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Goodwill and Intangible Assets
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill and Intangible Assets
During the year ended December 31, 2021, we completed an immaterial business combination which increased goodwill and existing technology intangible assets.

Goodwill

The change in the carrying value of goodwill for the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, categorized by reportable segments, is as follows (in thousands):
Clear AlignerSystems and ServicesTotal
Balance as of December 31, 2019$63,924 $— $63,924 
Additions from acquisition43,500 296,681 340,181 
Foreign currency translation adjustments5,267 35,445 40,712 
Balance as of December 31, 2020112,691 332,126 444,817 
Additions from acquisition3,646 — 3,646 
Foreign currency translation adjustments(4,129)(25,787)(29,916)
Balance as of December 31, 2021$112,208 $306,339 $418,547 

We completed our annual goodwill impairment assessments in 2021 and 2020 and determined there were no impairments.

Intangible Long-Lived Assets

Acquired intangible long-lived assets were as follows, excluding intangibles that were fully amortized (in thousands):
Weighted Average Amortization Period (in years)Gross Carrying Amount as of
December 31, 2021
Accumulated
Amortization
Accumulated Impairment LossNet Carrying
Value as of
December 31, 2021
Existing technology10$104,531 $(22,495)$(4,328)$77,708 
Customer relationships1155,000 (25,891)(10,751)18,358 
Trademarks and tradenames1017,200 (4,547)(4,179)8,474 
Patents and other86,511 (4,495)— 2,016 
$183,242 $(57,428)$(19,258)106,556 
Foreign currency translation3,153 
Total intangible assets$109,709 

Weighted Average Amortization Period (in years)Gross Carrying
Amount as of
December 31, 2020
Accumulated
Amortization
Accumulated Impairment LossNet Carrying
Value as of
December 31, 2020
Existing technology10$99,400 $(12,719)$(4,328)$82,353 
Customer relationships1155,000 (21,879)(10,751)22,370 
Trademarks and tradenames1016,600 (2,934)(4,179)9,487 
Patents and other86,610 (3,785)— 2,825 
$177,610 $(41,317)$(19,258)117,035 
Foreign currency translation13,037 
Total intangible assets$130,072 

There were no triggering events in 2021 or 2020 that would cause impairments of our intangible long-lived assets.
The total estimated annual future amortization expense for these acquired intangible assets as of December 31, 2021 is as follows (in thousands):
Fiscal YearAmortization
2022$15,692 
202314,997 
202413,831 
202513,455 
202612,849 
Thereafter35,732 
Total$106,556 
Amortization expense was $16.6 million, $13.4 million and $5.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.