20-F

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C.  20549

FORM 20-F

o REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012

OR

o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

o SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Date of event requiring this shell company report.............................

For the transition period from ____________ to ______________

Commission file number 000-30342

JACADA LTD.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Israel

(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

11 Shenkar Street

P.O. Box 12175

Herzliya 46725, Israel

(Address of principal executive offices)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Ordinary shares, par value

NIS 0.04 per share

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: NONE

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: NONE

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the registrant’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the Annual Report:

4,159,134 Ordinary Shares, par value NIS 0.04 per share

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

o Yesx No

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

o Yesx No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

x Yeso No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

x Yeso No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer.

Large accelerated filer: oAccelerated filer: oNon-accelerated filer: x

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filling.

US GAAP: xInternational Financial Reporting Standards: oOther: o

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.

oItem 17oItem 18

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

o Yesx No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court.

x Yeso No

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ITEM 1:	IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS	2
ITEM 2:	OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE	2
ITEM 3:	KEY INFORMATION	2
ITEM 4:	INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY	14
ITEM 4A:	UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS	26
ITEM 5:	OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS	26
ITEM 6:	DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES	42
ITEM 7:	MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS	53
ITEM 8:	FINANCIAL INFORMATION	53
ITEM 9:	THE OFFER AND LISTING	54
ITEM 10:	ADDITIONAL INFORMATION	55
ITEM 11:	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET  RISK	79
ITEM 12:	DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES	80
ITEM 13:	DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES	80
ITEM 14:	MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY  HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS	80
ITEM 15:	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES	81
ITEM 16A:	AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT	82
ITEM 16B:	CODE OF ETHICS	82
ITEM 16C:	PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES	82
ITEM 16D:	EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES	83
ITEM 16E:	PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED  PURCHASERS	83
ITEM 16F:	CHANGES IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT	84
ITEM 16G:	CORPORATE GOVERNANCE	84
ITEM 16H:	MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE	84
ITEM 17:	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS	84
ITEM 18:	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS	84
ITEM 19:	EXHIBITS	85

INTRODUCTION

As used in this annual report, references to “we,” “our,” “ours,” “us” and “our company” refer to Jacada Ltd. and its subsidiaries, unless otherwise indicated.

We have prepared our consolidated financial statements in U.S. dollars, and in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). All references in this Annual Report to “dollars” or “$” are to U.S. dollars and all references to “NIS” are to New Israeli Shekels.

The results of operations in this annual report relate to our customer service and support business. As a result of the sale of our traditional market business effective as of January 1, 2008, the results of the traditional market business were reclassified to one line item in the statement of operations as “Income from discontinued operations, net of taxes”.

Amounts and percentages appearing in this Annual Report may not total due to rounding.

During 2010, our shareholders authorized our management to effect a reverse stock split with respect to our share capital at a ratio of one (1) for four (4). The financial and share data for all periods presented in this annual report has been revised to reflect such reverse split.

Item 1: IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS

Not applicable.

Item 2: OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE

Not applicable.

Item 3: KEY INFORMATION

A.           Selected Financial Data

The following table sets forth selected financial data from our consolidated statements of operations and balance sheets for the periods indicated.  The selected consolidated statement of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 and the selected consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual Report.  As a result of the agreement to sell our traditional market business on December 19, 2007, which closed on January 1, 2008, the results of the traditional market business were reclassified to one line item in the statements of operations as “income from discontinued operations, net of taxes”. The financial statements included in this Annual Report have been prepared in accordance with US GAAP. The consolidated statements of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008 and the selected consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 are derived from audited consolidated financial statements that are not included herein. The following selected financial data is qualified by reference to and should be read in conjunction with the sections entitled “Item 5:  Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” and “Item 11: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” and our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

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	Year ended December 31,
	2012			2011			2010			2009			2008
							(in thousands)
Consolidated Statement of Operations Data:
Revenues:
Software licenses	$	1,111		$	1,123		$	1,635		$	1,370		$	7,647
Services		6,867			8,448			13,043			12,967			14,540
Maintenance		2,789			2,815			2,477			2,324			2,178
Total revenues		10,767			12,386			17,155			16,661			24,365
Cost of revenues:
Software  licenses		62			93			349			238			544
Services		6,018			7,525			10,115			10,047			11,038
Maintenance		629			758			778			648			856
Total cost of revenues		6,709			8,376			11,242			10,933			12,438
Gross profit		4,058			4,010			5,913			5,728			11,927
Operating expenses:
Research and development		3,541			2,910			3,478			3,490			4,819
Sales and marketing		4,787			3,556			4,993			6,205			8,829
General and administrative		2,975			4,268			4,789			4,433			5,583
Goodwill Impairment		-			-			3,096			-			-
Restructuring		-			-			196			-			451
Total operating expenses		11,303			10,734			16,552			14,128			19,682
Operating loss		(7,245	)		(6,724	)		(10,639	)		(8,400	)		(7,755	)
Financial  income (loss), net		856			(12	)		79			708			715
Loss from continuing operations before taxes		(6,389	)		(6,736	)		(10,560	)		(7,692	)		(7,040	)
Income tax (expense) benefit		(55	)		(62	)		(49	)		93			2,043
Net loss from continuing operations		(6,444	)		(6,798	)		(10,609	)		(7,599	)		(4,997	)
Income from discontinued operations, net of taxes		-			-			-			583			18,234
Net income (loss)	$	(6,444	)	$	(6,798	)	$	(10,609	)	$	(7,016	)	$	13,237
Basic and diluted net earnings (loss) per share
Continuing operations	$	(1.55	)	$	(1.63	)	$	(2.55	)	$	(1.83	)	$	(1.04	)
Discontinued operations	$	-		$	-		$	-		$	0.14		$	3.77
Basic and diluted net earnings (loss) per share	$	(1.55	)	$	(1.63	)	$	(2.55	)	$	(1.69	)	$	2.73
Weighted average number of shares used in computing basic and diluted net earnings (loss) per share		4,159,134			4,159,134			4,158,227			4,141,331			4,838,703

	2012		2011		2010		2009		2008
					(in thousands)
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	3,687	$	2,944	$	5,945	$	12,624	$	11,059
Cash and investments		*10,029		*14,107		*18,487		*23,847		*33,069
Working capital		1,671		7,335		8,718		21,948		23,262
Total assets		13,213		18,063		24,689		35,057		44,816
Treasury stock**		17,863		17,863		17,863		17,863		17,863
Shareholders’ equity		7,743		13,848		20,159		30,152		36,801

*Cash and investments include restricted cash of $503, $487, $493, $557 and $3,199 in 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.

**During 2008, we purchased a total of 1,111,796 of our ordinary shares pursuant to a share repurchase program as well as a self tender offer conducted by us. The shares we repurchased are held by us as treasury shares. Under the Israeli Companies Law for so long as such treasury shares are owned by us they have no rights and, accordingly, are neither eligible to participate in or receive any future dividends which may be paid to our shareholders nor are they entitled to participate in, be voted at or be counted as part of the quorum, for any meetings of our shareholders. The financial and shareholders information provided under this Annual Report do not consider these treasury shares as part of our outstanding share capital.

Exchange Rates

Not applicable.

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B.            Capitalization and Indebtedness

Not applicable.

C.           Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds

Not applicable.

D.           Risk Factors

Readers are cautioned that an investment in Jacada is subject to a number of risks.  Readers should consider carefully all information set forth herein and in particular the following risks in connection with an investment in Jacada:

Risks Related to Our Business

Weak and uncertain global economic conditions, including continued credit constraints, could continue to adversely affect us. Disruption during recent years and the continued conditions in the global credit markets, failures or material business deterioration of investment banks, commercial banks, and other financial institutions and intermediaries in the United States and elsewhere around the world, the economic conditions in Europe and significant reductions in asset values across businesses, households and individuals, combined with other financial and economic indicators, have caused ongoing economic weakness and uncertainty. These conditions have been adversely affecting our results of operations. If these conditions continue or worsen, they may result in further reduced demand or funding for projects involving our customer service and support solutions, longer sales cycle for our projects or termination of projects by our customers, which may further adversely affect our results of operations. Among other things, we might face:  

· further potential declines in orders for our customer service and support solutions and in our revenues from such solutions due to reduced or postponed orders or other factors caused by economic challenges faced by our customers and prospective customers;

· longer sales processes and a need for increased efforts to secure projects in order to be able to demonstrate to customers and prospective customers return on investment that meets such customers’ and prospective customers’ business needs and requirements in current economic conditions;

· an adverse impact on our customers’ ability to pay, when due, amounts payable to us, or on our ability to collect amounts payable to us in full (or at all) if any of our customers fail or seek protection under applicable bankruptcy or insolvency laws; and

· a re-evaluation by our customers and prospective customers of approved or contracted projects in order to address budget reductions or other impacts and factors of the current economic conditions by such customers and prospective customers.

Any of these consequences could further adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flow. These economic conditions also impact our ability to forecast orders and revenues and our ability to provide guidance for our performance.

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If members of our new management team are unable to fully transition into their respective new positions, our operations will be adversely affected. Several members of our management team joined us during 2012. If those new management members are unable to successfully transition into their respective positions, our operations will be adversely affected.

Our business model is focused on continued growth in a market in which we have only several years of experience.  Failure to continue our penetration into this market would negatively impact our results of operations. We have focused on the customer service and support market since 2004. In the third quarter of 2012 we introduced Jacada Mobile Agent, our mobile customer service product offering, designed to improve the customer experience, by offering sophisticated self-service capabilities to smart phone and mobile device users. With this product introduction, we have entered the mobile customer service market. We have limited experience in this evolving market.  Our limited experience and knowledge regarding the mobile customer service and support market may impede our ability to sell our products and result in decreased revenues and increased losses. In addition, we intend to continue to invest in research and development for products in the mobile self service market, as well as products for other self service methods such as IVR, web and social media. Failure to have our research and development efforts result in marketable products, and ultimately revenue-producing products, could result in increased losses.

We must continue our investment in our sales and marketing efforts, including our indirect distribution channels, in order to increase market awareness of our products and to generate increased revenues. Our sales and marketing teams have limited resources. During 2009 and 2010, we reduced the size of our direct sales and marketing teams as part of our cost control measures. The size of our current sales and marketing departments may not be sufficient to increase market awareness or identify and qualify a sufficient number of sales opportunities to assist in revenue growth. In addition, we believe that in certain markets our future success may be dependent upon the expansion of our indirect distribution channels, consisting of relationships with partners, system integrators, call center outsourcers, resellers and distributors. During 2012, we had relationships with a limited number of partners. The number and quality of the partnerships we maintain may not be sufficient to allow us to expand into certain markets.

Our future growth will be limited if:

· our sales and marketing teams fail to increase market awareness of our products and generate increased revenues;

· we fail to work effectively with our indirect distribution partners;

· there is a decrease in the willingness or ability of our indirect distribution partners to devote sufficient resources and efforts to market, sale and support our products; or

· we fail to increase the number of indirect distribution partners with which we have relationships.

If any of these circumstances occurs, we will have to devote substantially more resources to the sales, marketing, distribution, implementation, customization and support of our products than we otherwise would, which would negatively impact our operating results.

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We do not have a proven business model for the mobile customer service and support market; if our business model is inappropriate for this market and our estimates regarding the sales cycle for this market are incorrect, our efforts to successfully commercialize our mobile customer service and support solutions may be harmed or we will experience a further delay in generating revenues from these products. Our recent product offering, Jacada Mobile Agent is being offered to the market under a different pricing model then our other customer service and support products. Therefore, we do not have enough experience to determine whether our business model is correct and appropriate for new sales or follow-on sales. In the event that our chosen business model is inappropriate, we may need to modify it and adjust the manner in which we sell these products in order to close subsequent transactions. This required adjustment may adversely affect our revenues and expense levels.

Our revenues may further decline if we do not increase the number of transactions that we effect in 2013.  If we fail to sign a sufficient number of new transactions in 2013 for which we recognize revenue in 2013, our revenues and results of operations will be adversely affected, as was the case in 2012, in which we experienced a decline in revenues.

Because our solutions are complex and generally involve significant capital expenditures by customers, we may invest significant time and expense in trying to make a sale to a potential customer that ultimately chooses not to purchase our solutions. Our sales typically involve significant capital investment decisions by prospective customers, and often require us to expend a significant amount of time to educate prospective customers as to the benefits of our solutions, especially given current economic conditions. As a result, before purchasing our solutions, companies spend a substantial amount of time performing internal reviews and obtaining approvals. On occasion, we may be required to perform a proof of technology where we must prove the benefits of our technology in a prospect’s specific business environment. While these are typically performed for a fee, they may be performed at no charge or at a substantially reduced fee, thereby increasing our cost of sale with limited or no funds to cover the cost. Even if our solutions are effective, our target customers may not choose them for technical, cost, support or other reasons.

Revenues from our customer service and support solutions might be concentrated in a few large orders and a small number of customers, meaning that the loss of a significant customer or a failure to make even a small number of such sales could harm our results of operations.  During 2012, 2011 and 2010, revenues from our customer service and support solutions were derived from large orders from a small number of customers. In 2012, 2011 and 2010, two customers accounted for 40%, 50% and 44% of our total revenues, respectively. Currently, we believe that our revenues will continue to be dependent on a relatively limited number of significant customers for the foreseeable future, and we cannot assure you that we will make repeat sales to these customers. We also cannot assure you that new customers will purchase our products and services in the future. The failure to secure new key customers, the loss of key customers or significant reductions in sales from a key customer would significantly reduce our revenues and make it significantly more difficult for us to become profitable.

Competition in the market in which we operate is intense. If we are unable to compete effectively, the demand for, or the prices of, our products may be reduced.The markets in which we operate are competitive and subject to change. Our products compete with other customer experience optimization and customer service solutions offered by other vendors including NICE Systems, OpenSpan, Pega Systems and Kana. In addition, with our new product offering, Jacada Mobile Agent, we face new competitors in the mobile customer service space, including Voxeo, Fonolo and Interactive Intelligence. We expect additional competition from other established and emerging companies. Furthermore, our competitors may combine with each other and other companies may enter our markets by acquiring or entering into strategic relationships with our competitors.

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In addition, our potential customers may choose to deploy traditional CRM application software, or utilize their own information technology personnel or system integrators to write new code or rewrite existing applications in an effort to develop their own customer service and support solutions. As a result, prospective clients may decide against purchasing and implementing externally-developed solutions such as ours.

Many of our current and potential competitors have significantly greater financial, technical and marketing resources, greater name recognition and larger customer bases than we do. Our competitors may be able to develop products comparable or superior to ours; adapt more quickly than us to new technologies, evolving industry trends or customer requirements; or devote greater resources than we do to the development, promotion and sale of products. Accordingly, we may not be able to compete effectively in our markets, competition may intensify and future competition may harm our business.

We rely on our key personnel and key management members, whose knowledge of our business and technical expertise would be extremely difficult to replace. Our future success depends, to a certain degree, on the continued services of key management, as well as on our sales and technical personnel.  The loss of services of any of our key management for any reason could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We are also dependent on our ability to attract, retain and motivate highly skilled personnel. Competition for qualified personnel is intense in the markets in which we recruit. As a result, our ability to recruit and retain qualified candidates may be limited.

Our revenues could be adversely affected if we fail to recruit and retain consultants and other technical service personnel.  Sales of our customer service and support solutions require in many cases advance sales activity involving consultants and post-sale implementation and customization. We rely on our staff of professional consultants, other technical service personnel and subcontractors to implement our solutions after they are purchased by our customers. Unless we are able to recruit and retain professional consultants, other technical service personnel and subcontractors, or hire and train such personnel and subcontractors to replace those who leave us, it will be difficult for us to implement our solutions and obtain customer acceptance and to increase or possibly even maintain our present level of sales due to constraints on our capacity to implement sales.

Our future growth will be adversely affected and our future operating results may be adversely affected if we fail to develop and introduce new functionality for our products and new products for the customer service and support market or if our new products fail to achieve market acceptance.  In order to achieve sales growth we will need to develop and introduce new functionality for our customer service and support solutions and new products for our target market. Our ability to do so requires us to invest significant resources in research and development and in sales and marketing.  If we fail to develop, integrate and market new functionality or new products successfully, we may not be able to recover our research and development expenditures or our sales and marketing expenditures, which would adversely impact our operating results. Specifically, we have invested, and expect to continue to invest, significant resources in the development and marketing of our mobile customer service product offerings as well as products for other customer care self service methods such as IVR, web and social media. This segment of the customer service and support market is an evolving market and failure to achieve market acceptance of our products in this space may result in a failure to recover our development and marketing expenditures, which would adversely impact our operating results.

7

A majority of our revenues derives from the provision of professional services. We derive our revenues from license fees for our software products; fees for professional services (which include customization, implementation, and integration of our solutions); training; and maintenance and support services. In 2012, 2011, 2010 and2009 services revenues constituted a majority of our total revenues. Services revenues have lower gross margins than software revenues.  If we do not increase the portion of our total revenues attributable to software license fees or if we do not increase our professional services gross margins, we may not be able to achieve or maintain profitability.

Failure to deliver professional services efficiently could negatively impact our gross margins. Our limited experience and knowledge regarding the customer services and support market generally and the delivery of our products and solutions for this new market specifically may impact the efficiency of our professional services deliveries, as we may need to expend more resources in the delivery of professional services to a customer than we had originally estimated.  Any such extraneous expenditure of resources may negatively impact our professional services gross margins and our ability to achieve or maintain profitability. Additionally, failure to deliver professional services efficiently and to our customers’ satisfaction may increase the potential of termination of projects by our customers, especially given current economic conditions, since customers may be less flexible concerning budget and delivery dates.

In previous years, we experienced fluctuations in our periodic results of operations, which resulted, and may continue to result, in volatility in our share price. In previous years we experienced, and may continue to experience, fluctuations in our results of operations.  Factors that have contributed and may in the future contribute to fluctuations in our results of operations include: our ability to deliver our implementation and customization projects; customer acceptance of our products and solutions; the size and timing of orders; general economic conditions; market awareness; the capital spending patterns of our customers; customer concentration; and the timing of our product introductions or enhancements or that of our competitors or providers of complementary products. Because of these and other factors, our periodic revenues may fluctuate materially, especially in the current economic conditions. Therefore, the results of past periods should not be relied upon as an indication of our future performance.  It is likely that in some future periods, our operating results may again be below expectations of public market analysts or investors, which may cause our share price to decline.

Market factors, including the volume of shares traded and the market in which our shares are traded, may impact the volatility of our share price. The market price of our shares is volatile and the volume of the daily trading of our shares is very low. Effective October 2012, trading in our shares was transferred from the NASDAQ Global Market to the OTBQB Marketplace, a result of our failure to maintain the listing requirements of the NASDAQ Global Market. Our shares may furthermore be voluntarily deregistered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the Exchange Act. Therefore you may be unable to resell your shares at or above the price you paid, or at all and you may have access to less information about us. The risks described in this Item 3.D may adversely affect our share price.  Our share price, like that of many technology companies, may be subject to volatility. The volume of trading of our ordinary shares has also been very low, a factor that adversely impacts your ability to resell our shares. Our share price may be adversely affected by changes in estimates of our financial results or recommendations by securities analysts, changes in the quarterly financial results of companies perceived to be similar to us, and changes in market valuations of similar companies. In addition, if the market for stocks in our industry, or the stock market in general, experiences a loss of investor confidence, the trading price of our ordinary shares could decline for reasons unrelated to our business, financial condition or results of operations.

8

As a public company with fewer than 300 shareholders, we are also eligible to deregister our stock under the Exchange Act, and may decide to do so in the future in order to avoid the costs and resource demands related to being a public company in the United States. In the event that we take such action, we would no longer be required to file current or annual reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission and would no longer be subject to various substantive requirements of Exchange Act regulations, which would reduce the amount of information available to investors about us.

Any deregistration under the Exchange Act would adversely impact your ability to sell our shares in the market due to the resulting reduction in demand and loss in liquidity for our shares. Since our shares are traded in the over-the-counter market in the OTCQB, our shares may have significantly less liquidity than securities traded on a national securities exchange, including lower trading volumes, delays in the timing of transactions, reduced securities analyst and news coverage, and lower market prices.  In such case, we will be unable to ensure that market makers will make a market in our ordinary shares or that trading of our ordinary shares will continue in the United States.

A deregistration could also have other adverse effects, including limitations on our ability to issue additional securities for financing or other purposes, or to otherwise arrange for any financing that we need in the future, and a reduction in confidence in our company by current or prospective employees, customers, suppliers and others with whom we have, or may seek to initiate, business relationships.

We could be treated as a “passive foreign investment company”, which would have adverse United States federal income tax consequences to United States holders of our shares.  In such case, U.S. holders should consider making certain elections to avoid any accompanying adverse consequences. As a non-U.S. company, we could potentially be treated as a passive foreign investment company, or a PFIC, if either (1) at least 75% of our gross income for any taxable year consists of certain types of “passive income” (which we refer to as the Income Test) or (2) at least 50% of the average value of our assets produce or are held for the production of those types of “passive income” (which we refer to as the Asset Test).  Please see the discussion under “Item 10E. Taxation” for further details regarding these tests. We believe that we are not a PFIC for United States federal income tax purposes and we will attempt to manage our business so as to avoid PFIC status, to the extent consistent with our other business goals, but we cannot predict whether our business plans will allow us to avoid PFIC status in the future or whether our business plans will change in a manner that affects our PFIC determination. Ultimately, our status is a factual determination made annually and may be subject to change.  For 2009, we relied on a specific exemption from PFIC status, which requires, among other conditions, that we were never treated as a PFIC and that we were not treated as a PFIC in the next two following years.  If we were determined to be PFIC in any preceding year, or in either 2010 or 2011, we would not have satisfied this exemption and would have been deemed to have been a PFIC also in 2009. For 2010, 2011 and 2012, we passed both the Income Test and the Asset Test, as calculated using the “Domestic Look-through Rule” discussed below, and were therefore not considered a PFIC.

In 2010, we invested $9.9 million of our cash in the common stock of various U.S. corporations. We believe that under the “Domestic Look-through Rule” of Section 1298(b)(7) of the Internal Revenue Code, such stock is considered a non-passive asset for purposes of the Asset Test described above. As a result, we were in compliance with the Income Test and Asset Test in 2010, 2011 and 2012 and were not considered a PFIC. However, should the U.S. Internal Revenue Service, or the IRS, determine that, in its opinion, such common stock is a passive asset, we will have failed the Income Test and Asset Test and would be considered a PFIC.

9

If we are determined to be a PFIC, a U.S. Holder, as described in “Item 10E Taxation”, may be subject to less advantageous tax consequences upon the sale, exchange or receipt of dividends with respect to our ordinary shares and may be required to pay United States federal income tax at ordinary income rates for gains, dividends, as well as an interest charge on certain “excess distributions,” as explained later on.   Certain elections may mitigate these consequences and the making of these elections, or “protective elections”, may be particularly relevant this year given that our PFIC status depends on our non-PFIC status for all years prior to 2009 and on our not being a PFIC in both 2010 and 2011, and a favorable determination by the IRS as to the status of our common stocks held as marketable securities as non-passive assets for the years 2010, 2011 and 2012. See “Item 10E Taxation” for a more comprehensive discussion of our status in connection with the PFIC rules, our strategies for attempting to manage this risk and the United States federal income tax consequences if we were to be treated as a PFIC.

We expect to be subject to increasing risks of international operations. Currently we market and sell our products and services primarily in North America and Europe, from which areas we received approximately 97% of our total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2012. Managing our operations in North America and Europe requires significant management attention and financial resources. Further, we currently have limited experience in marketing and distributing our products in regions other than North America and Europe.  In 2012, we expanded our sales efforts into other international areas including India and Russia and expect to expand into Latin America in 2013. Our inability to increase our worldwide operations successfully could adversely impact our business.

Our products may contain unknown defects that could harm our reputation, result in product liability or decrease market acceptance of our products. Our products may contain errors or defects, particularly when first introduced or when new versions or enhancements are released. Although we have not experienced any material software defects to date, defects could cause our customers to experience system failures. Our customers depend on our software for their critical systems and business functions. Any errors or defects could:

· damage our reputation;

· increase our product development costs;

· divert our product development resources;

· expose us to monetary damages;

· cause us to lose future sales;

· negatively impact our services margins due to additional investment to correct product errors;

· damage our ability to deliver our solutions to the customer; or

· delay or diminish market acceptance of our products.

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Although we conduct extensive testing, we may not discover software defects that affect our products or enhancements until after they are sold. Furthermore, we are unable to test our products in each of the applications in which they are designed to work.

Certain of our products contain technology that we acquired or licensed from third parties.  Because we did not develop the technology ourselves, there may be errors in the technology of which we are not aware.  In addition, our products are integrated with our customers’ networks and software applications. The sale and support of our products may expose us to the risk of product liability or warranty claims based on damage to these networks or applications caused by the technology we developed or the technology developed by a third party and acquired by us. In addition, the failure of our products to perform to customer expectations could give rise to warranty or other claims. Any of these claims, even if not meritorious, could result in costly litigation or divert management’s attention and resources. We may not have sufficient funds or insurance coverage to satisfy any or all liability that may be imposed upon us with respect to these claims.

We may fail to maintain effective internal controls in accordance with Section 404(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or Sarbanes-Oxley, imposes certain duties on us and our executives and directors. Our efforts to comply with the requirements of Section 404(a) of Sarbanes-Oxley may result in increased general and administrative expense and a diversion of management time and attention. If we fail to maintain the adequacy of our internal controls, we may not be able to ensure that we can conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal controls over financial reporting. In the future, we may identify material weaknesses in our controls over financial reporting. Failure to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting could result in investigation or sanctions by regulatory authorities, and could have a material adverse effect on our operating results, investor confidence in our reported financial information, and the market price of our ordinary shares.

Negative conditions in the global credit and stock markets may impair the liquidity and value of our investment portfolio.  We invest our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities in a variety of investment vehicles in a number of countries with and in the custody of financial institutions with high credit ratings. In 2010, we invested $9.9 million of our cash in the common stock of various highly capitalized publicly traded corporations.  See “Item 10E Taxation” for more information regarding the purposes of these investments. In 2011, we sold the stock of one such corporation, resulting in proceeds of $1.6 million. In 2012, we sold portions of all of the common stocks in our portfolio, resulting in proceeds of $5.6 million. As of December 31, 2012, the outstanding fair value of the remaining investments was $5.8 million.

While our investment policy and strategy attempt to manage interest rate risk, limit credit risk, limit stock market risk, and limit our investments to what we view as high-quality securities, the outlook for our investment holdings is dependent on general economic conditions, interest rate trends and volatility in the financial and stock markets, which can all affect the income that we receive, the value of our investments, and our ability to sell them.  We believe that our marketable securities are carried at fair value. However, over time the economic and market environment may provide additional insight regarding the fair value of certain securities which could change our judgment regarding impairment. This could result in unrealized or realized losses relating to other than temporary declines being charged against future income. Given the current market conditions, there is continuing risk that declines in fair value may occur and additional impairments may be charged to income in future periods, resulting in realized losses. In addition, the investments in common stock that we made in 2010 are subject to risks associated with the stock market and the risks associated with each particular company whose common stock we hold, and if we need to liquidate some or all of those investments in order to access cash, we may be forced to sell such investments at a loss.

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Exchange rate fluctuations between the dollar and other currencies may negatively affect our results of operation. Our results of operations are reported in U.S. dollars, however, a significant portion of our revenues and expenses are generated and incurred outside of the United States and in currencies other than the U.S dollar, particularly in NIS (New Israeli Shekels), English Pounds and Euros. As a result, we are subject to foreign currency risk. Specifically, our sales in Europe and our expenses in Israel and Europe are recorded in local currencies. This exposes us to the direct risk of local currency devaluations or fluctuations against the U.S dollar. Fluctuations in exchange rates between the currencies in which our costs are incurred or revenues are recorded and the U.S. dollar may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. We use derivative financial instruments to further reduce our net exposure to currency exchange rate fluctuations in the major foreign currencies in which we operate. However, we cannot assure you that we will be able to effectively limit all of our exposure to currency exchange rate fluctuations, which could affect our financial results.

Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property

Our technology may be subject to infringement claims or may be infringed upon. Our success and ability to compete are substantially dependent upon our technology. Most of our intellectual property, other than our trademarks, consists of proprietary or confidential information that is not subject to patent or similar protection. Despite our efforts to protect our intellectual property rights, unauthorized third parties may attempt to copy or otherwise obtain and use the technology protected by those rights. Any infringement of our intellectual property could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, policing unauthorized use of our products is difficult and costly, particularly in countries where the laws may not protect our proprietary rights as fully as in the United States.

Although we do not believe that our products infringe upon any patent, trademark or other intellectual property rights of others, we cannot be certain that one or more persons will not make a claim of infringement against us. Any claims, with or without merit, could:

· be expensive and time-consuming to defend;

· cause product shipment and installation delays;

· divert management’s attention and resources; or

· require us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements, which may not be available on acceptable terms, or may not be available at all.

We incorporate open source technology in our products which may expose us to liability and have a material impact on our product development and sales.  Some of our products utilize open source technologies.  These technologies are licensed to us via varying license structures but include the general public license.  This license and others like it pose a potential risk to products that are integrated with these technologies.  For example, in the event we integrate into one of our products a technology covered under the general public license, we may be required to disclose our source code for the integrated product.  Disclosing our source code could enable our competitors to eliminate any technological advantage that our products may have over theirs, and thereby materially adversely affect our competitive advantage, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, from time to time there have been claims challenging the ownership of open source software against companies that incorporate open source software into their products. We use a limited amount of open source software in our products and may use more open source software in the future. As a result, we could be subject to suits by parties claiming ownership of what we believe to be open source software.

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A successful claim of product infringement against us or our failure or inability to license the infringed or similar technology could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Security breaches could compromise sensitive information belonging to us or our customers and could harm our business (including our intellectual property) and reputation.

The safeguarding of our information technology infrastructure is important to our business. A cyber-attack that bypasses our information technology (IT) security systems causing an IT security breach may lead to a material disruption of our IT business systems and/or the loss of business information, resulting in adverse business impact.  Adverse effects could include:

· adversely affected future results of operations due to the theft, destruction, loss, misappropriation or release of our or our customers' confidential data or our intellectual property;

· operational or business delays resulting from the disruption of IT systems and subsequent clean-up and mitigation activities; and

· negative publicity resulting in reputation or brand damage with our customers, partners or industry peers.

Risks Related to Our Location in Israel

Israeli courts might not enforce judgments rendered outside of Israel.  We are incorporated under the laws of the State of Israel and we maintain significant operations in Israel. Certain of our officers and directors reside outside of the United States. Therefore, you might not be able to enforce any judgment obtained in the United States against us or any of such persons. Additionally, you might not be able to bring civil actions under United States securities laws if you file a lawsuit in Israel. We have been advised by our Israeli counsel that, subject to certain limitations, Israeli courts may enforce a final executory judgment of a United States court for liquidated amounts in civil matters after a hearing in Israel, provided that certain conditions are met.  If a foreign judgment is enforced by an Israeli court, it will be payable in Israeli currency.

 Conditions in and around Israel could adversely affect our operations. Because our research and development facilities are located in Israel, we are directly influenced by the political, economic and military conditions affecting Israel. Since the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, a number of armed conflicts have taken place between Israel and its Arab neighbors. Despite the negotiations towards peace between Israel and certain of its Arab neighbors, the future of these peace efforts is uncertain.  From October 2000 until recently, there was a significant increase in violence primarily in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip and negotiations between Israel and Palestinian representatives have ceased for periods of time. In January 2006, Hamas, the Islamic Resistance Movement, won the majority of the seats in the Parliament of the Palestinian Authority. The election of a majority of Hamas-supported candidates in the Palestinian Parliament and the tension among the different Palestinian factions may create additional unrest and uncertainty.  Hamas does not recognize Israel's right to exist as a state and Israel considers Hamas to be a terrorist organization. During December 2008 and January 2009, Israel was engaged in an armed conflict with Hamas and during the summer of 2006, Israel was engaged in an armed conflict with Hezbollah, a Lebanese Islamist Shiite militia group and political party. In November 2012, when Hamas increased the scope and intensity of its rocket attacks against Israeli civilian targets, Israel commenced a military operation in Gaza in an attempt to prevent the rocket attacks and disrupt the capabilities of the militant organization. These recent conflicts involved missile strikes against civilian targets Israel, and negatively affected business conditions in Israel. There can be no assurance that attacks on Israel will not reach our facilities, which could result in significant disruption of our business. Any major hostilities involving Israel, a significant increase in terrorism or the interruption or curtailment of trade between Israel and its present trading partners could materially adversely affect our operations. In addition, the current tension between the Western world and Israel, on the one hand, and the Islamic Republic of Iran, on the other hand, over the latter’s nuclear weapons program carries with it the potential for armed conflict that may involve Israel. Any renewed hostilities or other factors related to Israel could have a material adverse effect on us or on our business or adversely affect our share price.

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Generally, all non-exempt male adult citizens and permanent residents of Israel under the age of 45 (or older, for citizens with certain occupations), including some of our officers, directors and employees, are obligated to perform military reserve duty annually, and are subject to being called to active duty at any time under emergency circumstances.  The absence of these employees for significant periods may cause us difficulties in our operations.  Additionally, a number of countries continue to restrict or ban business with Israel or Israeli companies, which may limit our ability to make sales in those countries.

Any failure to obtain the tax benefits from the State of Israel that we anticipate receiving could adversely affect our plans and prospects. Pursuant to the Law for the Encouragement of Capital Investments, 1959, the Israeli government has granted “Approved Enterprise” status to our existing capital investment programs under the Alternative Benefits Program. Consequently, we are eligible for certain tax benefits for the first several years in which we generate taxable income. However, we have not yet begun to generate taxable income for purposes of this law. Once we begin to generate taxable income, our financial results could suffer if our tax benefits are significantly reduced.

In order to receive tax benefits, we must comply with a number of conditions and criteria. If we fail to comply in whole or in part with these conditions and criteria, we will not be entitled to the tax benefits.  Although we believe that we have operated and will continue to operate in compliance with the required conditions, we cannot assure you that this will continue.

We cannot assure you that these tax benefits will be continued in the future at their current levels or at all. The termination or reduction of tax benefits (assuming that we generate taxable income that would enable us to utilize those benefits) could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. An amendment to the tax law, effective as of January 1, 2011 modifies the benefit tracks.  See “Item 9E: Law for the Encouragement of Capital Investments, 5719-1959” for a description of such amendment. We cannot assure you that we will, in the future, be eligible to receive tax benefits under this law. In addition, in the event that we increase our activities outside of the State of Israel, these activities generally will not be eligible for inclusion in Israeli tax benefit programs. Accordingly, if we are found ineligible for these anticipated tax benefits, our future expected corporate taxes payable could increase significantly.

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Certain provisions of our articles of association and of Israeli law could delay, hinder or prevent a change in our control.  Our articles of association contain provisions which could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire control of us, even if that change would be beneficial to our shareholders.  For example, our articles of association provide that our board of directors is divided into four classes, three of which serve three-year terms.  In addition, certain provisions of the Israeli Companies Law, which we refer to as the Companies Law, could also delay or otherwise make more difficult a change in control.  The provisions of the Companies Law relating to mergers and acquisitions are discussed in greater detail in “Item 10.B: Memorandum and Articles of Association.”

As a foreign private issuer, we are subject to less stringent reporting requirements than domestic filers, which may negatively impact the volume of our shares traded and the volatility of our stock price. As a foreign private issuer, we are required to report our financial results annually and are not required to report quarterly financial results as required of domestic filers. As a result, limited interim financial information may depress the volume of our shares traded, increasing the volatility of our stock price.

We may fail to continue to qualify as a foreign private issuer, making us subject to more stringent reporting requirements, which may cause us to incur additional expenses and negatively impact our results of operations. We currently meet the qualifications as a foreign private issuer. A foreign private issuer is a corporation incorporated under the laws of a foreign country except for a corporation meeting the following conditions as of the last business day of its second fiscal quarter: (1) more than fifty percent (50%) of the corporation’s voting securities are held by record, directly or indirectly, by residents of the United States and (2) any of the following conditions: (i) the majority of its executive officers or directors are United States citizens or residents, (ii) more than 50% of its assets are located in the United States and (iii) the business of the issuer is administered primarily in the United States. Because the shareholders of record may constantly change, or because we may be required, for sound business reasons, to shift our executive officers, assets or administration to the United States, we could fail to meet the qualifications as a foreign private issuer as of the end of our second fiscal quarter. Should we fail to meet the qualifications as a foreign private issuer, we will no longer be eligible to use the Securities and Exchange Commission reporting forms and rules designated for foreign private issuers, beginning with the first day of the fiscal year following the determination date. This would make us subject to substantially more reporting and general and administrative expenses, thus negatively impacting our financial results.

Item 4: INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY

A.           History and Development of the Company

Our legal and commercial name is Jacada Ltd.  We were incorporated under the laws of the State of Israel in December 1990 as a limited liability company.  On August 9, 1999, we changed our name from Client/Server Technology Ltd. to Jacada Ltd. Our commercial name is Jacada. Our registered office in Israel is 11 Shenkar Street, Herzliya 46725 Israel and our telephone number is 972-9-952-5900.  Our agent in the United States is Oren Shefler, whose address is 5901 Peachtree Dunwoody Rd. Building B Suite 550, Atlanta, Georgia 30328. Our address on the Internet is http://www.jacada.com.  The information on our website is not incorporated into this Annual Report.  We operate under the Companies Law.

Between October 1999 and October 2012, our ordinary shares were listed on the NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol “JCDA.”  Our ordinary shares were also listed on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange, or the TASE, under the same symbol or its Hebrew equivalent commencing on June 18, 2001. On October 9, 2011 we voluntarily delisted our ordinary shares from the TASE. On October 2012, our shares were delisted from the NASDAQ Global Market and since then trading in our shares is conducted in the over-the-counter market in the OTCQB Marketplace under the symbol " JCDAF".

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  Prior to the introduction of our customer service and support market products we had been operating in the application integration and web-enablement market for 16 years. We refer to this market as our “traditional market business.” In January 2008 we sold the intellectual property and related customer contracts associated with the Jacada products that were associated with our traditional market business— (specifically, Jacada Interface Server and Jacada Integrator, also known as Jacada HostFuse, Jacada Studio, Jacada Innovator and Jacada Terminal Emulator)— for $26 million in cash. Under the terms of the transaction we retained the right to develop, market, sell and support Jacada Interface Server and Jacada HostFuse in support of our customer service and support business.

Since 2004, we have focused our business on the development, marketing and support of customer experience management and process optimization solutions that simplify and automate customer service processes.  We refer to this market as the “customer service and support market.” Our solutions bridge disconnected systems into a single, “intelligent” workspace, without requiring modification or replacement of existing systems, and help companies deliver an improved experience to their customers. Contact centers worldwide are using our solutions to automate complex processes, improve customer satisfaction and loyalty, reduce operational costs, and enforce and monitor compliance with regulatory policies and procedures.

In the third quarter of 2012, we introduced Jacada Mobile Agent, our mobile customer service product offering. Our mobile customer service products simplify and accelerate customer service to users of smart phones and mobile devices by providing visual self service flows. We expect that the use of this technology will result in a substantially reduced number of calls to the call center and reduced handling time.

We have a total solution, comprised of a customer engagement methodology, products and expertise, to help companies improve their contact center operations and provide their customer with a consistent experience across all channels, including voice, mobile, and IVR.  Our solutions are uniquely able to solve several business problems that lead to poor customer interactions, as we offer an end-to-end unified desktop, mobile self-service and customer experience optimization solutions.

Typical users of our customer service and support solutions are medium to large businesses with inbound contact centers that typically have in excess of 100 agent positions. Some of the companies that have purchased our customer service and support solutions include Cox Communications, Capita Business Services, Lillian Vernon, Quelle Contact Vertrieb,  Central Hudson Gas & Electric, Station Casinos, Telefonica O2 UK, Nationwide Insurance, E.ON, Permanent General Insurance Companies, Kabel Deutschland, Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Massachusetts and Ziggo.

See Items 5 and 18 of this annual report on Form 20-F for a description of our capital expenditures for the past three fiscal years through the date of this annual report.  Other than the sale of our traditional market business as described in this Item above, we have made no divestitures during the same time period. In addition, we are not currently engaged in a capital divestiture and our current capital expenditures are for computers, software and peripheral equipment.  These capital expenditures are financed with our internal cash resources.

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In February 2008 our board of directors authorized the use of up to $10 million of our available cash to repurchase our ordinary shares through transactions under Rule 10b-18 of the Exchange Act. Through August 2008 we repurchased 149,020 shares for a total purchase price of $2.18 million under this program. Purchases were made from time to time at the discretion of our management in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions, subject to, among other factors, market conditions, trading volume and our share price. No time limit was set for this program; however, we suspended the program upon commencement of our self tender offer in August 2008. In September 2008, we repurchased 962,776 of our ordinary shares under a self tender offer for total consideration of approximately $15.68 million.

In October 2010 our shareholders authorized our management to effect a reverse stock split with respect to our share capital at a ratio of one (1) share for every four (4) shares outstanding. Such reverse stock split was effected November 9, 2010.

We are not aware of any public takeover offers by third parties in respect of our shares, and we have made no public takeover offers in respect of other companies’ shares during fiscal years 2012 or 2013.

B.           Business Overview

Industry Overview

Since 2004, we have focused our business on the development, marketing and support of customer experience management and process optimization solutions that simplify and automate customer service processes. In the third quarter of 2012 we introduced Jacada Mobile Agent, our mobile customer service product offering, designed to improve the customer experience, by offering sophisticated self-service capabilities to smart phone and mobile device users. We refer to this market as the “customer service and support market.” Prior to the introduction of our customer service and support market products we had been operating in the application integration and web-enablement market for 16 years. We refer to this market as our “traditional market business.”

Customer Service and Support Market

In today’s highly competitive markets, companies increasingly focus on the provision of customer service as a means of increasing customer satisfaction and customer retention rates. For most companies, the key organization involved in this effort is the company’s contact center, or call center, whose personnel are directly customer-facing.

To provide quality customer service, customer service representatives must be able to answer customer’s questions quickly, handle any request the customer may have, and do so in an efficient and pleasant manner. One of the significant challenges in the provision of quality customer service is the complexity of the customer service representative desktop. This is due both to the number of software applications on the customer service representative’s computer desktop and to the complexity of the applications used on the desktop. Most customer service representatives must manage three or more applications on their desktop, including billing, inventory, delivery tracking, call tracking and customer relationship management, or CRM, applications, and many customer service representatives have six, eight, ten or more applications that they must learn and manage.

The number of applications on the typical customer service representative desktop is increasing due to the broader range of services that organizations are demanding of contact centers and the desire for agents to resolve calls during the first contact with the customer.  These applications are often a combination of Windows, web and host centric applications that are not integrated, and many of these applications have a unique user interface that customer service representatives must master to perform their jobs.

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The complex customer service representative desktop results in:

· Long average call handle times, or AHT;

· Long and expensive training programs for the customer service representative;

· High rate of call back or need to escalate calls to a more experienced agent;

· High customer service representative turnover; and

· Poor customer satisfaction and low customer retention.

Our Solutions

 We develop, market and support unified agent desktop, mobile self service and process optimization solutions that simplify and automate customer service processes and help organizations improve their customer experience.  By bridging disconnected systems into a single, “intelligent” workspace, our customer service and support market solutions create greater operational efficiency and increase agent and customer satisfaction. Our customer service and support market products simplify the desktop of customer service representatives to reduce operational costs and improve the customer experience. Our mobile customer service solutions allow our customers to deliver consistent customer service across multiple interaction channels such as smart-phone applications and web self service. Our solutions provide our clients’ organizations with a simplified customer service interaction designed to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of their customer service organization.

Benefits

Our solutions for the customer service and support market provide the following business benefits:

· Reducing operating expense. Because our customer service and support market products present users with a single interface through which applications are accessed, they eliminate the need to navigate through and between applications. Therefore, they eliminate redundant data entry, cut keystrokes and streamline or even eliminate process steps, including time consuming call wrap-up processes, thereby generating greater agent efficiency.  This enables increased first call resolution, significant reduction in average handle times and operating costs and reduced error rates.

· Significantly reducing customer service representative training costs.  By simplifying the customer service representative desktop and reducing the number of applications with which a customer service representative must interact, our contact center solutions allow our customers to significantly reduce their customer service representative training costs.

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· Increasing revenue opportunities. By reducing average handle times and making it easier for customer service representatives to access all of the data needed to answer a customer’s question or complete a customer’s request, our customer service and support market products enable customer service representatives to perform increased sales activities. Our scripting technologies help guide the agent through sales campaigns, leading to potentially greater revenue opportunities.

· Improving user and customer experience. Reduced average handle times and increased first call resolution enable our customers to improve their customers’ experience, helping generate increased customer satisfaction and loyalty. The access to multiple platforms through one user-friendly interface also improves the experience of the customer service representative, leading to improved customer service representative morale and productivity.

· Seamless transition between self service and assisted service channels and reduced inbound call volume through increased self-service resolution. Jacada Mobile Agent bridges the gap between self service and traditional customer service contact channels and improves self service capabilities. This results in a consistent customer service experience through the various channels, reduced call handle times and reduced number of inbound calls.

Our technology and approach to delivering solutions provide the following implementation benefits:

· Leverage Existing Information Technology Resources.   Our solutions permit companies to integrate their existing applications without modifying or replacing any existing systems.  This eliminates the need for time-consuming and expensive custom programming or application upgrades or replacement projects.

· Allow Rapid Implementation.   We design our solutions to be implemented rapidly, which results in faster time-to-market than internally developed solutions or packaged application software implementations.

· Flexibility to Adapt to Evolving Business Needs.   We design our solutions to work effectively even as companies modify existing and add new applications in response to their evolving business needs. The access to multiple platforms through one interface also allows companies to respond more quickly to customer demands and changes in the marketplace as new business rules and processes can be adopted through the single user interface without rewriting any application code or data.

· Reliability and Scalability.   Our solutions are designed to provide the reliability required for applications that are critical to the operation of businesses, and are easily scalable to accommodate additional users in response to evolving business needs.

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Products and Technology

Our products include:

Jacada® WorkSpace Agent Desktop. Jacada WorkSpace Agent Desktop is a built for purpose solution that unifies customer interaction tools and provides a single access point to all the mission-critical applications required by the customer service representativesto effectively complete a customer interaction. Jacada WorkSpace Agent Desktop delivers a wide range of capabilities that enable companies to freely implement optimal contact center processes and maximize customer service representative productivity.  Jacada WorkSpace Agent Desktop eliminates the inefficiency of a desktop maze by providing an agent with a single interface to access the multitude of disparate systems and resources needed to effectively perform his or her job.  In addition, by using dynamic, role-based desktop controls, Jacada WorkSpace Agent Desktop enables companies to transform product-specific or function-specific agents to ‘universal’ agents, maximizing agent productivity and reducing operational costs.

Jacada® Mobile Agent. Jacada Mobile Agent enables end users to engage in a mobile self-service session through a smart phone application which visually maps out the steps of the customer service interaction. This visual interaction, or Visual IVR, has full support for data entry and sophisticated self-service capabilities, including being able to proactively mine knowledge bases for information and retrieve or update customer information in real time. Jacada Mobile Agent connects the customer’s self-serve interaction directly with a company’s underlying line of business applications to solve their problem. For calls that do require agent assistance, however, Jacada Mobile Agent provides a seamless transition to the voice channel from the self-service channel. Once the call is connected to the agent, all of the steps already taken by the customer, as well as any data entered, are visible to the agent. By doing so, customers will not have to repeat information. Additionally, the underlying systems can be pre-populated with the customer information, adding a further benefit of reduced handle times.

Jacada® Advisor. Jacada Advisor helps call centers improve customer service by providing real-time agent guidance, simplifying applications and automating redundant or repetitive tasks. Jacada Advisor works by capturing processes performed on an application and then automating all or parts of the process. Agents can be guided as to the next best action to perform using small pop-up’s or “bubbles” that are provided in real-time in context to the current action being performed. In addition, Jacada Advisor can monitor the activities of an Agent in an application and automatically automate routine tasks, as and when appropriate. Thanks to its flexible customer interaction scripting capabilities, the customer experience can be tailored and adjusted to deliver an optimal experience using a graphical rule based environment.

Jacada® Integration and Automation (JIA). Jacada Integration and Automation (formerly Jacada® WinFuse) is a non-invasive integration solution that allows companies to web-enable and integrate their Microsoft Windows client/server and web-based applications without modifying or changing anything in the existing application.   Jacada Integration and Automation enables organizations to leverage their existing Windows client/server and web-based applications to automate business processes and seamlessly integrate and transfer data from one application to another.  Jacada Integration and Automation can work with most graphic user interface technologies (Web and Windows based), which enables it to automate most Windows/Web applications.

Jacada Integration and Automation web service-enables Windows client/server or web-based applications. Without changing anything in the original application, and without needing to access the source code, Jacada Integration and Automation enables organizations to automate interactions with their applications and “drive” the system as a user would, navigating a series of Windows forms or web pages, and inserting or retrieving data as required.  Jacada Integration and Automation exposes these interactions as Web services that can be integrated into any J2EE or .NET composite application in a scalable and secure fashion.

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By service-enabling any Windows-based or web-based application, Jacada Integration and Automation provides for the rapid adoption of service-oriented architectures (SOA), enabling IT to rapidly deliver new functionality.

Jacada® Agent Scripting. Jacada Agent Scripting (formerly Jacada® Interaction Manager) guides the customer service agent through an optimized interaction with the customer. A typical contact center interaction contains elements of “guidance language” presented to the agent as a best practice suggestion regarding how to answer the customer’s inquiry, mandatory language that must be read for compliance reasons, business rules to determine what the agent may offer or do next, and workflow between these steps to ensure that all necessary information is gathered and presented to the customer. Jacada Agent Scripting deploys in conjunction with Jacada WorkSpace ensuring seamless cooperation between the customer interaction workflow and the multiple business systems controlled by Jacada WorkSpace.

JacadaÒ HostFuse.  Jacada HostFuse (formerly Jacada Integrator) is a software solution for integrating core host-centric business systems, including the data and processes in those systems, with multiple packaged applications, frameworks and client environments. Users of Jacada HostFuse enjoy the benefits of on-line, real-time integration with back-office applications without rewriting any of their existing systems.

JacadaÒ Interface Server.  Jacada Interface Server generates graphical user interfaces for mainframe and midrange software applications without requiring any change to the host applications. By generating Java or HTML graphical interfaces, Jacada Interface Server enables our customers to extend their host-centric applications and data to the Internet and their intranets without rewriting these applications. In addition, Jacada Interface Server provides the modern graphical features users expect from today’s applications. Jacada Interface Server also allows customers to enhance their applications to add functionality, integrate with other data sources and link to other Internet applications.

Our intellectual property rights in the Jacada Interface Server and the Jacada HostFuse products were sold in January 2008 as part of the sale of our traditional market business. We are licensed to develop and sell these products under an irrevocable license agreement. Our license to sell these products, on a stand-alone basis, is limited to sales for the use by our customers in their customer services and support business. See “Item 4A History and Development of the Company”.

Professional Services   

Our professional services include training, consulting services (which include installation, implementation, integration and customization of our solutions), solution support and maintenance services and product support and maintenance services.

We provide our direct customers and our partners with professional services to assist them with installing, integrating, implementing and customizing our products into the customers’ systems, and with managing and enhancing their utilization of our products on an ongoing basis. We also provide customer and partner training services to assist our customers and partners in learning how to use our products with coursework related to various aspects of our products.

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We bill for our professional consulting services (which includes installation, implementation, integration and customization of our solutions), either on a fixed fee basis or by the hour plus out-of-pocket expenses, and for training services by the day plus out-of-pocket expenses.

Product support and maintenance services are provided to our customers through agreements under which we provide technical support to our software products by telephone, fax, e-mail and the Internet and provide updates, upgrades and fixes to our software products. Customers can select between standard support and maintenance services, offered during business hours, or enhanced support and maintenance services, offered 24 hours per day, seven days per week. In addition, we offer our customers solution support and maintenance services which include support and maintenance services for our products and the work product deliverables that were provided as part of our professional services. Our customers may purchase support and maintenance services for 12 months after the initial purchase of our solutions, renewable annually thereafter.

Principal Markets

Our principal markets are North America and Europe.We generate revenues from licensing our software products to customers and providing customers with training, professional services, product or solution support and maintenance services. Software licenses revenues constituted approximately 10%, 9% and 10% of our total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively, while professional services, support and maintenance revenues constituted approximately 90%, 91% and 90% of our total revenues, respectively, for the same periods.  Software licenses revenues generated from North American customers constituted approximately 8% of our total revenues in each of the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, while professional services, support and maintenance revenues generated from North American customers constituted approximately 50%, 39% and 44% of our total revenues, respectively, for the same periods.  Software license revenues generated from European customers constituted approximately 1% of our total revenues in each of the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, while professional services, support and maintenance revenues generated from European customers constituted approximately 38%, 50% and 46% of our total revenues, respectively, for the same periods.

Seasonality

Not applicable.

Sources and Availability of Raw Materials

Not applicable.

Sales and Marketing

We sell our products through our direct sales force in North America, Europe, Asia and Latin America, as well as through our indirect distribution channels, consisting of system integrators, partners and call center outsourcers. We also use indirect distribution channels in countries where we have no direct sales operations. As of December 31, 2012, we had 17 people in our sales and marketing organization, compared to 15 as of December 31, 2011.

During 2012 we maintained our business arrangements with our strategic indirect sales channels for our customer service and support solutions and also invested in the establishment of arrangements with new indirect channels. Our indirect distribution channels, which act as independent sales agents and value added resellers  for our customer service and support products include Accenture, a global management consulting, technology services and outsourcing provider, and IBM Global Services, Tieto and Wipro, each a large global IT services provider. It is our expectation that our indirect distribution channels will extend our market reach by increasing market awareness of our solutions and presenting us to potential customers. We intend to continue to invest in 2013 in the development of our indirect sales channels.

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Our marketing efforts are focused on generating demand for our solutions and developing greater awareness among target customers of our solutions and the benefits they can provide. We market our products and services through a range of vehicles, including electronic media, such as e-mail and other online vehicles, social media, traditional media (public relations), webinars and through traditional demand generation channels. We have developed a wide range of collateral materials and sales tools that are used by both our direct sales force and indirect distribution channels. These materials include videos, testimonials, brochures, white papers, case studies, press releases and our website.

Customers

Our customers include end users to whom we sell our products and services directly, system integrators, partners, distributors and other intermediaries who resell our products to end users, and end users who purchase our products from such distributors and other intermediaries. A typical customer for our solutions is a business that:

· possesses an inbound contact center with 100 or more agents who manage repetitive call types such as billing, claims, service activation, etc;

· recently completed a merger or acquisition resulting in an organization with disparate systems and processes;

· operates complex business processes that require repetitive data entry by the contact center agent or inputting of various pieces of data across multiple screens;  

· possesses host-based legacy systems as systems of record;

· does not use its CRM system as the primary system of record, or where the CRM is the primary system of record, the user interface is inefficient; and

· has a strategic initiative to outsource its IT development, especially around the contact center.

Some examples of the industries in which our customers operate and their uses of our products include:

· Telecommunications providers, which use our solutions to assist in streamlining and automating their customer service process, billing inquiries, account changes, and to generally improve the productivity and efficiency of their contact center.

· Insurance companies, which use our solutions to modernize their contact center applications, enable Web access to these applications for customers to update account information via the Internet, and integrate their customer information systems with CRM applications.

· Public utility providers, which use our solutions to automate critical call processes and integrate their existing business systems into a simplified customer service desktop, reduce customer service agent desktop complexity and optimize key customer service processes in their contact centers in order to reduce agent training time, increase agent productivity and improve overall customer service.

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Research and Development  

We believe that strong product development is essential to our strategy of continuing to enhance and expand the capabilities of our products. We have invested significant time and resources in creating a structured process for undertaking all product development. This process involves several functional groups at all levels within our organization and is designed to provide a framework for defining and addressing the activities required to bring product concepts and development projects to market successfully. In addition, we have recruited and intend in the future to recruit key software engineers and developers with experience in Java, .Net, communications, expert systems, Windows internals and Internet technologies. Our research and development efforts, which include internal development as well as acquisition of technology components, are primarily focused on enhancing and adding functionality to our customer service and support products as well as adding new products based on our expectations of future technologies and industry trends.

Our research and development expenses were $3.5 million, $2.9 million and $3.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.  As of both December 31, 2012 and 2011, 21 professionals were engaged in research and development activities. See also “Item 5: Operating and Financial Review and Prospects, A. Operating Results, Total Operating Expenses.”

Dependence on Patents and Licenses

We are generally not dependent on any third party license or patent with respect to our technology for the customer service and support products. However, sales of our customer services and support products often include licenses to our traditional market products as part of the solution we provide to our customers. Our rights to develop and sell our traditional market products are granted to us under an irrevocable license agreement which we have entered into as part of the sale of our traditional market business. Our license to sell those products, on a stand-alone basis, is limited to sales for the use by our customers in their customer service and support business. See “Item 4A: History and Development of the Company.”  As part of that asset sale we also sold the two patents that we owned with respect to portions of our traditional market products technology.

The Jacada Agent Scripting product, which is a component of our customer service and support products, is based on technology licensed to us under a license agreement that we entered into in April 2007. That license includes the right to access the source code of such products and the right to modify, enhance and support such source code.

Certain features of our Jacada Workspace Agent Desktop product are based on technology licensed to us under a distribution agreement that we entered into in October 2012. The distribution agreement provides for a royalty based right to distribute the technology bundled with our own products, or on a stand-alone basis.

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Competition  

The markets in which we operate are extremely competitive and subject to rapid change. We believe that the competitive factors affecting the markets for our products and services include:

· product functionality and features;

· our ability to successfully deliver our projects/solutions

· ease of product implementation;

· availability of global support;

· relationships with key distribution partners;

· existing vendor relationships;

· quality of customer support services;

· product reputation; and

· financial stability of vendors.

The relative importance of each of these factors depends upon the specific customer environment. Although we believe that our products and services currently compete favorably, we may not be able to maintain our competitive position against current and potential competitors. The mobile customer service space, which we entered in the third quarter of 2012 with the introduction of our Jacada Mobile Agent product, is an emerging market and, while we believe our product will compete favorably with others in this market, we may not be able to gain a competitive advantage in this space. In addition, many companies choose to deploy their own information technology personnel or utilize system integrators to write new code or rewrite existing applications in an effort to develop new solutions. As a result, prospective customers may decide against purchasing and implementing externally developed and produced solutions such as ours.

Our customer service and support products compete with other contact center solutions offered by vendors including OpenSpan, NICE Systems, Pega Systems, Cicero and Kana. In addition, with our new product offering, Jacada Mobile Agent, we face new competitors in the mobile customer service space, including Voxeo, Fonolo and Interactive Intelligence. We expect additional competition from other established and emerging companies.Furthermore, our competitors may combine with each other, or other companies may enter our markets by acquiring or entering into strategic relationships with our competitors. In addition, our potential customers may choose to deploy traditional CRM application software, or utilize their own information technology personnel or system integrators, to write new code or rewrite existing applications in an effort to develop their own customer service and support solutions.

Material Effects of Government Regulation in Israel

Pursuant to the Law for the Encouragement of Capital Investments, 1959, or the Capital Investment Law, the Israeli government has granted “Approved Enterprise” status to our existing capital investment programs under the Alternative Benefits Program. Consequently, we are eligible for certain tax benefits for the first several years in which we generate taxable income. In April 2005 and January 2011, the Capital Investment Law was amended to revise the criteria for qualifying for tax benefits under this law.  See “Item 10.E Taxation” for more information.

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As of December 31, 2012, we had not yet begun to generate taxable income for purposes of the Capital Investment Law. Once we do generate taxable income, if we fail to comply in whole or in part with the conditions and criteria set forth under this law, the tax benefits that we receive could be partially or fully canceled and we could be forced to refund the amount of the benefits we may receive, adjusted for inflation and interest.

As of December 31, 2012 we believe that we are in compliance with all of the conditions required by the law.

We cannot assure you that we will, in the future, be eligible to receive tax benefits under this law.  In addition, we cannot assure you that these tax benefits will be continued in the future at their current levels or at all. The termination or reduction of tax benefits could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, in the event that we increase our activities outside of the State of Israel, these activities generally will not be eligible for inclusion in Israeli tax benefit programs. Accordingly, if we are found ineligible for these anticipated tax benefits, our future expected corporate taxes payable could increase significantly.

C.           Organizational structure

We own 100% of the stock of Jacada, Inc., a corporation organized under the laws of the State of Delaware and 100% of the stock of Jacada (Europe) Limited, a company organized under the laws of England. Jacada (Europe) Limited owns 100% of the stock of Jacada Deutschland GmbH, a limited liability company organized under the laws of Germany. In October 2012 we sold 100% of the stock of Jacada Nordic AB, a company organized under the laws of Sweden, which had been fully owned by Jacada (Europe) Limited.

D.           Property, Plants and Equipment

Our headquarters and principal administrative, research and development operations are located in approximately 7,100 square feet of leased office space in Herzliya, Israel. This lease expires in March 2015.

In the United States, we lease approximately 11,000 square feet in Atlanta, Georgia, which we utilize for marketing, sales, administration, service and technical support. The lease expires in June 2017.

Item 4A: UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

Not applicable.

Item 5:  OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS

A.            Operating Results

Overview

We develop, market and support customer experience management and process optimization solutions that simplify and automate customer service processes.  By bridging disconnected systems into a single, “intelligent” workspace, and by improving our customers' self service capabilities through various services channels like a smart phone application, our solutions create greater operational efficiency and increase agent and customer satisfaction. We also provide related professional services, including training, consulting, support and maintenance.

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We were incorporated in December 1990. In 2004, we introduced Jacada Fusion and elected initially to target corporate customer contact centers. Jacada Fusion may be also used by our customers for back office applications.  In the third quarter of 2005, we introduced a solution specifically for customer service representatives called Jacada WorkSpace, now known as Jacada WorkSpace Agent Desktop.

In the third quarter of 2012 we introduced Jacada Mobile Agent, our first mobile customer service product offering, designed to improve the customer experience, by offering sophisticated self-service capabilities to smart phone and mobile device users.

 For the year ended December 31, 2012, our revenues decreased to $10.8 million from $12.4 million in the prior year. Over the past three years, the continuing weakness and uncertainty in the economy impacted revenues as some prospective customers postponed decisions for large projects or lengthened their decision cycle to ensure that they had an adequate return on investment before contracting for a customer service and support solution. As a result, we continued to experience long sales cycles. In addition, we were subject to increased competition from vendors offering smaller scale and less expensive solutions. Consequently, we faced increasing pricing pressure.

However, during 2011 and 2012, we put in place measures that would facilitate revenue growth. These measures included the introduction of new versions of our products which ease the implementation, requiring less investment from our customers and improving their return on investment. These measures also included the introduction of new products to expand our market and potential for new revenues. To accomplish this, we invested a larger portion of our revenues in research and development, resulting in new versions of Jacada Workspace Agent Desktop, Jacada Integration and Automation, Jacada Agent Scripting as well as new products, including Jacada Advisor and Jacada Mobile Agent, our first product in the mobile customer service market. At this same time, we increased our sales and marketing expenditures, focused on new territories, for example India and Russia, and marketing programs for our new products and markets, for example investing in analyst coverage of the emerging mobile customer service market.

While increasing our investment in research and development, we have taken other steps to reduce our general and administrative expenses, primarily focused on public operating costs.

We had a net loss of $6.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2012, compared to a net loss of $6.8 million in the year ended December 31, 2011.  Despite the reduction in revenue 2012 and the increased investment in research and development and sales and marketing, the significant savings in general and administrative expenses, as well as improved gross margins in services, allowed us to reduce our loss from 2011 to 2012.

In 2012, we derived approximately 40% of our revenue from two customers. To the extent that this trend continues, our revenues will be dependent on a relatively limited number of significant customers. The failure to secure new key customers, the loss of key customers or the occurrence of significant reductions in sales from a key customer would cause our revenues to significantly decrease and make it significantly more difficult for us to become profitable.

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Revenue Sources

We generally sell our software as part of an overall solution offered to customers that combines the sale of software licenses with services, which normally include significant customization, implementation and integration. As a result, combined license and service revenues are generally recognized over the course of these projects, using the percentage of completion method of accounting and in accordance with software revenue recognition authoritative guidance. Maintenance, also called post-contract support or PCS, includes telephone support, bug repairs, and rights to receive upgrades and enhancements to licensed software on a when-and-if-available basis. We sell our products primarily through our direct sales force to customers and indirectly through resellers. Both the customers and the resellers are considered end users.

Cost of Revenues

Our costs of revenues are comprised of (a) costs of software licenses, (b) costs of services and (c) costs of maintenance.

Cost of software licenses revenues consists of royalties and costs of duplicating media and documentation.

Cost of services and maintenance revenues consists of compensation expense, related overhead and subcontractor costs for personnel engaged in training, consulting, support and maintenance services for our customers.

Research and Development Costs

Costs for the development of new software products and substantial enhancements to existing software products are expensed as incurred.  Based on our product development process, technological feasibility is established upon completion of a working model.  No material costs are incurred between the completion of the working model and the point at which the products are ready for general release. Therefore, all research and development costs are expensed.

Critical Accounting Policies

The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.  The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. These estimates are evaluated by us on an ongoing basis.  We base our estimates on our historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying amount values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

We believe that application of the following critical accounting policies entails the more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.

Revenues. Our revenue recognition policy is significant because our revenues are a key component of our results of operations. Revenue results are difficult to predict, and any shortfall in revenues or delay in recognizing revenues could cause our operating results to vary significantly from period to period and could result in future operating losses. We follow very specific and detailed guidelines in measuring revenues; however, certain judgments affect the application of our revenue policy. Our revenues are principally derived from the licensing of our software and the provision of related services.

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We derive our revenue principally from:

· the initial sales of licenses to use our products, including customization, implementation and integration services;

· incremental license fees resulting from a customer’s increase in product licenses required;

· post-implementation consulting and integration services for our solutions; and

· ongoing support and maintenance provided to our customers, which generates recurring revenue.

Sales of software licenses are recognized when persuasive evidence of an agreement exists, delivery of the product has occurred, the fee is fixed or determinable, and collectibility is probable. We consider all arrangements with payment terms extending beyond six months from the delivery of the elements not to be fixed or determinable. If the fee is not fixed or determinable, revenue is recognized as payments become due from the customer, provided that all other revenue recognition criteria have been met. We do not grant a right of return to our customers. In transactions where a customer’s contractual terms include a provision for customer acceptance based on customer-specified subjective criteria, or for evaluation purposes, we recognize revenues only when such acceptance has been obtained or as the acceptance provision lapses. However, in transactions where a customer's contractual terms include a provision for customer acceptance based on customer-specified objective criteria, we recognize revenue if we can demonstrate that the delivered product meets the specified criteria prior to customer acceptance.

We usually sell our software licenses as part of an overall solution offered to a customer that combines the sale of software licenses with customization, implementation and integration services. As a result, we generally recognize initial license fee and related service revenue over the course of these projects, using the percentage of completion method of accounting. Revenue from software that does not require services, or where services are not essential to the functionality of the software, including licenses sold subsequent to the initial installation, is recognized upon delivery, assuming that all other revenue recognition criteria have been met. Revenue from post-implementation consulting and integration services is recognized as work is performed. Maintenance revenue is recognized ratably over the term of the maintenance agreement.

A significant portion of our revenue is recognized over the course of projects under the percentage of completion method of accounting. The percentage of completion method requires the exercise of judgment, such as with respect to estimations of progress towards completion, contract revenue, contract costs and potential losses on contracts. Progress in completion of such projects may significantly affect our annual and periodic operating results.

With regard to software arrangements involving multiple elements,such as software, post-contract customer support, consulting and training, revenues are allocated to the different elements in thearrangement under the “residual method” when Vendor Specific Objective Evidence, or VSOE, of fair value exists for all undelivered elements and no VSOE exists for the delivered elements. The residual method of allocation requires an entity to first allocate revenue to the fair value of the undelivered elements (maintenance and other services) and the residual revenue to the delivered element (software licenses). Any discount in the arrangement is allocated to the delivered element.

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VSOE of fair value for maintenance and other services is determined based on the price charged for the undelivered element when sold separately, or where actual maintenance renewals have not yet occurred, VSOE of fair value is based on the stated maintenance renewal rate specified in the contract. Our process for establishing VSOE of fair value of maintenance services (post contact support, or PCS) is through performance of VSOE compliance test which is an analysis of the entire population of PCS renewal activity for our installed base of customers. Our process for the establishment of VSOE of fair value for consulting and training services is through a performance of an analysis of the entire population of separate sales of services.

Reimbursements received for out-of-pocket expenses incurred are characterized as revenue in the statement of operations.

Goodwill. Goodwill is not amortized, but instead is tested for impairment at least annually or between annual tests in certain circumstances, and written down when impaired. For the year ended December 31, 2010, our company tested goodwill for impairment by comparing the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying value.

Goodwill is first tested for impairment by comparing the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying value. We operate under a single reporting unit. Fair value is determined using the discounted cash flows method and market capitalization. We perform impairment tests during the third fiscal quarter. Following the test in the third quarter of 2010, no impairment losses were identified. However, subsequent to our third quarter annual impairment test in 2010, changes in our projected revenues and cash flows from operations indicated that we should re-perform the test for goodwill impairment. During this subsequent test, the fair value of our reporting unit was found to be less than our carrying value. As a result, we were required to move to the second phase of a goodwill impairment test. In this phase, the implied fair value of the reporting unit's goodwill is compared with the carrying amount of that goodwill. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit's goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of that goodwill, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess. Our results indicated that our entire goodwill balance of $3.1 million was impaired and as a result, we recorded a $3.1 million impairment charge during the fourth quarter of 2010. Subsequently, no goodwill is recorded on the balance sheet.

Valuation of investment in marketable securities. Our marketable securities are classified as available-for-sale. Available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value, with the unrealized gains and losses, reported in accumulated other comprehensive income in shareholders' equity. For debt securities, an other-than-temporary impairment loss is recognized in earnings if the entity has the intent to sell the debt security, or if it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the debt security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. However, if an entity does not expect to sell a debt security, it still needs to evaluate expected cash flows to be received and determine if a credit loss exists. In the event of a credit loss, only the amount of impairment associated with the credit loss is recognized currently in earnings. Amounts relating to factors other than credit losses are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss).

For equity securities, an entity must recognize in earnings all declines in fair value below the cost basis that are considered other than temporary. However, if the entity evaluates that an impairment is not other-than-temporary but does not have the intent and ability to hold the equity security until the anticipated recovery of its cost basis, an impairment loss is recognized in earnings. During 2011 and 2010, we recorded an other-than-temporary loss with respect to our equity marketable securities in amounts of $336,000 and $95,000, respectively, reflected in “Financial income, net” in our Consolidated Statement of Operations. Approximately $172,000 of other-than-temporary losses have been reversed in association with the sale of our marketable securities. There were no other-than-temporary impairments recorded in 2012.

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Fair value of financial instruments. We apply the provisions of ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures.” Under ASC 820, fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., the “exit price”) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

In determining fair value, we use various valuation approaches. ASC 820 establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from independent sources. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect our assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available under the circumstances.

The hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the observability of inputs as follows:

· Level 1 - Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets that we have the ability to access. Valuation adjustments and block discounts are not applied to Level 1 instruments. Since valuations are based on quoted prices that are readily and regularly available in an active market, valuation of these products does not entail a significant degree of judgment.

· Level 2 - Valuations based on one or more quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly.

· Level 3 - Valuations based on unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity and significant to the overall fair value measurement.

The availability of observable inputs can vary from investment to investment and is affected by a wide variety of factors, including, for example, the type of investment, the liquidity of markets and other characteristics particular to the transaction. To the extent that valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment and the investments are categorized as Level 3.

The carrying amounts of financial instruments carried at cost, including cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables, other current assets, trade payables and other liabilities approximate their fair value due to the short-term maturities of such instruments.

Stock-based compensation expense.Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as an expense over the requisite service periods. We estimate the fair value of stock options awards using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Determining the fair value of share-based awards at the grant date requires the exercise of judgment, including the amount of share-based awards that are expected to be forfeited. If actual results differ from these estimates, equity- based compensation expense and our results of operations could be impacted.

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Adoption of new accounting standards

 In June 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-05 Presentation of Comprehensive Income, codified in ASC 220 "Comprehensive Income". The guidance requires an entity to present the total of comprehensive income, the components of net income, and the components of other comprehensive income either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. The guidance also eliminates the option to present the components of other comprehensive income as part of the statement of equity. In December 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-12, deferring the effective date for amendments outlined in ASU 2011-05. We have elected to present two separate but consecutive statements and such adoption is reflected in our consolidated financial statements included in this Form 20-F.

In May 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-04 Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRSs, codified in ASC 820 "Fair Value Measurement". The guidance requires an entity to provide a consistent definition of fair value to ensure that the fair value measurement and disclosure requirements are similar between U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards. The guidance changes certain fair value measurement principles and enhances the disclosure requirements particularly for Level 3 fair value measurements, and will became effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2012. The adoption of this new guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

None.

Results of Operations

Our historical operating results for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 as a percentage of total revenues are as follows:

	2012			2011			2010
Revenues:
Software Licenses		10	%		9	%		10	%
Services		64			68			76
Maintenance		26			23			14
Total revenues		100	%		100	%		100	%
Cost of revenues:
Software Licenses(*)		6			8			21
Services(*)		88			89			78
Maintenance(*)		23			27			31
Total cost of revenues		62			68			66
Gross profit		38			32			34
Operating expenses:
Research and development		33			23			20
Sales and marketing		45			29			29
General and administrative		28			34			28
Goodwill impairment		-			-			18
Restructuring		-			-			1
Total operating expenses		105			86			96
Operating loss		(67	)		(54	)		(62	)
Financial income, net		8			-			-
Loss from operations before taxes		(59	)		(54	)		(62	)
Income tax (expense) benefit		(1	)		(1	)		-
Net loss		(60	)		(55	)		(62	)

* Respective revenues

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Years Ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010

Revenues and Cost of Revenues

Revenues.  Revenues were $10.8 million, $12.4 million and $17.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. The revenue decrease in 2011 resulted primarily from a depleted backlog at the end of 2010 and weak bookings during 2011. In 2012, we signed several new significant contracts, however these were not executed until late in 2012. As a result, there was very little progress towards completion of these projects, if any, therefore contributing little to revenue in 2012. The depleted backlog at the end of 2011, combined with the impact of contracts signed late in 2012, resulted in the decline in revenue from 2011 to 2012. Backlog, excluding maintenance renewals, was $5.7 million, $2.4 million and $4.9 million as of December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

During 2011, the continuing weakness and uncertainty in the economy impacted revenues as some prospective customers postponed decisions for large projects or lengthened their decision cycle to ensure that they had an adequate return on investment before contracting for a customer service and support solution. As a result, we continued to experience long sales cycles. In addition, we were subject to increased competition from vendors offering smaller scale and less expensive solutions. Consequently, we faced increasing pricing pressure.

In each of 2012, 2011 and 2010, a significant portion of our revenues was derived from a few large orders. In 2012, 2011 and 2010, two customers accounted for 40%, 50% and 44% of our total revenues, respectively.

Software licenses revenues. Software license revenues were $1.1 million, $1.1 million and $1.6 million, or 10%, 9% and 10% of our total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. During 2012, 2011 and 2010, approximately 70%, 89% and 83%, respectively, of our revenue was generated from existing customers, which typically represents additional services engagements with a limited, if any, software component. In 2012, we signed several new significant contracts, which generally include a sizeable software component, however these were not executed until late in 2012. As a result, there was very little, if any, progress towards completion of these projects. Because we recognize revenue using the percentage of completion method, these contracts, therefore, contributed little to software revenue in 2012.

Despite the high percentage of revenue from existing customers in 2011, we did, nevertheless, enter into several software license agreements with new customers in 2011. In 2011, the challenging economic conditions continued to inhibit prospective customers from entering into large capital intensive projects and thus limited our transactions with new customers.

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Service revenues. Service revenues were $6.9 million, $8.4 million and $13.0 million, or 64%, 68% and 76% of our total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Service revenues are generated primarily from installation, implementation and customization of our software products. As mentioned previously, we had several significant new contracts signed during 2012, however, because these implementations were not started until late in the year, little revenue was recognized from the new contracts. This meant that the substantial majority of our services revenue in 2012 was from add-on services to existing customers. As several projects came to a conclusion, services revenue from one particular customer declined from $4.4 million in 2011 to $2.1 million in 2012, representing the primary reason for our decline in services revenue from 2011 to 2012.  Service revenues declined in 2011 as a result of the decreased backlog at the end of 2010 and lower bookings in 2011. During 2010, we had several large implementations in process, along with other smaller services engagements. The majority of these implementations were completed during 2010 or in early 2011. With reduced services from new customers, service revenues declined during 2011. Most of the service revenues during 2011 was generated from add-on business to existing implementations.

Maintenance revenues. Maintenance revenues were $2.8 million, $2.8 million and $2.5 million, or 26%, 23% and 14% of our total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Maintenance revenues remained consistent between 2011 and 2012. Given the current economic climate, some of our customers terminated maintenance or decreased the number of licenses under support. This was offset by the start of maintenance for new customers and general price increases for maintenance renewals, resulting in consistent maintenance revenues between 2012 and 2011. The increase in maintenance revenues in 2011 compared to the 2010 primarily reflected an increase in the number of customers covered by maintenance and support services.

Total Cost of Revenues. Total cost of revenues was $6.7 million, $8.4 million and $11.2 million, representing 62%, 68% and 66% our total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. The decrease in total cost of revenues from 2011 to 2012 and from 2010 to 2011 was directly related to the decline in revenues in those same periods. However, cost of revenues, as a percentage of revenues, declined from 68% in 2011 to 62% in 2012, primarily due to improvements in both the services and maintenance and support gross margins as we drove efficiencies in the services and support organizations. Costs of revenues, as a percentage of revenues, increased from 66% in 2010 to 68% in 2011, mainly due to one project which required more resources than originally anticipated by us. This increase was partially offset by a decrease in our royalty payments and by our not having to make a one-time payment for source code or a write off of inventoried licenses, as we had in 2010.

Cost of software licenses revenues was $0.1 million, $0.1 million and $0.3 million or 6%, 8% and 21% of software revenues for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. As software license revenue remained consistent between 2011 and 2012, the associated cost of software licenses remained consistent as well. The decrease in the cost of software licenses revenues from 2010 to 2011 was mainly due to a decrease in royalty payments resulting from the 2010 purchase of source code connected with a product on which we have historically paid royalties, as well as a decrease in expenses associated with a one-time $0.1 million write-off of inventoried OEM licenses recorded in 2010 but not in 2011.

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Cost of service revenues was $6.0 million, $7.5 million and $10.1 million, or 88%, 89% and 78% of service revenues for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Services margins improved slightly from 11% in 2011 to 12% in 2012. While our services revenue declined from 2011 to 2012, our staffing requirements declined as well, and we adjusted accordingly. However, in anticipation of the new contracts executed late in 2012, a portion of our staff was retained, although such persons were not yet generating revenue from work on new contracts, which contributed to the continued depressed margins in 2012. The decrease in service margins from 22% in 2010 to 11% in 2011 was mainly due to one project in 2011 that required our utilization of more significant resources than originally planned in order to complete it, with no additional accompanying revenues being realized by us. In addition, in the latter part of 2011, we had to assign resources to several non-billable services projects, the cost of which, without associated revenues, depressed our service margins. Service headcount during 2012, 2011 and 2010 averaged approximately 35, 36 and 45 individuals, respectively. We ended 2012 with 29 employees engaged in providing services. Please see the Risk Factor entitled: “Failure to deliver professional services efficiently could negatively impact our gross margins.”

Cost of maintenance revenues was $0.6 million, $0.8 million and $0.8 million, or 23%, 27% and 31% of maintenance revenues for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Maintenance headcount during each of 2012, 2011 and 2010 averaged approximately 4, 5 and 5 individuals, respectively. The decline in headcount, a result of driving efficiencies in our support department, allowed us to increase our maintenance and support margins from 73% in 2011 to 77% in 2012. Headcount also remained consistent from 2010 to 2011, however, reductions in recruiting and travel expenses helped to slightly reduce total cost of maintenance revenues.

Total Operating Expenses. Total operating expenses in 2012 were $11.3 million, representing an increase of $0.6 million compared to $10.7 million in 2011. In an effort to stimulate revenue growth, we invested heavily in research and development and sales and marketing activities in 2012, resulting in a $1.9 million increase in operating expenses. This was offset by savings in general and administrative expenses of $1.3 million. Total operating expenses in 2011 were $10.7 million, representing a decrease of approximately $5.9 million, or 35%, compared to $16.6 million in 2010. The decrease in operating expenses from 2010 to 2011 was mainly achieved via cost reduction measures that began to be implemented during 2010, the effect of which was primarily realized in 2011.  Our average overall headcount decreased from 117 in 2010 to 91 in 2011 and to 98 in 2012. During 2010, we recognized a goodwill impairment charge of $3.1 million, which was reflected in our operating expenses.

Research and Development.  Research and development expenses were $3.5 million, $2.9 million and $3.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. In an effort to stimulate revenue growth, we invested heavily in research and development in 2012 to build new version of our existing products and to develop new products, including Jacada Mobile Agent and Jacada Advisor. The decrease in research and development expenses from 2010 to 2011 was primarily the result of a decrease in our average research and development headcount from 23 in 2010 to 19 in 2011, which resulted in savings of $0.3 million, and was furthermore due to our not incurring a one-time expense for the purchase of source code, as we had in 2010. In 2010, we paid $0.3 million to third parties for purchases of source code and consulting services. As a percentage of total revenues, research and development expenses were 33%, 23% and 20% for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010.

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Sales and Marketing.  Sales and marketing expenses were $4.8 million, $3.6 million and $5.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. In 2012, we increased our sales and marketing expenditures, focused on new territories, for example India and Russia, and marketing programs for our new products and markets, for example investing in analyst coverage of the emerging mobile customer service market. The decrease in sales and marketing expenses of $1.4 million in 2011 was primarily the result of a decrease in the average sales and marketing headcount from 21 in 2010 to 14 in 2011, resulting in savings of $1.0 million, as well as decreased commissions of $0.1 million associated with the decline in revenues in 2011, and a reduction of $0.3 million in other marketing expenses in 2011. During 2011, in an effort to reduce costs, we elected to focus on lower-cost lead generation activities, for example, webinars and website demonstrations of our products. As a percentage of total revenues, sales and marketing expenses were 45%, 29% and 29% for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

General and Administrative.  General and administrative expenses were $3.0 million, $4.3 million and $4.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. As a percentage of total revenues, general and administrative expenses were 28%, 34% and 28% for those years. The decrease in general and administrative expenses from 2011 to 2012 was the result of (i) reduced professional fees of $0.8 million including board fees, legal fees, audit fees, and stock exchange fees, (ii) reduced salaries of $0.4 million, primarily representing a reduction of severance costs recognized in the previous year (iii) reduced stock compensation expense of $0.1 million and (iv) other general expense savings such as reduced rent associated with moving our US offices. The decrease in general and administrative expenses from 2010 to 2011 was primarily the result of a reduction in average general and administrative headcount from 23 to 17, resulting in savings of approximately $0.5 million, and a decrease in stock based compensation of approximately $0.3 million offset, in part,  by $0.2 million severance cost.  .

Goodwill impairment. During 2010, as part of the impairment test of goodwill, the entire goodwill balance of $3.1 million was determined to be impaired, and, as a result, a $3.1 million impairment charge was recorded.

Restructuring. During 2010, we announced a reduction in our work force in order to align our operations and expenses with anticipated revenue. These changes included a 15% reduction in work force worldwide, which included 14 employees and 4 open positions, mainly from research and development. The cost of implementing this restructuring plan was $0.2 million, which is included in our 2010 results.

Financial Income (Loss), Net.  Financial income (loss), net, was $0.9 million, $(12,000) and $0.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Financial income in 2012 consisted of a $0.7 million gain on the sale of marketable securities, $0.2 million in dividend income, offset in part by foreign currency translation losses and bank charges of $0.1 million. Financial loss in 2011 consisted of $0.3 million other –than- temporary loss on our marketable securities, which was mostly offset by $0.3 million in dividend income, foreign currency translation gains, interest income and gains on the sale of one of the marketable securities that we had held. Financial income in 2010 consisted of $0.1 million in interest income and $0.2 million in dividend income, offset in part by foreign currency translation losses and bank charges of $0.1 million and an other-than-temporary loss on marketable securities of $0.1 million. During each of 2010 and 2011, we recognized an other-than-temporary loss on our marketable securities because it was more likely than not that we would be required to sell the particular marketable security before the recovery of its cost basis. See also “Item 3: Key Information. D. Risk Factors. Negative conditions in the global credit markets may impair the liquidity and value of our investment portfolio” and “Item 11: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.”

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Pre-tax Loss from Continuing Operations. As a result of the above factors, our customer service and support business generated pre-tax losses of $6.4 million in 2012, $6.7 million in 2011 and $10.6 million in 2010.

Tax expense. In 2012, 2011 and 2010, we had tax expenses of $55,000, $62,000 and $49,000, respectively, which were due to current income tax expenses that primarily reflected alternative minimum taxes due in the United States.

As of December 31, 2012, we had an Israeli net operating loss carryforward of approximately $43 million which can be carried forward and offset against taxable income with no expiration date. As of December 31, 2012, our U.S subsidiary had a U.S. net operating loss carryforward for income tax purposes of approximately $0.8 million. The net operating loss carryforward expires within 10 to 14 years. Utilization of U.S. net operating losses may be subject to substantial annual limitations due to the “change in ownership” provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and similar state provisions. The annual limitation may result in the expiration of net operating losses before utilization. As of December 31, 2012, our European subsidiaries had net operating loss carryforwards for income tax purposes of approximately $2.5 million, which can be carried forward and offset against taxable income with no expiration date.

Net Income (Loss). As a result of the above-described factors, we recorded net losses of $6.4 million, $6.8 million and $10.6 million in 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

B.            Liquidity and Capital Resources

Since our inception, we have funded operations through the private placement and public offering of equity securities, internal operations, the sale of our traditional market business and, to a lesser extent, borrowings from financial institutions.

As of December 31, 2012, we had $10.0 million of cash and investments, including $0.5 million of restricted cash, $3.7 million of cash and cash equivalents and $5.8 million of marketable securities. Cash equivalents are short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to cash with original maturities of three months or less at acquisition. Our marketable securities are available for sale, but may be subject to losses due to fluctuations in the market. During 2012, operating activities used approximately $4.8 million in cash. The major components of this use of cash were our net loss of $6.4 million, offset, in part, by adjustments for non-cash expenses such as $0.4 million for depreciation, and changes in working capital of $2.0 million. The major components of this change in working capital were an increase in deferred revenues of $1.6 million, a decrease in accounts receivable of $0.7 million. The increase in deferred revenues and decrease in accounts receivable reflect a combination of cash inflow from improved collections and the initial payment for certain contracts signed late in 2012, but for which the implementations had not begun (in other words, collection of cash in advance of performance, or deferred revenue).

As of December 31, 2011, we had $14.1 million of cash and investments, including $0.5 million of restricted cash, $2.9 million of cash and cash equivalents and $10.7 million of marketable securities. Cash equivalents are short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to cash with original maturities of three months or less at acquisition. Our marketable securities are available for sale, but may be subject to losses due to fluctuations in the market. During 2011, operating activities used approximately $4.4 million in cash. The major components of this use of cash were our net loss of $6.8 million, offset, in part, by adjustments for non-cash expenses such as $0.4 million for depreciation, $0.3 million for other than temporary loss of marketable securities, and changes in working capital of $1.6 million. The major components of this change in working capital were a decrease in accounts receivable of $1.8 million, reflecting a combination of cash inflow from improved collections and fewer invoices generated as of the end of 2011, a decrease in other current assets of $0.2 million, a decrease in deferred revenues of $0.3 million, and finally a decrease in accrued expenses of $0.2 million, representing cash used to pay off certain liabilities that had been incurred in 2010. Cash provided by investing activities was $1.5 million, including proceeds from the sale of marketable securities of $1.6 million, offset, in part, by purchases of property and equipment of $0.2 million.  We believe that our cash and investments are sufficient to cover our liabilities for the next twelve months.

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As of December 31, 2010, we had $18.5 million of cash and investments, including $0.5 million of restricted cash, $5.9 million of cash and cash equivalents and $12.1 million of marketable securities. During 2010, operating activities used approximately $5.0 million in cash. The major components of this use of cash were our net loss of $10.6 million, offset, in part, by adjustments for non-cash expenses such as $0.5 million for depreciation, $0.3 million for stock-based compensation, $3.1 million for goodwill impairment, $0.1 million for accrued interest and amortization of premium on marketable securities, and changes in working capital of $1.6 million. The major components of this change in working capital were $0.8 million for a decrease in other current assets, which represented the prepayment of certain project expenses in 2009 for which we received benefit of cash flow in 2010, $0.9 million for a decrease in accounts receivable, reflecting a combination of cash inflow from improved collections and fewer invoices generated as of the end of 2010, $0.4 million for an increase in deferred revenues, and $0.6 million for a decrease in accrued expenses and accounts payable, representing cash used to pay off certain liabilities incurred in 2009. Cash used in investing activities was $1.6 million in 2010, which included $9.7 million of proceeds from the sale of marketable securities, offset by $11.0 million for purchases of marketable securities, $0.4 million for purchases of property and equipment and $0.1 million for a decrease in restricted cash. Financing activities provided $0.1 million of cash in 2010, reflecting our receipt of cash upon the exercise of stock options.

In 2010, we invested $9.9 million of our cash in the common stock of various highly capitalized publicly traded corporations.  See “Item 10.E Taxation” for more information regarding these investments. In 2011 we sold the stock of one such corporation, resulting in proceeds of $1.6 million. In 2012, we sold portions of each of the common stocks in our portfolio, resulting in proceeds of $5.6 million, which reflected a gain of $0.7 million. As of December 31, 2012, the fair value of our remaining investments in these stocks was $5.8 million, representing a $1.0 million unrecognized net gain on investments, after we had previously recorded an other-than-temporary loss of $0.1 million and $0.4 million with respect to these investments during 2010 and 2011. As of March 31, 2013, the fair value of these investments was $6.4 million.

Expenditures for property and equipment were approximately $0.1 million, $0.2 million, $0.4 million and $6,000 for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, and for the three month period ended March 31, 2013, respectively. These expenditures include computer hardware and software used in product development and testing, leasehold improvements relating to new and existing facilities and office equipment in support of our operations.

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Our capital requirements depend on numerous factors, including market acceptance of our products, the resources we devote to developing, marketing, selling and supporting our products, the timing and extent of establishing additional international operations, acquisitions and other factors.   We believe our working capital is sufficient for our projected requirements.

Impact of Taxation. Please refer to Items 3.D, 4.B and 10.E for certain information regarding tax benefits in Israel.

Foreign Currency. Our results of operations are reported in U.S. dollars, however, a significant portion of our revenues and expenses are generated and incurred outside of the United States and in currencies other than the U.S Dollar, particularly in NIS, English Pounds and Euros. We use currency exchange forward contracts to hedge the impact of the variability in the exchange rates on future cash flows from certain NIS-denominated expenses. Please refer to Item 11 for information regarding the impact of foreign currency exchange rates and hedging activities.

C.            Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Etc.

We believe that strong product development is essential to our strategy of continuing to enhance and expand the capabilities of our products.  We have invested significant time and resources in creating a structured process for undertaking all product development. This process involves several functional groups at all levels within our organization and is designed to provide a framework for defining and addressing the activities required to bring product concepts and development projects to market successfully. In addition, we have recruited key software engineers and developers with experience in Java, .Net, communications, expert systems, Windows internals and Internet technologies.  Our research and development efforts in recent years have been primarily focused on enhancing and adding functionality to our contact center market products and adding new products based on our expectations of future technologies and industry trends.

Our research and development expenses were $3.5 million, $2.9 million and $3.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. As of December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, we had 21, 21 and 16 employees engaged in our product development activities, respectively. See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects, A. Operating Results. Restructuring Charges” for disclosure regarding the reduction of our workforce in 2010, which included the elimination of nine research and development positions.

D.            Trend Information

We believe that our sales cycle for our customer service and support market products might continue to be lengthened due to the reasons discussed in the risk factors referenced below. As a result, we are unable to determine what impact, if any, this may have on our business model.  See Risk Factors “Our business model is focused on continued growth in a market in which we have only several years of experience. Failure to continue our early penetration into this market would negatively impact our results of operations”,  “We do not have a proven business model for the mobile customer services and support market; if our business model is inappropriate for this market and our estimates regarding the sales cycle for this market are incorrect, our efforts to successfully commercialize our mobile customer service and support solutions may be harmed or we will experience a further delay in generating revenues from these products” and “Weak and uncertain global economic conditions, including continued credit constraints, could continue to adversely affect us” for a discussion of the potential effects of this trend.

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We have focused on the customer service and support market since 2004. In the third quarter of 2012 we introduced Jacada Mobile Agent, our mobile customer service product offering, thus entering the mobile customer service market. In addition, we expect to invest in the development of products for other customer self service methods such as IVR, web and social media. Our limited experience and knowledge regarding the mobile and other customer self service and support markets may impede our ability to sell our products. In addition, our continued investment in products for this market, which may not result in revenue-producing products, could result in increased losses. See Risk Factor “Our business model is focused on continued growth in a market in which we have only several years of experience.  Failure to continue our penetration into this market would negatively impact our results of operations.”

Currently, we anticipate that our customer service and support solutions might continue to generate revenues from a small number of deals with large average dollar amounts compared to our traditional market business.    See “Risk Factor: “Revenues from our customer service and support solutions might be concentrated in a few large orders and a small number of customers, meaning that the loss of a significant customer or a failure to make even a small number of such sales could harm our results of operations” for a discussion of the risks our business and prospects for growth face in connection with continued customer concentration.

We anticipate that a large number of our future customer service and support solution deals will continue to involve substantial customization and implementation services of our solutions and that a majority of our revenues will continue to derive from the provision of professional services. If we do not increase the proportion of our total revenue attributable to software license fees or if we do not increase our professional services gross margins we may not be able to achieve or maintain profitability. Our limited experience and knowledge regarding the customer service and support market may impact the efficiency of our professional services deliveries, as we may need to expend more resources in the delivery of professional services to a customer than we had originally estimated.  Any such expending of more resources may negatively impact the gross margins for our professional services and our ability to achieve or maintain profitability. See “Risk Factors: “Our revenues could be adversely affected if we fail to recruit and retain consultants and other technical service personnel”, “A majority of our revenues derives from the provision of professional services” and “Failure to deliver professional services efficiently could negatively impact our gross margins” for a discussion of the potential effects of this trend.

We may continue to be subject to foreign currency risk. Our results of operations are reported in U.S. dollars; however, we expect that a significant portion of our revenues and expenses will continue to be generated and incurred outside of the United States and in currencies other than the U.S Dollar. Depreciation of the Euro or the English Pound against the U.S. dollar will have the effect of reducing our U.S. dollar revenues from transactions recorded in these currencies. Additionally, fluctuations in the U.S. dollar against the New Israeli Shekel (NIS), English Pound or Euro exchange rate will have the effect of impacting the U.S. dollar cost of our operations in Israel, in the UK or in European countries as applicable. As a result, we may be subject to the effects of foreign currency exchange fluctuations. See “Risk Factor: Exchange rate fluctuations between the dollar and other currencies may negatively affect our results of operation” for a discussion of the potential effects of this trend.

Until 2012, our backlog had been decreasing and may decrease again if we do not maintain or increase the number of our transactions. See: “Item 5: Operating and Financial Review and Prospects. A. Operating Results, Revenues and Cost of Revenues” for further disclosure regarding our revenue recognition policies. Reduced backlog means that we will be more dependent on signing new transactions in order to generate revenues.  See “Risk Factor:Our revenues may decline if we do not increase the number of transactions we enter into in 2013” for a discussion of the potential effects of this trend.

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In 2010, we invested $9.9 million of our cash in the common stock of various highly capitalized publicly traded corporations.  See “Item 10E: Taxation” for more information regarding these investments. See also “Risk Factor: Negative conditions in the global credit and stock markets may impair the liquidity and value of our investment portfolio”. These investments in common stock are subject to risks associated with stock market investments and the risks associated with each particular company whose common stock we hold. If we need to liquidate some or all of those investments in order to access cash, we may be forced to sell them at a loss.

E.             Off-balance sheet arrangements. We are not party to any off-balance sheet arrangements. See “Item 4.b: Material Effects of Government Regulation in Israel”.

F.             Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations. The following table summarizes our contractual obligations and commercial commitments as of December 31, 2012:

	Payments due by period (in thousands)
Contractual Obligations	Total		Less than 1 year		1-3 years		3-5 years		More than 5 years
Facilities	$	1,556	$	357	$	942	$	257		-
Severance pay*	$	359		-		-		-		-

* Severance pay relates to accrued severance obligations to our Israeli employees as required under Israeli labor laws. For employees whose employment commencement date is prior to January 1, 2005 these obligations are payable only upon the termination of the respective employees. However, while this amount may be reduced upon voluntary termination by an employee, it is not our general practice to reduce the amounts of severance payments in cases of voluntary termination. As of December 31, 2012, we had $0.1 million in our severance pay funds, which will be used to satisfy a portion of our obligations.

G.            Safe Harbor

This Annual Report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. These statements include all statements that are not statements of historical facts regarding the intent, belief, or current expectations of our company, our directors or our officers with respect to, among other things:  (i) our financing plans; (ii) trends affecting our financial condition or results of operations; and (iii) our growth strategy and operating strategy (including the development of its products and services).  The words “may,” “could,” “would,” “will,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan” and similar expressions or variations thereof are intended to identify forward-looking statements.  Prospective investors are cautioned that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our ability to control and that actual results may differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors and other information contained in this Annual Report, including the performance and continued acceptance of our products, general economic conditions and other risk factors identified under the heading “Risk Factors”.

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Item 6: DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES

A.            Directors and Senior Management

The following table sets forth certain information regarding our executive officers and directors as of April 15, 2013:

Name	Age	Position
Gideon Hollander(1)	48	Co-Chief  Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors
Guy Yair	41	Co-Chief  Executive Officer
Caroline Cronin	42	Chief Financial Officer
Yossie Hollander	55	Director
Ohad Zuckerman(2)(1)	48	Director
Gittit Guberman(2)	57	Director
Avner Atsmon(2)	50	Director

(1)           Member of the Options Committee

(2)           Member of the Audit Committee

Gideon Hollander was a co-founder of Jacada in 1990. Mr. Hollander has been the active Chairman of our Board of Directors since February 2012 and our Chief Executive Officer since August 2011 (having shared the latter position, in the capacity of Co-Chief Executive Officer, between August 2011 to March 2012, and since August 2012). Mr. Hollander also previously served as our Chief Executive Officer from 1990 to December 2007 and our Chairman of our Board of Directors from January 2008 to August 2011, participating in an active role in the latter capacity from January 2011 to August 2011. From 1988 to 1990, Mr. Hollander worked in the area of research and development at Comverse Technology. From 1982 to 1987, Mr. Hollander served in various technology and management positions in an elite unit of the Israeli Defense Forces, where he specialized in expert systems and user interface design. Two of the projects that Mr. Hollander managed won the most prominent Israeli award for technological innovations.  Gideon Hollander is Yossie Hollander’s brother.

Guy Yair joined us in June 2011 as Senior Vice President and General Manager, EMEA and APAC, prior to being promoted to Co-Chief Executive Officer in August 2012. Prior to joining Jacada between 2007 and 2012, Mr. Yair served as General Manager of Enterprise Line of Business for Alvarion, a high tech equipment manufacturer. Between 1998 and 2007 Mr. Yair served in sales and marketing executive management positions at Rad-Bynet Group, a group of companies specializing in data communication, computing and telecommunications. Mr. Yair holds an Executive MBA from Tel Aviv University Recanati School.

Caroline Cronin joined us in June 2008 as Vice President of Finance, prior to being promoted to Chief Financial Officer in January 2010. Ms. Cronin is a CPA with several years of experience in financial leadership, management and reporting. Prior to joining Jacada, between November 1999 and June 2008 Ms. Cronin served as corporate controller and chief financial officer of Optio Software, a document automation software provider, where she led the divestiture team and successfully negotiated the sale of the company to Bottomline Technologies. Between 1997 and 1999 Ms. Cronin served as an Assistant Corporate Controller for Medical Manager Corporation, a healthcare management software provider. Ms. Cronin holds a BS in Accounting and an MBA from Florida State University.

Yossie Hollander has been director since 1990 and was the Chairman of our Board of Directors from November 1995 to December 2007. Mr. Hollander was a founder, and from 1983 to 1994 served as the Chief Executive Officer, of New Dimension Software Ltd., an enterprise system and management software company that was acquired by BMC Software in April 1999. Mr. Hollander is a member of the executive board management committee of the Weizmann Institute of Science. He is on the board of councilors of the USC Dornsife College of Arts and Sciences and is a member of the Advisory board of the Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainable Future. Yossie Hollander is Gideon Hollander’s brother.

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Ohad Zuckerman has served as a director since December 2000.  Mr. Zuckerman is the CEO of UniVerve Ltd., a renewable energy group, specializing in Waste-to-Energy and Microalgae-to-Biofuel. Between January 2000 and March 2008 Mr. Zuckerman served as the President & CEO of Zeraim Gedera Ltd., an agricultural company which specializes in breeding of vegetable varieties as well as in production and marketing to the seeds of such varieties worldwide. Prior to this position Mr. Zuckerman served as Zeraim Gedera's Executive Vice President between 1998-2000 and as its Marketing Manager between 1990-1998.  Between 1998 and 2002, Mr. Zuckerman served as a member of the board of directors at Maximal Innovative Intelligence Ltd., a provider of software for extracting information from data warehouses, which was sold to Microsoft.

Ms. Gittit Gubermanjoined us in October 2010 as a director. Ms. Guberman also serves as an external director of Tel Aviv Stock Exchange, Cham Foods (Israel) Ltd. and RoboGroup T.E.K. Ltd. From 2007 until 2012 served as the CFO of Micronet Ltd. Ms. Guberman served as a member of the board of directors of Israel Discount Bank from 2009 until 2010 and from 2002 to 2008 Ms. Guberman served in various positions in Incredimail Ltd., the latest of which was director. Prior to 2002 Ms. Gubermen served as an attorney and investment banker with Eihut Capital Markets Ltd. Between 2002 and 2008 Mrs. Guberman also served as an external director of the Tel-Aviv Stock Exchange. Ms. Guberman has a B.Sc. in economics and mathematics, an M.A. in Economics, an M.B.A and an L.LB from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Ms. Guberman is also a consultant to E. S. Shimron, I. Molho, Persky & Co, Advocates.

Avner Atsmon joined us in October 2006 as a director. Prior to his retirement Mr. Atsmon served as Vice President of Engineering of Starhome Ltd. from January 2000 to June 2002. From December 1993 to December 1999 Mr. Atsmon served in several positions at Comverse Infosys including as a Chief Operating Officer. From November 1991 to November 1993 Mr. Atsmon was Fax Application Manager of National Semi-Conductors, Palo Alto California.

B.            Compensation

The aggregate remuneration that we paid for the year ended December 31, 2012 to all executive officers and directors as a group was $0.7 million in salaries, fees, commissions and bonuses. Certain members of the executive management participate in a bonus plan whereby bonuses or commissions may be paid upon the achievement of certain revenue, booking or operating income targets.  Since August 2008, each our directors has received annual compensation of NIS 42,600 (approximately $11,000), plus NIS 2,200 (approximately $600) for each meeting of the board and each meeting of a committee of the board attended.  In addition, all directors are entitled to be reimbursed for their expenses incurred in connection with the discharge of their responsibilities as board members, including attending board of directors meetings.  Directors also receive options to purchase our ordinary shares.

Mr. Gideon Hollander, our Co-Chief Executive Officer and active Chairman of the Board, receives, effective as of January 2011,  a monthly fee of NIS 83,333 (equal to approximately $22,000 based on the current rate of exchange between the New Israeli Shekel and US Dollars) as total consideration for his services to our company. In addition Mr. Hollander received, in February 2012, a one-time bonus in an amount of NIS125,000 (equal to approximately $33,000 based on the current rate of exchange between the New Israeli Shekel and US Dollars) in respect of his services to our company since the start of 2011.

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As of March 15, 2012 options to purchase 254,250 ordinary shares granted to our directors and executive officers (7 persons) under our option plans were outstanding. The weighted average exercise price of these options was $6.63 per share ranging from $0.85 to $16.36, and the expiration dates of the options range from August 26, 2013 to January 31, 2020.

C.            Board Practices

Election and Term of Directors

Directors are elected by an ordinary resolution at the annual general meeting of shareholders, and by a vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power represented at the meeting.  Our ordinary shares do not have cumulative voting rights in the election of directors. As a result, the holders of ordinary shares that represent more than 50% of the voting power have the power to elect all of our directors.

At our annual meeting in August 2004, our shareholders voted to fix the number of directors at six directors. We currently have only five directors. In accordance with the terms of our articles of association, the board of directors is divided into four classes, with the following terms of office:

· Class I directors, whose terms expire at the annual meeting of shareholders to be held in 2015;

· Class II directors, whose terms expire at the annual meeting of shareholders to be held in 2013;

· Class III directors, whose terms expire at the annual meeting of shareholders to be held in 2014; and

· A class of directors whose terms expire after one year, at each annual meeting of shareholders.

Our Class I directors are Avner Atsmon and Ohad Zuckerman.  Our Class II director is Gittit Guberman.  Our Class III directors are Gideon Hollander and Yossie Hollander.  We do not currently have a director whose term expires annually.

At each annual meeting of shareholders, the successors to directors whose terms will then expire are elected to serve from the time of election and qualification until the third annual meeting following the election, other than the class of directors whose terms expire after one year. Any additional directorships resulting from an increase in the number of directors will be distributed among the four classes. This classification of our board of directors may have the effect of delaying or preventing changes in control or management of our company.

Directors may be removed at any time by the holders of 75% of the voting power at a general meeting of shareholders.  Shareholders may, by a majority vote (Ordinary Resolution), elect a director to fill a vacancy caused by such a removal.  If the shareholders do not elect a director to fill such vacancy within 30 days after the removal of the incumbent director, the board of directors may also elect a director to fill such vacancy.  Any director elected to fill a vacancy will hold office for the remainder of the full term of the class of directors in which the vacancy occurred and until such director’s successor is elected and qualified.

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We do not have service contracts with any of our directors, other than with Gideon Hollander, our Co-Chief Executive Officer and active Chairman of the Board, that provides for benefits upon termination of employment. Mr. Hollander's service agreement with the company requires a thirty (30) day notice of termination, entitling him to one month's service fee of NIS 83,000 (equal to approximately $22,000 based on the current rate of exchange between the New Israeli Shekel and US Dollar).

Under the Companies Law, our board of directors must determine the minimum number of directors who are required to have accounting and financial expertise.  Under applicable regulations, a director with accounting and financial expertise is a director who, by reason of his or her education, professional experience and skill, has a high level of proficiency in and understanding of business accounting matters and financial statements.  See “—External Directors.” He or she must be able to thoroughly comprehend the financial statements of the company and initiate debate regarding the manner in which financial information is presented. In determining the number of directors required to have such expertise, our board of directors must consider, among other things, the type and size of our company and the scope and complexity of its operations.  Our board of directors has determined that our company requires one director with such expertise, and that Ms. Gittit Guberman has accounting and financial expertise.

Board Committees

Audit Committee

Under the Companies Law, the board of directors of a public company such as ours must appoint an audit committee. The audit committee must consist of at least three members, and include the two external directors whom we are also required to appoint pursuant to Israeli law. Neither the chairman of the board of directors, directors employed by us or granting services to us on a permanent basis, nor any controlling shareholder or any relative of a controlling shareholder may serve on the audit committee.

Under the Companies Law, the audit committee of a publicly traded company must consist of a majority of unaffiliated directors.  An “unaffiliated director” is defined as either an external director or as a director who meets the following criteria:

· he or she meets the qualifications for being appointed as an external director (see below under “- External Directors”), except for (i) the requirement that the director be an Israeli resident (which does not apply to companies such as ours whose securities have been offered outside of Israel or are listed outside of Israel) and (ii) the requirement for accounting and financial expertise or professional qualifications; and

· he or she has not served as a director of the company for a period exceeding nine consecutive years. For this purpose, a break of less than two years in the service shall not be deemed to interrupt the continuation of the service.

Under the Companies Law, our audit committee is responsible for (i) determining whether there are deficiencies in the business management practices of our company, including in consultation with our internal auditor or the independent auditor, and making recommendations to the board of directors to improve such practices, (ii) determining whether to approve certain related party transactions (including compensation of office holders or transactions in which an office holder has a personal interest and whether such transaction is material), (iii) where the board of directors approves the working plan of the internal auditor, to examine such working plan before its submission to the board and propose amendments thereto, (iv) examining our internal controls and internal auditor's performance, including whether the internal auditor has sufficient resources and tools to dispose of its responsibilities, (v) examining the scope of our auditor's work and compensation and submitting a recommendation with respect thereto to our board or shareholders, depending on which of them is considering the appointment of our auditor and (vi) establishing procedures for the handling of employees' complaints as to the management of our business and the protection to be provided to such employees.  Our audit committee may not approve an action or a related party transaction, or take any other action required under the Companies Law, unless at the time of approval a majority of the committee’s members are present, which majority consists of unaffiliated directors including at least one an external director.

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Pursuant to the requirements of the Companies Law, we have appointed an audit committee, consisting of three members, each of whom is considered an unaffiliated director under the Companies Law. The current members of the audit committee are Ohad Zuckerman, Avner Atsmon and Gittit Guberman.

In addition, the Companies Law requires the board of directors of a public company to appoint an internal auditor nominated by the audit committee. A person who does not satisfy certain independence requirements may not be appointed as an internal auditor. We have appointed Mr. Doron Cohen from Fahn Kanne Control Management Ltd. (an affiliate of Grant Thornton LLP) to serve as our internal auditor.

Options Committee

Our board of directors has appointed an options committee, which bears the responsibilities related to granting of options under our stock options plans in accordance with policies determined by our board of directors.

The current members of the options committee are Gideon Hollander and Ohad Zuckerman.

Compensation Policy and Committee

Under a December 2012 amendment to the Companies Law, we will be required to appoint a compensation committee and to establish a policy regarding the terms of engagement of office holders, or a compensation policy. Such compensation policy will need to be set by our board, after considering the recommendations of our newly-appointed compensation committee, and will require shareholder approval.

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The compensation policy must serve as the basis for decisions concerning the financial terms of employment or engagement of office holders, including exculpation, insurance, indemnification or any monetary payment or obligation of payment in respect of employment or engagement. The compensation policy must relate to certain factors, including advancement of the company’s objectives, the company’s business and its long-term strategy, and creation of appropriate incentives for executives. It must also consider, among other things, the company’s risk management, size and the nature of its operations. The compensation policy must furthermore consider the following additional factors:

· the knowledge, skills, expertise and accomplishments of the relevant director or executive;

· the director’s or executive’s roles and responsibilities and prior compensation agreements with him or her;

· the relationship between the terms offered and the average compensation of the other employees of the company, including those employed through manpower companies;

· the impact of disparities in salary upon work relationships in the company;

· the possibility of reducing variable compensation at the discretion of the board of directors; and the possibility of setting a limit on the exercise value of non-cash variable compensation; and

· as to severance compensation, the period of service of the director or executive, the terms of his or her compensation during such service period, the company’s performance during that period of service, the person’s contribution towards the company’s achievement of its goals and the maximization of its profits, and the circumstances under which the person is leaving the company.

The compensation policy must also include the following principles:

· the link between variable compensation and long-term performance and measurable criteria;

· the relationship between variable and fixed compensation, and the ceiling for the value of variable compensation;

· the conditions under which a director or executive would be required to repay compensation paid to him or her if it was later shown that the data upon which such compensation was based was inaccurate and was required to be restated in the company’s financial statements; and

· the minimum holding or vesting period for variable, equity-based compensation.

The compensation policy must also consider appropriate incentives from a long-term perspective and maximum limits for severance compensation.

Under the amendment, the compensation committee will be responsible for (a) recommending the compensation policy to our board of directors for its approval (and subsequent approval by our shareholders) and (b) duties related to the compensation policy and to the compensation of our office holders as well as functions previously fulfilled by our audit committee with respect to matters related to approval of the terms of engagement of office holders, including:

· recommending whether a compensation policy should continue in effect, if the then-current policy has a term of greater than three (3) years (approval of either a new compensation policy or the continuation of an existing compensation policy must in any case occur every three years);

· recommending to the board periodic updates to the compensation policy;

· assessing implementation of the compensation policy; and

· determining whether the compensation terms of the chief executive officer of the company need not be brought to approval of the shareholders (under special circumstances).

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The compensation committee must consist of at least three (3) members, including all of our external directors. Each remaining compensation committee member must be a director whose compensation does not exceed an amount that may be paid to an external director. The compensation committee will be subject to the same Companies Law restrictions as the audit committee as to (a) committee membership and (b) who may not be present during committee deliberations (as described under “—Approval of Related Party Transactions Under Israeli Law— Fiduciary Duties of Directors and Executive Officers— Disclosure of Personal Interests of an Office Holder” below).

We have not yet appointed our compensation committee, but intend to do so in 2013, in keeping with the requirement that we do so within a reasonable time after the effectiveness of the Companies Law amendment in December 2012. Under that amendment, we will have until September 12, 2013 to adopt our compensation policy.

External Directors

Under the Companies Law, the boards of directors of companies whose shares are publicly traded are required to include at least two members who qualify as external directors.

The Companies Law provides that external directors must be elected by a majority vote of the shares present and voting at a shareholders meeting, provided that either:

· the majority voted in favor of election includes a majority of the shares held by non-controlling shareholders who do not have a personal interest in the election of the external director (other than a personal interest not deriving from a relationship with a controlling shareholder) that are voted at the meeting, excluding abstentions, which we refer to as a disinterested majority; or

· the total number of shares held by non-controlling, disinterested shareholders (as described in the previous bullet-point) voted against the election of the director does not exceed two percent (2%) of the aggregate voting rights in the company.

The term controlling shareholder is defined in the Companies Law as a shareholder with the ability to direct the activities of the company, other than by virtue of being an office holder.  A shareholder is presumed to be a controlling shareholder if the shareholder holds 50% or more of the voting rights in a company or has the right to appoint the majority of the directors of the company or its general manager.

After an initial term of three years, external directors may be reelected to serve in that capacity for up to two additional three year terms, provided that either (i) his or her service for each such additional term is recommended by one or more shareholders holding at least one percent (1%) of the company’s voting rights and is approved at a shareholders meeting by a disinterested majority, where the total number of shares held by non-controlling, disinterested shareholders voting for such reelection exceeds two percent (2%) of the aggregate voting rights in the company; or (ii) his or her service for each such additional term is recommended by the board of directors and is approved at a shareholders meeting by the same disinterested majority required for the initial election of an external director (as described above).

If an external directorship becomes vacant and there are less than two external directors on the board of directors at the time, then the board of directors is required under the Companies Law to call a shareholders meeting immediately to appoint a replacement external director.

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Each committee of the board of directors that exercises the powers of the board of directors must include at least one external director, except that the audit committee and our compensation committee (once it is formed) must include all external directors then serving on the board of directors.  Under the Companies Law, external directors of a company are prohibited from receiving, directly or indirectly, any compensation from the company other than for their services as external directors pursuant to applicable regulations.  Compensation of an external director is determined prior to his or her appointment and may not be changed throughout his or her term (subject to certain exemptions).

The Companies Law provides that a person is not qualified to serve as an external director if (i) the person is a relative of the controlling shareholder of the company, or (ii) if that person or his or her relative, partner, employer, another person to whom he or she was directly or indirectly subject, or any entity under the person’s control, has or had, during the two years preceding the date of appointment as an external director: (a) any affiliation or other prohibited relationship with the company or, with any person or entity controlling the company of a relative of such person, with any entity controlled by or under common control with the company; or (b) in the case of a company with no controlling shareholder, any affiliation or other prohibited relationship with a person serving as chairman of the board, chief executive officer, a substantial shareholder or the most senior office holder in the company’s finance department.

The term relative is defined as a spouse, sibling, parent, grandparent or descendant; spouse’s sibling, parent or descendant; and the spouse of each of the foregoing persons.  The term affiliation and the similar types of prohibited relationships include (subject to certain exemptions):

· an employment relationship;

· a business or professional relationship even if not maintained on a regular basis (excluding insignificant relationships);

· control; and

· service as an office holder, excluding service as a director in a private company prior to the first offering of its shares to the public if such director was appointed as a director of the private company in order to serve as an external director following the public offering.

The term office holder is defined under the Companies Law as a director, general manager, chief business manager, deputy general manager, vice general manager, other manager directly subordinate to the general manager or any other person assuming the responsibilities of any of these positions regardless of that person’s title.

In addition, no person may serve as an external director if that person’s position or professional or other activities create, or may create, a conflict of interest with that person’s responsibilities as a director or otherwise interfere with that person’s ability to serve as an external director or if the person is an employee of the Israel Securities Authority or of an Israeli stock exchange.  A person may furthermore not continue to serve as an external director if he or she received direct or indirect compensation from the company for his or her role as a director. This prohibition does not apply to compensation paid or given in accordance with Israeli Companies Law regulations or amounts paid pursuant to indemnification and/or exculpation contracts or commitments and insurance coverage.  Following the termination of an external director’s service on a board of directors, such former external director and his or her spouse and children may not be provided a direct or indirect benefit by the company, its controlling shareholder or any entity under its controlling shareholder’s control.  This includes engagement as an executive officer or director of the company or a company controlled by its controlling shareholder or employment by, or provision of services to, any such company for consideration, either directly or indirectly, including through a corporation controlled by the former external director.  This restriction extends for a period of two years with regard to the former external director and his or her spouse or child and for one year with respect to other relatives of the former external director.

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If at the time at which an external director is appointed all members of the board of directors not otherwise affiliated with the Company are of the same gender, the external director must be of the other gender.  A director of one company may not be appointed as an external director of another company if a director of the other company is acting as an external director of the first company at such time.

A person may be appointed as an external director only if he or she has professional qualifications or if he or she has accounting and financial expertise.  In addition, at least one of the external directors must be determined by our board of directors to have accounting and financial expertise.

Ohad Zuckerman, Avner Atsmon and Gittit Guberman currently serve as our external directors.

D.            Employees

As of December 31, 2012, we had 32 employees in Israel, 37 in the United States and 19 in Europe. Of our 88 employees, 21 were engaged in research and development, 17 in sales, marketing and business development, 33 in professional services and technical support and 17 in finance, administration and operations.  With respect to our Israeli and European employees, we are subject to local labor laws and regulations. These laws principally concern matters such as paid annual vacation, paid sick days, length of the workday and work week, minimum wages, pay for overtime, insurance for work-related accidents, severance pay, termination of employment procedures and other conditions of employment.

Furthermore, with respect to our Israeli employees, we are subject to provisions of the collective bargaining agreements between the Histadrut (General Federation of Labor in Israel) and the Coordination Bureau of Economic Organizations (including the Industrialists Association) by order of the Israeli Ministry of Labor and Welfare. These provisions principally concern cost of living increases, recreation pay and other conditions of employment. To date, we have not experienced any work stoppages.

The following tables set forth as of the end of each of the last three fiscal years, the number of our employees, categorized by activity and geographic location:

As of December 31,	2012		2011		2010
Research and Development		21		21		16
Marketing, Sales, Services and Customer Support		50		57		60
Administration Management and Information Systems		17		17		20
Total		88		95		96

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As of December 31,	2012		2011		2010
Israel		32		31		28
United States		37		42		43
Europe		19		22		25
Total		88		95		96

E.             Share Ownership

Other then Gideon Hollander and Yossie Hollander, whose shareholdings are described in Item 7 below, none of our officers and directors owns in excess of one percent of our outstanding ordinary shares.

Option Plans

We currently maintain three option plans, the 1999 Option Plan, the 2003 Share Option Plan and the 2012 Share Option and Incentive Plan. The purpose of our option plans is to afford an incentive to officers, directors, employees and consultants of ours, or any of our subsidiaries, to acquire a proprietary interest in us, to continue as officers, directors, employees and consultants, to increase their efforts on behalf of us and to promote the success of our business.

As of December 31, 2012, 1,133,705 ordinary shares were available for future grants under these option plans to be granted to officers, directors, employees and consultants. As of December 31, 2012, options to purchase 520,960 ordinary shares were outstanding under the option plans. As of December 31, 2012, the weighted average exercise price of options outstanding under our option plans is $5.84. Our option plans are administered by our board of directors and the options committee of our board of directors. Under the option plans, options to purchase our ordinary shares may be granted to officers, directors, employees or consultants. In addition, pursuant to the option plans, the exercise price of options shall be determined by our board of directors or our options committee but may not be less than the par value of the ordinary shares and is typically the fair market value on the date of grant.  The vesting schedule of the options is also determined by our board of directors or our options committee but generally the options vest over a four year period.  Generally, options granted under the option plans are exercisable until seven to ten years from the date of the grant.  The 1999 Option Plan and the 2003 Share Option Plan expired on December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2012, respectively.

As of March 31, 2013 options to purchase 388,000 ordinary shares granted to our directors and executive officers (7 persons) under our option plans were outstanding. The weighted average exercise price of these options was $4.88 per share ranging from $0.85 to $16.36, and the expiration dates of the options range from August 26, 2012 to January 31, 2020.

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Item 7: MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

A.            Major Shareholders

The following table sets forth, to the best of our knowledge, as of March 15, 2013, those shareholders that own 5% or more of our capital stock and officers that own 1% or more of our capital stock.

Name of Beneficial Owner	Number of Shares Owned		Percentage*
Yossie Hollander (1)		546,003		13.06	%
Gideon Hollander  (2)		453,747		10.75	%
New Resources (3)		230,000		5.53	%
Gunar Anstalt (4)		223,750		5.38	%
Lloyd I. Miller, III (5)		764,553		18.38	%

* During 2008 we purchased a total of 1,111,796 of our ordinary shares pursuant to a share repurchase program as well as a self tender offer conducted by us. The shares we repurchased are held by us as treasury shares. Under the Companies Law, for so long as such treasury shares are owned by us, they have no rights and, accordingly, are neither eligible to participate in or receive any future dividends which may be paid to our shareholders nor are they entitled to participate in, be voted at or be counted as part of the quorum for, any meetings of our shareholders. The shareholding percentage information in this table and the financial information provided in this annual report do not consider these treasury shares as part of our issued and outstanding share capital.

(1) Based on a Directors and Officers Questionnaire submitted to us by Mr. Hollander.  Represents 325,320 ordinary shares owned individually by Mr. Hollander, 75,668 ordinary shares owned by Mr. Hollander’s spouse and 125,015 ordinary shares owned individually by Dana Hollander Settlement 1991, LLC, a Nevada limited liability company, as to which Mr. Hollander is an income beneficiary of a trust holding a 99% membership interest therein.  Includes 20,000 ordinary shares issuable pursuant to options held by Mr. Hollander which are exercisable within 60 days of the date hereof. Does not include 120,000 ordinary shares owned by Mr. Hollander’ mother as Mr. Hollander disclaims beneficial ownership of such shares and an aggregate of 387,400 ordinary shares owned indirectly by various trusts, as equity holders of certain foreign entities, as to which Mr. Hollander and/or his children, as beneficiaries of such trusts, may be deemed to have interests.  Any such interest would be in an indeterminable number of the ordinary shares owned indirectly by such trusts.  Mr. Hollander disclaims beneficial ownership of any ordinary shares so held by such trusts. We make no representation as to the accuracy or completeness of the information reported.  The address of Mr. Hollander is 5901 Peachtree Dunwoody Road, Building B, Suite 550, Atlanta, Georgia 30328.

(2) Based on a Directors and Officers Questionnaire submitted to us by Mr. Hollander.  Represents 391,247 ordinary shares owned individually by Mr. Hollander, and 62,500 ordinary shares issuable pursuant to options held by Mr. Hollander which are exercisable within 60 days of the date hereof. Does not include 120,000 ordinary shares owned by Mr. Hollander’ mother as Mr. Hollander disclaims beneficial ownership of such shares. We make no representation as to the accuracy or completeness of the information reported.  The address of Mr. Hollander is 11 Shenkar Street, Herzliya 46725, Israel.

(3) Based on a Schedule 13G filed with the Commission on February 16, 2010.  We make no representation as to the accuracy or completeness of the information reported. New Resource’s address is P.O. Box 309 GT, Ugland House, South Church Street, George Town, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands.

(4) Based on a Schedule 13G filed with the Commission on February 23, 2010.  We make no representation as to the accuracy or completeness of the information reported. Gunar Anstalt’s address is AeuleStrasse 5, FL-9490 Vaduz, Liechtenstein.

(5) Based on a Schedule 13G filed with the Commission on December 31, 2012. The Company makes no representation as to the accuracy or completeness of the information reported. Mr. Miller’s address is 222 Lakeview Avenue Suite 160-365 West Palm Beach, Florida 33401.

The shareholders that own 5% or more of our capital stock do not have different voting rights.

Based upon a review of the information provided to us by our transfer agent, as of April 23, 2013, there were 53 holders of record of our shares, of which 42 record holders holding 3,468,242, or approximately 84%, of our outstanding ordinary shares, had registered addresses in the United States. These numbers are not representative of the number of beneficial holders of our shares nor is it representative of where such beneficial holders reside, since many of these shares were held of record by brokers or other nominees. As of the said date, CEDE & Co, the nominee company of the Depository Trust Company (with a registered address in the United States), held of record 3,340,206 ordinary shares on behalf of an firms of brokers and banks in the United States, who in turn held such shares on behalf of several thousand clients and customers.

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B.            Related Party Transactions

As of August 2008 our directors each receive annual compensation of NIS 42,600 (approximately $11,000) plus NIS 2,200 (approximately $600) for each meeting of the board and each meeting of a committee of the board attended.  In addition, Mr. Gideon Hollander, our Co-Chief Executive Officer and active Chairman of our Board of Directors has received, and continues to receive, compensation for his services in various capacities to our company.  See “Item 6: Directors, Senior Management and Employees” for a description of the compensation payable to our directors and Mr. Hollander.

C.            Interests of Expert and Counsel

Not applicable.

Item 8: FINANCIAL INFORMATION

A.            Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information

See Item 18 for our audited consolidated financial statements.

Export Sales

We generated $6.2 million, constituting approximately 58% of our revenues, in North America and $4.2 million, constituting approximately 39% of our total revenues, in Europe through wholly owned subsidiaries during the year ended December 31, 2012. Our export sales consist mainly of intercompany transactions with our subsidiaries.

Legal Proceedings

We are, from time to time, a party to legal or arbitration proceedings that are incidental to our business, none of which we believe is likely to have a significant effect on our financial position or profitability.

Dividend Policy

Our policy has been not to pay dividends. See “Item 10.B Memorandum and Articles of Association”for disclosure regarding the procedures for dividend distributions.

B.            Significant Changes

Other than as may be described elsewhere in this annual report, no significant change has occurred with respect to our company since the date of the annual financial statements included in this annual report.

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Item 9: THE OFFER AND LISTING

A.           Offer and Listing Details

Share History

Our ordinary shares were quoted on the NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol “JCDA” since October 14, 1999 until October 2012. Since October 2012 trading in our shares is conducted in the over-the-counter market in the OTCQB Marketplace under the symbol “JCDAF”. Until October 2011, our ordinary shares were also quoted on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange (“TASE”) under the symbol the symbol “JCDA” or its Hebrew equivalent.

The following tables present the high and low market prices on the NASDAQ Global Market or the over-the-counter market in the OTCQB Marketplace of our ordinary shares for the indicated fiscal years, fiscal quarters and months.

Year	High	Low
2008	$16.28	$8.12
2009	13.28	4.96
2010	8.32	3.20
2011	4.20	1.69
2012	2.08	0.26

Fiscal Quarter	High	Low
01/01/11 – 03/31/11	$4.20	$3.33
04/01/11 – 06/30/11	3.62	2.21
07/01/11 – 09/30/11	2.57	2.06
10/01/11 – 12/31/11	2.35	1.69
01/01/12 – 03/31/12	2.00	1.72
04/01/12 – 06/30/12	1.88	1.40
07/01/12 – 09/30/12	2.08	1.33
10/01/12 – 12/31/12	1.70	0.26

Month	High	Low
10/2012	$1.70	$0.26
11/2012	1.36	1.17
12/2012	1.36	1.01
01/2013	1.19	0.81
02/2013	1.00	0.85
03/2013	1.26	0.87

The following tables present the high and low market prices on the TASE of our ordinary shares for the indicated fiscal years, fiscal quarters and months.  Trading in our shares on the TASE commenced on June 18, 2001 and terminated on October 9, 2011. Share prices in the TASE are denominated in New Israeli Shekels (NIS). The following prices are denominated in U.S. dollars in accordance with the applicable exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the NIS.

Year	High	Low
2008	$16.80	$8.96
2009	14.80	4.88
2010	6.74	3.37
2011 (through October 9, 2011)	4.24	1.97

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B. Plan of distribution

Not applicable.

C. Markets

Our ordinary shares were quoted on the NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol “JCDA” until October 2012. Since October 2012 trading in our shares is conducted in the over-the-counter market in the OTCQB Marketplace under the symbol “JCDAF”.

D.           Selling Shareholders

Not applicable.

E.            Dilution

Not applicable.

F.             Expenses of the Issue

Not applicable.

Item 10: ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

A.            Share Capital

Not applicable.

B.            Memorandum and Articles of Association

For a copy of our Memorandum of Association and our Articles of Association, see Item 19, Exhibits 1.1 and 1.2 which have been incorporated by reference as part of this Annual Report from our Registration Statement on Form F-1, File No. 333-10882, as well as Exhibit 1.3 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.3 to our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2003), Exhibit 1.4 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.4 to our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2004) and Exhibit 1.5 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.5 to our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2010). In addition, because we are an Israeli company, we are governed by the provisions of the Companies Law, which are described below, and by our governing documents.

Objects and Purposes

           The objects and purposes of our company appear in our Memorandum of Association and include: engaging in all businesses of trade, finance, import, export, distribution, services, economic initiatives and capital investments; engaging in production, processing and development of any kind; engaging in any activities of initiators, founders, and managers of plants, companies, corporations, and real estate; serving as brokers and agents for any person, business or corporation in Israel and abroad; and engaging in research, exploration, and development.

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Approval of Related Party Transactions Under Israeli Law

Fiduciary Duties of Directors and Executive Officers

The Companies Law codifies the fiduciary duties that office holders (as defined above under “Item 6.C: Board Practices—External Directors”) owe to a company.  Each person listed in the table under “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees” is an office holder under the Israeli Companies Law.

An office holder’s fiduciary duties consist of a duty of care and a duty of loyalty.  The duty of care requires an office holder to act with the level of care with which a reasonable office holder in the same position would have acted under the same circumstances.  The duty of loyalty requires that an office holder act in good faith and in the best interests of the company.  The duty of care includes a duty to use reasonable means to obtain:

· information on the advisability of a given action brought for his or her approval or performed by virtue of his or her position; and

· all other important information pertaining to these actions.

The duty of loyalty requires an office holder to act in good faith and for the benefit of the company, and includes a duty to:

· refrain from any conflict of interest between the performance of his or her duties to the company and his or her other duties or personal affairs;

· refrain from any activity that is competitive with the company;

· refrain from exploiting any business opportunity of the company to receive a personal gain for himself or herself or others; and

· disclose to the company any information or documents relating to the company’s affairs which the office holder received as a result of his or her position as an office holder.

Disclosure of Personal Interests of an Office Holder

The Companies Law requires that an office holder promptly disclose to the board of directors any personal interest that he or she may have and all related material information known to him or her and any documents concerning any existing or proposed transaction with the company.  An interested office holder’s disclosure must be made promptly and in any event no later than the first meeting of the board of directors at which the transaction is considered.  A personal interest includes an interest of any person in an act or transaction of a company, including a personal interest of one’s relative or of a corporate body in which such person or a relative of such person is a 5% or greater shareholder, director or general manager or in which he or she has the right to appoint at least one director or the general manager, but excluding a personal interest stemming from one’s ownership of shares in the company.  A personal interest furthermore includes the personal interest of a person for whom the office holder holds a voting proxy or the interest of the office holder with respect to his or her vote on behalf of the shareholder for whom he or she holds a proxy even if such shareholder itself has no personal interest in the approval of the matter.  An office holder is not, however, obliged to disclose a personal interest if it derives solely from the personal interest of his or her relative in a transaction that is not considered an extraordinary transaction.  Under the Companies Law, an extraordinary transaction is defined as any of the following:

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· a transaction other than in the ordinary course of business;

· a transaction that is not on market terms; or

· a transaction that may have a material impact on a company’s profitability, assets or liabilities.

If it is determined that an office holder has a personal interest in a transaction, approval by the board of directors is required for the transaction, unless the company’s articles of association provide for a different method of approval.  Further, so long as an office holder has disclosed his or her personal interest in a transaction, the board of directors may approve an action by the office holder that would otherwise be deemed a breach of duty of loyalty. However, a company may not approve a transaction or action that is adverse to the company’s interest or that is not performed by the office holder in good faith.  Approval first by the company’s audit committee and subsequently by the board of directors is required for an extraordinary transaction with an office holder who is not a director. Compensation of, or an undertaking to indemnify or insure, an office holder who is not a director requires approval first by the compensation committee, followed by the board of directors as a whole.  Arrangements regarding the compensation, indemnification or insurance of a director require the approval of the compensation committee, board of directors and shareholders, in that order.

Generally, a person who has a personal interest in a matter which is considered at a meeting of the board of directors, the audit committee or the compensation committee may not be present at such a meeting or vote on that matter unless a majority of the directors or members of the audit committee or compensation committee have a personal interest in the matter, or unless the chairman of the audit committee, compensation committee or board of directors (as applicable) determines that he or she should be present in order to present the transaction or compensation (as applicable) that is subject to approval.   If a majority of the members of the audit committee and/or the board of directors has a personal interest in the approval of a transaction, then all directors may participate in discussions of the audit committee and/or the board of directors on such transaction and the voting on approval thereof, but shareholder approval is also required for such transaction.

Disclosure of Personal Interests of Controlling Shareholders

Pursuant to Israeli law, the disclosure requirements regarding personal interests that apply to office holders also apply to a controlling shareholder of a public company.  In the context of a transaction involving a shareholder of the company, a controlling shareholder also includes any shareholder who holds 25% or more of the voting rights if no other shareholder holds more than 50% of the voting rights.  Two or more shareholders with a personal interest in the approval of the same transaction are deemed to be a single shareholder and may be deemed a controlling shareholder for the purpose of approving such transaction.  Extraordinary transactions with a controlling shareholder or in which a controlling shareholder has a personal interest, or a transaction with a controlling shareholder or his or her relative, directly or indirectly, require the approval of the audit committee, the board of directors and the shareholders of the company, in that order. The terms of engagement and compensation of a controlling shareholder who is an office holder or an employee of the company require the approval of the compensation committee, the board of directors and the shareholders of the company, in that order. In addition, the shareholder approval (in each case, whether for a transaction or the terms of engagement and compensation) must fulfill one of the following requirements:

· a disinterested majority; or

· the votes of shareholders who have no personal interest in the transaction and who are present and voting, in person, by proxy or by voting deed at the meeting, and who vote against the transaction may not represent more than two percent (2%) of the voting rights of the company.

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To the extent that any such transaction with a controlling shareholder is for a period extending beyond three years, approval is required once every three years, unless the audit committee determines that the duration of the transaction is reasonable given the circumstances related thereto.

Shareholder Duties

Pursuant to the Companies Law, a shareholder has a duty to act in good faith and in a customary manner toward the company and other shareholders and to refrain from abusing his or her power in the company, including, among other things, in voting at the general meeting of shareholders and at class shareholder meetings with respect to the following matters:

· an amendment to the company’s articles of association;

· an increase of the company’s authorized share capital;

· a merger; or

· the approval of interested party transactions and acts of office holders that require shareholder approval.

A shareholder also has a general duty to refrain from discriminating against other shareholders.

In addition, certain shareholders have a duty of fairness toward the company.  These shareholders include any controlling shareholder, any shareholder who knows that it has the power to determine the outcome of a shareholder vote or a shareholder class vote and any shareholder who has the power to appoint or to prevent the appointment of an office holder of the company or other power towards the company.  The Companies Law does not define the substance of this duty of fairness, except to state that the remedies generally available upon a breach of contract will also apply in the event of a breach of the duty to act with fairness.

Under our articles of association, our board can, among other things, determine our plans of activity and the principles of financing such plans, examine our financial situation and set the framework of credit which we may take and decide to issue a series of debentures.

Our directors are not subject to any age limit requirement, nor are they disqualified from serving on our board of directors because of a failure to own our shares.

Insurance, Indemnification, and Exculpation of Directors and Officers

Under the Companies Law, an Israeli company may not exculpate an office holder from liability for a breach of the duty of loyalty of the office holder. However, the company may approve an act performed in breach of the duty of loyalty of an office holder provided that the office holder acted in good faith, the act or its approval does not harm the company, and the office holder discloses the nature of his or her personal interest in the act and all material facts and documents a reasonable time before discussion of the approval. An Israeli company may exculpate an office holder in advance from liability to the company, in whole or in part, for a breach of duty of care but only if a provision authorizing such exculpation is inserted in its articles of association. Our articles of association include such a provision. An Israeli company may not exculpate a director for liability arising out of a prohibited dividend or distribution to shareholders.

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An Israeli company may indemnify an office holder in respect of certain liabilities either in advance of an event or following an event provided a provision authorizing such indemnification is inserted in its articles of association. Our articles of association contain such an authorization. An undertaking provided in advance by an Israeli company to indemnify an office holder with respect to a financial liability imposed on him or her in favor of another person pursuant to a judgment, settlement or arbitrator’s award approved by a court must be limited to events which in the opinion of the board of directors can be foreseen based on the company’s activities when the undertaking to indemnify is given, and to an amount or according to criteria determined by the board of directors as reasonable under the circumstances, and such undertaking shall detail the abovementioned events and amount or criteria. In addition, a company may undertake in advance to indemnify an office holder against the following liabilities incurred for acts performed as an office holder:

· reasonable litigation expenses, including attorneys’ fees, incurred by the office holder as a result of an investigation or proceeding instituted against him or her by an authority authorized to conduct such investigation or proceeding, provided that (i) no indictment was filed against such office holder as a result of such investigation or proceeding; and (ii) no financial liability, such as a criminal penalty, was imposed upon him or her as a substitute for the criminal proceeding as a result of such investigation or proceeding or, if such financial liability was imposed, it was imposed with respect to an offense that does not require proof of criminal intent; and

· reasonable litigation expenses, including attorneys’ fees, incurred by the office holder or imposed by a court in proceedings instituted against him or her by the company, on its behalf or by a third party or in connection with criminal proceedings in which the office holder was acquitted or as a result of a conviction for a crime that does not require proof of criminal intent.

An Israeli company may insure an office holder against the following liabilities incurred for acts performed as an office holder:

· a breach of duty of loyalty to the company, to the extent that the office holder acted in good faith and had a reasonable basis to believe that the act would not prejudice the company;

· a breach of duty of care to the company or to a third party, including a breach arising out of the negligent conduct of the office holder; and

· a financial liability imposed on the office holder in favor of a third party.

An Israeli company may not indemnify or insure an office holder against any of the following:

· a breach of duty of loyalty, except to the extent that the office holder acted in good faith and had a reasonable basis to believe that the act would not prejudice the company;

· a breach of duty of care committed intentionally or recklessly, excluding a breach arising out of the negligent conduct of the office holder;

· an act or omission committed with intent to derive illegal personal benefit; or

· a fine levied against the office holder.

Under the Companies Law, exculpation, indemnification and insurance of office holders must be approved by our audit committee and our board of directors and, in respect of our directors or controlling shareholders, their relatives and third parties in which such controlling shareholders have a personal interest, also by our shareholders.

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Our articles of association, as amended, provide that, subject to the provisions of the Companies Law, we may enter into a contract for the insurance of all or part of the liability of any of our office holders with respect to:

· a breach of his duty of care to us or to another person;

· a breach of his duty of loyalty to us, provided that the office holder acted in good faith and had reasonable cause to assume that his act would not prejudice our interests; or

· a financial liability imposed upon such office holder in favor of another person concerning an act performed by the office in his/her capacity as an office holder.

Our articles of association also provide that we may indemnify an office holder against:

· a financial liability imposed on him in favor of another person by a court judgment, including a compromise judgment or an arbitrator's award which has been confirmed by a court; and

· reasonable litigation expenses, including attorneys' fees, expended by the office holder or which were imposed on the office holder by a court in proceedings instituted against the office holder by us or in our name or by any other person or in a criminal charge from which the office holder was acquitted or in a criminal proceeding in which the office holder was convicted for a criminal offense that does not require proof of criminal intent.

Required Approvals

Under the Companies Law, indemnification of, and procurement of insurance coverage for office holders must be approved by the compensation committee (formerly by the audit committee) and board of directors and, in specified circumstances, by the shareholders of a company.  In August 2003, August 2004, October 2006 and October 2010, our shareholders approved indemnification agreements with our directors under which we have undertaken to indemnify our directors to the fullest extent permitted under the Companies Law.

Rights, Preferences and Restrictions upon Shares

Our board of directors may from time to time declare, and cause us to pay, an interim dividend and final dividend for any fiscal year only out of retained earnings, or earnings derived over the two most recent fiscal years, whichever is higher. Our articles provide that the final dividend in respect of any fiscal year shall be proposed by the board of directors and shall be payable only after the same has been approved by a resolution of our shareholders, approved by a majority of the shares voting thereon.  However, no such resolution shall provide for the payment of an amount exceeding the amount proposed by the board of directors for the payment of such final dividend, and no such resolution or any failure to approve a final dividend shall affect any interim dividend theretofore declared and paid. The board of directors shall determine the time for payment of such dividends, both interim and final, and the record date for determining the shareholders entitled thereto.

Subject to the provisions of our articles of association and subject to any rights or conditions attached at that time to any of our shares granting preferential, special or deferred rights or not granting any rights with respect to dividends, profits which shall be declared as dividends shall be distributed according to the proportion of the nominal value paid upon account of the shares held at the date so appointed by us, without regard to the premium paid in excess of the nominal value, if any. No amount paid or credited as paid on a share in advance of calls shall be treated as paid on a share.

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If we are wound up, after satisfying liabilities to creditors, then subject to applicable law and to the rights of the holders of shares with special rights upon winding up, our assets available for distribution among the shareholders shall be distributed to them in proportion to their respective holdings.

Holders of ordinary shares have one vote for each fully-paid share held of record, on every resolution, without regard to whether the vote thereon is conducted by a show of hands, by written ballot or by any other means.

We may, subject to applicable law, issue redeemable shares and redeem the same.  In addition, our board of directors may, from time to time, as it, in its discretion, deems fit, make calls for payment upon shareholders in respect of any sum which has not been paid up in respect of shares held by such shareholders.

Amendment of Articles of Association

Our Articles of Association require, in order to amend the articles, the approval of the holders of at least 75% of the shares represented at a meeting, in person or by proxy, with the right to vote on the issue.  Our articles differ from the Companies Law in this respect as the law requires only the consent of at least 50% of the voting power of the company represented at a meeting and voting on the change for amendment of articles of association.

Shareholders Meetings and Resolutions

We are required to hold an annual general meeting of our shareholders once every calendar year, but no later than 15 months after the date of the previous annual general meeting. All meetings other than the annual general meeting of shareholders are referred to as extraordinary general meetings.  Extraordinary general meetings may be called by our board whenever it sees fit, at such time and place, within or without the State of Israel, as it may determine.  In addition, the Companies Law provides that the board of a public company is required to convene an extraordinary meeting upon the request of (a) any two directors of the company or one quarter of the company’s board of directors or (b) one or more shareholders holding, in the aggregate, (i) five percent of the outstanding shares of the company and one percent of the voting power in the company or (ii) five percent of the voting power in the company.

The quorum required by our articles for a meeting of shareholders consists of at least two shareholders present in person or by proxy who hold or represent between them at least 33.3% of the voting power in our Company.  Our articles differ from the Companies Law in this respect, as under the Companies Law only the presence of two shareholders holding at least 25% of the voting power in the Company is required for a quorum.  A meeting adjourned for lack of quorum is adjourned to the same day in the following week at the same time and place or any time and place as the chairman of the meeting decides with the consent of the holders of a majority of the voting power represented at such meeting.  At such reconvened meeting, the required quorum consists of any two shareholders present in person or by proxy.

The Companies Law requires that a notice of any annual or special shareholders meeting be provided at least 21 days prior to the meeting and if the agenda of the meeting includes the appointment or removal of directors, the approval of transactions with office holders or interested or related parties, or an approval of a merger, notice must be provided at least 35 days prior to the meeting.

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Our articles enable our board to fix a record date to allow us to determine the shareholders entitled to notice of, or to vote at, any general meeting of our shareholders.  The Companies Law provides that a record date may not be more than 40 nor less than four days before the date of the meeting.  Each shareholder of record as of the record date determined by the board may vote the shares then held by that shareholder unless all calls and other sums then payable by the shareholder in respect of its shares have not been paid.

Limitation on Ownership of Securities

The ownership and voting of our ordinary shares by non-residents of Israel are not restricted in any way by our articles or by the laws of the State of Israel, except for shareholders who are subjects of countries that are in a state of war with the State of Israel.

Mergers and Acquisitions; Anti-takeover Provisions

The Companies Law includes provisions allowing corporate mergers.  These provisions require that the board of directors of each company that is party to the merger approve the transaction.  In addition, the shareholders of our Company must approve a merger involving our company by a vote of 75% of our shares, present and voting on the proposed merger at a shareholders’ meeting, provided that the merger is not objected to by a majority of the shares represented at the meeting after excluding shares held by the other party to the merger or any person holding at least a 25% interest in such other party, including related parties or entities under the other party’s control. Our articles differ from the Companies Law in this respect, as under the law mergers require approval only of a majority of the voting power of a company represented at the relevant shareholders meeting and voting thereon after excluding shares held by the other party to the merger or any person holding at least a 25% interest in such other party, including related parties or entities under the other party’s control. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the merger involves a merger with a company’s own controlling shareholder or if the controlling shareholder has a personal interest in the merger, then the merger is subject to the same special majority approval that governs all extraordinary transactions with controlling shareholders.

The Companies Law does not require court approval of a merger other than in specified situations. However, upon the request of a creditor of either party to the proposed merger, a court may delay or prevent the merger if it concludes that there exists a reasonable concern that as a result of the merger, the surviving company will be unable to satisfy the obligations of any of the parties of the merger to their creditors.

A merger may not be completed unless at least 50 days have passed from the date that a request for the approval of the merger was filed with the Israeli registrar of companiesand 30 days from the date that shareholder approval of both merging companies was obtained. The request for the approval of a merger may be filed once a shareholder meeting has been called to approve the merger.

The Companies Law also provides that the acquisition of shares in a public company on the open market must be made by means of a tender offer if, as a result of the acquisition, the purchaser would become a 25% shareholder of the company.  The rule does not apply if there already is another 25% shareholder of the company.  Similarly, the law provides that an acquisition of shares in a public company must be made by means of a tender offer if, as a result of the acquisition, the purchaser would acquire greater than 45% of the company’s outstanding shares, unless there already is another greater-than-45% shareholder of the company.

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If, following any acquisition of shares, the purchaser would hold 90% or more of the shares of the company that acquisition must be made by means of a tender offer for all of the target company’s shares.  An acquirer who wishes to eliminate all minority shareholders must do so by means of a tender offer and acquire 95% of all shares not held by or for the benefit of the acquirer prior to the acquisition (provided that a majority of the offerees that do not have a personal interest in such tender offer shall have approved it, which condition shall not apply if, following consummation of the tender offer, the acquirer would hold at least 98% of all of the company’s outstanding shares or shares of the relevant class.  However, the acquirer may not acquire in such tender offer any tendered shares to the extent that the acquisition of those shares would bring the acquirer’s ownership to more than 90% but less than 95% of the shares of the target company. In addition, in the event that the tender offer to acquire that 95% is not successful, the acquirer may not acquire tendered shares if by doing so the acquirer would own more than 90% of the shares of the target company.

Our articles contain provisions which could delay, defer or prevent a change in our control.  These provisions include the staggered board provisions of our articles described above under Item 6.C.

Changes in Capital

Our articles enable us to increase our share capital.  Any such changes are subject to the provisions of the Companies Law and must be approved by a resolution passed by a majority of the holders of at least 75% of our shares represented, in person or by proxy, at a general meeting voting on such change in the capital.  Our articles differ from the Companies Law in this respect, as under the law changes in capital require approval only by a majority of the voting power of a company represented at the relevant shareholders meeting and voting thereon.

C.            Material Contracts

None.

D.            Exchange Controls

In 1998, the Israeli currency control regulations were liberalized significantly, so that Israeli residents generally may freely deal in foreign currency and foreign assets, and nonresidents may freely deal in Israeli currency and Israeli assets.  There are currently no Israeli currency control restrictions on remittances of dividends on the ordinary shares or the proceeds from the sale of the shares provided that all taxes were paid or withheld; however, legislation remains in effect pursuant to which currency controls can be imposed by administrative action at any time.

Nonresidents of Israel may freely hold and trade our securities.  Neither our Memorandum of Association nor our Articles of Association nor the laws of the State of Israel restrict in any way the ownership or voting of ordinary shares by nonresidents, except that such restrictions may exist with respect to citizens of countries which are in a state of war with Israel.  Israeli residents are permitted to purchase our ordinary shares.

 E.            Taxation

The following discussion sets forth the material United States and Israeli tax consequences of the ownership of ordinary shares by a holder that holds our ordinary shares, as capital assets.

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The following discussion does not address the tax consequences to holders of ordinary shares to which special tax rules may apply, such as tax-exem pt entities, certain insurance companies, broker-dealers, traders in securities that elect to mark to market, holders liable for alternative minimum tax, holders that actually or constructively own 10% or more of our voting stock, holders that hold ordinary shares as part of a straddle or a hedging or conversion transaction or holders whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar.  This discussion also does not apply to holders who acquired their ordinary shares pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options or otherwise as compensation or through a tax-qualified retirement plan.  This discussion is based on the tax laws of Israel and the United States, including the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, its legislative history, existing and proposed regulations under the Internal Revenue Code, published rulings and court decisions, as in effect on the date of this document, as well as the Income Tax Treaty between the United States of America and Israel, as amended, which we refer to as the Treaty, all of which are subject to change or change in interpretation, possibly with retroactive effect.

United States Federal Income Taxation of Owning and Selling Ordinary Shares.

This discussion does not address any aspects of United States taxation other than United States federal income taxation.  Holders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the United States federal, state and local and the Israeli and other tax consequences of owning and disposing of ordinary shares.

For purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. Holder” is any beneficial owner of ordinary shares that is:

· a citizen or resident of the United States;

· a corporation or other entity taxable as a corporation organized under the laws of the United states or any political subdivision of the United States;

· an estate the income of which is subject to United States federal income taxation without regard to its source; or

· a trust if a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more United States persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust.

If a partnership (or any other entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) holds ordinary shares, the tax treatment of such partnership and a partner in such partnership generally will depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Such a partnership or partner should consult its own tax advisors as to its consequences.

Dividends and Distributions

U.S. Holders

Subject to the passive foreign investment company rules discussed below, U.S. Holders will include in gross income the gross amount of any dividend paid, before reduction of Israeli withholding taxes, by us out of current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for Untied States federal income tax purposes, as ordinary income when the dividend is actually or constructively received by the U.S. Holder.  Dividends will be income from sources outside the United States for foreign tax credit limitation purposes, but generally will be “passive income” which is a type of income that is treated separately from other types of income for foreign tax credit limitation purposes. Dividends will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction generally allowed to United States corporations in respect of dividends received from other United States corporations.  The amount of the dividend distribution included in income of a U.S. Holder will be the U.S. dollar value of the NIS payments made, determined at the spot NIS/U.S. dollar rate on the date such dividend distribution is included in the income of the U.S. Holder, regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into U.S. dollars.  Generally, any gain or loss resulting from currency exchange fluctuations during the period from the date the dividend distribution is included in income to the date such dividend distribution is converted into U.S. dollars will be treated as ordinary income or loss. Such gain or loss will generally be income from sources within the United States for foreign tax credit limitation purposes. Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for United States federal income tax purposes, will be treated as a return of capital to the extent of the U.S. Holder’s basis in the ordinary shares and thereafter as capital gain. We will notify our shareholders of any distribution in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits at the time of such distribution in accordance with the requirements of the Internal Revenue Code.

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Subject to certain limitations, the Israeli tax withheld in accordance with the Treaty and paid over to Israel will be creditable against the U.S. Holder’s United States federal income tax liability.  To the extent a refund of the tax withheld is available to a U.S. Holder under the laws of Israel or under the Treaty, the amount of tax withheld that is refundable will not be eligible for credit against the U.S. Holder’s United States federal income tax liability, whether or not the refund is actually obtained.

For certain non-corporate U.S. Holders, subject to the discussion below under “Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules” (which we refer to as the PFIC discussion), for taxable years before January 1, 2011, a dividend paid by us to certain shareholders will be taxed at the preferential tax rates applicable to long-term capital gains if (a) we are a “qualified foreign corporation” (as defined below), (b) the U.S. Holder receiving such dividend is an individual, estate, or trust and (c) such dividend is paid on our shares that have been held by such U.S. Holder for more than 60 days during the 120-day period beginning 60 days before the “ex-dividend date” (i.e., the first date that a purchaser of such Share will not be entitled to receive such dividend).  Generally, we may be considered a “qualified foreign corporation,” or a QFC, if we are eligible for the benefits of a comprehensive income tax treaty with the United States which includes an information exchange program that the IRS determines is satisfactory. However, even we are so eligible, we will not be treated as a QFC if we were a PFIC for the taxable year during which we paid a dividend or for the preceding taxable year.  See the discussion below as to PFIC status.

Non-U.S. Holders

A non-U.S. Holder is not subject to United States federal income tax with respect to dividends paid on ordinary shares unless (i) the dividends are “effectively connected” with that non-U.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business in the United States, and attributable to a permanent establishment maintained in the United States (if that is required by an applicable income tax treaty as a condition for subjecting that non-U.S. Holder to United States taxation on a net income basis), or (ii) that non-U.S. Holder is an individual present in the United States for at least 183 days in the taxable year of the dividend distribution and certain other conditions are met. In such cases, a non-U.S. Holder will be taxed in the same manner as a U.S. Holder. A corporate non-U.S. Holder may also, under certain circumstances, be subject to an additional branch profits tax at a 30% rate, or at a lower rate if that corporate non-U.S. Holder is eligible for the benefits of an income tax treaty providing for a lower rate, with respect to gains that are “effectively connected” with its conduct of a trade or business in the United States.

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Subject to the discussion under “Backup Withholding Tax and Information Reporting Requirements” below in this section, a non-U.S. Holder of ordinary shares generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax on dividends received on shares or unless such income is effectively connected with the conduct by such non-U.S. Holder of a trade or business in the United States.

Sale or Exchange of Ordinary Shares

U.S. Holders

Subject to the passive foreign investment company rules discussed below, a U.S. Holder that sells or otherwise disposes of ordinary shares generally will recognize capital gain or loss for United States federal income tax purposes equal to the difference between the U.S. dollar value of the amount realized on the sale or disposition and the tax basis, determined in U.S. dollars, in the ordinary shares. Capital gain of a non-corporate U.S. Holder is generally taxed at a maximum rate of 15% if the ordinary shares were held for more than one year.  The gain or loss will generally be income or loss from sources within the United States for foreign tax credit limitation purposes.

Non-U.S. Holders

A non-U.S. Holder will not be subject to United States federal income tax on gain recognized on the sale or other disposition of ordinary shares unless (i) the gain is “effectively connected” with the non-U.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business in the United States, and the gain is attributable to a permanent establishment maintained in the United States (if that is required by an applicable income tax treaty as a condition for subjecting that non-U.S. Holder to United States taxation on a net income basis), or (ii) the non-U.S. Holder is an individual and present in the United States for at least 183 days in the taxable year of the sale and certain other conditions are met.  In such cases, a non-U.S. Holder will be taxed in the same manner as a U.S. Holder.  A corporate non-U.S. Holder may also, under certain circumstances, be subject to an additional “branch profits tax” at a 30% rate, or at a lower rate if eligible for the benefits of an income tax treaty that provides for a lower rate, on “effectively connected” gains recognized.

Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules

We believe that we are not a passive foreign investment company, or a PFIC, for United States federal income tax purposes, and we will attempt to manage our business so as to avoid PFIC status, to the extent consistent with our other business goals, but we cannot predict whether our business plans will allow us to avoid PFIC status in the future or whether our business plans will change in a manner that affects our PFIC determination.  Ultimately, our status is a factual determination made annually and may be subject to change.  A U.S. Holder may have less advantageous tax consequences upon the sale, exchange or receipt of dividends with respect to our shares if we are deemed a PFIC, unless such U.S. Holder makes certain elections which may have additional tax consequences, as described below.  Making these elections or “protective” elections may be particularly relevant this year given that our PFIC status for 2009, 2010 and 2011 depends on each of our non-PFIC status for all years prior to 2009, our not being a PFIC in both 2010 and 2011, and a favorable determination by the IRS as to the status of our common stocks held as marketable securities as non-passive assets, as described below.

Generally, a non-United States corporation is deemed to be a PFIC if either (i) 75% or more of its gross income (including the pro rata gross income of any company (United States or non-United States) in which such corporation is considered to own 25% or more of the stock by value) for the taxable year is passive income (generally referred to as the “income test”) or (ii) 50% or more of the average value of its assets (including the pro rata value of the assets of any company in which such corporation is considered to own 25% or more of the stock by value) during the taxable year, measured at the end of each quarter, produce, or are held for the production of, passive income in the taxable year (generally referred to as the “asset test”).

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In 2009, we held passive assets in an amount that could have caused us to become a PFIC, absent a specific exemption on which we are relied.  This exemption generally required or requires that we meet all of the following conditions: (i) we were never a PFIC in any taxable year prior to 2009; (ii) it is established to the satisfaction of the Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, that (a) substantially all of our passive income in 2009 was attributable to proceeds from the disposition of one or more active trades or businesses, and (b) we will not be a PFIC in 2010 or 2011; and (iii) we in fact are or will not be a PFIC in 2010 or 2011.  We believe that we met and continue to meet the conditions to this exemption as described above.  For 2010, 2011 and 2012, we passed both the Income Test and the Asset Test, as calculated using the “Domestic Look-through Rule” discussed below, and were therefore not considered a PFIC in 2010, 2011 or 2012. However, should the IRS determine that, in its opinion, the “Domestic Look-through Rule” has been improperly applied, we will have failed the Income Test and Asset Test and would be considered a PFIC. Since this exemption can be failed by our improperly applying the “Domestic Look-through Rule”, U.S. Holders should consider making one of the elections, including “protective” elections, described below.

In 2010, we invested $9.9 million of our cash in the common stock of various U.S. corporations. We believe that under the “Domestic Look-through Rule” of Section 1298(b)(7) of the Internal Revenue Code, these stocks are considered a non-passive asset for purposes of the Asset Test described above. As a result, we were in compliance with the Income Test and Asset Test in 2010, 2011 and 2012 and were not considered a PFIC. However, should the IRS determine that, in its opinion, these common stocks are a passive asset, we will have failed the Income Test and Asset Test and would be considered a PFIC.

Based on the active nature of our assets and income and the specific exemption described above, we do not believe that we have been a PFIC for the tax years through and ending December 31, 2012.  However, the statutory provisions, legislative history and administrative pronouncements related to the application of the asset test leave unanswered a number of questions pertaining to the application of such test to us.  In addition, there are circumstances both in our control and out of our control that may affect our potential status as a PFIC.  For example, the sale of non-passive assets in exchange for passive assets (such as cash) may impact the percentage of passive assets in applying the assets test.  Fluctuation in the market price of our shares may also impact the application of such test.

While we will attempt to manage our business so as to avoid PFIC status, to the extent consistent with our other business goals, we cannot predict whether our business plans will allow us to avoid PFIC status in the future or whether our business plans will change in a manner that affects our PFIC determination.

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Taxation of U.S. Holders of PFIC Shares Generally

If we were deemed to be a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder held our ordinary shares and such holder failed to make either a “QEF election” or a “mark-to-market election” (each as described below), then the following would apply to the U.S. Holder:

· gain recognized by the U.S. Holder upon the disposition of, as well as income recognized upon receiving excess distributions on, our ordinary shares would be taxable as ordinary income (“excess distributions” are the portion of any distributions received in a taxable year in excess of 125% of the average annual distributions received in the three preceding taxable years, or, if shorter, during the U.S. Holder's holding period for our ordinary shares);

· the U.S. Holder would be required to allocate such excess distribution income and/or disposition gain ratably over such holder's entire holding period for our ordinary shares;

· the amount allocated to each year other than the year of the distribution payment or disposition would be subject to tax at the highest individual or corporate tax rate, as applicable, in effect for such other year, and an interest charge for the deemed deferral benefit would be imposed with respect to the resulting tax liability for each such other year;

· the U.S. Holder would be required to file an annual return on IRS Form 8621 regarding distributions received on, and gain recognized on dispositions of, our ordinary shares; and

· any U.S. Holder who acquired our ordinary shares upon the death of a U.S. Holder would not receive a step-up of the income tax basis to the fair market value of such shares. Instead, such U.S. Holder beneficiary would have a tax basis equal to the decedent's basis, if lower.

A determination as to a corporation's PFIC status is made annually.  However, a determination that a corporation is a PFIC for any taxable year generally will cause the PFIC status to continue to apply during all future years with respect to U.S. Holders who hold the corporation's shares during the year in which the determination was made and who did not timely make a QEF election or mark-to-market election (each as described below) for the first tax year in which such U.S. Holder owned the shares and the corporation was a PFIC.  This PFIC treatment will continue to apply even if the corporation actually ceases to be a PFIC in later years.  However, once a corporation's PFIC status ceases, a U.S. Holder may avoid some of the adverse consequences of the PFIC regime by making a deemed sale election with respect to the subject shares.  In such case, the U.S. Holder will be treated as if it had sold the subject shares for their fair market value on the last day of the taxable year and will recognize gain, but not loss, on such deemed sale in accordance with the general PFIC rules, including the interest charge provisions described above.  Thereafter, the U.S. Holder's interest will be treated as an interest in a non-PFIC.

Taxation of U.S. Holders of PFIC Shares Making Timely QEF Election

In order to avoid some of the adverse consequences resultant from our being deemed a PFIC, a U.S. Holder that holds our ordinary shares may elect to have us treated, with respect to that person, as a “Qualified Electing Fund” or QEF.  We refer to such election as a “QEF Election” and to a U.S. Holder who makes such QEF election as an “Electing Shareholder.” The QEF Election applies to all ordinary shares that the Electing Shareholder held or subsequently acquired and can only be revoked with consent of the IRS.  The QEF Election must be made on or before the due date (after taking into account extensions) for the Electing Shareholder's tax return for the taxable year for which the election is made and, once made, will be effective for all subsequent taxable years of such person unless revoked.

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An Electing Shareholder generally will be required to include currently in gross income his or her pro rata share of our annual ordinary earnings and net capital gains, if any, in any taxable year for which we are a PFIC, regardless of whether or not distributions were received from us by the Electing Shareholder.  Any income inclusion will be required whether or not the Electing Shareholder owns our ordinary shares for an entire taxable year or merely at the end of our taxable year.  The amount required to be included in income will be determined without regard to our prior year losses.  Tax would need to be paid currently on such income, unless an election is made to defer such payment (interest charges would apply as a result, however).  The Electing Shareholder’s adjusted tax basis in our ordinary shares would be increased to reflect such taxes paid on undistributed earnings and profits.  Subsequent distributions of our earnings and profits that had been previously taxed will result in a corresponding reduction in the adjusted tax basis in the ordinary shares held by the Electing Shareholder and will not be taxed again once distributed. 

A primary advantage of a QEF election relates to treatment of gain upon disposition of ordinary shares.  So long as an Electing Shareholder's QEF election is in effect with respect to the entire holding period for its ordinary shares, any gain or loss realized by such shareholder on the sale or exchange of such ordinary shares held as capital assets ordinarily would be a capital gain or loss and taxable to such shareholder in the same manner as if the shares were not shares in a PFIC.

Even if it is not made in a timely fashion, a QEF election can still be made together with a deemed sale election or “purging election” for the same taxable year. If a purging election is made, the U.S. Holder will be treated as if it had sold our ordinary shares for their fair market value on the last day of the taxable year and will recognize gain, but not loss, on such deemed sale in accordance with the general PFIC rules, including the interest charge provisions described above. Thereafter, the U.S. Holder's interest will be treated as an interest in a QEF.

Protective QEF Election

A “protective” QEF election is a useful tool that allows U.S. Holders to continue to treat their stock as non-PFIC stock, while preserving their right to make a retroactive QEF election if it is later determined that they in fact held PFIC shares.  U.S. Holders will be permitted to make retroactive elections in particular circumstances, including if the U.S. Holder had a reasonable belief that the Company was not a PFIC and filed a protective election. If it is later determined that the company was a PFIC, U.S. Holders may then make a valid retroactive QEF election and will be taxed on their cumulative annual pro rata share of the company’s ordinary earnings and net capital gains (regardless of whether any distributions were received) as the election was made on a timely basis (i.e., on a non-retroactive basis), plus an interest charge to eliminate the tax deferral arising from the retroactive election. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors as to the consequences of making a protective QEF election or other consequences of making the QEF election.

Taxation of U.S. Holders of PFIC Shares Making Mark-to-Market Election

Alternatively, if we were to be deemed a PFIC for any taxable year and our ordinary shares are treated as “marketable stock,” a U.S. Holder would be allowed to make a “mark-to-market” election with respect to the ordinary shares he or she holds.  The term “marketable stock” generally includes stock of a PFIC that is “regularly traded” on a “qualified exchange or other market” as these terms are explained below.

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Generally, a “qualified exchange or other market” means (i) a national securities exchange which is registered with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or the national market system established pursuant to Section 11A of the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934; or (ii) a foreign securities exchange that is regulated or supervised by a governmental authority of the country in which the market is located and that has the following characteristics: (a) the exchange has trading volume, listing, financial disclosure, surveillance and other requirements designed to prevent fraudulent and manipulative acts and practices, to remove impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a free and open, fair and orderly, market, and to protect investors, and the laws of the country in which the exchange is located and the rules of the exchange ensure that such requirements are actually enforced and (b) the rules of the exchange effectively promote active trading of listed stocks. A class of stock is “regularly traded” on a qualified exchange or other market for any calendar year during which such class of stock is traded (other than in de minimis quantities) on at least 15 days during each calendar quarter, subject to special rules for an initial public offering.

As with a QEF election, a mark-to-market election is made on a shareholder-by-shareholder basis, applies to all ordinary shares held or subsequently acquired by a U.S. Holder and can only be revoked with consent of the IRS (except to the extent the ordinary shares no longer constitute “marketable stock”). As a result of a mark-to-market election, in any taxable year in which we are a PFIC, a U.S. Holder would generally be required to report gain or loss annually to the extent of the difference between the fair market value of our ordinary shares at the end of the taxable year and such U.S. Holder's adjusted tax basis in our ordinary shares at that time. Any gain under this computation, and any gain on an actual disposition of the ordinary shares, would be treated as ordinary income. Any loss under this computation, and any loss on an actual disposition of ordinary shares, generally would be treated as ordinary loss to the extent of the cumulative net mark-to-market gain previously included. Any remaining loss from marking ordinary shares to market will not be allowed, and any remaining loss from an actual disposition of ordinary shares generally would be capital loss. The U.S. Holder's tax basis in the ordinary shares is adjusted annually for any gain or loss recognized under the mark-to-market election.

Unless either (i) the mark-to-market election is made with respect to the taxable year in which the U.S. Holder's holding period for the ordinary shares commences or (ii) a QEF election has been in effect for such person's entire holding period, any mark-to-market gain for the election year generally will be subject to the general rules applicable to the disposition of shares of a PFIC, discussed above.

U.S. HOLDERS OF OUR ORDINARY SHARES SHOULD CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISORS ABOUT THE PFIC RULES, INCLUDING THE POSSIBILITY, AND ADVISABILITY OF, AND THE PROCEDURE AND TIMING FOR MAKING A QEF (OR A PROTECTIVE QEF) ELECTION OR MARK-TO-MARKET ELECTION IN CONNECTION WITH THEIR HOLDING OF ORDINARY SHARES, AS WELL AS OPTIONS TO ACQUIRE OUR ORDINARY SHARES.

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

U.S. information reporting requirements and backup withholding tax generally will apply to payments to some U.S non-corporate holders of ordinary shares. Information reporting generally will apply to payments of dividends on, and to proceeds from the sale or redemption of, ordinary shares by a payor within the United States to a holder of ordinary shares other than an “exempt recipient,” including a corporation and any payee that is not a U.S. Holder that provides an appropriate certification.

A payor within the United States will be required to withhold at the fourth lowest rate of tax applicable to single individual taxpayers (currently 28%) on any payments of dividends on, or proceeds from the sale of, ordinary shares within the United States to a holder, other than an “exempt recipient,” if the holder fails to furnish its correct taxpayer identification number or otherwise fails to comply with, or establish an exemption from, backup withholding tax requirements.

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Israeli Taxation

The following is a summary of the principal tax laws applicable to companies in Israel, with special reference to their effect on us, and certain Israeli Government programs benefiting us.  This section also contains a discussion of material Israeli tax consequences to persons acquiring ordinary shares.  This summary does not discuss all the acts of Israeli tax law that may be relevant to a particular investor in light of his or her personal investment circumstances or to certain types of investors subject to special treatment under Israeli law, such as traders in securities or persons that own, directly or indirectly, 10% or more of our outstanding voting share capital.  To the extent that the discussion is based on new tax legislation which has not been subject to judicial or administrative interpretation, there can be no assurance that the views expressed in this discussion will be accepted by the tax authorities.  This discussion is not intended, should not be construed, as legal or professional tax advice and is not exhaustive of all possible tax considerations.

Potential investors are urged to consult their own tax advisors as to the Israeli or other tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of ordinary shares, including, in particular, the effect of any foreign, state or local taxes.

General Corporate Tax Structure

Israeli companies were subject to “Corporate Tax” on their taxable income at the rate of 25% for the 2012 tax year. However, the effective tax rate payable by a company which derives income from an Approved Enterprise (as discussed further below) may be considerably less.

Beginning as of 2010, Israeli companies are subject to regular corporate tax rate for their capital gains.  In 2009, Israeli companies were generally subject to capital gains tax at a rate of 25% for such gains (other than capital gains from the sale of listed securities derived by companies with respect to which the provisions of Section 6 of the Israeli Income Tax Law (Inflationary Adjustments) 5745-1985, or the Inflationary Adjustments Law, or the provisions of Section 130A of the Income Tax Ordinance, 1961, or the Ordinance, applied immediately before the 2006 tax reform came into force, which were instead subject to the regular corporate tax rate).

Foreign Exchange Regulations

 Israeli companies may calculate their tax liability in US dollars according to certain orders. The tax liability, as calculated in US dollars is translated into NIS according to the exchange rate as of December 31st of each year.

Commencing with taxable year 2003, we have elected to measure our results for tax purposes in U.S. dollars, according to the Israeli Income Tax Regulations (Principles Regarding the Management of Books of Account of Foreign Invested Companies and Certain Partnerships and the Determination of Their Taxable Income), 1986. We believe that we meet the necessary conditions and as such, continue to measure our results for tax purposes based on the U.S. dollar.

Besides being subject to the general corporate tax rules in Israel, we have also from time to time applied for and received certain tax benefits from, and participate in, programs sponsored by the Government of Israel, as described below.

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Tax Benefits under the Law for the Encouragement of Industry (Taxes), 5672-1969

The Law for the Encouragement of Industry (Taxes), 5672-1969, generally referred to as the Industry Encouragement Law, provides several tax benefits for industrial companies. A company qualifies as an “Industrial Company” if it is resident in Israel and at least 90% of its income in a given tax year, determined in NIS (exclusive of income from specified government loans), is derived from Industrial Enterprises owned by that company. An “Industrial Enterprise” is defined as an enterprise whose major activity in a particular tax year is industrial manufacturing activity.

Under the Industry Encouragement Law, Industrial Companies are entitled to the following preferred corporate tax benefits, among others:

· Deduction of the cost of purchases of patents, or the right to use a patent or know-how used for the development or promotion of the Industrial Company, over an eight-year period, commencing in the year in which such rights were first exercised;

· Right to elect, under specified conditions, to file a consolidated tax return with additional related Israeli Industrial Companies;

· Accelerated depreciation rates on equipment and buildings; and

· Expenses related to a public offering are deductible in equal amounts over three years commencing in the year of the offering.

Under some tax laws and regulations, an industrial enterprise may be eligible for special depreciation rates for machinery, equipment and buildings. These rates differ based on various factors, including the date the operations begin and the number of work shifts. An industrial company owning an Approved Enterprise, as defined below, may choose between these special depreciation rates and the depreciation rates available to the Approved Enterprise.

Eligibility for benefits under the Industry Encouragement Law is not contingent upon the approval of any Government agency.

We believe that we currently qualify as an Industrial Company within the definition of the Industry Encouragement Law. We cannot assure you that the Israeli tax authority will agree that we qualify, or, if we qualify, that we will continue to qualify as an Industrial Company or that the benefits described above will be available to us in the future.

Law for the Encouragement of Capital Investments, 1959

The Law for Encouragement of Capital Investments, 1959, which is referred to below as the Capital Investments Law, provides certain incentives for capital investments in production facilities (or other eligible assets).

The Capital Investments Law was significantly amended effective April 1, 2005 (which we refer to as the 2005 Amendment), and as of January 1, 2011 (which we refer to as the 2011 Amendment). Pursuant to the 2005 Amendment, tax benefits granted in accordance with the provisions of the Capital Investments Law prior to its revision by the 2005 Amendment remain in force but any benefits granted subsequently are subject to the provisions of the amended Capital Investments Law. Similarly, the 2011 Amendment introduced new benefits instead of the benefits granted in accordance with the provisions of the Capital Investments Law prior to the 2011 Amendment.  However, companies entitled to benefits under the Capital Investments Law as in effect up to January 1, 2011 may choose to continue to enjoy such benefits, provided that certain conditions are met, or elect instead to forego such benefits and elect the benefits of the 2011 Amendment.

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The following discussion is a summary of the Capital Investments Law prior to its amendments as well as the relevant changes contained in the new legislation.

Tax benefits prior tothe 2005 Amendment

An investment program that is implemented in accordance with the provisions of the Capital Investment Law prior to the 2005 Amendment, referred to as an “Approved Enterprise,” is entitled to certain benefits. A company that wished to receive benefits had to receive an approval from the Investment Center of the Israel Ministry of Industry, Trade and Labor (Investment Center). Each certificate of approval for an Approved Enterprise relates to a specific investment program, delineated both by the financial scope of the investment and by the physical characteristics of the facility or the asset. The tax benefits from any certificate of approval relate only to taxable profits attributable to the specific Approved Enterprise. Income derived from activity that is not integral to the activity of the Approved Enterprise will not enjoy tax benefits.

An Approved Enterprise is entitled to receive a grant from the Government of Israel. Taxable income derived from an Approved Enterprise under the Capital Investments Law grants program is subject to tax at the maximum rate of 10%-25%, depending on the extent of foreign investment in the company. These tax benefits are granted for a limited period not exceeding 7 years, or 10 years for a company whose foreign investment level exceeds 25%, from the first year in which the Approved Enterprise has taxable income, after the year in which production commenced (as determined by the Investment Center). The period of benefits may in no event, however, exceed the lesser of 12 years from the year in which the production commenced (as determined by the Investment Center) or 14 years from the year of receipt of Approved Enterprise status, whichever is earlier.

An Approved Enterprise may elect to forego any entitlement to the grants otherwise available under the Capital Investments Law and, in lieu of the foregoing, may participate in an “Alternative Benefits Program”. Under the Alternative Benefits Program, a company's undistributed income derived from an Approved Enterprise will be exempt from company tax for a period of between 2 and 10 years from the first year of taxable income, depending on the geographic location of the Approved Enterprise within Israel, and the company will be eligible for a reduced tax rate of 10%-25% for an additional 5 to 8 years, depending on the extent of foreign investment in the company. We elected the Alternative Benefits Program, but there can be no assurance that the current programs will continue to be available or that we will continue to qualify for benefits under such programs.

A company that has an Approved Enterprise program is eligible for further tax benefits if it qualifies as a Foreign Investors’ Company (FIC). An FIC that is eligible for benefits is essentially a “Foreign Investment Company” that holds an Approved Enterprise. The determination as to whether or not a company qualifies as an FIC is made on an annual basis. An FIC that has an Approved Enterprise program will be eligible for an extension of the period during which it is entitled to tax benefits under its Approved Enterprise status (so that the benefit periods may be up to ten years) and for further tax benefits if the level of foreign investment exceeds 49%. If a company that has an Approved Enterprise program is a wholly-owned subsidiary of another company, then the percentage of foreign investments is determined based on the percentage of foreign investment in the parent company.

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Dividends paid out of income generated by an Approved Enterprise (or out of dividends received from a company whose income is generated by an Approved Enterprise) are generally subject to withholding tax at the rate of 15%, or at the lower rate under an applicable tax treaty. This withholding tax is deductible at source by the company. The 15% tax rate is limited to dividends and distributions out of income derived during the benefits period and actually paid at any time up to 12 years thereafter. After such period, the withholding tax is applied at a rate of up to 30%, or at the lower rate under an applicable tax treaty. In the case of an FIC, the 12-year limitation on reduced withholding tax on dividends does not apply. Under the Capital Investments Law, a company that has elected the Alternative Benefits Program is not obligated to distribute retained profits, and may generally decide from which year’s profits to declare dividends. In addition, a company that pays a dividend out of tax-exempt income generated by its Approved Enterprise will be required to recapture the deferred corporate income tax applicable to the amount distributed (grossed up to reflect such tax) at the rate which would have been applicable to such income had such income not been exempted from tax under the Capital Investment Law. This rate generally ranges from 10% to 25%, depending on the extent of non-Israeli shareholdings in the company.

The Capital Investments Law also provides that an Approved Enterprise is entitled to accelerated depreciation on its property and equipment that are included in an Approved Enterprise program in the first five years of using the equipment.

Tax benefits Subsequent to the 2005 Amendment

On April 1, 2005, the Capital Investments Law was significantly amended. The 2005 Amendment applies to new investment programs and investment programs commencing after 2004, and does not apply to investment programs approved prior to December 31, 2004. The 2005 Amendment provides that terms and benefits included in any approval that was granted before the amendment came into effect will remain subject to the provisions of the Capital Investments Law as they were on the date of such approval. Furthermore, the Investment Center will continue to grant Approved Enterprise status to qualifying investments. However, the 2005 Amendment limits the scope of enterprises that may be approved by the Investment Center by setting criteria for the approval of a facility as an Approved Enterprise, such as provisions generally requiring that at least 25% of the Approved Enterprise’s income will be derived from export.

The 2005 Amendment provides that Approved Enterprise status will only be necessary for receiving cash grants. As a result, it is no longer necessary for a company to acquire Approved Enterprise status in order to receive the tax benefits previously available under the Alternative Benefits Provisions. Rather, a company may claim the tax benefits offered by the Capital Investment Law directly in its tax returns, provided that its facilities meet the criteria for tax benefits set out by the 2005 Amendment. Companies or programs receiving these tax benefits are referred to as Benefited Enterprises. Companies are entitled to approach the Israeli tax authority for a pre-ruling regarding their eligibility for benefits under the 2005 Amendment.

Tax benefits are available under the 2005 Amendment to production facilities (or other eligible facilities), which are generally required to derive more than 25% of their business income from export to specific markets with a population of at least 12 million. In order to receive the tax benefits, the 2005 Amendment states that the company must make an investment that meets all the conditions set out in the amendment for tax benefits and exceeds a minimum amount specified in the Capital Investment Law. Such investment allows the company to receive Benefited Enterprise status, and may be made over a period of no more than three years ending at the end of the year in which the company requested to have the tax benefits apply to the Benefited Enterprise. Where the company requests to have the tax benefits apply to an expansion of existing facilities, only the expansion will be considered to be a Benefited Enterprise and the company’s effective tax rate will be the weighted average of the applicable rates.  In this case, the minimum investment required in order to qualify as a Benefited Enterprise is required to exceed a certain percentage of the value of the company’s production assets before the expansion.

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The extent and time period of the tax benefits available under the 2005 Amendment are determined by, among other things, the geographic location of the Benefited Enterprise.

We believe that our capital investments qualify to receive tax benefits as a Benefited Enterprise, however no assurance can be given that such investments will be approved as in fact qualifying for such tax benefits by the Israeli tax authority. Additionally, no assurance can be given that we will, in the future, be eligible to receive additional tax benefits under this law. See “Risk Factors, and specifically - “Any failure to obtain the tax benefits from the State of Israel that we anticipate receiving could adversely affect our plans and prospects” and “The government grants we have received for research and development expenditures restrict our ability to manufacture products and transfer technologies outside of Israel and require us to satisfy specified conditions”for a discussion of the risks our business and prospects for growth face in connection with tax benefits under Israeli law.

We currently have Approved and Benefited Enterprise programs under the Capital Investments Law, which to our belief, entitle us to certain tax benefits. The tax benefit period for these programs has not yet commenced. We have elected the Alternative Benefits Program which provides for the waiver of grants in return for tax exemption. Accordingly, our income is tax exempt for a period of two years commencing with the year we first earn taxable income relating to each expansion program, and is subject to corporate taxes at the reduced rate of 10% to 25%, for an additional period of five years to eight years, depending on the percentage of the company’s ordinary shares held by foreign shareholders in each taxable year. The exact rate reduction is based on the percentage of foreign ownership in each tax year. See note 10 to our consolidated financial statements.

Dividends paid out of the income derived by a Benefited Enterprise during the tax exemption period will be subject to corporate tax in respect of the gross amount of the dividend at the otherwise applicable rate of 25%, or lower in the case of a qualified FIC which is at least 49% owned by non-Israeli residents. The dividend recipient is subject to withholding tax at the reduced rate of 15%, applicable to dividends and distributions out of income derived from a Benefited Enterprise (or out of dividends received from a company whose income is derived from a Benefited Enterprise) during the benefits period and actually paid at any time up to 12 years thereafter (except with respect to an FIC, in which case the 12-year limit does not apply). The withholding tax rate will be 25% after such period. This tax should be withheld by the company at the source, regardless of whether the dividend is converted into foreign currency. See “Israeli Taxation Applicable to Non-Israeli Shareholders.”

The benefits available to an Approved and Benefited Enterprise are conditioned upon the fulfillment of certain conditions stipulated in the Capital Investments Law and its regulations and the criteria set forth in the specific certificate of approval, as described above. In the event that these conditions are violated, in whole or in part, we would be required to refund the amount of tax benefits, together with linkage differences to the Israeli consumer price index (CPI) and interest. We believe that our Approved and Benefited Enterprise programs operate in compliance with all such conditions and criteria.

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Tax benefits under the 2011 Amendment

On December 29, 2010, the Israeli parliament approved an amendment to the Capital Investments Law, effective as of January 1, 2011, which constitutes a reform of the incentives regime under such law.  This amendment revises the objectives of the Capital Investments Law to focus on achieving enhanced growth in the business sector, improving the Israeli industry’s competitiveness in international markets and creating employment and development opportunities in remote areas of Israel.  The amendment allows enterprises meeting certain required criteria to enjoy grants as well as tax benefits.  The amendment also introduces certain changes to the map of geographic development areas for purposes of the Capital Investments Law, which will take effect in future years.

The amendment generally abolishes the previous tax benefit routes that were afforded under the Capital Investment Law, specifically the tax-exemption periods previously allowed, and introduces new tax benefits for industrial enterprises meeting the criteria of the law, which include the following:

· A reduced corporate tax rate for industrial enterprises, provided that more than 25% of their annual income is derived from export, which will apply to the enterprise’s entire preferred income so that in the tax years 2011-2012 the reduced tax rate will be 10% for preferred income derived from industrial facilities located in development area A and 15% for those located elsewhere in Israel, in the tax years 2013-2014 the reduced tax rate will be 7% for development area A and 12.5% for the rest of Israel, and in the tax year 2015 and onwards the reduced tax rate will be 6% for development area A and 12% for the rest of Israel.

· The reduced tax rates will no longer be contingent upon making a minimum qualifying investment in productive assets.

· A definition of “preferred income” was introduced into the Capital Investments Law to include certain types of income that are generated by the Israeli production activity of a preferred enterprise.

· A reduced dividend withholding tax rate of 15% will apply to dividends paid from preferred income to both Israeli and non-Israeli investors, with an exemption from such withholding tax applying to dividends paid to an Israeli company.

· A special tax benefits route will be granted to certain industrial enterprises entitling them to a reduced tax rate of 5% for preferred income derived from industrial facilities located in development area A and 8% for those located elsewhere in Israel, provided certain threshold requirements are met and such enterprise can demonstrate its significant contribution to Israel’s economy and promotion of national market objectives.

A Preferred Company (as defined in the Capital Investments Law) may generally elect to apply the provisions of the amendment to preferred income produced or generated by it commencing from January 1, 2011. The amendment provides various transitional provisions which allow, under certain circumstances, to apply the new regime to investment programs previously approved or elected under the Capital Investments Law in its previous form, or to continue existing investment programs under the provisions of the Capital Investments Law in its previous form for a certain period of time.

We have evaluated the likely effect of these provisions of the 2011 Amendment and, at this time, do not intend to file a request to apply the new benefits under the 2011 Amendment.

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Tax Benefits of Research and Development

Israeli tax law allows, under specified conditions, a tax deduction for expenditures, including capital expenditures, in the year incurred relating to scientific research and development projects, if the expenditures are approved by the relevant Israeli Government ministry, determined by the field of research, and the research and development is for the promotion of the company and is carried out by or on behalf of the company seeking such deduction. However, the amount of such deductible expenses shall be reduced by the sum of any funds received through government grants for the finance of such scientific research and development projects. Expenditures not approved by the relevant Israeli government ministry, but otherwise qualifying for deduction, are deductible over a three-year period.  However, the amounts of any government grants made available to us are subtracted from the amount of the deductible expenses.

Israeli Transfer Pricing Regulations

On November 29, 2006, Income Tax Regulations (Determination of Market Terms), 2006, promulgated under Section 85A of the Ordinance, came into effect (which we refer to as the Transfer Pricing Regulations). Section 85A of the Tax Ordinance and the Transfer Pricing Regulations generally require that all cross-border transactions carried out between related parties be conducted on an arm’s length principle basis and will be taxed accordingly. We applied Section 85A to the Income Tax Regulations on all cross-border transactions carried out with our related parties.

Taxation of our non-Israeli shareholders

Taxation of Non-Israeli shareholders on receipt of dividends.  Non-residents of Israel (whether individuals or corporations) are subject to Israeli income tax on the receipt of dividends paid on our ordinary shares at the rate of 25% in 2012 (30% if the dividend recipient is a substantial shareholder), unless a reduced rate is provided under a tax treaty between Israel and the shareholder’s country of residence. A “substantial shareholder” is generally a person who alone or together with such person’s relative or another person who collaborates with such person on a permanent basis, holds, directly or indirectly, at least 10% of any of the “means of control” of the corporation. “Means of control” generally include the right to vote, receive profits, nominate a director or an officer, receive assets upon liquidation, or order someone who holds any of the aforesaid rights how to act, and all regardless of the source of such right. However, distribution of dividends from income attributed to an Approved Enterprise, Benefited Enterprise or Preferred Enterprise is subject to Israeli income tax at a rate of 15%, unless a reduced tax rate is provided under an applicable tax treaty.

For example, under the Treaty, the maximum rate of tax withheld in Israel on dividends paid to a holder of our ordinary shares who is a U.S. resident (for purposes of the Treaty) is 25%. However, generally, the maximum rate of withholding tax on dividends, not generated by our approved enterprise, that are paid to a U.S. corporation holding 10% or more of our outstanding voting rights throughout the tax year in which the dividend is distributed as well as the previous tax year, is 12.5%, provided that not more than 25% of our gross income for such preceding year consists of certain types of dividends and interest. Furthermore, dividends paid from income derived from an Approved Enterprise, Benefited Enterprise or Preferred Enterprise are subject, under certain conditions, to withholding at the rate of 15%. If the dividend is attributable partly to income derived from an Approved Enterprise, Benefited Enterprise or Preferred Enterprise and partly to other sources of income, the withholding rate will be a blended rate reflecting the relative portions of the two types of income. The withheld tax is the final tax in Israel on dividends paid to non-residents who do not conduct business in Israel. U.S. residents who are subject to the Israeli withholding tax on a dividend may be entitled to a credit or deduction for United States federal income tax purposes in the amount of the taxes withheld, subject to detailed rules contained in U.S. tax legislation.

77

A nonresident of Israel who receives dividend income derived from or accrued in Israel, from which tax was withheld at the source, is generally exempt from the duty to file tax returns in Israel with respect to such income, provided such income was not derived from a business conducted in Israel by the taxpayer and the taxpayer has no other taxable sources of income in Israel

Capital Gains Taxes Applicable to Non-Israeli Resident Shareholders. Non-residents of Israel are exempt from any capital gains tax derived from the sale of our ordinary shares for so long as (i) our ordinary shares are listed for trading on a stock exchange outside of Israel, (ii) the capital gains are not accrued or derived by the nonresident shareholder’s permanent establishment in Israel, (iii) the ordinary shares in relation to which the capital gains are accrued or derived were acquired by the nonresident shareholder after the initial listing of the ordinary shares on a stock exchange outside of Israel, and (iv) neither the shareholder nor the particular capital gain is otherwise subject to certain sections of the Ordinance. These provisions dealing with capital gains are not applicable to a person whose gains from selling or otherwise disposing of the shares are deemed to be business income. Notwithstanding this, non-Israeli companies may not benefit from this exemption if Israeli residents (i) have a controlling interest of 25% or more in the non-Israeli company or (ii) are the beneficiaries of, or are entitled to, 25% or more of the revenues or profits of the non-Israeli company, whether directly or indirectly.

In addition, a sale of securities may be exempt from Israeli capital gains tax under the provisions of an applicable tax treaty.  For example, under the Treaty, the sale, exchange or disposition of our ordinary shares by a person who (i) holds the ordinary shares as a capital asset; (ii) qualifies as a resident of the United States within the meaning of the Treaty; and (iii) is entitled to claim the benefits afforded to such resident by the Treaty (called a “Treaty U.S. Resident”) will generally be exempt from Israeli capital gains tax.  Such exemption will not apply if (i) such Treaty U.S. Resident is an individual and was present in Israel for more than 183 days during the relevant taxable year or (ii) such Treaty U.S. Resident held, directly or indirectly, shares representing 10% or more of the voting power of a company during any part of the 12-month period preceding such sale, exchange or disposition, subject to certain conditions, or (iii) the capital gains from such sale, exchange or disposition can be allocated to a permanent establishment in Israel. In such case, a sale, exchange or disposition of our ordinary shares would be subject to such Israeli tax, to the extent applicable; however, under the Treaty, such Treaty U.S. Resident would be permitted to claim a credit for such taxes against the U.S. federal income tax imposed with respect to such sale, exchange or disposition, subject to the limitations in U.S. laws applicable to foreign tax credits.

F.            Dividends and Paying Agents

Not applicable.

G.           Statement by Experts

Not applicable.

H.           Documents on Display

We are currently subject to the information and periodic reporting requirements of the Exchange, and file periodic reports and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, through its electronic data gathering, analysis and retrieval (EDGAR) system.  Our securities filings, including this Annual Report and the exhibits thereto, are available for inspection and copying at the public reference facilities of the SEC located at Room 1024, 450 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20549, and the SEC’s regional offices located in New York, New York and Chicago, Illinois.  Copies of all or any part of our Annual Report or other filings may be obtained from these offices after payment of fees required by the SEC.  Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information.  The SEC also maintains a website at http://www.sec.gov from which certain EDGAR filings may be accessed.

78

As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from certain rules under the Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements to our shareholders.  In addition, our directors, executive officers and 10% shareholders are also exempt from the short-swing profit recovery and disclosure regime under Section 16 of the Exchange Act.

I.              Subsidiary Information

Not applicable.

Item 11: QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Our results of operations are reported in U.S. dollars; however, a significant portion of our revenues and expenses in 2012 were generated and incurred outside of the United States and in currencies other than the U.S dollar, particularly in NIS, English Pounds and Euros. As a result, we are subject to foreign currency risk. Our sales in Europe and in the UK and our expenses in Israel, Europe and the UK are recorded in local currencies which exposes us to the direct risk of local currency devaluations or fluctuations against the U.S dollar. Fluctuations in exchange rates between the currencies in which our costs are incurred or revenues are recorded and the U.S. dollar may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. We therefore use currency exchange forward contracts to hedge the impact of the variability in the exchange rates on future cash flows from certain NIS-denominated expenses. Our hedging program reduces, but does not eliminate, the impact of foreign currency rate movements.  As of December 31, 2012, we had forward contracts to sell $1,754,200 for a total amount of NIS 6,548,429 that matures prior to December 1, 2012.

The table below details the hedging acquired in derivative instruments in order to limit the exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. The data is as of December 31, 2012 and is presented in U.S. dollars (in thousands).

	Cross Currency	Notional Amount		Fair Value
Foreign contracts to hedge payroll expenses	New Israeli Shekel		1,761		88

In addition, our subsidiaries enter into transactions denominated in a currency other than their respective functional currency, which in our case, is their local currency. A change in exchange rates between the functional currency and the currency in which a transaction is denominated increases or decreases the expected amount of functional currency cash flows upon settlement of the transaction. Transaction gains or losses result from a change in exchange rates between the functional currency and the currency in which a foreign currency transaction is denominated.

79

The table below details the net balance sheet exposures in currencies other than the functional currency, by geography, as of December 31, 2012. All data in the table have been converted to U.S. dollar equivalents (in thousands):

	Euro			New Israeli Shekel		Australian Dollar		YEN			Total
Israel		(18	)		190		63		(26	)		209
UK		(685	)		-		-		-			(685	)

We invest our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities in a variety of investment vehicles in a number of countries with and in the custody of financial institutions with high credit ratings. In 2010, we invested $9.9 million of our cash in the common stock of various highly capitalized publicly traded corporations.  See “Item 10E Taxation” for more information regarding these investments. See also “Risk Factor: Negative conditions in the global credit and stock markets may impair the liquidity and value of our investment portfolio.” While our investment policy and strategy attempt to manage interest rate risk, limit credit risk, limit stock markets risk and only invest in what we view as high-quality securities, the outlook for our investment holdings is dependent on general economic conditions, interest rate trends and volatility in the financial and stock marketplace, which can all affect the income that we receive, the value of our investments, and our ability to sell them.  We believe that our marketable securities are carried at fair value. The fair value of our marketable securities as of December 31, 2012 was $5.8 million and the fair value of our marketable securities as of March 31, 2013 was $6.4 million. However, over time, the economic and market environment may provide additional insight regarding the fair value of certain securities which could cause us to change our judgment regarding impairment. This could result in unrealized or realized losses relating to other than temporary declines being charged against future income. Given the current market conditions, there is continuing risk that further declines in fair value may occur and additional impairments may be charged to income in future periods, resulting in realized losses. See “Risk Factor: Negative conditions in the global credit markets may impair the liquidity and value of our investment portfolio”.

Item 12: DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES

Not applicable.

PART II

Item 13: DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES

None.

Item 14: MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS

During 2010, our shareholders authorized our management to effect a reverse stock split with respect to our share capital at a ratio of one (1) for four (4). The financial and shareholders information provided under this annual report reflects such reverse split.  The reverse stock split did not change the rights of holders of any of our registered securities.

80

The effective date of the registration statement (No. 333-10882) for our initial public offering of our ordinary shares, par value NIS 0.04 per share, was October 14, 1999. The offering commenced on October 20, 1999, and terminated after the sale of all the securities registered. The managing underwriter of the offering was Lehman Brothers. We registered 1,293,750 ordinary shares in the offering, including shares issued pursuant to the exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option. We sold 1,293,750 ordinary shares at an aggregate offering price of $56,925,000 ($44.00 per share).  Under the terms of the offering, we incurred underwriting discounts of $3,984,750. We also incurred expenses of $2,769,250 in connection with the offering.  None of these amounts was paid directly or indirectly to any director, officer, general partner of ours or to their associates, persons owing ten percent or more of any class of our equity securities, or to any of our affiliates.

The net proceeds that we received as a result of the offering were $50,568,390.  Through December 31, 2012 the net proceeds have been used to invest in a variety of financial instruments and for general corporate purposes.  A portion of the proceeds, $6.9 million, was used in August 2001 to purchase certain assets of Propelis Software, Inc., a business unit of Computer Network Technology Corporation.  During 2008 we used a portion of the proceeds from our initial public offering to repurchase 1,111,796 of our ordinary shares pursuant to a share repurchase program as well as for a self tender offer conducted by us in which we expended a total of $17.9 million, including related expenses.  None of the net proceeds of the offering was paid directly or indirectly to any director, officer, general partner of ours or to their associates, persons owning ten percent or more of any class of our equity securities, or to any of our affiliates.

Item 15: CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

(a) Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Our co-chief executive officer and chief financial officer, after evaluating the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act) as of December 31, 2012, have concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

(b) Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Our internal control system was designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation and fair presentation of our consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Our co-chief executive officer and chief financial officer assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and Rule 15d-(f) promulgated under the Exchange Act) as of December 31, 2011. In making this assessment, they used the criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on this assessment, our co-chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that, as of December 31, 2012, our internal control over financial reporting is effective. Notwithstanding the foregoing, all internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective may not prevent or detect misstatements and can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

(c) Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm – Not applicable.

(d) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Based on the evaluation conducted by our management, with the participation of our co-chief executive officer and chief financial officer, pursuant to Rules 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) promulgated under the Exchange Act, our management (including such officers) has concluded that there has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during 2012, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

81

Item 16A: AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT

At our annual shareholders meeting in October 2010, the shareholders elected Ms. Gittit Guberman to our board of directors as an external director to serve for a three years term. Our board of directors has determined that Ms. Guberman qualifies as an audit committee financial expert, and appointed Ms. Guberman to serve on the audit committee. Ms. Guberman also meets the definition of an “independent” director under the NASDAQ Listing Rules.

Item 16B: CODE OF ETHICS

In March 2003, our board of directors adopted a Code of Ethics, or the Code, applicable to, among other people, our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer or controller (or persons performing similar functions).  The Code was filed as Exhibit 11 to our Annual Report for the year ended December 31, 2003 and is incorporated by reference herein.  The code is available and can be reviewed via the About Jacada, Corporate Profile link on our website, www.jacada.com.

Item 16C: PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

Audit Fees

The aggregate fees billed for professional services rendered to us by our principal accountants for the audit of our financial statements in 2011 and 2012 appear in the table below:

2011	$	138,000
2012	$	114,000

Audit Related Fees

The aggregate fees for assurance and related services rendered to us by our principal accountants that were reasonably related to the audit of our financial statements in 2011 and 2012 (aside from the fees included under “Audit Fees” above) appear in the table below:

2011	$	-
2012	$	-

82

Tax Fees

The aggregate fees billed for professional services rendered to us by our principal accountants for tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning in 2011 and 2012 appear in the table below. Such fees related to the preparation of tax returns.

2011	$	10,000
2012	$	50,000

Other Fees

The fees billed for additional professional services rendered to us by our principal accountants in 2011 and 2012, other than for services described in the above categories, appear in the table below:

2011	$	-
2012	$	-

Policy on Audit Committee Pre-Approval of Audit and Non-Audit Services of Independent Accountants

Our audit committee is responsible for the appointment and oversight of our independent auditors’ work.  Pursuant to its charter, the audit committee also has the sole authority to review in advance, and grant any appropriate pre-approvals of: (a) all auditing services to be provided by our independent auditors; (b) all non-audit services to be provided by our independent auditors as permitted by Section 10A of the Exchange Act; and (c) all fees and other terms of engagement.  The audit committee’s policy is to specifically pre-approve all annual services provided by our independent auditors in connection with the preparation of their audit, which may include audit services and audit-related services, as well as tax services and other services that are not related to the annual audit.  The audit committee sets forth the basis for its pre-approval in detail, listing the particular services or categories of services which are pre-approved, and setting a specific budget for such services. Additional services may be commissioned, without specific pre-approval, on the basis of a general pre-approval provided by the audit committee, up to a specified amount (a “de minimis exception”).  Once such services have been pre-approved and performed, the independent auditors and our management report to the audit committee on a periodic basis regarding the extent of services actually provided in accordance with the applicable pre-approval, and regarding the fees for the services performed. During 2012, none of the tax fees described above were approved through the de minimis exception.

Item 16D: EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES

Not applicable.

Item 16E: PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS

None.

83

Item 16F: CHANGES IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT

Not applicable.

Item 16G: CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Not applicable.

Item 16H: MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE

Not applicable.

PART III

Item 17: FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

We have elected to provide financial statements and related information pursuant to Item 18.

Item 18: FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

See pages F-1 through F-35 appended hereto.

84

JACADA LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2012

U.S. DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS

INDEX

	Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	F-2
Consolidated Balance Sheets	F-3 - F-4
Consolidated Statements of Operations	F-5
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	F-6
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity	F-7
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	F-8 - F-9
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	F-10 - F-34

  Kost Forer Gabbay & Kasierer 3 Aminadav St. Tel-Aviv  6706703, Israel Tel: 972 (3)6232525 Fax: 972 (3)5622555 www.ey.com

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of

JACADA LTD.

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Jacada Ltd. and its subsidiaries together ("the Company") as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), changes in shareholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. We were not engaged to perform an audit of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2012, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

Tel-Aviv, Israel	KOST FORER GABBAY & KASIERER
April 30, 2013	A Member of Ernst & Young Global

F - 2

JACADA LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

U.S. dollars in thousands

	December 31,
	2012		2011
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	3,687	$	2,944
Marketable securities		-		4,592
Trade receivables		1,710		2,299
Restricted cash		503		487
Prepaid expenses		191		213
Other current assets		523		550
Total current assets		6,614		11,085
LONG-TERM ASSETS:
Marketable securities		5,839		6,084
Severance pay fund		149		196
Other assets		51		65
Property and equipment, net		560		633
Total long-term assets		6,599		6,978
Total assets	$	13,213	$	18,063

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

F - 3

JACADA LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

U.S. dollars in thousands, except share data

	December 31,
	2012			2011
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Trade payables	$	1,008		$	1,607
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		1,603			1,470
Deferred revenues		2,332			738
Total current liabilities		4,943			3,815
LONG-TERM LIABILITIES:
Accrued severance pay		359			400
Other long-term liabilities		168			-
Total long-term liabilities		527			400
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES (Note 6)
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY:
Share capital -
Ordinary shares of NIS 0.04 par value -
Authorized: 7,500,000 shares at December 31, 2012 and 2011; Issued: 5,270,930 shares at December 31, 2012 and 2011; Outstanding: 4,159,134 shares at December 31, 2012 and 2011		60			60
Additional paid-in capital		75,860			75,862
Treasury shares at cost - 1,111,796 Ordinary shares at December 31, 2012 and 2011		(17,863	)		(17,863	)
Accumulated other comprehensive income		1,282			941
Accumulated deficit		(51,596	)		(45,152	)
Total shareholders' equity		7,743			13,848
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	13,213		$	18,063

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

F - 4

JACADA LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

U.S. dollars in thousands, except per share data

	Year ended December 31,
	2012			2011			2010
Revenues:
Software licenses	$	1,111		$	1,123		$	1,635
Services		6,867			8,448			13,043
Maintenance		2,789			2,815			2,477
Total revenues		10,767			12,386			17,155
Cost of revenues:
Software licenses		62			93			349
Services		6,018			7,525			10,115
Maintenance		629			758			778
Total cost of revenues		6,709			8,376			11,242
Gross profit		4,058			4,010			5,913
Operating expenses:
Research and development		3,541			2,910			3,478
Sales and marketing		4,787			3,556			4,993
General and administrative		2,975			4,268			4,789
Goodwill impairment		-			-			3,096
Restructuring costs		-			-			196
Total operating expenses		11,303			10,734			16,552
Operating loss		(7,245	)		(6,724	)		(10,639	)
Financial income (expenses), net		856			(12	)		79
Loss before taxes		(6,389	)		(6,736	)		(10,560	)
Income tax expense		55			62			49
Net loss	$	(6,444	)	$	(6,798	)	$	(10,609	)
Basic and diluted net loss per share	$	(1.55	)	$	(1.63	)	$	(2.55	)
Weighted average number of shares used in computing basic and diluted net loss per share		4,159,134			4,159,134			4,158,227

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

F - 5

JACADA LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

U.S. dollars in thousands

	Year ended December 31,
	2012			2011			2010
Net Loss	$	(6,444	)	$	(6,798	)	$	(10,609	)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		111			25			(146	)
Unrealized gain (loss) from hedge derivatives		166			(151	)		34
Unrealized gain on marketable securities		753			272			251
Other than temporary impairment on marketable securities		-			336			95
Gain on sale of marketable securities		(689	)		(28	)		(25	)
Total comprehensive loss	$	(6,103	)	$	(6,344	)	$	(10,400	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

F - 6

JACADA LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

U.S. dollars in thousands, except share data

											Accumulated
					Additional			Treasury			other					Total
	Ordinary shares				paid-in			shares			comprehensive		Accumulated			shareholders'
	Shares		Amount		capital			at cost			income		deficit			equity
Balance as of January 1, 2010		4,144,752	$	60	$	75,422		$	(17,863	)	$	278	$	(27,745	)	$	30,152
Exercise of stock options		14,382		*)   -		75			-			-		-			75
Stock-based compensation related to options granted to employees and directors		-		-		330			-			-		-			330
Stock-based compensation related to options granted to non-employees		-		-		2			-			-		-			2
Net loss		-		-		-			-			-		(10,609	)		(10,609	)
Other comprehensive income												209					209
Balance as of December 31, 2010		4,159,134		60		75,829			(17,863	)		487		(38,354	)		20,159
Stock-based compensation related to options granted  to employees and directors		-		-		33			-			-		-			33
Net loss		-		-		-			-			-		(6,798	)		(6,798	)
Other comprehensive income												454					454
Balance as of December 31, 2011		4,159,134		60		75,862			(17,863	)		941		(45,152	)		13,848
Stock-based compensation related to options granted to employees and directors		-		-		(2	)		-			-		-			(2	)
Net loss		-		-		-			-			-		(6,444	)		(6,444	)
Other comprehensive income												341					341
Balance as of December 31, 2012		4,159,134	$	60	$	75,860		$	(17,863	)	$	1,282	$	(51,596	)	$	7,743

*)         Represents an amount lower than $ 1.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

F - 7

JACADA LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

U.S. dollars in thousands

	Year ended December 31,
	2012			2011			2010
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(6,444	)	$	(6,798	)	$	(10,609	)
Adjustments required to reconcile net loss from continuing operations to net cash used in operating activities from continuing operations:
Depreciation		351			394			497
Goodwill impairment		-			-			3,096
Stock-based compensation related to options granted to employees, non-employees and directors		(2	)		33			332
Accrued interestand amortization of premium on marketable securities		1			4			149
Loss (gain) on marketable securities		(689	)		308			70
Accrued severance pay, net		6			24			(39	)
Decrease in trade receivables		698			1,799			868
Decrease in other current assets and prepaid expenses		142			209			840
Increase (decrease) in trade payables		(600	)		82			(109	)
Increase (decrease) in accrued expenses and other liabilities		173			(167	)		(439	)
Increase (decrease) in deferred revenues		1,591			(290	)		388
Decrease in other long-term liabilities		-			(44	)		(79	)
Other		9			14			54
Net cash used in operating activities		(4,764	)		(4,432	)		(4,981	)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Investment in marketable securities		-			-			(10,992	)
Proceeds from the sale of marketable securities		5,590			1,629			9,711
Purchase of property and equipment		(81	)		(177	)		(424	)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment		1			5			10
Decrease (increase) in restricted cash		(16	)		6			64
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		5,494			1,463			(1,631	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

F - 8

JACADA LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

U.S. dollars in thousands

	Year ended December 31,
	2012		2011			2010
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		-		-			75
Net cash provided by financing activities		-		-			75
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash		13		(32	)		(142	)
Increase (decrease)  in cash and cash equivalents		743		(3,001	)		(6,679	)
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year		2,944		5,945			12,624
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year	$	3,687	$	2,944		$	5,945
Supplemental disclosure of cash flows activities:
Cash paid during the year for:
Taxes on income	$	65	$	78		$	213

Non-cash investing information:
Investment in leasehold improvements upon accrued expenses and other liabilities	$	40	$	-	$	-
Investment in leasehold improvements upon other long-term liabilities	$	168	$	-	$	-

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

F - 9

JACADA LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 1:- GENERAL

a. Jacada Ltd. ("Jacada") and its subsidiaries (collectively - "the Company") develop, market and support unified service desktop and process optimization solutions that simplify and automate customer service processes. The Company generates revenues from licensing its software products and from services such as implementation and customization, consulting, training and maintenance and support.

Jacada Ltd.'s wholly-owned subsidiaries include Jacada, Inc., a corporation organized under the laws of the state of Delaware, Jacada (Europe) Limited, a company organized under the laws of England. Jacada (Europe) Limited owns 100% of the stock of Jacada Deutschland GmbH, a limited liability company organized under the laws of Germany. The majority of the Company's sales are made in North America and Europe.

On October 2, 2012, the Company signed an agreement for the sale of Jacada Nordic AB, a company organized under the laws of Sweden, for a nominal amount.

b. As for major customers, see Note 11b.

NOTE 2:- SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP").

a. Use of estimates:

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. The Company's management believes that the estimates, judgments and assumptions used are reasonable based upon information available at the time they are made. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The most significant assumptions are employed in estimates used in determining values associated with revenue recognition, tax positions, and stock-based compensation costs. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

b. Financial statements in U.S. dollars:

The currency of the primary economic environment in which the operations of Jacada and certain subsidiaries are conducted is the U.S. dollar ("dollar"); thus, the dollar is the functional currency of Jacada and certain subsidiaries.

Jacada and certain subsidiaries' transactions and balances denominated in dollars are presented at their original amounts. Non-dollar transactions and balances have been remeasured to dollars in accordance with ASC 830, "Foreign Currency Matters". All transaction gains and losses from remeasurement of monetary balance sheet items denominated in non-dollar currencies are reflected in the statements of operations as financial income or expenses, as appropriate.

F - 10

JACADA LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 2:- SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

For those subsidiaries whose functional currency has been determined to be their local currency, assets and liabilities are translated at year-end exchange rates and statement of income items are translated at average exchange rates prevailing during the year. Such translation adjustments are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income in shareholders' equity.

c. Principles of consolidation:

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Jacada and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation.

d. Cash equivalents:

Cash equivalents are short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to cash with original maturities of three months or less at acquisition.

e. Investments in marketable securities:

The Company accounts for investments in marketable securities in accordance with Accounting Standard Codification 320, "Investments - Debt and Equity Securities" ("ASC 320").

Management determines the appropriate classification of its investments at the time of purchase and reevaluates such determinations at each balance sheet date.

The Company classifies all of its securities as available-for-sale. Available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value, with the unrealized gains and losses, reported in accumulated other comprehensive income in shareholders' equity. The amortized cost of debt marketable securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity. Such amortization and accretion are included in financial income, net.

Interest on securities is included in financial income, net. Gains and losses are recognized when realized, on a specific identification basis, in the Company's consolidated statements of operations.

The Company's securities are reviewed for impairment in accordance with the impairment model in ASC 320-10-65-1, "Recognition and Presentation of Other-Than-Temporary Impairments".

F - 11

JACADA LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 2:- SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

Under the impairment model, for debt securities, other-than-temporary impairment loss is recognized in earnings if the entity has the intent to sell the debt security, or if it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the debt security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. However, if an entity does not expect to sell a debt security, it still needs to evaluate expected cash flows to be received and determine if a credit loss exists. In the event of a credit loss, only the amount of impairment associated with the credit loss is recognized currently in earnings. Amounts relating to factors other than credit losses are recorded in other comprehensive income.

For equity securities, an entity is required to recognize in earnings all declines in fair value below the cost basis that are considered other than temporary. However, if the entity evaluates that the impairment is not other-than-temporary but does not have the intent and ability to hold the equity security until the anticipated recovery of its cost basis, an impairment loss is recognized in earnings.

The Company reviews various factors in determining whether it should recognize an impairment charge for its marketable securities, including its intent and ability to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient for any anticipated recovery in market value, the length of time and extent to which the fair value has been less than its cost basis, the credit ratings of the securities and the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer.

Based on the Company's consideration of these factors, the Company recorded an other-than-temporary impairment charge of $0, $ 336 and $ 95 to financial expenses in 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively, on several of its equity marketable securities due to a continued decrease in their market value. The gain on sale of marketable securities previously impaired for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 amounted to $ 163, $ 9 and $ 0, respectively.

f. Restricted cash:

Restricted cash is invested in bank deposits, which are pledged in favor of the banks which provide to the Company guarantees with respect to office lease agreements. credit card and hedging transactions.

F - 12

JACADA LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 2:- SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

g. Property and equipment:

Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated by the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets at the following annual rates:

	%
Computers and peripheral equipment	10 - 33
Office furniture and equipment	6 - 15
Motor Vehicles	17
Leasehold improvements	Over the shorter of the related lease period (including option terms) or the life of the asset

h. Impairment of long-lived assets:

The Company's long-lived assets, other than goodwill, are reviewed for impairment in accordance with ASC 360, "Property Plant and Equipment", whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to the future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. In 2012, 2011 and 2010, no impairment losses were identified.

i. Goodwill:

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of businesses acquired over the fair value of the net assets acquired in the acquisition. Under ASC 350, "Intangibles – Goodwill and Other", goodwill is not amortized but instead is tested for impairment at least annually (or more frequently if impairment indicators arise).

ASC 350 prescribes a two-phase process for impairment testing of goodwill. The first phase screens for impairment, while the second phase (if necessary) measures impairment.

In the first phase of impairment testing, goodwill attributable to the reporting units is tested for impairment by comparing the fair value of each reporting unit with its carrying value. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second phase is then performed. The second phase of the goodwill impairment test compares the implied fair value of the reporting unit's goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit's goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of that goodwill, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess.

F - 13

JACADA LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 2:- SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

Goodwill attributable to the Company's single reporting unit as defined under ASC 350 was tested for impairment by comparing its fair value with its carrying value. Fair value was determined using the Company's market capitalization and the discounted cash flows method. In year 2010, the first phase of the goodwill impairment test indicated that the Company's fair value was less than its carrying value. As a result, the Company performed the second phase of the goodwill impairment test, which indicated that the implied fair value of the Company's goodwill was less than the carrying amount of that goodwill.

As a result, the Company fully impaired the goodwill carrying amount and recognized an impairment charge of $ 3,096 in 2010.

j. Research and development costs:

Research and development costs are charged to the statement of operations as incurred. ASC 985-20 "Costs of Software to Be Sold, Leased, or Marketed", requires capitalization of certain software development costs subsequent to the establishment of technological feasibility.

Based on the Company's product development process, technological feasibility is established upon completion of a working model. No material costs are incurred by the Company between the completion of the working model and the point at which the products are ready for general release. Therefore, research and development costs have been expensed as incurred.

k. Income taxes:

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, "Income Taxes". This Statement prescribes the use of the liability method, whereby deferred tax asset and liability account balances are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. The Company provides a valuation allowance, if necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to their estimated realizable value.

The Company implements a two-step approach to recognize and measure uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that, on an evaluation of the technical merits, the tax position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% (cumulative basis) likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement.

As of December 31, 2012 and 2011 there is no provision for uncertain tax benefits.

F - 14

JACADA LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 2:- SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

l. Revenue recognition:

The Company derives its revenue principally from:

· the initial sales of licenses to use the Company's products, including professional services such as customization, implementation and integration services,

· incremental license fees resulting from a customer's increase in agent licenses required,

· post-implementation consulting and integration services for the Company's solutions, and

· the recurring revenue from ongoing support and maintenance, also called post-contract support or PCS, which includes telephone support, bug repairs, and rights to receive upgrades and enhancements to licensed software on a when-and-if-available basis.

Sales of software licenses are recognized when persuasive evidence of an agreement exists, delivery of the product has occurred, the fee is fixed or determinable, and collectability is probable. The Company considers all arrangements with payment terms extending beyond six months from the delivery of the elements, not to be fixed or determinable. If the fee is not fixed or determinable, revenue is recognized as payments become due from the customer, provided that all other revenue recognition criteria have been met.

The Company does not grant a right of return to its customers. In transactions where a customer's contractual terms include a provision for customer acceptance based on customer-specified subjective criteria, or for evaluation purposes, the Company recognizes revenues only when such acceptance has been obtained or as the acceptance provision lapses. However, in transactions where a customer's contractual terms include a provision for customer acceptance based on customer-specified objective criteria, the Company recognizes revenue if it can demonstrate that the delivered product meets the specified criteria prior to customer acceptance.

The Company usually sells its software licenses as part of an overall solution offered to a customer that combines the sale of software licenses with customization, implementation and integration services. In arrangements which include significant customization of software and services, the Company accounts for the services together with the software under contract accounting in accordance with ASC 605-35, "Construction-Type and Production-Type Contracts".

Revenues recognized in accordance with ASC 605-35 are accounted for using the percentage of completion method. The percentage of completion method is used when the required services are quantifiable, based on the estimated number of labor hours necessary to complete the project, and under that method revenues are recognized using labor hours incurred as the measure of progress towards completion. 

F - 15

JACADA LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 2:- SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

Revenue from software that does not require services, including licenses sold subsequent to the initial installation, is recognized upon delivery, assuming all other revenue recognition criteria has been met.

Revenue from post-implementation consulting and integration services is recognized as work is performed.

Maintenance revenue is recognized ratably over the term of the maintenance agreement. Deferred revenues include unearned amounts received under maintenance and support agreements and amounts received from customers, for which revenues have not yet been recognized.

Revenues from software arrangements involving multiple elements, such as software, post-contract customer support and maintenance, consulting and training, are allocated to the different elements in the arrangement under the "residual method" when Vendor Specific Objective Evidence ("VSOE") of fair value exists for all undelivered elements and no VSOE exists for the delivered elements. The residual method of allocation requires an entity to first allocate revenue to the fair value of the undelivered elements (maintenance and other services) and the residual revenue to the delivered element (software licenses). Any discount in the arrangement is allocated to the delivered element.

VSOE of fair value for maintenance and other services is generally determined based on the price charged for the undelivered element when sold separately or where actual maintenance renewals have not yet occurred, VSOE of fair value is based on the stated maintenance renewal rate specified in the contract. The Company's process for establishing VSOE of fair value of maintenance services (PCS) is through performance of VSOE compliance test which is an analysis of the entire population of PCS renewal activity for its installed base of customers. The Company's process for the establishment of VSOE of fair value for professional services is through a performance of an analysis of the entire population of separate sales of services.

The Company accounts for reimbursements received for out-of-pocket expenses incurred, in accordance with ASC 605-45-45, "Reimbursements Received for Out-of-Pocket Expenses Incurred", under which reimbursements received for out-of-pocket expenses incurred should be characterized as revenue in the income statement. The reimbursements received for out-of-pocket expenses for years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 amounted to $ 287, $ 531 and $ 657, respectively.

F - 16

JACADA LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 2:- SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

m. Accounting for stock-based compensation:

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation under ASC 718 "Compensation - Stock Compensation, which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense based on estimated fair values for all stock-based payment awards made to employees and directors. ASC 718 requires companies to estimate the fair value of equity-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as an expense over the requisite service periods in the Company's consolidated statements of operations.

The Company recognizes compensation expenses for the value of its awards based on the accelerated attribution method over the requisite service period of each of the awards, net of estimated forfeitures. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Estimated forfeitures are based on actual historical pre-vesting forfeitures.

The Company has historically not paid dividends and has no foreseeable plans to pay dividends. The Company used its historical stock prices for calculating volatility. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based on the rate of zero-coupon U.S. government securities appropriate for the expected term of the Company's employee stock options. The Company determined the expected life of the options according to the average of the vesting period and the expiration period.

The Company estimates the fair value of stock options awards using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair value for options granted in 2012, 2011 and 2010 was estimated at the date of grant using the following weighted average assumptions:

	2012	2011	2010
Dividend yield	0%	0%	0%
Expected volatility	50%	48%	47%
Risk-free interest	1.16%	1.56%	1.67%
Expected term (years)	5.6	4.5	4.5

n. Advertising expenses:

Advertising expenses are charged to the statements of operations, as incurred. Advertising expenses for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 were $ 161, $ 82 and $ 224, respectively.

F - 17

JACADA LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 2:- SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

o. Severance pay:

The Company's liability for severance pay for its Israeli employees is calculated pursuant to Israel's Severance Pay Law based on the most recent salary of the employees multiplied by the number of years of employment, as of the balance sheet date. Israeli employees are entitled to severance equal to one month's salary for each year of employment or a portion thereof. The Company's liability for its Israeli employees, not under section 14 discussed below, is fully provided by monthly deposits with insurance policies and by an accrual. The value of these policies is recorded as an asset in the Company's balance sheet.

The deposited funds include profits (losses) accumulated up to the balance sheet date. The deposited funds may be withdrawn only upon the fulfillment of the obligation pursuant to Israel's Severance Pay Law or labor agreements. The value of the deposited funds is based on the cash surrendered value of these policies.

Commencing from 2005, new employees of the Company are subject to Section 14 of the Severance Pay Law, under which the payments to the pension funds and insurance companies discharge the Company's obligation to the employees. Accumulated amounts in the pension funds and with the insurance companies are not under the control or administration of the Company, and accordingly, neither those amounts nor the corresponding accrual for severance pay are reflected in the balance sheet. The obligations of the Company, under law and labor agreements, related to termination benefits to employees not covered through section 14 mentioned above, are included in the accrued severance payable.

The severance pay expense for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 amounted to $ 398, $ 264 and $ 576, respectively.

p. Fair value of financial instruments:

The Company applies the provisions of ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures". Under ASC 820, fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., the "exit price") in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

In determining fair value, the Company uses various valuation approaches. ASC 820 establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company's assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances.

F - 18

JACADA LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 2:- SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

The hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the observability of inputs as follows:

 · Level 1 - Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets that the Company has the ability to access. Valuation adjustments and block discounts are not applied to Level 1 instruments. Since valuations are based on quoted prices that are readily and regularly available in an active market, valuation of these products does not entail a significant degree of judgment.

 · Level 2 - Valuations based on one or more quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly.

 · Level 3 - Valuations based on unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity and significant to the overall fair value measurement.

The availability of observable inputs can vary from investment to investment and is affected by a wide variety of factors, including, for example, the type of investment, the liquidity of markets and other characteristics particular to the transaction. To the extent that valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment and the investments are categorized as Level 3.

The carrying amounts of financial instruments carried at cost, including cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, trade receivables, other current assets, trade payables and other liabilities approximate their fair value due to the short-term maturities of such instruments.

q. Derivative instruments:

The Company carries out transactions involving foreign currency exchange derivative financial instruments. The transactions are designed to hedge the Company's exposure in currencies other than the dollar. The Company recognizes derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities and measures those instruments at fair value. If a derivative meets the definition of a hedge and is so designated, changes in the fair value of the derivative are recognized in other comprehensive income until the hedged item is recognized in earnings. The ineffective portion of a derivative designated as a hedge is recognized in earnings. If a derivative does not meet the definition of a hedge, the changes in the fair value are included in earnings.

F - 19

JACADA LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 2:- SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

r. Net earnings (loss) per share:

Basic net loss per share is computed based on the weighted average number of Ordinary shares outstanding during each year. Diluted net loss per share is computed based on the weighted average number of Ordinary shares outstanding during each year, plus potentially dilutive Ordinary shares considered outstanding during the year, in accordance with ASC 260, "Earnings Per Share".

All outstanding stock options have been excluded from the calculation of the diluted net earnings (loss) per share from continuing operations because the securities are anti-dilutive for all periods presented. The total weighted average number of shares related to the outstanding stock options excluded from the calculations of diluted net earnings (loss) per share due to their anti-dilutive effect were 513,691, 484,935 and 648,097 for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

s. Concentrations of credit risk:

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, trade receivables and restricted cash.

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash are invested mainly in U.S. dollars with major banks in the United States, Israel and other international banks. Such cash and cash equivalents in the United States may be in excess of insured limits and are not insured in other jurisdictions. Generally, these investments may be redeemed upon demand and therefore bear minimal risk.

The Company's marketable securities include investments in equity and corporate debentures. The Company's investment policy limits the amount the Company may invest in any one type of issuer, thereby reducing credit risk concentrations.

The Company's trade receivables are mainly derived from sales to customers in North America and Europe. In judging the probability of collection from customers the Company continuously monitors collection and payments based upon the Company's historical experience of its existing customers. In connection with customers with whom the Company does not have previous experience, it evaluates the creditworthiness of those customers. An allowance for doubtful accounts is determined with respect to those amounts that the Company has determined to be doubtful of collection.

t. Treasury shares:

The Company presents the cost to repurchase treasury shares as a reduction of shareholders' equity.

F - 20

JACADA LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 2:- SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont.)

u. Restructuring:

Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations related to one-time termination benefits provided to terminated employees which no longer provide services to the Company are recorded to the statement of operations as incurred in accordance with Accounting Standard Codification 420, "Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations" ("ASC 420").

On August 10, 2010, the Company implemented a global Restructuring Plan (the "2010 Plan") which included a reduction in the Company's work force in order to align the Company's operations and expenses with anticipated near term revenues. These changes resulted in a 15% reduction in workforce worldwide. The Company recorded $ 181 related to one-time termination benefits provided to terminated employees. As of December 31, 2010, all terminated employees no longer provided services to the Company. In addition, the Company incurred a loss on the disposal of property and equipment in the amount of $ 15.

v. Comprehensive income:

The Company accounts for comprehensive income in accordance with ASC 220 "Comprehensive Income". This Statement establishes standards for the reporting and display of comprehensive income and its components in a full set of general purpose financial statements. Comprehensive income generally represents all changes in shareholders' equity during the period except those resulting from investments by, or distributions to, shareholders. The Company determined that its items of comprehensive income relate to gains and losses on hedging derivative instruments and unrealized gains on marketable securities.

NOTE 3:- MARKETABLE SECURITIES

The Company invests in debt and equity marketable securities, which are classified as available-for-sale. The following is a summary of the Company's investment in marketable securities:

	December 31, 2012									December 31, 2011
	Amortized		Gross unrealized		Gross unrealized			Fair		Amortized		Gross unrealized		Gross unrealized			Fair
	cost		Gains		Losses			value		cost		gains		losses			value
Available-for-sale:
Equity securities	$	4,804	$	1,076	$	(41	)	$	5,839	$	9,146	$	1,087	$	(117	)	$	10,116
Corporate debentures		-		-		-			-		559		1		-			560
	$	4,804	$	1,076	$	(41	)	$	5,839	$	9,705	$	1,088	$	(117	)	$	10,676

As of December 31, 2012 the Company no longer held investments in marketable securities and corporate debentures with contractual maturity dates.

F - 21

JACADA LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 4:- PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET

	December 31,
	2012		2011
Cost:
Computers and peripheral equipment	$	3,331	$	3,845
Office furniture and equipment		518		601
Motor Vehicles		13		13
Leasehold improvements		397		456
		4,259		4,915
Accumulated depreciation		3,699		4,282
Depreciated cost	$	560	$	633

Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 was $ 351, $ 394 and $ 497, respectively.

NOTE 5:- ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER LIABILITIES

	December 31,
	2012		2011
Employees and payroll accruals	$	1,160	$	948
Accrued expenses		443		522
	$	1,603	$	1,470

NOTE 6:- COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

Lease commitments:

The Company's facilities are leased under various operating lease agreements, which expire on various dates, the latest of which is in 2018. Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases as of December 31, 2012 are as follows:

2013	$	357
2014		456
2015		272
2016		214
2017		220
2018		37
	$	1,556

Total rent expenses for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 were approximately $ 527, $ 717 and $ 686, respectively.

F - 22

JACADA LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 7:- DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

In order to reduce the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on its results, the Company enters into foreign currency exchange forward contracts and option strategies to purchase and sell foreign currencies to hedge a significant portion of its anticipated New Israeli Shekel ("NIS") payroll payments. The Company designates these contracts for accounting purposes as cash flow hedges. The Company currently hedges its exposure to the variability in future cash flows for a maximum period of one year.

The effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instruments is initially recorded as a component of other comprehensive income, a separate component of shareholders' equity, and subsequently reclassified into earnings to the same line item as the related forecasted transaction and in the same period or periods during which the hedged exposure affects earnings. As the critical terms of the forward contract or option strategies and the hedged transaction are matched at inception, the hedge effectiveness is assessed generally based on changes in the fair value for cash flow hedges as compared to the changes in the fair value of the cash flows associated with the underlying hedged transactions. Hedge ineffectiveness, if any, are recognized immediately in financial income (expenses), net.

Gain (loss) on the derivative instruments, which partially offset the foreign currency impact from the underlying exposures, reclassified from other comprehensive income into cost of maintenance, research and development, sales and marketing and general and administrative for the year ended December 31, 2012 were $ 2, $ 43, $25 and $ 16, respectively. There was no ineffective portion of the change in fair value of a cash flow hedge for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010. There was $ 5  ineffective portion of the change in fair value of a cash flow hedge for the year ended December 31, 2012.

The Company's derivatives expose it to credit risks from possible non-performance by counterparties. As of December 31, 2012, the Company was not exposed to any loss due to credit risk by counterparties to its derivative financial instruments. The Company has limited its credit risk by entering into derivative transactions exclusively with investment-grade rated financial institutions and monitors the creditworthiness of these financial institutions on an ongoing basis.

The notional amounts of the Company's derivative instruments as of December 31, 2012 amounted to $ 1,761. Notional values are dollar translated and calculated based on forward rates as of December 31, 2012. Gross notional amounts do not quantify risk or represent assets or liabilities of the Company, but are used in the calculation of settlements under the contracts.

As of December 31, 2012, amounts related to derivatives designated as cash flow hedges and recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income totaled $ 88 which will be reclassified into earnings within the next 12 months and will partially offset the foreign currency impact from the underlying exposures. The amount ultimately realized in earnings will likely differ due to future changes in foreign exchange rates. Gains from cash flow hedges recognized in other comprehensive income in the year ended December 31, 2012 amounted to $ 166.

F - 23

JACADA LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 7:- DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (Cont.)

The Company records all derivative instruments on the balance sheet at fair value. The fair value of the open foreign exchange contracts appears on its consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2012, as an asset in other current assets, in the amount of $ 88.

The fair value of the Company's outstanding derivative instruments qualified as hedging instruments at December 31, 2011 and 2012 is summarized below

		December 31,
	Balance sheet location	2012		2011
Assets
Foreign exchange option contracts	Other current assets	$	7		-
Foreign exchange forward contracts			81		-
		$	88		-
Liabilities
Foreign exchange option contracts	Accrued expenses and other liabilities	$	-	$	(16	)
Foreign exchange forward contracts			-		(62	)
		$	-	$	(78	)
Derivatives assets (liabilities), net		$	88	$	(78	)

The effect of derivative instruments in cash flow hedging relationships on the net loss and other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 is summarized below:

	Increase (decrease) in gains recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) on derivative (effective portion)
	Year ended December 31,
	2012		2011			2010
Derivative in cash flow hedging relationship
Foreign exchange option contracts	$	11	$	(16	)	$	-
Foreign exchange forward contracts		69		(70	)		124
	$	80	$	(86	)	$	124

F - 24

JACADA LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 7:- DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (Cont.)

The following is the change in the other comprehensive income (loss) of unrealized gains on foreign currency cash flow hedge during 2012:

	Other comprehensive income (loss)
Other comprehensive loss from unrealized gains on foreign currency cash flow hedge as of January 1, 2012	$	(78	)
Reclassification to earnings of realized loss on foreign currency cash flow hedge		86
Unrealized net gain on foreign currency cash flow hedge		80
Other comprehensive income from unrealized gains on foreign currency cash flow hedge as of December 31, 2012	$	88

		Gains (losses) reclassified from other comprehensive income (loss) into income (expenses)
		Year ended December 31,
	Location in Statement of Operation	2012			2011		2010
Derivative in cash flow hedging relationship
Foreign exchange option contracts	Cost of sales and operating expenses	$	(11	)	$	-	$	-
Foreign exchange forward contracts	Financial expense		(5	)		-		-
Foreign exchange forward contracts	Cost of sales and operating expenses		(70	)		65		90
		$	(86	)	$	65	$	90

NOTE 8:- FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The Company values its marketable securities, using quoted prices in markets that are considered active and not considered active, but for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly. The Company's marketable securities are classified within Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Equity securities are classified as Level 1 and the corporate debentures and marketable securities are classified as Level 2. In accordance with ASC 820, the Company does not adjust the quoted price for such instruments. The types of instruments that trade in markets that are not considered to be active, but are valued based on quoted market prices, broker or dealer quotations, or alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency (Level 2) include corporate debentures and U.S government treasuries.

F - 25

JACADA LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 8:- FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (Cont.)

The Company values its foreign currency derivative contracts using a market approach. Foreign currency derivative contracts are classified within Level 2 as the valuation inputs are based on quoted prices and market observable data of similar instruments.

The following table presents the Company's assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2012 and 2011:

	December 31, 2012
	Fair value measurements using input type
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Marketable securities:
Equity	$	5,839	$	-	$	-	$	5,839
Foreign currency derivative contracts		-		88		-		88
Total	$	5,839	$	88	$	-	$	5,927

	December 31, 2011
	Fair value measurements using input type
	Level 1		Level 2			Level 3		Total
Marketable securities:
Equity	$	10,116	$	-		$	-	$	10,116
Corporate debentures		-		560			-		560
Foreign currency derivative contracts		-		(78	)		-		(78	)
Total	$	10,116	$	482		$	-	$	10,598

NOTE 9:- SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

a. General:

Ordinary shares confer upon their holders the right to receive notice to participate and vote in general meetings of the Company, and the right to receive dividends if declared.

On October 9, 2011 the Company voluntarily delisted its shares from trade at the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange.

Since October 1999, the Company's shares had been traded on the NASDAQ Global Market. On October 19, 2012 Company’s shares were delisted from the NASDAQ Global Market because the Company failed to comply with the NASDAQ requirement to have a market value of publicly held shares of at least $5 million. Since then the Company’s shares are traded in the over-the-counter market in the OTCQB Marketplace.

F - 26

JACADA LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 9:- SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (Cont.)

b. Options issued to employees and directors:

As of December 31, 2012, the Company had three Incentive Share Option Plans (the 1999, 2003 and 2012 plans), which provide for the grant of options to officers, management, employees and key employees, directors, consultants and others of up to 2,465,113 of the Company's Ordinary shares. The options granted generally become fully exercisable after two to four years and expire between 7 to 10 years from the grant date. Any options from 1999, 2003 and 2012 plans that are forfeited or canceled before expiration become available for future grants.

Pursuant to the option plans, the exercise price of options shall be determined by the Company's Board of Directors or the Company's compensation committee but may not be less than the par value of the Ordinary shares.

As of December 31, 2012, an aggregate of 1,042,455 Ordinary shares of the Company were still available for future grant under the Incentive Share Option Plans.

A summary of the Company's option activity and related information with respect to options granted to employees for the year ended December 31, 2012 is as follows:

	Number of options		Weighted-average exercise price		Weighted- average remaining contractual term (in years)		Aggregate intrinsic value
Outstanding at the beginning of the year		469,864	$	9.45		3.77	$	-
Granted		338,473	$	1.47
Forfeited		203,627	$	9.21
Outstanding at end of year		604,710	$	5.07		4.72		-
Exercisable options at end of year		225,023	$	10.7		1.78		-
Vested and expected-to-vest at end of year		472,596	$	6.09		4.1		-

The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised during 2010 was $ 23. No options were exercised during 2011 and 2012.

The weighted-average estimated grant date fair value of employee stock options granted during the years 2012, 2011 and 2010 was $ 0.69, $ 1.14 and $ 2.10, respectively.

F - 27

JACADA LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 9:- SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (Cont.)

Stock-based compensation (gain) expense in respect of options granted to employees amounted to $ (2), $ 33 and $ 330 for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. The following table presents the stock-based compensation included in the line items below in the Company's consolidated statements of operations:

	Year ended December 31,
	2012			2011			2010
Cost of revenues	$	22		$	(24	)	$	31
Research and development		5			10			(4	)
Sales and marketing		20			21			(21	)
General and administrative		(49	)		26			324
Total	$	(2	)	$	33		$	330

c. Options issued to consultants:

The Company's outstanding options to consultants as of December 31, 2012, were as follows:

Grant date	Options for Ordinary shares		Exercise price per share		Options exercisable		Exercisable through
2004		7,500	$	11.76		7,500		2014
		7,500				7,500

Stock-based compensation expense in respect of options granted to non employees amounted to $ 0, $ 0 and $ 2 for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

d. As of December 31, 2012, there was $ 132 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested share-based compensation arrangements granted under the Company's stock option plans. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.42 years.

e. During 2008, the Company purchased a total of 1,111,796 of its Ordinary shares pursuant to a share repurchase program as well as a self tender offer conducted by the Company. Such shares are held by the Company as treasury shares and are presented at cost. Under the Companies Law for so long as such treasury shares are owned by the Company they have no rights and, accordingly, are neither eligible to participate in or receive any future dividends which may be paid to the Company's shareholders nor are they entitled to participate in, be voted at or be counted as part of the quorum for, any meetings of shareholders.

F - 28

JACADA LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 9:- SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (Cont.)

f. In November 2010, the Company performed a reverse stock split of the Company's ordinary shares of four (4) for one (1) (i.e., four ordinary shares, NIS 0.01 nominal value each, will be combined into one ordinary share NIS 0.04 nominal value). All ordinary share and per share data included in these financial statements for all periods presented have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the reverse split. The Company's articles of association were amended and the authorized share capital of the Company is NIS 300,000 divided into 7,500,000 Ordinary shares, par value NIS 0.04 per share.

NOTE 10:- TAXES ON INCOME

a. Tax benefits under the Law for the Encouragement of Capital Investments, 1959 ("the Investment law"):

Various industrial projects of Jacada have been granted "Approved Enterprise" and "Privileged Enterprise" status, which provides certain benefits, including tax exemptions and reduced tax rates. According to the provisions of the Investment Law, the Company's income is tax-exempt for a period of two years commencing with the year it first earns taxable income, and subject to corporate taxes at the reduced rate of 10% to 25%, for an additional period of five to eight years depending upon the level of foreign ownership of the Company. Income not eligible for Approved Enterprise and Privileged Enterprise benefits is taxed at a regular rate.

In the event of distribution of dividends from the said tax-exempt income, the amount distributed will be subject to corporate tax at the rate ordinarily applicable to the Approved Enterprise's and Privileged Enterprise income. The tax-exempt income attributable to the Approved Enterprise programs mentioned above can be distributed to shareholders without subjecting the Company to taxes only upon the complete liquidation of Jacada. Tax-exempt income generated under the Company's Privileged Enterprise program will be subject to taxes upon dividend distribution (which includes the repurchase of the Company's shares) or complete liquidation.

The entitlement to the above benefits is conditional upon the Company's fulfilling the conditions stipulated by the Law and regulations published thereunder. Should the Company fail to meet such requirements in the future, income attributable to its Approved Enterprise and Privileged Enterprise programs could be subject to the statutory Israeli corporate tax rate and the Company could be required to refund a portion of the tax benefits already received, with respect to such programs. As of December 31, 2011, management believes that the Company is in compliance with all the conditions required by the Law.

F - 29

JACADA LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 10:- TAXES ON INCOME (Cont.)

As the Company currently has no taxable income, these benefits have not yet commenced for all programs since inception.

In January 2011, the Law for Economic Policy for 2011 and 2012 (Amended Legislation) was passed, and among other things, amended the Law, ("the Amendment") effective January 1, 2011. According to the Amendment, the benefit tracks in the Investment Law were modified and a flat tax rate applies to the Company's entire preferred income. The Company will be able to opt to apply (the waiver is non-recourse) the Amendment and from then on it will be subject to the amended tax rates as follows: 2011 and 2012 - 15%, 2013 and 2014 - 12.5% and in 2015 and thereafter - 12%.

b. Tax benefits under the Law for the Encouragement of Industry (Taxation), 1969:

The Company believes it meets all the criteria to be classified as "industrial company", as defined by this law and, as such, is entitled to certain tax benefits, mainly accelerated depreciation of machinery and equipment, as prescribed by regulations published under the Inflationary Adjustments Law, the right to claim public issuance expenses and amortization of intangible property rights as a deduction for tax purposes.

c. Net operating losses carryforward:

As of December 31, 2012, the Company had an Israeli net operating loss carryforward of approximately $ 43,000 which can be carried forward and offset against taxable income with no expiration date.

As of December 31, 2012, the U.S subsidiary had a U.S. net operating loss carryforward for income tax purposes of approximately $ 837. The net operating loss carryforward expires within 10 to 14 years. Utilization of U.S. net operating losses may be subject to substantial annual limitations due to the "change in ownership" provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and similar state provisions. The annual limitation may result in the expiration of net operating losses before utilization.

As of December 31, 2012, the European subsidiaries had net operating losses carryforward for income tax purposes, of approximately $ 2,500 which can be carried forward and offset against taxable income with no expiration date.

d. Theoretical tax:

In 2012, 2011 and 2010, the main reconciling items between the statutory tax rate of the Company and the effective tax rate are the non-recognition of tax benefits from accumulated net operating losses carried forward due to the uncertainty of the realization of such tax benefits and current year adjustments to the full valuation allowance provided on the carryforward tax losses.

F - 30

JACADA LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 10:- TAXES ON INCOME (Cont.)

e. Deferred income taxes:

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of the Company's deferred tax assets are as follows:

	December 31,
	2012			2011
Deferred tax assets:
Operating loss carryforward	$	11,862		$	10,628
Reserves and allowances		1,622			1,270
Total deferred tax asset before valuation allowance		13,484			11,898
Valuation allowance		(13,484	)		(11,898	)
Net deferred tax assets	$	-		$	-

The Company has provided a full valuation allowances in respect of deferred tax assets resulting from tax loss carryforward and temporary differences. Management currently believes that since the Company has a history of losses it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized in the foreseeable future.

f. Loss from before taxes is comprised as follows:

	Year ended December 31,
	2012			2011			2010
Domestic (Israel)	$	(7,598	)	$	(7,843	)	$	(11,403	)
Foreign		1,209			1,107			843
	$	(6,389	)	$	(6,736	)	$	(10,560	)

g. Corporate tax rates in Israel:

Taxable income of Israeli companies is subject to tax at the rate of 25% in 2010, 24% in 2011 and 25% in 2012 and onwards.

F - 31

JACADA LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 10:- TAXES ON INCOME (Cont.)

h. Income tax expense is comprised as follows:

	Year ended December 31,
	2012		2011		2010
Current income tax expenses	$	55	$	62	$	49
	$	55	$	62	$	49
Domestic	$	-	$	-	$	-
Foreign		55		62		49
	$	55	$	62	$	49

i. As of December 31, 2012, the Jacada's 2008 tax filling has received final tax assessments.

NOTE 11:- GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION AND MAJOR CUSTOMER DATA

a. Summary information about geographical areas:

The Company manages its business on a basis of one reportable segment (see Note 1a for a brief description of the Company's business) and follows the requirements of ASC 280 "Segment Reporting".

The following is a summary of revenues within geographic areas based on the end-customer's location:

	Year ended December 31,
	2012		2011		2010
North America	$	6,229	$	5,883	$	8,948
United Kingdom		2,691		4,991		5,754
Other		1,847		1,512		2,453
	$	10,767	$	12,386	$	17,155

F - 32

JACADA LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 11:- GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION AND MAJOR CUSTOMER DATA

	December 31,
	2012		2011
Property and Equipment:
North America	$	400	$	311
Israel		158		301
Other		2		21
	$	560	$	633

b. Major customers' data as a percentage of total revenues:

	Year ended December 31,
	2012			2011			2010
Customer A		22	%		38	%		30	%
Customer B		18	%		1	%		-
Customer C		10	%		9	%		6	%
Customer D		6	%		12	%		-
Customer E		3	%		9	%		14	%

NOTE 12:- SUPPLEMENTARY DATA ON SELECTED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

a. Financial income (expenses), net:

	Year ended December 31,
	2012			2011			2010
Financial income:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	$	-		$	43		$	-
Realized gain on marketable securities		689			28			25
Interest and amortization/accretion of premium/discount on marketable securities		7			38			94
Dividend on equity marketable securities		216			260			155
		912			369			274
Financial expenses:
Other than temporary impairment of marketable securities		-			(336	)		(95	)
Bank charges		(33	)		(45	)		(45	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(23	)		-			(55	)
		(56	)		(381	)		(195	)
	$	856		$	(12	)	$	79

F - 33

JACADA LTD. AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

U.S. dollars in thousands, except share and per share data

NOTE 12:- SUPPLEMENTARY DATA ON SELECTED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (Cont.)

b. Allowance for doubtful accounts:

The balance of the allowance for doubtful accounts for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, was $ 0.

There was no change in the allowance for doubtful accounts for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011. The change in the allowance for doubtful accounts for the year ended 2010 was $ 3.

F - 34

Item 19: EXHIBITS

Exhibit Number                                           Description of Document

1.1 Memorandum of Association of Jacada Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F-1 (SEC File No. 333-10882)).

1.2 Articles of Association of Jacada Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F-1 (SEC File No. 333-10882)).

1.3 Amendments to Jacada Ltd.’s Articles of Association, dated August 24, 2003 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.3 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2003).

1.4 Amendments to Jacada Ltd.’s Articles of Association, dated August 25, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.3 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2004).

1.5 Amendment to Jacada Ltd.’s Articles of Association, dated October 25, 2010 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.5 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2010).

4.1 Jacada Ltd. 1999 Share Option and Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-10882)).

4.2 Amendment to Jacada Ltd. 1999 Share Option and Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (file no. 333-73650)).

4.3 Amendment No. 2 to the Jacada Ltd. Form of 1999 Share Option and Incentive Plan. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.8 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2009).

4.4 Jacada Ltd. 2003 Share Option Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (file no. 333-111303)).

4.5 Amendment No. 1 to the Jacada Ltd. 2003 Share Option and Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.9 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2009).

4.6 2012 Share Option and Incentive Plan

8 List of Jacada Ltd.’s Subsidiaries.

11 Code of Ethics of Jacada Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 11 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2003).

12.1 Certificate of Co-Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a)/Rule 15d-14(a).

12.2 Certificate of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a)/Rule 15d-14(a).

13.1 Certification of Co-Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b)/Rule 15d-14(b) under the Exchange Act and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

14.1 Consent of Kost, Forer, Gabbay and Kasierer, a member of Ernst & Young Global.

101 The following financial information from Jacada Ltd. Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2012, filed with the SEC on April 30, 2013, formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2011 and 2012, (ii) Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) as of December 31, 2011 and 2012, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012, (v) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012, (vi) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012, and (vii) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

85

SIGNATURES

The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this Annual Report on its behalf.

JACADA LTD.
By:	/s/ Caroline Cronin
	Caroline Cronin
	Chief Financial Officer
	Date: April 30, 2013

86

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Number                                           Description of Document

1.1 Memorandum of Association of Jacada Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F-1 (SEC File No. 333-10882)).

1.2 Articles of Association of Jacada Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F-1 (SEC File No. 333-10882)).

1.3 Amendments to Jacada Ltd.’s Articles of Association, dated August 24, 2003 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.3 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2003).

1.4 Amendments to Jacada Ltd.’s Articles of Association, dated August 25, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.3 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2004).

1.5 Amendment to Jacada Ltd.’s Articles of Association, dated October 25, 2010 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.5 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2010).

4.1 Jacada Ltd. 1999 Share Option and Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F-1 (file no. 333-10882)).

4.2 Amendment to Jacada Ltd. 1999 Share Option and Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (file no. 333-73650)).

4.3 Amendment No. 2 to the Jacada Ltd. Form of 1999 Share Option and Incentive Plan. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.8 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2009).

4.4 Jacada Ltd. 2003 Share Option Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 (file no. 333-111303)).

4.5 Amendment No. 1 to the Jacada Ltd. 2003 Share Option and Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.9 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2009).

4.6 2012 Share Option and Incentive Plan

8 List of Jacada Ltd.’s Subsidiaries.

11 Code of Ethics of Jacada Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 11 to the registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2003).

12.1 Certificate of Co-Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a)/Rule 15d-14(a).

87

12.2 Certificate of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a)/Rule 15d-14(a).

13.1 Certification of Co-Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b)/Rule 15d-14(b) under the Exchange Act and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

14.1 Consent of Kost, Forer, Gabbay and Kasierer, a member of Ernst & Young Global.

101 The following financial information from Jacada Ltd. Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2012, filed with the SEC on April 30, 2013, formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2011 and 2012, (ii) Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) as of December 31, 2011 and 2012, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012, (v) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012, (vi) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012, and (vii) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

88

EX-4.6

Exhibit 4.6

JACADA LTD.

_________________________________________________

2012 SHARE OPTION AND INCENTIVE PLAN

_________________________________________________

__________________________________

Adopted: August 14, 2012

__________________________________

- 2 -

__________________________________

JACADA LTD.

2012 SHARE OPTION AND INCENTIVE PLAN

__________________________________

Unless otherwise defined, terms used herein shall have the meaning ascribed to them in Section ‎2 hereof.

1. PURPOSE; TYPES OF AWARDS; CONSTRUCTION.

1.1. Purpose.  The purpose of this 2012 Share Option and Incentive Plan (as may be amended, the “Plan”) is to afford an incentive to employees, directors, officers, consultants, advisors, and any other person or entity whose services are considered valuable (collectively, the “Service Providers”) to Jacada Ltd., an Israeli company (the “Company”), or any Affiliate of the Company, which now exists or hereafter is organized or acquired by the Company, to continue as Service Providers, to increase their efforts on behalf of the Company or an Affiliate and to promote the success of the Company's business, by providing such Service Providers with opportunities to acquire a proprietary interest in the Company by the issuance of Ordinary Shares of the Company, and by the grant of options to purchase Shares and awards of restricted Shares (“Restricted Shares”), Restricted Share Units (“RSUs”) and other Share-based Awards pursuant to the Plan.

1.2. Types of Awards. The Plan is intended to enable the Company to issue Awards under varying tax regimes, including:

(i) pursuant and subject to the provisions of Section 102 of the Ordinance, and all regulations and interpretations adopted thereunder, including the Income Tax Rules (Tax Benefits in Stock Issuance to Employees) 5763-2003 (the “Rules”) or such other rules published by the Israeli Income Tax Authorities (the “ITA”) (such Awards, “102 Awards”). 102 Awards may either be granted to a Trustee or without a trustee;

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(ii) pursuant to Section 3(9) of the Ordinance (such Awards, “3(9) Awards”);

(iii) Incentive Stock Options within the meaning of Section 422 of the Code, or the corresponding provision of any subsequently enacted United States federal tax statute, as amended from time to time, to be granted to Service Providers who are deemed to be residents of the U.S. for purposes of taxation;

(iv) Nonqualified Stock Options to be granted to Service Providers who are deemed to be residents of the U.S. for purposes of taxation; and

(v) other stock-based Awards pursuant to Section 13 hereof.

In addition to the issuance of Awards under the relevant tax regimes in the United States of America and the State of Israel, the Plan contemplates issuances to Grantees in other jurisdictions with respect to which the Committee is empowered to make the requisite adjustments in the Plan and set forth the relevant conditions in the Company’s agreement with the Grantee in order to comply with the requirements of the tax regimes in any such jurisdictions.

The Plan contemplates the issuance of Awards by the Company, both as a private company and as a publicly traded company.

1.3. Construction. To the extent any provision herein conflict with the conditions of any relevant tax law or regulation which are relied upon for tax relief in respect of a particular Award to a Grantee, the provisions of such law or regulation shall prevail over those of the Plan, and the Committee is empowered hereunder to interpret and enforce the said prevailing provisions.

2. DEFINITIONS.

2.1. Terms Generally.  The definitions of terms herein shall apply equally to the singular and plural forms of the terms defined.  Whenever the context may require, any pronoun shall include the corresponding masculine, feminine and neuter forms.  The words “include”, “includes” and “including” shall be deemed to be followed by the phrase “without limitation.”  Unless the context requires otherwise (i) any definition of or reference to any agreement, instrument or other document herein shall be construed as referring to such agreement, instrument or other document as from time to time amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified (subject to any restrictions on such amendments, restatements, supplements or modifications set forth therein or herein), (ii) references to any law, constitution, statute, treaty, regulation, rule or ordinance, including any section or other part thereof shall refer to it as amended from time to time and shall include any successor thereof, (iii) reference to a person shall means an individual, partnership, corporation, limited liability company, association, trust, unincorporated organization, or a government or agency or political subdivision thereof, (iv) the words “herein”, “hereof” and “hereunder”, and words of similar import, shall be construed to refer to this Plan in its entirety and not to any particular provision hereof and (v) all references herein to Sections shall be construed to refer to Sections of this Plan.

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2.2 Defined Terms. The following terms shall have the meanings ascribed to them in this Section ‎2:

2.2.1. “Affiliate” shall have the meaning assigned thereto in Rule 405 of Regulation C under the Securities Act. For the purpose of Options granted pursuant to 102 Awards, “Affiliate” shall also mean an “employing company” within the meaning of Section 102(a) of the Ordinance.

2.2.2. “Applicable Law” shall mean any applicable law, rule, regulation, statute, pronouncement, policy, interpretation, judgment, order or decree of any federal, provincial, state or local governmental, regulatory or adjudicative authority or agency, of any jurisdiction, and the rules and regulations of any stock exchange or trading system on which the Shares are then traded or listed.

2.2.3. “Award” shall mean any Restricted Share, Option or any other Share-based award, granted to a Grantee under the Plan and any Share issued pursuant to the exercise thereof.

2.2.4. “Board” shall mean the Board of Directors of the Company.

2.2.5. “Code” shall mean the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

2.2.6. “Committee” shall mean a committee established by the Board to administer the Plan, subject to Section ‎3.1.

2.2.7. “Companies Law” shall mean the Israel Companies Law-1999 and the regulations promulgated thereunder, all as amended from time to time.

2.2.8. “Controlling Shareholder” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 32(9) of the Ordinance.

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2.2.9. “Disability” shall mean (i) the inability of a Grantee to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or which has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months, as determined by a medical doctor satisfactory to the Committee or (ii) if applicable, a “permanent and total disability” as defined in Section 22(e)(3) of the Code, or Section 409A(a)(2)(c)(i) of the Code, as amended from time to time.

2.2.10. “Employee” shall mean a person who is employed by the Company or any of its Affiliates, including, for the purpose of Section 102, an individual who is serving as an “office holder” as defined under the Companies Law, but excluding any Controlling Shareholder.

2.2.11. “Exercise Period” shall mean the period, commencing on the date of grant of an Option, during which an Option shall be exercisable, subject to any vesting provisions thereof and the termination provisions hereof.

2.2.12. “Exercise Price” shall mean the exercise price for each Share covered by an Option.

2.2.13. “Fair Market Value” per Share as of a particular date shall mean: (i) the average closing sales price per Share on the securities exchange (including, if applicable, The NASDAQ Stock Market) on which the Shares are principally traded over the thirty (30) day calendar period preceding the subject date (utilizing all trading days during such 30 calendar day period); (ii) if the Shares are then quoted in an over-the-counter market, the average of the closing bid and asked prices for the Shares in that over-the-counter market during the thirty (30) day calendar period preceding the subject date (utilizing all trading days during such 30 calendar day period); (iii) if the Shares are not then listed on a securities exchange or quoted in an over-the-counter market, such value as the Committee, in its sole discretion, shall determine, with full authority to determine the method for making such determination, and which determination shall be conclusive and binding on all parties, and shall be made after such consultations with outside legal, accounting and other experts as the Committee may deem advisable; provided, however, that with respect to Nonqualified Stock Options, the Fair Market Value of the Shares shall be determined in a manner that satisfies the applicable requirements of Section 409A of the Code, and with respect to Incentive Stock Options, the Fair Market Value shall be determined in a manner that satisfies the applicable requirements of Section 422 of the Code, subject to Code Section 422(c)(7). The Committee shall maintain a written record of its method of determining such value. If the Shares are listed or quoted on more than one established stock exchange or over-the-counter market, the Committee shall determine the principal such exchange or market and utilize the price of the Shares on that exchange or market (determined as per the method described in clauses (i) or (ii) above, as applicable) for the purpose of determining Fair Market Value.

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2.2.14. “Grantee” shall mean a person who is granted an Award under the Plan, and who at the time of grant is a Service Provider of the Company or any Affiliate thereof.

2.2.15. “Non-Employee”shall mean a consultant, adviser, Service Provider, Controlling Shareholder or any other person who is not an Employee.

2.2.16. “Nonqualified Stock Option” shall mean any Option granted to a Service Provider who is deemed to be a resident of the U.S. for purposes of taxation, which Option is not designated as, or does not meet the conditions for, an Incentive Stock Option.

2.2.17. “Options” shall mean all options to purchase Shares granted as 102 Awards, 3(9) Awards, Incentive Stock Options and Non-Qualified Stock Options, as well as options to purchase Shares issued under other tax regimes.

2.2.18. “Ordinance” shall mean the Israeli Income Tax Ordinance (New Version) 1961, and the regulations promulgated thereunder, all as amended from time to time.

2.2.19. “Parent” shall mean any company (other than the Company), which now exists or is hereafter organized, (i) in an unbroken chain of companies ending with the Company if, at the time of granting an Award, each of the companies (other than the Company) owns stock possessing fifty percent (50%) or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock in one of the other companies in such chain, or (ii) if applicable, as defined in Section 424(e) of the Code.

2.2.20. “Retirement” shall mean a Grantee's retirement pursuant to applicable law or in accordance with the terms of any tax-qualified retirement plan maintained by the Company or any of its affiliates in which the Grantee participates.

2.2.21. “Securities Act” shall mean the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

2.2.22. “Shares” shall mean Ordinary Shares, par value NIS 0.04 of the Company, or shares of such other class of shares of the Company as shall be designated by the Board in respect of the relevant Award.

2.2.23. “Subsidiary” shall mean any company (other than the Company), which now exists or is hereafter organized or acquired by the Company, (i) in an unbroken chain of companies beginning with the Company if, at the time of granting an Award, each of the companies other than the last company in the unbroken chain owns stock possessing fifty percent (50%) or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock in one of the other companies in such chain, or (ii) if applicable, as defined in Section 424(f) of the Code.

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2.2.24. “Ten Percent Shareholder” shall mean a Grantee who, at the time an Incentive Stock Option is granted, owns shares possessing more than ten percent (10%) of the total combined voting power of all classes of shares of the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary.

2.2.25. “Trustee” shall mean the trustee appointed by the Committee or the Board, as the case may be, to hold the respective Options and/or Shares (and, in relation with 102 Awards, approved by the Israeli tax authorities), if so appointed.

2.3. Other Defined Terms. The following terms shall have the meanings ascribed to them in the Sections set forth below:

Term	Section
102 Awards	‎1.2‎(i)
102 Capital Gains Track Options	‎9.1
102 Non-Trustee Options	‎9.2
102 Ordinary Income Track Options	‎9.1
102 Trustee Options	‎9.1
3(9) Awards	‎1.2(ii)
Cause	‎6.6.3
Company	‎1.1
Effective Date	‎25.1
Election	‎9.2
Eligible 102 Grantees	‎4.2
ISO Shares	‎8.4
ITA	‎1.2‎(i)
Market Stand-Off	‎17
Merger/Sale	‎14.2
Option Agreement	‎6

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Plan	‎1.1
Required Holding Period	‎9.4
Restricted Period	‎11.4
Restricted Share Agreement	‎11
Restricted Share Unit Agreement	‎12.1
Restricted Shares	‎1.1
RSU	‎12.1
Rules	‎1.2(i)
Service Provider(s)	‎1.1
Successor Corporation	‎14.2.1
Withholding Obligations	‎18.3

3. ADMINISTRATION.

3.1. To the extent permitted under Applicable Law and the Memorandum of Association, Articles of Association and any other governing document of the Company, the Plan shall be administered by the Committee.  In the event that the Board does not create a committee to administer the Plan, the Plan shall be administered by the Board in its entirety. In the event that an action necessary for the administration of the Plan is required under law to be taken by the Board, then such action shall be so taken by the Board. In any such event, all references herein to the Committee shall be construed as references to the Board.

3.2. The Committee shall consist of two or more directors of the Company, as determined by the Board. The Board shall appoint the members of the Committee, it may from time to time remove members from, or add members to, the Committee, and it shall fill vacancies on the Committee however caused, provided that the composition of the Committee shall at all times be in compliance with any mandatory requirements of Applicable Law. The Committee may select one of its members as its Chairman and shall hold its meetings at such times and places as it shall determine.  The Committee may appoint a Secretary, who shall keep records of its meetings and shall make such rules and regulations for the conduct of its business, as it shall deem advisable and subject to requirements of Applicable Law.

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3.3. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Plan and any mandatory provisions of Applicable Law, and in addition to the Committee's powers contained elsewhere in this Plan, the Committee shall have full authority in its discretion, from time to time and at any time, to determine any of the following, or to recommend to the Board any of the following if it is not authorized to take such action according to Applicable Law:

(i) the identity of eligible Grantees;

(ii) grants of Awards and setting the terms and provisions of Option Agreements (which need not be identical) and any other agreements or instruments under which Awards are made, including, but not limited to, the number of Shares underlying each Award;

(iii) the time or times at which Awards shall be granted;

(iv) the vesting schedule, the acceleration thereof and conditions on which Awards may be exercised;

(v) the Exercise Price;

(vi) the interpretation of the Plan;

(vii) prescription, amendment and rescission of rules and regulations relating to and for carrying out the Plan, as it may deem appropriate;

(viii) the Fair Market Value of the Shares;

(ix) the tax track (capital gains, ordinary income track or any other track available under the Section 102 of the Ordinance) for the purpose of 102 Awards; and

(x) any other matter which is necessary or desirable for, or incidental to, the administration of the Plan and any Award thereunder.

3.4. Grants of Awards shall be made pursuant to written notice to Grantees setting forth the terms of the Award. Such notice shall designate the type of Award as one of the following: (i) a 102 Award granted to a Trustee (either as a 102 Award (capital gain track) with Trustee or a 102 Award (ordinary income track) with Trustee), (ii) a 102 Award without a Trustee, (iii) a 3(9) Award, (iv)an Incentive Stock Option, (v) a Nonqualified Stock Option, or (vi) any other type of Award.

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3.5. Subject to the mandatory provisions of Applicable Law, the grant of any Award, whether by the Committee or the Board, shall be deemed to include an authorization of the issuance of Shares upon the due exercise thereof.

3.6. The authority granted hereunder includes the authority to modify Awards to eligible individuals who are foreign nationals or are individuals who are employed outside Israel to recognize differences in local law, tax policy or custom, in order to effectuate the purposes of the Plan but without amending the Plan.  The Committee shall have the authority to grant, in its discretion, to the holder of an outstanding Award, in exchange for the surrender and cancellation of such Award, a new Award having an Exercise Price lower than that provided in the Award so surrendered and canceled and containing such other terms and conditions as the Committee may prescribe in accordance with the provisions of the Plan or to set a new Exercise Price for the same Award lower than that previously provided in the Award.

3.7. All decisions, determination and interpretations of the Committee shall be final and binding on all Grantees of any Awards under this Plan, unless otherwise determined by the Board. No member of the Committee shall be liable for any action taken or determination made in good faith with respect to the Plan or any Award granted hereunder.

4. ELIGIBILITY.

4.1. Awards may be granted to Service Providers of the Company or any Affiliate thereof, taking into account the qualification under each tax regime pursuant to which such Awards are granted. A person who has been granted an Award hereunder may be granted additional Awards, if the Committee shall so determine, subject to the limitations herein. In determining the persons to whom Awards shall be granted and the number of Shares to be covered by each Award, the Committee shall take into account the duties of the respective persons, their present and potential contributions to the success of the Company and such other factors as the Committee shall deem relevant in connection with accomplishing the purpose of the Plan.

4.2. Subject to Applicable Law, 102 Awards may not be granted to Controlling Shareholders and may only be granted to Employees, including officers and directors, of the Company or any Affiliate thereof, who are Israeli residents (“Eligible 102 Grantees”). Awards to Eligible 102 Grantees in Israel shall be 102 Awards.  Eligible 102 Grantees may receive only 102 Awards, which may either be grants to a Trustee or grants under Section 102 without a trustee. Unless otherwise permitted by the Ordinance and the Rules, no 102 Awards to a Trustee may be granted until the expiration of thirty (30) days after the requisite filings under the Ordinance and the Rules have been appropriately made with the ITA.

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4.3. Subject to Applicable Law, Non-Employees who are Israeli residents and are not Eligible 102 Grantees may only be granted 3(9) Awards under this Plan.

5. SHARES.

The initial number of Shares reserved for the grant of Awards under the Plan shall be 525,000 Shares. All of the Shares reserved for issuance under the Plan may be issued pursuant to the exercise of Incentive Stock Options.  The class of Shares shall be designated by the Board with respect to each Award and the notice of grant shall reflect such designation. Any Share underlying an Award granted hereunder which has expired, or was cancelled or terminated or forfeited for any reason without having been exercised, shall be automatically, and without any further action on the part of the Company or any Grantee, returned to the “pool” of reserved Shares hereunder and shall again be available for grant for the purposes of this Plan (unless this Plan shall have been terminated) or unless the Board determines otherwise.  In addition, any Share underlying an Award granted under the Company’s 1999 Share Option and Incentive Plan or the Company’s 2003 Share Option and Incentive Plan that has expired, or was cancelled, terminated or forfeited for any reason without having vested or having been exercised following the Effective Date of this Plan, shall be automatically, and without any further action on the part of the Company or any Grantee, added to the “pool” of reserved Shares hereunder and be available for grant for purposes of this Plan (as an increase to the number of Shares initially available for grant under the Plan, as stated in the first sentence of this Section 5). Similarly, Shares that were authorized but unissued under the Company’s 1999 Share Option and Incentive Plan or the Company’s 2003 Share Option and Incentive Plan, consisting of up to a maximum of 1,129,665 Shares, shall, once further grants can no longer be made under those plans, automatically be added to the “pool” of reserved Shares hereunder and shall be available for grant for purposes of this Plan (as an increase to the number of Shares initially available for grant under the Plan, as stated in the first sentence of this Section 5). Notwithstanding the other provisions of this Section 5, the Board may, subject to any other approvals required under any Applicable Law, increase or decrease the number of Shares to be reserved under the Plan. Such Shares may, in whole or in part, be authorized but unissued Shares or Shares that shall have been or may be reacquired by the Company (to the extent permitted pursuant to the Companies Law) or by a trustee appointed by the Board under the relevant provisions of the Ordinance, the Companies Law or any equivalent provision. Any Shares that are not subject to outstanding Awards at the termination of the Plan shall cease to be reserved for the purpose of the Plan, but until termination of the Plan, the Company shall at all times reserve a sufficient number of Shares to meet the requirements of the Plan.

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6. TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF OPTIONS.

Each Option granted pursuant to the Plan shall be evidenced by a written agreement between the Company and the Grantee or a written notice delivered by the Company and accepted by the Grantee (an “Option Agreement”), in such form and containing such terms and conditions as the Committee shall from time to time approve, which Option Agreement shall comply with and be subject to the following terms and conditions, unless otherwise specifically provided in such Option Agreement or the terms referred to in Sections ‎9 and ‎10 below. For purposes of interpreting this Section ‎6, a director's service as a member of the Board or the services of an officer, as the case may be, shall be deemed to be employment with the Company or its Subsidiary or Affiliate.

6.1. Number of Shares. Each Option Agreement shall state the number of Shares covered by the Option.

6.2. Type of Option. Each Option Agreement shall specifically state the type of Option granted thereunder and whether it constitutes an Incentive Stock Option, Nonqualified Stock Option, 102 Option Award and the relevant track, 3(9) Option Award, or otherwise.

6.3. Exercise Price. Each Option Agreement shall state the Exercise Price. In the case of an Incentive Stock Option, the Exercise Price shall not be less than one hundred percent (100%) of the Fair Market Value of the Shares covered by the Option on the date of grant or such other price as may be required pursuant to the Code. For an Incentive Stock Option granted to any Ten-Percent Shareholder, the Exercise Price shall be no less than 110% of the Fair Market Value of the Shares covered by the Option on the date of grant. The Exercise Price of a Nonqualified Stock Option shall not be less than 100% of the Fair Market Value of the Shares on the date of grant unless the Committee specifically indicates that the Option will have a lower Exercise Price and the Option complies with Section 409A of the Code. In the case of any other Option, the per share Exercise Price shall be equal to the Fair Market Value of the Shares on the date of grant, or such other price as shall be determined by the Committee, provided, however, that in no event shall the Exercise Price of an Option be less than the par value of the shares for which such Option is exercisable. For any grant for which the Exercise Price is determined by reference to Fair Market Value on the date of grant, the Committee (or the Board, if it is approving the grant) shall approve the grant prior to the applicable period over which Fair Market Value is determined (if the Shares are then traded on a securities exchange or quoted in the over-the-counter market, therefore, the Committee or Board shall approve the grant at least 30 calendar days prior to the grant date, in order that the Fair Market Value determination be made over the 30-calendar-day period between the Committee or Board approval and the setting of the Exercise Price).  Subject to Section ‎3 and to the foregoing, the Committee may reduce the Exercise Price of any outstanding Option. The Exercise Price shall also be subject to adjustment as provided in Section ‎14 hereof.  This Section 6.3 shall not apply to an Option granted pursuant to assumption of, or substitution for, another option in a manner that complies with Code Section 424(a), whether or not the Option is an Incentive Stock Option.

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6.4. Manner of Exercise. An Option may be exercised, as to any or all Shares as to which the Option has become exercisable, by written notice delivered in person or by mail to the Secretary of the Company or to such other person as determined by the Committee, specifying the number of Shares with respect to which the Option is being exercised, accompanied by payment of the Exercise Price for such Shares in the manner specified in the following sentence. The Exercise Price shall be paid in full with respect to each Share, at the time of exercise, either in (i) cash, (ii) if the Company’s shares are publicly traded, all or part of the Exercise Price and any withholding taxes may be paid by the delivery (on a form prescribed by the Company) of an irrevocable direction to a securities broker approved by the Company to sell Shares and to deliver all or part of the sales proceeds to the Company or the Trustee, (iii) if the Company’s shares are publicly traded, all or part of the Exercise Price and any withholding taxes may be paid by the delivery (on a form prescribed by the Company) of an irrevocable direction to pledge Shares to a securities broker or lender approved by the Company, as security for a loan, and to deliver all or part of the loan proceeds to the Company or the Trustee, or (iv) in such other manner as the Committee shall determine, which may include procedures for cashless exercise.

6.5. Term and Vesting of Options. Each Option Agreement shall provide the vesting schedule for the Option as determined by the Committee. To the extent permitted under Applicable Law, the Committee shall have the authority to determine the vesting schedule and accelerate the vesting of any outstanding Option at such time and under such circumstances as it, in its sole discretion, deems appropriate. Unless otherwise resolved by the Committee and stated in the Option Agreement, and subject to Sections ‎6.6 and ‎6.7 hereof, Options shall vest and become exercisable under the following schedule: twenty-five percent (25%) of the Shares covered by the Option, on the first anniversary of the date on which such Option is granted, provided that the Grantee remains continuously employed by or in the service of the Company or its Subsidiary or Affiliate for that one year, and six and one-quarter percent (6.25%) of the Shares covered by the Option at the end of each subsequent quarter, provided that the Grantee remains continuously employed by or in the service of the Company or its Subsidiary or Affiliate for that quarter, over the course of the following three (3) years of continued employment by or service for the Company or its Subsidiary or Affiliate. The Option Agreement may contain performance goals and measurements, and the provisions with respect to any Option need not be the same as the provisions with respect to any other Option.  The Exercise Period of an Option will be 10 years from the date of grant of the Option unless otherwise determined by the Committee, but subject to the vesting provisions described above and the early termination provisions set forth in Sections ‎6.6 and ‎6.7 hereof; provided, however, that in the case of an Incentive Stock Option granted to a Ten Percent Shareholder, such Exercise Period shall not exceed five (5) years from the date of grant of such Option. At the expiration of the Exercise Period, all unexercised Options shall become null and void.

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6.6. Termination.

6.6.1. Except as provided in this Section ‎6.6 and in Section ‎6.7 hereof, an Option may not be exercised unless the Grantee is then in the employ of or maintaining a director, officer, consultant, advisor or supplier relationship with the Company or a Subsidiary or Affiliate thereof or, in the case of an Incentive Stock Option, a company or a parent or subsidiary company of such company issuing or assuming the Option in a transaction to which Section 424(a) of the Code applies, and unless the Grantee has remained continuously so employed or in the director, officer, supplier, consultant, or advisor relationship since the date of grant of the Option. In the event that the employment or director, officer or consultant, advisor or supplier relationship of a Grantee shall terminate (other than by reason of death, Disability or Retirement), all Options of such Grantee that are vested and exercisable at the time of such termination may, unless earlier terminated in accordance with their terms, be exercised within up to three (3) months after the date of such termination (or such different period as the Committee shall prescribe); provided, however, that if the Company (or the Subsidiary or Affiliate, when applicable) shall terminate the Grantee’s employment or service for Cause (as defined below) or if, whether or not the Grantee’s employment is terminated by either party, circumstances arise or are discovered with respect to the Grantee that would have constituted Cause for termination of his or her employment or service, all Options theretofore granted to such Grantee (whether vested or not) shall, to the extent not theretofore exercised, terminate on the date of such termination (or on which such circumstances arise or are discovered, as the case may be) unless otherwise determined by the Committee.

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6.6.2. In the case of a Grantee whose principal employer is a Subsidiary or Affiliate, the Grantee’s employment shall also be deemed terminated for purposes of this Section ‎6.6 as of the date on which such principal employer ceases to be such Subsidiary or Affiliate. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, the Committee, in its absolute discretion may, on such terms and conditions as it may determine appropriate, extend the periods for which the Options held by any individual may continue to vest and be exercisable; provided, that such Options may lose their status as Incentive Stock Options under applicable law and be deemed Nonqualified Stock Options as a result of the modification of the Option to extend the exercise period and/or in the event that the Option is exercised beyond the later of: (i) three (3) months after the date of termination of the employment relationship ; or (ii) the applicable period under Section ‎6.7 below with respect to a termination of the employment relationship because of the death, Disability or Retirement of Grantee.

6.6.3. For purposes of this Plan, the term “Cause” shall mean any of the following: (a) fraud, embezzlement or felony or similar act by the Grantee; (b) an act of moral turpitude by the Grantee, or any act that causes significant injury to the reputation, business, assets, operations or business relationship of the Company (or a Subsidiary or Affiliate, when applicable); (c) any material breach by the Grantee of an agreement between the Company or any Subsidiary or Affiliate and the Grantee (including material breach of confidentiality, non-competition or non-solicitation covenants) or of any duty of the Grantee to the Company or any Subsidiary or Affiliate thereof; or (d) any circumstances that constitute grounds for termination for cause under the Grantee’s employment, consulting or service agreement with the Company or Subsidiary or Affiliate, to the extent applicable.

6.7. Death, Disability or Retirement of Grantee. If a Grantee shall die while employed by, or performing service for, the Company or a Subsidiary, or within the three (3) month period after the date of termination of such Grantee's employment or service (or within such different period as the Committee may have provided pursuant to Section ‎6.6 hereof), or if the Grantee's employment or service shall terminate by reason of Disability, all Options theretofore granted to such Grantee may (to the extent otherwise vested and exercisable and unless earlier terminated in accordance with their terms), be exercised by the Grantee or by the Grantee's estate or by a person who acquired the right to exercise such Options by bequest or inheritance or otherwise by result of death or Disability of the Grantee, at any time within one (1) year after the death or Disability of the Grantee (or such different period as the Committee shall prescribe). In the event that an Option granted hereunder shall be exercised by the legal representatives of a deceased or former Grantee, written notice of such exercise shall be accompanied by a certified copy of letters testamentary or equivalent proof of the right of such legal representative to exercise such Option. In the event that the employment or service of a Grantee shall terminate on account of such Grantee's Retirement, all Options of such Grantee that are exercisable at the time of such Retirement may, unless earlier terminated in accordance with their terms, be exercised at any time within the three (3) month period after the date of such Retirement (or such different period as the Committee shall prescribe).

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6.8. Suspension of Vesting. Unless the Board of Directors or the Committee provides otherwise, vesting of Options granted hereunder shall be suspended during any unpaid leave of absence, other than in the case of any (a) leave of absence which was pre-approved by the Company for purposes of continuing the vesting of Options, or (b) transfers between locations of the Company or between the Company, any Affiliate, or any respective successor thereof.

6.9. Voting Proxy.  Until immediately after the listing for trading on a stock exchange or market or trading system of the Company’s (or the Successor Corporation’s) shares, the right to vote any Shares acquired under this Plan pursuant to an Award shall, unless otherwise determined by the Committee, be given by the Grantee or the Trustee (if so requested from the Trustee and agreed by the Trustee), as the case may be, pursuant to an irrevocable proxy, to the person or persons designated by the Board. All Awards granted hereunder shall be conditioned upon the execution of such irrevocable proxy. So long as any such Shares are held by a Trustee (and unless a proxy was given by the Trustee as aforesaid), such Shares shall be voted by the Trustee, and unless the Trustee is directed otherwise by the Board, such Shares shall be voted in the same proportion as the result of the shareholder vote at the shareholders meeting or written consent in respect of which the Shares held by the Trustee are being voted. Any irrevocable proxy granted pursuant hereto shall be of no force or effect immediately after the listing for trading on a stock exchange or market or trading system of the Company’s (or the Successor Corporation’s) Shares.

6.10. Other Provisions. The Option Agreement evidencing Awards under the Plan shall contain such other terms and conditions not inconsistent with the Plan as the Committee may determine, at or after the date of grant, including without limitation, provisions in connection with the restrictions on transferring the Awards, which shall be binding upon the Grantees and other terms and conditions as the Committee shall deem appropriate.

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6.11. Israeli Index Base for 102 Awards. Each 102 Award will be subject to the Israeli index base of the Value of Benefit, as defined in Section 102(a) of the Ordinance, as determined by the Committee in its discretion, pursuant to the Rules, from time to time. In the event that the Company effects a public offering of its shares in any stock exchange outside of Israel, the Committee may amend retroactively the Israeli index base, pursuant to the Rules, without the Grantee’s consent.

6.12. Securities Law Restrictions. Except as otherwise provided in the applicable Option Agreement or other agreement between the Service Provider and the Company, if the exercise of an Option following the termination of the Service Provider’s employment or service (other than for Cause) would be prohibited at any time solely because the issuance of Shares would violate the registration requirements under the Securities Act, then the Option shall terminate on the earlier of (i) the expiration of a period of three (3) months after the termination of the Service Provider’s employment or service during which the exercise of the Option would not be in violation of such registration requirements, or (ii) the expiration of the term of the Option as set forth in the Option Agreement.  In addition, unless otherwise provided in a Participant’s Option Agreement, if the sale of any Shares received upon exercise of an Option following the termination of the Service Provider’s employment or service (other than for Cause) would violate the Company’s insider trading policy, then the Option shall terminate on the earlier of (i) the expiration of a period equal to the applicable post-termination exercise period after the termination of the Service Provider’s employment or service during which the exercise of the Option would not be in violation of the Company’s insider trading policy, or (ii) the expiration of the term of the Option as set forth in the applicable Option Agreement.

7. NONQUALIFIED STOCK OPTIONS.

Options granted pursuant to this Section ‎7 are intended to constitute Nonqualified Stock Options and shall be subject to the general terms and conditions specified in Section ‎6 hereof and other provisions of the Plan, except for any provisions of the Plan applying to Options under different tax laws or regulations.  Nonqualified Stock Options may not be granted to Service Providers who are providing services only to a “parent” of the Company, as such term is defined in Rule 405 of Regulation C under the Securities Act, unless the Shares underlying such Awards are treated as “service recipient stock” under Section 409A of the Code because the Awards are granted pursuant to a corporate transaction (such as a spin off transaction) or unless such Awards comply with the distribution requirements of Section 409A of the Code.

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8. INCENTIVE STOCK OPTIONS.

Options granted pursuant to this Section ‎8 are intended to constitute Incentive Stock Options and shall be granted subject to the following special terms and conditions, the general terms and conditions specified in Section ‎6 hereof and other provisions of the Plan, except for any provisions of the Plan applying to Options under different tax laws or regulations:

8.1. Eligibility for Awards.  Incentive Stock Options may be granted only to Employees of the Company, or to Employees of a Parent or Subsidiary corporation thereof (as such terms are defined in Sections 424(e) and 424(f) of the Code).

8.2. Value of Shares. The aggregate Fair Market Value (determined as of the date the Incentive Stock Option is granted) of the Shares with respect to which all Incentive Stock Options granted under this Plan and all other option plans of any Parent or Subsidiary corporation become exercisable for the first time by each Grantee during any calendar year shall not exceed one hundred thousand United States dollars ($100,000) with respect to such Grantee.  To the extent that the aggregate Fair Market Value of Shares with respect to which the Incentive Stock Options are exercisable for the first time by any Grantee during any calendar years exceeds one hundred thousand United States dollars ($100,000), such Options shall be treated as Nonqualified Stock Options.  The foregoing shall be applied by taking Options into account in the order in which they were granted, with the Fair Market Value of any Share to be determined at the time of the grant of the Option.  In the event that the foregoing results in the portion of an Incentive Stock Option exceeding the one hundred thousand United States dollars ($100,000) limitation, only such excess shall be treated as a Nonqualified Stock Option.

8.3. Ten Percent Shareholder. In the case of an Incentive Stock Option granted to a Ten Percent Shareholder, (i) the Exercise Price shall not be less than one hundred and ten percent (110%) of the Fair Market Value of the Shares on the date of grant of such Incentive Stock Option, and (ii) the Exercise Period shall not exceed five (5) years from the date of grant of such Incentive Stock Option.

8.4. Incentive Stock Option Lock-Up Period.No disposition of Shares received pursuant to the exercise of Incentive Stock Options (“ISO Shares”), shall be made by the Grantee within 2 years from the date of grant, nor within 1 year after the transfer of such ISO Shares to the Grantee. To the extent that the Grantee violates the aforementioned limitations, the Incentive Stock Options shall be deemed to be Nonqualified Stock Options.

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8.5. Approval.The status of any ISO Shares shall be subject to approval of the Plan by the Company’s shareholders, such approval to be provided 12 months before or after the date of adoption of the Plan by the Board of Directors.

8.6. Exercise Following Termination.Notwithstanding anything else in this Plan to the contrary, Incentive Stock Options that are not exercised within three (3) months  following termination of a Grantee’s employment in the Company or its Parent or Subsidiary corporations, or within one year in case of termination of Grantee’s employment in the Company or its Parent or Subsidiary corporations due to a Disability (within the meaning of section 22(e)(3) of the Code), shall be deemed to be Nonqualified Stock Options.

8.7. Adjustments to Incentive Stock Options.Any Option Agreement providing for the grant of Incentive Stock Options shall indicate that adjustments made pursuant to the Plan with respect to Incentive Stock Options could constitute a “modification” of such Incentive Stock Options (as that term is defined in Section 424(h) of the Code) or could cause adverse tax consequences for the holder of such Incentive Stock Options and that the holder should consult with his or her tax advisor regarding theconsequences of such “modification” on his or her income tax treatment with respect to the Incentive Stock Option.

8.8. Notice to Company of Disqualifying Disposition.Each Grantee who receives an Incentive Stock Option must agree to notify the Company in writing immediately after the Grantee makes a Disqualifying Disposition of any ISO Shares. A “Disqualifying Disposition” is any disposition (including any sale) of such ISO Shares before the later of (i) two years after the date the Grantee was granted the Incentive Stock Option, or (ii) one year after the date the Grantee acquired Shares by exercising the Incentive Stock Option. If the Grantee dies before such ISO Shares are sold, these holding period requirements do not apply and no disposition of the ISO Shares will be deemed a Disqualifying Disposition.

9. 102 OPTION AWARDS.

9.1. Options granted pursuant to this Section ‎9 are intended to be granted pursuant to Section 102 of the Ordinancepursuant to either (a) Section 102(b)(2) thereof as capital gains track options (“102 Capital Gains Track Options”), or (b) Section 102(b)(1) thereof as ordinary income track options (“102 Ordinary Income Track Options”, and together with 102 Capital Gains Track Options, “102 Trustee Options”).  102 Trustee Options shall be granted subject to the following special terms and conditions contained in this Section ‎9, the general terms and conditions specified in Section ‎6 hereof and other provisions of the Plan, except for any provisions of the Plan applying to Options under different tax laws or regulations.

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9.2. The Company may grant only one type of 102 Trustee Option at any given time to all Grantees who are to be granted 102 Trustee Options pursuant to this Plan, and shall file an election with the ITA regarding the type of 102 Trustee Option it elects to grant before the date of grant of any 102 Trustee Options (the “Election”). Such Election shall also apply to any bonus shares received by any Grantee as a result of holding the 102 Trustee Options. The Company may change the type of 102 Trustee Option that it elects to grant only after the passage of at least 12 months from the end of the year in which the first grant was made in accordance with the previous Election, or as otherwise provided by Applicable Law. Any Election shall not prevent the Company from granting Options pursuant to Section 102(c) of the Ordinance without a Trustee (“102 Non-Trustee Options”).

9.3. Each 102 Trustee Option will be deemed granted on the date stated in a written notice to be provided by the Company, provided that on or before such date (i) the Company has provided such notice to the Trustee and (ii) the Grantee has signed all documents required pursuant to Applicable Law and under the Plan.

9.4. Each 102 Trustee Option, each Share issued pursuant to the exercise of any 102 Trustee Option, and any rights granted thereunder, including, without limitation, bonus shares, shall be allotted and issued to and registered in the name of the Trustee and shall be held in trust for the benefit of the Grantee for a period of not less than the requisite period prescribed by the Ordinance and the Rules or such longer period as set by the Committee (the “Required Holding Period”). In the event that the requirements under Section 102 to qualify an Option as a 102 Trustee Option are not met, then the Option may be treated as a 102 Non-Trustee Option, all in accordance with the provisions of Section 102 and the Rules.  After termination of the Required Holding Period, the Trustee may release such 102 Trustee Option and any such Shares, provided that (i) the Trustee has received an acknowledgment from the ITA that the Grantee has paid any applicable taxes due pursuant to the Ordinance or (ii) the Trustee and/or the Company and/or its Affiliate withholds any applicable taxes due pursuant to the Ordinance arising from the 102 Trustee Options and/or any Shares allotted or issued upon exercise of such 102 Trustee Options. The Trustee shall not release any 102 Trustee Options or Shares issued upon exercise thereof prior to the payment in full of the Grantee’s tax liabilities arising from such 102 Trustee Options and/or Shares or the withholding referred to in (ii) above.

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9.5. Each 102 Trustee Option shall be subject to the relevant terms of the Ordinance and the Rules, which shall be deemed an integral part of the 102 Trustee Option and shall prevail over any term contained in the Plan or Option Agreement that is not consistent therewith. Any provision of the Ordinance, the Rules and any approvals by the Income Tax Commissioner not expressly specified in this Plan or an Option Agreement that, as determined by the Committee, are necessary to receive or maintain any tax benefit pursuant to Section 102 shall be binding on the Grantee. Each Grantee granted a 102 Trustee Option shall comply with the Ordinance and the terms and conditions of the Trust Agreement entered into between the Company and the Trustee. Each Grantee agrees to execute any and all documents that the Company and/or its Affiliates and/or the Trustee may reasonably determine to be necessary in order to comply with the Ordinance and the Rules.

9.6. During the Required Holding Period, each Grantee shall not release from trust or sell, assign, transfer or give as collateral, the Shares issuable upon the exercise of a 102 Trustee Option and/or any securities issued or distributed with respect thereto, until the expiration of the Required Holding Period. Notwithstanding the above, if any such sale or release occurs during the Required Holding Period it will result in adverse tax consequences to the Grantee under Section 102 of the Ordinance and the Rules, which shall apply to and shall be borne solely by such Grantee. Subject to the foregoing, the Trustee may, pursuant to a written request from a Grantee, release and transfer such Shares to a designated third party, provided that both of the following conditions have been fulfilled prior to such release or transfer: (i) payment has been made to the ITA of all taxes required to be paid upon the release and transfer of the Shares, and confirmation of such payment has been received by the Trustee; and (ii) the Trustee has received written confirmation from the Company that all requirements for such release and transfer have been fulfilled according to the terms of the Company’s corporate documents, the Plan, the relevant Option Agreement and any Applicable Law.

9.7. If a 102 Trustee Option is exercised during the Required Holding Period, the Shares issued upon such exercise shall be issued in the name of the Trustee for the benefit of the Grantee. If such 102 Trustee Option is exercised after the expiration of the Required Holding Period, the Shares issued upon such exercise shall, at the election of the Grantee, either (i) be issued in the name of the Trustee, or (ii) be issued to the Grantee, provided that the Grantee first complies with all applicable provisions of the Plan and all taxes with respect thereto shall have been fully paid to the ITA.

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9.8. The foregoing provisions of this Section ‎9 relating to 102 Trustee Options shall not apply with respect to 102 Non-Trustee Options, which shall, however, be subject to the relevant provisions of Section 102 and the Rules.

9.9. Upon receipt of a 102 Trustee Option, a Grantee will sign an undertaking to release the Trustee from any liability with respect to any action or decision duly taken and executed in good faith by the Trustee in relation to the Plan, or any 102 Trustee Option or Share granted to such Grantee thereunder.

10. 3(9) OPTION AWARD.

10.1. Options granted pursuant to this Section ‎10 are intended to constitute 3(9) Option Awards and shall be granted subject to the general terms and conditions specified in Section ‎6 hereof and other provisions of the Plan, except for any provisions of the Plan applying to Options under different tax laws or regulations.

10.2. To the extent required by the Ordinance or the ITA or otherwise deemed by the Committee prudent or advisable, 3(9) Option Awards granted pursuant to the Plan shall be issued to a Trustee nominated by the Committee in accordance with the provisions of the Ordinance.  In such event, the Trustee shall hold such Options in trust, until exercised by the Grantee, pursuant to the Company's instructions from time to time as set forth in a trust agreement, which will be entered into between the Company and the Trustee.  If determined by the Board or the Committee, and subject to such trust agreement, the Trustee shall be responsible for withholding any taxes for which a Grantee may become liable upon the exercise of Options.

11. RESTRICTED SHARES.

The Committee may award Restricted Shares to any eligible Grantee, including under Section 102 of the Ordinance. Each Award of Restricted Shares under the Plan shall be evidenced by a written agreement between the Company and the Grantee (a “Restricted Share Agreement”), in such form as the Committee shall from time to time approve. Each Restricted Share Agreement shall comply with and be subject to the following terms and conditions, unless otherwise specifically provided in such Agreement:

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11.1. Number of Shares. Each Restricted Share Agreement shall state the number of Shares covered by an Award.

11.2. Purchase Price. Each Restricted Share Agreement may state a purchase price amount to be paid by the Grantee, if any, in consideration for the issuance of Restricted Shares and the terms of payment thereof, which may include payment by issuance of promissory notes or other evidence of indebtedness on such terms and conditions as determined by the Committee.

11.3. Vesting. Each Restricted Share Agreement shall provide the vesting schedule for Restricted Shares as determined by the Committee, provided that (to the extent permitted under Applicable Law) the Committee shall have the authority to determine the vesting schedule and accelerate the vesting of any outstanding Restricted Share at such time and under such circumstances as it, in its sole discretion, deems appropriate. Unless otherwise resolved by the Committee and stated in a Restricted Share Agreement, Restricted Shares shall vest according to the same vesting schedule as is set forth in Section ‎6.5 hereof.

11.4. Restrictions. Restricted Shares may not be sold, assigned, transferred, pledged, hypothecated or otherwise disposed of, except by will or the laws of descent and distribution, for such period as the Committee shall determine from the date on which an Award is granted (a “Restricted Period”).  The Committee may also impose such additional or alternative restrictions and conditions on Restricted Shares as it deems appropriate, including the satisfaction of performance criteria. Such performance criteria may include, but are not limited to, sales, earnings before interest and taxes, return on investment, earnings per share, any combination of the foregoing or rate of growth of any of the foregoing, as determined by the Committee. Certificates for shares issued pursuant to Restricted Share Awards shall bear an appropriate legend referring to such restrictions, and any attempt to dispose of any such shares in contravention of such restrictions shall be null and void and without effect.  Such certificates may, if so determined by the Committee, be held in escrow by an escrow agent appointed by the Committee, or, if a Restricted Share Award is made pursuant to Section 102, by the Trustee. In determining the Restricted Period of an Award, the Committee may provide that the foregoing restrictions shall lapse with respect to specified percentages of the awarded Restricted Shares on successive anniversaries of the date of such Award. To the extent required by the Ordinance or the ITA, Restricted Shares issued pursuant to Section 102 of the Ordinance shall be issued to the Trustee in accordance with the provisions of the Ordinance and shall be held for the benefit of the Grantee for such period as may be required by the Ordinance.

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11.5. Adjustment of Performance Goals. The Committee may adjust performance goals to take into account changes in law and accounting and tax rules and to make such adjustments as the Committee deems necessary or appropriate to reflect the inclusion or the exclusion of the impact of extraordinary or unusual items, events or circumstances.  The Committee also may adjust the performance goals by reducing the amount to be received by any Grantee pursuant to an Award if and to the extent that the Committee deems it appropriate.

11.6. Forfeiture. Subject to such exceptions as may be determined by the Committee, if a Grantee's continuous employment with the Company or any Subsidiary or Affiliate shall terminate for any reason prior to the expiration of the vesting date or Restricted Period of an Award or prior to the payment in full of the purchase price for any Restricted Shares with respect to which the vesting date or the Restricted Period has expired, any Shares remaining subject to vesting or restrictions or with respect to which the purchase price has not been paid in full, shall thereupon be forfeited and shall be deemed transferred to, and reacquired by, or cancelled by, as the case may be, the Company or a Subsidiary at no cost to the Company or Subsidiary, subject to all Applicable Laws. Upon forfeiture of Restricted Shares, the Grantee shall have no further rights with respect to such Restricted Shares.

11.7. Ownership. During a Restricted Period, a Grantee shall possess all incidents of ownership of Restricted Shares, subject to Sections ‎6.9 and ‎11.4, including the right to vote and receive dividends with respect to such Shares.  All distributions, if any, received by a Grantee with respect to Restricted Shares as a result of any stock split, stock dividend, combination of shares, or other similar transaction shall be subject to the restrictions applicable to the original Award.

12. RESTRICTED SHARE UNITS.

12.1. An RSU is an Award covering a number of Shares that is settled by issuance of those Shares. An RSU may be awarded to any eligible Grantee, including under Section 102 of the Ordinance.  Each grant of RSUs under the Plan shall be evidenced by a written agreement between the Company and the Grantee (the “Restricted Share Unit Agreement”), in such form as the Committee shall from time to time approve. RSUs shall be subject to all applicable terms of the Plan and may be subject to any other terms that are not inconsistent with the Plan. The provisions of various Restricted Share Unit Agreements entered into under the Plan need not be identical. RSUs may be granted in consideration of a reduction in the recipient’s other compensation.

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12.2. Other than the par value of the Shares, no payment of cash shall be required as consideration for RSUs. RSUs may or may not be subject to vesting. Vesting shall occur, in full or in installments, upon satisfaction of the conditions specified in the relevant Restricted Share Unit Agreement.

12.3. Without limitation of Section ‎6.9, no voting or dividend rights as a shareholder shall exist prior to the actual issuance of Shares in the name of a Grantee.  Notwithstanding anything else in this Plan (as may be amended from time to time) to the contrary, unless otherwise specified by the Committee, each RSU shall be for a term of seven (7) years. Each Restricted Share Unit Agreement shall specify its term and any conditions on the time or times for settlement, and provide for expiration prior to the end of its term in the event of termination of employment or service providing to the Company, and may provide for earlier settlement in the event of a Grantee’s death, Disability or other events.

12.4. Settlement of vested RSUs shall be made in the form of Shares. Distribution to a Grantee of an amount (or amounts) from settlement of vested RSUs can be deferred to a date after settlement as determined by the Committee. The amount of a deferred distribution may be increased by an interest factor or by dividend equivalents. Until a grant of RSUs is settled, the number of such RSUs shall be subject to adjustment pursuant hereto.

12.5. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth herein, any RSUs granted under the Plan that are not exempt from the requirements of Section 409A of the Code shall contain such restrictions or other provisions so that such RSUs will comply with the requirements of Section 409A of the Code.  Such restrictions, if any, shall be determined by the Board and contained in the Restricted Share Unit Agreement evidencing such RSU Award.  For example, such restrictions may include, without limitation, a requirement that any Shares that are to be issued in a year following the year in which the RSU Award vests must be issued in accordance with a fixed, pre-determined schedule.

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13. OTHER SHARE OR SHARE-BASED AWARDS.

The Committee may grant other Awards under the Plan pursuant to which Shares (which may, but need not, be Restricted Shares pursuant to Section ‎11 hereof), cash or a combination thereof, are or may in the future be acquired or received, or Awards denominated in stock units, including units valued on the basis of measures other than market value. The Committee may also grant stock appreciation rights without the grant of an accompanying Option, which rights shall permit the Grantees to receive, at the time of any exercise of such rights, cash equal to the amount by which the Fair Market Value of all Shares in respect of which the right was granted exceeds the exercise price thereof. The Committee may grant to Grantees (including Employees), and it is hereby deemed to be an Award under the terms of the Plan,  the opportunity to purchase Shares of the Company in connection with any public offerings of the Company’s securities. Such other Share based Awards may be granted alone, in addition to, or in tandem with, any Award of any type granted under the Plan and must be consistent with the purposes of the Plan.

14. EFFECT OF CERTAIN CHANGES.

14.1. General. In the event of a subdivision of the outstanding share capital of the Company, any payment of a stock dividend (distribution of bonus shares), a recapitalization, a reorganization (which may include a combination or exchange of shares), a consolidation, a stock split, a reverse stock split, a spin-off or other corporate divestiture or division, a reclassification or other similar occurrence, the Committee shall make such adjustments as determined by it to be appropriate in order to adjust (i) the number of Shares available for grants of Awards, (ii) the number of Shares covered by outstanding Awards, and (iii) the exercise price per Share covered by any Award; provided, however, that any fractional Shares resulting from such adjustment shall be rounded down to the nearest whole Share, and the Company shall have no obligation to make any cash or other payment with respect to such fractional Shares.

14.2. Merger and Sale of Company.  In the event of (i) a sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company; or (ii) a sale (including an exchange) of all or substantially all of the shares of the Company, or an acquisition by a shareholder of the Company or by an Affiliate of such shareholder, of all of the shares of the Company held by other shareholders or by other shareholders who are not Affiliated with such acquiring party; (iii) a merger, consolidation, amalgamation or like transaction of the Company with or into another corporation; (iv) a scheme or arrangement for the purpose of effecting such sale, merger or amalgamation; or (v) such other transaction or set of circumstances that is determined by the Committee, in its discretion, to be a transaction having a similar effect (all such transactions being herein referred to as a “Merger/Sale”), then, without the Grantee’s consent and action and without any prior notice requirement:

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14.2.1. Unless otherwise determined by the Committee in its sole and absolute discretion, any Award then outstanding shall be assumed or an equivalent Award shall be substituted by such successor corporation of the Merger/Sale or any Parent or Affiliate thereof as determined by the Board in its discretion (the “Successor Corporation”), under substantially the same terms as the Award.

For the purposes of this Section ‎14.2.1, the Award shall be considered assumed if, following a Merger/Sale, the Award confers on the holder thereof the right to purchase or receive, for each Share underlying an Award immediately prior to the Merger/Sale, either (i) the consideration (whether stock, cash, or other securities or property) distributed to or received by holders of Shares in the Merger/Sale for each Share held on the effective date of the Merger/Sale (and if holders were offered a choice of consideration, the type of consideration chosen by the holders of a majority of the outstanding Shares), which may be subject to vesting  and other terms as determined by the Committee in its discretion, or (ii) regardless of the consideration received by the holders of Shares in the Merger/Sale, solely shares (or their equivalent) of the Successor Corporation at a value to be determined by the Committee in its discretion, which may be subject to vesting  and other terms as determined by the Committee in its discretion. The foregoing shall not limit the Committee's authority to determine, in its sole discretion, that in lieu of such assumption or substitution of awards of the Successor Corporation for Awards, any other type of asset or property will be substituted for an Award, including under Section ‎14.2.2 hereunder.

14.2.2. In the event that Awards are not assumed or substituted for by equivalent awards, the Committee may (but shall not be obligated to), in lieu of such assumption of, or substitution for, an Award, and in its sole discretion, (i) provide for a Grantee to have the right to exercise an Award, or otherwise accelerate vesting of an Award, as to all or part of the Shares covered thereby, including Shares covered by the Award which would not otherwise be exercisable or vested, under such terms and conditions as the Committee shall determine, including the cancellation of all unexercised Awards upon closing of the Merger/Sale; and/or (ii) provide for the cancellation of each outstanding Award at the closing of such Merger/Sale, and payment to the Grantee of an amount in cash as determined by the Committee to be fair under the circumstances (with full authority to determine the method for making such determination, which may be the Black-Scholes model or any other method, and which determination shall be conclusive and binding on all parties, and which may be zero if the value of the Shares underlying an Option is determined to be less than the Exercise Price therefor), and subject to such terms and conditions as may be determined by the Committee.  Payments under this provision may be delayed to the same extent that payment of consideration to the holders of the Company’s Shares in connection with the Merger/Sale is delayed as a result of escrows, earn outs, holdbacks or any other contingencies.

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14.2.3. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event of a Merger/Sale, the Committee may determine, in its sole discretion, that upon completion of such Merger/Sale, the terms of any Award shall be otherwise amended, modified or terminated, as the Committee shall deem in good faith to be appropriate, and if an Option Award, that the Option Award shall confer the right to purchase or receive any other security or asset, or any combination thereof, or that its terms be otherwise amended, modified or terminated, as the Committee shall deem in good faith to be appropriate. Neither the authorities and powers of the Committee under this Section ‎14.2, nor the exercise or implementation thereof, shall (i) be restricted or limited in any way by any adverse consequences (tax or otherwise) that may result to any holder of an Award, and (ii) as, inter alia, being a feature of the Award upon its grant, be deemed to constitute a change or an amendment of the rights of such holder under this Plan, nor shall any such adverse consequences (as well as any adverse tax consequences that may result from any tax ruling or other approval or determination of any relevant tax authority) be deemed to constitute a change or an amendment of the rights of such holder under this Plan.

14.2.4. The Committee need not take the same action with respect to all Awards or with respect to all Service Providers.  The Committee may take different actions with respect to the vested and unvested portions of an Award.

14.3. Reservation of Rights. Except as expressly provided in this Section ‎14, the Grantee of an Award hereunder shall have no rights by reason of any subdivision or consolidation of shares of any class or the payment of any stock dividend (bonus shares), any other increase or decrease in the number of shares of any class or by reason of any dissolution, liquidation, Merger/Sale, or consolidation, divestiture or spin-off of assets or shares of another company. Any issue by the Company of shares of any class, or securities convertible into shares of stock of any class, shall not affect, and no adjustment by reason thereof shall be made with respect to, the number, type or price of shares subject to an Award.  The grant of an Award pursuant to the Plan shall not affect in any way the right or power of the Company to make adjustments, reclassifications, reorganizations or changes to its capital or business structures or to merge, consolidate, dissolve, liquidate, sell or transfer all or part of its business or assets or engage in any similar transactions.

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15. NON-TRANSFERABILITY OF AWARDS; SURVIVING BENEFICIARY.

15.1. All Awards granted under the Plan shall not be transferable otherwise than by will or by the laws of descent and distribution, unless otherwise determined by the Board or under this Plan, provided that with respect to Shares issued upon exercise of Options, the restrictions on transfer shall be the restrictions referred to in Section ‎16 (Conditions Upon Issuance of Shares) hereof.  Awards may be exercised or otherwise realized, during the lifetime of a Grantee, only by the Grantee or by his or her guardian or legal representative, to the extent provided herein. Any transfer of an Award not permitted hereunder (including transfers pursuant to any decree of divorce, dissolution or separate maintenance, any property settlement, separation agreement or any other agreement with a spouse) and any grant of any interest in any Award to, or creation in any way of any interest in any Award by, any party other than a Grantee shall be null and void and shall not confer upon any party or person, other than the Grantee, any rights. A Grantee may file with the Committee a written designation of a beneficiary on such form as may be prescribed by the Committee and may, from time to time, amend or revoke such designation. If no designated beneficiary survives the Grantee, the executor or administrator of the Grantee's estate shall be deemed to be the Grantee's beneficiary. Notwithstanding the foregoing, upon the request of a Grantee and subject to Applicable Law, the Committee, at its sole discretion, may permit the Grantee to transfer an Award to a family trust.

15.2. As long as Shares are held by a Trustee in favor of a Grantee, all rights possessed by the Grantee over the Shares are personal, and may not be transferred, assigned, pledged or mortgaged, other than by will or laws of descent and distribution.

16. CONDITIONS UPON ISSUANCE OF SHARES

16.1. Legal Compliance.  Shares shall not be issued pursuant to the exercise or settlement of an Award, unless the exercise or settlement of such Award and the issuance and delivery of such Shares shall comply with Applicable Laws as determined by counsel to the Company. The inability of the Company to obtain authority from any regulatory body having jurisdiction, which authority is deemed by the Company’s counsel to be necessary for the lawful issuance and sale of any Shares hereunder, and the inability to issue Shares hereunder due to non-compliance with any Company policies with respect to the sale of Shares, shall relieve the Company of any liability in respect of the failure to issue or sell such Shares as to which such requisite authority or compliance shall not have been obtained or achieved. Shares issued pursuant to an Award shall be subject to the Articles of Association of the Company and any other governing documents of the Company, including all policies, manuals and internal regulations adopted by the Company from time to time, as may be amended from time to time, including, without limitation, any provisions included therein concerning restrictions or limitations on transferability of Shares or grant of any rights with respect thereto and any provisions concerning restrictions on the use of inside information and other provisions deemed by the Company to be appropriate in order to ensure compliance with Applicable Law, statutes and regulations.

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16.2. Investment Representations.  As a condition to the exercise of an Award, the Company may require the person exercising such Award to represent and warrant at the time of any such exercise that the Shares are being purchased only for investment and without any present intention to sell or distribute such Shares, and to make other representations as may be required under applicable securities laws, if, in the opinion of counsel for the Company, such representations are required, all in form and content specified by the Company.

17. MARKET STAND-OFF

17.1. In connection with any underwritten public offering by the Company of its equity securities pursuant to an effective registration statement filed under the Securities Act or equivalent law in another jurisdiction, a Grantee shall not directly or indirectly, without the prior written consent of the Company or its underwriters, (i) lend, offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any Shares acquired under this Plan or any securities of the Company (whether or not acquired under this Plan), or (ii) enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the Shares acquired under this Plan, whether any such transaction described in clause (i) or (ii) above is to be settled by delivery of Shares acquired under this Plan or such other securities, in cash or otherwise. Such restriction (the “Market Stand-Off”) shall be in effect for such period of time following the effective date of the registration statement relating to such offering as may be requested by the Company or such underwriters, provided, however, that in any event, such period shall not exceed 90 days following the effective date of such registration statement.

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17.2. In the event of a subdivision of the outstanding share capital of the Company, the declaration and payment of a stock dividend (distribution of bonus shares), the declaration and payment of an extraordinary dividend payable in a form other than stock, a recapitalization, reorganization (which may include a combination or exchange of shares or a similar transaction affecting the Company’s outstanding securities without receipt of consideration), a consolidation, stock split, spin-off or other corporate divestiture or division, a reclassification or other similar occurrence, an adjustment in conversion ratio, any new, substituted or additional securities which are by reason of such transaction distributed with respect to any Shares subject to the Market Stand-Off, or into which such Shares thereby become convertible, shall immediately be subject to the Market Stand-Off.

17.3. In order to enforce the Market Stand-Off, the Company may impose stop-transfer instructions with respect to the Shares acquired under this Plan until the end of the applicable stand-off period.

17.4. The underwriters in connection with a registration statement so filed are intended to be third party beneficiaries of this Section ‎‎17 and shall have the right, power and authority to enforce the provisions hereof as though they were a party hereto.

18. AGREEMENT BY GRANTEE REGARDING TAXES.

18.1. If the Committee shall so require, as a condition of exercise of an Award, the release of Shares by the Trustee or the expiration of the Restricted Period, a Grantee shall agree that, no later than the date of such occurrence, he or she will pay to the Company or make arrangements satisfactory to the Committee and the Trustee (if applicable) regarding payment of any applicable taxes of any kind required by Applicable Law to be withheld or paid.

18.2. Each Option Agreement, Restricted Share Agreement, and Restricted Share Unit Agreement and each other agreement in connection with an Award under the Plan shall contain the following agreement and acknowledgment of the Grantee:

ALL TAX CONSEQUENCES UNDER ANY APPLICABLE LAW WHICH MAY ARISE FROM THE GRANT OF ANY AWARDS OR THE EXERCISE THEREOF, THE SALE OR DISPOSITION OF ANY SHARES GRANTED HEREUNDER OR ISSUED UPON EXERCISE OF ANY AWARD OR FROM ANY OTHER ACTION OF A GRANTEE IN CONNECTION WITH THE FOREGOING SHALL BE BORNE AND PAID SOLELY BY SUCH GRANTEE, AND THE GRANTEE SHALL INDEMNIFY THE COMPANY, ITS SUBSIDIARIES AND AFFILIATES AND THE TRUSTEE, AND SHALL HOLD THEM HARMLESS AGAINST AND FROM ANY LIABILITY FOR ANY SUCH TAX OR PENALTY, INTEREST OR INDEXATION THEREON. EACH GRANTEE AGREES TO, AND UNDERTAKES TO COMPLY WITH, ANY RULING, SETTLEMENT, CLOSING AGREEMENT OR OTHER SIMILAR AGREEMENT OR ARRANGEMENT WITH ANY TAX AUTHORITY IN CONNECTION WITH THE FOREGOING WHICH IS APPROVED BY THE COMPANY.

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EACH GRANTEE IS ADVISED TO CONSULT WITH A TAX ADVISOR WITH RESPECT TO THE TAX CONSEQUENCES OF RECEIVING OR EXERCISING AWARDS HEREUNDER. THE COMPANY DOES NOT ASSUME ANY RESPONSIBILITY TO ADVISE A GRANTEE ON SUCH MATTERS, WHICH SHALL REMAIN SOLELY THE RESPONSIBILITY OF SUCH GRANTEE.

18.3. The Company or any Subsidiary or Affiliate may take such action as it may deem necessary or appropriate, in its discretion, for the purpose of or in connection with withholding of any taxes which the Company or any Subsidiary or Affiliate is required by any Applicable Law to withhold in connection with any Awards (collectively, “Withholding Obligations”). Such actions may include, without limitation, (i) requiring a Grantee to remit to the Company in cash an amount sufficient to satisfy such Withholding Obligations; (ii) subject to Applicable Law, allowing a Grantee to surrender Shares to the Company, in an amount that at such time, reflects a value that the Committee determines to be sufficient to satisfy such Withholding Obligations; (iii) withholding Shares otherwise issuable upon the exercise of an Award at a value which is determined by the Committee to be sufficient to satisfy such Withholding Obligations; or (iv) any combination of the foregoing. The Company shall not be obligated to allow the exercise of any Award by or on behalf of a Grantee until all tax consequences arising from the exercise of such Award are resolved in a manner acceptable to the Company.

18.4. Each Grantee shall notify the Company in writing promptly and in any event within ten (10) days after the date on which such Grantee first obtains knowledge of any tax bureau inquiry, audit, assertion, determination, investigation, or question relating in any manner to the Awards granted or received hereunder or Shares issued hereunder and shall continuously inform the Company of any developments, proceedings, discussions and negotiations relating to such matter, and shall allow the Company and its representatives to participate in any proceedings and discussions concerning such matters.  Upon request, a Grantee shall provide to the Company any information or document relating to any matter described in the preceding sentence, which the Company, in its discretion, requires.

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18.5. With respect to 102 Non-Trustee Options, if a Grantee ceases to be employed by the Company or any Affiliate, the Grantee shall extend to the Company and/or its Affiliate with whom the Grantee is employed a security or guarantee for the payment of taxes due at the time of sale of Shares, all in accordance with the provisions of Section 102 of the Ordinance and the Rules.

19. RIGHTS AS A SHAREHOLDER; VOTING AND DIVIDENDS.

19.1. Subject to Section ‎11.7, a Grantee shall have no rights as a shareholder of the Company with respect to any Shares covered by an Award until the Grantee shall have exercised the Award (in the case of an Option or similar Award), paid the exercise price (to the extent applicable) and become the record holder of the subject Shares.  In the case of 102 Option Awards or 3(9) Option Awards (if such Options are being held by a Trustee), the Trustee shall have no rights as a shareholder of the Company with respect to the Shares covered by such Award until the Trustee becomes the record holder of such Shares for the Grantee’s benefit, and the Grantee shall have no rights as a shareholder of the Company with respect to the Shares covered by the Award until the date of the release of such Shares from the Trustee to the Grantee and the transfer of record ownership of such Shares to the Grantee. No adjustment shall be made for dividends (ordinary or extraordinary, whether in cash, securities or other property) or distribution of other rights for which the record date is prior to the date on which the Grantee or Trustee (as applicable) becomes the record holder of the Shares covered by an Award, except as provided in Section ‎14 hereof.

19.2. With respect to all Awards issued in the form of Shares hereunder or upon the exercise of Awards hereunder, any and all voting rights attached to such Shares shall be subject to Section ‎6.9, and the Grantee shall be entitled to receive dividends distributed with respect to such Shares, subject to the provisions of the Company’s Articles of Association, as amended from time to time, and subject to any Applicable Law.

19.3. The Company may, but shall not be obligated to, register or qualify the sale of Shares under any applicable securities law or any other applicable law.

20. NO REPRESENTATION BY COMPANY.

By granting Awards, the Company is not, and shall not be deemed as, making any representation or warranties to a Grantee regarding the Company, its business affairs, its prospects or the future value of its Shares.

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21. NO RETENTION RIGHTS.

Nothing in the Plan or in any Award granted or agreement entered into pursuant hereto shall confer upon any Grantee the right to continue in the employ of, or be in a consultant, advisor, director, officer or supplier relationship with, the Company or any Subsidiary or Affiliate or to be entitled to any remuneration or benefits not set forth in the Plan or such agreement or to interfere with or limit in any way the right of the Company or any such Subsidiary or Affiliate to terminate such Grantee's employment or service. Awards granted under the Plan shall not be affected by any change in duties or position of a Grantee as long as such Grantee continues to be employed by, or be in a consultant, advisor, director, officer or supplier relationship with, the Company or any Subsidiary or Affiliate.

22. PERIOD DURING WHICH AWARDS MAY BE GRANTED.

Awards may be granted pursuant to the Plan from time to time within a period of ten (10) years from the Effective Date. From and after the tenth (10th) anniversary of the Effective Date no grants of Awards may be made and the Plan shall continue to be in full force and effect solely with respect to such Awards that remain outstanding. The Plan shall terminate at such time after the tenth (10th) anniversary of the Effective Date as no Awards remain outstanding.

23. TERMOFAWARD

Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding, but without derogating from the provisions of Sections ‎6.6, ‎6.7 or ‎8.3 hereof, if any Award, or any part thereof, has not been exercised and the Shares covered thereby not paid for within the term of the Award as determined by the Committee, which in any event shall not exceed ten (10) years after the date on which the Award was granted, as set forth in the Notice of Grant in the Grantee’s Award, such Award, or such part thereof, and the right to acquire such Shares, shall terminate, and all interests and rights of the Grantee in and to the same shall expire. In the case of Shares held by a Trustee, the Grantee shall elect whether to release such Shares from trust or sell the Shares and upon such release or sale such trust shall expire.

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24. AMENDMENT AN TERMINATION OF THE PLAN.

The Board at any time and from time to time may suspend, terminate, modify or amend the Plan, whether retroactively or prospectively; provided, however, that, unless otherwise determined by the Board, an amendment which requires shareholder approval in order for the Plan to continue to comply with any Applicable Law shall not be effective unless approved by the requisite vote of shareholders, and provided further, that except as provided herein, no suspension, termination, modification or amendment of the Plan may adversely affect any Award previously granted, without the written consent of Grantees holding a majority in interest of the Awards so affected, and in the event that such consent is obtained, all Awards so affected shall be deemed amended, and the holders thereof shall be bound, as set forth in such consent.

25. APPROVAL.

25.1. The Plan shall take effect upon its adoption by the Board (the “Effective Date”), except that solely with respect to grants of Incentive Stock Options the Plan shall also be subject to approval within one year of the Effective Date, by a majority of the votes cast on the proposal at a meeting or a written consent of shareholders.  Failure to obtain approval by the shareholders shall not in any way derogate from the valid and binding effect of any grant of an Award that is not an Incentive Stock Option. Upon approval of the Plan by the shareholders of the Company as set forth above, all Incentive Stock Options granted under the Plan on or after the Effective Date shall be fully effective as if the shareholders of the Company had approved the Plan on the Effective Date.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that approval of the Plan by the shareholders of the Company is required under Applicable Law, in connection with the application of certain tax treatment or pursuant to applicable stock exchange rules or regulations or otherwise, such approval shall be obtained within the time required under the Applicable Law.

25.2. The 102 Awards are subject to the approval, if required, of the ITA and receipt by the Company of all approvals thereof.

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26. RULES PARTICULAR TO SPECIFIC COUNTRIES; SECTION 409A

Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the terms and conditions of the Plan may be amended with respect to a particular country by means of an appendix to the Plan, and to the extent that the terms and conditions set forth in any appendix conflict with any provisions of the Plan, the provisions of the appendix shall govern. Terms and conditions set forth in the Appendix shall apply only to Awards granted to Grantees under the jurisdiction of the specific country that is the subject of the appendix and shall not apply to Awards issued to Grantees not under the jurisdiction of such country. The adoption of any such appendix shall be subject to the approval of the Board or Committee, and if required in connection with the application of certain tax treatment, pursuant to applicable stock exchange rules or regulations, or otherwise, also the approval of the requisite majority of the shareholders of the Company. To the extent applicable, the Plan and any agreement hereunder shall be interpreted in accordance with Section 409A of the Code. Notwithstanding any provision of the Plan to the contrary, in the event that, following the Effective Date, the Board determines that any Award may be subject to Section 409A of the Code, the Board may adopt such amendments to the Plan and to the relevant agreement governing the Award or adopt other policies and procedures (including amendments, policies and procedures with retroactive effect), or take any other actions, that the Board determines are necessary or appropriate to (a) exempt the Award from Section 409A of the Code and/or preserve the intended tax treatment of the benefits provided with respect to the Award or (b) comply with the requirements of Section 409A of the Code.

27. GOVERNING LAW; JURISDICTION.

The Plan and all determinations made and actions taken pursuant hereto shall be governed by the laws of the State of Israel, except with respect to matters that are subject to tax laws, regulations and rules in any specific jurisdiction, which shall be governed by the respective laws, regulations and rules of such jurisdiction. Certain definitions, which refer to laws other than the laws of such jurisdiction, shall be construed in accordance with such other laws.  The courts of competent jurisdiction located in Tel-Aviv-Jaffa, Israel shall have exclusive jurisdiction over any dispute arising out of or in connection with this Plan and any Award granted hereunder, and by signing any agreement relating to an Award hereunder each Grantee irrevocably submits to such exclusive jurisdiction.

28. NON-EXCLUSIVITY OF THE PLAN.

Neither the adoption of the Plan by the Board nor the submission of the Plan to shareholders of the Company for approval (to the extent required under Applicable Law), shall be construed as creating any limitations on the power or authority of the Board to adopt such other or additional incentive or other compensation arrangements of whatever nature as the Board may deem necessary or desirable or preclude or limit the continuation of any other plan, practice or arrangement for the payment of compensation or fringe benefits to employees generally, or to any class or group of employees, which the Company or any Subsidiary now has lawfully put into effect, including, without limitation, any retirement, pension, savings and stock purchase plan, insurance, death and disability benefits and executive short-term or long-term incentive plans.

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29. MISCELLANEOUS.

29.1. Additional Terms. Each Award awarded under the Plan may contain such other terms and conditions not inconsistent with the Plan as may be determined by the Committee, in its sole discretion.

29.2. Severability. If any provision of the Plan or any Option Agreement, Restricted Share Agreement, Restricted Share Unit Agreement or any other agreement entered into in connection with an Award shall be determined to be illegal or unenforceable by any court of law in any jurisdiction, the remaining provisions hereof and thereof shall be severable and enforceable in accordance with their terms, and all provisions shall remain enforceable in any other jurisdiction.  In addition, if any particular provision contained in the Plan or any Option Agreement, Restricted Share Agreement, Restricted Share Unit Agreement or any other agreement entered into in connection with an Award shall for any reason be held to be excessively broad as to duration, geographic scope, activity or subject, it shall be construed by limiting and reducing such provision as to such characteristic so that the provision is enforceable to fullest extent compatible with the Applicable Law as it shall then appear.

29.3. Captions and Titles. The use of captions and titles in this Plan or any Option Agreement, Restricted Share Agreement Restricted Share Unit Agreement or any other agreement entered into in connection with an Award is for the convenience of reference only and shall not affect the meaning of any provision of the Plan or such agreement.

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EX-8

Exhibit 8.

List of Subsidiaries

Jacada, Inc., incorporated under the laws of Delaware, and a wholly owned subsidiary of Jacada Ltd.

Jacada (Europe) Limited, organized under the laws of England, and a wholly owned subsidiary of Jacada Ltd.

Jacada Deutschland GmbH, organized under the laws of Germany, and a wholly owned subsidiary of Jacada (Europe) Limited.

EX-12.1

Exhibit 12.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

RULE 13a-14(a)/RULE 15d-14(a) UNDER

THE EXCHANGE ACT

I, Gideon Hollander, certify that:

1.  I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Jacada Ltd.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The company's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15(d)-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the company and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the company's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The company's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the company's auditors and the audit committee of the company's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: April 30, 2013

By:	/s/ Gideon Hollander
	Gideon Hollander
	Co- Chief Executive Officer

EX-12.2

Exhibit 12.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

RULE 13a-14(a)/RULE 15d-14(a) UNDER

THE EXCHANGE ACT

I, Caroline Cronin, certify that:

1.  I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Jacada Ltd.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The company's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15(d)-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the company and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the company's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The company's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the company's auditors and the audit committee of the company's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: April 30, 2013

By:	/s/ Caroline Cronin
	Caroline Cronin
	Chief Financial Officer

EX-13.1

Exhibit 13.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Annual Report on Form 20-F of Jacada Ltd. (the “Company”) for the year ended December 31, 2012 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), the undersigned, Gideon Hollander, Co-Chief Executive Officer of the Company, and Caroline Cronin, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, do hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of our knowledge:

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: April 30, 2013

By:

           /s/Gideon Hollander

Gideon Hollander

Co-Chief Executive Officer

           /s/ Caroline Cronin

Caroline Cronin

Chief Financial Officer

EX-14.1

EXHIBIT 14.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-8 (Registration Nos. 333-111303, 333-34420 and 333-73650), pertaining to the Jacada Ltd. 2003 Share Option and Incentive Plan and the Jacada Ltd. 1999 Share Option and Incentive Plan, of our report dated April 30, 2013 with respect to the consolidated financial statements of Jacada Ltd. and its subsidiaries included in this Annual Report (Form 20-F) for the year ended December 31, 2012.

	/s/ KOST, FORER, GABBAY and KASIERER
Tel-Aviv, Israel	KOST, FORER, GABBAY and KASIERER
April 30, 2013	A member of Ernst & Young Global

XML

DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (Narrative) (Details) (USD $) In Thousands, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Ineffective portion of the change in fair value of a cash flow hedge	$ 5
Notional amount	1,761
Unrealized losses, net of tax, to be reclassified in next 12 months	88
Unrealized gain (loss) from hedge derivatives	166	(151)	34
Derivative assets	88
Cost Of Maintenance [Member]
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Increase (decrease) in gains recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) on derivative (effective portion)	2
Research And Development Sales [Member]
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Increase (decrease) in gains recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) on derivative (effective portion)	43
Marketing Expense [Member]
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Increase (decrease) in gains recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) on derivative (effective portion)	25
General and Administrative Expense [Member]
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Increase (decrease) in gains recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) on derivative (effective portion)	$ 16

XML

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION AND MAJOR CUSTOMER DATA (Long-lived Assets) (Details) (USD $) In Thousands, unless otherwise specified	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Property and Equipment	$ 560	$ 633
North America [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Property and Equipment	400	311
Israel [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Property and Equipment	158	301
Other [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Property and Equipment	$ 2	$ 21

XML

SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (Options Issued to Consultants) (Details) (USD $) In Thousands, except Share data, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Options outstanding	604,710	469,864
Exercise price per share	$ 1.47
Stock-based compensation	$ (2)	$ 33	$ 330
2004 To Consultants [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Options outstanding	7,500
Exercise price per share	$ 11.76
Number of options exercisable	7,500
Options exercisable through	2014
Stock-based compensation			$ 2

XML

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION AND MAJOR CUSTOMER DATA (Major customers) (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Customer A [Member]
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Percentage of total revenue from customer	22.00%	38.00%	30.00%
Customer B [Member]
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Percentage of total revenue from customer	18.00%	1.00%
Customer C [Member]
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Percentage of total revenue from customer	10.00%	9.00%	6.00%
Customer D [Member]
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Percentage of total revenue from customer	6.00%	12.00%
Customer E [Member]
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Percentage of total revenue from customer	3.00%	9.00%	14.00%

XML

SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (Option Activity) (Details) (USD $) In Thousands, except Share data, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010	Dec. 31, 2012
Number of options
Outstanding at the beginning of the year	469,864
Granted	338,473
Forfeited	203,627
Outstanding at the end of the year	604,710	469,864
Exercisable options at end of year	225,023
Vested and expected-to-vest at end of year	472,596
Weighted-average exercise price
Outstanding at the beginning of the year	$ 9.45
Granted	$ 1.47
Forfeited	$ 9.21
Outstanding at the end of the year	$ 5.07	$ 9.45
Exercisable options at end of year	$ 10.70
Vested and expected-to-vest at end of year	$ 6.09
Weighted-average remaining conractual term (in years)
Weighted- average remaining contractual term	4 years 8 months 19 days	3 years 9 months 7 days
Exercisable options at end of year	1 year 9 months 11 days
Vested and expected-to-vest at end of year	4 years 1 month 6 days
Aggregate intrinsic value, balance
Total intrinsic value of stock options exercised			$ 23
Weighted-average estimated grant date fair value	$ 0.69	$ 1.14	$ 2.10

XML

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Useful Lives of Assets) (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012
Motor Vehicles [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	17 years
Leasehold Improvements [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	Over the shorter of the related lease period (including option terms) or the life of the asset
Minimum [Member] | Computers and peripheral equipment [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	10 years
Minimum [Member] | Office furniture and equipment [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	6 years
Maximum [Member] | Computers and peripheral equipment [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	33 years
Maximum [Member] | Office furniture and equipment [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, estimated useful life	15 years

XML

SUPPLEMENTARY DATA ON SELECTED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (Change in Allowance for Doubtful Accounts) (Details) (USD $) In Thousands, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
SUPPLEMENTARY DATA ON SELECTED STATEMENTS OF INCOME [Abstract]
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Receivable
Provision (recovery) for doubtful accounts			$ (3)

XML

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES [Abstract]

Schedule of Future Minimum Payments under Operating Leases

The Company's facilities are leased under various operating lease agreements, which expire on various dates, the latest of which is in 2018. Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases as of December 31, 2012 are as follows:

2013	$	357
2014		456
2015		272
2016		214
2017		220
2018		37
	$	1,556

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TAXES ON INCOME (Deferred Tax Assets) (Details) (USD $) In Thousands, unless otherwise specified	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011
Deferred tax assets:
Operating loss carryforward	$ 11,862	$ 10,628
Reserves and allowances	1,622	1,270
Total deferred tax asset before valuation allowance	13,484	11,898
Valuation allowance	(13,484)	(11,898)
Net deferred tax assets

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DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (Schedule of Change in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) of Unrealized Gains on Foreign Currency Cash Flow Hedge) (Details) (USD $) In Thousands, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012
DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS [Abstract]
Other comprehensive loss from unrealized gains on foreign currency cash flow hedge, beginning balance	$ (78)
Reclassification to earnings of realized loss on foreign currency cash flow hedge	86
Unrealized net gain on foreign currency cash flow hedge	80
Other comprehensive income from unrealized gains on foreign currency cash flow hedge, ending balance	$ 88

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ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER LIABILITIES (Details) (USD $) In Thousands, unless otherwise specified	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011
ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER LIABILITIES [Abstract]
Employees and payroll accruals	$ 1,160	$ 948
Accrued expenses	443	522
Accrued Liabilities, Current, Total	$ 1,603	$ 1,470

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TAXES ON INCOME (Components of Income Tax) (Details) (USD $) In Thousands, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
TAXES ON INCOME [Abstract]
Domestic
Foreign	55	62	49
Current Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Total	$ 55	$ 62	$ 49

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SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (Allocation of Stock-Based Compensation) (Details) (USD $) In Thousands, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	$ (2)	$ 33	$ 330
Cost of Sales [Member]
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	22	(24)	31
Research and Development Expense [Member]
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	5	10	(4)
Selling and Marketing Expense [Member]
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	20	21	(21)
General and Administrative Expense [Member]
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	$ (49)	$ 26	$ 324

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SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES [Abstract]

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

NOTE 2:- SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP").

a. Use of estimates:

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. The Company's management believes that the estimates, judgments and assumptions used are reasonable based upon information available at the time they are made. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The most significant assumptions are employed in estimates used in determining values associated with revenue recognition, tax positions, and stock-based compensation costs. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

b. Financial statements in U.S. dollars:

The currency of the primary economic environment in which the operations of Jacada and certain subsidiaries are conducted is the U.S. dollar ("dollar"); thus, the dollar is the functional currency of Jacada and certain subsidiaries.

Jacada and certain subsidiaries' transactions and balances denominated in dollars are presented at their original amounts. Non-dollar transactions and balances have been remeasured to dollars in accordance with ASC 830, "Foreign Currency Matters". All transaction gains and losses from remeasurement of monetary balance sheet items denominated in non-dollar currencies are reflected in the statements of operations as financial income or expenses, as appropriate.

For those subsidiaries whose functional currency has been determined to be their local currency, assets and liabilities are translated at year-end exchange rates and statement of income items are translated at average exchange rates prevailing during the year. Such translation adjustments are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income in shareholders' equity.

c. Principles of consolidation:

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Jacada and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation.

d. Cash equivalents:

Cash equivalents are short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to cash with original maturities of three months or less at acquisition.

e. Investments in marketable securities:

The Company accounts for investments in marketable securities in accordance with Accounting Standard Codification 320, "Investments - Debt and Equity Securities" ("ASC 320").

Management determines the appropriate classification of its investments at the time of purchase and reevaluates such determinations at each balance sheet date.

The Company classifies all of its securities as available-for-sale. Available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value, with the unrealized gains and losses, reported in accumulated other comprehensive income in shareholders' equity. The amortized cost of debt marketable securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity. Such amortization and accretion are included in financial income, net.

Interest on securities is included in financial income, net. Gains and losses are recognized when realized, on a specific identification basis, in the Company's consolidated statements of operations.

The Company's securities are reviewed for impairment in accordance with the impairment model in ASC 320-10-65-1, "Recognition and Presentation of Other-Than-Temporary Impairments".

Under the impairment model, for debt securities, other-than-temporary impairment loss is recognized in earnings if the entity has the intent to sell the debt security, or if it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the debt security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. However, if an entity does not expect to sell a debt security, it still needs to evaluate expected cash flows to be received and determine if a credit loss exists. In the event of a credit loss, only the amount of impairment associated with the credit loss is recognized currently in earnings. Amounts relating to factors other than credit losses are recorded in other comprehensive income.

For equity securities, an entity is required to recognize in earnings all declines in fair value below the cost basis that are considered other than temporary. However, if the entity evaluates that the impairment is not other-than-temporary but does not have the intent and ability to hold the equity security until the anticipated recovery of its cost basis, an impairment loss is recognized in earnings.

The Company reviews various factors in determining whether it should recognize an impairment charge for its marketable securities, including its intent and ability to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient for any anticipated recovery in market value, the length of time and extent to which the fair value has been less than its cost basis, the credit ratings of the securities and the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer.

Based on the Company's consideration of these factors, the Company recorded an other-than-temporary impairment charge of $0, $ 336 and $ 95 to financial expenses in 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively, on several of its equity marketable securities due to a continued decrease in their market value. The gain on sale of marketable securities previously impaired for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 amounted to $ 163, $ 9 and $ 0, respectively.

f. Restricted cash:

Restricted cash is invested in bank deposits, which are pledged in favor of the banks which provide to the Company guarantees with respect to office lease agreements. credit card and hedging transactions.

g. Property and equipment:

Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated by the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets at the following annual rates:

	%
Computers and peripheral equipment	10 - 33
Office furniture and equipment	6 - 15
Motor Vehicles	17
Leasehold improvements	Over the shorter of the related lease period (including option terms) or the life of the asset

h. Impairment of long-lived assets:

The Company's long-lived assets, other than goodwill, are reviewed for impairment in accordance with ASC 360, "Property Plant and Equipment", whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to the future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. In 2012, 2011 and 2010, no impairment losses were identified.

i. Goodwill:

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of businesses acquired over the fair value of the net assets acquired in the acquisition. Under ASC 350, "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other", goodwill is not amortized but instead is tested for impairment at least annually (or more frequently if impairment indicators arise).

ASC 350 prescribes a two-phase process for impairment testing of goodwill. The first phase screens for impairment, while the second phase (if necessary) measures impairment.

In the first phase of impairment testing, goodwill attributable to the reporting units is tested for impairment by comparing the fair value of each reporting unit with its carrying value. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second phase is then performed. The second phase of the goodwill impairment test compares the implied fair value of the reporting unit's goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit's goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of that goodwill, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess.

Goodwill attributable to the Company's single reporting unit as defined under ASC 350 was tested for impairment by comparing its fair value with its carrying value. Fair value was determined using the Company's market capitalization and the discounted cash flows method. In year 2010, the first phase of the goodwill impairment test indicated that the Company's fair value was less than its carrying value. As a result, the Company performed the second phase of the goodwill impairment test, which indicated that the implied fair value of the Company's goodwill was less than the carrying amount of that goodwill.

As a result, the Company fully impaired the goodwill carrying amount and recognized an impairment charge of $ 3,096 in 2010.

j. Research and development costs:

Research and development costs are charged to the statement of operations as incurred. ASC 985-20 "Costs of Software to Be Sold, Leased, or Marketed", requires capitalization of certain software development costs subsequent to the establishment of technological feasibility.

Based on the Company's product development process, technological feasibility is established upon completion of a working model. No material costs are incurred by the Company between the completion of the working model and the point at which the products are ready for general release. Therefore, research and development costs have been expensed as incurred.

k. Income taxes:

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, "Income Taxes". This Statement prescribes the use of the liability method, whereby deferred tax asset and liability account balances are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. The Company provides a valuation allowance, if necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to their estimated realizable value.

The Company implements a two-step approach to recognize and measure uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that, on an evaluation of the technical merits, the tax position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% (cumulative basis) likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement.

As of December 31, 2012 and 2011 there is no provision for uncertain tax benefits.

l. Revenue recognition:

The Company derives its revenue principally from:

· the initial sales of licenses to use the Company's products, including professional services such as customization, implementation and integration services,

· incremental license fees resulting from a customer's increase in agent licenses required,

· post-implementation consulting and integration services for the Company's solutions, and

· the recurring revenue from ongoing support and maintenance, also called post-contract support or PCS, which includes telephone support, bug repairs, and rights to receive upgrades and enhancements to licensed software on a when-and-if-available basis.

Sales of software licenses are recognized when persuasive evidence of an agreement exists, delivery of the product has occurred, the fee is fixed or determinable, and collectability is probable. The Company considers all arrangements with payment terms extending beyond six months from the delivery of the elements, not to be fixed or determinable. If the fee is not fixed or determinable, revenue is recognized as payments become due from the customer, provided that all other revenue recognition criteria have been met.

The Company does not grant a right of return to its customers. In transactions where a customer's contractual terms include a provision for customer acceptance based on customer-specified subjective criteria, or for evaluation purposes, the Company recognizes revenues only when such acceptance has been obtained or as the acceptance provision lapses. However, in transactions where a customer's contractual terms include a provision for customer acceptance based on customer-specified objective criteria, the Company recognizes revenue if it can demonstrate that the delivered product meets the specified criteria prior to customer acceptance.

The Company usually sells its software licenses as part of an overall solution offered to a customer that combines the sale of software licenses with customization, implementation and integration services. In arrangements which include significant customization of software and services, the Company accounts for the services together with the software under contract accounting in accordance with ASC 605-35, "Construction-Type and Production-Type Contracts".

Revenues recognized in accordance with ASC 605-35 are accounted for using the percentage of completion method. The percentage of completion method is used when the required services are quantifiable, based on the estimated number of labor hours necessary to complete the project, and under that method revenues are recognized using labor hours incurred as the measure of progress towards completion. 

Revenue from software that does not require services, including licenses sold subsequent to the initial installation, is recognized upon delivery, assuming all other revenue recognition criteria has been met.

Revenue from post-implementation consulting and integration services is recognized as work is performed.

Maintenance revenue is recognized ratably over the term of the maintenance agreement. Deferred revenues include unearned amounts received under maintenance and support agreements and amounts received from customers, for which revenues have not yet been recognized.

Revenues from software arrangements involving multiple elements, such as software, post-contract customer support and maintenance, consulting and training, are allocated to the different elements in the arrangement under the "residual method" when Vendor Specific Objective Evidence ("VSOE") of fair value exists for all undelivered elements and no VSOE exists for the delivered elements. The residual method of allocation requires an entity to first allocate revenue to the fair value of the undelivered elements (maintenance and other services) and the residual revenue to the delivered element (software licenses). Any discount in the arrangement is allocated to the delivered element.

VSOE of fair value for maintenance and other services is generally determined based on the price charged for the undelivered element when sold separately or where actual maintenance renewals have not yet occurred, VSOE of fair value is based on the stated maintenance renewal rate specified in the contract. The Company's process for establishing VSOE of fair value of maintenance services (PCS) is through performance of VSOE compliance test which is an analysis of the entire population of PCS renewal activity for its installed base of customers. The Company's process for the establishment of VSOE of fair value for professional services is through a performance of an analysis of the entire population of separate sales of services.

The Company accounts for reimbursements received for out-of-pocket expenses incurred, in accordance with ASC 605-45-45, "Reimbursements Received for Out-of-Pocket Expenses Incurred", under which reimbursements received for out-of-pocket expenses incurred should be characterized as revenue in the income statement. The reimbursements received for out-of-pocket expenses for years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 amounted to $ 287, $ 531 and $ 657, respectively.

m. Accounting for stock-based compensation:

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation under ASC 718 "Compensation - Stock Compensation, which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense based on estimated fair values for all stock-based payment awards made to employees and directors. ASC 718 requires companies to estimate the fair value of equity-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as an expense over the requisite service periods in the Company's consolidated statements of operations.

The Company recognizes compensation expenses for the value of its awards based on the accelerated attribution method over the requisite service period of each of the awards, net of estimated forfeitures. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Estimated forfeitures are based on actual historical pre-vesting forfeitures.

The Company has historically not paid dividends and has no foreseeable plans to pay dividends. The Company used its historical stock prices for calculating volatility. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based on the rate of zero-coupon U.S. government securities appropriate for the expected term of the Company's employee stock options. The Company determined the expected life of the options according to the average of the vesting period and the expiration period.

The Company estimates the fair value of stock options awards using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair value for options granted in 2012, 2011 and 2010 was estimated at the date of grant using the following weighted average assumptions:

	2012	2011	2010
Dividend yield	0%	0%	0%
Expected volatility	50%	48%	47%
Risk-free interest	1.16%	1.56%	1.67%
Expected term (years)	5.6	4.5	4.5

n. Advertising expenses:

Advertising expenses are charged to the statements of operations, as incurred. Advertising expenses for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 were $ 161, $ 82 and $ 224, respectively.

o. Severance pay:

The Company's liability for severance pay for its Israeli employees is calculated pursuant to Israel's Severance Pay Law based on the most recent salary of the employees multiplied by the number of years of employment, as of the balance sheet date. Israeli employees are entitled to severance equal to one month's salary for each year of employment or a portion thereof. The Company's liability for its Israeli employees, not under section 14 discussed below, is fully provided by monthly deposits with insurance policies and by an accrual. The value of these policies is recorded as an asset in the Company's balance sheet.

The deposited funds include profits (losses) accumulated up to the balance sheet date. The deposited funds may be withdrawn only upon the fulfillment of the obligation pursuant to Israel's Severance Pay Law or labor agreements. The value of the deposited funds is based on the cash surrendered value of these policies.

Commencing from 2005, new employees of the Company are subject to Section 14 of the Severance Pay Law, under which the payments to the pension funds and insurance companies discharge the Company's obligation to the employees. Accumulated amounts in the pension funds and with the insurance companies are not under the control or administration of the Company, and accordingly, neither those amounts nor the corresponding accrual for severance pay are reflected in the balance sheet. The obligations of the Company, under law and labor agreements, related to termination benefits to employees not covered through section 14 mentioned above, are included in the accrued severance payable.

The severance pay expense for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 amounted to $ 398, $ 264 and $ 576, respectively.

p. Fair value of financial instruments:

The Company applies the provisions of ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures". Under ASC 820, fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., the "exit price") in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

In determining fair value, the Company uses various valuation approaches. ASC 820 establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company's assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances.

The hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the observability of inputs as follows:

 · Level 1 - Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets that the Company has the ability to access. Valuation adjustments and block discounts are not applied to Level 1 instruments. Since valuations are based on quoted prices that are readily and regularly available in an active market, valuation of these products does not entail a significant degree of judgment.

 · Level 2 - Valuations based on one or more quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly.

 · Level 3 - Valuations based on unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity and significant to the overall fair value measurement.

The availability of observable inputs can vary from investment to investment and is affected by a wide variety of factors, including, for example, the type of investment, the liquidity of markets and other characteristics particular to the transaction. To the extent that valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment and the investments are categorized as Level 3.

The carrying amounts of financial instruments carried at cost, including cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, trade receivables, other current assets, trade payables and other liabilities approximate their fair value due to the short-term maturities of such instruments.

q. Derivative instruments:

The Company carries out transactions involving foreign currency exchange derivative financial instruments. The transactions are designed to hedge the Company's exposure in currencies other than the dollar. The Company recognizes derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities and measures those instruments at fair value. If a derivative meets the definition of a hedge and is so designated, changes in the fair value of the derivative are recognized in other comprehensive income until the hedged item is recognized in earnings. The ineffective portion of a derivative designated as a hedge is recognized in earnings. If a derivative does not meet the definition of a hedge, the changes in the fair value are included in earnings.

r. Net earnings (loss) per share:

Basic net loss per share is computed based on the weighted average number of Ordinary shares outstanding during each year. Diluted net loss per share is computed based on the weighted average number of Ordinary shares outstanding during each year, plus potentially dilutive Ordinary shares considered outstanding during the year, in accordance with ASC 260, "Earnings Per Share".

All outstanding stock options have been excluded from the calculation of the diluted net earnings (loss) per share from continuing operations because the securities are anti-dilutive for all periods presented. The total weighted average number of shares related to the outstanding stock options excluded from the calculations of diluted net earnings (loss) per share due to their anti-dilutive effect were 513,691, 484,935 and 648,097 for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

s. Concentrations of credit risk:

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, trade receivables and restricted cash.

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash are invested mainly in U.S. dollars with major banks in the United States, Israel and other international banks. Such cash and cash equivalents in the United States may be in excess of insured limits and are not insured in other jurisdictions. Generally, these investments may be redeemed upon demand and therefore bear minimal risk.

The Company's marketable securities include investments in equity and corporate debentures. The Company's investment policy limits the amount the Company may invest in any one type of issuer, thereby reducing credit risk concentrations.

The Company's trade receivables are mainly derived from sales to customers in North America and Europe. In judging the probability of collection from customers the Company continuously monitors collection and payments based upon the Company's historical experience of its existing customers. In connection with customers with whom the Company does not have previous experience, it evaluates the creditworthiness of those customers. An allowance for doubtful accounts is determined with respect to those amounts that the Company has determined to be doubtful of collection.

t. Treasury shares:

The Company presents the cost to repurchase treasury shares as a reduction of shareholders' equity.

u. Restructuring:

Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations related to one-time termination benefits provided to terminated employees which no longer provide services to the Company are recorded to the statement of operations as incurred in accordance with Accounting Standard Codification 420, "Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations" ("ASC 420").

On August 10, 2010, the Company implemented a global Restructuring Plan (the "2010 Plan") which included a reduction in the Company's work force in order to align the Company's operations and expenses with anticipated near term revenues. These changes resulted in a 15% reduction in workforce worldwide. The Company recorded $ 181 related to one-time termination benefits provided to terminated employees. As of December 31, 2010, all terminated employees no longer provided services to the Company. In addition, the Company incurred a loss on the disposal of property and equipment in the amount of $ 15.

v. Comprehensive income:

The Company accounts for comprehensive income in accordance with ASC 220 "Comprehensive Income". This Statement establishes standards for the reporting and display of comprehensive income and its components in a full set of general purpose financial statements. Comprehensive income generally represents all changes in shareholders' equity during the period except those resulting from investments by, or distributions to, shareholders. The Company determined that its items of comprehensive income relate to gains and losses on hedging derivative instruments and unrealized gains on marketable securities.

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DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (Schedule of Gains (Losses) Reclassified From Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) into Income (Expenses) (Details) (Cash Flow Hedging [Member], USD $) In Thousands, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gains (losses) reclassified from other comprehensive income (loss) into income (expenses) (effective portion)	$ (86)	$ 65	$ 90
Foreign exchange option contracts [Member] | Cost of Sales and Operating Expenses [Member]
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gains (losses) reclassified from other comprehensive income (loss) into income (expenses) (effective portion)	(11)
Foreign exchange option contracts [Member] | Financial expenses [Member]
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gains (losses) reclassified from other comprehensive income (loss) into income (expenses) (effective portion)	(5)
Foreign exchange forward contracts [Member] | Cost of Sales and Operating Expenses [Member]
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Gains (losses) reclassified from other comprehensive income (loss) into income (expenses) (effective portion)	$ (70)	$ 65	$ 90

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TAXES ON INCOME (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

TAXES ON INCOME [Abstract]

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets

Significant components of the Company's deferred tax assets are as follows:

	December 31,
	2012			2011
Deferred tax assets:
Operating loss carryforward	$	11,862		$	10,628
Reserves and allowances		1,622			1,270
Total deferred tax asset before valuation allowance		13,484			11,898
Valuation allowance		(13,484	)		(11,898	)
Net deferred tax assets	$	-		$	-

Schedule of Loss from Operations before Taxes

Loss from before taxes is comprised as follows:

	Year ended December 31,
	2012			2011			2010
Domestic (Israel)	$	(7,598	)	$	(7,843	)	$	(11,403	)
Foreign		1,209			1,107			843
	$	(6,389	)	$	(6,736	)	$	(10,560	)

Schedule of Income Tax Expense

Income tax expense is comprised as follows:

	Year ended December 31,
	2012		2011		2010
Current income tax expenses	$	55	$	62	$	49
	$	55	$	62	$	49
Domestic	$	-	$	-	$	-
Foreign		55		62		49
	$	55	$	62	$	49

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SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY [Abstract]

Stock Option Activity

A summary of the Company's option activity and related information with respect to options granted to employees for the year ended December 31, 2012 is as follows:

	Number of options		Weighted-average exercise price		Weighted- average remaining contractual term (in years)		Aggregate intrinsic value
Outstanding at the beginning of the year		469,864	$	9.45		3.77	$	-
Granted		338,473	$	1.47
Forfeited		203,627	$	9.21
Outstanding at end of year		604,710	$	5.07		4.72		-
Exercisable options at end of year		225,023	$	10.7		1.78		-
Vested and expected-to-vest at end of year		472,596	$	6.09		4.1		-

Schedule of Stock-Based Compensation Expense

Stock-based compensation (gain) expense in respect of options granted to employees amounted to $ (2), $ 33 and $ 330 for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. The following table presents the stock-based compensation included in the line items below in the Company's consolidated statements of operations:

	Year ended December 31,
	2012			2011			2010
Cost of revenues	$	22		$	(24	)	$	31
Research and development		5			10			(4	)
Sales and marketing		20			21			(21	)
General and administrative		(49	)		26			324
Total	$	(2	)	$	33		$	330

Schedule of Outstanding Options to Consultants

The Company's outstanding options to consultants as of December 31, 2012, were as follows:

Grant date	Options for Ordinary shares		Exercise price per share		Options exercisable		Exercisable through
2004		7,500	$	11.76		7,500		2014
		7,500				7,500

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SUPPLEMENTARY DATA ON SELECTED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (Income and Expenses) (Details) (USD $) In Thousands, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Financial income:
Foreign currency translation adjustments		$ 43
Realized gain on marketable securities	689	28	25
Interest and amortization/accretion of premium/discount on marketable securities	7	38	94
Dividend on equity marketable securities	216	260	155
Financial income	912	369	274
Financial expenses:
Other than temporary impairment of marketable securities		(336)	(95)
Bank charges	(33)	(45)	(45)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(23)		(55)
Financial expense	(56)	(381)	(195)
Financial Inome (Expense), Net	$ 856	$ (12)	$ 79

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FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (Details) (USD $) In Thousands, unless otherwise specified	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Foreign currency derivative contracts, assets	$ 88
Foreign currency derivative contracts, liabilities		(78)
Total	5,927	10,598
Equity Securities [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketables securities	5,839	10,116
Corporate Debt Securities [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketables securities		560
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Foreign currency derivative contracts, assets
Foreign currency derivative contracts, liabilities
Total	5,839	10,116
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] | Equity Securities [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketables securities	5,839	10,116
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] | Corporate Debt Securities [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketables securities
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Foreign currency derivative contracts, assets	88
Foreign currency derivative contracts, liabilities		(78)
Total	88	482
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] | Equity Securities [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketables securities
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] | Corporate Debt Securities [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketables securities		560
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Foreign currency derivative contracts, assets
Foreign currency derivative contracts, liabilities
Total
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] | Equity Securities [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketables securities
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] | Corporate Debt Securities [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Marketables securities

XML

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION AND MAJOR CUSTOMER DATA (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION AND MAJOR CUSTOMER DATA [Abstract]

Schedule of Revenues by Geographic Area

The following is a summary of revenues within geographic areas based on the end-customer's location:

	Year ended December 31,
	2012		2011		2010
North America	$	6,229	$	5,883	$	8,948
United Kingdom		2,691		4,991		5,754
Other		1,847		1,512		2,453
	$	10,767	$	12,386	$	17,155

Schedule of Long-Lived Assets by Geographic Area

	December 31,
	2012		2011
Property and Equipment:
North America	$	400	$	311
Israel		158		301
Other		2		21
	$	560	$	633

Percentage of Total Revenues

Major customers' data as a percentage of total revenues:

	Year ended December 31,
	2012			2011			2010
Customer A		22	%		38	%		30	%
Customer B		18	%		1	%		-
Customer C		10	%		9	%		6	%
Customer D		6	%		12	%		-
Customer E		3	%		9	%		14	%

XML

SUPPLEMENTARY DATA ON SELECTED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

SUPPLEMENTARY DATA ON SELECTED STATEMENTS OF INCOME [Abstract]

Supplemental Income Statement

Financial income (expenses), net:

	Year ended December 31,
	2012			2011			2010
Financial income:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	$	-		$	43		$	-
Realized gain on marketable securities		689			28			25
Interest and amortization/accretion of premium/discount on marketable securities		7			38			94
Dividend on equity marketable securities		216			260			155
		912			369			274
Financial expenses:
Other than temporary impairment of marketable securities		-			(336	)		(95	)
Bank charges		(33	)		(45	)		(45	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(23	)		-			(55	)
		(56	)		(381	)		(195	)
	$	856		$	(12	)	$	79

XML

GENERAL

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

GENERAL [Abstract]

GENERAL

NOTE 1:- GENERAL

a. Jacada Ltd. ("Jacada") and its subsidiaries (collectively - "the Company") develop, market and support unified service desktop and process optimization solutions that simplify and automate customer service processes. The Company generates revenues from licensing its software products and from services such as implementation and customization, consulting, training and maintenance and support.

Jacada Ltd.'s wholly-owned subsidiaries include Jacada, Inc., a corporation organized under the laws of the state of Delaware, Jacada (Europe) Limited, a company organized under the laws of England. Jacada (Europe) Limited owns 100% of the stock of Jacada Deutschland GmbH, a limited liability company organized under the laws of Germany. The majority of the Company's sales are made in North America and Europe.

On October 2, 2012, the Company signed an agreement for the sale of Jacada Nordic AB, a company organized under the laws of Sweden, for a nominal amount.

b. As for major customers, see Note 11b.

XML

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Narrative) (Details) (USD $) In Thousands, except Share data, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES [Abstract]
Other than temporary impairment of marketable securities		$ 336	$ 95
Gain on sale of marketable securities previously impaired	163	9
Goodwill impairment			3,096
Reimbursement revenue	287	531	657
Advertising expense	161	82	224
Severance expense	398	264	576
Weighted average number of anti-dilutive shares excluded from the calculation of diluted net earnings	513,691	484,935	648,097
Reduction in workforce			15.00%
Loss on disposition of property			(15)
Termination benefits			$ 181

XML

DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (Schedule of Outstanding Derivative Instruments Qualified as Hedging Instruments) (Details) (USD $) In Thousands, unless otherwise specified	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative assets	$ 88
Derivative liabilities		(78)
Derivatives assets (liabilities), net	88	(78)
Foreign Exchange Option [Member] | Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member] | Other Current Assets [Member]
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative assets	7
Foreign Exchange Option [Member] | Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member] | Other Liabilities [Member]
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative liabilities		(16)
Foreign Exchange Forward [Member] | Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member] | Other Current Assets [Member]
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative assets	81
Foreign Exchange Forward [Member] | Designated as Hedging Instrument [Member] | Other Liabilities [Member]
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Derivative liabilities		$ (62)

XML

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION AND MAJOR CUSTOMER DATA (Revenues) (Details) (USD $) In Thousands, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Net sales	$ 10,767	$ 12,386	$ 17,155
North America [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Net sales	6,229	5,883	8,948
United Kingdom [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Net sales	2,691	4,991	5,754
Other [Member]
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Net sales	$ 1,847	$ 1,512	$ 2,453

XML

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (USD $) In Thousands, unless otherwise specified	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011
CURRENT ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 3,687	$ 2,944
Marketable securities		4,592
Trade receivables	1,710	2,299
Restricted cash	503	487
Prepaid expenses	191	213
Other current assets	523	550
Total current assets	6,614	11,085
LONG-TERM ASSETS:
Marketable securities	5,839	6,084
Severance pay fund	149	196
Other assets	51	65
Property and equipment, net	560	633
Total long-term assets	6,599	6,978
Total assets	13,213	18,063
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Trade payables	1,008	1,607
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	1,603	1,470
Deferred revenues	2,332	738
Total current liabilities	4,943	3,815
LONG-TERM LIABILITIES:
Accrued severance pay	359	400
Other long-term liabilities	168
Total long-term liabilities	527	400
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES (Note 6)
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY:
Share capital - Ordinary shares of NIS 0.04 par value - Authorized: 7,500,000 shares at December 31, 2012 and 2011; Issued: 5,270,930 shares at December 31, 2012 and 2011; Outstanding: 4,159,134 shares at December 31, 2012 and 2011	60	60
Additional paid-in capital	75,860	75,862
Treasury shares at cost - 1,111,796 Ordinary shares at December 31, 2012 and 2011	(17,863)	(17,863)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	1,282	941
Accumulated deficit	(51,596)	(45,152)
Total shareholders' equity	7,743	13,848
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$ 13,213	$ 18,063

XML

SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (Narrative) (Details)
In Thousands, except Share data, unless otherwise specified

12 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2010

Dec. 31, 2008

Dec. 31, 2012

ILS

Dec. 31, 2011

ILS

Nov. 01, 2010

ILS

Oct. 31, 2010

ILS

Dec. 31, 2012

Incentive Share Option Plans [Member]

USD ($)

Dec. 31, 2012

Incentive Share Option Plans [Member]

Minimum [Member]

Dec. 31, 2012

Incentive Share Option Plans [Member]

Maximum [Member]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Shares authorized for issuance

2,465,113

Ordinary shares still available for future grant

1,042,455

Vesting period for plan

2 years

4 years

Expiration period of granted options

7 years

10 years

Unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options

$ 132

Unrecognized compensation cost, recognition period

1 year 5 months 1 day

Stock repurchase program, shares repurchased

1,111,796

Reverse stock split

the Company performed a reverse stock split of the Company's ordinary shares of four (4) for one (1) (i.e., four ordinary shares, NIS 0.01 nominal value each, will be combined into one ordinary share NIS 0.04 nominal value).

Ordinary shares, shares authorized

7,500,000

7,500,000

7,500,000

300,000

Ordinary shares, par value per share

0.04

0.04

0.04

0.01

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (USD $) In Thousands, except Share data	Total	Ordinary Shares [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Treasury Shares at Cost [Member]	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Member]	(Accumulated Deficit) [Member]
Balance at Dec. 31, 2009	$ 30,152	$ 60	$ 75,422	$ (17,863)	$ 278	$ (27,745)
Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2009		4,144,752
Exercise of stock options	75		75
Exercise of stock options, shares		14,382
Stock-based compensation related to options granted to employees and directors	330		330
Stock-based compensation related to options granted to non-employees	2		2
Net loss	(10,609)					(10,609)
Other comprehensive income	209				209
Balance at Dec. 31, 2010	20,159	60	75,829	(17,863)	487	(38,354)
Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2010	5,270,930	4,159,134
Stock-based compensation related to options granted to employees and directors	33		33
Net loss	(6,798)					(6,798)
Other comprehensive income	454				454
Balance at Dec. 31, 2011	13,848	60	75,862	(17,863)	941	(45,152)
Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2011	5,270,930	4,159,134
Stock-based compensation related to options granted to employees and directors	(2)		(2)
Net loss	(6,444)					(6,444)
Other comprehensive income	341				341
Balance at Dec. 31, 2012	$ 7,743	$ 60	$ 75,860	$ (17,863)	$ 1,282	$ (51,596)
Balance, shares at Dec. 31, 2012	5,270,930	4,159,134

XML

MARKETABLE SECURITIES (Investments In Marketable Securities) (Details) (USD $) In Thousands, unless otherwise specified	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Amortized cost	$ 4,804	$ 9,705
Gross unrealized Gains	1,076	1,088
Gross unrealized Losses	(41)	(117)
Fair value	5,839	10,676
Equity Securities [Member]
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Amortized cost	4,804	9,146
Gross unrealized Gains	1,076	1,087
Gross unrealized Losses	(41)	(117)
Fair value	5,839	10,116
Corporate Debt Securities [Member]
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Amortized cost		559
Gross unrealized Gains		1
Gross unrealized Losses
Fair value		$ 560

XML

MARKETABLE SECURITIES (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

MARKETABLE SECURITIES [Abstract]

Schedule of Marketable Securities

The following is a summary of the Company's investment in marketable securities:

	December 31, 2012									December 31, 2011
	Amortized		Gross unrealized		Gross unrealized			Fair		Amortized		Gross unrealized		Gross unrealized			Fair
	cost		Gains		Losses			value		cost		gains		losses			value
Available-for-sale:
Equity securities	$	4,804	$	1,076	$	(41	)	$	5,839	$	9,146	$	1,087	$	(117	)	$	10,116
Corporate debentures		-		-		-			-		559		1		-			560
	$	4,804	$	1,076	$	(41	)	$	5,839	$	9,705	$	1,088	$	(117	)	$	10,676

XML

PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET (Details) (USD $) In Thousands, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment cost	$ 4,259	$ 4,915
Accumulated depreciation	3,699	4,282
Property and equipment, net	560	633
Depreciation cost	351	394	497
Computers and peripheral equipment [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment cost	3,331	3,845
Office furniture and equipment [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment cost	518	601
Motor Vehicles [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment cost	13	13
Leasehold Improvements [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment cost	$ 397	$ 456

XML

ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER LIABILITIES (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER LIABILITIES [Abstract]

Schedule of Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities

	December 31,
	2012		2011
Employees and payroll accruals	$	1,160	$	948
Accrued expenses		443		522
	$	1,603	$	1,470

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (USD $) In Thousands, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$ (6,444)	$ (6,798)	$ (10,609)
Adjustments required to reconcile net loss from continuing operations to net cash used in operating activities from continuing operations:
Depreciation	351	394	497
Goodwill impairment			3,096
Stock-based compensation related to options granted to employees, non-employees and directors	(2)	33	332
Accrued interest and amortization of premium on marketable securities	1	4	149
Loss (gain) on marketable securities	(689)	308	70
Accrued severance pay, net	6	24	(39)
Decrease in trade receivables	698	1,799	868
Decrease in other current assets and prepaid expenses	142	209	840
Increase (decrease) in trade payables	(600)	82	(109)
Increase (decrease) in accrued expenses and other liabilities	173	(167)	(439)
Increase (decrease) in deferred revenues	1,591	(290)	388
Decrease in other long-term liabilities		(44)	(79)
Other	9	14	54
Net cash used in operating activities	(4,764)	(4,432)	(4,981)
Cash flow from investing activities:
Investment in marketable securities			(10,992)
Proceeds from the sale of marketable securities	5,590	1,629	9,711
Purchase of property and equipment	(81)	(177)	(424)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment	1	5	10
Decrease (increase) in restricted cash	(16)	6	64
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	5,494	1,463	(1,631)
Cash flow from financing activities:
Proceeds from exercise of stock options			75
Net cash provided by financing activities			75
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash flows	13	(32)	(142)
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	743	(3,001)	(6,679)
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year	2,944	5,945	12,624
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year	3,687	2,944	5,945
Supplemental disclosure of cash flows activities:
Cash paid during the year for taxes on income	65	78	213
Non-cash investing information:
Investment in leasehold improvements upon accrued expenses and other liabilities	40
Investment in leasehold improvements upon other long-term liabilities	$ 168

XML

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) (ILS)	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS [Abstract]
Ordinary shares, par value per share	0.04	0.04
Ordinary shares, shares authorized	7,500,000	7,500,000
Ordinary shares, shares issued	5,270,930	5,270,930
Ordinary shares, shares outstanding	4,159,134	4,159,134
Treasury shares at cost, shares	1,111,796	1,111,796

XML

TAXES ON INCOME

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

TAXES ON INCOME [Abstract]

TAXES ON INCOME

NOTE 10:- TAXES ON INCOME

a. Tax benefits under the Law for the Encouragement of Capital Investments, 1959 ("the Investment law"):

Various industrial projects of Jacada have been granted "Approved Enterprise" and "Privileged Enterprise" status, which provides certain benefits, including tax exemptions and reduced tax rates. According to the provisions of the Investment Law, the Company's income is tax-exempt for a period of two years commencing with the year it first earns taxable income, and subject to corporate taxes at the reduced rate of 10% to 25%, for an additional period of five to eight years depending upon the level of foreign ownership of the Company. Income not eligible for Approved Enterprise and Privileged Enterprise benefits is taxed at a regular rate.

In the event of distribution of dividends from the said tax-exempt income, the amount distributed will be subject to corporate tax at the rate ordinarily applicable to the Approved Enterprise's and Privileged Enterprise income. The tax-exempt income attributable to the Approved Enterprise programs mentioned above can be distributed to shareholders without subjecting the Company to taxes only upon the complete liquidation of Jacada. Tax-exempt income generated under the Company's Privileged Enterprise program will be subject to taxes upon dividend distribution (which includes the repurchase of the Company's shares) or complete liquidation.

The entitlement to the above benefits is conditional upon the Company's fulfilling the conditions stipulated by the Law and regulations published thereunder. Should the Company fail to meet such requirements in the future, income attributable to its Approved Enterprise and Privileged Enterprise programs could be subject to the statutory Israeli corporate tax rate and the Company could be required to refund a portion of the tax benefits already received, with respect to such programs. As of December 31, 2011, management believes that the Company is in compliance with all the conditions required by the Law.

As the Company currently has no taxable income, these benefits have not yet commenced for all programs since inception.

In January 2011, the Law for Economic Policy for 2011 and 2012 (Amended Legislation) was passed, and among other things, amended the Law, ("the Amendment") effective January 1, 2011. According to the Amendment, the benefit tracks in the Investment Law were modified and a flat tax rate applies to the Company's entire preferred income. The Company will be able to opt to apply (the waiver is non-recourse) the Amendment and from then on it will be subject to the amended tax rates as follows: 2011 and 2012 - 15%, 2013 and 2014 - 12.5% and in 2015 and thereafter - 12%.

b. Tax benefits under the Law for the Encouragement of Industry (Taxation), 1969:

The Company believes it meets all the criteria to be classified as "industrial company", as defined by this law and, as such, is entitled to certain tax benefits, mainly accelerated depreciation of machinery and equipment, as prescribed by regulations published under the Inflationary Adjustments Law, the right to claim public issuance expenses and amortization of intangible property rights as a deduction for tax purposes.

c. Net operating losses carryforward:

As of December 31, 2012, the Company had an Israeli net operating loss carryforward of approximately $ 43,000 which can be carried forward and offset against taxable income with no expiration date.

As of December 31, 2012, the U.S subsidiary had a U.S. net operating loss carryforward for income tax purposes of approximately $ 837. The net operating loss carryforward expires within 10 to 14 years. Utilization of U.S. net operating losses may be subject to substantial annual limitations due to the "change in ownership" provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and similar state provisions. The annual limitation may result in the expiration of net operating losses before utilization.

As of December 31, 2012, the European subsidiaries had net operating losses carryforward for income tax purposes, of approximately $ 2,500 which can be carried forward and offset against taxable income with no expiration date.

d. Theoretical tax:

In 2012, 2011 and 2010, the main reconciling items between the statutory tax rate of the Company and the effective tax rate are the non-recognition of tax benefits from accumulated net operating losses carried forward due to the uncertainty of the realization of such tax benefits and current year adjustments to the full valuation allowance provided on the carryforward tax losses.

e. Deferred income taxes:

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of the Company's deferred tax assets are as follows:

	December 31,
	2012			2011
Deferred tax assets:
Operating loss carryforward	$	11,862		$	10,628
Reserves and allowances		1,622			1,270
Total deferred tax asset before valuation allowance		13,484			11,898
Valuation allowance		(13,484	)		(11,898	)
Net deferred tax assets	$	-		$	-

The Company has provided a full valuation allowances in respect of deferred tax assets resulting from tax loss carryforward and temporary differences. Management currently believes that since the Company has a history of losses it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized in the foreseeable future.

f. Loss from before taxes is comprised as follows:

	Year ended December 31,
	2012			2011			2010
Domestic (Israel)	$	(7,598	)	$	(7,843	)	$	(11,403	)
Foreign		1,209			1,107			843
	$	(6,389	)	$	(6,736	)	$	(10,560	)

g. Corporate tax rates in Israel:

Taxable income of Israeli companies is subject to tax at the rate of 25% in 2010, 24% in 2011 and 25% in 2012 and onwards.

h. Income tax expense is comprised as follows:

	Year ended December 31,
	2012		2011		2010
Current income tax expenses	$	55	$	62	$	49
	$	55	$	62	$	49
Domestic	$	-	$	-	$	-
Foreign		55		62		49
	$	55	$	62	$	49

i. As of December 31, 2012, the Jacada's 2008 tax filling has received final tax assessments.

XML

Document and Entity Information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012
Document And Entity Information [Abstract]
Entity Registrant Name	JACADA LTD
Document Type	20-F
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2012
Entity Central Index Key	0001095747
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2012
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding	4,159,134

XML

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION AND MAJOR CUSTOMER DATA

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION AND MAJOR CUSTOMER DATA [Abstract]

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION AND MAJOR CUSTOMER DATA

NOTE 11:- GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION AND MAJOR CUSTOMER DATA

a. Summary information about geographical areas:

The Company manages its business on a basis of one reportable segment (see Note 1a for a brief description of the Company's business) and follows the requirements of ASC 280 "Segment Reporting".

The following is a summary of revenues within geographic areas based on the end-customer's location:

	Year ended December 31,
	2012		2011		2010
North America	$	6,229	$	5,883	$	8,948
United Kingdom		2,691		4,991		5,754
Other		1,847		1,512		2,453
	$	10,767	$	12,386	$	17,155

	December 31,
	2012		2011
Property and Equipment:
North America	$	400	$	311
Israel		158		301
Other		2		21
	$	560	$	633

b. Major customers' data as a percentage of total revenues:

	Year ended December 31,
	2012			2011			2010
Customer A		22	%		38	%		30	%
Customer B		18	%		1	%		-
Customer C		10	%		9	%		6	%
Customer D		6	%		12	%		-
Customer E		3	%		9	%		14	%

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (USD $) In Thousands, except Share data, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Revenues:
Software licenses	$ 1,111	$ 1,123	$ 1,635
Services	6,867	8,448	13,043
Maintenance	2,789	2,815	2,477
Total revenues	10,767	12,386	17,155
Cost of revenues:
Software licenses	62	93	349
Services	6,018	7,525	10,115
Maintenance	629	758	778
Total cost of revenues	6,709	8,376	11,242
Gross profit	4,058	4,010	5,913
Operating expenses:
Research and development	3,541	2,910	3,478
Sales and marketing	4,787	3,556	4,993
General and administrative	2,975	4,268	4,789
Goodwill impairment			3,096
Restructuring costs			196
Total operating expenses	11,303	10,734	16,552
Operating loss	(7,245)	(6,724)	(10,639)
Financial income (expenses), net	856	(12)	79
Loss before taxes	(6,389)	(6,736)	(10,560)
Income tax expense	55	62	49
Net loss	$ (6,444)	$ (6,798)	$ (10,609)
Basic and diluted net loss per share	$ (1.55)	$ (1.63)	$ (2.55)
Weighted average number of shares used in computing basic and diluted net loss per share	4,159,134	4,159,134	4,158,227

XML

ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER LIABILITIES

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER LIABILITIES [Abstract]

ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER LIABILITIES

NOTE 5:- ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER LIABILITIES

	December 31,
	2012		2011
Employees and payroll accruals	$	1,160	$	948
Accrued expenses		443		522
	$	1,603	$	1,470

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PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET [Abstract]

PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET

NOTE 4:- PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET

	December 31,
	2012		2011
Cost:
Computers and peripheral equipment	$	3,331	$	3,845
Office furniture and equipment		518		601
Motor Vehicles		13		13
Leasehold improvements		397		456
		4,259		4,915
Accumulated depreciation		3,699		4,282
Depreciated cost	$	560	$	633

Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 was $ 351, $ 394 and $ 497, respectively.

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PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET [Abstract]

Schedule of Property and Equipment, Net

	December 31,
	2012		2011
Cost:
Computers and peripheral equipment	$	3,331	$	3,845
Office furniture and equipment		518		601
Motor Vehicles		13		13
Leasehold improvements		397		456
		4,259		4,915
Accumulated depreciation		3,699		4,282
Depreciated cost	$	560	$	633

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SUPPLEMENTARY DATA ON SELECTED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

SUPPLEMENTARY DATA ON SELECTED STATEMENTS OF INCOME [Abstract]

SUPPLEMENTARY DATA ON SELECTED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

NOTE 12:- SUPPLEMENTARY DATA ON SELECTED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

a. Financial income (expenses), net:

	Year ended December 31,
	2012			2011			2010
Financial income:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	$	-		$	43		$	-
Realized gain on marketable securities		689			28			25
Interest and amortization/accretion of premium/discount on marketable securities		7			38			94
Dividend on equity marketable securities		216			260			155
		912			369			274
Financial expenses:
Other than temporary impairment of marketable securities		-			(336	)		(95	)
Bank charges		(33	)		(45	)		(45	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(23	)		-			(55	)
		(56	)		(381	)		(195	)
	$	856		$	(12	)	$	79

b. Allowance for doubtful accounts:

The balance of the allowance for doubtful accounts for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, was $ 0.

There was no change in the allowance for doubtful accounts for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011. The change in the allowance for doubtful accounts for the year ended 2010 was $ 3.

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FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS [Abstract]

FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

NOTE 8:- FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The Company values its marketable securities, using quoted prices in markets that are considered active and not considered active, but for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly. The Company's marketable securities are classified within Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Equity securities are classified as Level 1 and the corporate debentures and marketable securities are classified as Level 2. In accordance with ASC 820, the Company does not adjust the quoted price for such instruments. The types of instruments that trade in markets that are not considered to be active, but are valued based on quoted market prices, broker or dealer quotations, or alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency (Level 2) include corporate debentures and U.S government treasuries.

The Company values its foreign currency derivative contracts using a market approach. Foreign currency derivative contracts are classified within Level 2 as the valuation inputs are based on quoted prices and market observable data of similar instruments.

The following table presents the Company's assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2012 and 2011:

	December 31, 2012
	Fair value measurements using input type
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Marketable securities:
Equity	$	5,839	$	-	$	-	$	5,839
Foreign currency derivative contracts		-		88		-		88
Total	$	5,839	$	88	$	-	$	5,927

	December 31, 2011
	Fair value measurements using input type
	Level 1		Level 2			Level 3		Total
Marketable securities:
Equity	$	10,116	$	-		$	-	$	10,116
Corporate debentures		-		560			-		560
Foreign currency derivative contracts		-		(78	)		-		(78	)
Total	$	10,116	$	482		$	-	$	10,598

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COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES [Abstract]

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

NOTE 6:- COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

Lease commitments:

The Company's facilities are leased under various operating lease agreements, which expire on various dates, the latest of which is in 2018. Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases as of December 31, 2012 are as follows:

2013	$	357
2014		456
2015		272
2016		214
2017		220
2018		37
	$	1,556

Total rent expenses for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 were approximately $ 527, $ 717 and $ 686, respectively.

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DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS [Abstract]

DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

NOTE 7:- DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

In order to reduce the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on its results, the Company enters into foreign currency exchange forward contracts and option strategies to purchase and sell foreign currencies to hedge a significant portion of its anticipated New Israeli Shekel ("NIS") payroll payments. The Company designates these contracts for accounting purposes as cash flow hedges. The Company currently hedges its exposure to the variability in future cash flows for a maximum period of one year.

The effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instruments is initially recorded as a component of other comprehensive income, a separate component of shareholders' equity, and subsequently reclassified into earnings to the same line item as the related forecasted transaction and in the same period or periods during which the hedged exposure affects earnings. As the critical terms of the forward contract or option strategies and the hedged transaction are matched at inception, the hedge effectiveness is assessed generally based on changes in the fair value for cash flow hedges as compared to the changes in the fair value of the cash flows associated with the underlying hedged transactions. Hedge ineffectiveness, if any, are recognized immediately in financial income (expenses), net.

Gain (loss) on the derivative instruments, which partially offset the foreign currency impact from the underlying exposures, reclassified from other comprehensive income into cost of maintenance, research and development, sales and marketing and general and administrative for the year ended December 31, 2012 were $ 2, $ 43, $25 and $ 16, respectively. There was no ineffective portion of the change in fair value of a cash flow hedge for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010. There was $ 5   ineffective portion of the change in fair value of a cash flow hedge for the year ended December 31, 2012.

The Company's derivatives expose it to credit risks from possible non-performance by counterparties. As of December 31, 2012, the Company was not exposed to any loss due to credit risk by counterparties to its derivative financial instruments. The Company has limited its credit risk by entering into derivative transactions exclusively with investment-grade rated financial institutions and monitors the creditworthiness of these financial institutions on an ongoing basis.

The notional amounts of the Company's derivative instruments as of December 31, 2012 amounted to $ 1,761. Notional values are dollar translated and calculated based on forward rates as of December 31, 2012. Gross notional amounts do not quantify risk or represent assets or liabilities of the Company, but are used in the calculation of settlements under the contracts.

As of December 31, 2012, amounts related to derivatives designated as cash flow hedges and recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income totaled $ 88 which will be reclassified into earnings within the next 12 months and will partially offset the foreign currency impact from the underlying exposures. The amount ultimately realized in earnings will likely differ due to future changes in foreign exchange rates. Gains from cash flow hedges recognized in other comprehensive income in the year ended December 31, 2012 amounted to $ 166.

The Company records all derivative instruments on the balance sheet at fair value. The fair value of the open foreign exchange contracts appears on its consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2012, as an asset in other current assets, in the amount of $ 88.

The fair value of the Company's outstanding derivative instruments qualified as hedging instruments at December 31, 2011 and 2012 is summarized below

		December 31,
	Balance sheet location	2012		2011
Assets
Foreign exchange option contracts	Other current assets	$	7		-
Foreign exchange forward contracts			81		-
		$	88		-
Liabilities
Foreign exchange option contracts	Accrued expenses and other liabilities	$	-	$	(16	)
Foreign exchange forward contracts			-		(62	)
		$	-	$	(78	)
Derivatives assets (liabilities), net		$	88	$	(78	)

The effect of derivative instruments in cash flow hedging relationships on the net loss and other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 is summarized below:

	Increase (decrease) in gains recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) on derivative (effective portion)
	Year ended December 31,
	2012		2011			2010
Derivative in cash flow hedging relationship
Foreign exchange option contracts	$	11	$	(16	)	$	-
Foreign exchange forward contracts		69		(70	)		124
	$	80	$	(86	)	$	124

The following is the change in the other comprehensive income (loss) of unrealized gains on foreign currency cash flow hedge during 2012:

	Other comprehensive income (loss)
Other comprehensive loss from unrealized gains on foreign currency cash flow hedge as of January 1, 2012	$	(78	)
Reclassification to earnings of realized loss on foreign currency cash flow hedge		86
Unrealized net gain on foreign currency cash flow hedge		80
Other comprehensive income from unrealized gains on foreign currency cash flow hedge as of December 31, 2012	$	88

		Gains (losses) reclassified from other comprehensive income (loss) into income (expenses)
		Year ended December 31,
	Location in Statement of Operation	2012			2011		2010
Derivative in cash flow hedging relationship
Foreign exchange option contracts	Cost of sales and operating expenses	$	(11	)	$	-	$	-
Foreign exchange forward contracts	Financial expense		(5	)		-		-
Foreign exchange forward contracts	Cost of sales and operating expenses		(70	)		65		90
		$	(86	)	$	65	$	90

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SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY [Abstract]

SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

NOTE 9:- SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

a. General:

Ordinary shares confer upon their holders the right to receive notice to participate and vote in general meetings of the Company, and the right to receive dividends if declared.

On October 9, 2011 the Company voluntarily delisted its shares from trade at the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange.

Since October 1999, the Company's shares had been traded on the NASDAQ Global Market. On October 19, 2012 Company's shares were delisted from the NASDAQ Global Market because the Company failed to comply with the NASDAQ requirement to have a market value of publicly held shares of at least $5 million. Since then the Company's shares are traded in the over-the-counter market in the OTCQB Marketplace.

b. Options issued to employees and directors:

As of December 31, 2012, the Company had three Incentive Share Option Plans (the 1999, 2003 and 2012 plans), which provide for the grant of options to officers, management, employees and key employees, directors, consultants and others of up to 2,465,113 of the Company's Ordinary shares. The options granted generally become fully exercisable after two to four years and expire between 7 to 10 years from the grant date. Any options from 1999, 2003 and 2012 plans that are forfeited or canceled before expiration become available for future grants.

Pursuant to the option plans, the exercise price of options shall be determined by the Company's Board of Directors or the Company's compensation committee but may not be less than the par value of the Ordinary shares.

As of December 31, 2012, an aggregate of 1,042,455 Ordinary shares of the Company were still available for future grant under the Incentive Share Option Plans.

A summary of the Company's option activity and related information with respect to options granted to employees for the year ended December 31, 2012 is as follows:

	Number of options		Weighted-average exercise price		Weighted- average remaining contractual term (in years)		Aggregate intrinsic value
Outstanding at the beginning of the year		469,864	$	9.45		3.77	$	-
Granted		338,473	$	1.47
Forfeited		203,627	$	9.21
Outstanding at end of year		604,710	$	5.07		4.72		-
Exercisable options at end of year		225,023	$	10.7		1.78		-
Vested and expected-to-vest at end of year		472,596	$	6.09		4.1		-

The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised during 2010 was $ 23. No options were exercised during 2011 and 2012.

The weighted-average estimated grant date fair value of employee stock options granted during the years 2012, 2011 and 2010 was $ 0.69, $ 1.14 and $ 2.10, respectively.

Stock-based compensation (gain) expense in respect of options granted to employees amounted to $ (2), $ 33 and $ 330 for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. The following table presents the stock-based compensation included in the line items below in the Company's consolidated statements of operations:

	Year ended December 31,
	2012			2011			2010
Cost of revenues	$	22		$	(24	)	$	31
Research and development		5			10			(4	)
Sales and marketing		20			21			(21	)
General and administrative		(49	)		26			324
Total	$	(2	)	$	33		$	330

c. Options issued to consultants:

The Company's outstanding options to consultants as of December 31, 2012, were as follows:

Grant date	Options for Ordinary shares		Exercise price per share		Options exercisable		Exercisable through
2004		7,500	$	11.76		7,500		2014
		7,500				7,500

Stock-based compensation expense in respect of options granted to non employees amounted to $ 0, $ 0 and $ 2 for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

d. As of December 31, 2012, there was $ 132 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested share-based compensation arrangements granted under the Company's stock option plans. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.42 years.

e. During 2008, the Company purchased a total of 1,111,796 of its Ordinary shares pursuant to a share repurchase program as well as a self tender offer conducted by the Company. Such shares are held by the Company as treasury shares and are presented at cost. Under the Companies Law for so long as such treasury shares are owned by the Company they have no rights and, accordingly, are neither eligible to participate in or receive any future dividends which may be paid to the Company's shareholders nor are they entitled to participate in, be voted at or be counted as part of the quorum for, any meetings of shareholders.

f. In November 2010, the Company performed a reverse stock split of the Company's ordinary shares of four (4) for one (1) (i.e., four ordinary shares, NIS 0.01 nominal value each, will be combined into one ordinary share NIS 0.04 nominal value). All ordinary share and per share data included in these financial statements for all periods presented have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the reverse split. The Company's articles of association were amended and the authorized share capital of the Company is NIS 300,000 divided into 7,500,000 Ordinary shares, par value NIS 0.04 per share.

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SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Weighted Average Assumptions) (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES [Abstract]
Dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Expected volatility	50.00%	48.00%	47.00%
Risk-free interest	1.16%	1.56%	1.67%
Expected term (years)	5 years 7 months 6 days	4 years 6 months	4 years 6 months

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TAXES ON INCOME (Loss from Continuing Operations Before Taxes) (Details) (USD $) In Thousands, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
TAXES ON INCOME [Abstract]
Domestic (Israel)	$ (7,598)	$ (7,843)	$ (11,403)
Foreign	1,209	1,107	843
Loss before taxes	$ (6,389)	$ (6,736)	$ (10,560)

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SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES [Abstract]

Schedule of Estimate Useful Lives

Depreciation is calculated by the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets at the following annual rates:

	%
Computers and peripheral equipment	10 - 33
Office furniture and equipment	6 - 15
Motor Vehicles	17
Leasehold improvements	Over the shorter of the related lease period (including option terms) or the life of the asset

Schedule of Assumptions Used to Estimate Fair Value of Stock Option Award Using Black-Scholes Valuation Model

The Company estimates the fair value of stock options awards using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair value for options granted in 2012, 2011 and 2010 was estimated at the date of grant using the following weighted average assumptions:

	2012	2011	2010
Dividend yield	0%	0%	0%
Expected volatility	50%	48%	47%
Risk-free interest	1.16%	1.56%	1.67%
Expected term (years)	5.6	4.5	4.5

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DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS [Abstract]

Schedule of Fair Value of Outstanding Derivative Instruments

The fair value of the Company's outstanding derivative instruments qualified as hedging instruments at December 31, 2011 and 2012 is summarized below

		December 31,
	Balance sheet location	2012		2011
Assets
Foreign exchange option contracts	Other current assets	$	7		-
Foreign exchange forward contracts			81		-
		$	88		-
Liabilities
Foreign exchange option contracts	Accrued expenses and other liabilities	$	-	$	(16	)
Foreign exchange forward contracts			-		(62	)
		$	-	$	(78	)
Derivatives assets (liabilities), net		$	88	$	(78	)

Schedule of Derivative Instruments and Impact on Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

The effect of derivative instruments in cash flow hedging relationships on the net loss and other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 is summarized below:

	Increase (decrease) in gains recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) on derivative (effective portion)
	Year ended December 31,
	2012		2011			2010
Derivative in cash flow hedging relationship
Foreign exchange option contracts	$	11	$	(16	)	$	-
Foreign exchange forward contracts		69		(70	)		124
	$	80	$	(86	)	$	124

Schedule of Change in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) of Unrealized Gains on Foreign Currency Cash Flow Hedge

The following is the change in the other comprehensive income (loss) of unrealized gains on foreign currency cash flow hedge during 2012:

	Other comprehensive income (loss)
Other comprehensive loss from unrealized gains on foreign currency cash flow hedge as of January 1, 2012	$	(78	)
Reclassification to earnings of realized loss on foreign currency cash flow hedge		86
Unrealized net gain on foreign currency cash flow hedge		80
Other comprehensive income from unrealized gains on foreign currency cash flow hedge as of December 31, 2012	$	88

Schedule of Gains (Losses) Reclassified From Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) into Income (Expenses)

		Gains (losses) reclassified from other comprehensive income (loss) into income (expenses)
		Year ended December 31,
	Location in Statement of Operation	2012			2011		2010
Derivative in cash flow hedging relationship
Foreign exchange option contracts	Cost of sales and operating expenses	$	(11	)	$	-	$	-
Foreign exchange forward contracts	Financial expense		(5	)		-		-
Foreign exchange forward contracts	Cost of sales and operating expenses		(70	)		65		90
		$	(86	)	$	65	$	90

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TAXES ON INCOME (Narrative) (Details) (USD $) In Thousands, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Domestic Tax Authority [Member]
Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]
Income tax rate	25.00%	24.00%	25.00%
Net operating loss carry forward	$ 43,000
Foreign Tax Authority [Member]
Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]
Net operating loss carry forward	837
Expiration dates of operating loss carry forwards	10 to 14 years
European Subsidiaries [Member]
Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]
Net operating loss carry forward	$ 2,500
Amended Rate Year One [Member]
Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]
Income tax rate	12.50%
Amended Rate Year Two [Member]
Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]
Income tax rate	12.50%
Amended Rate Year Three And Thereafter [Member]
Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]
Income tax rate	12.00%
Minimum [Member]
Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]
Income tax rate	10.00%
Maximum [Member]
Income Tax Disclosure [Line Items]
Income tax rate	25.00%

XML

DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (Schedule of Effect of Derivative Instruments in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships on Net Loss and Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)) (Details) (Cash Flow Hedging [Member], USD $) In Thousands, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Increase (decrease) in gains recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) on derivative (effective portion)	$ 80	$ (86)	$ 124
Foreign Exchange Option [Member]
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Increase (decrease) in gains recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) on derivative (effective portion)	11	(16)
Foreign Exchange Forward [Member]
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Increase (decrease) in gains recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) on derivative (effective portion)	$ 69	$ (70)	$ 124

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (USD $) In Thousands, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) [Abstract]
Net Loss	$ (6,444)	$ (6,798)	$ (10,609)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustments	111	25	(146)
Unrealized gain (loss) from hedge derivatives	166	(151)	34
Unrealized gain on marketable securities	753	272	251
Other than temporary impairment on marketable securities		336	95
Gain on sale of marketable securities	(689)	(28)	(25)
Total comprehensive loss	$ (6,103)	$ (6,344)	$ (10,400)

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MARKETABLE SECURITIES

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

MARKETABLE SECURITIES [Abstract]

MARKETABLE SECURITIES

NOTE 3:- MARKETABLE SECURITIES

The Company invests in debt and equity marketable securities, which are classified as available-for-sale. The following is a summary of the Company's investment in marketable securities:

	December 31, 2012									December 31, 2011
	Amortized		Gross unrealized		Gross unrealized			Fair		Amortized		Gross unrealized		Gross unrealized			Fair
	cost		Gains		Losses			value		cost		gains		losses			value
Available-for-sale:
Equity securities	$	4,804	$	1,076	$	(41	)	$	5,839	$	9,146	$	1,087	$	(117	)	$	10,116
Corporate debentures		-		-		-			-		559		1		-			560
	$	4,804	$	1,076	$	(41	)	$	5,839	$	9,705	$	1,088	$	(117	)	$	10,676

As of December 31, 2012 the Company no longer held investments in marketable securities and corporate debentures with contractual maturity dates.

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FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS [Abstract]

Schedule of Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following table presents the Company's assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2012 and 2011:

	December 31, 2012
	Fair value measurements using input type
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Marketable securities:
Equity	$	5,839	$	-	$	-	$	5,839
Foreign currency derivative contracts		-		88		-		88
Total	$	5,839	$	88	$	-	$	5,927

	December 31, 2011
	Fair value measurements using input type
	Level 1		Level 2			Level 3		Total
Marketable securities:
Equity	$	10,116	$	-		$	-	$	10,116
Corporate debentures		-		560			-		560
Foreign currency derivative contracts		-		(78	)		-		(78	)
Total	$	10,116	$	482		$	-	$	10,598

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COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES (Details) (USD $) In Thousands, unless otherwise specified	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Future Minimum Lease Payments [Line Items]
2013	$ 357
2014	456
2015	272
2016	214
2017	220
2018	37
Total	1,556
Rent expense	$ 527	$ 717	$ 686

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SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policy)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2012

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES [Abstract]

Use of estimates

Use of estimates:

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. The Company's management believes that the estimates, judgments and assumptions used are reasonable based upon information available at the time they are made. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The most significant assumptions are employed in estimates used in determining values associated with revenue recognition, tax positions, and stock-based compensation costs. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Financial statements in U.S. dollars

Financial statements in U.S. dollars:

The currency of the primary economic environment in which the operations of Jacada and certain subsidiaries are conducted is the U.S. dollar ("dollar"); thus, the dollar is the functional currency of Jacada and certain subsidiaries.

Jacada and certain subsidiaries' transactions and balances denominated in dollars are presented at their original amounts. Non-dollar transactions and balances have been remeasured to dollars in accordance with ASC 830, "Foreign Currency Matters". All transaction gains and losses from remeasurement of monetary balance sheet items denominated in non-dollar currencies are reflected in the statements of operations as financial income or expenses, as appropriate.

For those subsidiaries whose functional currency has been determined to be their local currency, assets and liabilities are translated at year-end exchange rates and statement of income items are translated at average exchange rates prevailing during the year. Such translation adjustments are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income in shareholders' equity.

Principles of consolidation

Principles of consolidation:

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Jacada and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation.

Cash equivalents

Cash equivalents:

Cash equivalents are short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to cash with original maturities of three months or less at acquisition.

Investments in marketable securities

Investments in marketable securities:

The Company accounts for investments in marketable securities in accordance with Accounting Standard Codification 320, "Investments - Debt and Equity Securities" ("ASC 320").

Management determines the appropriate classification of its investments at the time of purchase and reevaluates such determinations at each balance sheet date.

The Company classifies all of its securities as available-for-sale. Available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value, with the unrealized gains and losses, reported in accumulated other comprehensive income in shareholders' equity. The amortized cost of debt marketable securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity. Such amortization and accretion are included in financial income, net.

Interest on securities is included in financial income, net. Gains and losses are recognized when realized, on a specific identification basis, in the Company's consolidated statements of operations.

The Company's securities are reviewed for impairment in accordance with the impairment model in ASC 320-10-65-1, "Recognition and Presentation of Other-Than-Temporary Impairments".

Under the impairment model, for debt securities, other-than-temporary impairment loss is recognized in earnings if the entity has the intent to sell the debt security, or if it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the debt security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. However, if an entity does not expect to sell a debt security, it still needs to evaluate expected cash flows to be received and determine if a credit loss exists. In the event of a credit loss, only the amount of impairment associated with the credit loss is recognized currently in earnings. Amounts relating to factors other than credit losses are recorded in other comprehensive income.

For equity securities, an entity is required to recognize in earnings all declines in fair value below the cost basis that are considered other than temporary. However, if the entity evaluates that the impairment is not other-than-temporary but does not have the intent and ability to hold the equity security until the anticipated recovery of its cost basis, an impairment loss is recognized in earnings.

The Company reviews various factors in determining whether it should recognize an impairment charge for its marketable securities, including its intent and ability to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient for any anticipated recovery in market value, the length of time and extent to which the fair value has been less than its cost basis, the credit ratings of the securities and the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer.

Based on the Company's consideration of these factors, the Company recorded an other-than-temporary impairment charge of $0, $ 336 and $ 95 to financial expenses in 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively, on several of its equity marketable securities due to a continued decrease in their market value. The gain on sale of marketable securities previously impaired for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 amounted to $ 163, $ 9 and $ 0, respectively.

Restricted cash

Restricted cash:

Restricted cash is invested in bank deposits, which are pledged in favor of the banks which provide to the Company guarantees with respect to office lease agreements. credit card and hedging transactions.

Property and equipment

Property and equipment:

Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated by the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets at the following annual rates:

	%
Computers and peripheral equipment	10 - 33
Office furniture and equipment	6 - 15
Motor Vehicles	17
Leasehold improvements	Over the shorter of the related lease period (including option terms) or the life of the asset

Impairment of long-lived assets

Impairment of long-lived assets:

The Company's long-lived assets, other than goodwill, are reviewed for impairment in accordance with ASC 360, "Property Plant and Equipment", whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to the future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. In 2012, 2011 and 2010, no impairment losses were identified.

Goodwill

Goodwill:

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of businesses acquired over the fair value of the net assets acquired in the acquisition. Under ASC 350, "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other", goodwill is not amortized but instead is tested for impairment at least annually (or more frequently if impairment indicators arise).

ASC 350 prescribes a two-phase process for impairment testing of goodwill. The first phase screens for impairment, while the second phase (if necessary) measures impairment.

In the first phase of impairment testing, goodwill attributable to the reporting units is tested for impairment by comparing the fair value of each reporting unit with its carrying value. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second phase is then performed. The second phase of the goodwill impairment test compares the implied fair value of the reporting unit's goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit's goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of that goodwill, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess.

Goodwill attributable to the Company's single reporting unit as defined under ASC 350 was tested for impairment by comparing its fair value with its carrying value. Fair value was determined using the Company's market capitalization and the discounted cash flows method. In year 2010, the first phase of the goodwill impairment test indicated that the Company's fair value was less than its carrying value. As a result, the Company performed the second phase of the goodwill impairment test, which indicated that the implied fair value of the Company's goodwill was less than the carrying amount of that goodwill.

As a result, the Company fully impaired the goodwill carrying amount and recognized an impairment charge of $ 3,096 in 2010.

Research and development costs

Research and development costs:

Research and development costs are charged to the statement of operations as incurred. ASC 985-20 "Costs of Software to Be Sold, Leased, or Marketed", requires capitalization of certain software development costs subsequent to the establishment of technological feasibility.

Based on the Company's product development process, technological feasibility is established upon completion of a working model. No material costs are incurred by the Company between the completion of the working model and the point at which the products are ready for general release. Therefore, research and development costs have been expensed as incurred.

Income taxes

Income taxes:

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, "Income Taxes". This Statement prescribes the use of the liability method, whereby deferred tax asset and liability account balances are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. The Company provides a valuation allowance, if necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to their estimated realizable value.

The Company implements a two-step approach to recognize and measure uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that, on an evaluation of the technical merits, the tax position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% (cumulative basis) likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement.

As of December 31, 2012 and 2011 there is no provision for uncertain tax benefits.

Revenue recognition

Revenue recognition:

The Company derives its revenue principally from:

· the initial sales of licenses to use the Company's products, including professional services such as customization, implementation and integration services,

· incremental license fees resulting from a customer's increase in agent licenses required,

· post-implementation consulting and integration services for the Company's solutions, and

· the recurring revenue from ongoing support and maintenance, also called post-contract support or PCS, which includes telephone support, bug repairs, and rights to receive upgrades and enhancements to licensed software on a when-and-if-available basis.

Sales of software licenses are recognized when persuasive evidence of an agreement exists, delivery of the product has occurred, the fee is fixed or determinable, and collectability is probable. The Company considers all arrangements with payment terms extending beyond six months from the delivery of the elements, not to be fixed or determinable. If the fee is not fixed or determinable, revenue is recognized as payments become due from the customer, provided that all other revenue recognition criteria have been met.

The Company does not grant a right of return to its customers. In transactions where a customer's contractual terms include a provision for customer acceptance based on customer-specified subjective criteria, or for evaluation purposes, the Company recognizes revenues only when such acceptance has been obtained or as the acceptance provision lapses. However, in transactions where a customer's contractual terms include a provision for customer acceptance based on customer-specified objective criteria, the Company recognizes revenue if it can demonstrate that the delivered product meets the specified criteria prior to customer acceptance.

The Company usually sells its software licenses as part of an overall solution offered to a customer that combines the sale of software licenses with customization, implementation and integration services. In arrangements which include significant customization of software and services, the Company accounts for the services together with the software under contract accounting in accordance with ASC 605-35, "Construction-Type and Production-Type Contracts".

Revenues recognized in accordance with ASC 605-35 are accounted for using the percentage of completion method. The percentage of completion method is used when the required services are quantifiable, based on the estimated number of labor hours necessary to complete the project, and under that method revenues are recognized using labor hours incurred as the measure of progress towards completion. 

Revenue from software that does not require services, including licenses sold subsequent to the initial installation, is recognized upon delivery, assuming all other revenue recognition criteria has been met.

Revenue from post-implementation consulting and integration services is recognized as work is performed.

Maintenance revenue is recognized ratably over the term of the maintenance agreement. Deferred revenues include unearned amounts received under maintenance and support agreements and amounts received from customers, for which revenues have not yet been recognized.

Revenues from software arrangements involving multiple elements, such as software, post-contract customer support and maintenance, consulting and training, are allocated to the different elements in the arrangement under the "residual method" when Vendor Specific Objective Evidence ("VSOE") of fair value exists for all undelivered elements and no VSOE exists for the delivered elements. The residual method of allocation requires an entity to first allocate revenue to the fair value of the undelivered elements (maintenance and other services) and the residual revenue to the delivered element (software licenses). Any discount in the arrangement is allocated to the delivered element.

VSOE of fair value for maintenance and other services is generally determined based on the price charged for the undelivered element when sold separately or where actual maintenance renewals have not yet occurred, VSOE of fair value is based on the stated maintenance renewal rate specified in the contract. The Company's process for establishing VSOE of fair value of maintenance services (PCS) is through performance of VSOE compliance test which is an analysis of the entire population of PCS renewal activity for its installed base of customers. The Company's process for the establishment of VSOE of fair value for professional services is through a performance of an analysis of the entire population of separate sales of services.

The Company accounts for reimbursements received for out-of-pocket expenses incurred, in accordance with ASC 605-45-45, "Reimbursements Received for Out-of-Pocket Expenses Incurred", under which reimbursements received for out-of-pocket expenses incurred should be characterized as revenue in the income statement. The reimbursements received for out-of-pocket expenses for years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 amounted to $ 287, $ 531 and $ 657, respectively.

Accounting for stock-based compensation

Accounting for stock-based compensation:

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation under ASC 718 "Compensation - Stock Compensation, which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense based on estimated fair values for all stock-based payment awards made to employees and directors. ASC 718 requires companies to estimate the fair value of equity-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as an expense over the requisite service periods in the Company's consolidated statements of operations.

The Company recognizes compensation expenses for the value of its awards based on the accelerated attribution method over the requisite service period of each of the awards, net of estimated forfeitures. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Estimated forfeitures are based on actual historical pre-vesting forfeitures.

The Company has historically not paid dividends and has no foreseeable plans to pay dividends. The Company used its historical stock prices for calculating volatility. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based on the rate of zero-coupon U.S. government securities appropriate for the expected term of the Company's employee stock options. The Company determined the expected life of the options according to the average of the vesting period and the expiration period.

The Company estimates the fair value of stock options awards using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair value for options granted in 2012, 2011 and 2010 was estimated at the date of grant using the following weighted average assumptions:

	2012	2011	2010
Dividend yield	0%	0%	0%
Expected volatility	50%	48%	47%
Risk-free interest	1.16%	1.56%	1.67%
Expected term (years)	5.6	4.5	4.5

Advertising expenses

Advertising expenses:

Advertising expenses are charged to the statements of operations, as incurred. Advertising expenses for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 were $ 161, $ 82 and $ 224, respectively.

Severance pay

Severance pay:

The Company's liability for severance pay for its Israeli employees is calculated pursuant to Israel's Severance Pay Law based on the most recent salary of the employees multiplied by the number of years of employment, as of the balance sheet date. Israeli employees are entitled to severance equal to one month's salary for each year of employment or a portion thereof. The Company's liability for its Israeli employees, not under section 14 discussed below, is fully provided by monthly deposits with insurance policies and by an accrual. The value of these policies is recorded as an asset in the Company's balance sheet.

The deposited funds include profits (losses) accumulated up to the balance sheet date. The deposited funds may be withdrawn only upon the fulfillment of the obligation pursuant to Israel's Severance Pay Law or labor agreements. The value of the deposited funds is based on the cash surrendered value of these policies.

Commencing from 2005, new employees of the Company are subject to Section 14 of the Severance Pay Law, under which the payments to the pension funds and insurance companies discharge the Company's obligation to the employees. Accumulated amounts in the pension funds and with the insurance companies are not under the control or administration of the Company, and accordingly, neither those amounts nor the corresponding accrual for severance pay are reflected in the balance sheet. The obligations of the Company, under law and labor agreements, related to termination benefits to employees not covered through section 14 mentioned above, are included in the accrued severance payable.

The severance pay expense for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 amounted to $ 398, $ 264 and $ 576, respectively.

Fair value of financial instruments

Fair value of financial instruments:

The Company applies the provisions of ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures". Under ASC 820, fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., the "exit price") in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

In determining fair value, the Company uses various valuation approaches. ASC 820 establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company's assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances.

The hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the observability of inputs as follows:

 · Level 1 - Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets that the Company has the ability to access. Valuation adjustments and block discounts are not applied to Level 1 instruments. Since valuations are based on quoted prices that are readily and regularly available in an active market, valuation of these products does not entail a significant degree of judgment.

 · Level 2 - Valuations based on one or more quoted prices in markets that are not active or for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly.

 · Level 3 - Valuations based on unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity and significant to the overall fair value measurement.

The availability of observable inputs can vary from investment to investment and is affected by a wide variety of factors, including, for example, the type of investment, the liquidity of markets and other characteristics particular to the transaction. To the extent that valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment and the investments are categorized as Level 3.

The carrying amounts of financial instruments carried at cost, including cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, trade receivables, other current assets, trade payables and other liabilities approximate their fair value due to the short-term maturities of such instruments.

Derivative instruments

Derivative instruments:

The Company carries out transactions involving foreign currency exchange derivative financial instruments. The transactions are designed to hedge the Company's exposure in currencies other than the dollar. The Company recognizes derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities and measures those instruments at fair value. If a derivative meets the definition of a hedge and is so designated, changes in the fair value of the derivative are recognized in other comprehensive income until the hedged item is recognized in earnings. The ineffective portion of a derivative designated as a hedge is recognized in earnings. If a derivative does not meet the definition of a hedge, the changes in the fair value are included in earnings.

Net earnings (loss) per share

Net earnings (loss) per share:

Basic net loss per share is computed based on the weighted average number of Ordinary shares outstanding during each year. Diluted net loss per share is computed based on the weighted average number of Ordinary shares outstanding during each year, plus potentially dilutive Ordinary shares considered outstanding during the year, in accordance with ASC 260, "Earnings Per Share".

All outstanding stock options have been excluded from the calculation of the diluted net earnings (loss) per share from continuing operations because the securities are anti-dilutive for all periods presented. The total weighted average number of shares related to the outstanding stock options excluded from the calculations of diluted net earnings (loss) per share due to their anti-dilutive effect were 513,691, 484,935 and 648,097 for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

Concentrations of credit risk

Concentrations of credit risk:

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, trade receivables and restricted cash.

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash are invested mainly in U.S. dollars with major banks in the United States, Israel and other international banks. Such cash and cash equivalents in the United States may be in excess of insured limits and are not insured in other jurisdictions. Generally, these investments may be redeemed upon demand and therefore bear minimal risk.

The Company's marketable securities include investments in equity and corporate debentures. The Company's investment policy limits the amount the Company may invest in any one type of issuer, thereby reducing credit risk concentrations.

The Company's trade receivables are mainly derived from sales to customers in North America and Europe. In judging the probability of collection from customers the Company continuously monitors collection and payments based upon the Company's historical experience of its existing customers. In connection with customers with whom the Company does not have previous experience, it evaluates the creditworthiness of those customers. An allowance for doubtful accounts is determined with respect to those amounts that the Company has determined to be doubtful of collection.

Treasury shares

Treasury shares:

The Company presents the cost to repurchase treasury shares as a reduction of shareholders' equity.

Restructuring

Restructuring:

Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations related to one-time termination benefits provided to terminated employees which no longer provide services to the Company are recorded to the statement of operations as incurred in accordance with Accounting Standard Codification 420, "Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations" ("ASC 420").

On August 10, 2010, the Company implemented a global Restructuring Plan (the "2010 Plan") which included a reduction in the Company's work force in order to align the Company's operations and expenses with anticipated near term revenues. These changes resulted in a 15% reduction in workforce worldwide. The Company recorded $ 181 related to one-time termination benefits provided to terminated employees. As of December 31, 2010, all terminated employees no longer provided services to the Company. In addition, the Company incurred a loss on the disposal of property and equipment in the amount of $ 15.

Comprehensive income

Comprehensive income:

The Company accounts for comprehensive income in accordance with ASC 220 "Comprehensive Income". This Statement establishes standards for the reporting and display of comprehensive income and its components in a full set of general purpose financial statements. Comprehensive income generally represents all changes in shareholders' equity during the period except those resulting from investments by, or distributions to, shareholders. The Company determined that its items of comprehensive income relate to gains and losses on hedging derivative instruments and unrealized gains on marketable securities.