UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

__________________________

FORM 10-Q

__________________________

x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024

OR

o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _______ to _______

Commission file number 000-29599

PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Connecticut	06-1559137
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
900 Bedford Street, Stamford, Connecticut	06901
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(203) 252-5900

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock	PNBK	NASDAQ Global Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act

Large accelerated filer	o	Accelerated filer	o
Non-accelerated filer	x	Smaller reporting company	x
Emerging growth company	o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x

APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY

PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PRECEDING FIVE YEARS:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports to be filed by Section 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court. Yes o No o

APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE ISSUERS:

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

As of May 15, 2024, there were 3,976,073 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

1

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Table of Contents	2
PART I- FINANCIAL INFORMATION	3
Item 1: Consolidated Financial Statements	3
Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)	3
Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)	4
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income (Unaudited)	5
Consolidated Statements of Shareholder's Equity (Unaudited)	6
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)	7
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	9
Item 2: Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	41
Item 3: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	55
Item 4: Disclosure Controls and Procedures	56
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION	58
Item 1: Legal Proceedings	58
Item 5: Other Information	58
Item 6: Exhibits	59
SIGNATURES	60

2

PART I- FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1: Consolidated Financial Statements

PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
(In thousands, except share data)	Unaudited
Assets
Cash and due from banks:
Noninterest bearing deposits and cash	$	2,409	$	2,195
Interest bearing deposits	61,580		50,322
Restricted cash	28,786		14,019
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	92,775		66,536
Investment securities:
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value	87,595		89,187
Other investments, at cost	4,450		4,450
Total investment securities	92,045		93,637
Federal Reserve Bank (FRB) stock, at cost	2,200		2,090
Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) stock, at cost	2,652		4,202
Loans receivable (net of allowance for credit losses: 2024: $(13,777) and 2023: $(15,925))	796,546		832,934
Loans held for sale	14,112		20,767
Accrued interest and dividends receivable	6,610		7,219
Premises and equipment, net	29,634		29,875
Other real estate owned	2,843		2,843
Deferred tax asset	24,199		24,134
Core deposit intangible, net	191		203
Other assets	9,372		8,985
Total assets	$	1,073,179	$	1,093,425
Liabilities
Deposits:
Noninterest bearing deposits	$	109,265	$	110,056
Interest bearing deposits	750,459		730,255
Total deposits	859,724		840,311
FHLB, FRB and correspondent bank borrowings	131,000		171,000
Senior notes, net	11,757		11,723
Subordinated debt, net	9,876		9,869
Junior subordinated debt owed to unconsolidated trust, net	8,139		8,137
Note payable	323		376
Advances from borrowers for taxes and insurance	2,772		1,164
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	5,951		6,462
Total liabilities	1,029,542		1,049,042
Commitments and Contingencies
Shareholders' equity
Preferred stock, no par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding	—		—
Common stock, $.01 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized; As of March 31, 2024: 4,049,814 shares issued; 3,976,073 shares outstanding; As of December 31, 2023: 4,049,814 shares issued; 3,976,073 shares outstanding.	106,694		106,670
Accumulated deficit	(47,325)		(47,026)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(15,732)		(15,261)
Total shareholders' equity	43,637		44,383
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	1,073,179	$	1,093,425

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

3

PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands, except per share amounts)	2024		2023
Interest and Dividend Income
Interest and fees on loans	$	12,648	$	12,550
Interest on investment securities	661		680
Dividends on investment securities	71		135
Other interest income	621		281
Total interest and dividend income	14,001		13,646
Interest Expense
Interest on deposits	6,686		3,579
Interest on Federal Home Loan Bank and correspondent bank borrowings	1,214		1,436
Interest on senior debt	290		290
Interest on subordinated debt	406		326
Interest on note payable	1		2
Total interest expense	8,597		5,633
Net interest income	5,404		8,013
Provision for credit losses	658		2,220
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	4,746		5,793
Non-interest Income
Loan application, inspection and processing fees	202		123
Deposit fees and service charges	81		68
Gains on sales of loans	267		81
Rental income	21		119
(Loss) gain on sale of investment securities, net	(24)		24
Digital Payments income	964		361
Other income	736		59
Total non-interest income	2,247		835
Non-interest Expense
Salaries and benefits	4,156		4,267
Occupancy and equipment expense	817		884
Data processing expense	324		294
Professional and other outside services	841		914
Project expenses, net	—		27
Advertising and promotional expense	46		85
Loan administration and processing expense	8		51
Regulatory assessments	219		182
Insurance expense, net	76		77
Communications, stationary and supplies	149		191
Other operating expense	590		612
Total non-interest expense	7,226		7,584
Loss before income taxes	(233)		(956)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes	66		(257)
Net loss	$	(299)	$	(699)
Basic loss per share	$	(0.08)	$	(0.18)
Diluted loss per share	$	(0.08)	$	(0.18)

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

4

PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME (Unaudited)

(In thousands)	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Net loss	$	(299)	$	(699)
Other comprehensive (loss) income
Unrealized holding (loss) gain on securities	(600)		1,704
Income tax effect	160		(439)
Reclassification for realized loss (gain) on sale of investment securities	24		(24)
Income tax effect	(6)		6
Impact of update to effective tax rate	(49)		—
Total securities available-for-sale	(471)		1,247
Comprehensive (loss) income	$	(770)	$	548

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

5

PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
(In thousands, except shares)	Number of Shares	Common Stock		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total
Balance at January 1, 2024	3,976,073	$	106,670	$	(47,026)	$	(15,261)	$	44,383
Comprehensive loss:
Net loss	—	—		(299)		—		(299)
Unrealized holding loss on available-for-sale securities, net of tax	—	—		—		(471)		(471)
Total comprehensive loss	—	—		(299)		(471)		(770)
Share-based compensation expense	—	24		—		—		24
Balance at March 31, 2024	3,976,073	$	106,694	$	(47,325)	$	(15,732)	$	43,637

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
(In thousands, except shares)	Number of Shares	Common Stock		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total
Balance at January 1, 2023	3,965,186	$	106,565	$	(31,337)	$	(15,645)	$	59,583
Transition adjustment related to adoption of ASC326, net of tax	—	$	—	$	(11,510)	$	—	$	(11,510)
Comprehensive (loss) income:
Net loss	—	—		(699)		—		(699)
Unrealized holding gain on available-for-sale securities, net of tax	—	—		—		1,247		1,247
Total comprehensive (loss) income	—	—		(699)		1,247		548
Share-based compensation expense	—	23		—		—		23
Balance at March 31, 2023	3,965,186	$	106,588	$	(43,546)	$	(14,398)	$	48,644

6

PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)

(In thousands)	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net loss	$	(299)	$	(699)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided (used in) by operating activities:
Accretion of investment premiums and discounts, net	(38)		(23)
Amortization and accretion of purchase loan premiums and discounts, net	154		698
Amortization of debt issuance costs	43		44
Amortization of core deposit intangible	12		11
Amortization of servicing assets of sold SBA loans	19		27
Provision for credit losses	658		2,220
Depreciation and amortization	284		275
Loss (gain) on sales of available-for-sale securities	24		(24)
Loss on sale of premises and equipment	3		—
Share-based compensation	24		23
Decrease (increase) in deferred income taxes, net	40		(261)
Originations of loans held for sale, net	(133,569)		(3,218)
Proceeds from sale of loans held for sale	134,965		1,628
Gains on sale of loans held for sale, net	(267)		(81)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Decrease (increase) in accrued interest and dividends receivable	609		(41)
(Increase) decrease in other assets	(311)		1,003
Decrease in accrued expenses and other liabilities	(552)		(1,794)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	1,799		(212)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Proceeds from maturity or sales on available-for-sale securities	2,281		1,780
Principal repayments on available-for-sale securities	1,068		1,074
Purchases of available-for-sale securities	(2,319)		(8,343)
Purchases of Federal Reserve Bank stock	(110)		(46)
Redemptions (purchases) of Federal Home Loan Bank stock	1,550		(2,500)
Origination of loans receivable	(11,184)		(48,490)
Purchases of loans receivable	(47)		(10,623)
Payments received on loans receivable	52,274		26,309
Purchases of premises and equipment	(41)		(98)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	43,472		(40,937)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Increase (decrease) in deposits, net	19,413		(3,978)
(Decrease) increase in FHLB, FRB and correspondent bank borrowings	(40,000)		65,000
Principal repayments of note payable	(53)		(52)
Increase in advances from borrowers for taxes and insurance	1,608		1,938
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(19,032)		62,908
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	26,239		21,759
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	66,536		38,493
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	92,775	$	60,252

7

PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited) (Continued)

(In thousands)	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information:
Cash paid for interest	$	7,996	$	5,438
Cash paid for income taxes	$	—	$	(2)
Non-cash transactions:
Net change in unrealized (gain) loss on available-for-sale securities	$	471	$	(1,247)
Transfers of loans held for sale to loans receivable	$	5,526	$	—
Capitalized servicing assets	$	64	$	34
Operating lease right-of-use assets / liabilities	$	138	$	—
Decrease in interest rate swaps	$	23	$	(97)
Expected credit loss for loans - ASC 326 adoption	$	—	$	13,001
Expected credit loss for unfunded loan commitments - ASC 326 adoption	$	—	$	2,737
Deferred tax assets - ASC 326 adoption	$	—	$	(4,228)

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

8

PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to consolidated financial statements (Unaudited)

Note 1.    Basis of Financial Statement Presentation

The accompanying unaudited interim condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of Patriot National Bancorp, Inc. (the “Company” or “PNBK”) and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Patriot Bank, N.A. (the “Bank”), Patriot National Statutory Trust I and PinPat Acquisition Corporation (collectively, “Patriot”), have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) have been omitted. The accompanying unaudited interim condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included on the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

The Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2023 presented herein has been derived from the audited Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company at that date, but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by US GAAP for complete financial statements.

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and to disclose contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Management has identified accounting for the allowance for credit losses, the analysis and valuation of its investment securities, the valuation of deferred tax assets, the impairment of goodwill, the valuation of derivatives, and the valuation of servicing assets as certain of the Company’s more significant accounting policies and estimates, in that they are critical to the presentation of the Company’s consolidated financial condition and results of operations. As they concern matters that are inherently uncertain, these estimates require management to make subjective and complex judgments in the preparation of the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

The information furnished reflects, in the opinion of management, all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods presented. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that may be expected for the remainder of 2024.

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current year presentation.

Note 2.    Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Please refer to the summary of Significant Accounting Policies included in the Company’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K for a list of all policies in effect as of December 31, 2023.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Recently issued Accounting Pronouncements not yet Adopted

ASU 2023-06

In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-06, Disclosure Improvements: Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative. The amendments in this Update modify the disclosure or presentation requirements of a variety of Topics in the Codification. Certain of the amendments represent clarifications to or technical corrections of the current requirements. For entities subject to the SEC’s existing disclosure requirements and for entities required to file or furnish financial statements with or to the SEC in preparation for the sale of or for purposes of issuing securities that are not subject to contractual restrictions on transfer, the effective date for each amendment will be the date on which the SEC’s removal of that related disclosure from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K becomes effective, with early adoption prohibited. For all other entities, the amendments will be effective two years later. The amendments in this Update should be applied prospectively. For all entities, if by June 30, 2027, the SEC has not removed the applicable requirement from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K, the pending content of the related amendment will be removed from the Codification and will not become effective for any entity. The adoption of ASU 2023-06 is not expected to have an impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations but could change certain disclosures. The Company will continue to monitor for SEC action, and plan accordingly for adoption.

9

PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

ASU 2023-07

In November, 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. The amendments are intended to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. Additionally, the amendments enhance interim disclosure requirements, clarify circumstances in which an entity can disclose multiple segment measures of profit or loss, provide new segment disclosure requirements for entities with a single reportable segment and define other disclosure requirements. A public entity must apply the amendments retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. Upon transition, the segment expense categories and amounts disclosed in the prior periods should be based on the significant segment expense categories identified and disclosed in the period of adoption. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have an impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations but could change certain disclosures.

ASU 2023-09

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023‑09 Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires more detailed disclosures of income taxes paid net of refunds received, income from continuing operations before income tax expense or benefit, and income tax expense from continuing operations. This standard is to be applied on a prospective basis, with retrospective application permitted, and will be effective for the Company for annual periods beginning on January 1, 2025. We do not expect adoption of this standard to have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements but will likely result in additional disclosures.

Note 3.    Available-for-Sale Securities

The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and fair values of available-for-sale securities at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are as follows:

(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized (Losses)		Fair Value
March 31, 2024:
U. S. Government agency and mortgage-backed securities	$	80,753	$	—	$	(15,273)	$	65,480
Corporate bonds	17,995		—		(4,306)		13,689
Subordinated notes	5,000		—		(755)		4,245
SBA loan pools	4,733		—		(1,030)		3,703
Municipal bonds	559		—		(81)		478
Total available-for-sale securities	$	109,040	$	—	$	(21,445)	$	87,595
December 31, 2023:
U. S. Government agency and mortgage-backed securities	$	80,500	$	—	$	(14,829)	$	65,671
Corporate bonds	17,995		—		(4,229)		13,766
Subordinated notes	5,000		—		(773)		4,227
SBA loan pools	6,002		—		(965)		5,037
Municipal bonds	559		—		(73)		486
Total available-for-sale securities	$	110,056	$	—	$	(20,869)	$	89,187

10

PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following table presents the available-for-sale securities’ gross unrealized losses and fair value, aggregated by the length of time the individual securities have been in a continuous loss position as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

(In thousands)	Less than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized (Loss)		Fair Value		Unrealized (Loss)		Fair Value		Unrealized (Loss)
March 31, 2024:
U. S. Government agency and mortgage-backed securities	$	7,584	$	(161)	$	57,896	$	(15,112)	$	65,480	$	(15,273)
Corporate bonds	—		—		13,689		(4,306)		13,689		(4,306)
Subordinated notes	—		—		4,245		(755)		4,245		(755)
SBA loan pools	—		—		3,703		(1,030)		3,703		(1,030)
Municipal bonds	—		—		478		(81)		478		(81)
Total available-for-sale securities	$	7,584	$	(161)	$	80,011	$	(21,284)	$	87,595	$	(21,445)
December 31, 2023:
U. S. Government agency and mortgage-backed securities	$	9,984	$	(286)	$	55,687	$	(14,543)	$	65,671	$	(14,829)
Corporate bonds	—		—		13,766		(4,229)		13,766		(4,229)
Subordinated notes	—		—		4,227		(773)		4,227		(773)
SBA loan pools	—		—		5,037		(965)		5,037		(965)
Municipal bonds	—		—		486		(73)		486		(73)
Total available-for-sale securities	$	9,984	$	(286)	$	79,203	$	(20,583)	$	89,187	$	(20,869)

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, forty-nine of forty-nine and fifty of fifty available-for-sale securities had unrealized losses with an aggregate decline of (19.7)% and (19.0)% from the amortized cost of those securities, respectively.

At March 31, 2024, no allowance for credit losses has been recognized on available for sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position as the Company does not believe any of the debt securities are credit impaired. This is based on the Company’s analysis of the risk characteristics, including credit ratings, and other qualitative factors related to available for sale debt securities. The issuers of these debt securities continue to make timely principal and interest payments under the contractual terms of the securities. The Company does not intend to sell these debt securities and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell the debt securities before recovery of their amortized cost, which may be at maturity. The unrealized losses are due to increases in market interest rates over the yields available at the time the debt securities were purchased.

With regard to U.S. mortgage-backed securities and municipal bonds issued by the U.S. government, or agencies thereof, it is expected that the securities will not be settled at prices less than the amortized cost basis of the securities as such securities are backed by the full faith and credit of and/or guaranteed by the U.S. government. Accordingly, no allowance for credit losses has been recorded for these securities.

With regard to corporate bonds, management considers (i) issuer bond ratings, (ii) historical loss rates for given bond ratings, (iii) whether issuers continue to make timely principal and interest payments under the contractual terms of the securities, and (iv) internal forecasts. Securities under the U.S. Small Business Administration (“SBA”) government guaranteed loan pools program were purchased at a premium and the impairment was attributable primarily to increased prepayment speeds. The timely payment of principal and interest on these securities is guaranteed by the U.S. Government agency. The contractual terms of the subordinated notes do not permit the issuer to settle the securities at a price less than the amortized cost bases of the investments. Furthermore, as of March 31, 2024, there were no past due principal or interest payments associated with these securities. Based upon (i) the issuer’s strong bond ratings and (ii) a zero historical loss rate, no allowance for credit losses has been recorded for available-for-sale securities at March 31, 2024. All debt securities in an unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2024 continue to perform as scheduled and the Company does not believe there is a possible credit loss or that an allowance for credit loss on these debt securities is necessary.

11

PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, available-for-sale securities of $65.0 million and $68.5 million, respectively, were pledged to the Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") and Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”). The securities were pledged primarily to secure borrowings from the FHLB and FRB.

The following summarizes, by class and contractual maturity, the amortized cost and estimated fair value of available-for-sale debt securities held as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The mortgages underlying the mortgage-backed securities are not due at a single maturity date. Additionally, these mortgages often are and generally may be pre-paid without penalty, creating a degree of uncertainty that such investments can be held until maturity. For convenience, mortgage-backed securities have been included in the summary as a separate line item.

(In thousands)	Amortized Cost								Fair Value
	Due Within 5 years		Due After 5 years through 10 years		Due After 10 years		Total		Due Within 5 years		Due After 5 years through 10 years		Due After 10 years		Total
March 31, 2024:
Corporate bonds	$	2,000	$	15,995	$	—	$	17,995	$	1,937	$	11,752	$	—	$	13,689
Subordinated notes	3,000		2,000		—		5,000		2,535		1,710		—		4,245
SBA loan pools	—		—		4,733		4,733		—		—		3,703		3,703
Municipal bonds	153		406		—		559		137		341		—		478
Available-for-sale securities with stated maturity dates	5,153		18,401		4,733		28,287		4,609		13,803		3,703		22,115
U. S. Government agency and mortgage-backed securities	—		5,215		75,538		80,753		—		4,136		61,344		65,480
Total available-for-sale securities	$	5,153	$	23,616	$	80,271	$	109,040	$	4,609	$	17,939	$	65,047	$	87,595
December 31, 2023:
Corporate bonds	$	2,000	$	15,995	$	—	$	17,995	$	1,947	$	11,819	$	—	$	13,766
Subordinated notes	3,000		2,000		—		5,000		2,527		1,700		—		4,227
SBA loan pools	—		1,096		4,906		6,002		—		1,084		3,953		5,037
Municipal bonds	153		406		—		559		140		346		—		486
Available-for-sale securities with stated maturity dates	5,153		19,497		4,906		29,556		4,614		14,949		3,953		23,516
U. S. Government agency and mortgage-backed securities	—		5,222		75,278		80,500		—		4,237		61,434		65,671
Total available-for-sale securities	$	5,153	$	24,719	$	80,184	$	110,056	$	4,614	$	19,186	$	65,387	$	89,187

12

PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 4.    Loans Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, loans receivable, net, consisted of the following:

(In thousands)	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Loan portfolio segment:
Commercial Real Estate	$	462,547	$	472,093
Residential Real Estate	102,881		106,783
Commercial and Industrial	148,420		163,565
Consumer and Other	89,772		99,688
Construction	4,239		4,266
Construction to Permanent - CRE	2,464		2,464
Loans receivable, gross	810,323		848,859
Allowance for loan and lease losses	(13,777)		(15,925)
Loans receivable, net	$	796,546	$	832,934

Patriot's lending activities are conducted principally in Fairfield and New Haven Counties in Connecticut and Westchester County in New York, and the five Boroughs of New York City. Patriot originates commercial real estate loans, commercial business loans, a variety of consumer loans, and construction loans, and has purchased residential loans since 2016. All commercial and residential real estate loans are collateralized primarily by first or second mortgages on real estate. The ability and willingness of borrowers to satisfy their loan obligations is dependent to some degree on the status of the regional economy as well as upon the regional real estate market. Accordingly, the ultimate collectability of a substantial portion of the loan portfolio and the recovery of a substantial portion of any resulting real estate acquired is susceptible to changes in market conditions.

Patriot has established credit policies applicable to each type of lending activity in which it engages and evaluates the creditworthiness of each borrower. Unless extenuating circumstances exist, Patriot limits the extension of credit on commercial real estate loans to 75% of the market value of the underlying collateral. Patriot’s loan origination policy for multi-family residential real estate is limited to 80% of the market value of the underlying collateral. In the case of construction loans, the maximum loan-to-value is 75% of the “as completed” appraised value of the real estate project. Management monitors the appraised value of collateral on an on-going basis and additional collateral is requested when warranted. Real estate is the primary form of collateral, although other forms of collateral do exist and may include such assets as accounts receivable, inventory, marketable securities, time deposits, and other business assets.

Risk characteristics of the Company’s portfolio classes include the following:

Commercial Real Estate Loans

In underwriting commercial real estate loans, Patriot evaluates both the prospective borrower’s ability to make timely payments on the loan and the value of the property securing the loans. Repayment of such loans may be negatively impacted should the borrower default, the value of the property collateralizing the loan substantially decline, or there are declines in general economic conditions. Where the owner occupies the property, Patriot also evaluates the business’ ability to repay the loan on a timely basis and may require personal guarantees, lease assignments, and/or the guarantee of the operating company.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, Patriot did not purchase any commercial real estate loans.

Residential Real Estate Loans

Patriot’s residential real estate loan portfolio consists primarily of purchased residential loans. The repayment of residential real estate loans, as well as the loans secured by residential real estate, may be negatively impacted if borrowers experience financial difficulties, if there is a significant decline in the value of the property securing the loan, or if there are declines in general economic conditions. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, Patriot purchased $47,000 residential real estate loans. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, Patriot did not purchase any residential real estate loans.

13

PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Commercial and Industrial Loans

Patriot’s commercial and industrial loan portfolio consists primarily of commercial business loans and lines of credit to businesses and professionals. These loans are generally for the financing of accounts receivable, purchases of inventory, purchases of new or used equipment, or for other short- or long-term working capital purposes. These loans are generally secured by business assets but are also occasionally offered on an unsecured basis. In granting these types of loans, Patriot considers the borrower’s cash flow as the primary source of repayment, supported by the value of collateral, if any, and personal guarantees, as applicable. Repayment of commercial and industrial loans may be negatively impacted by adverse changes in economic conditions, ineffective management, claims on the borrower’s assets by others that are superior to Patriot’s claims, a loss of demand for the borrower’s products or services, or the death or disability of the borrower or other key management personnel.

Patriot’s syndicated and leveraged loan portfolio totaled $5.7 million at both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The syndicated and leveraged loans are included in the commercial and industrial loan classification and are primarily comprised of loan transactions led by major financial institutions and regional banks, which are the Agent Bank or Lead Arranger, and are referred to as syndicated loans or "Shared National Credits (SNC)". SNC loans were determined to be complementary to the Bank’s existing commercial and industrial loan portfolio and product offerings. Further originations in this loan class are not expected.

Consumer and Other Loans

Patriot offers individual consumers various forms of credit including installment loans, credit cards, overdraft protection, auto loans and reserve lines of credit. Repayments of such loans are generally dependent on the personal income of the borrower, which may be negatively impacted by adverse changes in economic conditions. The Company does not place a high emphasis on originating these types of loans.

The Company has purchased unsecured consumer loans from a third party which are higher yielding loans of 2-5 year terms that are expected to incur an increased level of charge-offs. Loans outstanding under this program at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 totaled $39.9 million and $48.5 million, respectively. No loans were purchased under this program for the three months ended March 31, 2024. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Bank purchased $9.3 million unsecured consumer loans.

The Company does not have any lending programs commonly referred to as subprime lending. Subprime lending generally targets borrowers with weakened credit histories that are typically characterized by payment delinquencies, previous charge-offs, judgments against the consumer, a history of bankruptcies, or borrowers with questionable repayment capacity as evidenced by low credit scores or high debt-burdened ratios.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, Patriot did not purchase any home equity line of credit loans (“HELOC”). During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Bank purchased HELOC loans of $1.3 million.

Construction Loans

Construction loans are of a short-term nature, generally of eighteen months or less, that are secured by land and improvements intended for commercial, residential, or mixed-use development. Loan proceeds may be used for the acquisition of or improvements to the land under development and funds are generally disbursed as phases of construction are completed.

Included in this category are loans to construct single family homes where no contract of sale exists, based upon the experience and financial strength of the builder, the type and location of the property, and other factors. Construction loans tend to be personally guaranteed by the principal(s). Repayment of such loans may be negatively impacted by an inability to complete construction, a downturn in the market for new construction, by a significant increase in interest rates, or by decline in general economic conditions. The construction loans outstanding at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 totaled $4.2 million and $4.3 million, respectively.

14

PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Construction to Permanent - Commercial Real Estate ("CRE")

Construction to permanent loans represent a one-time close of a construction facility with simultaneous conversion to an amortizing mortgage loan. Construction to permanent loans combine a short-term period similar to a construction loan, generally with a variable rate, and a longer term CRE loan typically 20-25 years, resetting every five years to the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) rate.

Close of the permanent facility typically occurs when events dictate, such as receipt of a certificate of occupancy and property stabilization, which is defined as cash flow sufficient to support a pre-defined minimum debt coverage ratio and other conditions and covenants particular to the loan. Construction facilities are typically variable rate instruments that, upon conversion to an amortizing mortgage loan, reset to a fixed rate instrument that is the greater of the in-force variable rate plus a predetermined spread over a reference rate (e.g., prime) or a minimum interest rate.

SBA Loans

Patriot originates SBA 7(a) loans, on which the SBA has historically provided guarantees of 75% of the principal balance. However, during the pandemic in 2021, the SBA temporarily increased the guarantees to 90% and reverted to 75% on October 1, 2021. The guaranteed portion of the Company’s SBA loans is generally sold in the secondary market with the unguaranteed portion held in the portfolio as a loan held for investment. SBA loans are for the purpose of providing working capital, financing the purchase of equipment, inventory, or commercial real estate and for other business purposes. Loans are guaranteed by the businesses' major owners. SBA loans are made based primarily on the historical and projected cash flow of the business and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided. SBA loans held for investment are included in the commercial real estate loans and commercial and industrial loan classifications, which totaled $35.0 million and $30.0 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, $5.5 million SBA loans previously classified as held for sale were transferred to held for investment. No held for sale SBA loans were transferred to held for investment during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Small Business Administration Paycheck Protection Program

Under the Paycheck Protection Program of the CARES Act, small business loans were authorized to pay for payroll and group health costs, salaries and commissions, mortgage and rent payments, utilities, and interest on other debt. The loans are provided through participating financial institutions that process loan applications and service the loans. The Bank participated in the SBA’s Paycheck Protection Program in 2021. Paycheck Protection Program loans totaled $132,000 and $133,000 as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, which are included in the commercial and industrial loan classifications.

15

PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Allowance for Credit Losses

The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2023, which introduced the current expected credit loss ("CECL") methodology for estimating all expected losses over the life of a financial asset. Under the CECL methodology, the ACL is measured on a collective basis for pools of loans with similar risk characteristics. For loans that do not share similar risk characteristics with the collectively evaluated pools, evaluations are performed on an individual basis. For all loan segments collectively evaluated, losses are predicted over a period of time determined to be reasonable and supportable, and at the end of the reasonable and supportable forecast period losses are reverted to long-term historical averages. The estimated credit losses for all loan segments are adjusted for changes in qualitative factors not inherently considered in the quantitative analyses.

The Company estimates expected credit losses for pooled loans using a modeling method that incorporates probability of default and loss given default. The PD model employs a quarterly risk-rating transition method to estimate the probability of default by simulating loan downgrades and assigning increasing default probabilities to each loan. This captures the likelihood that borrowers will be unable to repay their loans according to the original terms. The LGD calculation considers characteristics such as collateral value and vintage, underlying collateral characteristics (e.g., CRE vs. residential, owner-occupied vs. investment), a floor for the LGD calculation (minimum loss in event of default regardless of collateral protection), and other relevant underwriting characteristics. Also calculated is the exposure at default. The probability of default is multiplied by the loss given default and the exposure at default. This calculation is forecasted for every year remaining in the life of each loan, and the results are aggregated to determine the necessary level of ACL for the pooled loans. Forecasted exposure at default can be influenced by prepayments speeds, which management elected to discount in part to reflect the expectation of slower voluntary prepayments in the face of an increasing interest rate environment.

Commercial and industrial loans include risks associated with borrower’s cash flow, debt service coverage and management’s expertise. These loans are subject to the risk that the Company may have difficulty converting collateral to a liquid asset if necessary, as well as risks associated with degree of specialization, mobility and general collectability in a default situation. These commercial loans may be subject to many different types of risks, including fraud, bankruptcy, economic downturn, deteriorated or non-existent collateral, and changes in interest rates.

Real estate construction loans include risks associated with the borrower’s credit-worthiness, contractor’s qualifications, borrower and contractor performance, and the overall risk and complexity of the proposed project. Construction lending is also subject to risks associated with sub-market dynamics, including population, employment trends and household income. During times of economic stress, this type of loan has typically had a greater degree of risk than other loan types.

Real estate mortgage loans consist of loans secured by commercial and residential real estate. Commercial real estate lending is divided into Investment CRE and Owner-Occupied CRE. Investment CRE is dependent upon successful management, marketing and expense supervision necessary to maintain the property. Repayment of these loans may be adversely affected by conditions in the real estate market or the general economy. Owner-Occupied CRE is utilized by a business for the purpose of providing the space needs for that business and the running of its operations. Repayment is dependent on the cash flow and successful operations of the business. Repayment of these loans may be adversely affected by conditions in the specific owner’s industry. Also, commercial real estate loans typically involve relatively large loan balances to a single borrower. Residential real estate lending risks are generally less significant than those of other loans. Real estate lending risks include fluctuations in the value of real estate, bankruptcies, economic downturn and customer financial problems.

Consumer loans carry a moderate degree of risk compared to other loans. They are generally more risky than traditional residential real estate loans, and carry generally low relative balances across a diverse borrowing pool. Risk of default is assessed based on FICO scores, debt to income ratios, historical loss rates other common consumer loan metrics. For the pool of purchased unsecured consumer loans, the risk of default and necessary ACL is assessed on an individual loan basis using a customized model that heavily weights payment/delinquency status, FICO scores, and remaining loan life until maturity.

The Company maintains an ACL for credit losses on unfunded lending commitments and letters of credit to provide for the risk of loss inherent in these arrangements. The allowance is computed using a methodology similar to that used to determine the ACL for loans, modified to take into account the probability of a drawdown on the commitment. The ACL on unfunded loan commitments is classified as a liability account on the Consolidated Balance Sheets within other liabilities, while the corresponding provision for these credit losses is recorded as a component of provision for credit losses. The allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments was $276,000 at March 31, 2024 and $1.9 million at December 31, 2023, respectively.

16

PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following tables summarize the activity in the allowance for credit losses, allocated to segments of the loan portfolio, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:

(In thousands)	Commercial Real Estate		Residential Real Estate		Commercial and Industrial		Consumer and Other		Construction		Construction to Permanent - CRE		Unallocated		Total
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Allowance for credit losses:
December 31, 2023	$	6,089	$	607	$	1,269	$	7,843	$	4	$	113	$	—	$	15,925
Charge-offs	(158)		(21)		(410)		(2,523)		—		—		—		(3,112)
Recoveries	—		—		6		305		—		—		—		311
Provisions (credits)	(311)		85		334		655		3		(113)		—		653		(1)
March 31, 2024	$	5,620	$	671	$	1,199	$	6,280	$	7	$	—	$	—	$	13,777
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Allowance for credit losses:
December 31, 2022	$	6,966	$	665	$	1,403	$	1,207	$	24	$	10	$	35	$	10,310
Impact of ASC 326 Adoption	1,626		189		219		10,977		(4)		29		(35)		13,001
Charge-offs	—		—		(2)		(1,796)		—		—		—		(1,798)
Recoveries	—		—		7		173		—		—		—		180
Provisions (credits)	1,217		(1)		172		1,690		1		8		—		3,087		(2)
March 31, 2023	$	9,809	$	853	$	1,799	$	12,251	$	21	$	47	$	—	$	24,780

(1) The provision on credit losses included in the above table for the three months ended March 31, 2024 does not include the provision on unfunded loan commitments of $5,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

(2) The provision on credit losses included in the above table for the three months ended March 31, 2023 does not include the credit on unfunded loan commitments of $867,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

The following tables summarize, by loan portfolio segment, the amount of loans receivable evaluated individually and collectively for impairment as of March 31, 2024:

(In thousands)	Commercial Real Estate		Residential Real Estate		Commercial and Industrial		Consumer and Other		Construction		Construction to  Permanent  - CRE		Total
March 31, 2024
Allowance for credit losses:
Individually evaluated loans	$	3,321	$	—	$	23	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	3,344
Collectively evaluated loans	2,299		671		1,176		6,280		7		—		10,433
Total allowance for credit losses	$	5,620	$	671	$	1,199	$	6,280	$	7	$	—	$	13,777
Loans receivable, gross:
Individually evaluated loans	$	15,914	$	—	$	3,706	$	—	$	429	$	2,464	$	22,513
Collectively evaluated loans	446,633		102,881		144,714		89,772		3,810		—		787,810
Total loans receivable, gross	$	462,547	$	102,881	$	148,420	$	89,772	$	4,239	$	2,464	$	810,323

17

PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following tables presents the balance in the allowance for loan and lease losses and the recorded investment in loans by portfolio segment based on impairment method as of December 31, 2023:

(In thousands)	Commercial Real Estate		Residential Real Estate		Commercial and Industrial		Consumer and Other		Construction		Construction to Permanent - CRE		Total
December 31, 2023
Allowance for credit losses:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	3,813	$	—	$	392	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	4,205
Collectively evaluated for impairment	2,276		607		877		7,843		4		113		11,720
Total allowance for loan losses	$	6,089	$	607	$	1,269	$	7,843	$	4	$	113	$	15,925
Loans receivable, gross:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	12,775	$	—	$	3,904	$	—	$	454	$	—	$	17,133
Collectively evaluated for impairment	459,318		106,783		159,661		99,688		3,812		2,464		831,726
Total loans receivable, gross	$	472,093	$	106,783	$	163,565	$	99,688	$	4,266	$	2,464	$	848,859

Patriot monitors the credit quality of its loans receivable on an ongoing basis. Credit quality is monitored by reviewing certain indicators, including cash flow from business operations, loan to value ratios, debt service coverage ratios, and credit scores.

Patriot employs a risk rating system as part of the risk assessment of its loan portfolio. At origination, credit officers are required to assign a risk rating to each loan in their portfolio, which is ratified or modified by the Loan Committee to which the loan is submitted for approval. If financial developments occur on a loan in the credit officer’s portfolio of responsibility, the risk rating is reviewed and adjusted, as applicable. In carrying out its oversight responsibilities, the Loan Committee can adjust a risk rating based on available information. In addition, the risk ratings on all commercial loans over $250,000 are reviewed by the Credit Department either annually or biannually, or every 4 years, depending upon the amount of the bank’s exposure and other credit metrics.

Additionally, Patriot retains an independent third-party loan review firm to perform a semi-annual analysis of the results of its risk rating process. The semi-annual review is based on a randomly selected sample of loans within established parameters (e.g., value, concentration), in order to assess and validate the risk ratings assigned to individual loans. Any changes to the assigned risk ratings, based on the semi-annual review, are required to be reported to the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.

When assigning a risk rating to a loan, management utilizes the Bank’s internal eleven-point risk rating system. An asset is considered “special mention” when it has a potential weakness based on objective evidence, but does not currently expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant classification in one of the following categories:

•Substandard: An asset is classified “substandard” if it is not adequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or the collateral pledged, if any. Substandard assets have well defined weaknesses based on objective evidence, and are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss, if noted deficiencies are not corrected.

•Doubtful: Assets classified as “doubtful” have all of the weaknesses inherent in those classified as “substandard”, with the added characteristic that the identified weaknesses make collection or liquidation-in-full improbable, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values.

18

PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Charge-offs of loans to reduce the loan to its recoverable value that are solely collateral dependent, generally occur immediately upon confirmation of the partial loss amount. Loans that are cash flow dependent are modeled to reflect the expected cash flows through expected loan maturity, including any proceeds from refinancing or principal curtailment. A specific reserve is established for the amount by which the net investment in the loan exceeds the present value of discounted cash flows. Charge-offs on cash flow dependent loans also generally occur immediately upon confirmation of the partial loss amount. If either type of loan is classified as "Loss”, meaning full loss on the loan is expected, the full balance of the loan receivable is charged off, regardless of the potential recovery from a sale of the underlying collateral. Any amount that may be recovered on the sale of collateral underlying a loan is recognized as a “recovery” in the period in which the collateral is sold. In accordance with Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council published policies establishing uniform criteria for the classification of retail credit based on delinquency status, “Open-end” and “Closed-end” credits are charged off when 180 days and 90 days delinquent, respectively. Loans receivable that are part of the unsecured loan purchase program are charged-off in full when the loan is 90 days past due.

The allowance for credit losses may increase to reflect the decline in the performance of the loan portfolio and the higher level of incurred losses.

19

PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Loan Portfolio Vintage Analysis

The following tables summarize loan amortized cost by vintage, credit quality indicator, class of loans and charge-offs based on year of origination as of March 31, 2024:

	Term of Loans by Origination
As of March 31, 2024:	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Revolving		Total Loans Receivable Gross
Loan portfolio segment:
Commercial Real Estate:
Pass	$	—	$	106,927	$	139,679	$	110,591	$	3,377	$	80,477	$	—	$	441,051
Special mention	—		—		6,483		130		—		—		—		6,613
Substandard	—		—		2,993		34		279		11,577		—		14,883
Total	—		106,927		149,155		110,755		3,656		92,054		—		462,547
Current period gross charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		158		—		158
Residential Real Estate:
Pass	—		—		1,243		2,891		10,435		85,816		661		101,046
Special mention	—		—		—		—		1,053		782		—		1,835
Total	—		—		1,243		2,891		11,488		86,598		661		102,881
Current period gross charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		21		—		21
Commercial and Industrial:
Pass	624		1,643		14,831		22,169		2,132		11,519		85,351		138,269
Special mention	—		6		19		42		—		1,080		—		1,147
Substandard	—		271		349		891		5,773		1,620		100		9,004
Total	624		1,920		15,199		23,102		7,905		14,219		85,451		148,420
Current period gross charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		410		—		410
Consumer and Other:
Pass	73		5,222		30,506		3,790		—		19,285		30,175		89,051
Substandard	—		128		462		59		—		—		72		721
Total	73		5,350		30,968		3,849		—		19,285		30,247		89,772
Current period gross charge-offs	—		135		2,207		181		—		—		—		2,523
Construction:
Pass	—		—		—		3,810		—		—		—		3,810
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		429		—		429
Total	—		—		—		3,810		—		429		—		4,239
Construction to Permanent - CRE:
Substandard	—		—		—		2,464		—		—		—		2,464
Total	—		—		—		2,464		—		—		—		2,464
Total loans	$	697	$	114,197	$	196,565	$	146,871	$	23,049	$	212,585	$	116,359	$	810,323
Total Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	135	$	2,207	$	181	$	—	$	589	$	—	$	3,112
Loans receivable, gross:
Pass	$	697	$	113,792	$	186,259	$	143,251	$	15,944	$	197,097	$	116,187	$	773,227
Special mention	—		6		6,502		172		1,053		1,862		—		9,595
Substandard	—		399		3,804		3,448		6,052		13,626		172		27,501
Total Loans receivable, gross	$	697	$	114,197	$	196,565	$	146,871	$	23,049	$	212,585	$	116,359	$	810,323
Current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	135	$	2,207	$	181	$	—	$	589	$	—	$	3,112

20

PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following tables summarize loan amortized cost by vintage, credit quality indicator, class of loans and charge-offs based on year of origination as of December 31, 2023:

	Term of Loans by Origination
As of December 31, 2023:	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Revolving		Total Loans Receivable Gross
Loan portfolio segment:
Commercial Real Estate:
Pass	$	104,683	$	138,091	$	111,308	$	3,401	$	31,832	$	63,526	$	—	$	452,841
Special mention	—		6,482		—		—		—		—		—		6,482
Substandard	—		1,799		—		280		10,000		691		—		12,770
Total	104,683		146,372		111,308		3,681		41,832		64,217		—		472,093
Current period gross charge-offs	—		—		—		—		6,341		5		—		6,346
Residential Real Estate:
Pass	—		1,251		2,975		11,577		15,770		74,596		614		106,783
Total	—		1,251		2,975		11,577		15,770		74,596		614		106,783
Current period gross charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		515		—		515
Commercial and Industrial:
Pass	2,696		13,916		23,099		8,004		9,578		7,024		96,431		160,748
Special mention	6		348		—		—		37		11		104		506
Substandard	16		—		801		—		401		1,093		—		2,311
Total	2,718		14,264		23,900		8,004		10,016		8,128		96,535		163,565
Current period gross charge-offs	—		182		85		—		516		144		—		927
Consumer and Other:
Pass	6,470		36,668		4,724		—		5,590		14,314		30,945		98,711
Substandard	197		645		61		—		—		—		74		977
Total	6,667		37,313		4,785		—		5,590		14,314		31,019		99,688
Current period gross charge-offs	114		9,013		1,280		—		6		66		—		10,479
Construction:
Pass	—		—		3,812		—		—		—		—		3,812
Substandard	—		—		—		—		454		—		—		454
Total	—		—		3,812		—		454		—		—		4,266
Current period gross charge-offs	—		—		150		—		—		—		—		150
Construction to Permanent - CRE:
Special mention	—		—		2,464		—		—		—		—		2,464
Total	—		—		2,464		—		—		—		—		2,464
Total loans	$	114,068	$	199,200	$	149,244	$	23,262	$	73,662	$	161,255	$	128,168	$	848,859
Total Current period gross charge-offs	$	114	$	9,195	$	1,515	$	—	$	6,863	$	730	$	—	$	18,417
Loans receivable, gross:
Pass	$	113,849	$	189,926	$	145,918	$	22,982	$	62,770	$	159,460	$	127,990	$	822,895
Special mention	6		6,830		2,464		—		37		11		104		9,452
Substandard	213		2,444		862		280		10,855		1,784		74		16,512
Loans receivable, gross	$	114,068	$	199,200	$	149,244	$	23,262	$	73,662	$	161,255	$	128,168	$	848,859
Total Current period gross charge-offs	$	114	$	9,195	$	1,515	$	—	$	6,863	$	730	$	—	$	18,417

21

PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Loan Portfolio Aging Analysis

The following tables summarize performing and non-performing (i.e., non-accruing) loans receivable by portfolio segment, by aging category, by delinquency status as of March 31, 2024.

(In thousands)	Performing (Accruing) Loans
As of March 31, 2024:	30 - 59 Days Past Due		60 - 89 Days Past Due		90 Days or Greater Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Performing Loans		Non- accruing Loans		Loans Receivable Gross
Loan portfolio segment:
Commercial Real Estate:
Pass	$	197	$	1,682	$	—	$	1,879	$	437,866	$	439,745	$	1,306	$	441,051
Special mention	—		130		—		130		6,483		6,613		—		6,613
Substandard	347		591		—		938		2,789		3,727		11,156		14,883
	544		2,403		—		2,947		447,138		450,085		12,462		462,547
Residential Real Estate:
Pass	256		—		130		386		100,660		101,046		—		101,046
Special mention	—		—		—		—		1,835		1,835		—		1,835
	256		—		130		386		102,495		102,881		—		102,881
Commercial and Industrial:
Pass	73		111		—		184		136,251		136,435		1,834		138,269
Special mention	61		—		—		61		1,086		1,147		—		1,147
Substandard	519		1,203		—		1,722		6,113		7,835		1,169		9,004
	653		1,314		—		1,967		143,450		145,417		3,003		148,420
Consumer and Other:
Pass	1,311		775		349		2,435		86,616		89,051		—		89,051
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		721		721
	1,311		775		349		2,435		86,616		89,051		721		89,772
Construction:
Pass	—		—		—		—		3,810		3,810		—		3,810
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		429		429
	—		—		—		—		3,810		3,810		429		4,239
Construction to Permanent - CRE:
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		2,464		2,464
	—		—		—		—		—		—		2,464		2,464
Total	$	2,764	$	4,492	$	479	$	7,735	$	783,509	$	791,244	$	19,079	$	810,323
Loans receivable, gross:
Pass	$	1,837	$	2,568	$	479	$	4,884	$	765,203	$	770,087	$	3,140	$	773,227
Special mention	61		130		—		191		9,404		9,595		—		9,595
Substandard	866		1,794		—		2,660		8,902		11,562		15,939		27,501
Loans receivable, gross	$	2,764	$	4,492	$	479	$	7,735	$	783,509	$	791,244	$	19,079	$	810,323

22

PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following tables summarize performing and non-performing loans (i.e., non-accruing) receivable by portfolio segment, by aging category, by delinquency status as of December 31, 2023.

(In thousands)	Performing (Accruing) Loans
As of December 31, 2023:	30 - 59 Days Past Due		60 - 89 Days Past Due		90 Days or Greater Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Performing Loans		Non- accruing Loans		Loans Receivable Gross
Loan portfolio segment:
Commercial Real Estate:
Pass	$	2,274	$	231	$	—	$	2,505	$	448,707	$	451,212	$	1,629	$	452,841
Special mention	—		—		—		—		6,482		6,482		—		6,482
Substandard	—		—		—		—		1,624		1,624		11,146		12,770
	2,274		231		—		2,505		456,813		459,318		12,775		472,093
Residential Real Estate:
Pass	1,439		—		—		1,439		105,344		106,783		—		106,783
	1,439		—		—		1,439		105,344		106,783		—		106,783
Commercial and Industrial:
Pass	420		10		—		430		157,335		157,765		2,983		160,748
Special mention	—		348		—		348		158		506		—		506
Substandard	526		—		—		526		847		1,373		938		2,311
	946		358		—		1,304		158,340		159,644		3,921		163,565
Consumer and Other:
Pass	1,327		1,015		341		2,683		96,028		98,711		—		98,711
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		977		977
	1,327		1,015		341		2,683		96,028		98,711		977		99,688
Construction:
Pass	—		—		—		—		3,812		3,812		—		3,812
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		454		454
	—		—		—		—		3,812		3,812		454		4,266
Construction to Permanent - CRE:
Special mention	—		—		—		—		2,464		2,464		—		2,464
	—		—		—		—		2,464		2,464		—		2,464
Total	$	5,986	$	1,604	$	341	$	7,931	$	822,801	$	830,732	$	18,127	$	848,859
Loans receivable, gross:
Pass	$	5,460	$	1,256	$	341	$	7,057	$	811,226	$	818,283	$	4,612	$	822,895
Special mention	—		348		—		348		9,104		9,452		—		9,452
Substandard	526		—		—		526		2,471		2,997		13,515		16,512
Loans receivable, gross	$	5,986	$	1,604	$	341	$	7,931	$	822,801	$	830,732	$	18,127	$	848,859

23

PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following tables summarize non-performing (i.e., non-accruing) loans by aging category and status, within the applicable loan portfolio segment as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

(In thousands)	Non-accruing Loans
	30 - 59 Days Past Due		60 - 89 Days Past Due		90 Days or Greater Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Non-accruing Loans
As of March 31, 2024:
Loan portfolio segment:
Commercial Real Estate:
Pass	$	—	$	—	$	1,306	$	1,306	$	—	$	1,306
Substandard	—		—		1,527		1,527		9,629		11,156
Commercial and Industrial:
Pass	—		—		1,296		1,296		538		1,834
Substandard	—		—		953		953		216		1,169
Consumer and Other:
Substandard	—		—		649		649		72		721
Construction:
Substandard	—		—		—		—		429		429
Construction to permanent - CRE:
Substandard	—		—		2,464		2,464		—		2,464
Total non-accruing loans	$	—	$	—	$	8,195	$	8,195	$	10,884	$	19,079
As of December 31, 2023:
Loan portfolio segment:
Commercial Real Estate:
Pass	$	—	$	—	$	1,629	$	1,629	$	—	$	1,629
Substandard	—		770		439		1,209		9,937		11,146
Commercial and Industrial:
Pass	—		—		2,054		2,054		929		2,983
Substandard	—		371		535		906		32		938
Consumer and Other:
Substandard	—		16		887		903		74		977
Construction:
Substandard	—		—		—		—		454		454
Total non-accruing loans	$	—	$	1,157	$	5,544	$	6,701	$	11,426	$	18,127

The accrual of interest on loans is discontinued at the time the loan is 90 days past due for payment unless the loan is well-secured and in process of collection. Consumer installment loans are typically charged off no later than 180 days past due. Past due status is based on contractual terms of the loan. In all cases, loans are placed on non-accrual status or charged-off, at an earlier date, if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful.

All interest accrued, but not collected for loans that are placed on non-accrual status or charged off, is reversed against interest income. The interest on these loans is generally accounted for on the cash-basis method until qualifying for return to accrual status. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current, future payments are reasonably assured, after at least six months of timely payment history. The Bank considers loans under $100,000 and consumer installment loans to be pools of smaller homogeneous loan balances, and therefore are collectively evaluated for impairment, and not individually measured for impairment.

24

PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

If non-accrual loans had been performing in accordance with the original contractual terms, additional interest income (net of cash collected) of approximately $573,000 and $63,000 would have been recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Interest income collected and recognized on non-accruing loans for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $20,000 and $282,000, respectively.

Individually Evaluated Loans

The following table reflects information about the individually evaluated loans by class as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

(In thousands)	March 31, 2024						December 31, 2023
	Recorded Investment		Principal Outstanding		Related Allowance		Recorded Investment		Principal Outstanding		Related Allowance
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial Real Estate	$	6,285	$	13,102	$	—	$	2,838	$	5,879	$	—
Commercial and Industrial	2,774		7,272		—		2,266		2,899		—
Construction	429		447		—		454		461		—
Construction to permanent - CRE	2,464		2,476		—		—		—		—
	11,952		23,297		—		5,558		9,239		—
With a related allowance recorded:
Commercial Real Estate	9,629		10,071		3,321		9,937		10,137		3,813
Commercial and Industrial	932		1,668		23		1,638		3,159		392
	10,561		11,739		3,344		11,575		13,296		4,205
Individually evaluated loans, Total:
Commercial Real Estate	15,914		23,173		3,321		12,775		16,016		3,813
Commercial and Industrial	3,706		8,940		23		3,904		6,058		392
Construction	429		447		—		454		461		—
Construction to permanent - CRE	2,464		2,476		—		—		—		—
Total	$	22,513	$	35,036	$	3,344	$	17,133	$	22,535	$	4,205

25

PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following table summarizes additional information regarding individually evaluated loans by class for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

	Three Month Ended March 31,
(In thousands)	2024				2023
	Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial Real Estate	$	6,286	$	37	$	899	$	—
Residential Real Estate	—		—		1,179		3
Commercial and Industrial	2,855		44		2,402		82
Consumer and Other	—		—		513		9
Construction	442		—		1,738		—
Construction to permanent - CRE	2,464		—		—		—
	12,047		81		6,731		94
With a related allowance recorded:
Commercial Real Estate	9,781		—		10,405		154
Residential Real Estate	—		—		1,352		1
Commercial and Industrial	1,005		—		4,052		43
Consumer and Other	—		—		18		—
	10,786		—		15,827		198
Individually evaluated loans, Total:
Commercial Real Estate	16,067		37		11,304		154
Residential Real Estate	—		—		2,531		4
Commercial and Industrial	3,860		44		6,454		125
Consumer and Other	—		—		531		9
Construction	442		—		1,738		—
Construction to permanent - CRE	2,464		—		—		—
Total	$	22,833	$	81	$	22,558	$	292

Credit losses for loans that no longer share similar risk characteristics with the collectively evaluated pools are excluded from the collective evaluation and estimated on an individual basis (individually evaluated loans). Individual evaluations are performed for nonaccrual loans in excess of $100,000 as well as selected substandard loans. Specific allowances were estimated based on one of several methods, including the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral, observable market value of similar debt or the present value of expected cash flows.

For collateral dependent loans, appraisal reports of the underlying collateral have been obtained from independent licensed appraisal firms. For non-performing loans, the independently determined appraised values were first reduced by a 5.8% discount to reflect the Bank’s experience selling Other Real Estate Owned ("OREO") properties, and were further reduced by 8% in selling costs, in order to estimate the potential loss, if any, that may eventually be realized. Performing loans are monitored to determine when, if at all, additional credit loss reserves may be required for a loss of underlying collateral value. For cash flow dependent loans, the Bank determined the reserve based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate.

Loans not requiring specific reserves had fair values exceeding the total recorded investment, supporting the net investment in the loan which includes principal balance, unamortized fees and costs and accrued interest, if any. Once a borrower is in default, Patriot is under no obligation to advance additional funds on unused commitments.

26

PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Loan Modifications Made to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

On a case-by-case basis, Patriot may agree to modify the contractual terms of a borrower’s loan to assist customers who may be experiencing financial difficulty. Substantially all loan modifications involve lowering the monthly payments on such loans through either a reduction in interest rate below market rate, an extension of the term of the loan, or a combination of adjusting these two contractual attributes. Loan modifications may also result in the forgiveness of principal or accrued interest. In addition, when modifying commercial loans, Patriot frequently obtains additional collateral or guarantor support. If the borrower has performed under the existing contractual terms of the loan and Patriot’s underwriters determine that the borrower has the capacity to continue to perform under the terms of the loan, the loan continues accruing interest. Non-accruing modified loans may be returned to accrual status when there has been a sustained period of performance (generally six consecutive months of payments) and both principal and interest are reasonably assured of collection.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had no modified loans made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. There were no modified loans that had a payment default during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and were modified in the twelve months prior to that default to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were no commitments to advance additional funds under the modified loans.

Note 5.    Loans Held for Sale

SBA Loans held for sale

SBA Loans held for sale represent the guaranteed portion of SBA loans originated and are reflected at the lower of aggregate cost or market value. As of March 31, 2024, SBA loans held for sale was $1.3 million, consisting only of $1.3 million SBA commercial real estate loans. There were $9.9 million of SBA loans held for sale at December 31, 2023, consisting of $3.5 million SBA commercial and industrial loans and $6.4 million SBA commercial real estate loans. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, $5.5 million SBA loans previously classified as held for sale were transferred to held for investment. No SBA held for sale loans were transferred to held for investment in three months ended March 31, 2023.

The Company generally sells the guaranteed portion of its SBA loans to a third party and retains the servicing, holding the unguaranteed portion in its portfolio. When sales of SBA loans do occur, the premium received on the sale and the present value of future cash flows of the servicing assets, less the discount of the retained portion of the loan are recognized in income.

Servicing assets represent the estimated fair value of retained servicing rights, net of servicing costs, at the time loans are sold. Servicing assets are amortized in proportion to, and over the period of, estimated net servicing revenues. Impairment will be evaluated based on stratifying the underlying financial assets by date of origination and term. Fair value is determined using prices for similar assets with similar characteristics, when available, or based upon discounted cash flows using market-based assumptions. Any impairment, if temporary, would be reported as a valuation allowance.

Serviced loans sold to others are not included in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. The total amount of such loans serviced, but owned by third party, amounted to approximately $50.0 million and $47.5 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the servicing asset has a carrying value of $902,000 and $857,000, respectively, and fair value of $988,000 and $932,000, respectively. Income and fees collected for loan servicing are credited to noninterest income when earned, net of amortization on the related servicing assets. The servicing asset is included in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

27

PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following table presents an analysis of the activity in the SBA servicing assets for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:

(In thousands)	Three Month Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Beginning balance	$	857	$	886
Servicing rights capitalized	64		34
Servicing rights amortized	(19)		(11)
Servicing rights disposed	—		(16)
Ending balance	$	902	$	893

Loans held for sale - Consumer Loans

Patriot Bank's Digital Payments Group has entered into a Program Management Agreement with a Buyer. Under the agreement, Patriot originates various types of consumer loans that are marketed by the buyer. As of March 31, 2024, the Bank had credit card loans held for sale totaling $12.8 million. The credit card loans expected to be held for no longer than three days before being sold to the buyer. The credit card loans are fully cash-secured by deposits at Patriot. The credit card loans are sold to the buyer as a whole loan sale transaction, priced at par, thus there is no servicing asset or gain or loss on sale.

Note 6.    Deposits

The following table presents the balance of deposits held, by category as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

(In thousands)	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Non-interest bearing	$	109,265	$	110,056
Interest bearing:
Negotiable order of withdrawal accounts	29,460		33,035
Savings deposits	39,378		44,104
Interest bearing DDA	183,084		171,577
Money market	184,653		200,280
Certificates of deposit, less than $250,000	172,386		175,988
Certificates of deposit, $250,000 or greater	73,926		64,745
Brokered deposits	67,572		40,526
Interest bearing, Total	750,459		730,255
Total Deposits	$	859,724	$	840,311

The prepaid debit card deposits are included in the non-interest-bearing deposits, interest bearing DDA and money market deposits, and totaled approximately $206.2 million and $213.4 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

28

PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

As of March 31, 2024, contractual maturities of Certificates of Deposit (“CDs”), and brokered deposits is summarized as follows:

(In thousands)	CDs less than $250,000		CDs $250,000 or greater		Brokered Deposits		Total
1 year or less	$	146,631	$	60,648	$	60,899	$	268,178
More than 1 year through 2 years	21,768		8,374		251		30,393
More than 2 years through 3 years	3,640		4,904		6,422		14,966
More than 3 years through 4 years	145		—		—		145
More than 4 years through 5 years	202		—		—		202
	$	172,386	$	73,926	$	67,572	$	313,884

Note 7.    Derivatives

Derivatives Not Designated in Hedge Relationships

Patriot is party to interest rate swap derivatives that are not designated as hedging instruments. Under a program, Patriot will execute interest rate swaps with commercial lending customers to facilitate their respective risk management strategies. These interest rate swaps with customers are simultaneously offset by interest rate swaps that Patriot executes with a third party, such that Patriot minimizes its net risk exposure resulting from such transactions. Because the interest rate swaps associated with this program do not meet the strict hedge accounting requirements, changes in the fair value of both the customer swaps and the offsetting swaps are recognized directly in earnings. The changes in the fair value of the swaps offset each other, except for the credit risk of the counterparties, which is determined by taking into consideration the risk rating, probability of default and loss given default for all counterparties.

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, Patriot did not have any cash pledged for collateral on its interest rate swaps. No net gain or loss was recognized in other noninterest income on the Consolidated Statements of Operations during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

Information about the valuation methods used to measure the fair value of derivatives is provided in Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

The following table presents summary information regarding these derivatives for the periods presented (dollars in thousands):

(In thousands)	Notional Amount	Maturity (Years)	Fixed Rate		Variable Rate	Fair Value
March 31, 2024
Classified in Other Assets:
3rd party interest rate swap	1,318	5.25	4.38	%	1 Mo. SOFR + 2.00%	97
Classified in Other Liabilities:
Customer interest rate swap	1,318	5.25	4.38	%	1 Mo. SOFR + 2.00%	(97)
December 31, 2023
Classified in Other Assets:
3rd party interest rate swap	1,327	5.50	4.38	%	1 Mo. SOFR + 2.00%	74
Classified in Other Liabilities:
Customer interest rate swap	1,327	5.50	4.38	%	1 Mo. SOFR + 2.00%	(74)

29

PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 8.     Share-Based Compensation and Employee Benefit Plan

In 2011, the Company adopted the Patriot National Bancorp, Inc. 2012 Stock Plan (the “2012 Plan”). The 2012 Plan was amended in 2020 and renamed as the Patriot National Bancorp, Inc. 2020 Restricted Stock Award Plan (the “2020 Plan”). A copy of the 2020 Plan was filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Amendment No. 1 to Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the year ended December 31, 2020 filed on April 30, 2021. The 2020 Plan provides an incentive to directors and employees of the Company by the grant of restricted stock awards (“RSA”).On November 10, 2022, the Board of Directors approved the Amendment and Restatement of the 2020 Plan (the “Amended and Restated 2020 Plan”), which was approved and ratified by shareholders of the Company on December 14, 2022.

The 2020 Plan was amended primarily to (i) reduce the total number of shares authorized for issuance thereunder from 3,000,000 shares to 400,000 shares; and (ii) limit the maximum number of shares of Company’s Common Stock granted during a single fiscal year to any non-employee director, together with any cash fees paid to such director, to be no more than a total value of $300,000. As of March 31, 2024, 208,839 shares of stock were available for issuance under the Plan. In accordance with the terms of the Plan, the vesting of RSAs may be accelerated at the discretion of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. The Compensation Committee sets the terms and conditions applicable to the vesting of RSAs. RSAs granted to directors and employees generally vest in quarterly or annual installments over a three, four or five year period from the date of grant.

The following is a summary of the status of the Company’s restricted shares and changes for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:

Three months ended March 31, 2024:	Number of Shares Awarded	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested at December 31, 2023	17,506	$6.09
Granted	10,159	$3.79
Unvested at March 31, 2024	27,665	$5.24

Three months ended March 31, 2023	Number of Shares Awarded	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested at December 31, 2022	22,660	$7.11
Unvested at March 31, 2023	22,660	$7.11

The Company recognizes compensation expense for all director and employee share-based compensation awards on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is equal to the vesting schedule of each award, for each vesting portion of an award equal to its grant date fair value.

Unrecognized compensation expense attributable to the unvested restricted shares outstanding as of March 31, 2024 amounted to $197,000, which amount is expected to be recognized over the weighted average remaining life of the awards of 2.1 years.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company recognized total share-based compensation expense of $24,000. The share-based compensation attributable to employees of Patriot amounted to $15,000. Included in share-based compensation expense attributable to Patriot’s external directors, were $9,000. The directors received total compensation of $68,000, which amounts are included in other operating expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recognized total share-based compensation expense of $23,000. The share-based compensation attributable to employees of Patriot amounted to $14,000. Included in share-based compensation expense were $9,000 attributable to Patriot’s external directors, who received total compensation of $55,000, which amounts are included in other operating expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

30

PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Retirement Plan

Patriot offers employees participation in the Patriot Bank, N.A. 401(k) Savings Plan (the "401(k) Plan") under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code, along with the ROTH feature to the Plan. The 401(k) Plan covers substantially all employees who have completed one month of service, are 21 years of age and who elect to participate. Under the terms of the 401(k) Plan, participants can contribute up to the maximum amount allowed, subject to Federal limitations. At its discretion, Patriot may match eligible participating employee contributions at the rate of 50% of the first 6% of the participants’ salary contributed to the 401(k) Plan. During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, Patriot made matching contributions to the 401(k) Plan of $80,000 and $75,000, respectively.

Note 9.    Earnings per share

The Company is required to present basic earnings per share and diluted earnings per share in its Consolidated Statements of Operations. Basic earnings per share amounts are computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding. Diluted earnings per share reflects additional shares of common stock that would have been outstanding if potentially dilutive shares of common stock had been issued, as well as any adjustment to income that would result from the assumed issuance. Potential shares of common stock that may be issued by the Company relate to outstanding unvested RSAs granted to directors and employees. The dilutive effect resulting from these potential shares is determined using the treasury stock method. The Company is also required to provide a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator used in the computation of both basic and diluted earnings per share.

The following table summarizes the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:

(Net loss in thousands)	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024			2023
Basis loss per share:
Net loss attributable to Common shareholders	$	(299)		$	(699)
Divided by:
Weighted average shares outstanding	3,976,073			3,965,186
Basic loss per share of common stock	$	(0.08)		$	(0.18)
Diluted loss per share:
Net loss attributable to Common shareholders	$	(299)		$	(699)
Weighted average shares outstanding	3,976,073			3,965,186
Effect of potentially dilutive restricted shares of common stock	—		(1)	—		(2)
Divided by:
Weighted average diluted shares outstanding	3,976,073			3,965,186
Diluted loss per share of common stock	$	(0.08)		$	(0.18)

(1)	The weighted average diluted shares outstanding does not include 22,269 anti-dilutive restricted shares of common stock for the three months ended March 31, 2024.
(2)	The weighted average diluted shares outstanding does not include 491 anti-dilutive restricted shares of common stock for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

31

PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 10. Financial Instruments with Off-Balance Sheet Risk

In the normal course of business, Patriot is a party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit and involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amounts recognized in the balance sheet. The contractual amounts of these instruments reflect the extent of involvement Patriot has in particular classes of financial instruments.

The contractual amount of commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit represents the maximum amount of potential accounting loss should: the contract be fully drawn upon; the customer default; and the value of any existing collateral become worthless. Patriot applies its credit policies to entering commitments and conditional obligations and, as with its lending activates, evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. Management believes that it effectively mitigates the credit risk of these financial instruments through its credit approval processes, establishing credit limits, monitoring the on-going creditworthiness of recipients and grantees, and the receipt of collateral as deemed necessary.

Financial instruments with credit risk at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are as follows:

(In thousands)	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Commitments to extend credit:
Unused lines of credit	$	69,949	$	63,435
Undisbursed construction loans	2,550		2,607
Home equity lines of credit	26,393		26,488
	$	98,892	$	92,530

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments to extend credit generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses, and may require payment of a fee by the borrower. Since these commitments could expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary upon extending credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer. Collateral held varies, but may include commercial property, residential property, deposits and securities. Patriot has established an allowance for credit loss of $276,000 and $271,000 as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, which is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities.

Standby letters of credit are written commitments issued by Patriot to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. The credit risk involved in issuing standby letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers. Guarantees that are not derivative contracts are recorded at fair value and included in the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

32

PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 11. Regulatory and Operational Matters

Federal and state regulatory authorities have adopted standards requiring financial institutions to maintain increased levels of capital. Effective January 1, 2015, federal banking agencies imposed four minimum capital requirements on a community bank’s risk-based capital ratios consisting of Total Capital, Tier 1 Capital, Common Equity Tier 1 (“CET1”) Capital, and a Tier 1 Leverage Capital ratio. The risk-based capital ratios measure the adequacy of a bank's capital against the riskiness of its on- and off-balance sheet assets and activities. Failure to maintain adequate capital is a basis for "prompt corrective action" or other regulatory enforcement action. In assessing a bank's capital adequacy, regulators also consider other factors such as interest rate risk exposure, liquidity, funding and market risks, quality and level of earnings, concentrations of credit, quality of loans and investments, nontraditional activity risk, policy effectiveness, and management's overall ability to monitor and control risk.

In September 2019, the community bank leverage ratio (“CBLR”) framework was jointly issued by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC"), the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”) and FRB. The final rule gives qualifying community banks the option to use a simplified measure of capital adequacy instead of risk based capital, beginning with their March 31, 2020 Call Report. Under the final rule a community bank may qualify for the CBLR framework if it has a Tier 1 leverage ratio of greater than 9%, less than $10 billion in total consolidated assets, and limited amounts of off-balance sheet exposures and trading assets and liabilities. The CARES Act directed the federal banking agencies to issue an interim rule temporarily lowering the CBLR ratio to 8% which the agencies did with a transition back to 9% beginning January 1, 2022.

Capital adequacy is one of the most important factors used to determine the safety and soundness of individual banks and the banking system. A community bank which meets the leverage ratio requirement and other CBLR framework requirements will not be subject to other capital and leverage requirements and will be considered "well capitalized."

From September 2021 to September 30, 2023, the Company elected to adopt the CBLR framework. In the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company elected to use the instituted regulatory risk-based capital approach.

Under the instituted regulatory framework, to be considered “well capitalized”, a financial institution must generally have a Total Capital ratio of at least 10%, a Tier 1 Capital ratio of at least 8.0%, a CET1 Capital ratio at least 6.5%, and a Tier 1 Leverage Capital ratio of at least 5%. However, regardless of a financial institution’s ratios, the OCC may require increased capital ratios or impose dividend restrictions based on the other factors it considers in assessing a bank’s capital adequacy. Under the final capital rules that became effective on January 1, 2015, there was a requirement for a CET1 capital conservation buffer of 2.5% of risk-weighted assets, which is in addition to the other minimum risk-based capital standards in the rule. Institutions that do not maintain this required capital buffer become subject to progressively more stringent limitations on the percentage of earnings that may be distributed to shareholders or used for stock repurchases and on the payment of discretionary bonuses to senior executive management. The capital conversation buffer of 2.5% has been included in the minimum capital adequacy ratios as of March 31, 2024.

33

PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The Company and Bank’s regulatory capital amounts and ratios at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are summarized as follows:

		March 31, 2024								December 31, 2023
		Patriot National Bancorp, Inc.				Patriot Bank, N.A.				Patriot National Bancorp, Inc.				Patriot Bank, N.A.
(Dollar amounts in thousands)		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio
Total Capital (to risk weighted assets):
Actual		$	86,996	9.95	%	$	98,464	11.26	%	$	89,727	10.00	%	$	100,683	11.22	%
To be Well Capitalized	(1)	—		—		87,418		10.00	%	—		—		89,732		10.00	%
For capital adequacy with Capital Buffer	(2)	—		—		91,789		10.50	%	—		—		94,218		10.50	%
For capital adequacy		69,955		8.00	%	69,935		8.00	%	71,788		8.00	%	71,785		8.00	%
Tier 1 Capital (to risk weighted assets):
Actual		69,440		7.94	%	90,908		10.40	%	73,282		8.17	%	94,238		10.50	%
To be Well Capitalized	(1)	—		—		69,935		8.00	%	—		—		71,785		8.00	%
For capital adequacy with Capital Buffer	(2)	—		—		74,306		8.50	%	—		—		76,272		8.50	%
For capital adequacy		52,466		6.00	%	52,451		6.00	%	53,841		6.00	%	53,839		6.00	%
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to risk weighted assets):
Actual		61,440		7.03	%	90,908		10.40	%	65,282		7.27	%	94,238		10.50	%
To be Well Capitalized	(1)	—		—		56,822		6.50	%	—		—		58,325		6.50	%
For capital adequacy with Capital Buffer	(2)	—		—		61,193		7.00	%	—		—		62,812		7.00	%
For capital adequacy		39,350		4.50	%	39,338		4.50	%	40,381		4.50	%	40,379		4.50	%
Tier 1 Leverage Capital (to average assets):
Actual		69,440		6.53	%	90,908		8.55	%	73,282		6.76	%	94,238		8.70	%
To be Well Capitalized	(1)	—		—		53,146		5.00	%	—		—		54,170		5.00	%
For capital adequacy		42,524		4.00	%	42,517		4.00	%	43,339		4.00	%	43,336		4.00	%

(1) Designation as "Well Capitalized" does not apply to bank holding companies - the Company. Such categorization of capital adequacy only applies to insured depository institutions - the Bank.

(2) The Capital Conservation Buffer implemented by the FDIC began to be phased in beginning January 1, 2016. It was not applicable to periods prior to that date and does not apply to bank holding companies - the Company.

34

PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 12. Fair Value and Interest Rate Risk

Patriot measures the carrying value of certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value, as required by its policies as a financial institution and by US GAAP. The carrying values of certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, such as available-for-sale securities; while other assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis due to external factors requiring management’s judgment to estimate potential losses of value resulting in asset impairments or the establishment of valuation reserves. Measuring assets and liabilities at fair value may result in fluctuations to carrying value that have a significant impact on the results of operations or other comprehensive income for the period and period over period.

Following is a detailed summary of the guidance provided by US GAAP regarding the application of fair value measurements and Patriot’s application thereof. Additionally, the following information includes detailed summaries of the effects fair value measurements have on the carrying amounts of asset and liabilities presented in the Consolidated Financial Statements.

The objective of fair value measurement is to value an asset that may be sold or a liability that may be transferred at the estimated value which might be obtained in a transaction between unrelated parties under current market conditions. US GAAP establishes a framework for measuring assets and liabilities at fair value, as well as certain financial instruments classified in equity. The framework provides a fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities and minimizes unobservable inputs, which are inputs for which market data are not available and that are developed by management using the best information available to develop assumptions about the value market participants might place on the asset to be sold or liability to be transferred.

The three levels of the fair value hierarchy consist of:

Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted market prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access at the measurement date (such as active exchange-traded equity securities and certain U.S. and government agency debt securities).

Level 2 - Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as:

–Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets (such as U.S. agency and government sponsored mortgage-backed securities)

–Quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in less active markets (such as certain U.S. and government agency debt securities, and corporate and municipal debt securities that trade infrequently)

–Other inputs that are observable for substantially the full term of the asset or liability (i.e. interest rates, yield curves, prepayment speeds, default rates, etc.).

Level 3 - Valuation techniques that require unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and are significant to the fair value measurement of the asset or liability (such as pricing and discounted cash flow models that typically reflect management’s estimates of the assumptions a market participant would use in pricing the asset or liability).

A description of the valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities recorded at fair value, and for estimating fair value for financial and non-financial instruments not recorded at fair value, is set forth below.

Cash and due from banks, restricted cash, and accrued interest receivable and payable

The carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value and accordingly these are classified as Level 1. These financial instruments are not recorded at fair value on a recurring basis.

Available-for-sale securities

The fair value of securities available for sale (carried at fair value) are determined by obtaining quoted market prices on nationally recognized securities exchanges (Level 1), or matrix pricing (Level 2), which is a mathematical technique used widely in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted market prices for the specific securities, but rather by relying on the securities' relationship to other benchmark quoted prices, or using unobservable inputs employing various techniques and assumptions (Level 3).

35

PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Other Investments

The Bank’s investment portfolio includes the Solomon Hess SBA Loan Fund, which is utilized by the Bank to satisfy its Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”) lending requirements. As this fund operates as a private fund, shares in the fund are not publicly traded but may be redeemed with 60 days’ notice at cost. For that reason, the carrying amount was considered comparable to fair value at both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 due to its short-term nature.

Federal Reserve Bank Stock and Federal Home Loan Bank Stock

Shares in the FRB and FHLB are purchased and redeemed based upon their $100 par value. The stocks are non-marketable equity securities, and as such, are considered restricted securities that are carried at cost.

Loans

The fair value of loan portfolio is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using the rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and for the same remaining maturities. We estimate the fair value of our loan portfolio using an exit price notion resulting in prior periods no longer being comparable. The exit price notion requires determination of the price at which willing market participants would transact at the measurement date under current market conditions depending on facts and circumstances, such as origination rates, credit risk, transaction costs, liquidity, national and regional market trends and other adjustments, utilizing publicly available rates and indices. The application of an exit price notion requires the use of significant judgment.

Loans Held for Sale

The fair value of loans held for sale is estimated by using a market approach that includes prices for loans sold awaiting settlement and other observable inputs. The Company has determined that the inputs used to value the loans held for sale fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

SBA Servicing Asset

Servicing assets do not trade in an active, open market with readily observable prices. The Company estimates the fair value of servicing assets using discounted cash flow models incorporating numerous assumptions from the perspective of a market participant including market discount rates and prepayment speeds. Due to the significant unobservable input related to the servicing rights, the SBA servicing asset is classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.

Other Real Estate Owned

The fair value of OREO the Bank may obtain is based on current appraised property value less estimated costs to sell. When fair value is based on unadjusted current appraised value, OREO is classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Patriot classifies OREO within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy when unobservable inputs are used to determine adjustments to appraised values. Patriot does not record OREO at fair value on a recurring basis, but rather initially records OREO at fair value on a non-recurring basis and then monitors property and market conditions that may indicate a change in value is warranted.

Derivative asset (liability) - Interest Rate Swaps

The Company’s derivative assets and liabilities consist of transactions as part of management’s strategy to manage interest rate risk. The valuation of interest rate swap agreements does not contain any counterparty risk. The valuation of the Company’s interest rate swaps is obtained from a third-party pricing service and is determined using a discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative. The pricing analysis is based on observable inputs for the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity and interest rate curves. The Company has determined that the inputs used to value its interest rate derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. See Note 8 for additional disclosures on derivatives.

36

PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Deposits

The fair value of demand deposits, regular savings and certain money market deposits is the amount payable on demand at the reporting date.

The fair value of certificates of deposit and other time deposits is estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities, estimated using local market data, to a schedule of aggregated expected maturities on such deposits. Patriot does not record deposits at fair value on a recurring basis.

Senior Notes, Subordinated Notes, and Junior Subordinated Debt and Note Payable

Patriot does not record senior notes at fair value on a recurring basis. The fair value of the senior notes was estimated by discounting future cash flows at rates at which similar notes would be made. The carrying value is considered comparable to fair value.

Patriot does not record subordinated notes at fair value on a recurring basis. The fair value of the subordinated notes was estimated by discounting future cash flows at rates at which similar notes would be made. The carrying value is considered comparable to fair value.

Patriot does not record junior subordinated debt at fair value on a recurring basis. Junior subordinated debt reprices quarterly, as a result, the carrying amount is considered a reasonable estimate of fair value.

The Company considers its own credit worthiness in determining the fair value of its senior notes, subordinated notes, notes payable and junior subordinated debt.

Federal Home Loan Bank Borrowings

The fair value of FHLB advances is estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies current FHLB interest rates for advances of similar maturity to a schedule of maturities of such advances. Patriot does not record FHLB advances at fair value on a recurring basis.

Off-balance sheet financial instruments

Off-balance sheet financial instruments are based on interest rate changes and fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the counterparties’ credit standing. Patriot does not record the off-balance-sheet financial instruments (i.e., commitments to extend credit) at fair value on a recurring basis.

37

PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following table provides a comparison of the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of Patriot’s financial assets and liabilities as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

(In thousands)		March 31, 2024				December 31, 2023
	Fair Value Hierarchy	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value
Financial Assets:
Cash and noninterest bearing balances due from banks	Level 1	$	2,409	$	2,409	$	2,195	$	2,195
Interest-bearing deposits due from banks	Level 1	61,580		61,580		50,322		50,322
Restricted cash	Level 1	28,786		28,786		14,019		14,019
Available-for-sale securities	Level 2	77,406		77,406		78,925		78,925
Available-for-sale securities	Level 3	10,189		10,189		10,262		10,262
Other investments	Level 2	4,450		4,450		4,450		4,450
Federal Reserve Bank stock	Level 2	2,200		2,200		2,090		2,090
Federal Home Loan Bank stock	Level 2	2,652		2,652		4,202		4,202
Loans receivable, net	Level 3	796,546		769,789		832,934		812,856
Loans held for sale	Level 2	14,112		14,200		20,767		21,557
SBA servicing assets	Level 3	902		988		857		932
Other real estate owned	Level 2	2,843		2,843		2,843		2,843
Accrued interest receivable	Level 2	6,610		6,610		7,219		7,219
Interest rate swap receivable	Level 2	97		97		74		74
Financial assets, total		$	1,010,782	$	984,199	$	1,031,159	$	1,011,946
Financial Liabilities:
Demand deposits	Level 2	$	109,265	$	109,265	$	110,056	$	110,056
Negotiable order of withdrawal accounts	Level 2	29,460		29,460		33,035		33,035
Savings deposits	Level 2	39,378		39,378		44,104		44,104
Interest bearing DDA	Level 2	183,084		183,084		171,577		171,577
Money market deposits	Level 2	184,653		184,653		200,280		200,280
Time deposits	Level 2	246,312		245,493		240,733		239,655
Brokered deposits	Level 1	67,572		65,085		40,526		40,453
FHLB, FRB and correspondent bank borrowings	Level 2	131,000		130,510		171,000		170,171
Senior notes	Level 2	11,757		11,364		11,723		11,397
Subordinated debt	Level 2	9,876		9,910		9,869		10,102
Junior subordinated debt owed to unconsolidated trust	Level 2	8,139		8,139		8,137		8,137
Note payable	Level 3	323		314		376		362
Accrued interest payable	Level 2	1,791		1,791		1,235		1,235
Interest rate swap liability	Level 2	97		97		74		74
Financial liabilities, total		$	1,022,707	$	1,018,543	$	1,042,725	$	1,040,638

The carrying amount of cash and noninterest bearing balances due from banks, restricted cash, interest-bearing deposits due from banks, and demand deposits approximates fair value, due to the short-term nature and high turnover of these balances. These amounts are included in the table above for informational purposes.

38

PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

In the normal course of its operations, Patriot assumes interest rate risk (i.e., the risk that general interest rate levels will fluctuate). As a result, the fair value of Patriot’s financial assets and liabilities are affected when interest market rates change, which change may be either favorable or unfavorable. Management attempts to mitigate interest rate risk by matching the maturities of its financial assets and liabilities. However, borrowers with fixed rate obligations are less likely to prepay their obligations in a rising interest rate environment and more likely to prepay their obligations in a falling interest rate environment. Conversely, depositors receiving fixed rates are more likely to withdraw funds before maturity in a rising interest rate environment and less likely to do so in a falling interest rate environment. Management monitors market rates of interest and the maturities of its financial assets and financial liabilities, adjusting the terms of new loans and deposits in an attempt to minimize interest rate risk. Additionally, management mitigates its overall interest rate risk through its available funds investment strategy.

The following tables detail the financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and the valuation techniques utilized relative to the fair value hierarchy, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

(In thousands)	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
March 31, 2024:
U. S. Government agency and mortgage-backed securities	$	—	$	65,480	$	—	$	65,480
Corporate bonds	—		3,500		10,189		13,689
Subordinated notes	—		4,245		—		4,245
SBA loan pools	—		3,703		—		3,703
Municipal bonds	—		478		—		478
Available-for-sale securities	$	—	$	77,406	$	10,189	$	87,595
Interest rate swap receivable	$	—	$	97	$	—	$	97
Interest rate swap liability	$	—	$	97	$	—	$	97
December 31, 2023:
U. S. Government agency and mortgage-backed securities	$	—	$	65,671	$	—	$	65,671
Corporate bonds	—		3,504		10,262		13,766
Subordinated notes	—		4,227		—		4,227
SBA loan pools	—		5,037		—		5,037
Municipal bonds	—		486		—		486
Available-for-sale securities	$	—	$	78,925	$	10,262	$	89,187
Interest rate swap receivable	$	—	$	74	$	—	$	74
Interest rate swap liability	$	—	$	74	$	—	$	74

Patriot measures certain financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value on a non-recurring basis. When circumstances dictate (e.g., impairment of long-lived assets, other than temporary impairment of collateral value), the carrying values of such financial assets and financial liabilities are adjusted to fair value or fair value less costs to sell, as may be appropriate.

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, four corporate bonds were classified as Level 3 instruments. The fair values of these securities were determined using a present value approach. The discount rate assumed was determined based on unobservable inputs in a pricing model. During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had no transfers into or out of Levels 1, 2 or 3.

39

PATRIOT NATIONAL BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 for Level 3 available-for-sale securities is as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands)	2024		2023
Level 3 fair value, beginning of period	$	10,262	$	9,427
Purchases	—		—
Realized gain (loss)	—		—
Unrealized gain (loss)	(73)		778
Transfers in and /or out of Level 3	—		—
Level 3 fair value, end of period	$	10,189	$	10,205

The table below presents the valuation methodology and unobservable inputs for level 3 assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

(In thousands)	Fair Value		Valuation Methodology	Unobservable Inputs	Range of Inputs
March 31, 2024:
Individually evaluated loans, net	$	19,169	Real Estate Appraisals	Discount for appraisal type	5.8	%	-	20%
SBA servicing assets	988		Discounted Cash Flows	Market discount rates	14.73	%	-	14.90%
December 31, 2023:
Impaired loans, net	$	12,928	Real Estate Appraisals	Discount for appraisal type	5.8	%	-	20%
SBA servicing assets	932		Discounted Cash Flows	Market discount rates	14.73	%	-	14.90%

Patriot discloses fair value information about financial instruments, whether or not recognized in the consolidated balance sheet, for which it is practicable to estimate that value. Certain financial instruments are excluded from disclosure requirements and, accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts presented do not necessarily represent the complete underlying value of financial instruments included in the consolidated financial statements.

The estimated fair value amounts have been measured as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, and have not been reevaluated or updated for purposes of these consolidated financial statements subsequent to those respective dates. As such, the estimated fair values of the financial instruments measured may be different than if they had been subsequently valued.

The information presented should not be interpreted as an estimate of the total fair value of Patriot’s assets and liabilities, since only a portion of Patriot’s assets and liabilities are required to be measured at fair value for financial reporting purposes. Due to the wide range of valuation techniques and the degree of subjectivity used in making the estimates, comparisons between Patriot’s fair value disclosures and those of other bank holding companies may not be meaningful.

Note 13.    Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated all events or transactions that occurred through the date the Company issued these financial statements. During this period, the Company did not have any material recognizable or non-recognizable subsequent events.

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Item 2: Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

"Safe Harbor" Statement Under Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains statements that relate to future events and expectations and, as such, constitute forward-looking statements, within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Certain statements, other than purely historical information, including estimates, projections, statements relating to our strategies, outlook, business and financial prospects, business plans, objectives, and expected operating results, and the assumptions upon which those statements are based, are “forward-looking statements.” These forward-looking statements generally are identified by the words “believes,” “project,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “intends,” “strategy,” “plan,” “may,” “will,” “would,” “will be,” “will continue,” “will likely result,” and similar expressions. Forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and assumptions that are subject to risks and uncertainties which may cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance. Although Patriot believes that the expectations reflected in any forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, these expectations may not be attained and it is possible that actual results may differ materially from those indicated by these forward-looking statements due to a variety of risks, uncertainties and changes in circumstances, many of which are beyond Patriot’s control.

Many possible events or factors could affect Patriot’s future financial results and performance and could cause the actual results, performance or achievements of Patriot to differ materially from any anticipated results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Such risks and uncertainties include, among others:

(1)changes in prevailing interest rates which would affect the interest earned on the Company’s interest earning assets and the interest paid on its interest bearing liabilities;

(2)the timing of re-pricing of the Company’s interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities;

(3)the effect of changes in governmental monetary policy;

(4)the effect of changes in regulations applicable to the Company and the Bank and the conduct of its business;

(5)changes in competition among financial service companies, including possible further encroachment of non-banks on services traditionally provided by banks;

(6)the ability of competitors that are larger than the Company to provide products and services which it is impracticable for the Company to provide;

(7)the state of the economy and real estate values in the Company’s market areas, and the consequent effect on the quality of the Company’s loans;

(8)demand for loans and deposits in our market area;

(9)recent governmental initiatives that are expected to have a profound effect on the financial services industry and could dramatically change the competitive environment of the Company;

(10)other legislative or regulatory changes, including those related to residential mortgages, changes in accounting standards, and Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) premiums that may adversely affect the Company;

(11)the application of generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”), consistently applied;

(12)the fact that one period of reported results may not be indicative of future periods;

(13)the state of the economy in the greater New York metropolitan area and its particular effect on the Company's customers, vendors and communities and other such factors, including risk factors, as may be described in the Company’s other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”);

(14)political, social, legal and economic instability, civil unrest, war, catastrophic events, acts of terrorism;

(15)possible future outbreaks of infectious diseases, including the ongoing novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak;

(16)changes in the level and direction of loan delinquencies and write-offs and changes in estimates of the adequacy of the allowance for c losses;

(17)our ability to access cost-effective funding;

(18)our ability to implement and change our business strategies;

(19)changes in the quality or composition of our loan or investment portfolios;

(20)technological changes that may be more difficult or expensive than expected;

(21)our ability to manage market risk, credit risk and operational risk in the current economic environment;

(22)our ability to enter new markets successfully and capitalize on growth opportunities;

(23)changes in consumer spending, borrowing and savings habits;

(24)our ability to retain key employees;

(25)our compensation expense associated with equity allocated or awarded to our employees; and

(26)the premiums paid for the guaranteed portion of SBA loans by third party investors.

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The risks and uncertainties included here are not exhaustive. In addition to those included herein further information concerning our business, including additional factors that could materially affect our financial results, is included in our other filings with the SEC, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 (the “2023 Form 10-K”). Further, it is not possible to assess the effect of all risk factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. Given these risks and uncertainties, investors should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements as a prediction of actual results. In addition, we disclaim any obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that occur after the date of this report.

Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and to disclose contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Management has identified the accounting for the allowance for loan and lease losses, the analysis and valuation of its investment securities, the valuation of deferred tax assets, the impairment of goodwill, the valuation of derivatives, and the valuation of servicing assets as certain of the Company’s most critical accounting policies and estimates in that they are important to the portrayal of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. They require management’s most subjective and complex judgment as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. Refer to the 2023 Form 10-K for additional information.

Summary

The Company reported net loss of $299,000 ($0.08 basic and diluted loss per share) for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, compared to a net loss of $699,000 ($(0.18) basic and diluted loss per share) for the quarter ended March 31, 2023.

During the first quarter of 2024, net interest income declined $2.6 million, compared to the first quarter of 2023 due to an intentional decline in loan balances and higher deposit and wholesale funding costs associated with higher market interest rates. The Bank reported a decrease in loans of $38.5 million in the first quarter of 2024, from $848.9 million at December 31, 2023 to $810.3 million at March 31, 2024. The Company has continued the trend of restricting loan growth and allowing loans to pay down as the balance sheet is reduced in order to strengthen capital ratios.

FINANCIAL CONDITION

Total assets decreased $20.2 million to $1.07 billion as of March 31, 2024, compared to $1.09 billion at December 31, 2023, primarily due to the decline in loans receivable of $38.5 million as of March 31, 2024.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash increased from $66.5 million at December 31, 2023 to $92.8 million at March 31, 2024. The increase in three months ended March 31, 2024 reflects the intention to boost balance sheet liquidity.

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Investments

The following table is a summary of the Company’s investment securities portfolio, at fair value, at the dates shown:

	March 31,		December 31,		Increase /(Decrease)
(In thousands)	2024		2023		($)		(%)
U. S. Government agency and mortgage-backed securities	$	65,480	$	65,671	$	(191)	-0.29	%
Corporate bonds	13,689		13,766		(77)		-0.56	%
Subordinated notes	4,245		4,227		18		0.43	%
SBA loan pools	3,703		5,037		(1,334)		-26.48	%
Municipal bonds	478		486		(8)		-1.65	%
Total available-for-sale securities, at fair value	87,595		89,187		(1,592)		-1.79	%
Other investments, at cost	4,450		4,450		—		—	%
Total investment securities	$	92,045	$	93,637	$	(1,592)	-1.70	%

Total investments decreased by $1.6 million, from $93.6 million at December 31, 2023 to $92.0 million at March 31, 2024. The decrease in the three months ended March 31, 2024 was primarily attributable to sale and repayment of available-for-sale securities totaling $3.3 million, which was partially offset by an increase in purchase of available-for-sale securities of $2.3 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Bank sold available-for-sale securities of $2.3 million and recognized a net loss of $24,000.

Loans held for investment

The following table provides the composition of the Company’s loan held for investment portfolio as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023:

(In thousands)	March 31, 2024				December 31, 2023
	Amount		%		Amount		%
Loan portfolio segment:
Commercial Real Estate	$	462,547	57.08	%	$	472,093	55.62	%
Residential Real Estate	102,881		12.70	%	106,783		12.58	%
Commercial and Industrial	148,420		18.32	%	163,565		19.27	%
Consumer and Other	89,772		11.08	%	99,688		11.74	%
Construction	4,239		0.52	%	4,266		0.50	%
Construction to permanent - CRE	2,464		0.30	%	2,464		0.29	%
Loans receivable, gross	810,323		100.00	%	848,859		100.00	%
Allowance for credit losses	(13,777)				(15,925)
Loans receivable, net	$	796,546			$	832,934

The Company’s loan portfolio decreased $38.5 million, from $848.9 million at December 31, 2023 to $810.3 million at March 31, 2024. The Company has continued the trend of restricting loan growth and allowing loans to pay down as the balance sheet is reduced in order to strengthen capital ratios.

SBA loans held for investment were included in the commercial real estate loans and commercial and industrial loan classifications above. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, SBA loans included in the commercial and industrial loans were $16.7 million and $17.1 million, respectively. SBA loans included in the commercial real estate loans were $18.4 million and $12.9 million, respectively.

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At March 31, 2024, the net loan to deposit ratio was 92.7% and the net loan to total assets ratio was 74.2%. At December 31, 2023, these ratios were 99.1% and 76.2%, respectively.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The allowance for credit losses on loans was $13.8 million as of March 31, 2024, compared to allowance for credit losses of $15.9 million as of December 31, 2023. The decrease in allowance was mainly due to reduction in loan balances and the recognition of charge-offs on the unsecured consumer loan portfolio. Based upon the overall assessment and evaluation of the loan portfolio at March 31, 2024, management believes $13.8 million in the allowance for credit losses, which represented 1.70% of gross loans outstanding, is adequate under prevailing economic conditions to absorb existing losses in the loan portfolio.

The following table provides detail of activity in the allowance for credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands)	2024			2023
Balance at beginning of the period	$	15,925		$	10,310
Charge-offs:
Commercial Real Estate	(158)			—
Residential Real Estate	(21)			—
Commercial and Industrial	(410)			(2)
Consumer and Other	(2,523)			(1,796)
Total charge-offs	(3,112)			(1,798)
Recoveries:
Commercial and Industrial	6			7
Consumer and Other	305			173
Total recoveries	311			180
Net charge-offs	(2,801)			(1,618)
Impact of CECL adoption	—			13,001
Provision for credit losses	653			3,087
Balance at end of the period	$	13,777		$	24,780
Ratios:
Net charge-offs to average loans	(0.33)		%	(0.19)		%
Allowance for credit losses to total loans	1.70		%	2.82		%

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The following table provides an allocation of allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment:

(In thousands)	March 31, 2024				December 31, 2023
	Allowance for credit losses		Percent of loans in each category to total loans		Allowance for credit losses		Percent of loans in each category to total loans
Commercial Real Estate	$	5,620	57.08	%	$	6,089	55.62	%
Residential Real Estate	671		12.70	%	607		12.58	%
Commercial and Industrial	1,199		18.32	%	1,269		19.27	%
Consumer and Other	6,280		11.08	%	7,843		11.74	%
Construction	7		0.52	%	4		0.50	%
Construction to permanent - CRE	—		0.30	%	113		0.29	%
Total Allowance for credit losses	$	13,777	100.00	%	$	15,925	100.00	%

Non-performing Assets

The following table presents non-performing assets as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

	March 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
Non-accruing loans:
Commercial Real Estate	$	12,462		$	12,775
Commercial and Industrial	3,003			3,921
Consumer and Other	721			977
Construction	429			454
Construction to Permanent - CRE	2,464			—
Total non-accruing loans	19,079			18,127
Loans past due over 90 days and still accruing	479			341
Other real estate owned	$	2,843		$	2,843
Total nonperforming assets	$	22,401		$	21,311
Nonperforming assets to total assets	2.09		%	1.95		%
Nonperforming loans to total loans, net	2.46		%	2.22		%

As of March 31, 2024, the $19.1 million of non-accrual loans were individually evaluated for impairment, and a specific reserve of $3.3 million was established for them. For collateral dependent loans, the Bank has obtained appraisal reports from independent licensed appraisal firms and discounted those values based on the Bank’s experience selling OREO properties and for estimated selling costs to determine estimated impairment. For cash flow dependent loans, the Bank determined the reserve based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate.

Loans held for sale

SBA loans held for sale totaled $1.3 million and $9.9 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. SBA loans held for sale represent the guaranteed portion of SBA loans and are reflected at the lower of aggregate cost or market value. SBA loans held for sale at March 31, 2024 consisted of $1.3 million SBA commercial real estate loans. SBA loans held for sale at December 31, 2023, consisted of $3.5 million SBA commercial and industrial loans and $6.4 million SBA commercial real estate loans, respectively.

As of March 31, 2024, the credit card loans held for sale from Digital Payments division totaled $12.8 million. The credit card loans expected to be held for no longer than three days before being sold. The credit card receivable are fully cash-secured by deposits at Patriot. The credit card loans are sold to the third party as a whole loan sale transaction, priced at Par, thus there is no servicing asset or gain or loss on sale.

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Deferred Taxes

Deferred tax assets were $24.2 million and $24.1 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Deferred tax assets consist predominately of state net operating losses, capitalized costs and allowances for credit losses.

The effective tax provision rate for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was 28.3%, compared to the effective tax benefit rate of (26.9)% for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The Company’s effective rates for both periods was affected by state taxes and non-deductible expenses.

Patriot anticipates utilizing the state net operating loss carry forwards to reduce income taxes otherwise payable on future years taxable income.

Patriot evaluates its ability to realize its net deferred tax assets on a quarterly basis. In doing so, management considers all available evidence, both positive and negative, to determine whether it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be realized. In addition, management assesses tax attributes including available tax planning strategies and state net operating loss carry-forwards that do not begin to expire until the year of 2030. No valuation allowance was recorded as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The Company will continue to evaluate its ability to realize its net deferred tax assets. If future evidence suggests that it is more likely than not that additional deferred tax assets will not be realized, the valuation allowance will be adjusted.

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Deposits

The following table is a summary of the Company’s deposits at the dates shown:

(In thousands)	March 31,			December 31,			Increase/(Decrease)
	2024			2023			$		%
Non-interest bearing:
Non-interest bearing	$	92,814		$	95,109		$	(2,295)	(2.41)	%
Non-interest bearing DDA- Digital Payments	16,451			14,947			1,504		10.06	%
Total non-interest bearing	109,265			110,056			(791)		(0.72)	%
Interest bearing:
Negotiable order of withdrawal accounts (NOW)	29,460			33,035			(3,575)		(10.82)	%
Savings	39,378			44,104			(4,726)		(10.72)	%
Interest bearing DDA	183,084			171,577			11,507		6.71	%
Money market	153,243			166,294			(13,051)		(7.85)	%
Money market - Digital Payments	31,410			33,986			(2,576)		(7.58)	%
Certificates of deposit, less than $250,000	172,386			175,988			(3,602)		(2.05)	%
Certificates of deposit, $250,000 or greater	73,926			64,745			9,181		14.18	%
Brokered deposits	67,572			40,526			27,046		66.74	%
Total Interest bearing	750,459			730,255			20,204		2.77	%
Total Deposits	$	859,724		$	840,311		$	19,413	2.31	%
Total Digital Payments deposits	$	206,214		$	213,383		$	(7,169)	(3.36)	%
Total retail bank deposits	$	392,916		$	394,819		$	(1,903)	(0.48)	%
Total uninsured deposits	266,035			334,300			(68,265)		(20.42)	%
Uninsured deposits to total deposits	30.94		%	39.78		%
Uninsured deposits to total deposits excluding Digital Payments deposits	17.62		%	20.06		%

Borrowings

Total borrowings were $161.1 million and $201.1 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Borrowings consist primarily of FHLB advances, an FRB borrowing, senior notes, subordinated notes, junior subordinated debentures and a note payable. The senior notes, subordinated notes and junior subordinated debentures contain affirmative covenants that require the Company to maintain its and its subsidiaries’ legal entity and tax status, pay its income tax obligations on a timely basis, and comply with SEC and FDIC reporting requirements.

Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings

The Company is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston ("FHLB-B"). Borrowings from the FHLB-B are limited to a percentage of the value of qualified collateral, as defined on the FHLB-B Statement of Products Policy. Qualified collateral, as defined, primarily consists of mortgage-backed securities and loans receivable that are required to be free and clear of liens and encumbrances, and may not be pledged for any other purposes.

FHLB-B advances are structured to facilitate the Bank’s management of its balance sheet and liquidity requirements. Outstanding advances from the FHLB-B decreased from $101.0 million at December 31, 2023 to $61.0 million at March 31, 2024.

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At March 31, 2024, the FHLB-B advances bore fixed rates of interest ranging from 2.40% to 5.52% with remaining maturities ranging from 1 day to 5 months, and have a weighted average interest rate of 4.01%.

At March 31, 2024, collateral for FHLB-B borrowings consisted of a mixture of real estate loans and securities with book value of $248.8 million. Remaining unused borrowing capacity under this line totaled $98.1 million at March 31, 2024.

In addition, Patriot has a $2.0 million revolving line of credit with the FHLB-B. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, no funds had been borrowed under the line of credit.

Interest expense incurred for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023 were $359,000 and $1.4 million, respectively.

Correspondent Bank - Line of Credit

Patriot has entered into unsecured federal funds sweep and federal funds line of credit facility agreements with certain correspondent banks. Borrowings available under the agreements totaled $22.0 million at both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The purpose of the agreements is to provide a credit facility intended to satisfy overnight federal account balance requirements and to provide for daily settlement of FRB, Automated Clearing House (ACH), and other clearinghouse transactions.

There was no outstanding balance under the agreements at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. Interest expense incurred for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023 was $2,000 and $63,000, respectively.

Other Borrowing

The Federal Reserve Bank of New York (“FRBNY”) accepts loan pledges from qualifying depository institutions to secure borrowings from the Discount Window. Patriot has pledged eligible loans as collateral to support its borrowing capacity at the FRBNY. As of March 31, 2024, the book value of the pledged loans totaled $15.1 million, with a collateral value of $11.4 million. No funds were borrowed from the Discount Window under the FRBNY's Borrower-in-Custody ('BIC") program and no interest expense was incurred for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023.

In July 2023, the Bank established a collateralized funding line of $73.8 million at par value under the Federal Reserve's temporary Bank Term Funding Program ("BTFP"). The program provided additional funding to eligible depository institutions, assuring they can meet the needs of all their depositors. The program served as an additional source of liquidity against high-quality securities, eliminating the need of an institution to quickly sell those securities in times of stress. The line allowed for a fixed rate borrowing at market rates, for up to one year, with repayment permitted at any time without penalty. The BTFP ceased allowing any new advances after March 11, 2024. As of March 31, 2024, the collateral value of the pledged securities was $70.5 million. Patriot borrowed a total of $70.0 million under the BTFP. Interest expense incurred for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $853,000. No Interest expense was incurred for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Senior notes

On December 22, 2016, the Company issued $12 million of senior notes ("2016 Senior Notes") bearing interest at 7% per annum. On November 17, 2021, the original maturity date of the 2016 Senior Notes was extended from December 22, 2021 to June 30, 2022.

On June 22, 2022, the Company amended and restated the 2016 Senior Notes. The maturity date of the Senior Notes was further extended to December 31, 2022, and the interest rate increased from (i) 7% to 7.25% from July 1, 2022 until September 30, 2022 and (ii) from 7.25% to 7.50% thereafter. The 2016 Senior Notes was repaid in December 2022.

On December 21, 2022, the Company completed an issuance and sale of $12 million in aggregate principal amount of 8.50% fixed rate senior notes due January 15, 2026 (“2022 Senior Notes”). In connection with the issuance of the 2022 Senior Notes, the Company incurred $360,000 of costs, which are being amortized over the term of the 2022 Senior Notes to recognize a constant rate of interest expense. At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, $243,000 and $277,000 of unamortized debt issuance costs were deducted from the face amount of the 2022 Subordinated Notes included in the Consolidated Balance Sheet, respectively.

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The 2022 Senior Note Purchase Agreement contains certain customary representations, warranties, and covenants made by each of the Company and the Purchasers. The 2022 Senior Notes are not subject to any sinking fund and are not convertible into or exchangeable for any other securities or assets of the Company or any of its subsidiaries. The 2022 Senior Notes are not subject to redemption at the option of the holders. Principal and interest on the 2022 Senior Notes are subject to acceleration only in limited circumstances. The 2022 Senior Notes are an unsecured, unsubordinated obligation and ranks equally in right of payment to all of the Company’s existing and future unsecured indebtedness, liabilities and other obligations that are not subordinated in right of payment to the Senior Note, and will be effectively subordinated to any of the Company’s existing and future secured indebtedness, to the extent of the value of the collateral securing such indebtedness. The 2022 Senior Notes are the obligations of the Company only and are not obligations of, and are not guaranteed by, any of the Company’s affiliates.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized interest expense of $290,000 and $290,000, respectively.

Subordinated notes

On June 29, 2018, the Company entered into certain subordinated note purchase agreements with two institutional accredited investors and completed a private placement of $10 million of fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes with the maturity date of September 30, 2028 (the “Subordinated Notes”) pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Rule 506(b) of Regulation D promulgated thereunder.

The Subordinated Notes initially bear interest at 6.25% per annum, from and including June 29, 2018, to but excluding, June 30, 2023, payable semi-annually in arrears. From and including June 30, 2023, until but excluding June 30, 2028 or an early redemption date, the interest rate shall reset quarterly to an interest rate per annum equal to the then current three-month LIBOR, which was replaced by SOFR in 2023 (but not less than zero) plus 332.5 basis points, payable quarterly in arrears. The Company may, at its option, beginning on June 30, 2023 and on any scheduled interest payment date thereafter, redeem the Subordinated Notes.

In connection with the issuance of the Subordinated Notes, the Company incurred $291,000 of debt issuance costs, which are being amortized over the term of the Subordinated Notes to recognize a constant rate of interest expense. At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, $124,000 and $131,000 of unamortized debt issuance costs were deducted from the face amount of the Subordinated Notes included in the Consolidated Balance Sheet, respectively.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized interest expense of $227,000 and $163,000, respectively.

Junior subordinated debt owed to unconsolidated trust

In 2003, the Patriot National Statutory Trust I (“the Trust”), which has no independent assets and is wholly-owned by the Company, issued $8.0 million of trust preferred securities. The proceeds, net of a $240,000 placement fee, were invested in junior subordinated debentures issued by the Company, which invested the proceeds in the Bank. The Bank used the proceeds to fund its operations.

Trust preferred securities currently qualify for up to 25% of the Company’s Tier 1 Capital, with the excess qualifying as Tier 2 Capital.

The junior subordinated debentures are unsecured obligations of the Company. The debentures are subordinate and junior in right of payment to all present and future senior indebtedness of the Company. In addition to its obligations under the junior subordinated debentures and in conjunction with the Trust, the Company issued an unconditional guarantee of the trust preferred securities.

The junior subordinated debentures bear interest at three-month SOFR plus 3.15% and mature on March 26, 2033, at which time the principal amount borrowed will be due. The placement fee of $240,000 is amortized and included as a component of the periodic interest expense on the junior subordinated debentures, in order to produce a constant rate of interest expense. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the unamortized placement fee deducted from the face amount of the junior subordinated debt owed to the unconsolidated trust amounted to $109,000 and $111,000, respectively, and accrued interest on the junior subordinated debentures was $12,000 and $12,000, respectively.

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For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized interest expense of $179,000 and $163,000, respectively.

At its option, exercisable on a quarterly basis, the Company may redeem the junior subordinated debentures from the Trust, which would then redeem the trust preferred securities.

Note Payable

In September 2015, the Bank purchased the property in which its Fairfield, Connecticut branch is located for approximately $2.0 million, a property it had been leasing until that date. The purchase price was primarily satisfied by issuing the seller a $2.0 million, nine-year, promissory note bearing interest at a fixed rate of 1.75% per annum. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the note had a balance outstanding of $323,000 and $376,000, respectively. The note matures in August 2024 and requires a balloon payment of approximately $234,000 at that time. The note is secured by a first Mortgage Deed and Security Agreement on the purchased property.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized interest expense of $1,000 and $2,000, respectively.

Derivatives

As of March 31, 2024, Patriot has two interest rate swaps (“swaps”). One swaps is with a loan customer to provide a facility to mitigate the fluctuations in the variable rate on the respective loan. The other swaps is with an outside third party. The customer interest rate swaps is matched in offsetting terms to the third party interest rate swaps. The swaps are reported at fair value in other assets or other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Patriot’s swaps are derivatives, but are not designated as hedging instruments, thus any net gain or loss resulting from changes in the fair value is recognized in other noninterest income. The Company recognized no gain on the swaps for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

Further discussion of the fair value of derivatives is set forth in Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements.

Equity

Equity decreased $746,000, from $44.4 million at December 31, 2023 to $43.6 million at March 31, 2024, primarily due to a net loss of $299,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2024, and a net unrealized holding loss for investment portfolio of $471,000.

Off-Balance Sheet Commitments

The Company’s off-balance sheet commitments primarily consist of commitments to lend of $98.9 million and $92.5 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

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Average Balances

The following tables present daily average balance sheets, interest income, interest expense and the corresponding yields earned and rates paid for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:

(In thousands)	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024						2023
	Average Balance		Interest		Yield		Average Balance		Interest		Yield
ASSETS
Interest Earning Assets:
Loans	$	841,077	$	12,648	6.03	%	$	860,291	$	12,550	5.92	%
Investments	97,012		732		3.02	%	99,699		815		3.27	%
Cash equivalents and other	46,736		621		5.33	%	27,613		281		4.13	%
Total interest earning assets	984,825		14,001		5.70	%	987,603		13,646		5.60	%
Cash and due from banks	2,679						5,381
Allowance for credit losses	(14,755)						(22,677)
OREO	2,843						—
Other assets	69,798						70,509
Total Assets	$	1,045,390					$	1,040,816
Liabilities
Interest bearing liabilities:
Deposits	$	746,101	$	6,686	3.59	%	$	624,427	$	3,579	2.32	%
Borrowings	112,073		1,214		4.34	%	137,000		1,436		4.25	%
Senior notes	11,735		290		9.88	%	11,620		290		9.98	%
Subordinated debt	18,009		406		9.04	%	17,971		326		7.36	%
Note Payable	339		1		1.18	%	549		2		1.48	%
Total interest bearing liabilities	888,257		8,597		3.88	%	791,567		5,633		2.89	%
Demand deposits	105,812						191,012
Other liabilities	6,551						8,454
Total Liabilities	1,000,620						991,033
Shareholders' equity	44,770						49,783
Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity	$	1,045,390					$	1,040,816
Net interest income			$	5,404					$	8,013
Interest margin					2.20	%					3.29	%
Interest spread					1.82	%					2.71	%

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The following table presents the change in interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities by major category and the related change in the interest income earned and interest expense incurred thereon attributable to the change in transactional volume in the financial instruments and the rates of interest applicable thereto, comparing the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024 compared to 2023
(In thousands)	Increase/(Decrease)
	Volume		Rate		Total
Interest Earning Assets:
Loans	$	1,314	$	(1,216)	$	98
Investments	(55)		(28)		(83)
Cash equivalents and other	198		142		340
Total interest earning assets	1,457		(1,102)		355
Interest bearing liabilities:
Deposit	1,529		1,578		3,107
Borrowings	(244)		22		(222)
Senior notes	3		(3)		—
Subordinated debt	—		80		80
Note payable and other	(1)		—		(1)
Total interest bearing liabilities	1,287		1,677		2,964
Increase (decrease) in net interest income	$	170	$	(2,779)	$	(2,609)

Results of Operations

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, interest income and dividend income was $14.0 million, which increased $355,000 as compared to $13.6 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2023. Total interest expense was $8.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, which increased $3.0 million as compared to $5.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Net interest income decreased $2.6 million from $8.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 to $5.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The decline in 2024 reflects a lower loan balance and narrower net interest margin due to higher deposit costs.

The net interest margin was 2.20% for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared with 3.29% for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The decline in interest margins was primarily associated with an increase in the cost of deposits and other borrowings due to the significant rise in market interest rates, only partially mitigated by the rise in variable rate interest earning assets. The decline in net interest margin also reflected the lowering of loan balances during a period of rising interest rates.

Provision for Credit Losses

Provision for credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2024, amounted to $658,000. This encompassed a provision for credit losses on loans of $653,000 and a provision for credit losses on unfunded commitments of $5,000. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, a credit loss provision of $3.1 million, and a $867,000 credit of reserve for the off-balance-sheet exposure were recorded.

Non-interest income

Non-interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $2.25 million, compared to $835,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The increase was primarily attributable to higher non-interest income from the Bank's Digital Payments division.

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Non-interest expense

Non-interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2024 decreased to $7.2 million, compared to $7.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Provision for income taxes

The Company reported a provision for income taxes of $66,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to a benefit for income taxes of $257,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Liquidity

The Company’s balance sheet liquidity was 9.4% of total assets at March 31, 2024, compared to 8.7% at December 31, 2023. Liquidity including readily available off-balance sheet funding sources was 21.9% of total assets at March 31, 2024, compared to 18.6% at December 31, 2023. The readily available liquidity ratio remained well above the Company's 10% policy minimum.

The following categories of assets are considered balance sheet liquidity: cash and due from banks, federal funds sold (if any), short-term investments (if any), loans held for sale, and unpledged available-for-sale securities. In addition, off balance sheet funding sources include collateral-based borrowing available from the FHLB, correspondent bank borrowing lines, and brokered deposits subject to internal limitations.

Liquidity is a measure of the Company’s ability to generate adequate cash to meet its financial obligations. The principal cash requirements of a financial institution are to cover downward fluctuations in deposit accounts. Management believes the Company’s liquid assets provide sufficient coverage to satisfy loan demand, cover potential fluctuations in deposit accounts, and to meet other anticipated operational cash requirements.

Management manages its capital resources by seeking to maintain a capital structure that will ensure an adequate level of capital to support anticipated asset growth and absorb potential losses while effectively leveraging capital to enhance profitability and return to shareholders. Dividends have not been paid to shareholders since 2020 but may resume in future periods.

The primary source of liquidity at the Company is returns of capital from the Bank. These capital returns are subject to OCC approval and are needed periodically to provide funds needed to service debt payments at the Company.

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Capital

The following tables illustrate the Company’s and the Bank’s regulatory capital ratios at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:                                                

	March 31, 2024								December 31, 2023
	Patriot National Bancorp, Inc.				Patriot Bank, N.A.				Patriot National Bancorp, Inc.				Patriot Bank, N.A.
(Dollar amounts in thousands)	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio
Total Capital (to risk weighted assets)	$	86,996	9.95	%	$	98,464	11.26	%	$	89,727	10.00	%	$	100,683	11.22	%
Tier 1 Capital (to risk weighted assets)	69,440		7.94	%	90,908		10.40	%	73,282		8.17	%	94,238		10.50	%
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to risk weighted assets)	61,440		7.03	%	90,908		10.40	%	65,282		7.27	%	94,238		10.50	%
Tier 1 Leverage Capital (to average assets)	69,440		6.53	%	90,908		8.55	%	73,282		6.76	%	94,238		8.70	%

Capital adequacy is one of the most important factors used to determine the safety and soundness of individual banks and the banking system. From September 2021 to September 30, 2023, the Company elected to adopt the CBLR framework. In the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company elected to use the instituted regulatory risk-based capital approach.

Under the regulatory framework for prompt correction action, to be considered “well capitalized,” an institution must generally have a leverage capital ratio of at least 5.0%, CET1 capital ratio at least 6.5%, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of at least 8.0% and a total risk-based capital ratio of at least 10%. However, the OCC has the discretion to require increased capital ratios. Management continuously assesses the adequacy of the Bank’s capital with the goal to maintain a “well capitalized” classification.

Impact of Inflation and Changing Prices

The Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in terms of historical dollars, without considering changes in the relative purchasing power of money over time due to inflation. Unlike most industrial companies, virtually all of the assets and liabilities of a financial institution are monetary in nature. As a result, interest rates have a more significant impact on a financial institution’s performance than the effect of general levels of inflation. Interest rates do not necessarily move in the same direction or with the same magnitude as the prices of goods and services. Notwithstanding this, inflation can directly affect the value of loan collateral, in particular, real estate. Inflation, deflation or disinflation could significantly affect the Company’s earnings in future periods.

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Item 3: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Market risk is defined as the sensitivity of income to fluctuations in interest rates, foreign exchange rates, equity prices, commodity prices and other market-driven rates or prices. The Company’s market risk is primarily limited to interest rate risk.

The Company’s goal is to maximize long term profitability while minimizing its exposure to interest rate fluctuations. The first priority is to structure and price the Company’s assets and liabilities to maintain an acceptable interest rate spread while reducing the net effect of changes in interest rates. In order to accomplish this, the focus is on maintaining a proper balance between the timing and volume of assets and liabilities re-pricing within the balance sheet. One method of achieving this balance is to originate variable rate loans for the portfolio and purchase short-term investments to offset the increasing short-term re-pricing of the liability side of the balance sheet. In fact, a number of the interest-bearing deposit products have no contractual maturity. Therefore, deposit balances may run off unexpectedly due to changing market conditions. Additionally, loans and investments with longer term rate adjustment frequencies can be matched against longer term deposits and borrowings to lock in a desirable spread.

The exposure to interest rate risk is monitored by the Management Asset and Liability Committee consisting of senior management personnel. The Committee reviews the interrelationships within the balance sheet to maximize net interest income within acceptable levels of risk. This Committee reports to the Board of Directors. In addition to the Management Asset and Liability Committee, there is a Board Asset and Liability Committee (“ALCO”), which meets quarterly. ALCO monitors the interest rate risk analyses, reviews investment transactions during the period and determines compliance with the Company’s Investment, ALCO and Liquidity policies.

Management analyzes the Company’s interest rate sensitivity position to manage the risk associated with interest rate movements through the use of interest income simulation and gap analysis. The matching of assets and liabilities may be analyzed by examining the extent to which such assets and liabilities are “interest sensitive.” An asset or liability is said to be interest sensitive within a specific time period if it will mature or reprice within that time period.

Management’s goal is to manage asset and liability positions to moderate the effects of interest rate fluctuations on net interest income. Interest income simulations are completed quarterly and presented to ALCO. The simulations provide an estimate of the impact of changes in interest rates on net interest income under a range of assumptions. Changes to these assumptions can significantly affect the results of the simulations. The simulation incorporates assumptions regarding the potential timing in the repricing of certain assets and liabilities when market rates change and the changes in spreads between different market rates.

Simulation analysis is only an estimate of the Company’s interest rate risk exposure at a particular point in time. Management regularly reviews the potential effect changes in interest rates could have on the repayment of rate-sensitive assets and funding requirements of rate-sensitive liabilities.

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The tables below set forth examples of changes in estimated net interest income and the estimated net portfolio value based on projected scenarios of interest rate increases and decreases. The analyses indicate the rate risk embedded in the Company’s portfolio at the dates indicated should all interest rates instantaneously rise or fall. The results of these changes are added to or subtracted from the base case; however, there are certain limitations to these types of analyses. Rate changes are rarely instantaneous and these analyses may therefore overstate the impact of short-term repricings. In certain low interest rate environments, the calculated effects of the 100 and 200 basis point downward shocks cannot absolutely reflect the risk to earnings and equity, since the interest rates on certain balance sheet items have approached their minimums. Therefore, it is not possible for the analyses to fully measure the true impact of these downward shocks.

	Net Portfolio Value - Performance Summary
(In thousands)	As of March 31, 2024						As of December 31, 2023
Projected Interest Rate Scenario	Estimated Value		Change from Base ($)		Change from Base (%)		Estimated Value		Change from Base ($)		Change from Base (%)
+200	$	100,217	$	(12,205)	(10.86)	%	$	107,524	$	(5,779)	(5.10)	%
+100	107,926		(4,496)		(4.00)	%	112,036		(1,267)		(1.12)	%
BASE	112,422		—		—		113,303		—		—
-100	116,882		4,460		3.97	%	114,032		729		0.64	%
-200	113,892		1,470		1.31	%	106,718		(6,585)		(5.81)	%

	Net Interest Income - Performance Summary
(In thousands)	March 31, 2024						December 31, 2023
Projected Interest Rate Scenario	Estimated Value		Change from Base ($)		Change from Base (%)		Estimated Value		Change from Base ($)		Change from Base (%)
+200	$	29,258	$	(1,965)	(6.29)	%	$	34,529	$	483	1.42	%
+100	30,396		(827)		(2.65)	%	34,425		379		1.11	%
BASE	31,223		—		—		34,046		—		—
-100	32,481		1,258		4.03	%	34,120		74		0.22	%
-200	33,622		2,399		7.68	%	34,595		549		1.61	%

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Item 4: Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Patriot maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information that is required to be disclosed in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and accumulated and communicated to management in a timely fashion.

Patriot’s management, with the participation of its Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation, as of the end of the period covered by this report, of the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e). Based on this evaluation, Patriot’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, Patriot’s disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e), were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There was no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the Company’s fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2024 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Limitations on the Effectiveness of Controls

Due to its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. In addition, projections of any evaluations of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies and/or procedures may deteriorate.

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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1: Legal Proceedings

Patriot does not have any pending legal proceedings, other than ordinary routine litigation, incidental to its business, to which Patriot is a party or any of its property is subject. Management is of the opinion that the ultimate disposition of these routine legal matters will not have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity of Patriot.

Item 5: Other Information

None.

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ITEM 6: Exhibits

The exhibits marked with the section symbol (#) are interactive data files.

No.	Description
3(i)	Certificate of Incorporation of Patriot National Bancorp, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(i) to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 1, 1999).
3(i)(A)	Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation of Patriot National Bancorp, Inc. dated July 16, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(i)(A) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the year ended December 31, 2004 filed on March 25, 2005).
3(i)(B)	Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation of Patriot National Bancorp, Inc. dated June 15, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(i)(B) to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2006 filed on November 14, 2006).
3(i) (C)	Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation of Patriot National Bancorp Inc. dated October 6, 2010 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 21, 2010)
3(ii)	Amended and Restated By-laws of Patriot National Bancorp, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(ii) to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 1, 2010)
31(1)	Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer
31(2)	Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer
32*	Section 1350 Certifications
101.INS#	Inline XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH#	Inline XBRL Schema Document
101.CAL#	Inline XBRL Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB#	Inline XBRL Labels Linkbase Document
101.PRE#	Inline XBRL Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF#	Inline XBRL Definition Linkbase Document
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded with the Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

The exhibits marked with the section symbol (#) are interactive data files.

*The certification is being furnished and shall not be deemed filed.

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SIGNATURES

In accordance with the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Date: May 15, 2024	Patriot National Bancorp, Inc. (Registrant)
	By:	/s/ Joseph D. Perillo
		Joseph D. Perillo
		Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
	By:	/s/ David Lowery
		David Lowery
		President and Chief Executive Officer

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