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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
 
(2)
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Principles of Consolidation
The financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and include the accounts of the Company and its wholly
 
owned subsidiaries and its investment in OutlawsXP, Inc (“Outlaws”).
 The Company holds approximately a 90% economic interest in the Outlaws. Net assets and results of operations for Outlaws as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019 are not significant. All significant inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated. 
Use of Estimates
Preparing financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the period. Such estimates include (i) the amount of allowance for doubtful accounts; (ii) future cash flows used for testing recoverability of property and equipment; (iii) fair values used for testing FCC licenses and goodwill for impairment; (iv) estimates used to determine the incremental borrowing rate to record lease liabilities and related right-of-use assets (v) the realization of deferred tax assets, and (vi) actuarial assumptions related to the SERP. Actual results and outcomes may differ from management’s estimates and assumptions.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
All short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less are considered to be cash equivalents.
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable consist primarily of uncollected amounts due from advertisers for the sale of advertising airtime. The amounts are net of advertising agency commissions and an allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts reflects management’s estimate of probable losses in accounts receivable. Management determines the allowance based on historical information, relative improvements or deteriorations in the age of the accounts receivable and changes in current economic conditions. Interest is not accrued on accounts receivable.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment is recorded at fair value in a business combination or otherwise at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset. If an event or change in circumstances were to indicate that the carrying amount of property and equipment is not recoverable, the carrying amount will be reduced to the estimated fair value. Repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred.
FCC Licenses
FCC licenses, including translator licenses, are generally granted for renewable terms of eight years. Renewal costs are generally minor and expensed as incurred. Licenses are tested for impairment on an annual basis, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the Company’s licenses might be impaired. The Company assesses qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that its licenses are impaired. If the Company determines it is more likely than not that its licenses are impaired then the Company is required to perform the quantitative impairment test. The quantitative impairment test compares the fair value of the Company’s licenses with their carrying amounts. If the carrying amounts of the licenses exceed their fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess. For the purpose of testing its licenses for impairment, the Company combines its licenses into reporting units based on its market clusters. See Note 5 for changes in the carrying amount of FCC licenses for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019. The weighted-average period before the next renewal of the Company’s FCC licenses is 2.8 years.
 
Goodwill
Goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the Company’s goodwill might be impaired. The Company assesses qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform a quantitative assessment for each reporting unit. If the quantitative assessment is necessary, the Company will determine the fair value of each reporting unit. If the fair value of any reporting unit is less than the carrying amount, the Company will recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. The loss recognized will not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. For the purpose of testing its goodwill for impairment, the Company has identified its market clusters and the Outlaws as its reporting units. See Note 6 for changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019.
 
Other Intangibles
Other intangibles include advertiser relationships, franchise rights and sponsorship base
,
which are amortized over their respective estimated useful lives and brands and other intangibles with indefinite lives which are not amortized. If an event or change in circumstances were to indicate that the carrying amount of any other intangibles is not recoverable, the carrying amount will be reduced to the estimated fair value.
Investments
Other assets include investments in Quu, Inc. (“Quu”) and Renegades Holdings, Inc. (“Renegades”). The Company is considered to have the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of Quu and Renegades. Therefore, the investments in Quu and Renegades are accounted for using the equity method. The Company will recognize its share of the earnings of Quu and Renegades in the periods for which they are reported. Any loss in value of the investments that is other than a temporary decline will be recognized. Other assets also include a noncontrolling interest in AUDIOis which does not have a readily determinable fair value and therefore is recorded at cost less impairment. The Company evaluates the investments on a quarterly basis to identify impairment. When the evaluation indicates that an impairment exists, the Company will estimate the fair value of the investment and recognize an impairment loss equal to the difference between the fair value and the carrying amount of the investment. 
Debt Issuance Costs
Debt issuance costs are capitalized and amortized over the life of the related debt as interest expense on a straight-line basis which approximates the effective interest method. Unamortized debt issuance costs are reported as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the related debt.
Leases.
The Company determines whether a contract is or contains a lease at inception. The term for each lease agreement includes the noncancellable period specified in the agreement together with (1) the periods covered by options to extend the lease if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise that option, (2) periods covered by an option to terminate if the Company is reasonably certain not to exercise that option and (3) period covered by an option to extend (or not terminate) if controlled by the lessor. The lease liabilities and the related right-of use assets are calculated based on the present value of the lease payments using (1) the rate implicit in the lease or (2) the lessee’s incremental borrowing rate (“IBR”). IBR is defined as the rate of interest that a lessee would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment.
Supplemental Employee Retirement Plan
The costs and liabilities of the Supplemental Employee Retirement Plan (“SERP”) are determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that include the discount rate and mortality rates. The discount rate is based on matching the cash flows of the SERP to the FTSE Pension Discount Curve. The mortality assumptions are based on the mortality tables and mortality improvement scales that are selected based on the most recent study of the Society of Actuaries. The SERP is frozen so future employment does not change the benefit amounts. Actual results will differ from results which are estimated based on assumptions.
Treasury Stock
Treasury stock is accounted for using the cost method whereby the entire cost of the acquired stock is recorded as treasury stock.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company measures the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award. The cost is recognized in earnings over the period during which an employee is required to provide service. No compensation cost is recognized for equity instruments for which employees do not render the requisite services.
Income Taxes
The Company recorded income taxes under the liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for all temporary differences between tax and financial reporting bases of the Company’s assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Tax benefits from an uncertain tax position are only recognized if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution. Interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits are recorded as incurred as a component of income tax expense.  
Comprehensive Income
Comprehensive income consists of net income and other gains and losses affecting equity that, under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America
,
are excluded from net income including unrecognized net actuarial gains (losses) related to the SERP.
Earnings per Share
Basic net income per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to common stockholders of the Company by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Common shares outstanding include shares of both Class A and Class B common stock, which have equal rights and privileges except with respect to voting. Diluted net income per share reflect the potential dilution that could occur if stock options, restricted stock or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock and were not anti-dilutive.
Concentrations of Risk
Certain cash deposits with financial institutions may at times exceed FDIC insurance limits.
The radio stations located in Boston, MA, Philadelphia, PA and Tampa-Saint Petersburg, FL
collectivel
y
contributed 58.8% and 60.7% of the Company’s net revenue in 2018 and 2019, respectively.
Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Inputs refer broadly to the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk. Inputs may be observable or unobservable. Observable inputs are based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s own assumptions based on the best information available in the circumstances. The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are defined as follows:
Level 1 – Inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reporting date.
Level 2 – Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, as of the reporting date.
Level 3 – Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability that reflect management’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability as of the reporting date.
 
Sports Programming Costs
Sports programming rights for a specified season are amortized on a straight-line basis over the season. Other payments are expensed when the additional contract elements, such as post-season games, are broadcast.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued guidance to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. A lessee should recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a
right-of-use
asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. There continues to be a differentiation between finance leases and operating leases, however lease assets and lease liabilities arising from operating leases should now be recognized in the statement of financial position. New disclosures are required to meet the objective of enabling users of financial statements to assess the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. In 2018 and 2019, the FASB issued several updates to address certain practical expedients, codification improvements, and targeted improvements to the original guidance. On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted the new guidance retrospectively
,
at the beginning of the period of adoption
,
through a cumulative-effect adjustment. On January 1, 2019, the Company recorded a lease liability of $43.1 million and
right-of-use
assets of $38.8 million. The Company recorded a cumulative effect of initially applying the new standard of $0.9 million on the opening balance of retained earnings. The comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting guidance in effect for that period.