 million for the three months ended
March 31, 2008 from $315 million for the comparable
2007 period. Included in this decrease was an increase in net
investment losses of $77 million, net of income tax.
Excluding the impact of net investment gains (losses), income
from continuing operations increased by $39 million from
the comparable 2007 period.
The increase in income from continuing operations was driven by
the following items:
|
|
|
|
•
|
Higher fee income from separate account products of
$31 million, net of income tax, primarily related to higher
average account balances resulting from business growth over the
prior year, partially offset by unfavorable equity market
performance during the current period.
|
|
|
•
|
Lower DAC amortization of $31 million, net of income tax,
primarily resulting from net investment losses in the current
period and prior period revisions to management’s
assumptions used to determine estimated gross profits and
margins. These decreases were partially offset by business
growth and an increase in amortization resulting from changes in
management’s assumptions used to determine estimated gross
profits and margins associated with unfavorable equity market
performance during the current period.
|
|
|
•
|
Lower annuity benefits of $21 million, net of income tax,
primarily due to hedging gains, net of guaranteed annuity
benefit rider costs.
|
|
|
•
|
Higher net investment income on blocks of business not driven by
interest margins of $12 million, net of income tax.
|
|
|
•
|
Lower expenses of $8 million, net of income tax, primarily
due to a write-off of a receivable from one of the
Company’s joint venture partners in the prior period,
partially offset by higher non-deferrable volume related
expenses.
|
These aforementioned increases in income from continuing
operations were partially offset by the following items:
|
|
|
|
•
|
Unfavorable underwriting results in life products of
$33 million, net of income tax. Underwriting results are
generally the difference between the portion of premium and fee
income intended to cover mortality, morbidity or other insurance
costs less claims incurred and the change in insurance-related
liabilities. Underwriting results are significantly influenced
by mortality, morbidity, or other insurance-related experience
trends, as well as the reinsurance activity related to certain
blocks of business. Consequently, results can fluctuate from
period to period.
|
|
|
•
|
A decrease in interest margins of $21 million, net of
income tax. Interest margins relate primarily to the general
account portion of investment-type products. Management
attributed a $29 million decrease to the deferred annuity
business offset by a $8 million increase to other
investment-type products, both net of income tax. Interest
margin is the difference between interest earned and interest
credited to policyholder account balances related to the general
account on these businesses. Interest earned approximates net
investment income on invested assets attributed to these
businesses with net adjustments for other non-policyholder
elements. Interest credited approximates the amount recorded in
interest credited to policyholder account balances. Interest
credited to policyholder account balances is subject to
contractual terms, including some minimum guarantees, and may
reflect actions by management to respond to competitive
pressures. Interest credited to policyholder account balances
tends to move gradually over time to reflect market interest
rate movements, subject to any minimum guarantees and,
therefore, generally does not introduce volatility in expense.
|
|
|
•
|
An increase in interest credited to policyholder account
balances of $13 million, net of income tax, due primarily
to lower amortization of the excess interest reserves on
acquired annuity and universal life blocks of business.
|
|
|
•
|
An increase in policyholder dividends of $3 million, net of
income tax, due to growth in the business.
|
74
The change in effective tax rates between periods accounts for
the remainder of the increase in income from continuing
operations.
Revenues
Total revenues, excluding net investment gains (losses),
increased by $9 million, or less than 1%, to
$3,815 million for the three months ended March 31,
2008 from $3,806 million for the comparable 2007 period.
Premiums decreased by $8 million primarily due to a
decrease in immediate annuity premiums of $3 million and a
$25 million decline in premiums associated with the
Company’s closed block of business in line with
expectations. These decreases were partially offset by growth in
premiums from other life products of $20 million driven by
increased renewals of traditional life business.
Universal life and investment-type product policy fees combined
with other revenues increased by $52 million primarily
related to higher average account balances resulting from
business growth over the prior year, partially offset by
unfavorable equity market performance during the current period.
Policy fees from variable life and annuity and investment-type
products are typically calculated as a percentage of the average
assets in policyholder accounts. The value of these assets can
fluctuate depending on equity performance.
Net investment income decreased by $35 million. Net
investment income from the general account portion of
investment-type products decreased by $36 million, while
other businesses increased by $1 million. Management
attributes $15 million of the decrease to a lower average
asset base across various investment types. Additionally,
management attributes $20 million to a decrease in yields
primarily due to lower returns on other limited partnership
interests and real estate joint ventures, partially offset by
higher securities lending results and higher returns on fixed
maturity securities.
Expenses
Total expenses decreased by $43 million, or 1%, to
$3,298 million for the three months ended March 31,
2008 from $3,341 million for the comparable 2007 period.
Policyholder benefits and claims increased by $14 million
primarily due to unfavorable mortality in the life products,
including the closed block, of $55 million. Offsetting this
increase were hedging gains, net of guaranteed annuity benefit
rider costs, which decreased policyholder benefits and claims by
$33 million. Additionally, policyholder benefits and claims
decreased by $8 million commensurate with the decrease in
premiums discussed above.
Interest credited to policyholder account balances decreased by
$1 million. Interest credited on the general account
portion of investment-type products decreased by
$21 million, while other businesses remained flat. Of the
$21 million decrease on the general account portion of
investment-type products, management attributed $13 million
to lower average policyholder account balances resulting from a
decrease in cash flows from annuities and $8 million to
lower crediting rates. Partially offsetting these decreases was
lower amortization of the excess interest reserves on acquired
annuity and universal life blocks of business of
$20 million primarily driven by lower lapses in the current
year.
Policyholder dividends increased by $5 million due to
growth in the business.
Lower other expenses of $61 million include lower DAC
amortization of $48 million primarily relating to net
investment losses in the current period and prior period
revisions to management’s assumptions used to determine
estimated gross profits and margins. These decreases were
partially offset by business growth and an increase in
amortization resulting from changes in management’s
assumptions used to determine estimated gross profits and
margins associated with unfavorable equity market performance
during the current period. The remaining decrease in other
expenses of $13 million is driven by a $24 million
decrease associated with a write-off of a receivable from one of
the Company’s joint venture partners in the prior period
partially offset by an increase in non-deferrable volume-related
expenses of $11 million, which includes those expenses
associated with information technology, compensation and direct
departmental spending. Direct departmental spending includes
expenses associated with consultants, travel, printing and
postage.
75
International
International provides life insurance, accident and health
insurance, credit insurance, annuities and
retirement & savings products to both individuals and
groups. The Company focuses on emerging markets primarily within
the Latin America, Europe and Asia Pacific regions.
The following table presents consolidated financial information
for the International segment for the periods indicated:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Revenues
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Premiums
|
|
$
|
904
|
|
|
$
|
715
|
|
Universal life and investment-type product policy fees
|
|
|
290
|
|
|
|
236
|
|
Net investment income
|
|
|
269
|
|
|
|
250
|
|
Other revenues
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
|
13
|
|
Net investment gains (losses)
|
|
|
135
|
|
|
|
24
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues
|
|
|
1,605
|
|
|
|
1,238
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Policyholder benefits and claims
|
|
|
826
|
|
|
|
592
|
|
Interest credited to policyholder account balances
|
|
|
47
|
|
|
|
78
|
|
Policyholder dividends
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
Other expenses
|
|
|
428
|
|
|
|
387
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total expenses
|
|
|
1,303
|
|
|
|
1,058
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations before provision for income tax
|
|
|
302
|
|
|
|
180
|
|
Provision for income tax
|
|
|
116
|
|
|
|
49
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations
|
|
|
186
|
|
|
|
131
|
|
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income tax
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
(31
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$
|
186
|
|
|
$
|
100
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three
Months Ended March 31, 2008 compared with the Three Months
Ended March 31, 2007 — International
Income
from Continuing Operations
Income from continuing operations increased by $55 million,
or 42%, to $186 million for the three months ended
March 31, 2008 from $131 million for the comparable
2007 period. This increase includes the impact of net investment
gains of $72 million, net of income tax, and changes in
foreign exchange rates of $6 million, net of income tax.
Excluding the impact of net investment gains (losses) and of
changes in foreign currency exchange rates, income from
continuing operations decreased by $23 million from the
comparable 2007 period.
Income from continuing operations decreased in:
|
|
|
|
•
|
Mexico by $33 million, net of income tax, primarily due to
an increase in certain policyholder liabilities caused by an
increase in the unrealized investment results on the invested
assets supporting those liabilities relative to the prior year,
the favorable impact in the prior year of a decrease in
experience refunds on Mexico’s institutional business,
higher expenses related to business growth and infrastructure
costs, an increase in litigation liabilities, as well as a
valuation allowance established against net operating losses.
|
76
|
|
|
|
|
These decreases were partially offset by the reinstatement of
premiums from prior periods and growth in the individual and
institutional businesses.
|
|
|
|
|
•
|
Japan by $23 million, net of income tax, due to a decrease
of $53 million, net of income tax, in the Company’s
earnings from its investment in Japan resulting from an increase
in the costs of guaranteed annuity benefits, the impact of a
refinement in assumptions for the guaranteed annuity business,
partially offset by the favorable impact from the utilization of
the fair value option for certain fixed annuities, an increase
of $26 million, net of income tax, from hedging activities
associated with Japan’s guaranteed annuity benefit and an
increase of $4 million, net of income tax, in fees from
assumed reinsurance.
|
|
|
•
|
Taiwan by $2 million, net of income tax, primarily due to
an increase in liabilities resulting from a refinement of
methodologies related to the estimation of profit emergence on
certain blocks of business.
|
|
|
•
|
South Korea by $1 million, net of income tax, primarily due
to higher claims and operating expenses, including an increase
in DAC amortization related to market performance, partially
offset by higher revenues from business growth and higher
investment yields.
|
|
|
•
|
The home office by $4 million, net of income tax, due to
higher economic capital charges and higher spending on growth
and infrastructure initiatives.
|
Partially offsetting these decreases, income from continuing
operations increased in:
|
|
|
|
•
|
Argentina by $15 million, net of income tax, primarily due
to a reduction in the liability for pension servicing
obligations of $23 million, net of income tax, resulting
from a refinement of assumptions and the availability of
statistics from the government regarding the number of
participants transferring to the
government-sponsored
plan under pension reform which was effective January 1,
2008, partially offset by a decrease in claims and
market-indexed
policyholder liabilities resulting from pension reform, under
which fund administrators no longer provide death and disability
coverage to the plan participants. Argentina also benefited more
significantly in the prior year from the utilization of deferred
tax assets against which valuation allowances had previously
been established.
|
|
|
•
|
Ireland by $10 million, net of income tax, due to foreign
currency transaction gains and a tax benefit in the current
period, partially offset by the utilization in the prior year of
net operating losses for which a valuation allowance had been
previously established.
|
|
|
•
|
Hong Kong by $9 million, net of income tax, due to the
acquisition of the remaining 50% interest in MetLife Fubon in
the second quarter of 2007 and the resulting consolidation of
the operation beginning in the third quarter of 2007, as well as
business growth.
|
|
|
•
|
Chile by $2 million due to higher institutional sales and
growth in the annuity business.
|
|
|
•
|
Australia and the United Kingdom by $2 million and
$2 million, respectively, primarily due to business growth.
|
Revenues
Total revenues, excluding net investment gains (losses),
increased by $256 million, or 21%, to $1,470 million
for the three months ended March 31, 2008 from
$1,214 million for the comparable 2007 period. Excluding
the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates of
$61 million, total revenues increased by $195 million,
or 15%, from the comparable 2007 period.
Premiums, fees and other revenues increased by
$237 million, or 25%, to $1,201 million for the three
months ended March 31, 2008 from $964 million for the
comparable 2007 period. Excluding the impact of changes in
foreign currency exchange rates of $47 million, premiums,
fees and other revenues increased by $190 million, or 19%,
from the comparable 2007 period.
Premiums, fees and other revenues increased in:
|
|
|
|
•
|
Chile by $66 million primarily due to higher annuity sales
as well as higher institutional premiums from its traditional
and bank distribution channels.
|
77
|
|
|
|
•
|
Hong Kong by $40 million primarily due to the acquisition
of the remaining 50% interest in MetLife Fubon in the second
quarter of 2007 and the resulting consolidation of the operation
beginning in the third quarter of 2007, as well as business
growth.
|
|
|
•
|
Mexico by $38 million due to growth in its individual and
institutional businesses, as well as the reinstatement of
$8 million of premiums from prior periods, offset by a
decrease of $13 million in experience refunds in the prior
year on Mexico’s institutional business.
|
|
|
•
|
South Korea by $24 million due to growth in its traditional
business as well as in its guaranteed annuity and variable
universal life businesses.
|
|
|
•
|
Australia by $15 million as a result of growth in the
institutional business and an increase in retention levels.
|
|
|
•
|
India and the United Kingdom by $7 million and
$6 million, respectively, due to business growth.
|
|
|
•
|
The Company’s Japan operation by $6 million due to an
increase in fees from assumed reinsurance.
|
Partially offsetting these increases, premiums, fees and other
revenues decreased in Argentina by $17 million primarily
due to a decrease in premiums due to pension reform, under which
fund administrators no longer provide death and disability
coverage to the plan participants, partially offset by growth in
its institutional and bancassurance business.
Contributions from the other countries account for the remainder
of the change in premiums, fees and other revenues.
Net investment income increased by $19 million, or 8%, to
$269 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008
from $250 million for the comparable 2007 period. Excluding
the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates of
$14 million, net investment income increased by
$5 million, or 2% from the comparable 2007 period.
Net investment income increased in:
|
|
|
|
•
|
Chile by $26 million due to the impact of higher inflation
rates on indexed securities, the valuations and returns of which
are linked to inflation rates, as well as an increase in
invested assets.
|
|
|
•
|
Mexico by $16 million due to an increase in invested
assets, as well as the lengthening of the duration of the
portfolio, partially offset by a decrease in short-term yields.
|
|
|
•
|
South Korea by $4 million due to increases in invested
assets and higher yields.
|
|
|
•
|
Argentina by $3 million primarily due to increases in
invested assets partially offset by lower trading gains due to
the reduction of holdings within the trading portfolio which had
supported death and disability reserves that were eliminated due
to pension reform.
|
Partially offsetting these increases, net investment income
decreased in:
|
|
|
|
•
|
Hong Kong by $31 million despite the acquisition of the
remaining 50% interest in MetLife Fubon in the second quarter of
2007 and the resulting consolidation of the operation beginning
in the third quarter of 2007 because of the negative investment
income for the period due to the losses on the trading
securities portfolio which supports unit-linked policyholder
liabilities.
|
|
|
•
|
Japan by $13 million due to a decrease of $53 million,
net of income tax, in the Company’s investment in Japan due
to an increase in the costs of guaranteed annuity benefits, the
impact of a refinement in assumptions for the guaranteed annuity
business, partially offset by the favorable impact from the
utilization of the fair value option for certain fixed annuities
and an increase of $40 million from hedging activities
associated with Japan’s guaranteed annuity.
|
|
|
•
|
The home office of $4 million primarily due to an increase
in the amount charged for economic capital.
|
Contributions from the other countries account for the remainder
of the change in net investment income.
78
Expenses
Total expenses increased by $245 million, or 23%, to
$1,303 million for the three months ended March 31,
2008 from $1,058 million for the comparable 2007 period.
Excluding the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange
rates of $53 million, total expenses increased by
$192 million, or 17%, from the comparable 2007 period.
Policyholder benefits and claims, policyholder dividends and
interest credited to policyholder account balances increased by
$204 million, or 30%, to $875 million for the three
months ended March 31, 2008 from $671 million for the
comparable 2007 period. Excluding the impact of changes in
foreign currency exchange rates of $34 million,
policyholder benefits and claims, policyholder dividends and
interest credited to policyholder account balances increased by
$170 million, or 24%, from the comparable 2007 period.
Policyholder benefits and claims, policyholder dividends and
interest credited to policyholder account balances increased in:
|
|
|
|
•
|
Chile by $87 million primarily due to an increase in the
annuity and institutional business mentioned above, as well as
an increase in inflation indexed policyholder liabilities
commensurate with the increase in net investment income from
inflation-indexed assets.
|
|
|
•
|
Mexico by $78 million, primarily due to an increase in
certain policyholder liabilities of $56 million caused by
an increase in the unrealized investment results on the invested
assets supporting those liabilities relative to the prior year,
as well as an increase in policyholder benefits of
$12 million commensurate with the growth in premiums
discussed above and an increase in interest credited to
policyholder account balances of $10 million commensurate
with the growth in investment income discussed above.
|
|
|
•
|
Australia by $10 million due to growth in the institutional
business and an increase in retention levels.
|
|
|
•
|
Taiwan by $4 million primarily due to an increase in
liabilities resulting from a refinement of methodologies related
to the estimation of profit emergence on a certain block of
business.
|
|
|
•
|
South Korea by $4 million primarily due to higher claims
from business growth.
|
|
|
•
|
India by $2 million due to business growth.
|
Partially offsetting these increases in policyholder benefits
and claims, policyholder dividends and interest credited to
policyholder account balances were decreases in:
|
|
|
|
•
|
Argentina by $12 million primarily due to a decrease in
claims and market-indexed policyholder liabilities resulting
from pension reform, under which fund administrators no longer
provide death and disability coverage to the plan participants.
|
|
|
•
|
Hong Kong by $7 million despite the acquisition of the
remaining 50% interest in MetLife Fubon in the second quarter of
2007 and the resulting consolidation of the operation beginning
in the third quarter of 2007 because of negative interest
credited to unit-linked policyholder liabilities which reflects
the losses of the trading portfolio backing these liabilities as
discussed in the net investment income section above.
|
Increases in other countries account for the remainder of the
change.
Other expenses increased by $41 million, or 11%, to
$428 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008
from $387 million for the comparable 2007 period. Excluding
the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates of
$19 million, total expenses increased by $22 million,
or 5%, from the comparable 2007 period.
Other expenses increased in:
|
|
|
|
•
|
South Korea by $26 million due to business growth, as well
as an increase in DAC amortization related to market performance.
|
|
|
•
|
Mexico by $13 million primarily due to higher expenses
related to business growth and infrastructure costs, as well as
an increase in litigation liabilities.
|
|
|
•
|
Hong Kong by $6 million due to the acquisition of the
remaining 50% interest in MetLife Fubon in the second quarter of
2007 and the resulting consolidation of the operation beginning
in the third quarter of 2007.
|
79
|
|
|
|
•
|
Chile by $6 million primarily due to the growth discussed
above as well as higher compensation costs and higher spending
on infrastructure and marketing programs.
|
|
|
•
|
India by $6 million primarily due to increased staffing and
growth initiatives.
|
|
|
•
|
The United Kingdom by $3 million due to higher commissions
related to the growth discussed above partially offset by
foreign currency transaction gains.
|
|
|
•
|
Australia by $2 million primarily due to business growth.
|
|
|
•
|
The home office of $5 million primarily due to higher
spending on growth and infrastructure initiatives.
|
Partially offsetting these increases in other expenses were
decreases in:
|
|
|
|
•
|
Argentina by $33 million, primarily due to a reduction in
the liability for pension servicing obligations resulting from a
refinement of assumptions and methodology, as well as the
availability of government statistics regarding the number of
participants transferring to the government-sponsored plan under
the pension reform plan which was effective January 1,
2008. Under the pension reform plan, the Company retains the
obligation for administering certain existing and future
participants’ accounts for which they receive no revenue.
Partially offsetting this decrease are higher commissions from
growth in the institutional and bancassurance businesses
discussed above.
|
|
|
•
|
Ireland by $14 million due to foreign currency transaction
gains.
|
Increases in other countries account for the remainder of the
change.
Auto &
Home
Auto & Home, operating through Metropolitan Property
and Casualty Insurance Company and its subsidiaries, offers
personal lines property and casualty insurance directly to
employees at their employer’s worksite, as well as to
individuals through a variety of retail distribution channels,
including the agency distribution group, independent agents,
property and casualty specialists and direct response marketing.
Auto & Home primarily sells auto insurance and
homeowners insurance.
The following table presents consolidated financial information
for the Auto & Home segment for the periods indicated:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Revenues
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Premiums
|
|
$
|
744
|
|
|
$
|
716
|
|
Net investment income
|
|
|
53
|
|
|
|
48
|
|
Other revenues
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
|
11
|
|
Net investment gains (losses)
|
|
|
(11
|
)
|
|
|
12
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues
|
|
|
796
|
|
|
|
787
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Policyholder benefits and claims
|
|
|
478
|
|
|
|
430
|
|
Policyholder dividends
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
Other expenses
|
|
|
204
|
|
|
|
202
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total expenses
|
|
|
683
|
|
|
|
633
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income before provision for income tax
|
|
|
113
|
|
|
|
154
|
|
Provision for income tax
|
|
|
22
|
|
|
|
41
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$
|
91
|
|
|
$
|
113
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
80
Three
Months Ended March 31, 2008 compared with the Three Months
Ended March 31, 2007 — Auto &
Home
Net
Income
Net income decreased by $22 million, or 19%, to
$91 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008
from $113 million for the comparable 2007 period.
The decrease in net income was primarily attributable to an
increase in policyholder benefits and claims of
$31 million, net of income tax, comprised of an increase of
$15 million, net of income tax, related to higher claim
frequencies, an increase of $9 million, net of income tax,
in catastrophe losses, an increase of $7 million, net of
income tax, from a reduction in favorable development of prior
year losses, and an increase of $6 million, net of income
tax, related to higher earned exposures and an increase of
$2 million, net of income tax, in unallocated claims
adjusting expenses primarily resulting from an increase in
compensation costs negatively impacting net income. Offsetting
these increases was $8 million, net of income tax, of lower
losses due to severity.
Offsetting this decrease in net income was an increase in
premiums of $18 million, net of income tax, comprised of an
increase of $12 million, net of income tax, related to
increased exposures, an increase of $8 million, net of
income tax, resulting from the change in estimate in the prior
year on auto rate refunds due to a regulatory examination and a
decrease of $5 million, net of income tax, in catastrophe
reinsurance costs. Offsetting these increases in premiums was a
decrease of $5 million, net of income tax, related to a
reduction in average earned premium per policy and a decrease of
$2 million, net of income tax, in premiums on various
involuntary programs.
In addition, net investment income increased by $3 million,
net of income tax, primarily due to an increase in net
investment income related to a realignment of economic capital
and an increase in net investment income from higher yields
mostly offset by a smaller asset base.
Negatively impacting net income was a decrease of
$1 million, net of income tax, in other revenues and an
increase of $1 million, net of income tax, in other
expenses. In addition, net investment gains (losses) decreased
by $15 million, net of income tax.
Also, income taxes contributed $4 million to net income,
over the expected amount, due to the favorable resolution of a
prior year audit and a greater proportion of tax advantaged
investment income.
Revenues
Total revenues, excluding net investment gains (losses),
increased by $32 million, or 4%, to $807 million for
the three months ended March 31, 2008 from
$775 million for the comparable 2007 period.
Premiums increased by $28 million due to an increase of
$18 million related to increased exposures and an increase
of $13 million resulting from an accrual in the prior year
associated with auto rate refunds from a regulatory examination.
Also favorably impacting premiums was a decrease of
$8 million in catastrophe reinsurance costs. Offsetting
these increases in premiums was a decrease of $8 million
related to a reduction in average earned premium per policy and
a decrease of $3 million in premiums from various
involuntary programs.
Net investment income increased by $5 million primarily due
to a realignment of economic capital and an increase in net
investment income from higher yields mostly offset by a smaller
asset base.
Expenses
Total expenses increased by $50 million, or 8%, to
$683 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008
from $633 million for the comparable 2007 period.
Policyholder benefits and claims increased by $48 million
comprised of an increase of $23 million from higher claim
frequencies, particularly in the automobile comprehensive
coverage and in the homeowners wind coverage. These coverages
were impacted due to more adverse non-catastrophe weather
conditions in the first quarter of 2008 compared to the same
period in 2007. There were also increases of $14 million in
catastrophe losses in policyholder benefits and claims,
$11 million due to less favorable development of prior year
losses, $10 million related to higher earned exposures and
an increase of $3 million in unallocated loss adjustment
expenses, primarily resulting from an
81
increase in claims-related compensation costs. Offsetting these
increases was $13 million of lower losses due to severity.
Other expenses increased by $2 million primarily as a
result of higher compensation costs.
Underwriting results, excluding catastrophes, in the
Auto & Home segment were favorable for the three
months ended March 31, 2008 although lower than the
comparable period of 2007 as the combined ratio, excluding
catastrophes, increased to 87.6% from 86.3% for the three months
ended March 31, 2007.
Reinsurance
The Company’s Reinsurance segment is comprised of the life
reinsurance business of Reinsurance Group of America,
Incorporated (“RGA”), a publicly traded company. At
March 31, 2008, the Company’s ownership in RGA was
52%. RGA’s operations in North America are its largest and
include operations of its Canadian and U.S. subsidiaries.
In addition to these operations, RGA has subsidiary companies,
branch offices, or representative offices in Australia,
Barbados, Bermuda, China, France, Germany, Hong Kong, India,
Ireland, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Poland, South Africa, South
Korea, Spain, Taiwan and the United Kingdom.
The following table presents consolidated financial information
for the Reinsurance segment for the periods indicated:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Revenues
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Premiums
|
|
$
|
1,298
|
|
|
$
|
1,126
|
|
Net investment income
|
|
|
189
|
|
|
|
206
|
|
Other revenues
|
|
|
30
|
|
|
|
18
|
|
Net investment gains (losses)
|
|
|
(156
|
)
|
|
|
(6
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues
|
|
|
1,361
|
|
|
|
1,344
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Policyholder benefits and claims
|
|
|
1,140
|
|
|
|
902
|
|
Interest credited to policyholder account balances
|
|
|
74
|
|
|
|
65
|
|
Other expenses
|
|
|
129
|
|
|
|
325
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total expenses
|
|
|
1,343
|
|
|
|
1,292
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income before provision for income tax
|
|
|
18
|
|
|
|
52
|
|
Provision for income tax
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
18
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
$
|
12
|
|
|
$
|
34
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three
Months Ended March 31, 2008 compared with the Three Months
Ended March 31, 2007 — Reinsurance
Net
Income
Net income decreased by $22 million, or 65%, to
$12 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008
from $34 million for the comparable 2007 period.
The decrease in net income was attributable to a 26% increase in
policyholder benefits and claims, an 8% decrease in net
investment income, a 14% increase in interest credited to
policyholder account balances, offset by a 67% increase in other
revenues, a 15% increase in premium and a 60% decrease in other
expense. The decrease in premiums, net of the increase in
policyholder benefits and claims, was a $43 million
reduction to net income, which was primarily due to adverse
claims experience in the U.S. and the United Kingdom.
Policyholder benefits and claims as a percentage of premiums
were 88% compared to 80% in the prior year. The decrease in net
investment
82
income, net of interest credited to policyholder account
balances, reduced net income by $17 million and was
primarily due to an after-tax non-cash increase in interest
credited from changes in risk free interest rates used in the
present value calculations of embedded derivatives associated
with equity indexed annuity treaties The increase in other
revenues added $8 million to net income and was primarily
related to an increase in investment product fees on
asset-intensive business and financial reinsurance fees during
2008.
The decrease in other expenses contributed $127 million to
net income, net of income tax. The decrease in other expenses
was primarily related to a reduction of expenses associated with
DAC, including reinsurance allowances paid resulting from the
change in value of embedded derivatives included within net
investment losses and interest credited to policyholder account
balances, a decrease in minority interest and interest expense,
partially offset by an increase in compensation and
overhead-related expenses associated with RGA’s
international expansion.
These increases in net income were partially offset by a
$98 million increase in net investment losses, all net of
income tax. The increase in net investment losses was primarily
due to a decrease in the fair value of embedded derivatives
associated with the reinsurance of annuity products on a funds
withheld basis, primarily a result of the impact of widening
credit spreads in the U.S. debt markets.
Additionally, a component of the increase in net income was a
$2 million increase associated with foreign currency
exchange rate movements.
Revenues
Total revenues, excluding net investment gains (losses),
increased by $167 million, or 12%, to $1,517 million
for the three months ended March 31, 2008 from
$1,350 million for the comparable 2007 period.
The increase in revenues was primarily associated with growth in
premiums of $172 million from new facultative and automatic
treaties and renewal premiums on existing blocks of business in
all RGA operating segments, including the U.S., which
contributed $56 million; Asia Pacific, which contributed
$54 million; Canada, which contributed $40 million;
Europe and South Africa, which contributed $21 million, and
Corporate, which contributed $1 million. Premium levels are
significantly influenced by large transactions and reporting
practices of ceding companies and, as a result, can fluctuate
from period to period.
Net investment income decreased by $17 million primarily
due to a decrease of $57 million related to a reduction in
equity option market values relative to the comparable period
within certain funds withheld portfolios associated with the
reinsurance of equity indexed annuity products, which is
generally offset by an adjustment to interest credited to
policyholder account balances. This decrease is substantially
offset by an increase in the asset base, primarily due to
positive operating cash flows, and slightly higher yields.
Other revenues increased by $12 million primarily due to an
increase in surrender charges on asset-intensive business
reinsured and an increase in fees associated with financial
reinsurance.
Additionally, a component of the increase in total revenues,
excluding net investment gains (losses), was a $53 million
increase associated with foreign currency exchange rate
movements.
Expenses
Total expenses increased by $51 million, or 4%, to
$1,343 million for the three months ended March 31,
2008 from $1,292 million for the comparable 2007 period.
This increase in total expenses was primarily attributable to an
increase of $238 million in policyholder benefits and
claims, primarily associated with adverse claims experience in
the U.S. and the United Kingdom, our two largest mortality
markets, and growth in insurance in-force of $237 billion.
Additionally, interest credited to policyholder account balances
increased by $9 million, primarily due to a
$65 million increase in the current period related to
changes in risk free rates used in the present value
calculations of embedded derivatives associated with
equity-indexed annuity treaties (“EIAs”), generally
offset by a reduction in interest credited to policyholder
account balances associated with the aforementioned equity
option market value decreases within certain funds withheld
portfolios.
83
Other expenses decreased by $196 million due to a
$171 million decrease in expenses associated with DAC,
including reinsurance allowances paid, a $32 million
decrease in minority interest expense and a $2 million
decrease in interest expense due primarily to a decrease in
interest rates on variable rate debt. Included in the
$171 million decrease in expenses associated with DAC was a
$164 million reduction of DAC amortization due to the
change in the value of embedded derivatives associated with
modified coinsurance arrangements, primarily a result of the
impact of widening credit spreads in the U.S. debt markets
and changes in risk free rates used in the present value
calculations of embedded derivatives associated with EIAs. An
offsetting increase of $9 million was primarily due to
compensation and overhead-related expenses associated with
RGA’s international expansion and general growth in
operations.
Additionally, a component of the increase in total expenses was
a $49 million increase associated with foreign currency
exchange rate movements.
Corporate &
Other
Corporate & Other contains the excess capital not
allocated to the business segments, various
start-up
entities, including MetLife Bank, and run-off entities, as well
as interest expense related to the majority of the
Company’s outstanding debt and expenses associated with
certain legal proceedings and income tax audit issues.
Corporate & Other also includes the elimination of all
intersegment amounts, which generally relate to intersegment
loans, which bear interest at rates commensurate with related
borrowings, as well as intersegment transactions.
The following table presents consolidated financial information
for Corporate & Other for the periods indicated:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Revenues
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Premiums
|
|
$
|
7
|
|
|
$
|
8
|
|
Net investment income
|
|
|
270
|
|
|
|
370
|
|
Other revenues
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
Net investment gains (losses)
|
|
|
(20
|
)
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues
|
|
|
267
|
|
|
|
389
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Policyholder benefits and claims
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
|
11
|
|
Other expenses
|
|
|
353
|
|
|
|
333
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total expenses
|
|
|
363
|
|
|
|
344
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) from continuing operations before benefit for
income tax
|
|
|
(96
|
)
|
|
|
45
|
|
Benefit for income tax
|
|
|
(95
|
)
|
|
|
(37
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
82
|
|
Income from discontinued operations, net of income tax
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
17
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss)
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
99
|
|
Preferred stock dividends
|
|
|
33
|
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss) available to common shareholders
|
|
$
|
(34
|
)
|
|
$
|
65
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
84
Three
Months Ended March 31, 2008 compared with the Three Months
Ended March 31, 2007 — Corporate &
Other
Income
from Continuing Operations
Income from continuing operations decreased by $83 million,
to a loss of $1 million for the three months ended
March 31, 2008 from $82 million for the comparable
2007 period. Included in this decrease was an increase in net
investment losses of $16 million, net of income tax.
Excluding the impact of net investment gains (losses), income
from continuing operations decreased by $67 million.
The decrease in income from continuing operations was primarily
attributable to lower net investment income, higher interest
expense, and higher legal costs of $65 million,
$51 million, and $2 million respectively, each of
which were net of income tax. This decrease was partially offset
by lower corporate expenses, lower interest credited to
bankholder deposits, lower interest on uncertain tax positions,
and higher other revenues of $33 million, $4 million,
$3 million, and $2 million respectively, each of which
were net of income tax. Tax benefits increased by
$9 million over the comparable 2007 period due to the
actual and the estimated tax rate allocated to the various
segments.
Revenues
Total revenues, excluding net investment gains (losses),
decreased by $97 million, or 25%, to $287 million for
the three months ended March 31, 2008 from
$384 million for the comparable 2007 period.
This decrease was primarily due to a decrease in net investment
income of $100 million, mainly on reduced yields on other
limited partnerships including hedge funds and real estate and
real estate joint ventures partially offset by higher securities
lending results. This decrease in yields was partially offset by
a higher asset base related to the investment of proceeds from
issuances of junior subordinated debt in December 2007 and
collateral financing arrangements to support statutory reserves
in May 2007 and December 2007 partially offset by repurchases of
outstanding common stock, the prepayment of shares subject to
mandatory redemption in October 2007 and the reduction of
commercial paper outstanding. A slight repositioning of the
portfolio from short-term investments to leveraged leases
resulted in higher leveraged lease income. Also included as a
component of total revenues was the elimination of intersegment
amounts which was offset within total expenses.
Expenses
Total expenses increased by $19 million, or 6%, to
$363 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008
from $344 million for the comparable 2007 period.
Interest expense was higher by $78 million due to the
issuances of junior subordinated debt in December 2007 and
collateral financing arrangements in May 2007 and December 2007,
partially offset by the prepayment of shares subject to
mandatory redemption in October 2007 and the reduction of
commercial paper outstanding. Legal costs were higher by
$3 million primarily due to a decrease in the prior year of
$7 million of legal liabilities resulting from the
settlement of certain cases partially offset by lower
amortization and valuation of an asbestos insurance recoverable
of $4 million. Corporate expenses were lower by
$50 million primarily due to a reduction in deferred
compensation expenses of $33 million and lower corporate
support expenses of $17 million, which included incentive
compensation, rent,
start-up
costs, and information technology costs. As a result of lower
interest rates, interest credited to bankholder deposits
decreased by $7 million at MetLife Bank. Interest on
uncertain tax positions was lower by $4 million as a result
of a settlement payment to the Internal Revenue Service
(“IRS”) in December 2007 and a decrease in published
IRS interest rates. Also included as a component of total
expenses was the elimination of intersegment amounts which were
offset within total revenues.
Liquidity
and Capital Resources
The
Company
Capital
RBC requirements are used as minimum capital requirements by the
National Association of Insurance Commissioners
(“NAIC”) and the state insurance departments to
identify companies that merit regulatory action.
85
RBC is based on a formula calculated by applying factors to
various asset, premium and statutory reserve items. The formula
takes into account the risk characteristics of the insurer,
including asset risk, insurance risk, interest rate risk and
business risk and is calculated on an annual basis. The formula
is used as an early warning regulatory tool to identify possible
inadequately capitalized insurers for purposes of initiating
regulatory action, and not as a means to rank insurers
generally. These rules apply to each of the Holding
Company’s domestic insurance subsidiaries. State insurance
laws provide insurance regulators the authority to require
various actions by, or take various actions against, insurers
whose total adjusted capital does not exceed certain RBC levels.
As of the date of the most recent annual statutory financial
statements filed with insurance regulators, the total adjusted
capital of each of these subsidiaries was in excess of each of
those RBC levels.
Asset/Liability
Management
The Company actively manages its assets using an approach that
balances quality, diversification, asset/liability matching,
liquidity and investment return. The goals of the investment
process are to optimize, net of income tax, risk-adjusted
investment income and risk-adjusted total return while ensuring
that the assets and liabilities are managed on a cash flow and
duration basis. The asset/liability management process is the
shared responsibility of the Portfolio Management Unit, the
Financial Management and Oversight Asset/Liability Management
Unit, and the operating business segments under the supervision
of the various product line specific Asset/Liability Management
Committees (“ALM Committees”). The ALM
Committees’ duties include reviewing and approving target
portfolios on a periodic basis, establishing investment
guidelines and limits and providing oversight of the
asset/liability management process. The portfolio managers and
asset sector specialists, who have responsibility on a
day-to-day basis for risk management of their respective
investing activities, implement the goals and objectives
established by the ALM Committees.
The Company establishes target asset portfolios for each major
insurance product, which represent the investment strategies
used to profitably fund its liabilities within acceptable levels
of risk. These strategies are monitored through regular review
of portfolio metrics, such as effective duration, yield curve
sensitivity, convexity, liquidity, asset sector concentration
and credit quality. In executing these asset/liability matching
strategies, management regularly reevaluates the estimates used
in determining the approximate amounts and timing of payments to
or on behalf of policyholders for insurance liabilities. Many of
these estimates are inherently subjective and could impact the
Company’s ability to achieve its asset/liability management
goals and objectives.
Liquidity
Liquidity refers to a company’s ability to generate
adequate amounts of cash to meet its needs. The Company’s
liquidity position (cash and cash equivalents and short-term
investments, excluding securities lending) was
$12.5 billion and $12.3 billion at March 31, 2008
and December 31, 2007, respectively. Liquidity needs are
determined from a rolling
12-month
forecast by portfolio and are monitored daily. Asset mix and
maturities are adjusted based on forecast. Cash flow testing and
stress testing provide additional perspectives on liquidity. The
Company believes that it has sufficient liquidity to fund its
cash needs under various scenarios that include the potential
risk of early contractholder and policyholder withdrawal. The
Company includes provisions limiting withdrawal rights on many
of its products, including general account institutional pension
products (generally group annuities, including GICs, and certain
deposit fund liabilities) sold to employee benefit plan
sponsors. Certain of these provisions prevent the customer from
making withdrawals prior to the maturity date of the product.
In the event of significant unanticipated cash requirements
beyond normal liquidity, the Company has multiple alternatives
available based on market conditions and the amount and timing
of the liquidity need. These options include cash flows from
operations, the sale of liquid assets, global funding sources
and various credit facilities.
The Company’s ability to sell investment assets could be
limited by accounting rules, including rules relating to the
intent and ability to hold impaired securities until the market
value of those securities recovers.
In extreme circumstances, all general account assets within a
statutory legal entity are available to fund any obligation of
the general account within that legal entity.
A disruption in the financial markets could limit the Holding
Company’s access to or cost of liquidity.
86
Liquidity
Sources
Cash Flows from Operations. The Company’s
principal cash inflows from its insurance activities come from
insurance premiums, annuity considerations and deposit funds. A
primary liquidity concern with respect to these cash inflows is
the risk of early contractholder and policyholder withdrawal.
The Company’s principal cash inflows from its investment
activities come from repayments of principal, proceeds from
maturities and sales of invested assets and investment income.
The primary liquidity concerns with respect to these cash
inflows are the risk of default by debtors and market
volatilities. The Company closely monitors and manages these
risks through its credit risk management process.
Liquid Assets. An integral part of the
Company’s liquidity management is the amount of liquid
assets it holds. Liquid assets include cash, cash equivalents,
short-term investments, and marketable fixed maturity and equity
securities. Liquid assets exclude assets relating to securities
lending activities. At March 31, 2008 and December 31,
2007, the Company had $188.9 billion and
$188.4 billion in liquid assets, respectively.
Global Funding Sources. Liquidity is also
provided by a variety of both short-term and long-term
instruments, including repurchase agreements, commercial paper,
medium- and long-term debt, junior subordinated debt securities,
shares subject to mandatory redemption, capital securities and
stockholders’ equity. The diversity of the Company’s
funding sources enhances funding flexibility, limits dependence
on any one source of funds and generally lowers the cost of
funds.
At March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company
had outstanding $632 million and $667 million in
short-term debt, respectively, and $9.7 billion and
$9.6 billion in long-term debt, respectively. At
March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company had
outstanding $5.8 billion and $5.7 billion in
collateral financing arrangements, respectively. At both
March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company had
outstanding $4.5 billion in junior subordinated debt and
$159 million in shares subject to mandatory redemption.
Credit Facilities. The Company maintains
committed and unsecured credit facilities aggregating
$4.0 billion as of March 31, 2008. When drawn upon,
these facilities bear interest at varying rates in accordance
with the respective agreements. The facilities can be used for
general corporate purposes and, at March 31, 2008
$3.0 billion of the facilities also served as
back-up
lines of credit for the Company’s commercial paper programs.
Information on these credit facilities as of March 31, 2008
is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Letter of
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Credit
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unused
|
|
Borrower(s)
|
|
Expiration
|
|
Capacity
|
|
|
Issuances
|
|
|
Drawdowns
|
|
|
Commitments
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
MetLife, Inc. and MetLife Funding, Inc.
|
|
June 2012 (1)
|
|
$
|
3,000
|
|
|
$
|
2,152
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
848
|
|
MetLife Bank, N.A.
|
|
July 2008
|
|
|
200
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
200
|
|
Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated
|
|
May 2009
|
|
|
30
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
30
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated
|
|
March 2011
|
|
|
46
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
46
|
|
Reinsurance Group of America, Incorporated
|
|
September 2012 (2)
|
|
|
750
|
|
|
|
358
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
392
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
$
|
4,026
|
|
|
$
|
2,510
|
|
|
$
|
30
|
|
|
$
|
1,486
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Proceeds are available to be used for general corporate
purposes, to support their commercial paper programs and for the
issuance of letters of credit. All borrowings under the credit
agreement must be repaid by June 2012, except that letters of
credit outstanding upon termination may remain outstanding until
June 2013. The borrowers and the lenders under this facility may
agree to extend the term of all or part of the facility to no
later than June 2014, except that letters of credit outstanding
upon termination may remain outstanding until June 2015. |
|
(2) |
|
Under the credit agreement, RGA may borrow and obtain letters of
credit for general corporate purposes for its own account or for
the account of its subsidiaries. |
87
Committed Facilities. Information on committed
facilities as of March 31, 2008 is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Letter of
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Credit
|
|
|
Unused
|
|
|
Maturity
|
|
Account Party/Borrower(s)
|
|
Expiration
|
|
Capacity
|
|
|
Drawdowns
|
|
|
Issuances
|
|
|
Commitments
|
|
|
(Years)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exeter Reassurance Company Ltd., MetLife, Inc., & Missouri
Reinsurance (Barbados), Inc.
|
|
June 2016 (1)
|
|
$
|
500
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
490
|
|
|
$
|
10
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
Exeter Reassurance Company Ltd.
|
|
December 2027 (2)
|
|
|
650
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
410
|
|
|
|
240
|
|
|
|
19
|
|
Timberlake Financial L.L.C.
|
|
June 2036
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
|
850
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
150
|
|
|
|
28
|
|
MetLife Reinsurance Company of South Carolina &
MetLife, Inc.
|
|
June 2037
|
|
|
3,500
|
|
|
|
2,442
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1,058
|
|
|
|
29
|
|
MetLife Reinsurance Company of Vermont & MetLife,
Inc.
|
|
December 2037 (2)
|
|
|
2,896
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1,266
|
|
|
|
1,630
|
|
|
|
29
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
$
|
8,546
|
|
|
$
|
3,292
|
|
|
$
|
2,166
|
|
|
$
|
3,088
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Letters of credit and replacements or renewals thereof issued
under this facility of $280 million, $10 million and
$200 million are set to expire no later than December 2015,
March 2016 and June 2016, respectively. |
|
(2) |
|
The Holding Company is a guarantor under this agreement. |
Letters of Credit. At March 31, 2008, the
Company had outstanding $4.8 billion in letters of credit
from various financial institutions, of which $2.2 billion
and $2.5 billion were part of committed and credit
facilities, respectively. As commitments associated with letters
of credit and financing arrangements may expire unused, these
amounts do not necessarily reflect the Company’s actual
future cash funding requirements.
Liquidity
Uses
Insurance Liabilities. The Company’s
principal cash outflows primarily relate to the liabilities
associated with its various life insurance, property and
casualty, annuity and group pension products, operating expenses
and income tax, as well as principal and interest on its
outstanding debt obligations. Liabilities arising from its
insurance activities primarily relate to benefit payments under
the aforementioned products, as well as payments for policy
surrenders, withdrawals and loans.
Investment and Other. Additional cash outflows
include those related to obligations of securities lending
activities, investments in real estate, limited partnerships and
joint ventures, as well as litigation-related liabilities.
Contractual Obligations. At March 31,
2008, the Company’s contractual obligations had not changed
significantly, in both amount and timing, from that reported at
December 31, 2007 in the 2007 Annual Report.
Support Agreements. The Holding Company and
several of its subsidiaries (each, an “Obligor”) are
parties to various capital support commitments, guarantees and
contingent reinsurance agreements with certain subsidiaries of
the Holding Company and a corporation in which the Holding
Company owns approximately 50% of the equity. Under these
arrangements, each Obligor, with respect to the applicable
entity, has agreed to cause such entity to meet specified
capital and surplus levels, has guaranteed certain contractual
obligations or has agreed to provide, upon the occurrence of
certain contingencies, reinsurance for such entity’s
insurance liabilities or for certain policies reinsured by such
entity. Management does not anticipate that these arrangements
will place any significant demands upon the Company’s
liquidity resources.
Litigation. Putative or certified class action
litigation and other litigation, and claims and assessments
against the Company, in addition to those discussed elsewhere
herein and those otherwise provided for in the Company’s
consolidated financial statements, have arisen in the course of
the Company’s business, including, but not limited to, in
connection with its activities as an insurer, employer,
investor, investment advisor and taxpayer. Further, state
insurance regulatory authorities and other federal and state
authorities regularly make inquiries and conduct investigations
concerning the Company’s compliance with applicable
insurance and other laws and regulations.
It is not possible to predict or determine the ultimate outcome
of all pending investigations and legal proceedings or provide
reasonable ranges of potential losses except as noted elsewhere
herein in connection with
88
specific matters. In some of the matters referred to herein,
very large
and/or
indeterminate amounts, including punitive and treble damages,
are sought. Although in light of these considerations, it is
possible that an adverse outcome in certain cases could have a
material adverse effect upon the Company’s financial
position, based on information currently known by the
Company’s management, in its opinion, the outcome of such
pending investigations and legal proceedings are not likely to
have such an effect. However, given the large
and/or
indeterminate amounts sought in certain of these matters and the
inherent unpredictability of litigation, it is possible that an
adverse outcome in certain matters could, from time to time,
have a material adverse effect on the Company’s net income
or cash flows in particular quarterly or annual periods.
Fair Value. Management does not believe
increases and decreases in the aggregate fair value of our
assets and liabilities will adversely impact our liquidity and
capital resources. See also “— Quantitative and
Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.”
Other. Based on management’s analysis of
its expected cash inflows from operating activities, the
dividends it receives from subsidiaries, including MLIC, that
are permitted to be paid without prior insurance regulatory
approval and its portfolio of liquid assets and other
anticipated cash flows, management believes there will be
sufficient liquidity to enable the Company to make payments on
debt, make cash dividend payments on its common and preferred
stock, pay all operating expenses, and meet its cash needs. The
nature of the Company’s diverse product portfolio and
customer base lessens the likelihood that normal operations will
result in any significant strain on liquidity.
Consolidated Cash Flows. Net cash provided by
operating activities increased by $1.4 billion to
$3.6 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2008
as compared to $2.2 billion for the three months ended
March 31, 2007 primarily due to higher premiums, fees and
other revenues.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $4.7 billion
and $4.0 billion for the three months ended March 31,
2008 and 2007, respectively. Accordingly, net cash provided by
financing activities increased by $0.7 billion for the
three months ended March 31, 2008 as compared to the same
period in the prior year. Net cash provided by financing
activities increased primarily as a result of an increase of
$3.2 billion in net cash provided by policyholder account
balances and a $0.2 billion increase in the amount of
securities lending cash collateral received in connection with
the Company’s securities lending program. These increases
were partially offset by a decrease in short-term debt
borrowings of $2.0 billion, an increase of
$0.5 billion in shares acquired under the Company’s
common stock repurchase program and a net decrease in long-term
debt issued of $0.3 billion.
Net cash used in investing activities was $7.7 billion and
$6.8 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2008
and 2007, respectively. Accordingly, net cash used in investing
activities increased by $0.9 billion for the three months
ended March 31, 2008 as compared to the same period in the
prior year. In the current year, cash available for the purchase
of invested assets increased by $0.7 billion as a result of
the increase in cash provided by financing activities discussed
above. Also, cash available for investment increased by
$1.4 billion from cash provided by operating activities
discussed above. The increase in net cash used in investing
activities resulted primarily from an increase in other invested
assets of $1.4 billion, an increase in policy loans of
$0.4 billion and a decrease in cash invested in short-term
investments of $0.2 billion. In addition, the 2008 period
includes $0.3 billion of cash used to purchase businesses.
These increases in net cash used in investing activities were
partially offset by a decrease in the net origination of
mortgage and consumer loans of $0.9 billion, a decrease in
net purchases of fixed maturity securities of $0.2 billion,
as well as a decrease in the net purchases of real estate and
real estate joint ventures of $0.2 billion.
The
Holding Company
Capital
Restrictions and Limitations on Bank Holding Companies and
Financial Holding Companies —
Capital. The Holding Company and its insured
depository institution subsidiary, MetLife Bank, are subject to
risk-based and leverage capital guidelines issued by the federal
banking regulatory agencies for banks and financial holding
companies. The federal banking regulatory agencies are required
by law to take specific prompt corrective actions with respect
to institutions that do not meet minimum capital standards. As
of their most recently filed reports with the federal banking
89
regulatory agencies, MetLife, Inc. and MetLife Bank met the
minimum capital standards as per federal banking regulatory
agencies with all of MetLife Bank’s risk-based and leverage
capital ratios meeting the federal banking regulatory
agencies’ “well capitalized” standards and all of
MetLife, Inc.’s risk-based and leverage capital ratios
meeting the “adequately capitalized” standards.
Liquidity
Liquidity is managed to preserve stable, reliable and
cost-effective sources of cash to meet all current and future
financial obligations and is provided by a variety of sources,
including a portfolio of liquid assets, a diversified mix of
short- and long-term funding sources from the wholesale
financial markets and the ability to borrow through committed
credit facilities. The Holding Company is an active participant
in the global financial markets through which it obtains a
significant amount of funding. These markets, which serve as
cost-effective sources of funds, are critical components of the
Holding Company’s liquidity management. Decisions to access
these markets are based upon relative costs, prospective views
of balance sheet growth and a targeted liquidity profile. A
disruption in the financial markets could limit the Holding
Company’s access to liquidity.
The Holding Company’s ability to maintain regular access to
competitively priced wholesale funds is fostered by its current
high credit ratings from the major credit rating agencies.
Management views its capital ratios, credit quality, stable and
diverse earnings streams, diversity of liquidity sources and its
liquidity monitoring procedures as critical to retaining high
credit ratings.
Liquidity is monitored through the use of internal liquidity
risk metrics, including the composition and level of the liquid
asset portfolio, timing differences in short-term cash flow
obligations, access to the financial markets for capital and
debt transactions and exposure to contingent draws on the
Holding Company’s liquidity.
Liquidity
Sources
Dividends. The primary source of the Holding
Company’s liquidity is dividends it receives from its
insurance subsidiaries. The Holding Company’s insurance
subsidiaries are subject to regulatory restrictions on the
payment of dividends imposed by the regulators of their
respective domiciles. The dividend limitation for
U.S. insurance subsidiaries is based on the surplus to
policyholders as of the immediately preceding calendar year and
statutory net gain from operations for the immediately preceding
calendar year. Statutory accounting practices, as prescribed by
insurance regulators of various states in which the Company
conducts business, differ in certain respects from accounting
principles used in financial statements prepared in conformity
with GAAP. The significant differences relate to the treatment
of DAC, certain deferred income tax, required investment
reserves, reserve calculation assumptions, goodwill and surplus
notes. Management of the Holding Company cannot provide
assurances that the Holding Company’s insurance
subsidiaries will have statutory earnings to support payment of
dividends to the Holding Company in an amount sufficient to fund
its cash requirements and pay cash dividends and that the
applicable insurance departments will not disapprove any
dividends that such insurance subsidiaries must submit for
approval.
The table below sets forth the dividends permitted to be paid by
the respective insurance subsidiary without insurance regulatory
approval:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
|
Permitted w/o
|
|
Company
|
|
Approval (1)
|
|
|
Metropolitan Life Insurance Company
|
|
$
|
1,299
|
|
MetLife Insurance Company of Connecticut
|
|
$
|
1,026
|
|
Metropolitan Tower Life Insurance Company
|
|
$
|
113
|
|
Metropolitan Property and Casualty Insurance Company
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Reflects dividend amounts that may be paid during 2008 without
prior regulatory approval. However, if paid before a specified
date during 2008, some or all of such dividends may require
regulatory approval. |
During the three months ended March 31, 2008, no dividends
were paid to the Holding Company.
90
Liquid Assets. An integral part of the Holding
Company’s liquidity management is the amount of liquid
assets it holds. Liquid assets include cash, cash equivalents,
short-term investments and marketable fixed maturity securities.
Liquid assets exclude assets relating to securities lending
activities. At March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007,
the Holding Company had $1.2 billion and $2.3 billion
in liquid assets, respectively.
Global Funding Sources. Liquidity is also
provided by a variety of short-term and long-term instruments,
commercial paper, medium- and long-term debt, junior
subordinated debt securities, collateral financing arrangements,
capital securities and stockholders’ equity. The diversity
of the Holding Company’s funding sources enhances funding
flexibility and limits dependence on any one source of funds and
generally lowers the cost of funds. Other sources of the Holding
Company’s liquidity include programs for short- and
long-term borrowing, as needed.
At March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Holding
Company had $313 million and $310 million in
short-term debt outstanding, respectively. At March 31,
2008 and December 31, 2007, the Holding Company had
outstanding $7.0 billion, $500 million,
$3.4 billion and $2.4 billion of unaffiliated
long-term debt, affiliated long-term debt, junior subordinated
debt securities and collateral financing arrangements,
respectively.
Preferred Stock. During the three months ended
March 31, 2008, the Holding Company issued no new preferred
stock.
See “— Liquidity and Capital
Resources — The Holding Company — Liquidity
Uses — Dividends” for dividends paid on the
Company’s preferred stock.
Credit Facilities. The Holding Company and
MetLife Funding entered into a $3.0 billion credit
agreement with various financial institutions, the proceeds of
which are available to be used for general corporate purposes,
to support their commercial paper programs and for the issuance
of letters of credit. All borrowings under the credit agreement
must be repaid by June 2012, except that letters of credit
outstanding upon termination may remain outstanding until June
2013. The borrowers and the lenders under this facility may
agree to extend the term of all or part of the facility to no
later than June 2014, except that letters of credit outstanding
upon termination may remain outstanding until June 2015.
At March 31, 2008, $2.2 billion of letters of credit
have been issued under these unsecured credit facilities on
behalf of the Holding Company.
Committed Facilities. Information on committed
facilities as of March 31, 2008 is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Letter of
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Credit
|
|
|
Unused
|
|
|
Maturity
|
|
Account Party/Borrower(s)
|
|
Expiration
|
|
Capacity
|
|
|
Drawdowns
|
|
|
Issuances
|
|
|
Commitments
|
|
|
(Years)
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Exeter Reassurance Company Ltd., MetLife, Inc., & Missouri
Reinsurance (Barbados), Inc.
|
|
June 2016 (1)
|
|
$
|
500
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
490
|
|
|
$
|
10
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
Exeter Reassurance Company Ltd.
|
|
December 2027 (2)
|
|
|
650
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
410
|
|
|
|
240
|
|
|
|
19
|
|
MetLife Reinsurance Company of South Carolina &
MetLife, Inc.
|
|
June 2037
|
|
|
3,500
|
|
|
|
2,442
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1,058
|
|
|
|
29
|
|
MetLife Reinsurance Company of Vermont & MetLife,
Inc.
|
|
December 2037 (2)
|
|
|
2,896
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1,266
|
|
|
|
1,630
|
|
|
|
29
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
$
|
7,546
|
|
|
$
|
2,442
|
|
|
$
|
2,166
|
|
|
$
|
2,938
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Letters of credit and replacements or renewals thereof issued
under this facility of $280 million, $10 million and
$200 million are set to expire no later than December 2015,
March 2016 and June 2016, respectively. |
|
(2) |
|
The Holding Company is a guarantor under this agreement. |
Letters of Credit. At March 31, 2008, the
Holding Company had $2.2 billion in outstanding letters of
credit, all of which are associated with the aforementioned
credit facilities, from various financial institutions. As
commitments associated with letters of credit and financing
arrangements may expire unused, these amounts do not necessarily
reflect the Holding Company’s actual future cash funding
requirements.
91
Liquidity
Uses
The primary uses of liquidity of the Holding Company include
debt service, cash dividends on common and preferred stock,
capital contributions to subsidiaries, payment of general
operating expenses, acquisitions and the repurchase of the
Holding Company’s common stock.
Dividends. Information on the declaration,
record and payment dates, as well as per share and aggregate
dividend amounts, for the Holding Company’s Floating Rate
Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series A (the
“Series A preferred shares”) and 6.50%
Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series B (the
“Series B preferred shares,” together with the
Series A preferred shares, collectively, the
“Preferred Shares”) is as follows for the three months
ended March 31, 2008 and 2007:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dividend
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Series A
|
|
|
Series A
|
|
|
Series B
|
|
|
Series B
|
|
Declaration Date
|
|
Record Date
|
|
Payment Date
|
|
Per Share
|
|
|
Aggregate
|
|
|
Per Share
|
|
|
Aggregate
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions, except per share data)
|
|
|
March 5, 2008
|
|
February 29, 2008
|
|
March 17, 2008
|
|
$
|
0.3785745
|
|
|
$
|
9
|
|
|
$
|
0.4062500
|
|
|
$
|
24
|
|
March 5, 2007
|
|
February 28, 2007
|
|
March 15, 2007
|
|
$
|
0.3975000
|
|
|
$
|
10
|
|
|
$
|
0.4062500
|
|
|
$
|
24
|
|
Affiliated Capital Transactions. During the
three months ended March 31, 2008, the Holding Company
invested an aggregate of $430 million in various affiliates.
Share Repurchase. At December 31, 2007,
the Company had $511 million remaining under its cumulative
stock repurchase program authorizations. The $511 million
authorization was reduced by $450 million to
$61 million upon settlement of the accelerated stock
repurchase agreement executed during December 2007 but for which
no settlement occurred until January 2008. Under the terms of
the agreement, the Company paid the bank $450 million in cash in
January 2008 in exchange for 6.6 million shares of the
Company’s outstanding common stock that the bank borrowed
from third parties. Also in January 2008, the bank delivered 1.1
million additional shares of the Company’s common stock to
the Company resulting in a total of 7.7 million shares being
repurchased under the agreement. Upon settlement with the bank
in January 2008, the Company increased additional paid-in
capital and reduced treasury stock. In January 2008, the
Company’s Board of Directors authorized an additional
$1 billion common stock repurchase program which began
after the completion of the September 2007 program. Under these
authorizations, the Holding Company may purchase its common
stock from the MetLife Policyholder Trust, in the open market
(including pursuant to the terms of a pre-set trading plan
meeting the requirements of
Rule 10b5-1
under the Exchange Act) and in privately negotiated transactions.
In February 2008, the Holding Company entered into an
accelerated common stock repurchase agreement with a major bank.
Under the agreement, the Company paid the bank $711 million
in cash and the bank delivered an initial amount of
11.2 million shares of the Company’s outstanding
common stock that the bank borrowed from third parties. Final
settlement of the agreement is scheduled to take place during
the second quarter of 2008. The final number of shares the
Company is repurchasing under the terms of the agreement and the
timing of the final settlement will depend on, among other
things, prevailing market conditions and the market prices of
the common stock during the repurchase period. The Company
recorded the shares initially repurchased as treasury stock.
The Company also repurchased 1.5 million shares through
open market purchases for $89 million during the three
months ended March 31, 2008.
The Company repurchased 20.4 million shares of its common
stock for $1.3 billion during the three months ended
March 31, 2008. During the three months ended
March 31, 2008, 0.6 million shares of common stock
were issued from treasury stock for $32 million.
In April 2008, the Holding Company’s Board of Directors
authorized an additional $1 billion common stock repurchase
program which will begin after the completion of the January
2008 program. Subsequent to the April 2008 authorization, the
amount remaining under these repurchase programs was
$1,261 million. See “— Subsequent
Events.”
92
Future common stock repurchases will be dependent upon several
factors, including the Company’s capital position, its
financial strength and credit ratings, general market conditions
and the price of MetLife, Inc.’s common stock.
Support Agreements. The Holding Company is
party to various capital support commitments with certain of its
subsidiaries and a corporation in which it owns 50% of the
equity. Under these arrangements, the Holding Company has agreed
to cause each such entity to meet specified capital and surplus
levels. Management does not anticipate that these arrangements
will place any significant demands upon the Holding
Company’s liquidity resources.
Based on management’s analysis and comparison of its
current and future cash inflows from the dividends it receives
from subsidiaries that are permitted to be paid without prior
insurance regulatory approval, its portfolio of liquid assets,
anticipated securities issuances and other anticipated cash
flows, management believes there will be sufficient liquidity to
enable the Holding Company to make payments on debt, make cash
dividend payments on its common and preferred stock, contribute
capital to its subsidiaries, pay all operating expenses and meet
its cash needs.
Subsequent
Events
On April 22, 2008, the Company’s Board of Directors
authorized an additional $1 billion common stock repurchase
program, which will begin after the completion of the
$1 billion common stock repurchase program authorized in
January 2008.
On April 8, 2008, MetLife Capital Trust X, a variable
interest entity (“VIE”) consolidated by the Company,
issued $750 million of exchangeable surplus trust
securities.
Off-Balance
Sheet Arrangements
Commitments
to Fund Partnership Investments
The Company makes commitments to fund partnership investments in
the normal course of business for the purpose of enhancing the
Company’s total return on its investment portfolio. The
amounts of these unfunded commitments were $4.5 billion and
$4.3 billion at March 31, 2008 and December 31,
2007, respectively. The Company anticipates that these amounts
will be invested in partnerships over the next five years. There
are no other obligations or liabilities arising from such
arrangements that are reasonably likely to become material.
Mortgage
Loan Commitments
The Company commits to lend funds under mortgage loan
commitments. The amounts of these mortgage loan commitments were
$3.9 billion and $4.0 billion at March 31, 2008
and December 31, 2007, respectively. The purpose of these
loans is to enhance the Company’s total return on its
investment portfolio. There are no other obligations or
liabilities arising from such arrangements that are reasonably
likely to become material.
Commitments
to Fund Bank Credit Facilities, Bridge Loans and Private
Corporate Bond Investments
The Company commits to lend funds under bank credit facilities,
bridge loans and private corporate bond investments. The amounts
of these unfunded commitments were $891 million and
$1.2 billion at March 31, 2008 and December 31,
2007, respectively. The purpose of these commitments and any
related fundings is to enhance the Company’s total return
on its investment portfolio. There are no other obligations or
liabilities arising from such arrangements that are reasonably
likely to become material.
Lease
Commitments
The Company, as lessee, has entered into various lease and
sublease agreements for office space, data processing and other
equipment. There have been no material changes in the
Company’s commitments under such lease agreements from that
reported at December 31, 2007, included in the 2007 Annual
Report.
93
Credit
Facilities and Letters of Credit
The Company maintains committed and unsecured credit facilities
and letters of credit with various financial institutions. See
“— Liquidity and Capital Resources —
The Company — Liquidity Sources — Credit
Facilities” and ‘‘— Letters of
Credit” for further descriptions of such arrangements.
Share-Based
Arrangements
In connection with the issuance of common equity units, the
Holding Company issued forward stock purchase contracts under
which the Holding Company will issue, in 2008 and 2009, between
39.0 and 47.8 million shares of its common stock, depending
upon whether the share price is greater than $43.35 and less
than $53.10.
Guarantees
In the normal course of its business, the Company has provided
certain indemnities, guarantees and commitments to third parties
pursuant to which it may be required to make payments now or in
the future. In the context of acquisition, disposition,
investment and other transactions, the Company has provided
indemnities and guarantees, including those related to tax,
environmental and other specific liabilities, and other
indemnities and guarantees that are triggered by, among other
things, breaches of representations, warranties or covenants
provided by the Company. In addition, in the normal course of
business, the Company provides indemnifications to
counterparties in contracts with triggers similar to the
foregoing, as well as for certain other liabilities, such as
third party lawsuits. These obligations are often subject to
time limitations that vary in duration, including contractual
limitations and those that arise by operation of law, such as
applicable statutes of limitation. In some cases, the maximum
potential obligation under the indemnities and guarantees is
subject to a contractual limitation ranging from less than
$1 million to $800 million, with a cumulative maximum
of $2.4 billion, while in other cases such limitations are
not specified or applicable. Since certain of these obligations
are not subject to limitations, the Company does not believe
that it is possible to determine the maximum potential amount
that could become due under these guarantees in the future.
In addition, the Company indemnifies its directors and officers
as provided in its charters and by-laws. Also, the Company
indemnifies its agents for liabilities incurred as a result of
their representation of the Company’s interests. Since
these indemnities are generally not subject to limitation with
respect to duration or amount, the Company does not believe that
it is possible to determine the maximum potential amount that
could become due under these indemnities in the future.
The Company has also guaranteed minimum investment returns on
certain international retirement funds in accordance with local
laws. Since these guarantees are not subject to limitation with
respect to duration or amount, the Company does not believe that
it is possible to determine the maximum potential amount that
could become due under these guarantees in the future.
During the three months ended March 31, 2008, the Company
recorded $7 million of additional liabilities for
guarantees related to certain investment transactions. The term
for these liabilities varies, with a maximum of 18 years.
The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company
could be required to pay under these guarantees is
$225 million. The Company’s recorded liabilities were
$13 million and $6 million at March 31, 2008 and
December 31, 2007, respectively, for indemnities,
guarantees and commitments.
In connection with synthetically created investment
transactions, the Company writes credit default swap obligations
that generally require payment of principal outstanding due in
exchange for the referenced credit obligation. If a credit
event, as defined by the contract, occurs the Company’s
maximum amount at risk, assuming the value of the referenced
credits becomes worthless, was $905 million at
March 31, 2008. The credit default swaps expire at various
times during the next eight years.
Collateral
for Securities Lending
The Company has non-cash collateral for securities lending on
deposit from customers, which cannot be sold or repledged, and
which has not been recorded on its consolidated balance sheets.
The amount of this collateral was $19 million and
$40 million at March 31, 2008 and December 31,
2007, respectively.
94
Adoption
of New Accounting Pronouncements
Fair
Value
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157,
Fair Value Measurements (“SFAS 157”).
SFAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a consistent
framework for measuring fair value, establishes a fair value
hierarchy based on the observability of inputs used to measure
fair value, and requires enhanced disclosures about fair value
measurements.
SFAS 157 defines fair value as the price that would be
received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an
exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the
asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market
participants on the measurement date. In many cases, the exit
price and the transaction (or entry) price will be the same at
initial recognition. However, in certain cases, the transaction
price may not represent fair value. Prior to SFAS 157, the
fair value of a liability was often based on a settlement price
concept, which assumed the liability was extinguished. Under
SFAS 157, fair value is based on the amount that would be
paid to transfer a liability to a third party with the same
credit standing. SFAS 157 requires that fair value be a
market-based measurement in which the fair value is determined
based on a hypothetical transaction at the measurement date,
considered from the perspective of a market participant.
Accordingly, fair value is no longer determined based solely
upon the perspective of the reporting entity. When quoted prices
are not used to determine fair value, SFAS 157 requires
consideration of three broad valuation techniques: (i) the
market approach, (ii) the income approach, and
(iii) the cost approach. The approaches are not new but
SFAS 157 requires that entities determine the most
appropriate valuation technique to use, given what is being
measured and the availability of sufficient inputs.
SFAS 157 prioritizes the inputs to fair valuation
techniques and allows for the use of unobservable inputs to the
extent that observable inputs are not available. The Company has
categorized its assets and liabilities into a three-level
hierarchy, based on the priority of the inputs to the respective
valuation technique. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest
priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets
or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to
unobservable inputs (Level 3). An asset or liability’s
classification within the fair value hierarchy is based on the
lowest level of significant input to its valuation.
SFAS 157 defines the input levels as follows:
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Level 1
|
Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets
or liabilities.
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|
Level 2
|
Quoted prices in markets that are not active or inputs that are
observable either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs
include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities other
than quoted prices in Level 1; quoted prices in markets
that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can
be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market
data for substantially the full term of the assets or
liabilities.
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Level 3
|
Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market
activity and are significant to the fair value of the assets or
liabilities. Unobservable inputs reflect the reporting
entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market
participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.
Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial
instruments whose values are determined using pricing models,
discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as
well as instruments for which the determination of fair value
requires significant management judgment or estimation.
|
Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted
SFAS 157 and applied the provisions of the statement
prospectively to assets and liabilities measured at fair value.
The adoption of SFAS 157 changed the valuation of certain
freestanding derivatives by moving from a mid to bid pricing
convention as it relates to certain volatility inputs as well as
the addition of liquidity adjustments and adjustments for risks
inherent in a particular input or valuation technique. The
adoption of SFAS 157 also changed the valuation of the
Company’s embedded derivatives, most significantly the
valuation of embedded derivatives associated with certain riders
on variable annuity contracts. The change in valuation of
embedded derivatives associated with riders on annuity contracts
resulted from the incorporation of risk margins associated with
non capital market inputs and the inclusion of the
Company’s own credit standing in their valuation. At
January 1, 2008, the impact of adopting SFAS 157 on
assets and liabilities measured at fair value was
$30 million ($19 million, net of income tax) and was
recognized as a change in estimate in the accompanying unaudited
condensed consolidated statement of income where it was
presented in the
95
respective income statement caption to which the item measured
at fair value is presented. There were no significant changes in
fair value of items measured at fair value and reflected in
accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). The addition of
risk margins and the Company’s own credit spread in the
valuation of embedded derivatives associated with annuity
contracts may result in significant volatility in the
Company’s consolidated net income in future periods. The
impact of adopting SFAS 157 also changed the fair value
measurement for assets and liabilities which are not measured at
fair value in the financial statements but for which disclosures
of fair value are required under SFAS No. 107,
Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments
(“SFAS 107”).
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, The
Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities
(“SFAS 159”). SFAS 159 permits entities
the option to measure most financial instruments and certain
other items at fair value at specified election dates and to
recognize related unrealized gains and losses in earnings. The
fair value option is applied on an
instrument-by-instrument
basis upon adoption of the standard, upon the acquisition of an
eligible financial asset, financial liability or firm commitment
or when certain specified reconsideration events occur. The fair
value election is an irrevocable election. Effective
January 1, 2008, the Company elected the fair value option
on fixed maturity and equity securities backing certain pension
products sold in Brazil. Such securities will now be presented
as trading securities in accordance with SFAS No. 115,
Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity
Securities (“SFAS 115”) on the consolidated
balance sheet with subsequent changes in fair value recognized
in net investment income. Previously, these securities were
accounted for as available-for-sale securities in accordance
with SFAS 115 and unrealized gains and losses on these
securities were recorded as a separate component of accumulated
other comprehensive income (loss). The Company’s insurance
joint venture in Japan also elected the fair value option for
certain of its existing single premium deferred annuities and
the assets supporting such liabilities. The fair value option
was elected to achieve improved reporting of the asset/liability
matching associated with these products. Adoption of
SFAS 159 by the Company and its Japanese joint venture
resulted in an increase in retained earnings of
$27 million, net of income tax, at January 1, 2008.
The election of the fair value option resulted in the
reclassification of $10 million, net of income tax, of net
unrealized gains from accumulated other comprehensive income
(loss) to retained earnings on January 1, 2008.
Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted FASB Staff
Position (“FSP”)
No. FAS 157-1,
Application of FASB Statement No. 157 to FASB Statement
No. 13 and Other Accounting Pronouncements That Address
Fair Value Measurements for Purposes of Lease Classification or
Measurement under Statement 13
(“FSP 157-1”).
FSP 157-1
amends SFAS 157 to provide a scope out exception for lease
classification and measurement under SFAS No. 13,
Accounting for Leases. The Company also adopted FSP
No. FAS 157-2,
Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157 which
delays the effective date of SFAS 157 for certain
nonfinancial assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair
value on a nonrecurring basis. The effective date is delayed
until January 1, 2009 and impacts balance sheet items
including nonfinancial assets and liabilities in a business
combination and the impairment testing of goodwill and
long-lived assets.
Other
Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted FSP
No. FIN 39-1,
Amendment of FASB Interpretation No. 39
(“FSP 39-1”).
FSP 39-1
amends FASB Interpretation No. 39, Offsetting of
Amounts Related to Certain Contracts
(“FIN 39”), to permit a reporting entity to
offset fair value amounts recognized for the right to reclaim
cash collateral (a receivable) or the obligation to return cash
collateral (a payable) against fair value amounts recognized for
derivative instruments executed with the same counterparty under
the same master netting arrangement that have been offset in
accordance with FIN 39.
FSP 39-1
also amends FIN 39 for certain terminology modifications.
Upon adoption of
FSP 39-1,
the Company did not change its accounting policy of not
offsetting fair value amounts recognized for derivative
instruments under master netting arrangements. The adoption of
FSP 39-1
did not have an impact on the Company’s unaudited interim
condensed consolidated financial statements.
Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted SEC Staff
Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) No. 109, Written
Loan Commitments Recorded at Fair Value through Earnings
(“SAB 109”), which amends
SAB No. 105, Application of Accounting Principles
to Loan Commitments. SAB 109 provides guidance on
(i) incorporating expected net future cash flows when
related to the associated servicing of a loan when measuring
fair value; and (ii) broadening the SEC staff’s view
that internally-developed intangible assets should not be
recorded as part of the fair value of a derivative loan
commitment or to written loan commitments that are accounted for
at fair value
96
through earnings. Internally-developed intangible assets are not
considered a component of the related instruments. The adoption
of SAB 109 did not have an impact on the Company’s
unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.
Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted
SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments
and Hedging Activities (“SFAS 133”)
Implementation Issue
E-23,
Clarification of the Application of the Shortcut Method
(“Issue
E-23”).
Issue E-23
amended SFAS 133 by permitting interest rate swaps to have
a non-zero fair value at inception when applying the shortcut
method of assessing hedge effectiveness, as long as the
difference between the transaction price (zero) and the fair
value (exit price), as defined by SFAS 157, is solely
attributable to a bid-ask spread. In addition, entities are not
precluded from applying the shortcut method of assessing hedge
effectiveness in a hedging relationship of interest rate risk
involving an interest bearing asset or liability in situations
where the hedged item is not recognized for accounting purposes
until settlement date as long as the period between trade date
and settlement date of the hedged item is consistent with
generally established conventions in the marketplace. The
adoption of Issue
E-23 did not
have an impact on the Company’s unaudited interim condensed
consolidated financial statements.
Future
Adoption of New Accounting Pronouncements
Business
Combinations
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141
(revised 2007), Business Combinations — A
Replacement of FASB Statement No. 141
(“SFAS 141(r)”) and SFAS No. 160,
Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial
Statements — An Amendment of ARB No. 51
(“SFAS 160”). Under SFAS 141(r) and
SFAS 160:
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•
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All business combinations (whether full, partial or
“step” acquisitions) result in all assets and
liabilities of an acquired business being recorded at fair
value, with limited exceptions.
|
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•
|
Acquisition costs are generally expensed as incurred;
restructuring costs associated with a business combination are
generally expensed as incurred subsequent to the acquisition
date.
|
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•
|
The fair value of the purchase price, including the issuance of
equity securities, is determined on the acquisition date.
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•
|
Certain acquired contingent liabilities are recorded at fair
value at the acquisition date and subsequently measured at
either the higher of such amount or the amount determined under
existing guidance for non-acquired contingencies.
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|
•
|
Changes in deferred tax asset valuation allowances and income
tax uncertainties after the acquisition date generally affect
income tax expense.
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•
|
Noncontrolling interests (formerly known as “minority
interests”) are valued at fair value at the acquisition
date and are presented as equity rather than liabilities.
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•
|
When control is attained on previously noncontrolling interests,
the previously held equity interests are remeasured at fair
value and a gain or loss is recognized.
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•
|
Purchases or sales of equity interests that do not result in a
change in control are accounted for as equity transactions.
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|
•
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When control is lost in a partial disposition, realized gains or
losses are recorded on equity ownership sold and the remaining
ownership interest is remeasured and holding gains or losses are
recognized.
|
The pronouncements are effective for fiscal years beginning on
or after December 15, 2008 and apply prospectively to
business combinations. Presentation and disclosure requirements
related to noncontrolling interests must be retrospectively
applied. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of
SFAS 141(r) on its accounting for future acquisitions and
the impact of SFAS 160 on its consolidated financial
statements.
In April 2008, the FASB issued FSP
No. FAS 142-3,
Determination of the Useful Life of Intangible Assets
(“FSP 142-3”).
FSP 142-3
amends the factors that should be considered in developing
renewal or extension assumptions used to determine the useful
life of a recognized intangible asset under
SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and
97
Other Intangible Assets (“SFAS 142”). This
change is intended to improve the consistency between the useful
life of a recognized intangible asset under SFAS 142 and
the period of expected cash flows used to measure the fair value
of the asset under SFAS 141(r) and other GAAP.
FSP 142-3
is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years
beginning after December 15, 2008, and interim periods
within those fiscal years. The requirement for determining
useful lives must be applied prospectively to intangible assets
acquired after the effective date and the disclosure
requirements must be applied prospectively to all intangible
assets recognized as of, and subsequent to, the effective date.
Derivatives
In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161,
Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging
Activities — An Amendment of FASB Statement
No. 133 (“SFAS 161”). SFAS 161
requires enhanced qualitative disclosures about objectives and
strategies for using derivatives, quantitative disclosures about
fair value amounts of and gains and losses on derivative
instruments, and disclosures about credit-risk-related
contingent features in derivative agreements. SFAS 161 is
effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and
interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008. The
Company is currently evaluating the impact of SFAS 161 on
its consolidated financial statements.
Other
In February 2008, the FASB issued FSP
No. FAS 140-3,
Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets and Repurchase
Financing Transactions
(“FSP 140-3”).
FSP 140-3
provides guidance for evaluating whether to account for a
transfer of a financial asset and repurchase financing as a
single transaction or as two separate transactions.
FSP 140-3
is effective prospectively for financial statements issued for
fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008. The Company
is currently evaluating the impact of
FSP 140-3
on its consolidated financial statements.
In December 2007, the FASB ratified as final the consensus on
Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) Issue
No. 07-6,
Accounting for the Sale of Real Estate When the Agreement
Includes a Buy-Sell Clause
(“EITF 07-6”).
EITF 07-6
addresses whether the existence of a buy-sell arrangement would
preclude partial sales treatment when real estate is sold to a
jointly owned entity. The consensus concludes that the existence
of a buy-sell clause does not necessarily preclude partial sale
treatment under current guidance.
EITF 07-6
applies prospectively to new arrangements entered into and
assessments on existing transactions performed in fiscal years
beginning after December 15, 2008. The Company does not
expect the adoption of
EITF 07-6
to have a material impact on its consolidated financial
statements.
Investments
The Company’s primary investment objective is to optimize,
net of income tax, risk-adjusted investment income and
risk-adjusted total return while ensuring that assets and
liabilities are managed on a cash flow and duration basis. The
Company is exposed to three primary sources of investment risk:
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•
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credit risk, relating to the uncertainty associated with the
continued ability of a given obligor to make timely payments of
principal and interest;
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•
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interest rate risk, relating to the market price and cash flow
variability associated with changes in market interest
rates; and
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•
|
market valuation risk.
|
The Company manages risk through in-house fundamental analysis
of the underlying obligors, issuers, transaction structures and
real estate properties. The Company also manages credit risk and
market valuation risk through industry and issuer
diversification and asset allocation. For real estate and
agricultural assets, the Company manages credit risk and market
valuation risk through geographic, property type and product
type diversification and asset allocation. The Company manages
interest rate risk as part of its asset and liability management
strategies; product design, such as the use of market value
adjustment features and surrender charges; and proactive
monitoring and management of certain non-guaranteed elements of
its products, such as the resetting of credited interest and
dividend rates for policies that permit such adjustments. The
Company also uses certain derivative instruments in the
management of credit and interest rate risks.
98
Composition
of Investment Portfolio Results
The following table illustrates the net investment income, net
investment gains (losses), annualized yields on average ending
assets and ending carrying value for each of the components of
the Company’s investment portfolio:
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At or for the
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Three Months Ended March 31,
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2008
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2007
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(In millions)
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Fixed Maturity Securities
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|
|
|
|
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Yield (1)
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6.46
|
%
|
|
|
6.15
|
%
|
Investment income (2)
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$
|
3,278
|
|
|
$
|
3,065
|
|
Investment gains (losses)
|
|
$
|
(204
|
)
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|
$
|
(92
|
)
|
Ending carrying value (2)
|
|
$
|
244,896
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|
|
$
|
248,693
|
|
Mortgage and Consumer Loans
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yield (1)
|
|
|
6.18
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%
|
|
|
6.36
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%
|
Investment income (3)
|
|
$
|
689
|
|
|
$
|
632
|
|
Investment gains (losses)
|
|
$
|
(27
|
)
|
|
$
|
—
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|
Ending carrying value
|
|
$
|
47,777
|
|
|
$
|
43,936
|
|
Real Estate and Real Estate Joint Ventures (4)
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|
|
|
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Yield (1)
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|
5.06
|
%
|
|
|
11.60
|
%
|
Investment income
|
|
$
|
87
|
|
|
$
|
151
|
|
Investment gains (losses)
|
|
$
|
(2
|
)
|
|
$
|
7
|
|
Ending carrying value
|
|
$
|
6,963
|
|
|
$
|
5,427
|
|
Policy Loans
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yield (1)
|
|
|
6.23
|
%
|
|
|
6.16
|
%
|
Investment income
|
|
$
|
165
|
|
|
$
|
157
|
|
Ending carrying value
|
|
$
|
10,739
|
|
|
$
|
10,177
|
|
Equity Securities and Other Limited Partnership Interests
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yield (1)
|
|
|
7.03
|
%
|
|
|
15.25
|
%
|
Investment income
|
|
$
|
200
|
|
|
$
|
345
|
|
Investment gains (losses)
|
|
$
|
(13
|
)
|
|
$
|
64
|
|
Ending carrying value
|
|
$
|
11,882
|
|
|
$
|
10,082
|
|
Cash and Short-Term Investments
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yield (1)
|
|
|
3.05
|
%
|
|
|
6.16
|
%
|
Investment income
|
|
$
|
96
|
|
|
$
|
123
|
|
Investment gains (losses)
|
|
$
|
1
|
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
Ending carrying value
|
|
$
|
13,486
|
|
|
$
|
9,028
|
|
Other Invested Assets (5)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yield (1)
|
|
|
3.39
|
%
|
|
|
8.99
|
%
|
Investment income
|
|
$
|
106
|
|
|
$
|
212
|
|
Investment gains (losses)
|
|
$
|
(648
|
)
|
|
$
|
(74
|
)
|
Ending carrying value
|
|
$
|
14,357
|
|
|
$
|
9,713
|
|
Total Investments
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross investment income yield (1)
|
|
|
6.13
|
%
|
|
|
6.67
|
%
|
Investment fees and expenses yield
|
|
|
(0.16
|
)%
|
|
|
(0.15
|
)%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net Investment Income Yield
|
|
|
5.97
|
%
|
|
|
6.52
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross investment income
|
|
$
|
4,621
|
|
|
$
|
4,685
|
|
Investment fees and expenses
|
|
|
(122
|
)
|
|
|
(103
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net Investment Income
|
|
$
|
4,499
|
|
|
$
|
4,582
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ending carrying value
|
|
$
|
350,100
|
|
|
$
|
337,056
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross investment gains
|
|
$
|
405
|
|
|
$
|
308
|
|
Gross investment losses
|
|
|
(532
|
)
|
|
|
(289
|
)
|
Writedowns
|
|
|
(186
|
)
|
|
|
(3
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subtotal
|
|
$
|
(313
|
)
|
|
$
|
16
|
|
Derivative and other instruments not qualifying for hedge
accounting
|
|
|
(580
|
)
|
|
|
(111
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment Gains (Losses)
|
|
$
|
(893
|
)
|
|
$
|
(95
|
)
|
Minority interest — investment gains (losses)
|
|
|
25
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
Investment gains (losses) tax benefit (provision)
|
|
|
308
|
|
|
|
33
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment Gains (Losses), Net of Income Tax
|
|
$
|
(560
|
)
|
|
$
|
(58
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
99
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Yields are based on quarterly average asset carrying values,
excluding recognized and unrealized investment gains (losses),
and for yield calculation purposes, average assets exclude
collateral associated with the Company’s securities lending
program. |
|
(2) |
|
Fixed maturity securities include $808 million and
$777 million in ending carrying value and
($51) million and $15 million of investment income
related to trading securities for the three months ended
March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. |
|
(3) |
|
Investment income from mortgage and consumer loans includes
prepayment fees. |
|
(4) |
|
Included in investment income from real estate and real estate
joint ventures is ($2) million and $3 million of gains
related to discontinued operations for the three months ended
March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Included in
investment gains (losses) from real estate and real estate joint
ventures is $0 million and $5 million of gains related
to discontinued operations for the three months ended
March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. |
|
(5) |
|
Included in investment income from other invested assets are
scheduled periodic settlement payments on derivative instruments
that do not qualify for hedge accounting under
SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments
and Hedging (“SFAS 133”), of
($7) million and $58 million for the three months
ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. These amounts
are excluded from investment gains (losses). Additionally,
excluded from investment gains (losses) is $14 million and
$4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008
and 2007, respectively, related to settlement payments on
derivatives used to hedge interest rate and currency risk on
policyholder account balances that do not qualify for hedge
accounting. Such amounts are included within interest credited
to policyholder account balances. |
Fixed
Maturity and Equity Securities
Available-for-Sale
Fixed maturity securities consisted principally of publicly
traded and privately placed fixed maturity securities, and
represented 70% of total cash and invested assets at both
March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007. Based on
estimated fair value, public fixed maturity securities
represented $207.2 billion, or 85%, and
$205.4 billion, or 85%, of total fixed maturity securities
at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively.
Based on estimated fair value, private fixed maturity securities
represented $36.9 billion, or 15%, and $36.8 billion,
or 15%, of total fixed maturity securities at March 31,
2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively.
The Company determines the estimated fair value of its publicly
traded fixed maturity, equity, and trading securities as well as
its short-term investments generally through the use of
independent pricing services. Independent pricing services that
value these instruments use direct market quotes or market
standard valuation methodologies. The market standard valuation
methodologies utilized include: discounted cash flow
methodologies, matrix pricing or similar techniques. The
assumptions and inputs in applying these market standard
valuation methodologies include, but are not limited to,
interest rates, credit standing of the issuer or counterparty,
industry sector of the issuer, credit spreads, benchmark yields,
coupon rate, call provisions, sinking fund requirements,
maturity, estimated duration, and management’s assumptions
regarding liquidity, prepayments and estimated future cash
flows. When a price is not available from an independent pricing
service, the Company will value the security primarily using
independent broker quotations.
For privately placed fixed maturity securities, the Company
determines the estimated fair value through independent pricing
services or, discounted cash flow techniques. The discounted
cash flow valuations rely upon the estimated future cash flows
of the security, credit spreads of comparable public securities,
secondary transactions, and takes into account, among other
factors, the credit quality of the issuer and the reduced
liquidity associated with privately placed debt securities.
The Company has reviewed the significance and observability of
inputs used in the valuation methodologies to determine the
appropriate SFAS 157 fair value hierarchy level for each of
its securities. Based on the results of this review and
investment class analyses, each instrument is categorized as
Level 1, 2, or 3 based on the priority of the inputs
to the respective valuation methodologies. While prices for
U.S. Treasury fixed maturity securities, exchange-traded
common stock, and certain short-term money market securities
have been classified into Level 1, most securities valued
by independent pricing services have been classified into
Level 2 because the significant inputs used in pricing
these securities are market observable or can be corroborated
using market
100
observable information. Most investment grade privately placed
fixed maturity securities have been classified within
Level 2, while below investment grade or distressed
privately placed fixed maturity securities have been classified
within Level 3. Where estimated fair values are determined
by independent broker quotations, these instruments have been
classified as Level 3 due to the general lack of
transparency in the process that independent brokers use to
develop these price quotations.
Senior management, independent of the trading and investing
functions, is responsible for the oversight of control systems
and valuation policies, including reviewing and approving new
transaction types and markets, for ensuring that observable
market prices and market-based parameters are used for valuation
wherever possible and for determining that judgmental valuation
adjustments, if any, are based upon established policies and are
applied consistently over time. Management reviews its valuation
methodologies on an ongoing basis and ensures that any changes
to valuation methodologies are justified. Management employs
control systems and procedures that include confirmation that
independent pricing services use market-based parameters for
valuation wherever possible, comparisons with similar observable
positions, comparisons with actual trade data, and discussions
with senior business leaders familiar with the similar
investments and the markets in which they trade.
The Securities Valuation Office of the NAIC evaluates the fixed
maturity investments of insurers for regulatory reporting
purposes and assigns securities to one of six investment
categories called “NAIC designations.” The NAIC
ratings are similar to the rating agency designations of the
Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations
(“NRSROs”) for marketable bonds. NAIC ratings 1 and 2
include bonds generally considered investment grade (rated
“Baa3” or higher by Moody’s Investors Services
(“Moody’s”), or rated “BBB —
” or higher by Standard & Poor’s
(“S&P”) and Fitch Ratings Insurance Group
(“Fitch”)), by such rating organizations. NAIC ratings
3 through 6 include bonds generally considered below investment
grade (rated “Ba1” or lower by Moody’s, or rated
“BB+” or lower by S&P and Fitch).
The following table presents the Company’s total fixed
maturity securities by NRSRO designation and the equivalent
ratings of the NAIC, as well as the percentage, based on
estimated fair value, that each designation is comprised of at:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2008
|
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost or
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost or
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NAIC
|
|
Rating Agency
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
Estimated
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
Estimated
|
|
|
% of
|
|
Rating
|
|
Designation (1)
|
|
Cost
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Cost
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
1
|
|
Aaa/Aa/A
|
|
$
|
178,863
|
|
|
$
|
179,729
|
|
|
|
73.7
|
%
|
|
$
|
172,711
|
|
|
$
|
175,651
|
|
|
|
72.5
|
%
|
2
|
|
Baa
|
|
|
48,169
|
|
|
|
47,813
|
|
|
|
19.6
|
|
|
|
48,265
|
|
|
|
48,914
|
|
|
|
20.2
|
|
3
|
|
Ba
|
|
|
10,439
|
|
|
|
10,280
|
|
|
|
4.2
|
|
|
|
10,676
|
|
|
|
10,738
|
|
|
|
4.4
|
|
4
|
|
B
|
|
|
6,179
|
|
|
|
5,731
|
|
|
|
2.3
|
|
|
|
6,632
|
|
|
|
6,481
|
|
|
|
2.7
|
|
5
|
|
Caa and lower
|
|
|
600
|
|
|
|
503
|
|
|
|
0.2
|
|
|
|
476
|
|
|
|
445
|
|
|
|
0.2
|
|
6
|
|
In or near default
|
|
|
20
|
|
|
|
32
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total fixed maturity securities
|
|
$
|
244,270
|
|
|
$
|
244,088
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
$
|
238,761
|
|
|
$
|
242,242
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Amounts presented are based on rating agency designations.
Comparisons between NAIC ratings and rating agency designations
are published by the NAIC. The rating agency designations are
based on availability and the midpoint of the applicable ratings
among Moody’s, S&P and Fitch. If no rating is
available from a rating agency, then the MetLife rating is used. |
The Company held fixed maturity securities at estimated fair
values that were below investment grade or not rated by an
independent rating agency that totaled $16.5 billion and
$17.7 billion at March 31, 2008 and December 31,
2007, respectively. These securities had net unrealized losses
of $692 million and $108 million at March 31,
2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively. Non-income
producing fixed maturity securities were $32 million and
$13 million at March 31, 2008 and December 31,
2007, respectively. Net unrealized gains associated with
non-income producing fixed maturity securities were
$12 million at both March 31, 2008 and
December 31, 2007.
101
The following tables present the cost or amortized cost, gross
unrealized gain and loss, and estimated fair value of the
Company’s fixed maturity and equity securities, the
percentage that each sector represents by the respective total
holdings at:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2008
|
|
|
|
Cost or
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
Gross Unrealized
|
|
|
Estimated
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
|
Cost
|
|
|
Gain
|
|
|
Loss
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
U.S. corporate securities
|
|
$
|
78,251
|
|
|
$
|
1,749
|
|
|
$
|
3,797
|
|
|
$
|
76,203
|
|
|
|
31.2
|
%
|
Residential mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
57,024
|
|
|
|
874
|
|
|
|
1,379
|
|
|
|
56,519
|
|
|
|
23.2
|
|
Foreign corporate securities
|
|
|
37,242
|
|
|
|
1,835
|
|
|
|
1,294
|
|
|
|
37,783
|
|
|
|
15.6
|
|
U.S. Treasury/agency securities
|
|
|
20,246
|
|
|
|
1,855
|
|
|
|
14
|
|
|
|
22,087
|
|
|
|
9.0
|
|
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
19,214
|
|
|
|
121
|
|
|
|
687
|
|
|
|
18,648
|
|
|
|
7.6
|
|
Foreign government securities
|
|
|
13,511
|
|
|
|
1,969
|
|
|
|
131
|
|
|
|
15,349
|
|
|
|
6.3
|
|
Asset-backed securities
|
|
|
12,739
|
|
|
|
49
|
|
|
|
1,210
|
|
|
|
11,578
|
|
|
|
4.7
|
|
State and political subdivision securities
|
|
|
5,726
|
|
|
|
154
|
|
|
|
258
|
|
|
|
5,622
|
|
|
|
2.3
|
|
Other fixed maturity securities
|
|
|
317
|
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
|
28
|
|
|
|
299
|
|
|
|
0.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total fixed maturity securities
|
|
$
|
244,270
|
|
|
$
|
8,616
|
|
|
$
|
8,798
|
|
|
$
|
244,088
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common stock
|
|
$
|
2,540
|
|
|
$
|
390
|
|
|
$
|
167
|
|
|
$
|
2,763
|
|
|
|
49.9
|
%
|
Non-redeemable preferred stock
|
|
|
3,302
|
|
|
|
43
|
|
|
|
575
|
|
|
|
2,770
|
|
|
|
50.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total equity securities (1)
|
|
$
|
5,842
|
|
|
$
|
433
|
|
|
$
|
742
|
|
|
$
|
5,533
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
Cost or
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
Gross Unrealized
|
|
|
Estimated
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
|
Cost
|
|
|
Gain
|
|
|
Loss
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
U.S. corporate securities
|
|
$
|
77,875
|
|
|
$
|
1,725
|
|
|
$
|
2,174
|
|
|
$
|
77,426
|
|
|
|
32.0
|
%
|
Residential mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
56,267
|
|
|
|
611
|
|
|
|
389
|
|
|
|
56,489
|
|
|
|
23.3
|
|
Foreign corporate securities
|
|
|
37,359
|
|
|
|
1,740
|
|
|
|
794
|
|
|
|
38,305
|
|
|
|
15.8
|
|
U.S. Treasury/agency securities
|
|
|
19,771
|
|
|
|
1,487
|
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
|
21,245
|
|
|
|
8.8
|
|
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
17,676
|
|
|
|
251
|
|
|
|
199
|
|
|
|
17,728
|
|
|
|
7.3
|
|
Foreign government securities
|
|
|
13,535
|
|
|
|
1,924
|
|
|
|
188
|
|
|
|
15,271
|
|
|
|
6.3
|
|
Asset-backed securities
|
|
|
11,549
|
|
|
|
41
|
|
|
|
549
|
|
|
|
11,041
|
|
|
|
4.6
|
|
State and political subdivision securities
|
|
|
4,394
|
|
|
|
140
|
|
|
|
115
|
|
|
|
4,419
|
|
|
|
1.8
|
|
Other fixed maturity securities
|
|
|
335
|
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
|
30
|
|
|
|
318
|
|
|
|
0.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total fixed maturity securities
|
|
$
|
238,761
|
|
|
$
|
7,932
|
|
|
$
|
4,451
|
|
|
$
|
242,242
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common stock
|
|
$
|
2,488
|
|
|
$
|
568
|
|
|
$
|
108
|
|
|
$
|
2,948
|
|
|
|
48.7
|
%
|
Non-redeemable preferred stock
|
|
|
3,403
|
|
|
|
61
|
|
|
|
362
|
|
|
|
3,102
|
|
|
|
51.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total equity securities (1)
|
|
$
|
5,891
|
|
|
$
|
629
|
|
|
$
|
470
|
|
|
$
|
6,050
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Equity securities primarily consist of investments in common and
preferred stocks and mutual fund interests. Such securities
include private equity securities with an estimated fair value
of $633 million and $599 million at March 31,
2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively. |
The Company is not exposed to any significant concentrations of
credit risk in its equity securities portfolio. The Company is
exposed to concentrations of credit risk related to
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of
U.S. government and agencies. Additionally, at
March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company had
102
exposure to fixed maturity securities backed by sub-prime
mortgage loans with estimated fair values of $1.9 billion
and $2.2 billion, respectively, and unrealized losses of
$441 million and $219 million, respectively. These
securities are classified within asset-backed securities in the
immediately preceding tables. At March 31, 2008, 33% of the
asset-backed securities backed by sub-prime mortgage loans have
been guaranteed by financial guarantee insurers, of which 57%
were guaranteed by financial guarantee insurers who are Aaa
rated.
The fair value of fixed maturity securities and equity
securities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and their
corresponding fair value hierarchy, are summarized as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity
|
|
|
|
Fixed Maturity Securities
|
|
|
Securities
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets
(Level 1)
|
|
$
|
6,316
|
|
|
|
3
|
%
|
|
$
|
2,078
|
|
|
|
38
|
%
|
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2)
|
|
|
213,961
|
|
|
|
87
|
|
|
|
1,289
|
|
|
|
23
|
|
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
|
|
|
23,811
|
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
|
2,166
|
|
|
|
39
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total fair value
|
|
$
|
244,088
|
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
$
|
5,533
|
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2008
|
|
|
|
Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quoted Prices
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
in Active
|
|
|
Significant
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Markets for
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
Significant
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Identical Assets
|
|
|
Observable
|
|
|
Unobservable
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
and Liabilities
|
|
|
Inputs
|
|
|
Inputs
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
(Level 1)
|
|
|
(Level 2)
|
|
|
(Level 3)
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Fixed maturity securities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U.S. corporate securities
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
$
|
67,988
|
|
|
$
|
8,215
|
|
|
$
|
76,203
|
|
Residential mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
54,653
|
|
|
|
1,866
|
|
|
|
56,519
|
|
Foreign corporate securities
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
30,159
|
|
|
|
7,622
|
|
|
|
37,783
|
|
U.S. Treasury/agency securities
|
|
|
5,737
|
|
|
|
16,288
|
|
|
|
62
|
|
|
|
22,087
|
|
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
18,096
|
|
|
|
552
|
|
|
|
18,648
|
|
Foreign government securities
|
|
|
558
|
|
|
|
13,878
|
|
|
|
913
|
|
|
|
15,349
|
|
Asset-backed securities
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
7,407
|
|
|
|
4,171
|
|
|
|
11,578
|
|
State and political subdivision securities
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
5,477
|
|
|
|
137
|
|
|
|
5,622
|
|
Other fixed maturity securities
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
|
273
|
|
|
|
299
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total fixed maturity securities
|
|
$
|
6,316
|
|
|
$
|
213,961
|
|
|
$
|
23,811
|
|
|
$
|
244,088
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity securities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common stock
|
|
$
|
1,965
|
|
|
$
|
589
|
|
|
$
|
209
|
|
|
$
|
2,763
|
|
Non-redeemable preferred stock
|
|
|
113
|
|
|
|
700
|
|
|
|
1,957
|
|
|
|
2,770
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total equity securities
|
|
$
|
2,078
|
|
|
$
|
1,289
|
|
|
$
|
2,166
|
|
|
$
|
5,533
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
103
A rollforward of the fair value measurements for fixed maturity
securities and equity securities measured at fair value on a
recurring basis using significant unobservable
(Level 3) inputs for the three months ended
March 31, 2008 is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2008
|
|
|
|
Fixed Maturity
|
|
|
Equity
|
|
|
|
Securities
|
|
|
Securities
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Balance, December 31, 2007
|
|
$
|
24,854
|
|
|
$
|
2,385
|
|
Impact of SFAS 157 and SFAS 159 adoption
|
|
|
(8
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance, January 1, 2008
|
|
|
24,846
|
|
|
|
2,385
|
|
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Earnings
|
|
|
(19
|
)
|
|
|
(36
|
)
|
Other comprehensive income (loss)
|
|
|
(788
|
)
|
|
|
(179
|
)
|
Purchases, sales, issuances and settlements
|
|
|
144
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
Transfer in and/or out of Level 3
|
|
|
(372
|
)
|
|
|
(7
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance, March 31, 2008
|
|
$
|
23,811
|
|
|
$
|
2,166
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See “— Summary of Critical Accounting
Estimates — Investments” for further information
on the estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts
reported above.
Fixed Maturity and Equity Security
Impairment. The Company classifies all of its
fixed maturity and equity securities as available-for-sale and
marks them to market through other comprehensive income, except
for
non-marketable private
equities, which are generally carried at cost and trading
securities which are carried at fair value with subsequent
changes in fair value recognized in net investment income. All
securities with gross unrealized losses at the consolidated
balance sheet date are subjected to the Company’s process
for identifying other-than-temporary impairments. The Company
writes down to fair value securities that it deems to be
other-than-temporarily impaired in the period the securities are
deemed to be so impaired. The assessment of whether such
impairment has occurred is based on management’s
case-by-case
evaluation of the underlying reasons for the decline in fair
value. Management considers a wide range of factors, as
described in “— Summary of Critical Accounting
Estimates — Investments,” about the security
issuer and uses its best judgment in evaluating the cause of the
decline in the estimated fair value of the security and in
assessing the prospects for near-term recovery. Inherent in
management’s evaluation of the security are assumptions and
estimates about the operations of the issuer and its future
earnings potential.
The Company’s review of its fixed maturity and equity
securities for impairments includes an analysis of the total
gross unrealized losses by three categories of securities:
(i) securities where the estimated fair value had declined
and remained below cost or amortized cost by less than 20%;
(ii) securities where the estimated fair value had declined
and remained below cost or amortized cost by 20% or more for
less than six months; and (iii) securities where the
estimated fair value had declined and remained below cost or
amortized cost by 20% or more for six months or greater. While
all of these securities are monitored for potential impairment,
the Company’s experience indicates that the first two
categories do not present as great a risk of impairment, and
often, fair values recover over time as the factors that caused
the declines improve.
The Company records impairments as investment losses and adjusts
the cost basis of the fixed maturity and equity securities
accordingly. The Company does not change the revised cost basis
for subsequent recoveries in value. Impairments of fixed
maturity and equity securities were $140 million and
$3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008
and 2007, respectively. The Company’s three largest
impairments totaled $85 million and $3 million for the
three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
During the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, the
Company sold or disposed of fixed maturity and equity securities
at a loss that had a fair value of $5.8 billion and
$12.1 billion, respectively. Gross losses excluding
impairments for fixed maturity and equity securities were
$319 million and $249 million for the three months
ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
104
The following tables present the cost or amortized cost, gross
unrealized loss and number of securities for fixed maturity and
equity securities, where the estimated fair value had declined
and remained below cost or amortized cost by less than 20%, or
20% or more at:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2008
|
|
|
|
Cost or Amortized Cost
|
|
|
Gross Unrealized Loss
|
|
|
Number of Securities
|
|
|
|
Less than
|
|
|
20% or
|
|
|
Less than
|
|
|
20% or
|
|
|
Less than
|
|
|
20% or
|
|
|
|
20%
|
|
|
more
|
|
|
20%
|
|
|
more
|
|
|
20%
|
|
|
more
|
|
|
|
(In millions, except number of securities)
|
|
|
Less than six months
|
|
$
|
63,587
|
|
|
$
|
11,531
|
|
|
$
|
2,543
|
|
|
$
|
3,091
|
|
|
|
6,096
|
|
|
|
1,399
|
|
Six months or greater but less than nine months
|
|
|
11,734
|
|
|
|
146
|
|
|
|
883
|
|
|
|
66
|
|
|
|
993
|
|
|
|
50
|
|
Nine months or greater but less than twelve months
|
|
|
11,948
|
|
|
|
20
|
|
|
|
999
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
1,029
|
|
|
|
49
|
|
Twelve months or greater
|
|
|
26,407
|
|
|
|
46
|
|
|
|
1,937
|
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
|
2,261
|
|
|
|
92
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
113,676
|
|
|
$
|
11,743
|
|
|
$
|
6,362
|
|
|
$
|
3,178
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
Cost or Amortized Cost
|
|
|
Gross Unrealized Loss
|
|
|
Number of Securities
|
|
|
|
Less than
|
|
|
20% or
|
|
|
Less than
|
|
|
20% or
|
|
|
Less than
|
|
|
20% or
|
|
|
|
20%
|
|
|
more
|
|
|
20%
|
|
|
more
|
|
|
20%
|
|
|
more
|
|
|
|
(In millions, except number of securities)
|
|
|
Less than six months
|
|
$
|
49,463
|
|
|
$
|
1,943
|
|
|
$
|
1,670
|
|
|
$
|
555
|
|
|
|
6,339
|
|
|
|
644
|
|
Six months or greater but less than nine months
|
|
|
17,353
|
|
|
|
23
|
|
|
|
844
|
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
|
1,461
|
|
|
|
31
|
|
Nine months or greater but less than twelve months
|
|
|
9,410
|
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
|
568
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
791
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
Twelve months or greater
|
|
|
31,731
|
|
|
|
50
|
|
|
|
1,262
|
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
|
3,192
|
|
|
|
32
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
107,957
|
|
|
$
|
2,023
|
|
|
$
|
4,344
|
|
|
$
|
577
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007,
$6.4 billion and $4.3 billion, respectively, of
unrealized losses related to securities with an unrealized loss
position of less than 20% of cost or amortized cost, which
represented 6% and 4%, respectively, of the cost or amortized
cost of such securities.
At March 31, 2008, $3.2 billion of unrealized losses
related to securities with an unrealized loss position of 20% or
more of cost or amortized cost, which represented 27% of the
cost or amortized cost of such securities. Of such unrealized
losses of $3.2 billion, $3.1 billion related to
securities that were in an unrealized loss position for a period
of less than six months. At December 31, 2007,
$577 million of unrealized losses related to securities
with an unrealized loss position of 20% or more of cost or
amortized cost, which represented 29% of the cost or amortized
cost of such securities. Of such unrealized losses of
$577 million, $555 million related to securities that
were in an unrealized loss position for a period of less than
six months.
The Company held 140 fixed maturity and equity securities, each
with a gross unrealized loss at March 31, 2008 of greater
than $10 million. These securities represented 23%, or
$2.2 billion in the aggregate, of the gross unrealized loss
on fixed maturity and equity securities. The Company held 30
fixed maturity and equity securities, each with a gross
unrealized loss at December 31, 2007 of greater than
$10 million. These securities represented 9%, or
$459 million in the aggregate, of the gross unrealized loss
on fixed maturity and equity securities.
105
At March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company
had $9.5 billion and $4.9 billion, respectively, of
gross unrealized losses related to its fixed maturity and equity
securities. These securities are concentrated, calculated as a
percentage of gross unrealized loss, as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
Sector:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U.S. corporate securities
|
|
|
40
|
%
|
|
|
44
|
%
|
Foreign corporate securities
|
|
|
14
|
|
|
|
16
|
|
Asset-backed securities
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
|
11
|
|
Residential mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
Foreign government securities
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
Other
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
|
13
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Industry:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Finance
|
|
|
32
|
%
|
|
|
34
|
%
|
Industrial
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
18
|
|
Mortgage-backed
|
|
|
22
|
|
|
|
12
|
|
Utility
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
Government
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
Consumer
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
Other
|
|
|
26
|
|
|
|
21
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As described previously, the Company performs a regular
evaluation, on a
security-by-security
basis, of its investment holdings in accordance with its
impairment policy in order to evaluate whether such securities
are
other-than-temporarily
impaired. One of the criteria which the Company considers in its
other-than-temporary impairment analysis is its intent and
ability to hold securities for a period of time sufficient to
allow for the recovery of their value to an amount equal to or
greater than cost or amortized cost. The Company’s intent
and ability to hold securities considers broad portfolio
management objectives such as asset/liability duration
management, issuer and industry segment exposures, interest rate
views and the overall total return focus. In following these
portfolio management objectives, changes in facts and
circumstances that were present in past reporting periods may
trigger a decision to sell securities that were held in prior
reporting periods. Decisions to sell are based on current
conditions or the Company’s need to shift the portfolio to
maintain its portfolio management objectives including liquidity
needs or duration targets on asset/liability managed portfolios.
The Company attempts to anticipate these types of changes and if
a sale decision has been made on an impaired security and that
security is not expected to recover prior to the expected time
of sale, the security will be deemed other-than-temporarily
impaired in the period that the sale decision was made and an
other-than-temporary impairment loss will be recognized.
Based upon the Company’s current evaluation of the
securities in accordance with its impairment policy, the cause
of the decline being attributable to a rise in market rates
caused principally by a current widening of credit spreads which
resulted from a lack of market liquidity and a short-term market
dislocation versus a long-term deterioration in credit quality,
and the Company’s current intent and ability to hold the
fixed maturity and equity securities with unrealized losses for
a period of time sufficient for them to recover, the Company has
concluded that the aforementioned securities are not
other-than-temporarily impaired.
106
Corporate Fixed Maturity Securities. The table
below shows the major industry types that comprise the corporate
fixed maturity holdings at:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2008
|
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
Estimated
|
|
% of
|
|
|
Estimated
|
|
% of
|
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
|
|
Industrial
|
|
$
|
37,777
|
|
|
33.1
|
%
|
|
$
|
40,399
|
|
|
34.9
|
%
|
Foreign (1)
|
|
|
37,783
|
|
|
33.2
|
|
|
|
38,305
|
|
|
33.1
|
|
Finance
|
|
|
20,759
|
|
|
18.2
|
|
|
|
22,013
|
|
|
19.0
|
|
Utility
|
|
|
14,113
|
|
|
12.4
|
|
|
|
13,780
|
|
|
11.9
|
|
Other
|
|
|
3,554
|
|
|
3.1
|
|
|
|
1,234
|
|
|
1.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
113,986
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
$
|
115,731
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Includes U.S. dollar-denominated debt obligations of foreign
obligors, and other foreign investments. |
The Company maintains a diversified corporate fixed maturity
portfolio across industries and issuers. The portfolio does not
have exposure to any single issuer in excess of 1% of the total
invested assets of the portfolio. At March 31, 2008 and
December 31, 2007, the Company’s combined holdings in
the ten issuers to which it had the greatest exposure totaled
$8.4 billion and $7.8 billion, respectively, each less
than 3% of the Company’s total invested assets at such
dates. The exposure to the largest single issuer of corporate
fixed maturity securities held at March 31, 2008 and
December 31, 2007 was $1.6 billion and
$1.2 billion, respectively.
The Company has hedged all of its material exposure to foreign
currency risk in its corporate fixed maturity portfolio. In the
Company’s international insurance operations, both its
assets and liabilities are generally denominated in local
currencies.
Structured Securities. The following table
shows the types of structured securities the Company held at:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2008
|
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
Estimated
|
|
% of
|
|
|
Estimated
|
|
% of
|
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Residential mortgage-backed securities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Collateralized mortgage obligations
|
|
$
|
36,165
|
|
|
41.7
|
%
|
|
$
|
37,372
|
|
|
43.8
|
%
|
Pass-through securities
|
|
|
20,354
|
|
|
23.5
|
|
|
|
19,117
|
|
|
22.4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total residential mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
56,519
|
|
|
65.2
|
|
|
|
56,489
|
|
|
66.2
|
|
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
|
|
|
18,648
|
|
|
21.5
|
|
|
|
17,728
|
|
|
20.8
|
|
Asset-backed securities
|
|
|
11,578
|
|
|
13.3
|
|
|
|
11,041
|
|
|
13.0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
86,745
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
$
|
85,258
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The majority of the residential mortgage-backed securities are
guaranteed or otherwise supported by the Federal National
Mortgage Association, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
or the Government National Mortgage Association. Alternative
residential mortgage loans (“Alt-A”) are a
classification of mortgage loans where the risk profile of the
borrower falls between prime and sub-prime. At March 31,
2008 and December 31, 2007, $56.1 billion and
$56.2 billion, respectively, or 99% for both, of the
residential mortgage-backed securities were rated Aaa/AAA by
Moody’s, S&P or Fitch. At March 31, 2008 and
December 31, 2007, the Company’s Alt-A residential
mortgage-backed securities exposure was $5.8 billion and
$6.4 billion, respectively, with an unrealized loss of
$679 million and $143 million, respectively.
At March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007,
$16.7 billion and $15.5 billion, respectively, or 90%
and 87%, respectively, of the commercial mortgage-backed
securities were rated Aaa/AAA by Moody’s, S&P or Fitch.
The Company’s asset-backed securities are diversified both
by sector and by issuer. At March 31, 2008 and
December 31, 2007, the largest exposures in the
Company’s asset-backed securities portfolio were credit
card
107
receivables and automobile receivables of 43% and 11% of the
total holdings, respectively. At March 31, 2008 and
December 31, 2007, $7.1 billion and $6.0 billion,
respectively, or 61% and 54%, respectively, of total
asset-backed securities were rated Aaa/AAA by Moody’s,
S&P or Fitch.
The Company’s asset-backed securities included in the
structured securities table above include exposure to
residential mortgage-backed securities backed by sub-prime
mortgage loans. Sub-prime mortgage lending is the origination of
residential mortgage loans to customers with weak credit
profiles. The Company’s exposure exists through investment
in asset-backed securities which are supported by sub-prime
mortgage loans. The slowing U.S. housing market, greater
use of affordable mortgage products, and relaxed underwriting
standards for some originators of below-prime loans have
recently led to higher delinquency and loss rates, especially
within the 2006 vintage year. Vintage year refers to the year of
origination and not to the year of purchase. These factors have
caused a pull-back in market liquidity and repricing of risk,
which has led to an increase in unrealized losses from
March 31, 2007 to March 31, 2008. Based upon the
analysis of the Company’s exposure to sub-prime mortgage
loans through its investment in asset-backed securities, the
Company expects to receive payments in accordance with the
contractual terms of the securities.
The following table shows the Company’s exposure to
asset-backed securities supported by sub-prime mortgage loans by
credit quality and by vintage year:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2008
|
|
|
|
Aaa
|
|
|
Aa
|
|
|
A
|
|
|
Baa
|
|
|
Below Investment Grade
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
Cost or
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost or
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost or
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost or
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost or
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost or
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
Fair
|
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
Fair
|
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
Fair
|
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
Fair
|
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
Fair
|
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
Fair
|
|
|
|
Cost
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Cost
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Cost
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Cost
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Cost
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Cost
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
2003 & Prior
|
|
$
|
218
|
|
|
$
|
192
|
|
|
$
|
122
|
|
|
$
|
111
|
|
|
$
|
24
|
|
|
$
|
19
|
|
|
$
|
14
|
|
|
$
|
12
|
|
|
$
|
2
|
|
|
$
|
2
|
|
|
$
|
380
|
|
|
$
|
336
|
|
2004
|
|
|
157
|
|
|
|
128
|
|
|
|
434
|
|
|
|
324
|
|
|
|
25
|
|
|
|
21
|
|
|
|
40
|
|
|
|
33
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
657
|
|
|
|
506
|
|
2005
|
|
|
547
|
|
|
|
467
|
|
|
|
269
|
|
|
|
216
|
|
|
|
22
|
|
|
|
16
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
840
|
|
|
|
700
|
|
2006
|
|
|
231
|
|
|
|
200
|
|
|
|
68
|
|
|
|
42
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
16
|
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
|
318
|
|
|
|
252
|
|
2007
|
|
|
143
|
|
|
|
115
|
|
|
|
17
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
171
|
|
|
|
131
|
|
2008
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
1,296
|
|
|
$
|
1,102
|
|
|
$
|
910
|
|
|
$
|
701
|
|
|
$
|
82
|
|
|
$
|
64
|
|
|
$
|
59
|
|
|
$
|
49
|
|
|
$
|
19
|
|
|
$
|
9
|
|
|
$
|
2,366
|
|
|
$
|
1,925
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
Aaa
|
|
|
Aa
|
|
|
A
|
|
|
Baa
|
|
|
Below Investment Grade
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
Cost or
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost or
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost or
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost or
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost or
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost or
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
Fair
|
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
Fair
|
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
Fair
|
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
Fair
|
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
Fair
|
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
Fair
|
|
|
|
Cost
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Cost
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Cost
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Cost
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Cost
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Cost
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
2003 & Prior
|
|
$
|
234
|
|
|
$
|
223
|
|
|
$
|
132
|
|
|
$
|
125
|
|
|
$
|
19
|
|
|
$
|
17
|
|
|
$
|
14
|
|
|
$
|
13
|
|
|
$
|
4
|
|
|
$
|
2
|
|
|
$
|
403
|
|
|
$
|
380
|
|
2004
|
|
|
212
|
|
|
|
195
|
|
|
|
446
|
|
|
|
414
|
|
|
|
27
|
|
|
|
24
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
686
|
|
|
|
633
|
|
2005
|
|
|
551
|
|
|
|
502
|
|
|
|
278
|
|
|
|
252
|
|
|
|
22
|
|
|
|
18
|
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
856
|
|
|
|
776
|
|
2006
|
|
|
258
|
|
|
|
235
|
|
|
|
69
|
|
|
|
47
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
327
|
|
|
|
282
|
|
2007
|
|
|
152
|
|
|
|
142
|
|
|
|
17
|
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
169
|
|
|
|
151
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
1,407
|
|
|
$
|
1,297
|
|
|
$
|
942
|
|
|
$
|
847
|
|
|
$
|
68
|
|
|
$
|
59
|
|
|
$
|
19
|
|
|
$
|
17
|
|
|
$
|
5
|
|
|
$
|
2
|
|
|
$
|
2,441
|
|
|
$
|
2,222
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company
had $1.9 billion and $2.2 billion, respectively, of
asset-backed securities supported by sub-prime mortgage loans as
outlined in the tables above. At March 31, 2008,
approximately 94% of the portfolio is rated Aaa, Aa or better of
which 80% was in vintage year 2005 and prior. At
December 31, 2007, approximately 96% of the portfolio was
rated Aaa, Aa or better of which 80% was in vintage year 2005
and prior. These older vintages benefit from better
underwriting, improved enhancement levels and higher residential
property price appreciation. At March 31, 2008, all of the
$1.9 billion of asset-backed securities supported by
sub-prime mortgage loans were classified as Level 3
securities.
108
Asset-backed securities also include collateralized debt
obligations backed by sub-prime mortgage loans at an aggregate
cost of $42 million with a fair value of $32 million
at March 31, 2008 and an aggregate cost of $64 million
with a fair value of $48 million at December 31, 2007,
which are not included in the tables above.
Assets
on Deposit and Held in Trust and Assets Pledged as
Collateral
The Company had investment assets on deposit with regulatory
agencies with a fair market value of $1.8 billion at both
March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, consisting
primarily of fixed maturity and equity securities. Company
securities held in trust to satisfy collateral requirements had
a cost or amortized cost of $8.6 billion and
$7.1 billion at March 31, 2008 and December 31,
2007, respectively, consisting primarily of fixed maturity and
equity securities.
Certain of the Company’s fixed maturity securities are
pledged as collateral for various transactions as described in
“— Composition of Investment Portfolio
Results — Derivative Financial Instruments —
Credit Risk.”
Trading
Securities
The Company has a trading securities portfolio to support
investment strategies that involve the active and frequent
purchase and sale of securities, the execution of short sale
agreements and asset and liability matching strategies for
certain insurance products. Trading securities and short sale
agreement liabilities are recorded at fair value with subsequent
changes in fair value recognized in net investment income
related to fixed maturity securities.
At March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, trading
securities were $808 million and $779 million,
respectively, and liabilities associated with the short sale
agreements in the trading securities portfolio, which were
included in other liabilities, were $29 million and
$107 million, respectively. The Company had pledged
$282 million and $407 million of its assets, primarily
consisting of trading securities, as collateral to secure the
liabilities associated with the short sale agreements in the
trading securities portfolio at March 31, 2008 and
December 31, 2007, respectively.
The fair value of trading securities measured at fair value on a
recurring basis and their corresponding fair value hierarchy,
are summarized as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2008
|
|
|
|
Trading
|
|
|
Trading
|
|
|
|
Securities
|
|
|
Liabilities
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and
liabilities (Level 1)
|
|
$
|
233
|
|
|
|
29
|
%
|
|
$
|
29
|
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2)
|
|
|
396
|
|
|
|
49
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
|
|
|
179
|
|
|
|
22
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total fair value
|
|
$
|
808
|
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
$
|
29
|
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
109
A rollforward of the fair value measurements for trading
securities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using
significant unobservable (Level 3) inputs for the
three months ended March 31, 2008 is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2008
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Balance, December 31, 2007
|
|
$
|
183
|
|
Impact of SFAS 157 and SFAS 159 adoption
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance, January 1, 2008
|
|
|
191
|
|
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in:
|
|
|
|
|
Earnings
|
|
|
(5
|
)
|
Other comprehensive income (loss)
|
|
|
—
|
|
Purchases, sales, issuances and settlements
|
|
|
2
|
|
Transfer in and/or out of Level 3
|
|
|
(9
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance, March 31, 2008
|
|
$
|
179
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
During the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007,
interest and dividends earned on trading securities in addition
to the net realized and unrealized gains (losses) recognized on
the trading securities and the related short sale agreement
liabilities included within net investment income totaled
($51) million and $15 million, respectively. Included
within unrealized gains (losses) on such trading securities and
short sale agreement liabilities are changes in fair value of
($42) million and $8 million for the three months
ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
See “— Summary of Critical Accounting
Estimates — Investments” for further information
on the estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts
reported above.
Mortgage
and Consumer Loans
The Company’s mortgage and consumer loans are principally
collateralized by commercial, agricultural and residential
properties, as well as automobiles. Mortgage and consumer loans
comprised 13.6% of the Company’s total cash and invested
assets at both March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007.
The carrying value of mortgage and consumer loans is stated at
original cost net of repayments, amortization of premiums,
accretion of discounts and valuation allowances. The following
table shows the carrying value of the Company’s mortgage
and consumer loans by type at:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2008
|
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
Carrying
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
Carrying
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commercial mortgage loans
|
|
$
|
36,032
|
|
|
|
75.4
|
%
|
|
$
|
35,501
|
|
|
|
75.5
|
%
|
Agricultural mortgage loans
|
|
|
10,641
|
|
|
|
22.3
|
|
|
|
10,484
|
|
|
|
22.3
|
|
Consumer loans
|
|
|
1,104
|
|
|
|
2.3
|
|
|
|
1,045
|
|
|
|
2.2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
47,777
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
$
|
47,030
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007,
$443 million and $5 million, or 1% and less than 1%,
respectively, of the Company’s mortgage and consumer loans
were
held-for-sale.
Mortgage and consumer loans
held-for-sale
are carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value. At
March 31, 2008, the Company held $474 million in
impaired mortgage loans, of which $435 million relate to
mortgage loans
held-for-sale,
that were recorded based on the fair value of the underlying
collateral or broker quotes, if lower. These impaired mortgage
loans were recorded at fair value and represent a nonrecurring
fair value measurement. The fair value is categorized as
Level 3. Included within net investment gains (losses) for
such impaired mortgage loans are net impairments of
$29 million for the three months ended
March 31, 2008.
110
Commercial Mortgage Loans. The Company
diversifies its commercial mortgage loans by both geographic
region and property type. The following table presents the
distribution across geographic regions and property types for
commercial mortgage loans at:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2008
|
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
Carrying
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
Carrying
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Region
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pacific
|
|
$
|
8,645
|
|
|
|
24.0
|
%
|
|
$
|
8,620
|
|
|
|
24.3
|
%
|
South Atlantic
|
|
|
8,199
|
|
|
|
22.8
|
|
|
|
8,021
|
|
|
|
22.6
|
|
Middle Atlantic
|
|
|
5,127
|
|
|
|
14.2
|
|
|
|
5,110
|
|
|
|
14.4
|
|
International
|
|
|
3,759
|
|
|
|
10.4
|
|
|
|
3,642
|
|
|
|
10.3
|
|
East North Central
|
|
|
2,918
|
|
|
|
8.1
|
|
|
|
2,957
|
|
|
|
8.3
|
|
West South Central
|
|
|
2,977
|
|
|
|
8.3
|
|
|
|
2,925
|
|
|
|
8.2
|
|
New England
|
|
|
1,582
|
|
|
|
4.4
|
|
|
|
1,499
|
|
|
|
4.2
|
|
Mountain
|
|
|
1,212
|
|
|
|
3.3
|
|
|
|
1,086
|
|
|
|
3.1
|
|
West North Central
|
|
|
853
|
|
|
|
2.4
|
|
|
|
1,046
|
|
|
|
2.9
|
|
East South Central
|
|
|
502
|
|
|
|
1.4
|
|
|
|
503
|
|
|
|
1.4
|
|
Other
|
|
|
258
|
|
|
|
0.7
|
|
|
|
92
|
|
|
|
0.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
36,032
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
$
|
35,501
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Property Type
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Office
|
|
$
|
15,650
|
|
|
|
43.4
|
%
|
|
$
|
15,471
|
|
|
|
43.6
|
%
|
Retail
|
|
|
8,021
|
|
|
|
22.3
|
|
|
|
7,557
|
|
|
|
21.3
|
|
Apartments
|
|
|
4,255
|
|
|
|
11.8
|
|
|
|
4,437
|
|
|
|
12.5
|
|
Hotel
|
|
|
3,263
|
|
|
|
9.1
|
|
|
|
3,282
|
|
|
|
9.2
|
|
Industrial
|
|
|
3,033
|
|
|
|
8.4
|
|
|
|
2,880
|
|
|
|
8.1
|
|
Other
|
|
|
1,810
|
|
|
|
5.0
|
|
|
|
1,874
|
|
|
|
5.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
36,032
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
$
|
35,501
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Restructured, Potentially Delinquent, Delinquent or Under
Foreclosure. The Company monitors its mortgage
loan investments on an ongoing basis, including reviewing loans
that are restructured, potentially delinquent, delinquent or
under foreclosure. These loan classifications are consistent
with those used in industry practice.
The Company defines restructured mortgage loans as loans in
which the Company, for economic or legal reasons related to the
debtor’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the
debtor that it would not otherwise consider. The Company defines
potentially delinquent loans as loans that, in management’s
opinion, have a high probability of becoming delinquent. The
Company defines delinquent mortgage loans, consistent with
industry practice, as loans in which two or more interest or
principal payments are past due. The Company defines mortgage
loans under foreclosure as loans in which foreclosure
proceedings have formally commenced.
The Company reviews all mortgage loans on an ongoing basis.
These reviews may include an analysis of the property financial
statements and rent roll, lease rollover analysis, property
inspections, market analysis and tenant creditworthiness.
The Company records valuation allowances for certain of the
loans that it deems impaired. The Company’s valuation
allowances are established both on a loan specific basis for
those loans where a property or market specific risk has been
identified that could likely result in a future default, as well
as for pools of loans with similar high risk characteristics
where a property specific or market risk has not been
identified. Loan specific valuation allowances are established
for the excess carrying value of the mortgage loan over the
present value of expected future cash
111
flows discounted at the loan’s original effective interest
rate, the value of the loan’s collateral, or the
loan’s market value if the loan is being sold. Valuation
allowances for pools of loans are established based on property
types and loan to value risk factors. The Company records
valuation allowances as investment losses. The Company records
subsequent adjustments to allowances as investment gains
(losses).
The following table presents the amortized cost and valuation
allowance for commercial mortgage loans distributed by loan
classification at:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2008
|
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
Valuation
|
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
Valuation
|
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
|
Cost (1)
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Allowance
|
|
|
Cost
|
|
|
Cost (1)
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Allowance
|
|
|
Cost
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Performing
|
|
$
|
36,234
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
$
|
207
|
|
|
|
0.6
|
%
|
|
$
|
35,665
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
$
|
168
|
|
|
|
0.5
|
%
|
Restructured
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
%
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
%
|
Potentially delinquent
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
%
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
%
|
Delinquent or under foreclosure
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
%
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
36,239
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
$
|
207
|
|
|
|
0.6
|
%
|
|
$
|
35,669
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
$
|
168
|
|
|
|
0.5
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Amortized cost is equal to carrying value before valuation
allowances. |
The following table presents the changes in valuation allowances
for commercial mortgage loans for the:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2008
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Balance, beginning of period
|
|
$
|
168
|
|
Additions
|
|
|
67
|
|
Deductions
|
|
|
(28
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance, end of period
|
|
$
|
207
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Agricultural Mortgage Loans. The Company
diversifies its agricultural mortgage loans by both geographic
region and product type.
Of the $10.6 billion of agricultural mortgage loans
outstanding at March 31, 2008, 56.9%, were subject to rate
resets prior to maturity. A substantial portion of these loans
has been successfully renegotiated and remain outstanding to
maturity. The process and policies for monitoring the
agricultural mortgage loans and classifying them by performance
status are generally the same as those for the commercial loans.
The following table presents the amortized cost and valuation
allowances for agricultural mortgage loans distributed by loan
classification at:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2008
|
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
Valuation
|
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
Valuation
|
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
|
Cost (1)
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Allowance
|
|
|
Cost
|
|
|
Cost (1)
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Allowance
|
|
|
Cost
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Performing
|
|
$
|
10,598
|
|
|
|
99.4
|
%
|
|
$
|
13
|
|
|
|
0.1
|
%
|
|
$
|
10,440
|
|
|
|
99.4
|
%
|
|
$
|
12
|
|
|
|
0.1
|
%
|
Restructured
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
%
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
%
|
Potentially delinquent
|
|
|
51
|
|
|
|
0.5
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
7.8
|
%
|
|
|
47
|
|
|
|
0.4
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
8.5
|
%
|
Delinquent or under foreclosure
|
|
|
14
|
|
|
|
0.1
|
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
|
50.0
|
%
|
|
|
19
|
|
|
|
0.2
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
42.1
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
10,665
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
$
|
24
|
|
|
|
0.2
|
%
|
|
$
|
10,508
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
$
|
24
|
|
|
|
0.2
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Amortized cost is equal to carrying value before valuation
allowances. |
112
The following table presents the changes in valuation allowances
for agricultural mortgage loans for the:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2008
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Balance, beginning of period
|
|
$
|
24
|
|
Additions
|
|
|
5
|
|
Deductions
|
|
|
(5
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance, end of period
|
|
$
|
24
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Consumer Loans. Consumer loans consist of
residential mortgages and auto loans.
The following table presents the amortized cost and valuation
allowances for consumer loans distributed by loan classification
at:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2008
|
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
Valuation
|
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
Valuation
|
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
|
Cost (1)
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Allowance
|
|
|
Cost
|
|
|
Cost (1)
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Allowance
|
|
|
Cost
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Performing
|
|
$
|
1,065
|
|
|
|
96.0
|
%
|
|
$
|
5
|
|
|
|
0.5
|
%
|
|
$
|
1,006
|
|
|
|
95.7
|
%
|
|
$
|
5
|
|
|
|
0.5
|
%
|
Restructured
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
%
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
%
|
Potentially delinquent
|
|
|
16
|
|
|
|
1.4
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
%
|
|
|
19
|
|
|
|
1.8
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
%
|
Delinquent or under foreclosure
|
|
|
29
|
|
|
|
2.6
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
3.4
|
%
|
|
|
26
|
|
|
|
2.5
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
4.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
1,110
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
$
|
6
|
|
|
|
0.5
|
%
|
|
$
|
1,051
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
$
|
6
|
|
|
|
0.6
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Amortized cost is equal to carrying value before valuation
allowances. |
Real
Estate Holdings
The Company’s real estate holdings consist of commercial
properties located primarily in the United States. At
March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the carrying
value of the Company’s real estate, real estate joint
ventures and real estate held-for-sale was $7.0 billion and
$6.8 billion, respectively, or 2.0% for both, of total cash
and invested assets. The carrying value of real estate is stated
at depreciated cost net of impairments and valuation allowances.
The carrying value of real estate joint ventures is stated at
the Company’s equity in the real estate joint ventures net
of impairments and valuation allowances.
The following table presents the carrying value of the
Company’s real estate holdings at:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2008
|
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
Carrying
|
|
|
% of
|
|
|
Carrying
|
|
|
% of
|
|
Type
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Real estate
|
|
$
|
4,002
|
|
|
|
57.5
|
%
|
|
$
|
3,994
|
|
|
|
59.0
|
%
|
Real estate joint ventures
|
|
|
2,957
|
|
|
|
42.5
|
|
|
|
2,771
|
|
|
|
41.0
|
|
Foreclosed real estate
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,962
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
|
|
|
6,768
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
|
Real estate held-for-sale
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total real estate holdings
|
|
$
|
6,963
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
$
|
6,769
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Company’s carrying value of real estate held-for-sale
of $1 million at both March 31, 2008 and
December 31, 2007, have been reduced by impairments of
$1 million at both March 31, 2008 and
December 31, 2007.
The Company records real estate acquired upon foreclosure of
commercial and agricultural mortgage loans at the lower of
estimated fair value or the carrying value of the mortgage loan
at the date of foreclosure.
113
Certain of the Company’s investments in real estate joint
ventures meet the definition of a VIE under FIN 46(r). See
“— Variable Interest Entities.”
Other
Limited Partnership Interests
The carrying value of other limited partnership interests (which
primarily represent ownership interests in pooled investment
funds that principally make private equity investments in
companies in the United States and overseas) was
$6.3 billion and $6.2 billion at March 31, 2008
and December 31, 2007, respectively. Included within other
limited partnership interests at March 31, 2008 and
December 31, 2007 are $1.6 billion of hedge funds. The
Company uses the equity method of accounting for investments in
limited partnership interests in which it has more than a minor
interest, has influence over the partnership’s operating
and financial policies, but does not have a controlling interest
and is not the primary beneficiary. The Company uses the cost
method for minor interest investments and when it has virtually
no influence over the partnership’s operating and financial
policies. The Company’s investments in other limited
partnership interests represented 1.8% of cash and invested
assets at both March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007.
Management anticipates that investment income and the related
yields on other limited partnership interests may decline during
2008 due to increased volatility in the equity and credit
markets.
Some of the Company’s investments in other limited
partnership interests meet the definition of a VIE under
FIN 46(r). See “— Composition of Investment
Portfolio Results — Variable Interest Entities.”
Other
Invested Assets
The Company’s other invested assets consisted principally
of leveraged leases of $2.2 billion at both March 31,
2008 and December 31, 2007, funds withheld at interest of
$4.4 billion and $4.5 billion at March 31, 2008
and December 31, 2007, respectively, and standalone
derivatives with positive fair values of $5.7 billion and
$4.0 billion at March 31, 2008 and December 31,
2007, respectively. The leveraged leases are recorded net of
non-recourse debt. The Company participates in lease
transactions, which are diversified by industry, asset type and
geographic area. The Company regularly reviews residual values
and writes down residuals to expected values as needed. Funds
withheld represent amounts contractually withheld by ceding
companies in accordance with reinsurance agreements. For
agreements written on a modified coinsurance basis and certain
agreements written on a coinsurance basis, assets supporting the
reinsured policies equal to the net statutory reserves are
withheld and continue to be legally owned by the ceding company.
Interest accrues to these funds withheld at rates defined by the
treaty terms and may be contractually specified or directly
related to the investment portfolio. The Company’s other
invested assets represented 4.1% and 3.7% of cash and invested
assets at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007,
respectively.
Derivative
Financial Instruments
Derivatives. The Company uses a variety of
derivatives, including swaps, forwards, futures and option
contracts, to manage its various risks. Additionally, the
Company uses derivatives to synthetically create investments as
permitted by its insurance subsidiaries’ Derivatives Use
Plans approved by the applicable state insurance departments.
114
The following table presents the notional amount and current
market or fair value of derivative financial instruments,
excluding embedded derivatives, held at:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2008
|
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current Market
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current Market
|
|
|
|
Notional
|
|
|
or Fair Value
|
|
|
Notional
|
|
|
or Fair Value
|
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Assets
|
|
|
Liabilities
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Assets
|
|
|
Liabilities
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Interest rate swaps
|
|
$
|
39,144
|
|
|
$
|
1,355
|
|
|
$
|
1,488
|
|
|
$
|
62,519
|
|
|
$
|
785
|
|
|
$
|
768
|
|
Interest rate floors
|
|
|
48,517
|
|
|
|
866
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
48,937
|
|
|
|
621
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Interest rate caps
|
|
|
26,826
|
|
|
|
18
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
45,498
|
|
|
|
50
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Financial futures
|
|
|
8,070
|
|
|
|
14
|
|
|
|
20
|
|
|
|
10,817
|
|
|
|
89
|
|
|
|
57
|
|
Foreign currency swaps
|
|
|
21,414
|
|
|
|
2,034
|
|
|
|
2,023
|
|
|
|
21,399
|
|
|
|
1,480
|
|
|
|
1,724
|
|
Foreign currency forwards
|
|
|
5,456
|
|
|
|
91
|
|
|
|
80
|
|
|
|
4,185
|
|
|
|
76
|
|
|
|
16
|
|
Options
|
|
|
2,610
|
|
|
|
1,094
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
2,043
|
|
|
|
713
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
Financial forwards
|
|
|
12,300
|
|
|
|
141
|
|
|
|
12
|
|
|
|
4,600
|
|
|
|
122
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
Credit default swaps
|
|
|
3,169
|
|
|
|
62
|
|
|
|
31
|
|
|
|
6,850
|
|
|
|
58
|
|
|
|
35
|
|
Synthetic GICs
|
|
|
3,888
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
3,670
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Other
|
|
|
353
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
250
|
|
|
|
43
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
171,747
|
|
|
$
|
5,678
|
|
|
$
|
3,656
|
|
|
$
|
210,768
|
|
|
$
|
4,037
|
|
|
$
|
2,603
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The above table does not include notional amounts for equity
futures, equity variance swaps, and equity options. At
March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company
owned 8,621 and 4,658 equity future contracts, respectively.
Fair values of equity futures are included in financial futures
in the preceding table. At March 31, 2008 and
December 31, 2007, the Company owned 754,562 and 695,485
equity variance swaps, respectively. Fair values of equity
variance swaps are included in financial forwards in the
preceding table. At March 31, 2008 and December 31,
2007, the Company owned 79,725,122 and 77,374,937 equity
options, respectively. Fair values of equity options are
included in options in the preceding table.
The fair value of derivatives measured at fair value on a
recurring basis and their corresponding fair value hierarchy,
are summarized as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2008
|
|
|
|
Derivative
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Assets
|
|
|
Derivative Liabilities
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and
liabilities (Level 1)
|
|
$
|
14
|
|
|
|
—
|
%
|
|
$
|
20
|
|
|
|
1
|
%
|
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2)
|
|
|
4,434
|
|
|
|
78
|
|
|
|
3,621
|
|
|
|
99
|
|
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
|
|
|
1,230
|
|
|
|
22
|
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total fair value
|
|
$
|
5,678
|
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
$
|
3,656
|
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
115
A rollforward of the fair value measurements for derivatives
measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant
unobservable (Level 3) inputs for the three months
ended March 31, 2008 is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2008
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Balance, December 31, 2007
|
|
$
|
789
|
|
Impact of SFAS 157 and SFAS 159 adoption
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance, January 1, 2008
|
|
|
788
|
|
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in:
|
|
|
|
|
Earnings
|
|
|
402
|
|
Other comprehensive income (loss)
|
|
|
—
|
|
Purchases, sales, issuances and settlements
|
|
|
25
|
|
Transfer in and/or out of Level 3
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance, March 31, 2008
|
|
$
|
1,215
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See “— Summary of Critical Accounting
Estimates — Derivative Financial Instruments” for
further information on the estimates and assumptions that affect
the amounts reported above.
Credit Risk. The Company may be exposed to
credit-related losses in the event of nonperformance by
counterparties to derivative financial instruments. Generally,
the current credit exposure of the Company’s derivative
contracts is limited to the fair value at the reporting date.
The credit exposure of the Company’s derivative
transactions is represented by the fair value of contracts with
a net positive fair value at the reporting date.
The Company manages its credit risk related to over-the-counter
derivatives by entering into transactions with creditworthy
counterparties, maintaining collateral arrangements and through
the use of master agreements that provide for a single net
payment to be made by one counterparty to another at each due
date and upon termination. Because exchange traded futures are
effected through regulated exchanges, and positions are marked
to market on a daily basis, the Company has minimal exposure to
credit-related losses in the event of nonperformance by
counterparties to such derivative instruments.
The Company enters into various collateral arrangements, which
require both the pledging and accepting of collateral in
connection with its derivative instruments. As of March 31,
2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company was obligated to
return cash collateral under its control of $1,511 million
and $833 million, respectively. This unrestricted cash
collateral is included in cash and cash equivalents and the
obligation to return it is included in payables for collateral
under securities loaned and other transactions in the
consolidated balance sheets. As of March 31, 2008 and
December 31, 2007, the Company had also accepted collateral
consisting of various securities with a fair market value of
$860 million and $678 million, respectively, which are
held in separate custodial accounts. The Company is permitted by
contract to sell or repledge this collateral, but as of
March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, none of the
collateral had been sold or repledged.
As of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the
Company provided collateral of $346 million and
$162 million, respectively, which is included in fixed
maturity securities in the consolidated balance sheets. In
addition, the Company has exchange traded futures, which require
the pledging of collateral. As of March 31, 2008 and
December 31, 2007, the Company pledged collateral of
$206 million and $167 million, respectively, which is
included in fixed maturity securities. The counterparties are
permitted by contract to sell or repledge this collateral. As of
March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company
provided cash collateral of $82 million and
$102 million, respectively, which is included in premiums
and other receivables in the consolidated balance sheet.
116
Embedded Derivatives. The fair value of
embedded derivatives measured at fair value on a recurring basis
and their corresponding fair value hierarchy, are summarized as
follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2008
|
|
|
|
Net Embedded Derivatives Within
|
|
|
|
Asset Host Contracts
|
|
|
Liability Host Contracts
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and
liabilities (Level 1)
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
%
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
%
|
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2)
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
25
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
|
|
|
(144
|
)
|
|
|
100
|
|
|
|
1,361
|
|
|
|
98
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total fair value
|
|
$
|
(144
|
)
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
$
|
1,386
|
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A rollforward of the fair value measurements for embedded
derivatives measured at fair value on a recurring basis using
significant unobservable (Level 3) inputs for the
three months ended March 31, 2008 is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2008
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Balance, December 31, 2007
|
|
$
|
843
|
|
Impact of SFAS 157 and SFAS 159 adoption
|
|
|
(41
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance, January 1, 2008
|
|
|
802
|
|
Total realized/unrealized gains (losses) included in:
|
|
|
|
|
Earnings
|
|
|
661
|
|
Other comprehensive income (loss)
|
|
|
—
|
|
Purchases, sales, issuances and settlements
|
|
|
42
|
|
Transfer in and/or out of Level 3
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance, March 31, 2008
|
|
$
|
1,505
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See “— Summary of Critical Accounting
Estimates — Embedded Derivatives” for further
information on the estimates and assumptions that affect the
amounts reported above.
Variable
Interest Entities
The following table presents the total assets of and maximum
exposure to loss relating to VIEs for which the Company has
concluded that: (i) it is the primary beneficiary and which
are consolidated in the Company’s consolidated financial
statements at March 31, 2008; and (ii) it holds
significant variable interests but it is not the primary
beneficiary and which have not been consolidated:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2008
|
|
|
|
Primary Beneficiary
|
|
|
Not Primary Beneficiary
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Maximum
|
|
|
|
|
|
Maximum
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Exposure
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Exposure
|
|
|
|
Assets (1)
|
|
|
to Loss (2)
|
|
|
Assets (1)
|
|
|
to Loss (2)
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Asset-backed securitizations and collateralized debt obligations
|
|
$
|
1,253
|
|
|
$
|
1,253
|
|
|
$
|
1,447
|
|
|
$
|
162
|
|
Real estate joint ventures (3)
|
|
|
45
|
|
|
|
22
|
|
|
|
285
|
|
|
|
33
|
|
Other limited partnership interests (4)
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
36,263
|
|
|
|
3,315
|
|
Trust preferred securities (5)
|
|
|
106
|
|
|
|
106
|
|
|
|
47,432
|
|
|
|
3,266
|
|
Other investments (6)
|
|
|
1,100
|
|
|
|
1,100
|
|
|
|
3,369
|
|
|
|
306
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
2,506
|
|
|
$
|
2,482
|
|
|
$
|
88,796
|
|
|
$
|
7,082
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
117
|
|
|
(1) |
|
The assets of the asset-backed securitizations and
collateralized debt obligations are reflected at fair value. The
assets of the real estate joint ventures, other limited
partnership interests, trust preferred securities and other
investments are reflected at the carrying amounts at which such
assets would have been reflected on the Company’s
consolidated balance sheet had the Company consolidated the VIE
from the date of its initial investment in the entity. |
|
(2) |
|
The maximum exposure to loss relating to the asset-backed
securitizations and collateralized debt obligations is equal to
the carrying amounts of retained interests. In addition, the
Company provides collateral management services for certain of
these structures for which it collects a management fee. The
maximum exposure to loss relating to real estate joint ventures,
other limited partnership interests, trust preferred securities
and other investments is equal to the carrying amounts plus any
unfunded commitments, reduced by amounts guaranteed by other
partners. Such a maximum loss would be expected to occur only
upon bankruptcy of the issuer or investee. |
|
(3) |
|
Real estate joint ventures include partnerships and other
ventures which engage in the acquisition, development,
management and disposal of real estate investments. |
|
(4) |
|
Other limited partnership interests include partnerships
established for the purpose of investing in public and private
debt and equity securities. |
|
(5) |
|
Trust preferred securities are complex, uniquely structured
investments which contain features of both equity and debt, may
have an extended or no stated maturity, and may be callable at
the issuer’s option after a defined period of time. |
|
(6) |
|
Other investments include securities that are not trust
preferred securities, asset-backed securitizations or
collateralized debt obligations. |
Securities
Lending
The Company participates in a securities lending program whereby
blocks of securities, which are included in fixed maturity and
equity securities, are loaned to third parties, primarily major
brokerage firms. The Company requires a minimum of 102% of the
fair value of the loaned securities to be separately maintained
as collateral for the loans. Securities with a cost or amortized
cost of $43.1 billion and $41.1 billion and an
estimated fair value of $44.2 billion and
$42.1 billion were on loan under the program at
March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively.
Securities loaned under such transactions may be sold or
repledged by the transferee. The Company was liable for cash
collateral under its control of $45.1 billion and
$43.3 billion at March 31, 2008 and December 31,
2007, respectively. Security collateral of $19 million and
$40 million, on deposit from customers in connection with
the securities lending transactions at March 31, 2008 and
December 31, 2007, respectively, may not be sold or
repledged and is not reflected in the unaudited interim
condensed consolidated financial statements.
Separate
Accounts
The Company had $152.6 billion and $160.2 billion held
in its separate accounts, for which the Company does not bear
investment risk, as of March 31, 2008 and December 31,
2007, respectively. The Company manages each separate
account’s assets in accordance with the prescribed
investment policy that applies to that specific separate
account. The Company establishes separate accounts on a single
client and multi-client commingled basis in compliance with
insurance laws. Effective with the adoption of Statement of
Position (“SOP”)
03-1,
Accounting and Reporting by Insurance Enterprises for Certain
Nontraditional Long-Duration Contracts and for Separate
Accounts, on January 1, 2004, the Company reported
separately, as assets and liabilities, investments held in
separate accounts and liabilities of the separate accounts if:
|
|
|
|
•
|
such separate accounts are legally recognized;
|
|
|
•
|
assets supporting the contract liabilities are legally insulated
from the Company’s general account liabilities;
|
|
|
•
|
investments are directed by the contractholder; and
|
|
|
•
|
all investment performance, net of contract fees and
assessments, is passed through to the contractholder.
|
118
The Company reports separate account assets meeting such
criteria at their fair value. Investment performance (including
investment income, net investment gains (losses) and changes in
unrealized gains (losses)) and the corresponding amounts
credited to contractholders of such separate accounts are offset
within the same line in the consolidated statements of income.
The Company’s revenues reflect fees charged to the separate
accounts, including mortality charges, risk charges, policy
administration fees, investment management fees and surrender
charges. Separate accounts not meeting the above criteria are
combined on a
line-by-line
basis with the Company’s general account assets,
liabilities, revenues and expenses.
The fair value of separate accounts measured at fair value on a
recurring basis and their corresponding fair value hierarchy,
are summarized as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2008
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets
(Level 1)
|
|
$
|
117,653
|
|
|
|
77
|
%
|
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2)
|
|
|
33,336
|
|
|
|
22
|
|
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
|
|
|
1,581
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total fair value
|
|
$
|
152,570
|
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Item 3.
|
Quantitative
and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
|
The Company regularly analyzes its exposure to interest rate,
equity market and foreign currency exchange risks. As a result
of that analysis, the Company has determined that the fair value
of its interest rate sensitive invested assets is materially
exposed to changes in interest rates, and that the amount of
that risk has decreased from that reported at December 31,
2007 in the 2007 Annual Report. The equity and foreign currency
portfolios do not expose the Company to material market risks,
nor has the Company’s exposure to those risks materially
changed from that reported on December 31, 2007 in the 2007
Annual Report.
The Company analyzes interest rate risk using various models
including multi-scenario cash flow projection models that
forecast cash flows of certain liabilities and their supporting
investments, including derivative instruments. As disclosed in
the 2007 Annual Report, the Company uses a variety of strategies
to manage interest rate, equity market, and foreign currency
exchange risk, including the use of derivative instruments.
The Company’s management processes for measuring, managing
and monitoring market risk remain as described in the 2007
Annual Report. Some of those processes utilize interim manual
reporting and estimation techniques when the Company integrates
newly acquired operations.
Risk
Measurement: Sensitivity Analysis
The Company measures market risk related to its holdings of
invested assets and other financial instruments, including
certain market risk sensitive insurance contracts, based on
changes in interest rates, equity market prices and currency
exchange rates, utilizing a sensitivity analysis. This analysis
estimates the potential changes in fair value based on a
hypothetical 10% change (increase or decrease) in interest
rates, equity market prices and currency exchange rates. The
Company believes that a 10% change (increase or decrease) in
these market rates and prices is reasonably possible in the
near-term. In performing this analysis, the Company used market
rates at March 31, 2008 to re-price its invested assets and
other financial instruments. The sensitivity analysis separately
calculated each of MetLife’s market risk exposures
(interest rate, equity market price and foreign currency
exchange rate) related to its trading and non-trading invested
assets and other financial instruments. The sensitivity analysis
performed included the market risk sensitive holdings described
above. The Company modeled the impact of changes in market rates
and prices on the fair values of its invested assets as follows:
|
|
|
|
•
|
the net present values of its interest rate sensitive exposures
resulting from a 10% change (increase or decrease) in interest
rates;
|
|
|
•
|
the market value of its equity positions due to a 10% change
(increase or decrease) in equity prices; and
|
119
|
|
|
|
•
|
the U.S. dollar equivalent balances of the Company’s
currency exposures due to a 10% change (increase or decrease) in
currency exchange rates.
|
The sensitivity analysis is an estimate and should not be viewed
as predictive of the Company’s future financial
performance. The Company cannot assure that its actual losses in
any particular year will not exceed the amounts indicated in the
table below. Limitations related to this sensitivity analysis
include:
|
|
|
|
•
|
the market risk information is limited by the assumptions and
parameters established in creating the related sensitivity
analysis;
|
|
|
•
|
for derivatives that qualify as hedges, the impact on reported
earnings may be materially different from the change in market
values;
|
|
|
•
|
the analysis excludes other significant real estate holdings and
liabilities pursuant to insurance contracts; and
|
|
|
•
|
the model assumes that the composition of assets and liabilities
remains unchanged throughout the year.
|
Accordingly, the Company uses such models as tools and not
substitutes for the experience and judgment of its investments,
asset/liability management and corporate risk personnel. Based
on its analysis of the impact of a 10% change (increase or
decrease) in market rates and prices, MetLife has determined
that such a change could have a material adverse effect on the
fair value of its interest rate sensitive invested assets. Based
upon its analysis of the impact of a 10% change (increase or
decrease) in equity markets or in currency exchange rates, the
equity and foreign currency portfolios do not expose the Company
to material market risk.
The table below illustrates the potential loss in fair value of
the Company’s interest rate sensitive financial instruments
at March 31, 2008. In addition, the potential loss with
respect to the fair value of currency exchange rates and the
Company’s equity price sensitive positions at
March 31, 2008 is set forth in the table below.
The potential loss in fair value for each market risk exposure
of the Company’s portfolio at March 31, 2008 was:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2008
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Non-trading:
|
|
|
|
|
Interest rate risk
|
|
$
|
3,670
|
|
Equity price risk
|
|
$
|
140
|
|
Foreign currency exchange rate risk
|
|
$
|
765
|
|
Trading:
|
|
|
|
|
Interest rate risk
|
|
$
|
10
|
|
120
The table below provides additional detail regarding the
potential loss in fair value of the Company’s
non-trading
interest sensitive financial instruments at March 31, 2008
by type of asset or liability.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, 2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Assuming a
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10% Increase
|
|
|
|
Notional
|
|
|
Estimated
|
|
|
in the Yield
|
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Fair Value
|
|
|
Curve
|
|
|
|
(In millions)
|
|
|
Assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed maturity securities
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
244,088
|
|
|
$
|
(4,276
|
)
|
Equity securities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,533
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Mortgage and consumer loans
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
48,605
|
|
|
|
(364
|
)
|
Policy loans
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12,145
|
|
|
|
(233
|
)
|
Short-term investments
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,612
|
|
|
|
(9
|
)
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10,874
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Mortgage loan commitments
|
|
$
|
3,943
|
|
|
|
(84
|
)
|
|
|
(24
|
)
|
Commitments to fund bank credit facilities, bridge loans and
private corporate bond investments
|
|
$
|
891
|
|
|
|
(89
|
)
|
|
|
—
|
|
Commitments to fund partnership investments
|
|
$
|
4,542
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
(4,906
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Policyholder account balances
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
102,454
|
|
|
$
|
1,421
|
|
Short-term debt
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
632
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Long-term debt
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9,446
|
|
|
|
251
|
|
Collateral financing agreements
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,323
|
|
|
|
60
|
|
Junior subordinated debt securities underlying common equity
units
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,124
|
|
|
|
100
|
|
Shares subject to mandatory redemption
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
192
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
Payables for collateral under securities loaned and other
transactions
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
46,649
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
1,838
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Derivative instruments (designated hedges or otherwise)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest rate swaps
|
|
$
|
39,144
|
|
|
$
|
(133
|
)
|
|
$
|
(310
|
)
|
Interest rate floors
|
|
|
48,517
|
|
|
|
866
|
|
|
|
(58
|
)
|
Interest rate caps
|
|
|
26,826
|
|
|
|
18
|
|
|
|
10
|
|
Financial futures
|
|
|
8,070
|
|
|
|
(6
|
)
|
|
|
(48
|
)
|
Foreign currency swaps
|
|
|
21,414
|
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
|
(83
|
)
|
Foreign currency forwards
|
|
|
5,456
|
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Options
|
|
|
2,610
|
|
|
|
1,093
|
|
|
|
(109
|
)
|
Financial forwards
|
|
|
12,300
|
|
|
|
129
|
|
|
|
(5
|
)
|
Credit default swaps
|
|
|
3,169
|
|
|
|
31
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Synthetic GICs
|
|
|
3,888
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
|
—
|
|
Other
|
|
|
353
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
(602
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net change
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
(3,670
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This quantitative measure of risk has decreased by
$1,500 million, or 29%, to $3,670 million at
March 31, 2008 from $5,170 million at
December 31, 2007. This decrease in risk is primarily due
to a decline of approximately $1,290 million resulting from
lower interest rates which have the effect of creating a smaller
change in the yield
121
curve and a decrease in the impact on liabilities of
$648 million resulting from a change in the method of
estimating fair value in connection with the adoption of
SFAS 157 as well as decrease of $29 million resulting
from other items. These decreases were partially offset by an
increase of $51 million from growth in the asset portfolio
as well as an increase of $350 million resulting from a
increase in the duration of the asset portfolio. The decrease in
the amount of derivatives employed by the Company also had the
impact of increasing the risk by approximately $66 million.
|
|
Item 4.
|
Controls
and Procedures
|
Management, with the participation of the Chief Executive
Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the
effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s
disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Exchange Act
Rule 13a-15(e)
as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on
that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial
Officer have concluded that these disclosure controls and
procedures are effective.
There were no changes to the Company’s internal control
over financial reporting as defined in Exchange Act
Rule 13a-15(f)
during the three months ended March 31, 2008 that have
materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially
affect, the Company’s internal control over financial
reporting.
Part II —
Other Information
|
|
Item 1.
|
Legal
Proceedings
|
The following should be read in conjunction with
(i) Part I, Item 3, of the 2007 Annual Report and
(ii) Note 7 to the unaudited interim condensed
consolidated financial statements in Part I of this report.
Demutualization
Actions
Several lawsuits were brought in 2000 challenging the fairness
of MLIC’s plan of reorganization, as amended (the
“Plan”) and the adequacy and accuracy of MLIC’s
disclosure to policyholders regarding the Plan. The actions
discussed below name as defendants some or all of MLIC, the
Holding Company, and individual directors. MLIC, the Holding
Company, and the individual directors believe they have
meritorious defenses to the plaintiffs’ claims and are
contesting vigorously all of the plaintiffs’ claims in
these actions.
Fiala, et al. v. Metropolitan Life Ins. Co., et al. (Sup.
Ct., N.Y. County, filed March 17, 2000). The
plaintiffs in the consolidated state court class actions seek
compensatory relief and punitive damages against MLIC, the
Holding Company, and individual directors. On January 30,
2007, the trial court signed an order certifying a litigation
class of present and former policyholders on plaintiffs’
claim that defendants violated section 7312 of the New York
Insurance Law, but denying plaintiffs’ motion to certify a
litigation class with respect to a common law fraud claim.
Plaintiffs and defendants have appealed from this order. The
court has directed various forms of class notice.
In re MetLife Demutualization Litig. (E.D.N.Y., filed
April 18, 2000). In this class action
against MLIC and the Holding Company, plaintiffs served a second
consolidated amended complaint in 2004. Plaintiffs assert
violations of the Securities Act and the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), in
connection with the Plan, claiming that the Policyholder
Information Booklets failed to disclose certain material facts
and contained certain material misstatements. They seek
rescission and compensatory damages. By orders dated
July 19, 2005 and August 29, 2006, the federal trial
court certified a litigation class of present and former
policyholders. The court has not yet directed the manner and
form of class notice. MLIC and the Holding Company have served a
motion for summary judgment, and plaintiffs have served a motion
for partial summary judgment.
Asbestos-Related
Claims
MLIC is and has been a defendant in a large number of
asbestos-related suits filed primarily in state courts. These
suits principally allege that the plaintiff or plaintiffs
suffered personal injury resulting from exposure to asbestos and
seek both actual and punitive damages.
As reported in the 2007 Annual Report, MLIC received
approximately 7,200 asbestos-related claims in 2007. During the
three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, MLIC received
approximately 2,000 and 1,600 new
122
asbestos-related claims, respectively. See Note 16 of the
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2007
Annual Report for historical information concerning asbestos
claims and MLIC’s increase in its recorded liability at
December 31, 2002. The number of asbestos cases that may be
brought or the aggregate amount of any liability that MLIC may
ultimately incur is uncertain.
MLIC reevaluates on a quarterly and annual basis its exposure
from asbestos litigation, including studying its claims
experience, reviewing external literature regarding asbestos
claims experience in the United States, assessing relevant
trends impacting asbestos liability and considering numerous
variables that can affect its asbestos liability exposure on an
overall or per claim basis. These variables include bankruptcies
of other companies involved in asbestos litigation, legislative
and judicial developments, the number of pending claims
involving serious disease, the number of new claims filed
against it and other defendants, and the jurisdictions in which
claims are pending. MLIC regularly reevaluates its exposure from
asbestos litigation and has updated its liability analysis for
asbestos-related claims through March 31, 2008.
Sales
Practices Claims
Over the past several years, MLIC; New England Mutual Life
Insurance Company, New England Life Insurance Company and New
England Securities Corporation (collectively “New
England”); General American Life Insurance Company
(“GALIC”); Walnut Street Securities, Inc.
(“Walnut Street Securities”) and MetLife Securities,
Inc. (“MSI”) have faced numerous claims, including
class action lawsuits, alleging improper marketing or sales of
individual life insurance policies, annuities, mutual funds or
other products.
As of March 31, 2008, there were approximately 140 sales
practices litigation matters pending against the Company. The
Company continues to vigorously defend against the claims in
these matters. Some sales practices claims have been resolved
through settlement. Other sales practices claims have been won
by dispositive motions or have gone to trial. Most of the
current cases seek substantial damages, including in some cases
punitive and treble damages and attorneys’ fees. Additional
litigation relating to the Company’s marketing and sales of
individual life insurance, mutual funds or other products may be
commenced in the future.
Other
Litigation
Thomas, et al. v. Metropolitan Life Ins. Co., et al. (W.D.
Okla., filed January 31, 2007). A putative
class action complaint was filed against MLIC and MSI.
Plaintiffs assert legal theories of violations of the federal
securities laws and violations of state laws with respect to the
sale of certain proprietary products by the Company’s
agency distribution group. Plaintiffs seek rescission,
compensatory damages, interest, punitive damages and
attorneys’ fees and expenses. In January and May 2008, the
court issued orders granting the defendants’ motion to
dismiss in part, dismissing all of plaintiffs’ claims
except for claims under the Investment Advisers Act. The Company
is vigorously defending against the remaining claims in this
matter.
Summary
Putative or certified class action litigation and other
litigation and claims and assessments against the Company, in
addition to those discussed previously and those otherwise
provided for in the Company’s consolidated financial
statements, have arisen in the course of the Company’s
business, including, but not limited to, in connection with its
activities as an insurer, employer, investor, investment advisor
and taxpayer. Further, state insurance regulatory authorities
and other federal and state authorities regularly make inquiries
and conduct investigations concerning the Company’s
compliance with applicable insurance and other laws and
regulations.
It is not possible to predict the ultimate outcome of all
pending investigations and legal proceedings or provide
reasonable ranges of potential losses, except as noted
previously in connection with specific matters. In some of the
matters referred to previously, very large
and/or
indeterminate amounts, including punitive and treble damages,
are sought. Although in light of these considerations it is
possible that an adverse outcome in certain cases could have a
material adverse effect upon the Company’s financial
position, based on information currently known by the
Company’s management, in its opinion, the outcomes of such
pending investigations and legal proceedings are not likely to
have such an effect. However, given the large
and/or
indeterminate amounts sought in certain of these matters and the
inherent unpredictability of litigation, it is possible that an
adverse outcome in certain matters could,
123
from time to time, have a material adverse effect on the
Company’s consolidated net income or cash flows in
particular quarterly or annual periods.
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Item 2.
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Unregistered
Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
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Issuer
Purchases of Equity Securities
Purchases of common stock made by or on behalf of the Company or
its affiliates during the quarter ended March 31, 2008 are
set forth below:
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(d) Maximum Number
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(or Approximate Dollar
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(c) Total Number of
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Value) of Shares
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Shares Purchased as
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That May Yet Be
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(a) Total Number
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(b) Average
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Part of Publicly
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Purchased Under
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of Shares
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Price Paid
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Announced
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the Plans or
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Period
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Purchased (1)
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per Share
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Plans or Programs (2)
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Programs
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January 1 — January 31, 2008
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7,696,060
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$
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58.52
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7,690,222
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$
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1,060,735,127
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February 1 — February 28, 2008
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12,711,550
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$
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62.93
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12,711,550
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$
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260,735,127
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March 1 — March 31, 2008
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60
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$
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57.79
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—
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$
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260,735,127
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Total
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20,407,670
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$
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61.27
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20,401,772
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$
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260,735,127
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(1) |
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During the periods January 1 — January 31, 2008,
February 1 — February 28, 2008 and March
1 — March 31, 2008, separate account affiliates
of the Company purchased 5,838 shares, 0 shares and
60 shares, respectively, of common stock on the open market
in nondiscretionary transactions to rebalance index funds.
Except as disclosed above, there were no shares of common stock
which were repurchased by the Company other than through a
publicly announced plan or program. |
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(2) |
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In December 2007, the Company entered into an accelerated common
stock repurchase agreement with a major bank. Under the terms of
the agreement, the Company paid the bank $450 million in
cash in January 2008 in exchange for 6,646,692 shares of
the Company’s outstanding common stock that the bank
borrowed from third parties. Also in January 2008, the bank
delivered 1,043,530 additional shares of the Company’s
common stock to the Company resulting in a total of
7,690,222 shares being repurchased under the agreement. At
December 31, 2007, the Company recorded the obligation to
pay $450 million to the bank as a reduction of additional
paid-in capital. Upon settlement with the bank in January 2008,
the Company increased additional paid-in capital and reduced
treasury stock. |
Furthermore, the payment of dividends and other distributions to
the Holding Company by its insurance subsidiaries is regulated
by insurance laws and regulations. See “Management’s
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations — Liquidity and Capital
Resources — The Holding Company — Liquidity
Sources — Dividends.”
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Item 4.
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Submission
of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
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MetLife, Inc.’s Annual Meeting of stockholders was held on
April 22, 2008 (the “2008 Annual Meeting”). The
matters that were voted upon at the 2008 Annual Meeting, and the
number of votes cast for, against or withheld, as well as the
number of abstentions as to each such matter, as applicable, are
set forth below:
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(1)
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Election of Directors — The stockholders elected five
Class III Directors, each for a term expiring at MetLife,
Inc.’s 2011 Annual Meeting.
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Nominee Name
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Votes For
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Votes Withheld
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Sylvia Mathews Burwell
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638,003,499
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9,180,103
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Eduardo Castro-Wright
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640,780,535
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6,403,067
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Cheryl W. Grisé
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638,231,073
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8,952,529
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William C. Steere, Jr.
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639,579,645
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7,603,957
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Lulu C. Wang
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640,595,156
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6,588,446
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124
(2) Ratification of Appointment of Deloitte &
Touche LLP as Independent Auditor (APPROVED)
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Votes For
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Votes Against
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Abstained
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637,495,487
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4,736,728
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4,951,387
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The Directors whose terms continued after the 2008 Annual
Meeting and the years their terms expire are as follows:
Class I Directors — Term Expires in 2009
C. Robert Henrikson
John M. Keane
Hugh B. Price
Kenton J. Sicchitano
Class II Directors — Term Expires in 2010
Burton A. Dole, Jr.
R. Glenn Hubbard, Ph.D.
James M. Kilts
David Satcher, M.D., Ph.D.
125
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Exhibit
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No.
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|
Description
|
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31
|
.1
|
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Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to
Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
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|
31
|
.2
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Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to
Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
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|
32
|
.1
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Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
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32
|
.2
|
|
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
|
126
Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on
its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
METLIFE, INC.
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By
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/s/ Joseph
J. Prochaska, Jr.
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Name: Joseph J. Prochaska, Jr.
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|
|
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Title:
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Executive Vice President, Finance Operations and
|
Chief Accounting Officer (Authorized Signatory and
Principal Accounting Officer)
Date: May 9, 2008
127
Exhibit Index
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|
|
|
|
Exhibit
|
|
|
No.
|
|
Description
|
|
|
31
|
.1
|
|
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to
Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
|
|
31
|
.2
|
|
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to
Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
|
|
32
|
.1
|
|
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
|
|
32
|
.2
|
|
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
|
E-1