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Stockholders' Equity
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2021
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]  
Stockholders' Equity Stockholders’ Equity
As of March 31, 2021, the 2005 Incentive Plan (as amended) has a total reserve of 27,783,379 shares of which 4,210,089 shares are available for issuance.

Common Stock Repurchase Program

As of March 31, 2021, we have $100.0 million available for repurchase under the May 2018 Repurchase Program. Subsequent to the first quarter, on April 30, 2021, we entered into an accelerated stock repurchase agreement (“2021 ASR”) to repurchase $100.0 million of our common stock. We paid $100.0 million on May 3, 2021 and received an initial delivery of approximately 0.1 million shares based on current market prices. The final number of shares to be repurchased will be based on our volume-weighted average stock price under the terms of the 2021 ASR, less an agreed upon discount.

Summary of Stock-Based Compensation Expense

Stock-based compensation is based on the estimated fair value of awards, net of estimated forfeitures, and recognized over the requisite service period. Estimated forfeitures are based on historical experience at the time of grant and may be revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. The stock-based compensation related to our stock-based awards and employee stock purchase plans for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 is as follows (in thousands): 
 Three Months Ended
March 31,
 20212020
Cost of net revenues$1,306 $1,347 
Selling, general and administrative21,844 18,130 
Research and development4,091 3,450 
Total stock-based compensation$27,241 $22,927 
Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”)

The fair value of RSUs is based on our closing stock price on the date of grant. RSUs granted generally vest over a period of four years. A summary for the three months ended March 31, 2021 is as follows:
Number of Shares
Underlying RSUs
(in thousands)
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair ValueWeighted Average Remaining
Contractual Term (in years)
Aggregate
Intrinsic Value
(in thousands)
Unvested as of December 31, 2020632 $243.55 
Granted
149 598.37 
Vested and released(214)214.65 
Forfeited(7)298.24 
Unvested as of March 31, 2021560 $348.77 1.7$303,402 

As of March 31, 2021, we expect to recognize $163.6 million of total unamortized compensation cost, net of estimated forfeitures, related to RSUs over a weighted average period of 2.7 years.

Market-performance Based Restricted Stock Units (“MSUs”)

We grant MSUs to our executive officers. Each MSU represents the right to one share of Align’s common stock. The actual number of MSUs which will be eligible to vest will be based on the performance of Align’s stock price relative to the performance of a stock market index over the vesting period, and certain MSU grants are also based on Align’s stock price at the end of the performance period. The maximum number of MSUs which will be eligible to vest range from 250% to 300% of the MSUs initially granted and the vesting period is three years.

A summary for the three months ended March 31, 2021 is as follows: 
Number of Shares
Underlying MSUs
(in thousands)
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Weighted Average
Remaining
Contractual Term (in years)
Aggregate
Intrinsic 
Value
(in thousands)
Unvested as of December 31, 2020227 $430.50 
Granted91 675.44 
Vested and released(101)351.75 
Unvested as of March 31, 2021217 $569.07 1.4$117,620 

As of March 31, 2021, we expect to recognize $60.8 million of total unamortized compensation cost, net of estimated forfeitures, related to MSUs over a weighted average period of 1.4 years.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”)

In May 2010, our stockholders approved the 2010 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “2010 Purchase Plan”) which will continue until terminated by either the Board of Directors or its administrator. The maximum number of shares available for purchase under the 2010 Purchase Plan is 2,400,000 shares. As of March 31, 2021, we have 253,444 shares available for future issuance.

The fair value of the option component of the 2010 Purchase Plan shares was estimated at the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions:
 Three Months Ended
March 31,
 20212020
Expected term (in years)1.01.0
Expected volatility58.8 %41.7 %
Risk-free interest rate0.1 %1.5 %
Expected dividends— — 
Weighted average fair value at grant date$202.74 $80.54 
As of March 31, 2021, there was $3.9 million of total unamortized compensation costs related to employee stock purchases which we expect to be recognized over a weighted average period of 0.4 year.