EX-1.2 2 exhibit_1-2.htm EXHIBIT 1.2


Exhibit 1.2
 
ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION

OF
 
JACADA LTD.
A COMPANY LIMITED BY SHARES
 
PRELIMINARY
 
1.          TABLE “A” EXCLUDED
 
The regulations contained in the second schedule to the Companies Ordinance (New Version), 5743-1983 (the “Companies Ordinance”) shall not apply to the Company.
 
2.          INTERPRETATION
 
(a)
In these Articles, the words standing in the first column of the table next hereinafter contained shall bear the meaning set opposite to them respectively in the second column thereof, if not inconsistent with the subject or context.
 
“The Company” - Jacada Ltd.
 
“The Companies Ordinance” or “The Statutes” - The Companies Ordinance (New Version) 1983.
 
“The Companies Law” - The Companies Law 1999.
 
“These Articles” - These Articles of Association as originally adopted or as amended from time to time by Special Resolution.
 
“The Office” - The current registered office from time to time of the Company.
 
“Year” and “Month” - a Gregorian month or year.
 
3.          PUBLIC COMPANY
 
This Company is a Public Company, as such a term is defined in the Companies Ordinance.
 
SHARE CAPITAL
 
4.          SHARE CAPITAL
 
The authorized share capital of the Company is NIS 300,000 divided into 30,000,000 (thirty million) Ordinary Shares, par value NIS 0.01 per share.
 
5.          INCREASE OF AUTHORIZED SHARE CAPITAL
 
(a)
The Company may, from time to time, by Special Resolution (as defined in Article 28(a) below), whether or not all the shares then authorized have been issued and whether or not all the shares theretofore issued have been called up for payment, increase its authorized share capital. Any such increase shall be in such amount and shall be divided into shares of such nominal amounts, and such shares shall confer such rights and preferences, and shall be subject to such restrictions, as such Special Resolution shall provide.
 
(b)
Except to the extent otherwise provided in such Special Resolution, any new shares included in the authorized share capital increased as aforesaid shall be subject to all the provisions of these Articles which are applicable to shares of the same class included in the existing share capital (and, if such new shares are of the same class as a class of shares included in the existing share capital, to all of the provisions which are applicable to shares of such class included in the existing share capital).

 
6.          SPECIAL RIGHTS; MODIFICATION OF RIGHTS
 
(a)
Subject to the provisions of the Memorandum of Association of the Company, and without prejudice to any special rights previously conferred upon the holders of existing shares in the Company, the Company may, from time to time, by Special Resolution, provide for shares with such preferred or deferred rights or rights of redemption or other special rights and/or such restrictions, whether in regard to dividends, voting, repayment of share capital or otherwise, as may be stipulated in such Special Resolution.
 
(b)
(i)              If at any time the share capital is divided into different classes of shares, the rights attached to any class, unless otherwise provided by these Articles, may be modified or abrogated by the Company, by Special Resolution, subject to the consent in writing of the holders of seventy-five percent (75%) of the issued shares of such class or the adoption of a Special Resolution passed at a separate General Meeting of the holders of the shares of such class.
 
(ii)
The provisions of these Articles relating to General Meetings shall, mutatis mutandis, apply to any separate General Meeting of the holders of the shares of a particular class, provided, however, that the requisite quorum at any such separate General Meeting shall be two or more members present in person or by proxy and holding not less than thirty three and a third per cent (33 1/3%) of the issued shares of such class.
 
(iii)
Unless otherwise provided by these Articles, the enlargement of an authorized class of shares, or the issuance of additional shares thereof out of the authorized and unissued share capital, shall not be deemed, for purposes of this Article 6(b), to modify or abrogate the rights attached to previously issued shares of such class or of any other class.
 

7.          CONSOLIDATION, SUBDIVISION, CANCELLATION AND REDUCTION OF SHARE CAPITAL
 
(a)
The Company may, from time to time, by Special Resolution (subject, however, to the provisions of Article 6(b) hereof and to applicable law):
 
(i)
consolidate and divide all or part of its issued or unissued authorized share capital into shares of a per share nominal value which is larger than the per share nominal value of its existing shares;
 
(ii)
subdivide its shares (issued or unissued) or any of them, into shares of smaller nominal value than is fixed by the Memorandum of Association (subject, however, to the provisions of Section 144(4) of the Companies Ordinance);
 
(iii)
cancel any shares which, at the date of the adoption of such Special Resolution, have not been taken or agreed to be taken by any person, and diminish the amount of its share capital by the amount of the shares so canceled; or
 
(iv)
reduce its share capital in any manner, and with and subject to any incident authorized, and consent required, by law.
 
(b)
With respect to any consolidation of issued shares into shares of a larger nominal value per share, and with respect to any other action which may result in fractional shares, the Board of Directors may settle any difficulty which may arise with regard thereto, as it deems fit, and, in connection with any such consolidation or other action which could result in fractional shares, may, without limiting its aforesaid power:
 
(i)
determine, as to the holder of shares so consolidated, which issued shares shall be consolidated into a share of a larger nominal value per share.
 
(ii)
allot, in contemplation of or subsequent to such consolidation or other action, shares or fractional shares sufficient to preclude or remove fractional share holdings;
 
(iii)
redeem, in the case of redeemable preference shares, and subject to applicable law, such shares or fractional shares sufficient to preclude or remove fractional share holdings;
 
(iv)
cause the transfer of fractional shares by certain shareholders of the Company to other shareholders thereof so as to most expediently preclude or remove any fractional shareholdings, and cause the transferees of such fractional shares to pay the transferors thereof the fair value thereof, and the Board of Directors is hereby authorized to act in connection with such transfer, as agent for the transferors and transferees of any such fractional shares, with full power of substitution, for the purposes of implementing the provisions of this sub-Article 7(b)(iv).
 

 
SHARES
 
8.          ISSUANCE OF SHARE CERTIFICATES; REPLACEMENT OF LOST CERTIFICATES
 
(a)
Share Certificates shall be issued under the corporate seal of the Company and shall bear the signature of one Director, or of any other person or persons authorized therefor by the Board of Directors.
 
(b)
Each member shall be entitled to one or several numbered certificate for all the shares of any class registered in his name, each for one or more of such shares. Each certificate shall specify the serial numbers of the shares represented thereby and may also specify the amount paid up thereon.
 
(c)
A share certificate registered in the names of two or more persons shall be delivered to the person first named in the Register of Members in respect of such co-ownership.
 
(d)
A share certificate which has been defaced, lost or destroyed, may be replaced, and the Company shall issue a new certificate to replace such defaced, lost or destroyed certificate upon payment of such fee, and upon the furnishing of such evidence of ownership and such indemnity, as the Board of Directors in its discretion deems fit.
 
9.          REGISTERED HOLDER
 
Except as otherwise provided in these Articles, the Company shall be entitled to treat the registered holder of each share as the absolute owner thereof, and accordingly, shall not, except as ordered by a court of competent jurisdiction, or as required by statute, be obligated to recognize any equitable or other claim to, or interest in, such share on the part of any other person.
 
10.       ALLOTMENT OF SHARES
 
The unissued shares from time to time shall be under the control of the Board of Directors, who shall have the power to allot, issue or otherwise dispose of shares to such persons, on such terms and conditions (including inter alia terms relating to calls as set forth in Article 12(f) hereof), and either at par or at a premium, or, subject to the provisions of the Companies Ordinance, at a discount and/or with payment of commission, and at such times, as the Board of Directors deems fit, and the power to give to any person the option to acquire from the Company any shares, either at par or at a premium, or, subject as aforesaid, at a discount and/or with payment of commission, during such time and for such consideration as the Board of Directors deems fit.
 
11.       PAYMENT IN INSTALLMENTS
 
If pursuant to the terms of allotment or issue of any share, all or any portion of the price thereof shall be payable in installments, every such installment shall be paid to the Company on the due date thereof by the then registered holder(s) of the share or the person(s) then entitled thereto.
 

12.       CALLS ON SHARES
 
(a)
The Board of Directors may, from time to time, as it, in its discretion, deems fit, make calls for payment upon members in respect of any sum which has not been paid up in respect of shares held by such members and which is not pursuant to the terms of allotment or issue of such shares or otherwise, payable at a fixed time, and each member shall pay the amount of every call so made upon him (and of each installment thereof if the same is payable in installments), to the Company at the time(s) and place(s) designated by the Board of Directors, as any such time(s) may be thereafter extended or place(s) changed. Unless otherwise stipulated in the resolution of the Board of Directors (and in the notice hereafter referred to), each payment in response to a call shall be deemed to constitute a pro rate payment on account of all the shares in respect of which such call was made.
 
(b)
Notice of any call for payment by a member shall be given in writing to such member not less than fourteen (14) days prior to the time of payment fixed in such notice, and shall specify the time and place of payment. Prior to the time for any such payment fixed in a notice of a call given to a member, the Board of Directors may in its absolute discretion, by notice in writing to such member, revoke such call in whole or in part, extend the time fixed for payment thereof, or designate a different place of payment. In the event of a call payable in installments, only one notice thereof need be given.
 
(c)
If pursuant to the terms of allotment or issue of a share or otherwise, an amount is made payable at a fixed time (whether on account of such share or by way of premium), such amount shall be payable at such time as if it were payable by virtue of a call made by the Board of Directors and for which notice was given in accordance with paragraphs (a) and (b) of this Article 12, and the provisions of these Articles with regard to calls (and the non-payment thereof) shall be applicable to such amount (and the non-payment thereof).
 
(d)
Joint holders of a share shall be jointly and severally liable to pay all calls for payment in respect of such share and all interest payable thereon.
 
(e)
Any amount called for payment which is not paid when due shall bear interest from the date fixed for payment until actual payment thereof, at such rate (not exceeding the then prevailing debitory rate charged by leading commercial banks in Israel), and payable at such time(s) as the Board of Directors may prescribe.
 
(f)
Upon the allotment of shares, the Board of Directors may provide for differences among the allottees of such shares as to the amounts and times for payment of calls in respect of such shares.
 
13.       PREPAYMENT
 
With the approval of the Board of Directors, any member may pay to the Company any amount not yet payable in respect of his shares, and the Board of Directors may approve the payment by the Company of interest on any such amount until the same would be payable if it had not been paid in advance, at such rate and time(s) as may be approved by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may at any time cause the Company to repay all or any part of the money so advanced, without premium or penalty. Nothing in this Article 13 shall derogate from the right of the Board of Directors to make any call for payment before or after receipt by the Company of any such advance.
 

14.       FORFEITURE AND SURRENDER
 
(a)
If any member fails to pay an amount payable by virtue of a call, or interest thereon as provided for in accordance herewith, on or before the day fixed for payment of the same, the Board of Directors may at any time after the day fixed for such payment, so long as such amount (or any portion thereof) or interest thereon (or any portion thereof) remains unpaid, resolve to forfeit all or any of the shares in respect of which such payment was called for. All expenses incurred by the Company in attempting to collect any such amount or interest thereon, including, without limitation, attorney’s fees and costs of legal proceedings, shall be added to, and shall, for all purposes (including the accrual of interest thereon), constitute a part of, the amount payable to the Company in respect of such call.
 
(b)
Upon the adoption of a resolution as to the forfeiture of a member’s share, the Board of Directors shall cause notice thereof to be given to such member, which notice shall state that, in the event of the failure to pay the entire amount so payable by a date specified in the notice (which date shall be not less than fourteen (14) days after the date such notice is given and which may be extended by the Board of Directors), such shares shall be ipso facto forfeited, provided, however, that, prior to such date, the Board of Directors may nullify such resolution of forfeiture, but no such nullification shall stop the Board of Directors from adopting a further resolution of forfeiture in respect of the non-payment of the same amount.
 
(c)
Without derogating from Articles 54 and 59 hereof, whenever shares are forfeited as herein provided, all dividends, if any, theretofore declared in respect thereof and not actually paid shall be deemed to have been forfeited at the same time.
 
(d)
The Company, by resolution of the Board of Directors, may accept the voluntary surrender of any share not fully paid for.
 
(e)
Any share forfeited or surrendered as provided herein, shall become the property of the Company, and the same, subject to the provisions of these Articles, may be sold, re-allotted or otherwise disposed of as the Board of Directors deems fit.
 
(f)
Any member whose shares have been forfeited or surrendered shall cease to be a member in respect of the forfeited or surrendered shares, but shall, notwithstanding, be liable to pay, and shall forthwith pay, to the Company, all calls, interest and expenses owing upon or in respect of such shares at the time of forfeiture or surrender, together with interest thereon from the time of forfeiture or surrender until actual payment, at the rate prescribed in Article 12(e) above, and the Board of Directors, in its discretion, may, but shall not be obligated to, enforce the payment of such moneys, or any part thereof. In the event of such forfeiture or surrender, the Company, by resolution of the Board of Directors, may accelerate the date(s) of payment of any or all amounts then owing to the Company by the member in question (but not yet due) in respect of all shares owned by such member, solely or jointly with another.
 
(g)
The Board of Directors may at any time, before any share so forfeited or surrendered shall have been sold, re-allotted or otherwise disposed of, nullify the forfeiture or surrender on such conditions as it deems fit, but no such nullification shall stop the Board of Directors from re-exercising its powers of forfeiture pursuant to this Article 14.
 

15.       LIEN
 
(a)
Except to the extent the same may be waived or subordinated in writing, the Company shall have a first and paramount lien upon all the shares registered in the name of each member (without regard to any equitable or other claim or interest in such shares on the part of any other person), and upon the proceeds of the sale thereof, for his debts, liabilities and engagements to the Company arising from any amount payable by such member in respect of any unpaid or partly paid share, whether or not such debt, liability or engagement has matured. Such lien shall extend to all dividends from time to time declared or paid in respect of such share. Unless otherwise provided, the registration by the Company of a transfer of shares shall be deemed to be a waiver on the part of the Company of the lien (if any) existing on such shares immediately prior to such transfer.
 
(b)
The Board of Directors may cause the Company to sell a share subject to such a lien when the debt, liability or engagement giving rise to such lien has matured, in such manner as the Board of Directors deems fit, but no such sale shall be made unless such debt, liability or engagement has not been satisfied within fourteen (14) days after written notice of the intention to sell shall have been served on such member, his executors or administrators.
 
(c)
The net proceeds of any such sale, after payment of the costs thereof, shall be applied in or toward satisfaction of the debts, liabilities or engagements of such member in respect of such share (whether or not the same have matured), and the residue (if any) shall be paid to the member, his executors, administrators or assigns.
 
16.
SALE AFTER FORFEITURE OR SURRENDER OR IN ENFORCEMENT OF LIEN
 
Upon any sale of a share after forfeiture or surrender or for enforcing a lien, the Board of Directors may appoint any person to execute an instrument of transfer of the share so sold and cause the purchaser’s name to be entered in the Register of Members in respect of such share. The purchaser shall be registered as the shareholder and shall not be bound to see to the regularity of the sale proceedings, or to the application of the proceeds of such sale, and after his name has been entered in the Register of Members in respect of such share, the validity of the sale shall not be impeached by any person, and the remedy of any person aggrieved by the sale shall be in damages only and against the Company exclusively.
 
17.        REDEEMABLE SHARES
 
The Company may, subject to applicable law, issue redeemable shares and redeem the same.
 

18.       CONVERSION OF SHARES INTO STOCK
 
(a)
The Board of Directors may, with the approval of the members previously given by Special Resolution, convert any paid-up shares into stock, and may, with like sanction, reconvert any stock into paid-up shares of any denomination.
 
(b)
The holders of stock may transfer the same, or any part thereof, in the same manner and subject to the same regulations, as the shares from which the stock arose might have been transferred prior to conversion, or as near thereto as circumstances admit, provided, however, that the Board of Directors may from time to time fix the minimum amount of stock so transferable, and restrict or forbid the transfer of fractions of such minimum, but the minimum shall not exceed the nominal value of each of the shares from which such stock arose.
 
(c)
The holders of stock shall, in accordance with the amount of stock held by them, have the same rights and privileges as regards dividends, voting at meetings of the Company and other matters as if they held the shares from which such stock arose, but no such right or privilege, except participation in the dividends and profits of the Company, shall be conferred by any such aliquot part of such stock as would not, if existing in shares, have conferred that right or privilege.
 
(d)
Such of the Articles of the Company as are applicable to paid-up shares shall apply to stock, and the words “share” and “shareholder” (or “member”) therein shall include “stock” and “stockholder”.
 
TRANSFER OF SHARES
 
19.       REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER
 
(a)
No transfer of shares shall be registered unless a proper writing or instrument of transfer (in any customary form or any other form satisfactory to the Board of Directors) has been submitted to the Company (or its transfer agent), together with the share certificate(s) and such other evidence of title as the Board of Directors may reasonably require. Until the transferee has been registered in the Register of Members in respect of the shares so transferred, the Company may continue to regard the transferor as the owner thereof.
 
(b)
The Board of Directors may, in its discretion to the extent it deems necessary, close the Register of Members for registrations of transfers of shares during any year for a period determined by the Board of Directors, and no registrations of transfers of shares shall be made by the Company during any such period during which the Register of Members is so closed.
 
20.
RECORD DATE FOR NOTICES OF GENERAL MEETINGS AND OTHER ACTION
 
Notwithstanding any provision of these Articles to the contrary, and to allow the Company to determine the members entitled to notice of, or to vote at, any Annual or Extraordinary General Meeting or any adjournment thereof, or to express consent to or dissent from any corporate action in writing without a meeting, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of, or to take or be the subject to, any other action, the Board of Directors may fix in advance, a record date, which shall not be more than sixty nor less than ten days before the date of such meeting, nor more than sixty days prior to any other action. A determination of members of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting: provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.
 

 
TRANSMISSION OF SHARES
 
21.       DECEDENTS’ SHARES
 
(a)
In case of death of a registered holder of a share registered in the names of two or more holders, the Company may recognize the survivor(s) as the sole owner(s) thereof unless and until the provisions of Article 21(b) have been effectively invoked.
 
(b)
Any person becoming entitled to a share in consequence of the death of any shareholder, upon producing evidence of the grant of probate or letters of administration or declaration of succession (or such other evidence as the Board of Directors may reasonably deem sufficient), shall be registered as a member in respect of such share, or may, subject to the regulations as to transfer herein contained, transfer such share.
 
22.       RECEIVERS AND LIQUIDATORS
 
(a)
The Company may recognize any receiver, liquidator or similar official appointed to wind-up, dissolve or otherwise liquidate a corporate member, and a trustee, manager, receiver, liquidator or similar official appointed in bankruptcy or in connection with the reorganization of, or similar proceeding with respect to a member or its properties, as being entitled to the shares registered in the name of such member.
 
(b)
Such receiver, liquidator or similar official appointed to wind-up, dissolve or otherwise liquidate a corporate member and such trustee, manager, receiver, liquidator or similar official appointed in bankruptcy or in connection with the reorganization of, or similar proceedings with respect to a member or its properties, upon producing such evidence as the Board of Directors may deem sufficient as to his authority to act in such capacity or under this Article, shall with the consent of the Board of Directors (which the Board of Directors may grant or refuse in its absolute discretion), be registered as a member in respect of such shares, or may, subject to the regulations as to transfer herein contained, transfer such shares.
 

 
GENERAL MEETINGS
 
23.       ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING
 
(a)
An Annual General Meeting shall be held once in every calendar year at such time (within a period of not more than fifteen (15) months after the last preceding Annual General Meeting) and at such place, either within or without the State of Israel, as may be determined by the Board of Directors.
 
(b)
Subject to the provisions of these Articles, the function of the Annual General Meeting shall be to elect the members of the Board of Directors; to receive the Financial Statements, the reports and accounts of the Company’s directors and auditors; to approve final annual (pursuant and subject to Articles 52, 53, 54 and 57) dividends, if any; to appoint the Company’s auditors and to fix their remunerations and to transact any other business which under these Articles or the Statutes are to be transacted at a General Meeting.
 
24.       EXTRAORDINARY GENERAL MEETINGS
 
All General Meetings other than Annual General Meetings shall be called “Extraordinary General Meeting”. The Board of Directors may, whenever it thinks fit, convene an Extraordinary General Meeting, at such time and place, within or out of the State of Israel, as may be determined by the Board of Directors, and shall be obliged to do so upon a requisition in writing in accordance with Section 109 of the Companies Ordinance.
 
25.
NOTICE OF GENERAL MEETINGS; OMISSION TO GIVE NOTICE
 
(a)
Not less than seven (7) days’ prior notice shall be given of every General Meeting, provided, however, that a Special Resolution shall not be passed unless at least twenty-one (21) days’ prior notice shall have been given of the meeting at which it is proposed to pass the same. Each such notice shall specify the place and the day and hour of the meeting and the general nature of each item to be acted upon thereat, said notice to be given to all members who would be entitled to attend and vote at such meeting. A further notice specifying additional items to be acted upon at the Meeting may be given, provided that the prior notice period required under law is kept. Anything therein to the contrary notwithstanding, with the consent of all members entitled to vote thereon, a resolution may be proposed and passed at such meeting although a lesser notice than hereinabove prescribed has been given.
 
(b)
The accidental omission to give notice of a meeting to any member, or the non-receipt of notice sent to such member, shall not invalidate the proceedings at such meeting.
 
PROCEEDINGS AT GENERAL MEETINGS
 
26.       QUORUM
 
(a)
No business shall be transacted at a General Meeting, or at any adjournment thereof, unless the quorum required under these Articles for such General Meeting or such adjourned meeting, as the case may be, is present when the meeting proceeds to business.
 
(b)
In the absence of contrary provisions in these Articles, two or more members (not in default in payment of any sum referred to in Article 32(a) hereof), present in person or by proxy and holding shares conferring in the aggregate more than thirty three and a third (33 1\3 %) percent of the voting power of the Company, shall constitute a quorum of General Meetings.
 
(c)
If within half an hour from the time appointed for the meeting a quorum is not present, the meeting, if convened upon requisition under Section 109 of the Companies Ordinance, shall be dissolved, but in any other case it shall be adjourned to the same day in the next week, at the same time and place, or to such day and at such time and place as the Chairman may determine with the consent of the holders of a majority of the voting power present at the meeting in person or by proxy and voting on the question of adjournment. No business shall be transacted at any adjourned meeting except business which might lawfully have been transacted at the meeting as originally called. At such adjourned meeting (other than an adjourned separate meeting of a particular class of shares as referred to in Article 6 of these Articles), any two (2) members (not in default as aforesaid) present in person or by proxy, shall constitute a quorum.
 

27.       CHAIRMAN
 
The Chairman, if any, of the Board of Directors, shall preside as Chairman at every General Meeting of the Company. If at any meeting the Chairman is not present within fifteen (15) minutes after the time fixed for holding the meeting or is unwilling to act as Chairman, the Co-Chairman shall preside at the meeting. If at any such meeting both the Chairman and the Co-Chairman are not present or are unwilling to act as Chairman, the members present shall choose someone of their number to be Chairman. The office of Chairman shall not, by itself, entitle the holder thereof to vote at any General Meeting nor shall it entitle such holder to a second or casting vote (without derogating, however, from the rights of such Chairman to vote as a shareholder or proxy of a shareholder if, in fact, he is also a shareholder or such proxy).
 
28.       ADOPTION OF RESOLUTIONS AT GENERAL MEETINGS
 
(a)
(i) An Ordinary Resolution shall be deemed adopted if approved by the holders of a majority of the voting power represented at the meeting in person or by proxy and voting thereon.
 
(ii) A Special or Extraordinary Resolution shall be deemed adopted if approved by the holders of not less than seventy-five percent (75%) of the voting power represented at the meeting in person or by proxy and voting thereon.
 
(b)
Every question submitted to a General Meeting shall be decided by a show of hands, but if a written ballot is demanded by any member present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote at the meeting, the same shall be decided by such ballot. A written ballot may be demanded before the proposed resolution is voted upon or immediately after the declaration by the Chairman of the results of the vote by a show of hands. If a vote by written ballot is taken after such declaration, the results of the vote by a show of hands shall be of no effect, and the proposed resolution shall be decided by such written ballot. The demand for a written ballot may be withdrawn at any time before the same is conducted, in which event another member may then demand such written ballot. The demand for a written ballot shall not prevent the continuance of the meeting for the transaction of business other than the question on which the written ballot has been demanded.
 
(c)
A declaration by the Chairman of the meeting that a resolution has been carried unanimously, or carried by a particular majority, or lost, and an entry to that effect in the minute book of the Company, shall be conclusive evidence of the fact without proof of the number or proportion of the votes recorded in favor of or against such resolution.
 

29.       RESOLUTIONS IN WRITING
 
A resolution in writing signed by all members of the Company then entitled to attend and vote at General Meetings or to which all such members have given their written consent (by letter, telegram, telex, facsimile or otherwise) shall be deemed to have been unanimously adopted by a General Meeting duly convened and held.
 
30.       POWER TO ADJOURN
 
The Chairman of a General Meeting at which a quorum is present may, with the consent of the holders of a majority of the voting power represented in person or by proxy and voting on the question of adjournment (and shall if so directed by the meeting), adjourn the meeting from time to time and from place to place, but no business shall be transacted at any adjourned meeting except business which might lawfully have been transacted at the meeting as originally called.
 
31.       VOTING POWER
 
Subject to the provisions of Article 32(a) and subject to any provision hereof conferring special rights as to voting, or restricting the right to vote, every member shall have one vote for each share held by him of record, on every resolution, without regard to whether the vote thereon is conducted by a show of hands, by written ballot or by any other means.
 
32.       VOTING RIGHTS
 
(a)
No member shall be entitled to vote at any General Meeting (or be counted as a part of the quorum thereat), unless all calls then payable by him in respect of his shares in the Company have been paid, but this Article 32(a) shall not apply to separate General Meetings of the holders of a particular class of shares pursuant to Article 6(b).
 
(b)
A company or other corporate body being a member of the Company may duly authorize any person to be its representative at any meeting of the Company or to execute or deliver a proxy on its behalf. Any person so authorized shall be entitled to exercise on behalf of such member all the power which the latter could have exercised if it were an individual shareholder. Upon the request of the Chairman of the meeting, written evidence of such authorization (in form acceptable to the Chairman) shall be delivered to him.
 
(c)
Any member entitled to vote may vote either in person or by proxy (who need not be a member of the Company), or, if the member is a company or other corporate body, by a representative authorized pursuant to Article 32(b).
 
(d)
If two or more persons are registered as joint holders of any share, the vote of the senior who tenders a vote, in person or by proxy, shall be accepted to the exclusion of the vote(s) of the other joint holder(s). For the purpose of this Article 32(d), seniority shall be determined by the order of registration of the joint holders in the Register of Members.
 

 
PROXIES
 
33.       INSTRUMENT OF APPOINTMENTS
 
(a)
An instrument appointing a proxy shall be in writing and shall be substantially in the following form:
 
“I  _______________________ of
 
_________________________
 
(Name of Shareholder)          (Address of Shareholder)
 
being a member of Jacada Ltd. hereby appoint
 
_______________________ of
 
_______________________ 
 
(Name of Proxy)                    (Address of Proxy)
 
as my proxy to vote for me and on my behalf at the General Meeting of
 
the Company to be held on the___ day of ______ , 19 __ and at any
 
adjournment(s) thereof.
 
Signed this ___ day of ________  , 19
 
(Signature of Appointor)”
 
or in any usual or common form or in such other form as may be approved by the Board of Directors. Such proxy shall be duly signed by the appointor or such person’s duly authorized attorney or, if such appointor is a company or other corporate body, under its common seal or stamp or the hand of its duly authorized agent(s) or attorney(s).
 
(b)
The instrument appointing a proxy (and the power of attorney or other authority, if any, under which such instrument has been signed) shall either be presented to the Chairman at the meeting at which the person named in the instrument proposes to vote or be delivered to the Company (at its Registered Office, at its principal place of business, or at the offices of its registrar or transfer agent, or at such place as the Board of Directors may specify) not less than two (2) hours before the time fixed for such meeting, except that the instrument shall be delivered (i) twenty-four (24) hours before the time fixed for the meeting where the meeting is to be held outside of Israel and the instrument is delivered to the Company at its Registered Office or principal place of business, or (ii) forty-eight (48) hours before the time fixed for the meeting where the meeting is to be held outside of the United States of America and the instrument is delivered to the Company’s registrar or transfer agent. Notwithstanding the above, the Chairman shall have the right to waive the time requirement provided above with respect to all instruments of proxies and to accept any and all instruments of proxy until the beginning of a General Meeting or such other time as determined by the Chairman.
 

34.       EFFECT OF DEATH OF APPOINTOR OR TRANSFER OF SHARE OR REVOCATION OF APPOINTMENT
 
(a)
A vote cast in accordance with an instrument appointing a proxy shall be valid notwithstanding the prior death or bankruptcy of the appointing member (or of his attorney-in-fact, if any, who signed such instrument), or the transfer of the share in respect of which the vote is cast, unless written notice of such matters shall have been received by the Company or by the Chairman of such meeting prior to such vote being cast.
 
(b)
An instrument appointing a proxy shall be deemed revoked (i) upon receipt by the Company or the Chairman, subsequent to receipt by the Company of such instrument, of written notice signed by the person signing such instrument or by the member appointing such proxy canceling the appointment thereunder (or the authority pursuant to which such instrument was signed) or of an instrument appointing a different proxy (and such other documents, if any, required under Article 33(b) for such new appointment), provided such notice of cancellation or instrument appointing a different proxy were so received at the place and within the time for delivery of the instrument revoked thereby as referred to in Article 33(b) hereof, or (ii) if the appointing member is present in person at the meeting for which such instrument of proxy was delivered, upon receipt by the Chairman of such meeting of written notice from such member of the revocation of such appointment, or if and when such member votes at such meeting. A vote cast in accordance with an instrument appointing a proxy shall be valid notwithstanding the revocation or purported cancellation of the appointment, or the presence in person or vote of the appointing member at a meeting for which it was rendered, unless such instrument of appointment was deemed revoked in accordance with the foregoing provisions of this Article 34(b) at or prior to the time such vote was cast.
 

BOARD OF DIRECTORS
 
35.       POWERS OF BOARD OF DIRECTORS
 
(a)               General
 
The management of the business of the Company shall be vested in the Board of Directors, which may exercise all such powers and do all such acts and things as the Company is authorized to exercise and do, and are not hereby or by law required to be exercised or done by the Company by action of its members at a General Meeting. The authority conferred on the Board of Directors by this Article 35 shall be subject to the provisions of the Companies Ordinance, these Articles and any regulation or resolution consistent with these Articles adopted from time to time by the Company by action of its members at a General Meeting, provided, however, that no such regulation or resolution shall invalidate any prior act done by or pursuant to a decision of the Board of Directors which would have been valid if such regulation or resolution had not been adopted.
 
(b)              Borrowing Power
 
The Board of Directors may from time to time, at its discretion, cause the Company to borrow or secure the payment of any sum or sums of money for the purposes of the Company, and may secure or provide for the repayment of such sum or sums in such manner, at such times and upon such terms and conditions as it deems fit, and, in particular, by the issuance of bonds, perpetual or redeemable debentures, debenture stock, or any mortgages, charges, or other securities on the undertaking or the whole or any part of the property of the Company, both present and future, including its uncalled or called but unpaid capital for the time being.
 
(c)
Reserves
 
The Board of Directors may, from time to time, set aside any amount(s) out of the profits of the Company as a reserve or reserves for any purpose(s) which the Board of Directors, in its absolute discretion, shall deem fit, including without limitation, capitalization and distribution of bonus shares, and may invest any sum so set aside in any manner and from time to time deal with and vary such investments and dispose of all or any part thereof, and employ any such reserve or any part thereof in the business of the Company without being bound to keep the same separate from other assets of the Company, and may subdivide or redesignate any reserve or cancel the same or apply the funds therein for another purpose, all as the Board of Directors may from time to time think fit.
 
(d)
Charitable Contributions
 
To the extent permitted by the Companies Law, the Company may elect to contribute reasonable amounts to worthy causes. The Board of Directors may determine the causes to which the Company should contribute and the amounts of any such contributions.
 

36.       EXERCISE OF POWERS OF BOARD OF DIRECTORS
 
(a)
A meeting of the Board of Directors at which a quorum is present shall be competent to exercise all the authorities, powers and discretion vested in or exercisable by the Board of Directors. Such meeting may be held over the phone, or by using other communication devices, on condition that each participant can both hear and speak to all the other participants on the same time.
 
(b)
A resolution proposed at any meeting of the Board of Directors shall be deemed adopted if approved by a majority of the Directors present when such resolution is put to a vote and voting thereon.
 
A resolution in writing signed by all of the Directors then in office and lawfully entitled to vote thereon or to which all of such Directors have given their written consent (by letter, telegram, telex, facsimile, electronic mail or otherwise) shall be deemed to have been unanimously adopted by a meeting of the Board of Directors duly convened and held.
 
37.       DELEGATION OF POWERS
 
(a)
The Board of Directors may, subject to the provisions of the Companies Ordinance, delegate any or all of its powers to committees, each consisting of one or more persons (who are Directors), and it may from time to time revoke such delegation or alter the composition of any such committee. Any Committee so formed (in these Articles referred to as a “Committee of the Board of Directors”), shall, in the exercise of the powers so delegated, conform to any regulations imposed on it by the Board of Directors. The meetings and proceedings of any such Committee of the Board of Directors shall, mutatis mutandis, be governed by the provisions herein contained for regulating the meetings of the Board of Directors, so far as not superseded by any regulations adopted by the Board of Directors under this Article. Unless otherwise expressly provided by the Board of Directors in delegating powers to a Committee of the Board of Directors, such Committee shall not be empowered to further delegate such powers.
 
(b)
Without derogating from the provisions of Article 50, the Board of Directors may from time to time appoint a Secretary to the Company, as well as officers, agents, employees and independent contractors, as the Board of Directors deems fit, and may terminate the service of any such person. The Board of Directors may, subject to the provisions of the Companies Ordinance, determine the powers and duties, as well as the salaries and emoluments, of all such persons, and may require security in such cases and in such amounts as it deems fit.
 
(c)
The Board of Directors may from time to time, by power of attorney or otherwise, appoint any person, company, firm or body of persons to be the attorney or attorneys of the Company at law or in fact for such purpose(s) and with such powers, authorities and discretions, and for such period and subject to such conditions, as it deems fit, and any such power of attorney or other appointment may contain such provisions for the protection and convenience of persons dealing with any such attorney as the Board of Directors deems fit, and may also authorize any such attorney to delegate all or any of the powers, authorities and discretions vested in him.
 
38.       NUMBER OF DIRECTORS
 
The Board of Directors of the Company shall consist of such number of Directors (not less than five (5) nor more than fourteen (14)) as may be fixed, from time to time, initially by Ordinary Resolution and thereafter by Special Resolution of the Company.
 

39.       ELECTION AND REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS
 
(a)
Directors shall be elected at the Annual General Meeting, by the vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power represented at such meeting in person or by proxy and voting on the election of Directors, in accordance with the following provisions:
 
(i) The Directors elected at the General Meeting held in 1999, shall be classified, with respect to the time for which they severally hold office, into three classes, as nearly equal in number as possible; one class to hold office initially for term expiring at the 2000 annual General Meeting, one class to hold office initially for term expiring at the 2001 annual General Meeting, and another class to hold office initially for term expiring at the year 2002 annual General Meeting, with the members of each class to hold office until their successors are elected and qualified. At each annual general meeting of shareholder following 1999, the successors to the class of Directors whose term is expiring at that meeting, shall be elected to the office for a term expiring at the annual General Meeting held in the third year following the year of their election.
 
(ii) Every Director whose term shall have expired pursuant to clause (i) hereof, may at any time be re-elected to serve as a Director for a term as set forth in such clause (i).
 
(iii) 21 day advance notice is required in order to nominate a director in an annual meeting, other than nominations made by the Board of Directors.
 
(b)
The Company may, by a resolution adopted by a majority of 75% of the voting power attending a general meeting of shareholders, remove a Director from office before the end of such Director’s term. and may by an Ordinary Resolution elect a Director to fill such vacancy, provided, however that if the Company shall not have elected a Director to fill such vacancy within 30 days after the removal of the incumbent Director, the Board of Directors may also elect a Director to fill in such vacancy in accordance with Article 40.1, provided further, however that any Director elected in accordance with this clause (b) shall hold office for the remainder of the full term of the class of Directors in which the vacancy occurred and until such Director’s successor shall have been elected and qualified.
 
(c)
In addition to the directors appointed in accordance with Article 39(a), the Company shall appoint one additional director (the "Unclassified Director") for a one (1) year term and until the following Annual General Meeting to serve on the Company's Board of Directors, such Unclassified Director to be elected at the Annual General Meeting, by the vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power represented at such meeting in person or by proxy and voting on the election of the Unclassified Director. The Unclassified Director may be classified as a Class II Director at any time by a resolution of the Board of Directors (not including such Unclassified Director). In addition, the position of such Unclassified Director may be classified as a Class II Director at any time by a resolution of the Board of Directors (not including such Unclassified Director), whether or not such position is vacant at such time. Upon the submission of any tender offer (as defined in the Companies Law) for the Company's shares,such Unclassified Director and the position of such Unclassified Director (even if vacant) shall automatically be classified as a Class II Director (unless determined otherwise by a resolution of the Board of Directors (not including such Unclassified Director) adopted within 30 days of the announcement of such Tender Offer). Upon any such classification as a Class II Director, the director then serving as an Unclassified Director shall continue to serve on the Company's Board of Directors as a Class II Director and shall be subject to re-election with the Class II Directors. Once the position of the Unclassified Director is classified as a Class II Director, then that position will remain a Class II Director and the position of the Unclassified Director shall no longer exist. The Unclassified Director may be removed from office in accordance with the provisions of Article 39(b) which shall apply, mutatis mutandis.
 

40.       QUALIFICATION OF DIRECTORS
 
No person shall be disqualified to serve as a Director by reason of his not holding shares in the Company or by reason of his having served as a Director in the past.
 
41.       VACANCIES
 
Subject to the power of the members to fill a vacancy pursuant to Article 39, if a Director’s office becomes vacant, for whatever reason, any such vacancy on the Board of Directors shall be filled solely by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining Directors then in office, even though less than the quorum of the Board of Directors. Any Director elected in accordance with the foregoing sentence shall hold office for the remainder of the full term of the class of Directors in which the vacancy occurred and until such Director’s successor shall have been elected and qualified. No decrease in the number of Directors constituting the Board shall shorten the term of any incumbent Director.
 
If the position of a Director is vacated, the other Directors shall be entitled to act in every matter so long as their number is not less than the quorum required under these Articles, if any, at the time for meetings of the Directors. If their number decrease below said quorum, they will not be entitled to act except in order to fill vacant positions on the Board of Directors or to call a General Meeting of the Company.
 
42.       VACATION OF OFFICE
 
(a)
The office of a Director shall be vacated, ipso facto, upon his or her death, or if he or she be found lunatic or become of unsound mind, or if he or she becomes bankrupt, or if the Director is a company, upon its winding-up.
 
(b)
The office of a Director shall be vacated by his, her or its written resignation. Such resignation shall become effective on the date fixed therein, or upon the delivery thereof to the Company, whichever is later.
 
43.       REMUNERATION OF DIRECTORS
 
A Director shall be paid remuneration by the Company for his services as Director to the extent such remuneration shall have been approved by a General Meeting of the Company.
 

44.       CONFLICT OF INTEREST
 
Subject to the provisions of the Companies Ordinance, no Director shall be disqualified by virtue of his office from holding any office or place of profit in the Company or in any company in which the Company shall be a shareholder or otherwise interested, or from contracting with the Company as vendor, purchaser or otherwise, nor shall any such contract, or any contract or arrangement entered into by or on behalf of the Company in which any Director shall be in any way interested, be avoided, nor, other than as required under the Companies Ordinance, shall any Director be liable to account to the Company for any profit arising from any such office or place of profit or realized by any such contract or arrangement by reason only of such Director’s holding that office or of the fiduciary relations thereby established, but the nature of his interest, as well as any material fact or document, must be disclosed by him at the meeting of the Board of Directors at which the contract or arrangement is first considered, if his interest then exists, or, in any other case, at no later than the first meeting of the Board of Directors after the acquisition of his interest.
 
45.       ALTERNATE DIRECTORS
 
(a)
A Director may, by written notice to the Company given in the manner set forth in Article 45(b) below, appoint any individual (whether or not such person is then a member of the Board of directors) as an alternate for himself (in these Articles referred to as “Alternate Director”), remove such Alternate Director and appoint another Alternate Director in place of any Alternate Director appointed by him whose office has been vacated for any reason whatsoever. The appointment of an Alternate Director shall be subject to the consent of the Board of Directors if the appointee is not then a member of the Board of Directors. Unless the appointing Director, by the instrument appointing an Alternate Director or by written notice to the Company, limits such appointment to a specified period of time or restricts it to a specified meeting or action of the Board of Directors, or otherwise restricts its scope, the appointment shall be for all purposes, and for a period of time concurrent with the term of the appointing Director.
 
(b)
Any notice to the Company pursuant to Article 45(a) shall be given in person to, or by sending the same by mail to the attention of the General Manager of the Company at the principal office of the Company or to such other person or place as the Board of Directors shall have determined for such purpose, and shall become effective on the date fixed therein, or upon the receipt thereof by the Company (at the place as aforesaid), whichever is later, subject to the consent of the Board of Directors if the appointee is not then a member of the Board of Directors, in which case the notice will be effective as of the date of such consent.
 
(c)
An Alternate Director shall have all the rights and obligations of the Director who appointed him, provided however, that (i) he may not in turn appoint an alternate for himself (unless the instrument appointing him otherwise expressly provides), and (ii) that an Alternate Director shall have no standing at any meeting of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof while the Director who appointed him is present, and (iii) that the Alternate Director is not entitled to remuneration.
 
(d)
Any natural person, whether or not he or she be a member of the Board of Directors, may act as an Alternate Director. One person may act as Alternate Director for several Directors, and in such event he or she shall have a number of votes (and shall be treated as the number of persons for purposes of establishing a quorum) equal to the number of Directors for whom he acts as Alternate Director. If an Alternate Director is also a Director in his own right, his rights as an Alternate Director shall be in addition to his rights as a Director.
 
(e)
An Alternate Director shall alone be responsible for his or her own acts and defaults, and he or she shall not be deemed the agent of the Director(s) who appointed him.
 
(f)
The office of an Alternate Director shall be vacated under the circumstances, mutatis mutandis, set fort in Article 42, and such office shall ipso facto be vacated if the Director who appointed such Alternate Director ceased to be a Director.
 

 
PROCEEDINGS OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
 
46.       MEETINGS
 
(a)
The Board of Directors may meet and adjourn its meetings and otherwise regulate such meetings and proceedings as the Directors think fit.
 
(b)
Any Director may at any time, and the Secretary, upon the request of such Director, shall, convene a meetings of the board of Directors, but not less than two (2) days’ notice shall be given of any meetings so convened. Notice of any such meeting shall be given to all the Directors and may be given orally, by telephone, in writing or by mail, telex, cablegram or facsimile. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, failure to deliver notice to a director of any such meeting in the manner required hereby may be waived by such Director, and a meeting shall be deemed to have been duly convened notwithstanding such defective notice if such failure or defect is waived prior to action being taken at such meeting, by all Directors entitled to participate at such meeting to whom notice was not duly given as aforesaid.
 
47.       QUORUM
 
Until otherwise unanimously decided by the Board of Directors, a quorum at a meeting of the Board of Directors shall be constituted by the presence in person or by telephone conference of half (50%) of the Directors then in office who are lawfully entitled to participate in the meeting. No business shall be transacted at a meeting of the Board of Directors unless the requisite quorum is present (in person or by telephone conference) when the meeting proceeds to business.
 
48.       CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
 
The Board of Directors may from time to time, elect one of its members to be the Chairman of the Board of Directors, and another of its members as Co-Chairman, remove such Chairman and Co-Chairman from office and appoint others in their place. The Chairman of the Board of Directors shall preside at every meeting of the Board of Directors, but if there is no such Chairman, or if at any meeting he is not present within fifteen (15) minutes of the time fixed for the meeting or if he is unwilling to take the chair, the Co-Chairman shall preside. If both the Chairman and the Co-Chairman are not present within such fifteen (15) minutes or are unwilling to take the chair the Directors present shall choose one of their number to be the Chairman of such meeting.
 

49.       VALIDITY OF ACTS DESPITE DEFECTS
 
All acts done bona fide at any meeting of the Board of Directors, or of a Committee of the Board of Directors, or by any person(s) acting as Director(s), shall, notwithstanding that it may afterwards be discovered that there was some defect in the appointment of the participants in such meetings or any of them or any person(s) acting as aforesaid, or that they or any of them were disqualified, be as valid as if there were no such defect or disqualification.
 
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND PRESIDENT
 
50.       CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND PRESIDENT
 
The Board of Directors may from time to time appoint one or more persons, whether or not Directors, as chief Executive Officer or Officers, General Manager or Managers, or President of the Company and may confer upon such person(s), and from time to time modify or revoke, such title(s) and such duties and authorities of the Board of Directors as the Board of Directors may deem fit, subject to such limitations and restrictions as the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe. Unless otherwise determined by the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer shall have authority with respect of the management of the Company in the ordinary course of business. Such appointment(s) may be either for a fixed term or without any limitation of time, and the Board of Directors may from time to time (subject to the provisions of the Companies Ordinance and of any contract between any such person and the Company) fix his or their salaries and emoluments, remove or dismiss him or them from office and appoint another or others in his or their place or places.
 
MINUTES
 
51.       MINUTES
 
(a)
Minutes of each General Meeting and of each meeting of the Board of Directors shall be recorded and duly entered in books provided for that purpose, and shall be held by the Company at its principal place of office or its Registered Office or such other place as shall have been determined by the Board of Directors. Such minutes shall, in all events, set forth the names of the persons present at the meeting and all resolutions adopted thereat.
 
(b)
Any minutes as aforesaid, if purporting to be signed by the chairman of the meeting or by the chairman of the next succeeding meeting, shall constitute prima facie evidence of the matters recorded therein.
 

DIVIDENDS
 
52.       DECLARATION OF DIVIDENDS
 
The Board of Directors may from time to time declare, and cause the Company to pay, such interim dividend as may appear to the Board of Directors to be justified by the profits of the Company. The final dividend in respect of any fiscal year shall be proposed by the Board of Directors and shall be payable only after the same has been approved by Ordinary Resolution of the Company, but no such resolution shall provide for the payment of an amount exceeding that proposed by the Board of Directors for the payment of such final dividend, and no such resolution or any failure to approve a final dividend shall affect any interim dividend theretofore declared and paid. The Board of Directors shall determine the time for payment of such dividends, both interim and final, and the record date for determining the shareholders entitled thereto.
 
53.       FUNDS AVAILABLE FOR PAYMENT OF DIVIDEND
 
No dividend shall be paid otherwise than out of the profits of the Company.
 
54.       AMOUNT PAYABLE BY WAY OF DIVIDENDS
 
Subject to the provisions of these Articles and subject to any rights or conditions attached at that time to any share in the capital of the Company granting preferential, special or deferred rights or not granting any rights with respect to dividends, the profits of the Company which shall be declared as dividends shall be distributed according to the proportion of the nominal value paid up on account of the shares held at the date so appointed by the Company, without regard to the premium paid in excess of the nominal value, if any. No amount paid or credited as paid on a share in advance of calls shall be treated for purposes of this Article as paid on a share.
 
55.       INTEREST
 
No dividend shall carry interest as against the Company.
 
56.       PAYMENT IN SPECIE
 
Upon the recommendation of the Board of Directors approved by Ordinary Resolution of the Company, the Company (i) may cause any monies, investments, or other assets forming part of the undivided profits of the Company, standing to the credit of a reserve fund, or to the credit of a reserve fund for the redemption of capital, or in the hands of the Company and available for dividends, or representing premiums received on the issuance of shares and standing to the credit of the share premium account, to be capitalized and distributed among such of the shareholders as would be entitled to receive the same if distributed by way of dividend and in the same proportion, on the footing that they become entitled thereto as capital, or may cause any part of such capitalized fund to be applied on behalf of such shareholders in paying up in full, either at par or at such premium as the resolution may provide, any unissued shares or debentures or debenture stock of the Company which shall be distributed accordingly or in payment, in full or in part, of the uncalled liability on all issued shares or debentures or debenture stock if such liability exists, on a pro rata basis; and (ii) may cause such distribution or payment to be accepted by such shareholders in full satisfaction of their interest in the said capitalized sum.
 

57.       IMPLEMENTATION OF POWERS UNDER ARTICLE 56
 
For the purpose of giving full effect to any resolution under Article 56, and without derogating from the provisions of Article 7(b) hereof, the Board of Directors may settle any difficulty which may arise in regard to the distribution as it thinks expedient, and, in particular, may issue fractional certificates, and may fix the value for distribution of any specific assets, and may determine that cash payments shall be made to any members upon the footing of the value so fixed, or that fractions of less value than the nominal value of one share may be disregarded in order to adjust the rights of all parties, and may vest any such cash, shares, debentures, debenture stock or specific assets in trustees upon such trusts for the persons entitled to the dividend or capitalized fund as may seem expedient to the Board of Directors. Where requisite, a proper contract shall be filed in accordance with Section 129 of the Companies Ordinance, and the Board of Directors may appoint any person to sign such contract on behalf of the persons entitled to the dividend or capitalized fund.
 
58.       DIVIDEND ON UNPAID SHARES
 
Without derogating from Article 54 hereof, the Board of Directors may give an instruction which shall prevent the distribution of a dividend to the registered holders of share the full nominal amount of which has not been paid up.
 
59.       RETENTION OF DIVIDENDS
 
(a)
The Board of Directors may retain any dividend or other monies payable or property distributable in respect of a share on which the Company has a lien, and may apply the same in or towards satisfaction of the debts, liabilities, or engagements in respect of which the lien exists.
 
(b)
The board of Directors may retain any dividend or other monies payable or property distributable in respect of a share in respect of which any person is, under Article 21 or 22, entitled to become a member, or which any person, is, under said Articles, entitled to transfer, until such person shall become a member in respect of such share or shall transfer the same.
 
60.       UNCLAIMED DIVIDENDS
 
All unclaimed dividends or other moneys payable in respect of a share may be invested or otherwise made use of by the Board of Directors for the benefit of the Company until claimed. The payment by the Directors of any unclaimed dividend or such other moneys into a separate account shall not constitute the Company a trustee in respect thereof . The principal (and only the principal) of an unclaimed dividend or such other moneys shall be if claimed, paid to a person entitled thereto.
 
61.       MECHANICS OF PAYMENT
 
The Board of Directors may fix the mechanics for payment of dividends as it deems fit. However, if nothing to the contrary in the resolution of the Board of Directors, than all dividends or other moneys payable in cash in respect of a share may be paid by check or warrant sent through the post to, or left at, the registered address of the person entitled thereto or by transfer to a bank account specified by such person (or, if two or more persons are registered as joint holders of such share or are entitled jointly thereto in consequence of the death or bankruptcy of the holder or otherwise, to the joint holder whose name is registered first in the Register of Members or his bank account or the person who the Company may then recognize as the owner thereof or entitled thereto under Article 21 or 22 hereof, as applicable, or such person’s bank account), or to such person and at such other address as the person entitled thereto may by writing direct. Every such check or warrant shall be made payable to the order of the person to whom it is sent, or to such person as the person entitled thereto as aforesaid may direct, and payment of the check or warrant by the banker upon whom it is drawn shall be a good discharge to the Company.
 

62.       RECEIPT FROM A JOINT HOLDER
 
If two or more persons are registered as joint holders of any share, or are entitled jointly thereto in consequence of the death or bankruptcy of the holder or otherwise, any one of them may give effectual receipts for any dividend or other moneys payable or property distributable in respect of such share.
 
ACCOUNTS
 
63.       BOOKS OF ACCOUNT
 
The Board of Directors shall cause accurate books of account to be kept in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Ordinance and of any other applicable law. Such books of account shall be kept at the Registered Office of the Company, or at such other place or places as the Board of Directors may think fit, and they shall always be open to inspection by all Directors. No member, not being a Director, shall have any right to inspect any account or book or other similar document of the Company, except as conferred by law or authorized by the Board of Directors or by Ordinary Resolution of the Company.
 
64.       AUDIT
 
At least once in every fiscal year the accounts of the Company shall be audited and the correctness of the profit and loss account and balance sheet certified by one or more duly qualified auditors.
 
65.       AUDITORS
 
The appointment, authorities, rights and duties of the auditor(s) of the Company, shall be regulated by applicable law, provided, however, that in exercising its authority to fix the remuneration of the auditor(s), the members in General Meeting may, by Ordinary Resolution, act (and in the absence of any action in connection therewith shall be deemed to have so acted) to authorize the Board of Directors to fix such remuneration subject to such criteria or standards, , if any, as may be provided in such Ordinary Resolution, and if no such criteria or standards are so provided, such remuneration shall be fixed in an amount commensurate with the volume and nature of the services rendered by such auditor(s).
 

 
BRANCH REGISTERS
 
66.       BRANCH REGISTERS
 
Subject to and in accordance with the provisions of Sections 71 to 80, inclusive, of the Companies Ordinance and to all orders and regulation issued thereunder, the Company may cause branch registers to be kept in any place outside Israel as the Board of Directors may think fit, and, subject to all applicable requirements of law, the Board of Directors may from time to time adopt such rules and procedures as it may think fit in connection with the keeping of such branch registers.
 
INDEMNITY AND INSURANCE
 
67.       INDEMNITY AND INSURANCE
 
In this Article 67, the following terms shall have the following, respective meanings:
 
“Administrative Proceeding” shall mean a proceeding pursuant to Chapter H3 (Imposing a Monetary Sanction by the Israeli Securities Authority), H4 (Imposing Administrative Enforcement Measures by the Administrative Enforcement Committee) or I1 (Conditioned Arrangement for Avoidance of Taking Action or for Stopping Action) of the Securities Law; or a proceeding pursuant to Chapter G1 of the Israeli Antitrust Law, 5748-1988, as amended from time to time; and any other or additional administrative enforcement proceeding in respect of which indemnification or insurance may lawfully be granted for expenses incurred in connection therewith or payments relating thereto.
 
“Securities Law” shall mean the Israeli Securities Law, 5728-1968, as amended from time to time.
 
“Party harmed by a breach” shall be a harmed party described in Section 52(54)(a)(1)(a) of the Securities Law, in the context of an Administrative Proceeding pursuant to the Securities Law or pursuant to any other legislation in respect of which an Administrative Proceeding may be held.
 
Subject to the provisions of the Companies Law with regard to such matters and to the maximum extent permitted under the Companies Law:
 
(a)
Insurance. The Company may enter into a contract for the insurance of all or part of the liability of an Office Holder (as defined in the Companies Law) with respect to an obligation imposed on such Office Holder due to an act performed by him in his capacity as an Office Holder of the Company arising from any of the following:
 
(i) a breach of his duty of care to the Company or to another person.
 
(ii) a breach of his duty of loyalty to the Company, provided that the Office Holder acted in good faith and had reasonable cause to assume that such act would not prejudice the interests of the Company.
 
(iii) a financial liability imposed on such Office Holder in favor of another person.
 
(iv) a monetary liability of an Office Holder to a party harmed by a breach in an Administrative Proceeding.
 
(v) expenses incurred by an Office Holder in connection with an Administrative Proceeding conducted in his matter, including reasonable litigation expenses (including legal fees).
 

(b)
Advance Indemnification. The Company may indemnify, and may undertake in advance to indemnify, an Office Holder in respect of liability or expense set forth in subparagraph (c) below, provided that in the case of sub-paragraph (c)(i) only, that an advance undertaking to indemnify shall be limited to those categories of events, and to such amounts or criteria, as the Board of Directors may, at the time of the giving of such undertaking to indemnify, in its opinion deem to be reasonable under the circumstances, and shall specify such categories of events, and such amounts and/or criteria, in the undertaking to indemnify.
 
(c)
Indemnification. The Company may indemnify, and undertake to indemnify, an Office Holder for any liability and expense that may be imposed on such Office Holder due to an act performed by him in his capacity as an Office Holder as follows:
 
(i)
a financial liability imposed on an Office Holder in favor of another person by a court judgment, including a compromise judgment given as a result of a settlement or an arbitrator’s award which has been confirmed by a court;
 
(ii)  reasonable litigation expenses, including attorneys’ fees, expended by the Office Holder as a result of an investigation or proceeding instituted against him or her by an authority authorized to conduct such investigation or proceeding, or in connection with a financial sanction, provided that (1) no indictment (as defined in the Companies Law) was filed against such office holder as a result of such investigation or proceeding; and (2) no financial liability in lieu of a criminal proceeding (as defined in the Companies Law) was imposed upon him or her as a result of such investigation or proceeding, or if such financial liability was imposed, it was imposed with respect to an offense that does not require proof of criminal intent or in connection with a financial sanction;.
 
(iii)  reasonable litigation costs, including attorney’s fees, expended by an Office Holder or which were imposed on an Office Holder by a court in proceedings filed against the Office Holder by the Company or in its name or by any other person or in a criminal charge in respect of which the Office Holder was acquitted or in a criminal charge in respect of which the Office Holder was convicted for an offense that did not require proof of criminal intent; and
 
(iv) a monetary liability of an Office Holder to a party harmed by a breach in an Administrative Proceeding.
 
(v) expenses incurred by an Office Holder in connection with an Administrative Proceeding conducted in his matter, including reasonable litigation expenses (including legal fees).
 
(d)
Retroactive Indemnification. The Company may indemnify an Office Holder retroactively.
 
(e)
Exculpation. The Company may release, in advance, all or part of an Office Holder’s liability to the Company for damage which arises from the breach of his duty of care to the Company.
 
(f)
Prospective Applicability of Amendments. Any amendment to the Companies Law adversely affecting the right of any Office Holder to be indemnified or insured pursuant to this Article 67 and any amendments to this Article 67 shall be prospective in effect, and shall not affect the Company’s obligation or ability to indemnify or insure an Office Holder for any act or omission occurring prior to such amendment, unless otherwise provided by applicable law.
 
(g)
Broad Applicability. The provisions of this Article 67 (x) shall apply to the maximum extent permitted by law (including, the Companies Law, the Securities Law and the Antitrust Law); and (y) are not intended, and shall not be interpreted, to restrict the Company in any manner in respect of the procurement of insurance and/or in respect of indemnification (whether in advance or retroactively) (i) in connection with any person who is not an Office Holder, including, without limitation, any employee, agent, consultant or contractor of the Company who is not an Office Holder, and/or (ii) in connection with any Office Holder to the extent that such insurance and/or indemnification is not specifically prohibited under law; provided that the procurement of any such insurance and/or the provision of any such indemnification shall be approved by the Board of Directors or in such manner as may be required by the Companies Law.
 

 
WINDING UP
 
68.       WINDING UP
 
If the Company is wound up, then subject to applicable law and to the rights of the holders of shares with special rights upon winding up, the assets of the Company available for distribution among the members shall be distributed to them in proportion to the respective holdings of the shares in respect of which such distribution is being made.
 
RIGHTS OF SIGNATURE, STAMP, AND SEAL
 
69.       RIGHTS OF SIGNATURE, STAMP, AND SEAL
 
(a)
The Board of Directors shall be entitled to authorize any person or persons (who need not be Directors) to act and sign on behalf of the Company, and the acts and signature of such person (s) on behalf of the Company shall bind the Company insofar as such person (s) acted and signed within the scope of his or their authority.
 
(b)
The Board of Directors may provide for a seal. If the Board of Directors so provides, it shall also provide for the safe custody thereof. Such seal shall not be used except by the authority of the Board of Directors and in the presence of the person (s) authorized to sign on behalf of the Company, who shall sign every instrument to which such seal is affixed.
 
(c)
The Company may exercise the powers conferred by Section 102 of the Companies Ordinance regarding a seal for use abroad, and such powers shall be vested in the Board of Directors.
 

 
NOTICES
 
70.       NOTICES
 
(a)
Any written notice or other document may be served by the Company upon any member either personally or by sending it by prepaid mail (airmail if sent internationally) addressed to such member at his address as described in the Register of Members. Any written notice or other document may be served by any member upon the Company by tendering the same in person to the Secretary or the General Manager or Chief Executive Officer of the Company at the principal office of the Company or by sending it by prepaid registered mail (airmail if posted outside Israel) to the Company at it Registered Address. Any such notice or other document shall be deemed to have been served five (5) business days after it has been posted (7 business days if posted internationally), or when actually tendered in person, to such member ( or to the Secretary or the General Manager). Notice sent by cablegram, telex, or facsimile shall be deemed to have been served two business days after the notice is, sent to the addressee, or when in fact received, whichever is earlier, notwithstanding that it was defectively addressed or failed, in some other respect, to comply with the provisions of this Article 71 (a).
 
(b)
All notices to be given to the members shall, with respect to any share to which persons are jointly entitled, be given to whichever of such persons is named first in the Register of Members, and any notice so given shall be sufficient notice to the holders of such share.
 
(c)
Any member whose address is not described in the Register of Members, and who shall not have designated in writing delivered to the Company an address for the receipt of notices, shall not be entitled to receive any notice from the Company.
 
(d)
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, notice by the Company of a General Meeting which is published in at least two daily newspapers in the State of Israel within the time otherwise required for giving notice of such meeting under Article 25 hereof and containing the information required to be set forth in such notice under such Article, shall be deemed to notice of such meeting duly given, for purposes of these Articles, to any member of the Company.