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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Income before Income Taxes
Income before income taxes consisted of the following:
Years ended December 31,
In millions202120202019
U.K.$21.8 $21.0 $13.4 
International(1)
13.6 6.7 2.9 
Income before income taxes$35.4 $27.7 $16.3 
(1) "International" reflects non-U.K. income before income taxes.
Schedule of Provision for Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes consisted of the following:
Years ended December 31,
In millions202120202019
Currently payable
U.K.$2.0 $(0.2)$0.7 
International(1)
5.4 2.3 2.9 
Total current taxes$7.4 $2.1 $3.6 
Deferred
U.K.$(1.1)$2.1 $4.5 
International(1)
(0.9)2.7 (0.5)
Total deferred taxes$(2.0)$4.8 $4.0 
Total provision for income taxes$5.4 $6.9 $7.6 
(1) "International" reflects non-U.K. income taxes.
Reconciliation of Income before Income Taxes and Total Provision for Income Taxes
Differences between the financial reporting and the corresponding tax basis of assets and liabilities and the different income tax rates and laws applicable to the Company, among other factors, give rise to permanent differences between the statutory tax rate applicable in the U.K. and the effective tax rate presented in the Consolidated Income Statement, which in 2021, 2020 and 2019, were as follows:
Years ended December 31,
In millions202120202019
Income before income taxes$35.4 $27.7 $16.3 
Provision for income taxes at the U.K. statutory tax rate (2021: 19%, 2020:19%, 2019: 19%)6.7 5.3 3.1 
Effect of:
Non-deductible expenses1.9 1.7 2.7 
Movement in valuation allowances(0.6)0.8 1.2 
Differences in income tax rates in countries where the Company operates(1)
0.5 (0.1)1.1 
Effect of changes in tax rates (2)
(2.0)0.1 (0.1)
Movement in uncertain tax positions (0.4)0.4 
Other(1.1)(0.5)(0.8)
Total provision for income taxes$5.4 $6.9 $7.6 
(1) Refers mainly to the effects of the differences between the statutory income tax rate in the U.K. against the applicable income tax rates of each country where the Company operates.
(2) An increase in the U.K. corporation tax rate from 19% to 25%, effective from April 1, 2023, was announced in March 2021. Rate changes also occur in each period as a result of changes in the average state tax rate in the U.S.
Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits
Reconciliations of the beginning and ending gross unrecognized tax benefits were as follows:
Years ended December 31,
In millions202120202019
Beginning balance$2.4 $3.2 $3.2 
Gross increases based on tax positions related to the current year0.1 0.6 0.6 
Reductions due to expiry of statute of limitations(0.7)(1.4)(0.6)
Ending balance$1.8 $2.4 $3.2 
Non-current$1.8 $2.4 $3.2 
Summary of Tax Years Open by Major Tax Jurisdiction
The following is a summary of the tax years open by major tax jurisdiction:
JurisdictionYears open
U.K.2019 - 2021
U.S. Federal2018 - 2021
U.S. State and local2018 - 2021
France2018 - 2021
Germany2017 - 2021
China2018 - 2021
Canada2017 - 2021
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
Deferred taxes were recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as follows:
December 31,
In millions20212020
Deferred tax assets$8.0 $16.5 
Deferred tax liabilities(2.7)(2.0)
Net deferred tax assets$5.3 $14.5 
The tax effects of the major items recorded in deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows:
December 31,
In millions20212020
Deferred tax assets
Pension benefits$0.5 $9.9 
Accrued liabilities1.5 0.7 
Tax loss and credit carry forwards28.3 25.8 
Employee compensation benefits2.9 1.9 
Other2.1 1.5 
Total deferred tax assets35.3 39.8 
Valuation allowances(18.0)(19.3)
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowances$17.3 $20.5 
Deferred tax liabilities
Property, plant and equipment$4.5 $1.7 
Pension benefits3.5 — 
Goodwill and other intangibles2.4 3.2 
Other1.6 1.1 
Total deferred tax liabilities$12.0 $6.0 
Net deferred tax assets$5.3 $14.5