10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)
☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
	For the quarterly period ended
	September 30, 2023
	OR
☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from              to

Commission File No. 001-15371

Safehold Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Maryland			95-6881527
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)			(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
1114 Avenue of the Americas
39th Floor
New York	,	NY	10036
(Address of principal executive offices)			(Zip code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (212) 930-9400

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock	SAFE	NYSE

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding twelve months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports); and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒    No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated filer	Accelerated filer	Non-accelerated filer	Smaller reporting company	Emerging growth company
☒	☐	☐	☐	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ◻    No ☒

As of October 30, 2023, there were 71,066,380 shares, $0.01 par value per share, of Safehold Inc. common stock outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
PART I	Consolidated Financial Information
Item 1.	Financial Statements:
	Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited) as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022	1
	Consolidated Statements of Operations (unaudited)—For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022	2
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (unaudited)—For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022	3
	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity (unaudited)—For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022	4
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)—For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022	5
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	6
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	44
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	59
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	59
PART II	Other Information	61
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	61
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	61
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	61
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	61
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	61
Item 5.	Other Information	61
Item 6.	Exhibits	62
SIGNATURES		63

PART I. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.   Financial Statements

Safehold Inc.

Consolidated Balance Sheets⁽¹⁾

(In thousands)

(unaudited)

	As of
	September 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
ASSETS
Net investment in sales-type leases ($468 and $0 of allowances as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively)	$	3,182,592	$	3,106,599
Ground Lease receivables, net ($318 and $0 of allowances as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively)		1,563,670		1,374,716
Real estate
Real estate, at cost		744,571		740,971
Less: accumulated depreciation		(38,892)		(34,371)
Real estate, net		705,679		706,600
Real estate-related intangible assets, net		212,771		217,795
Real estate available and held for sale		7,216		—
Total real estate, net and real estate-related intangible assets, net and real estate available and held for sale		925,666		924,395
Loans receivable, net - related party ($2,421 of allowances as of September 30, 2023)		112,088		—
Equity investments		287,118		180,388
Cash and cash equivalents		11,483		20,066
Restricted cash		27,978		28,324
Deferred tax asset, net		7,173		—
Deferred operating lease income receivable		172,284		148,870
Deferred expenses and other assets, net(2)		153,139		67,564
Total assets	$	6,443,191	$	5,850,922
LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS AND EQUITY
Liabilities:
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities(3)	$	122,986	$	100,357
Real estate-related intangible liabilities, net		63,963		64,591
Debt obligations, net		3,937,827		3,521,359
Total liabilities		4,124,776		3,686,307
Commitments and contingencies (refer to Note 9)
Redeemable noncontrolling interests (refer to Note 3)		19,011		19,011
Equity:
Safehold Inc. shareholders' equity:
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 400,000 shares authorized, 71,066 and 62,397 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively		710		624
Additional paid-in capital		2,183,034		1,986,417
Retained earnings		19,124		151,226
Accumulated other comprehensive income		61,459		3,281
Total Safehold Inc. shareholders' equity		2,264,327		2,141,548
Noncontrolling interests		35,077		4,056
Total equity		2,299,404		2,145,604
Total liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interests and equity	$	6,443,191	$	5,850,922

(1) Refer to Note 2 for details on the Company’s consolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”).

(2) As of September 30, 2023, includes $7.1 million due from related parties.

(3) As of December 31, 2022, includes $8.5 million due to related parties.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

1

Safehold Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Operations

(In thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)

	For the Three Months Ended				For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Revenues:
Interest income from sales-type leases(1)	$	59,130	$	54,736	$	174,350	$	146,014
Operating lease income		16,715		16,507		54,366		49,925
Interest income - related party(2)		2,381		—		4,762		—
Other income(3)		7,335		453		16,073		1,004
Total revenues		85,561		71,696		249,551		196,943
Costs and expenses:
Interest expense		46,553		35,463		133,482		91,050
Real estate expense		1,001		866		3,219		2,272
Depreciation and amortization		2,519		2,407		7,444		7,215
General and administrative(4)		17,860		9,551		51,843		29,203
Impairment of goodwill		145,365		—		145,365		—
Provision for credit losses		336		—		2,625		—
Other expense		2,169		6,073		17,532		6,777
Total costs and expenses		215,803		54,360		361,510		136,517
Gain on sale of net investment in lease		—		55,811		—		55,811
Income (loss) from operations before other items		(130,242)		73,147		(111,959)		116,237
Earnings from equity method investments		7,451		2,244		16,520		6,772
Net income (loss) before income taxes		(122,791)		75,391		(95,439)		123,009
Income tax expense		(55)		—		(580)		—
Net income (loss)		(122,846)		75,391		(96,019)		123,009
Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests		(123)		(9,314)		(138)		(9,381)
Net income (loss) attributable to Safehold Inc. common shareholders	$	(122,969)	$	66,077	$	(96,157)	$	113,628
Per common share data:
Net income (loss)
Basic	$	(1.81)	$	1.04	$	(1.47)	$	1.83
Diluted	$	(1.81)	$	1.04	$	(1.47)	$	1.83
Weighted average number of common shares:
Basic		67,979		63,393		65,214		61,991
Diluted		67,979		63,393		65,214		61,991

(1) For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded $2.1 million of “Interest income from sales-type leases” in its consolidated statements of operations from Ground Leases with iStar Inc. (“iStar”).

(2) Refer to Note 3.

(3) For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, includes $6.0 million and $13.2 million, respectively, of management fees from related parties.

(4) For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, includes $7.5 million and $8.5 million, respectively, of general and administrative expenses incurred to related parties that includes management fees and expense reimbursements to the Former Manager (refer to Note 1) and equity-based compensation (including equity-based compensation to employees). For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, includes $28.5 million and $25.8 million, respectively, of general and administrative expenses incurred to related parties that includes management fees, expense reimbursements to the Former Manager (refer to Note 1) and equity-based compensation (including equity-based compensation to employees).

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

2

Safehold Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(In thousands)

(unaudited)

	For the Three Months Ended				For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net income (loss)	$	(122,846)	$	75,391	$	(96,019)	$	123,009
Other comprehensive income:
Reclassification of (gains) losses on derivatives into earnings		(1,494)		943		(1,454)		2,945
Unrealized gain on derivatives		53,834		18,587		59,632		29,615
Other comprehensive income:		52,340		19,530		58,178		32,560
Comprehensive income (loss)		(70,506)		94,921		(37,841)		155,569
Comprehensive (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests		(123)		(9,314)		(138)		(9,381)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Safehold Inc.	$	(70,629)	$	85,607	$	(37,979)	$	146,188

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

3

Safehold Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity

(In thousands)

(unaudited)

							Retained		Accumulated
	Redeemable		Common		Additional		Earnings		Other
	Noncontrolling		Stock at		Paid-In		(Accumulated		Comprehensive		Noncontrolling		Total
	Interests(1)		Par		Capital		Deficit)		Income (Loss)		Interests		Equity
Balance at June 30, 2023	$	19,011	$	639	$	2,034,678	$	154,826	$	9,119	$	34,480	$	2,233,742
Net income (loss)		—		—		—		(122,969)		—		123		(122,846)
Issuance of common stock, net / amortization		—		71		148,356		—		—		485		148,912
Dividends declared ($0.177 per share)		—		—		—		(12,733)		—		—		(12,733)
Change in accumulated other comprehensive income		—		—		—		—		52,340		—		52,340
Distributions to noncontrolling interests		—		—		—		—		—		(11)		(11)
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	19,011	$	710	$	2,183,034	$	19,124	$	61,459	$	35,077	$	2,299,404
Balance at June 30, 2022	$	19,000	$	621	$	1,975,933	$	85,405	$	(27,950)	$	3,320	$	2,037,329
Net income		658		—		—		66,077		—		8,656		74,733
Issuance of common stock, net / amortization		—		1		5,222		—		—		52		5,275
Dividends declared ($0.177 per share)		—		—		—		(11,007)		—		—		(11,007)
Change in accumulated other comprehensive income		—		—		—		—		19,530		—		19,530
Distributions to noncontrolling interests		—		—		—		—		—		(11)		(11)
Balance at September 30, 2022	$	19,658	$	622	$	1,981,155	$	140,475	$	(8,420)	$	12,017	$	2,125,849
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	19,011	$	624	$	1,986,417	$	151,226	$	3,281	$	4,056	$	2,145,604
Impact from adoption of new accounting standard (refer to Note 3)		—		—		—		(640)		—		—		(640)
Net income (loss)		—		—		—		(96,157)		—		138		(96,019)
Issuance of common stock, net / amortization		—		74		162,484		—		—		982		163,540
Dividends declared ($0.531 per share)		—		—		—		(35,305)		—		—		(35,305)
Change in accumulated other comprehensive income		—		—		—		—		58,178		—		58,178
Contributions from noncontrolling interests, net		—		—		(1,443)		—		—		30,439		28,996
Distributions to noncontrolling interests		—		—		—		—		—		(538)		(538)
Merger consideration (refer to Note 1 and Note 3)		—		12		35,576		—		—		—		35,588
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	19,011	$	710	$	2,183,034	$	19,124	$	61,459	$	35,077	$	2,299,404
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	—	$	566	$	1,663,324	$	59,368	$	(40,980)	$	2,924	$	1,685,202
Net income		658		—		—		113,628		—		8,723		122,351
Issuance of common stock, net / amortization		—		56		318,002		—		—		385		318,443
Dividends declared ($0.524 per share)		—		—		—		(32,521)		—		—		(32,521)
Change in accumulated other comprehensive income		—		—		—		—		32,560		—		32,560
Contributions from noncontrolling interests, net		18,829		—		—		—		—		18		18
Distributions to noncontrolling interests		—		—		—		—		—		(33)		(33)
Additional paid in capital attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests		171		—		(171)		—		—		—		(171)
Balance at September 30, 2022	$	19,658	$	622	$	1,981,155	$	140,475	$	(8,420)	$	12,017	$	2,125,849

(1) Refer to Note 3.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

4

Safehold Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)

(unaudited)

	For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2023		2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$	(96,019)	$	123,009
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash flows from operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		7,444		7,215
Stock-based compensation expense		20,127		1,518
Deferred operating lease income		(23,415)		(23,694)
Non-cash interest income from sales-type leases		(62,139)		(53,555)
Non-cash interest expense		10,216		8,806
Amortization of real estate-related intangibles, net		1,729		1,729
Impairment of goodwill		145,365		—
Provision for credit losses		2,625		—
Earnings from equity method investments		(16,520)		(6,772)
Distributions from operations of equity method investments		4,591		1,510
Gain on sale of net investment in lease		—		(55,811)
Amortization of premium, discount and deferred financing costs on debt obligations, net		5,454		4,039
Non-cash management fees		5,199		14,950
Other operating activities		408		3,486
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Changes in deferred expenses and other assets, net		(168)		10,646
Changes in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities		(12,568)		15,071
Cash flows (used in) provided by operating activities		(7,671)		52,147
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisitions of real estate		(10,817)		—
Origination/acquisition of net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables		(203,364)		(1,210,274)
Origination of loans receivable, net		(114,450)		—
Payment for merger consideration		(88,685)		—
Cash and cash equivalents acquired upon merger		3,213		—
Contributions to equity method investments		(33,560)		(7)
Funding reserves received from Ground Lease tenant net of disbursements		(218)		30,071
Net proceeds from sale of net investment in lease		—		135,529
Net proceeds received from sale of real estate available and held for sale		1,631		—
Deposits on Ground Lease investments		(112)		(2,250)
Other investing activities		(3,588)		(679)
Cash flows used in investing activities		(449,950)		(1,047,610)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock		151,940		309,160
Proceeds from debt obligations		458,000		1,770,000
Repayments of debt obligations		(145,000)		(1,005,000)
Payments for deferred financing costs		(4,618)		(5,110)
Dividends paid to common shareholders		(33,459)		(31,182)
Payment of offering costs		(8,071)		(5,190)
Payments for withholding taxes upon vesting for stock-based compensation		—		(970)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests		(538)		(33)
Contributions from noncontrolling interests		30,439		—
Contributions from redeemable noncontrolling interests		—		19,000
Other financing activities		(1)		(153)
Cash flows provided by financing activities		448,692		1,050,522
Changes in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(8,929)		55,059
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period		48,390		38,516
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	39,461	$	93,575

Reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash presented on the consolidated statements of cash flows
Cash and cash equivalents	$	11,483	$	35,574
Restricted cash		27,978		58,001
Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	39,461	$	93,575
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activity:
Debt obligations assumed (refer to Note 3)	$	99,995	$	—
Issuance of common stock for acquisition of assets (refer to Note 3)		35,588		—
Dividends declared to common shareholders		12,882		11,011
Non-cash interest accrued to debt balances		2,014		—
Accrued offering costs		530		—

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

5

Safehold Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

Note 1—Business and Organization

Business—On March 31, 2023, Safehold Inc. (“Old SAFE”) merged with and into iStar (see Merger Transaction below), at which time Old SAFE ceased to exist and iStar continued as the surviving corporation and changed its name to “Safehold Inc.” (the “Merger”). References to iStar refer to iStar prior to the Merger. For accounting purposes, the Merger is treated as a “reverse acquisition” in which iStar is considered the legal acquirer and Old SAFE is considered the accounting acquirer. Unless context otherwise requires, references to the “Company” refer to the business and operations of Old SAFE and its consolidated subsidiaries prior to the Merger and to Safehold Inc. (formerly known as iStar) and its consolidated subsidiaries following the consummation of the Merger.

The Company operates its business through one reportable segment by acquiring, managing and capitalizing ground leases. The Company also manages entities focused on ground leases (refer to Note 6) and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company serves as external manager to Star Holdings (“Star Holdings”), a Maryland statutory trust that holds the legacy non-ground lease assets previously held by iStar. Ground leases are long-term contracts between the landlord (the Company) and a tenant or leaseholder. Ground leases generally represent ownership of the land underlying commercial real estate projects that is net leased by the fee owner of the land to the owners/operators of the real estate projects built thereon (“Ground Leases”). Under a Ground Lease, the tenant is generally responsible for all property operating expenses, such as maintenance, real estate taxes and insurance and is also responsible for development costs and capital expenditures. Ground Leases are typically long-term (base terms ranging from 30 to 99 years, often with tenant renewal options) and have contractual base rent increases (either at a specified percentage or consumer price index (“CPI”) based, or both) and sometimes include percentage rent participations. The Company’s CPI lookbacks are generally capped between 3.0% - 3.5% and generally start between years 11 and 21 of the lease term. In the event cumulative inflation growth for the lookback period exceeds the cap, these rent adjustments may not keep up fully with changes in inflation.

The Company intends to target investments in long-term Ground Leases in which: (i) the initial cost of its Ground Lease represents 30% to 45% of the combined value of the land and buildings and improvements thereon as if there was no Ground Lease on the land (“Combined Property Value”); (ii) the ratio of property net operating income to the Ground Lease payment due the Company (“Ground Rent Coverage”) is between 2.0x to 4.5x, and for this purpose the Company uses estimates of the stabilized property net operating income if it does not receive current tenant information and for properties under construction or in transition, in each case based on leasing activity at the property and available market information, including leasing activity at comparable properties in the relevant market; and (iii) the Ground Lease contains contractual rent escalation clauses or percentage rent that participates in gross revenues generated by the commercial real estate on the land. As a Ground Lease lessor, the Company typically has the right to regain possession of its land and take ownership of the buildings and improvements thereon upon tenant default and the termination of the Ground Lease on account of such default. The Company believes that the Ground Lease structure provides an opportunity for potential value accretion through the reversion to the Company, as the Ground Lease owner, of the buildings and improvements on the land at the expiration or earlier termination of the lease, for no additional consideration from the Company.

Prior to the Merger, Old SAFE was managed by SFTY Manager, LLC (the “Former Manager”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of iStar, pursuant to a management agreement. Old SAFE had no employees, as the Former Manager provided all services to it. Old SAFE relied on the extensive investment origination and sourcing platform of its Former Manager to actively promote the benefits of the Ground Lease structure to prospective Ground Lease tenants. Subsequent to the Merger, the Company is internally managed.

Organization—The Company is a Maryland corporation and its common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbol “SAFE.” The Company (then known as iStar) elected to be treated as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes, commencing with the tax year ended December 31, 1998.

6

Safehold Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

As part of a restructuring in connection with the Merger (the “Caret Restructuring”), Safehold Operating Partnership LP converted into a Delaware limited liability company and renamed itself “Safehold GL Holdings LLC” (“Portfolio Holdings”), with the Company as its managing member. The Company conducts all of its business and owns all of its properties through Portfolio Holdings. In addition, holders of Caret units in Old SAFE’s subsidiary, Caret Ventures LLC (“Caret Ventures”), contributed their interests in Caret Ventures to Portfolio Holdings in return for Caret units issued by Portfolio Holdings. Following the restructuring, 100% of the equity interests in Caret Ventures is held by Portfolio Holdings. The Company, management of the Company, employees and former employees of the Company, affiliates of MSD Partners (as defined below) and other outside investors own the issued and outstanding equity of Portfolio Holdings.

Merger Transaction—On August 10, 2022, Old SAFE entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with iStar, and on March 31, 2023, the Merger was completed in accordance with the terms of the Merger Agreement. For accounting purposes, the Merger was accounted for as a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 805, Business Combinations (“ASC 805”) and treated as a “reverse acquisition” in which iStar is considered the legal acquirer and Old SAFE is considered the accounting acquirer. The Company considered the following relevant facts for this determination:

● At the time of the Merger closing, Old SAFE shareholders, excluding the Old SAFE shares held directly by iStar, members of iStar management and Star Holdings, control a majority of the voting interests in the Company and the combined company operates under the name “Safehold Inc.;”

● The composition of the combined company’s board of directors, which includes three directors from Old SAFE, two directors from iStar, and two management members of both Old SAFE and iStar;

● Old SAFE was the larger entity by size when comparing the key metrics of total assets, total revenue and net income (loss) from continuing operations and allocable to common shareholders; and

● Substantially all of the assets and liabilities of the Company consist of the historical assets and liabilities of Old SAFE, and the go-forward business plan of the Company is to conduct the Ground Lease business conducted by Old SAFE prior to the Merger.

As a result, the historical financial statements of Old SAFE become the historical financial statements of the Company.

Immediately before the closing of the Merger, iStar separated its remaining legacy non-ground lease assets and businesses, approximately $50.0 million of cash, exclusive of working capital reserves and restricted cash, and approximately 13.5 million shares of Old SAFE common stock into Star Holdings by distributing to iStar’s stockholders, on a pro rata basis, the issued and outstanding equity interests of Star Holdings (the “Spin-Off”).

Other Merger related transactions

On August 10, 2022, iStar entered into an agreement (the “MSD Stock Purchase Agreement”) with MSD Partners, L.P. (“MSD Partners”) pursuant to which MSD Partners agreed to purchase 5,405,406 shares of Old SAFE’s common stock then owned by iStar (the “MSD Stock Purchase”) for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $200 million, or $37.00 per share, payable in cash. The MSD Stock Purchase closed on March 31, 2023, shortly before the closing of the Merger. MSD Partners has the right to designate an observer to the board of directors of the Company, a top-up right on future equity issuances (subject to certain exceptions) and registration rights. MSD Partners will be subject to a customary standstill and certain restrictions on sales of its shares of the Company’s common stock.

On August 10, 2022, MSD Partners also agreed to purchase 100,000 Caret units (refer to Note 11) from the Company for an aggregate purchase price of $20.0 million (the “MSD Caret Purchase”). MSD Partners received a credit

7

Safehold Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

against their purchase price for Caret units equal to the amount they would have received had they held Caret units at the time of a December 2022 distribution to other Caret unit holders, which was equal to $0.6 million. The closing of the MSD Caret Purchase took place in conjunction with the closing of the Merger on March 31, 2023.

Star Holdings was capitalized in part with an 8.0%, four-year term loan from the Company having an initial principal amount of $115.0 million, as well as SOFR plus 3.00% bank debt with an initial principal balance of $140.0 million from Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A. which is secured by approximately 13.5 million shares of the Company (refer to Note 4).

In connection with the Spin-Off, Safehold Management Services Inc. (“SpinCo Manager”), a Delaware corporation and a subsidiary of the Company, entered into a management agreement with Star Holdings effective as of March 31, 2023, pursuant to which SpinCo Manager will continue to operate and pursue the orderly monetization of Star Holding’s assets. Star Holdings will pay SpinCo Manager an annual management fee of $25.0 million in year one, $15.0 million in year two, $10.0 million in year three and $5.0 million in year four and 2.0% of the gross book value of Star Holdings’ assets, excluding shares of the Company’s common stock, for each annual term thereafter. The Company and Star Holdings also entered into a governance agreement that places certain restrictions on the transfer and voting of the shares of the Company owned by Star Holdings, and a registration rights agreement under which the Company agreed to register such shares for resale in accordance with applicable securities laws.

Note 2—Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

Basis of Presentation—The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10-01 of Regulation S-X for interim financial statements. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for complete financial statements. These unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Old SAFE’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (the “2022 Annual Report”).

The preparation of these consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments consisting of normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods presented. Such operating results may not be indicative of the expected results for any other interim periods or the entire year.

Principles of Consolidation—The consolidated financial statements include the accounts and operations of the Company, its wholly-owned subsidiaries and VIEs for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Consolidated VIEs—The Company consolidates VIEs for which it is considered the primary beneficiary. As of September 30, 2023, the total assets of these consolidated VIEs were $73.2 million and total liabilities were $30.0 million. The classifications of these assets are primarily within “Net investment in sales-type leases,” “Real estate, net,” “Real estate-related intangible assets, net” and “Deferred operating lease income receivable” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The classifications of liabilities are primarily within “Debt obligations, net” and “Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The liabilities of these VIEs are

8

Safehold Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

non-recourse to the Company and can only be satisfied from each VIE’s respective assets. The Company has provided no financial support to VIEs that it was not previously contractually required to provide and did not have any unfunded commitments related to consolidated VIEs as of September 30, 2023.

Note 3—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Significant Accounting Policies

Allowance for credit losses on net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables—Effective January 1, 2023, upon the adoption of ASU 2016-13, the Company implemented procedures to estimate its allowance for credit losses on net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables, including unfunded commitments, using a quantitative analysis to estimate expected loss rates for its portfolio of net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables. ASU 2016-13 replaced the incurred loss impairment methodology in prior GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses over the life of the investment and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. The Company analyzes historical data provided by Trepp (“Trepp”) for single asset borrower loans and considers comparable loan to value ratios, loss rates, timing of losses, vintage, property type and other statistics. The Company updates its analysis for current market conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts of unemployment rates to develop an estimate of credit losses. The Company analyzes its portfolio of Ground Leases in two categories, based on whether the underlying property is a stabilized property or a development project (projects with unfunded commitments that are under development or in transition). The Company’s development properties are assigned a higher loss rate due to the higher inherent risk of deals under construction.

Interest receivable is not included in the Company’s allowance for credit losses on net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables as the Company performs timely write-offs, if any, of aged interest receivables. The Company has also made a policy election to write off aged interest receivables through interest income from sales-type leases as opposed to through the provision for credit losses.

Real estate available and held for sale—The Company reports real estate assets to be sold at the lower of their carrying amount or estimated fair value less costs to sell and classifies them as “Real estate available and held for sale” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. If the estimated fair value less costs to sell is less than the carrying value, the difference will be recorded as an impairment charge. Impairment for real estate assets disposed of or classified as held for sale are included in "Impairment of assets" in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Once a real estate asset is classified as held for sale, depreciation expense is no longer recorded.

9

Safehold Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

The Company classifies its real estate assets as held for sale in the period in which all of the following conditions are met: (i) the Company commits to a plan and has the authority to sell the asset; (ii) the asset is available for sale in its current condition; (iii) the Company has initiated an active marketing plan to locate a buyer for the asset; (iv) the sale of the asset is both probable and expected to qualify for full sales recognition within a period of 12 months; (v) the asset is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reflective of its current fair value; and (vi) the Company does not anticipate changes to its plan to sell the asset.

If circumstances arise that were previously considered unlikely and, as a result the Company decides not to sell a property previously classified as held for sale, the property is reclassified as held and used and included in "Real estate, net" on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company measures and records a property that is reclassified as held and used at the lower of: (i) its carrying amount before the property was classified as held for sale, adjusted for any depreciation expense that would have been recognized had the property been continuously classified as held and used; or (ii) the estimated fair value at the date of the subsequent decision not to sell.

Fair Values—The Company is required to disclose fair value information with regard to its financial instruments, whether or not recognized in the consolidated balance sheets, for which it is practical to estimate fair value. The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) guidance defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The following fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to be used in valuation techniques to measure fair value: Level 1: unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities; Level 2: quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs which are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability; and Level 3: prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e., supported by little or no market activity). The Company determines the estimated fair values of financial assets and liabilities based on a hierarchy that distinguishes between market participant assumptions based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company and the Company’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions.

10

Safehold Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

The following table presents the carrying value and fair value for the Company’s financial instruments ($ in millions):  

	As of September 30, 2023				As of December 31, 2022
	Carrying		Fair		Carrying		Fair
	Value		Value		Value		Value
Assets
Net investment in sales-type leases(1)	$	3,183	$	3,073	$	3,107	$	3,236
Ground Lease receivables(1)		1,564		1,574		1,375		1,501
Loans receivable, net - related party(1)		112		114		—		—
Cash and cash equivalents(2)		11		11		20		20
Restricted cash(2)		28		28		28		28
Liabilities
Debt obligations, net(1)
Level 1		739		558		738		573
Level 3		3,199		2,564		2,783		2,358
Total debt obligations, net		3,938		3,122		3,521		2,931

(1) The fair value of the Company’s net investment in sales-type leases, Ground Lease receivables and loans receivable, net – related party are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of the Company’s debt obligations traded in secondary markets are classified as Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy and the fair value of the Company’s debt obligations not traded in secondary markets are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.

(2) The Company determined the carrying values of its cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash approximated their fair values and are classified as Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy.

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests—In February 2022, the Company sold 108,571 Caret units (refer to Note 11) for $19.0 million to third-party investors and received a commitment from an existing shareholder (which is affiliated with one of the Company’s independent directors) for the purchase of 28,571 Caret units for $5.0 million. As part of the sale, the Company agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to provide public market liquidity for such Caret units by seeking to provide a listing of the Caret units, or securities into which they may be exchanged, within two years of the sale. In the event public market liquidity of the Caret units is not achieved within such two year period at a valuation not less than the purchase price for the Caret units purchased in February 2022, reduced by an amount equal to the amount of subsequent cash distributions made to the investors on account of such Caret units, then the investors in the February 2022 transaction have the right to cause their Caret units purchased in February 2022 to be redeemed by Portfolio Holdings at their original purchase price as so reduced. 

The Company classifies these redeemable Caret units in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 480: Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity. ASC 480-10-S99-3A requires that equity securities redeemable at the option of the holder be classified outside of permanent stockholders’ equity. The Company classifies redeemable Caret units as “Redeemable noncontrolling interests” in its consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of changes in equity. The redeemable noncontrolling interest’s carrying amount is equal to the higher of (i) the initial carrying amount, increased or decreased for the redeemable noncontrolling interest’s share of net income or loss and dividends; or (ii) the redemption value.

11

Safehold Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

Stock-based compensation—In March 2023, the Company granted awards to employees with an aggregate grant date fair value of $25.0 million, or $28.89 per share. The awards vest ratably over a four-year service period. Compensation cost for stock-based awards is measured on the grant date and adjusted over the period of the employees’ services to reflect: (i) actual forfeitures; and (ii) the service conditions through the requisite service period. Compensation costs are recognized ratably over the applicable vesting/service period and recorded in "General and administrative" in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

Income taxes— The Company (then known as iStar) elected to be taxed as a REIT under sections 856 through 859 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code") beginning with its taxable year ended December 31, 1998. The Company operates its business in a manner consistent with its election to be taxed as a REIT. As such, the consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared consistent with the Company’s qualification as a REIT for the periods presented. The Company will be subject to federal and state income taxation at corporate rates on its net taxable income; the Company, however, may claim a deduction for the amount of dividends paid to its shareholders. Amounts distributed as dividends by the Company will be subject to taxation at the stockholder level only. While the Company must distribute at least 90% of its net taxable income to qualify as a REIT, the Company intends to distribute all of its net taxable income, if any, and eliminate federal and state taxes on undistributed net taxable income. Certain states may impose minimum franchise taxes. In addition, the Company is allowed certain other non-cash deductions or adjustments, such as depreciation expense, when computing its net taxable income and distribution requirement. These deductions permit the Company to reduce its dividend payout requirement under federal tax laws. The Company’s tax years from 2019 through 2021 remain subject to examination by major tax jurisdictions The Company has two taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRS”), one of which was formed during the year ended December 31, 2018 and had no material activity during the periods presented. Accordingly, no provision for income taxes was required. The second TRS provides management services to Star Holdings and internally to the REIT. The second TRS was acquired in the Company’s acquisition of iStar and first had activity during the three months ended June 30, 2023. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded current income tax expense in the amount of $1.4 million, which was partially offset by a deferred tax benefit of $0.9 million with respect to the TRS. In addition, the Company paid other state and local income taxes in the amount of $0.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

12

Safehold Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

Loans receivable, net – related party—Loans receivable, net – related party includes the four-year term loan that the Company originated to Star Holdings (refer to Note 4). Loans receivable classified as held-for-investment are reported at their outstanding unpaid principal balance net of any unamortized acquisition premiums or discounts and unamortized deferred loan costs or fees and credit loss allowances.

The Company performs a quarterly analysis of its loan receivable that incorporates management’s current judgments about credit quality based on all known and relevant internal and external factors that may affect collectability. The Company considers, among other things, payment status, lien position, borrower financial resources and investment collateral, collateral type, project economics and other economic factors. The Company estimates its Expected Loss on its loans receivable based on relevant information including current market conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of its investments. The estimate of the Company’s Expected Loss requires significant judgment. The Company calculated its Expected Loss through the use of third-party market data that provided current and future economic conditions that may impact the performance of the commercial real estate assets securing its investments.

The Company will consider a loan to be non-performing and place it on non-accrual status at such time as: (1) interest payments become 90 days delinquent; (2) it has a maturity default; or (3) management determines it is probable that it will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan. Non-accrual loans will be returned to accrual status when they have become contractually current and management believes all amounts contractually owed will be received.

The Company made the accounting policy election to record accrued interest on its loan asset separate from its loans receivable and to exclude accrued interest from its amortized cost basis disclosures. Any accrued interest receivable is recorded in “Deferred expenses and other assets, net” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had $26 thousand of accrued interest on its consolidated balance sheets. The Company will place its loan on non-accrual status once interest on the loan becomes 90 days delinquent and will reverse any accrued interest as a reduction to interest income or recognizes a credit loss expense at such time. As such, the Company elected the practical expedient to not record an allowance against accrued interest receivable. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company did not reverse any accrued interest on its loan asset.

Interest Income – related party—Interest income - related party (refer to Note 4) is recognized on an accrual basis using the effective interest method and is recorded in “Interest income – related party” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

Equity Investments—Equity investments are accounted for pursuant to the equity method of accounting if the Company can significantly influence the operating and financial policies of the investee. The Company has noncontrolling equity interests in multiple ventures (refer to Note 6) and determined the entities to be voting interest entities. As such, its equity interests in these ventures are accounted for pursuant to the equity method of accounting. The Company’s periodic share of earnings and losses in equity method investees are included in "Earnings from equity method investments" in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Equity investments are included in "Equity investments" on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company acquired two equity interests from iStar in connection with the Merger. In connection with the acquisition, the Company has basis differences in these equity interests that are amortized to income over the life of the underlying assets (refer to Note 6).

Management fees—The Company earns management fees through SpinCo Manager’s management agreement with Star Holdings pursuant to which SpinCo Manager operates and pursues the orderly monetization of Star Holding’s assets (refer to Note 1). Effective March 31, 2023, Star Holdings will pay SpinCo Manager an annual management fee of $25.0 million in year one, $15.0 million in year two, $10.0 million in year three, $5.0 million in year four and 2.0% of the gross book value of Star Holdings’ assets, excluding shares of the Company’s common stock, for each annual term thereafter. Management fees are paid quarterly in arrears. The Company recognizes management fee income in accordance

13

Safehold Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

with ASC  606: Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). Upon the Company’s initial evaluation of the management contract, the Company evaluated the payment terms and termination clauses and it determined the estimated term of the contract to be three years and the total transaction price to be $50.0 million. The Company determined that the termination fees payable by Star Holdings in year one through year three upon termination of the management agreement would be substantive and therefore termination of the management agreement would be unlikely before year four. The Company will continue to evaluate the anticipated term and total transaction price of the management agreement as it executes its performance obligations under the management agreement. Pursuant to ASC 606, the Company allocated the transaction price to its performance obligations under the management agreement. The Company determined that the management contract represents a single continuing performance obligation and tracks its progress toward satisfying its performance obligation using an input method to measure the level of effort expended during the period and time budgeted to complete its obligations, which is subject to variability based on market conditions. The Company recognizes management fee income as it satisfies the performance obligations of the contract and records management fees in “Other income” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

Acquisitions—The Company evaluates each acquisition transaction to determine whether the acquired asset meets the definition of a business. Under ASC 805, an acquisition does not qualify as a business when (i) substantially all of the fair value is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets; (ii) the acquisition does not include a substantive process in the form of an acquired workforce; or (iii) there is an acquired contract that cannot be replaced without significant cost, effort or delay. Acquisitions of a business are accounted for as business combinations and other acquisition transactions are accounted for as asset acquisitions. Transaction costs related to asset acquisitions are capitalized as part of the cost basis of the acquired assets, while transaction costs related to business combinations are expensed as incurred.

The Company’s acquisition of iStar was accounted for as a business combination. For business combinations, the Company recognizes and measures identifiable assets acquired, liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree at their fair values on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. In a business combination, the difference, if any, between the purchase consideration and the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired is either recorded as goodwill or as a bargain purchase gain. 

Fair values are based on available information including discounted cash flow analysis or similar fair value models. Fair value estimates are also made using significant assumptions such as capitalization rates, discount rates, fair market lease rates and other market data. The fair value of the Company’s interests in equity investments acquired is calculated using the fair value of the investments held by the venture, which are valued using methods as described above, and considers the Company’s economics in the venture.

The fair value of financial instruments, which could include loans receivable or net investment in sales-type leases, is based on current market conditions and loan or lease agreements in place. The fair value of tangible assets, which could include land, buildings, building improvements and tenant improvements is determined as if these assets are vacant. Intangible assets may include the value of right of use lease assets, above-market leases and in-place leases. As lessee, right of use lease assets and lease liabilities are measured at the present value of lease payments not yet paid, discounted at the implied rate charged by the lessor if that rate is readily determinable, or if that rate is not readily determinable, the Company's incremental borrowing rate, as of the date of the acquisition. As lessee, operating lease right of use assets are included in “Deferred expenses and other assets, net” and operating lease liabilities are recorded in “Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. As lessee, above-market operating lease intangibles, in-place operating lease intangibles and below-market lease assets are each recorded at their fair values and included in “Deferred expenses and other assets, net” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

14

Safehold Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

The table below shows the Company’s purchase consideration for the acquisition of iStar ($ in thousands):

Total Company shares as purchase price(1)		1,195,034
Stock price of the Company’s common stock(2)	$	29.78
Fair value of the Company's stock transferred		35,588
Cash consideration paid by the Company to iStar		88,685
Purchase consideration	$	124,273

(1) The total post-Merger shares of the Company to be held by iStar shareholders includes 12.7 million shares that were issued as consideration for the investment in Old SAFE previously held by iStar as of March 30, 2023 that were retired in connection with the Merger. Accordingly, these shares are excluded from the purchase consideration as they are reflected as a treasury stock repurchase and retirement by Old SAFE.

(2) Based on the closing price of Old SAFE’s common stock as of March 30, 2023, representing the final closing price prior to the effective time of the Merger.

The Merger was accounted for as a business combination pursuant to ASC 805 and all Merger related costs were expensed as incurred. The Company recorded $0.1 million of Merger expenses during the three months ended September 30, 2023 in “Other expense” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The Company recorded $18.9 million of Merger expenses during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, of which $14.1 million was recorded in “Other expense” and $4.8 million was recorded in “General and administrative” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company also recorded $0.9 million of related non-recurring charges in “Other expense” and a provision for credit losses of $2.3 million on the Secured Term Loan Facility (refer to Note 4) which was originated at the time of the Merger in conjunction with the Spin-Off. Excluding $3.0 million of related non-recurring charges and the $2.3 million provision for credit losses on the Secured Term Loan Facility, through September 30, 2023, the Company has incurred $26.6 million of Merger expenses.

15

Safehold Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

The following table sets forth the preliminary allocation as of March 31, 2023 of the purchase consideration to the fair values of identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, recognized as a result of the acquisition described in Note 1 above, measurement period adjustments and a revised allocation of the purchase consideration ($ in thousands):

	Preliminary		Measurement		Revised
	Purchase Price Allocation		Period Adjustments		Purchase Price Allocation
Cash and cash equivalents	$	3,213	$	—	$	3,213
Real estate		1,508		—		1,508
Equity investments(1)		61,247		—		61,247
Deferred tax asset(2)		—		6,292		6,292
Deferred expenses and other assets(2)(3)		25,442		6,480		31,922
Total assets acquired		91,410		12,772		104,182
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities(2)(4)		(22,939)		(2,340)		(25,279)
Debt obligations(5)		(99,995)		—		(99,995)
Total liabilities assumed		(122,934)		(2,340)		(125,274)
Net identifiable (liabilities assumed) assets acquired		(31,524)		10,432		(21,092)
Purchase consideration	$	124,273	$	—	$	124,273
Add: net identifiable liabilities assumed		31,524		(10,432)		21,092
Goodwill(6)		155,797		(10,432)		145,365

(1) Equity investments were valued using discount rates between 7.2% and 13.9% and are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.

(2) During the three months ended June 30, 2023, the Company recorded a deferred tax asset in the amount of $6.3 million, net of a valuation allowance in the amount of $2.8 million, and reduced goodwill by $6.3 million. The net deferred tax asset relates to net operating loss carryovers to which the Company’s taxable REIT subsidiary is a successor and were finalized upon filing tax returns subsequent to the Merger for periods prior to the Merger. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized $6.5 million of deferred expenses and other assets related to final state tax receivables and $2.3 million in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities as a result of finalizing its tax returns which produced additional information not available at the time of the Merger. The following table presents a rollforward of the Company’s goodwill:

Balance at December 31, 2022	$	—
Goodwill recognized at Merger		155,797
Reduction to goodwill resulting from measurement period adjustments		(10,432)
Impairment		(145,365)
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	—

(3) Deferred expenses and other assets includes $11.0 million attributable to operating lease right of use assets, $4.7 million attributable to prepaid expenses resulting from the settlement of iStar’s compensation plans, $2.1 million attributable to in-place prepaid contracts, $1.3 million attributable to office furniture and equipment and $6.3 million attributable to other receivables.

(4) Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities primarily includes a $14.2 million operating lease liability. In addition, under the Merger Agreement, iStar was required to fund its share of merger-related costs and to provide sufficient cash to fund any unresolved corporate obligations and accrued liabilities or costs yet-to-be incurred prior to the Merger. Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities includes approximately $8.7 million of obligations assumed from iStar, which are offset with corresponding amounts in cash and cash equivalents and amounts receivable in deferred expenses and other assets, net sufficient to settle such obligations.

(5) Debt obligations were valued using a discount rate of 6.7% and are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.

(6) Goodwill is calculated as the excess of purchase consideration over the fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired and primarily relates to the acquisition of iStar’s workforce and future synergies expected to be realized after the completion of the Merger.

16

Safehold Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

The following table summarizes the Company's pro forma revenues and net income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 as if the Merger described in Note 1 was completed on January 1, 2022 ($ in thousands):⁽¹⁾

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Pro forma revenues	$	85,561	$	84,388	$	268,478	$	229,608
Pro forma net income (loss)		(122,846)		45,214		(66,412)		(118,086)

(1) The pro forma revenues and net income (loss) are presented for informational purposes only and may not be indicative of what the actual results of operations of the Company would have been assuming the transaction occurred on January 1, 2022, nor do they purport to represent the Company’s results of operations for future periods. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, pro forma net loss includes $47.7 million of merger expenses (including $20.3 million of merger expenses borne by iStar), which are non-recurring in nature. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, pro forma net loss includes $13.2 million and $171.9 million, respectively, of losses on extinguishment of debt, which are non-recurring in nature. From the date of the Merger closing through September 30, 2023, $0.1 million of total revenues and $6.0 million of net income of the acquiree are included in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

Goodwill—Goodwill is calculated as the excess of purchase consideration over the fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired (or liabilities assumed) and primarily relates to the acquisition of iStar’s workforce and future synergies expected to be realized from the Merger. Goodwill is not subject to amortization but is tested annually for impairment or more frequently should potential triggering events be identified that may indicate potential impairment, such as when a company’s fair value, or the estimated fair value of a reporting unit of a company, is below its book value.

During the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company experienced a precipitous and sustained decline in the price per share of its common stock, which it identified as an indicator of goodwill impairment. As a result, the Company performed an interim goodwill evaluation. The Company determined that its current operations are carried out through a single reporting unit with a carrying value of approximately $2.4 billion. The estimated fair value of the Company was determined to be the Company’s market capitalization adjusted for a control premium estimated by the Company representing an amount a market participant would pay to obtain a controlling interest in the Company. The Company determined that its carrying value exceeded its estimated fair value and therefore recorded an impairment of goodwill. The Company recorded a $145.4 million full impairment of the goodwill recognized as a result of the Merger, which is recorded as a non-cash charge in “Impairment of goodwill” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The Company does not expect goodwill to have any tax impact on its financial statements.

17

Safehold Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

New accounting pronouncements—The following paragraph describes the impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements from the adoption of Accounting Standards Updates ("ASUs") on January 1, 2023.

The Company adopted ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ("ASU 2016-13"), as amended, on January 1, 2023 using the modified retrospective approach method. Under the modified retrospective approach, the Company recorded a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings by recording an initial allowance for credit losses on net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables. Periods presented that are prior to the adoption date of January 1, 2023 will not be adjusted. ASU 2016-13 replaced the incurred loss impairment methodology with a methodology that reflects a current expected credit loss ("Expected Loss"). ASU 2016-13 impacted all of the Company’s investments held at amortized cost, which included its net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables. Upon adoption of ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2023, the Company recorded an initial allowance for credit losses on net investments in sales-type leases of $0.4 million and an initial allowance for credit losses on Ground Lease receivables of $0.2 million, both of which were recorded as a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings. Subsequent increases or decreases in the allowance for credit losses on net investment in sales-type leases or Ground Lease receivables will be charged to "Provision for credit losses" in the Company's consolidated statements of operations. Refer to "Significant Accounting Policies" above for more information on how the Company determines its allowance for credit losses on net investment in sales-type leases, Ground Lease receivables and loans receivable, net – related party.

The Company also adopted ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses: Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures (“ASU 2022-02”). ASU 2022-02 eliminated troubled debt restructuring recognition and measurement guidance and requires disclosure of gross write-offs by vintage for public business entities. The adoption of ASU 2022-02 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Note 4—Net Investment in Sales-type Leases, Ground Lease Receivables and Loans Receivable, net – Related Party

The Company classifies certain of its Ground Leases as sales-type leases and records the leases within “Net investment in sales-type leases” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets and records interest income in “Interest income from sales-type leases” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. In addition, the Company may enter into transactions whereby it acquires land and enters into Ground Leases directly with the seller. These Ground Leases qualify as sales-type leases and, as such, do not qualify for sale leaseback accounting and are accounted for as financing receivables in accordance with ASC 310 - Receivables and are included in “Ground Lease receivables” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company records interest income from Ground Lease receivables in “Interest income from sales-type leases” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

In July 2022, the Company, pursuant to an agreement with iStar and upon certain construction related conditions being met, acquired an existing Ground Lease from iStar for $36.4 million inclusive of closing costs and was recorded in “Net investment in sales-type leases” and “Real estate-related intangible assets, net” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.

In September 2022, the Company sold a Ground Lease to a third-party for $136.0 million and recognized a gain of $55.8 million in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. $9.5 million of the gain was attributable to noncontrolling interests, of which $0.7 million was attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests.

In May 2023, the Company entered into a joint venture with a sovereign wealth fund, which is also an existing shareholder, focused on new acquisitions for certain Ground Lease investments. The Company committed approximately $275 million for a 55% controlling interest in the joint venture and the sovereign wealth fund committed

18

Safehold Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

approximately $225 million for a 45% noncontrolling interest in the joint venture. Each party’s commitment is discretionary. The joint venture is a voting interest entity and the Company consolidates the joint venture in its financial statements due to its controlling interest. The Company’s joint venture partners’ interest is recorded in “Noncontrolling interests” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company receives a management fee, measured on an asset-by-asset basis, equal to 25 basis points on invested equity for such asset for the first five years following its acquisition, and 15 basis points on invested equity thereafter. The Company will also receive a promote of 15% over a 9% internal rate of return, subject to a 1.275x multiple on invested capital. The venture has first look rights on qualifying investments for 18 months. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the joint venture acquired two Ground Leases for an aggregate purchase price of $38.5 million, of which $14.5 million has been funded as of September 30, 2023.

The Company’s net investment in sales-type leases were comprised of the following ($ in thousands):

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Total undiscounted cash flows(1)	$	29,715,761	$	29,586,227
Unguaranteed estimated residual value(1)		2,915,013		2,900,218
Present value discount		(29,447,714)		(29,379,846)
Allowance for credit losses		(468)		—
Net investment in sales-type leases(2)	$	3,182,592	$	3,106,599

(1) As of September 30, 2023, total discounted cash flows were approximately $3,153 million and the discounted unguaranteed estimated residual value was $30.1 million. As of December 31, 2022, total discounted cash flows were approximately $3,077 million and the discounted unguaranteed estimated residual value was $29.1 million.

(2) As of September 30, 2023, $6.5 million was attributable to noncontrolling interests.

19

Safehold Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

The following table presents a rollforward of the Company’s net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 ($ in thousands):

	Net Investment in		Ground Lease
	Sales-type Leases		Receivables		Total
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Beginning balance	$	3,106,599	$	1,374,716	$	4,481,315
Impact from adoption of new accounting standard (refer to Note 3)		(351)		(199)		(550)
Origination/acquisition/fundings(1)		33,400		170,194		203,594
Accretion		43,061		19,078		62,139
Provision for credit losses		(117)		(119)		(236)
Ending balance(2)	$	3,182,592	$	1,563,670	$	4,746,262

	Net Investment in		Ground Lease
	Sales-type Leases		Receivables		Total
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Beginning balance	$	2,412,716	$	796,252	$	3,208,968
Sales		(76,701)		—		(76,701)
Origination/acquisition/fundings(1)		691,305		515,618		1,206,923
Accretion		38,793		14,762		53,555
Ending balance	$	3,066,113	$	1,326,632	$	4,392,745

(1) The net investment in sales-type leases is initially measured at the present value of the fixed and determinable lease payments, including any guaranteed or unguaranteed estimated residual value of the asset at the end of the lease, discounted at the rate implicit in the lease. For newly originated or acquired Ground Leases, the Company’s estimate of residual value equals the fair value of the land at lease commencement.

(2) As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, all of the Company’s net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables were current in their payment status. As of September 30, 2023, the Company’s weighted average accrual rate for its net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables was 5.1% and 5.4%, respectively. As of September 30, 2023, the weighted average remaining life of the Company’s 35 Ground Lease receivables was 98.3 years.

20

Safehold Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

Allowance for Credit Losses—Changes in the Company’s allowance for credit losses on net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 were as follows ($ in thousands):

	Net investment in sales-type leases
	Stabilized		Development		Unfunded
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023	Properties		Properties		Commitments		Total
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period	$	259	$	77	$	1	$	337
Provision for credit losses(1)		110		22		—		132
Allowance for credit losses at end of period(2)	$	369	$	99	$	1	$	469

	Ground Lease receivables
	Stabilized		Development		Unfunded
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023	Properties		Properties		Commitments		Total
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period	$	94	$	127	$	60	$	281
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses(1)		40		57		(3)		94
Allowance for credit losses at end of period(2)	$	134	$	184	$	57	$	375

	Net investment in sales-type leases
	Stabilized		Development		Unfunded
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023	Properties		Properties		Commitments		Total
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Impact from adoption of new accounting standard (refer to Note 3)(3)		280		71		6		357
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses(1)		89		28		(5)		112
Allowance for credit losses at end of period(2)	$	369	$	99	$	1	$	469

	Ground Lease receivables
	Stabilized		Development		Unfunded
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023	Properties		Properties		Commitments		Total
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Impact from adoption of new accounting standard (refer to Note 3)(3)		102		97		84		283
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses(1)		32		87		(27)		92
Allowance for credit losses at end of period(2)	$	134	$	184	$	57	$	375

(1) During the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded a provision for credit losses on net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables of $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively. The provision for credit losses was due primarily to a declining macroeconomic forecast since June 30, 2023. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded a provision for credit losses on net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables of $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively. The provision for credit losses on net investment in leases and Ground Lease receivables was due primarily to a declining macroeconomic forecast since December 31, 2022.

(2) Allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments is recorded in “Accounts payable and accrued expenses” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

(3) On January 1, 2023, the Company recorded an allowance for credit losses on net investment in sales-type leases of $0.4 million and an allowance for credit losses on Ground Lease receivables of $0.2 million upon the adoption of ASU 2016-13, of which an aggregate of $0.1 million related to expected credit losses for unfunded commitments and was recorded in "Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities."

21

Safehold Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

The Company’s amortized cost basis in Ground Lease receivables, presented by year of origination and by stabilized or development status, was as follows as of September 30, 2023 ($ in thousands):

	Year of Origination
	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior to 2019		Total
Ground Lease receivables
Stabilized properties	$	19,004	$	295,600	$	133,296	$	179,914	$	447,915	$	—	$	1,075,729
Development properties		1		345,220		143,038		—		—		—		488,259
Total	$	19,005	$	640,820	$	276,334	$	179,914	$	447,915	$	—	$	1,563,988

Future Minimum Lease Payments under Sales-type Leases—Future minimum lease payments to be collected under sales-type leases accounted for under ASC 842 - Leases, excluding lease payments that are not fixed and determinable, in effect as of September 30, 2023, are as follows by year ($ in thousands):

					Fixed Bumps
	Fixed Bumps				with
	with Inflation		Fixed		Percentage
	Adjustments		Bumps		Rent		Total
2023 (remaining three months)	$	24,735	$	561	$	146	$	25,442
2024		101,639		2,256		586		104,481
2025		103,607		2,283		586		106,476
2026		105,567		2,311		586		108,464
2027		107,475		2,339		586		110,400
Thereafter		28,577,374		583,455		99,669		29,260,498
Total undiscounted cash flows	$	29,020,397	$	593,205	$	102,159	$	29,715,761

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized interest income from sales-type leases in its consolidated statements of operations as follows ($ in thousands):

	Net Investment		Ground
	in Sales-type		Lease
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023	Leases		Receivables		Total
Cash	$	25,309	$	12,767	$	38,076
Non-cash		14,482		6,572		21,054
Total interest income from sales-type leases	$	39,791	$	19,339	$	59,130

	Net Investment		Ground
	in Sales-type		Lease
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022	Leases		Receivables		Total
Cash	$	24,256	$	10,585	$	34,841
Non-cash		14,108		5,787		19,895
Total interest income from sales-type leases	$	38,364	$	16,372	$	54,736

	Net Investment		Ground
	in Sales-type		Lease
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023	Leases		Receivables		Total
Cash	$	75,355	$	36,856	$	112,211
Non-cash		43,061		19,078		62,139
Total interest income from sales-type leases	$	118,416	$	55,934	$	174,350

22

Safehold Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

	Net Investment		Ground
	in Sales-type		Lease
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022	Leases		Receivables		Total
Cash	$	66,017	$	26,442	$	92,459
Non-cash		38,793		14,762		53,555
Total interest income from sales-type leases	$	104,810	$	41,204	$	146,014

Loans receivable, net – related party—On March 31, 2023, the Company, as lender and as administrative agent, and Star Holdings, as borrower, entered into a senior secured term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of $115.0 million (the “Secured Term Loan Facility”) and an additional commitment amount of up to $25.0 million at Star Holding’s election (the “Incremental Term Loan Facility”, together with the Secured Term Loan Facility, the “Star Holdings Term Loan Facility”) (refer to Note 14). During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded $2.4 million and $4.8 million, respectively, of interest income on the Star Holdings Term Loan Facility, which is recorded in “Interest income – related party” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. As of September 30, 2023, the Star Holdings Term Loan Facility had a principal balance of $115.0 million and a carrying value of $112.1 million.

The Star Holdings Term Loan Facility is a secured credit facility. Borrowings under the Star Holdings Term Loan Facility bear interest at a fixed rate of 8.00% per annum, which may increase to 10.00% per annum if any loans remain outstanding under the Incremental Term Loan Facility (refer to Note 14). The Star Holdings Term Loan Facility has a maturity date of March 31, 2027. The Star Holdings Term Loan Facility is secured by a first-priority perfected security pledge of all the equity interests in Star Holding’s primary real estate subsidiary. Starting the quarter that is nine months after closing, within five business days after Star Holdings has delivered its unaudited quarterly financial statements, Star Holdings will apply any unrestricted cash on its balance sheet in excess of the aggregate of (i) an operating reserve; and (ii) $50 million, to prepay its Star Holdings Term Loan Facility or alternatively, with the consent of the Company, Star Holdings may apply such cash to prepay its margin loan facility in lieu of any prepayment of the Star Holdings Term Loan Facility. The operating reserve will be calculated quarterly and is equal to the aggregate of projected operating expenses (including payments to the Star Holdings local property consultants but excluding management fees and public company costs), projected land carry costs, projected capital expenditure and projected interest expense on the margin loan facility and Star Holdings Term Loan Facility for the next twelve months; less the projected operating revenues for the next twelve months consistent with the operating budget approved by the Company.

The Star Holdings Term Loan Facility contains certain customary covenants, including affirmative covenants on reporting, maintenance of property, continued ownership of interests in the Company as well as negative covenants relating to investments, indebtedness and liens, fundamental changes, asset dispositions, repayments, distributions and affiliate transactions. Furthermore, the Star Holdings Term Loan Facility contains customary events of default, including payment defaults, failure to perform covenants, cross-default and cross acceleration to other indebtedness, including the margin loan facility, impairment of security interests and change of control.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded a provision for credit losses of $0.1 million and $2.4 million, respectively, on the Secured Term Loan Facility which was originated at the time of the Merger in conjunction with the Spin-Off.

23

Safehold Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

Note 5—Real Estate, Real Estate-Related Intangibles and Real Estate Available and Held for Sale

The Company’s real estate assets consist of the following ($ in thousands):

	As of
	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Land and land improvements, at cost	$	551,339	$	547,739
Buildings and improvements, at cost		193,232		193,232
Less: accumulated depreciation		(38,892)		(34,371)
Total real estate, net	$	705,679	$	706,600
Real estate-related intangible assets, net		212,771		217,795
Real estate available and held for sale(1)		7,216		—
Total real estate, net and real estate-related intangible assets, net and real estate available and held for sale	$	925,666	$	924,395

(1) During the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company acquired $7.2 million of real property that is being marketed for sale and is recorded in real estate available and held for sale. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company sold $1.5 million of real property that was acquired from iStar that was classified as available for sale upon acquisition. The Company recognized $0.1 million of gains on the sales, which is recorded in “Other income” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

Real estate-related intangible assets, net consist of the following items ($ in thousands):

	As of September 30, 2023
	Gross		Accumulated		Carrying
	Intangible		Amortization		Value
Above-market lease assets, net(1)	$	186,002	$	(17,605)	$	168,397
In-place lease assets, net(2)		65,345		(21,678)		43,667
Other intangible assets, net		750		(43)		707
Total	$	252,097	$	(39,326)	$	212,771

	As of December 31, 2022
	Gross		Accumulated		Carrying
	Intangible		Amortization		Value
Above-market lease assets, net(1)	$	186,002	$	(15,254)	$	170,748
In-place lease assets, net(2)		65,345		(19,011)		46,334
Other intangible assets, net		750		(37)		713
Total	$	252,097	$	(34,302)	$	217,795

(1) Above-market lease assets are recognized during asset acquisitions when the present value of market rate rental cash flows over the term of a lease is less than the present value of the contractual in-place rental cash flows. Above-market lease assets are amortized over the non-cancelable term of the leases.

(2) In-place lease assets are recognized during asset acquisitions and are estimated based on the value associated with the costs avoided in originating leases comparable to the acquired in-place leases as well as the value associated with lost rental revenue during the assumed lease-up period. In-place lease assets are amortized over the non-cancelable term of the leases.

24

Safehold Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

The amortization of real estate-related intangible assets had the following impact on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 ($ in thousands):

	Income Statement	For the Three Months Ended September 30,
Intangible asset	Location	2023		2022
Above-market lease assets (decrease to income)	Operating lease income	$	784	$	784
In-place lease assets (decrease to income)	Depreciation and amortization		889		898
Other intangible assets (decrease to income)	Operating lease income		2		2

	Income Statement	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
Intangible asset	Location	2023		2022
Above-market lease assets (decrease to income)	Operating lease income	$	2,351	$	2,351
In-place lease assets (decrease to income)	Depreciation and amortization		2,667		2,688
Other intangible assets (decrease to income)	Operating lease income		6		6

The estimated amortization of real estate-related intangible assets for each of the five succeeding fiscal years is as follows ($ in thousands):⁽¹⁾

Year	Amount
2023 (remaining three months)	$	1,658
2024		6,634
2025		6,634
2026		3,725
2027		3,725

(1) As of September 30, 2023, the weighted average amortization period for the Company’s real estate-related intangible assets was approximately 80.3 years.

Real estate-related intangible liabilities, net consist of the following items ($ in thousands):

	As of September 30, 2023
	Gross		Accumulated		Carrying
	Intangible		Amortization		Value
Below-market lease liabilities(1)	$	68,618	$	(4,655)	$	63,963

	As of December 31, 2022
	Gross		Accumulated		Carrying
	Intangible		Amortization		Value
Below-market lease liabilities(1)	$	68,618	$	(4,027)	$	64,591

(1) Below-market lease liabilities are recognized during asset acquisitions when the present value of market rate rental cash flows over the term of a lease exceeds the present value of the contractual in-place rental cash flows. Below-market lease liabilities are amortized over the non-cancelable term of the leases.

25

Safehold Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

The amortization of real estate-related intangible liabilities had the following impact on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 ($ in thousands):

	Income Statement	For the Three Months Ended September 30,
Intangible liability	Location	2023		2022
Below-market lease liabilities (increase to income)	Operating lease income	$	209	$	209

	Income Statement	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
Intangible liability	Location	2023		2022
Below-market lease liabilities (increase to income)	Operating lease income	$	628	$	628

Future Minimum Operating Lease Payments—Future minimum lease payments to be collected under non-cancelable operating leases, excluding lease payments that are not fixed and determinable, in effect as of September 30, 2023, are as follows by year ($ in thousands):

			Fixed Bumps						Fixed
			with						Bumps with
	Inflation-		Inflation		Fixed		Percentage		Percentage
Year	Linked		Adjustments		Bumps		Rent		Rent		Total
2023 (remaining three months)	$	1,453	$	4,363	$	559	$	2,755	$	105	$	9,235
2024		5,811		17,677		2,247		11,018		421		37,174
2025		5,811		18,004		2,313		11,018		421		37,567
2026		5,811		18,370		2,357		986		421		27,945
2027		5,811		18,755		2,388		986		421		28,361
Thereafter		435,056		4,308,109		433,110		15,826		304		5,192,405

(1) During the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized $0.2 million and $0.2 million, respectively, of percentage rent in “Operating lease income” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized $4.2 million and $1.1 million, respectively, of percentage rent in “Operating lease income” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

26

Safehold Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

Note 6—Equity Investments

The Company’s equity investments and its proportionate share of earnings (losses) from equity investments were as follows ($ in thousands):

					Earnings from				Earnings from
	Carrying Value				Equity Method Investments				Equity Method Investments(1)
	as of				For the Three Months Ended				For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,		December 31,		September 30,				September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022
Equity investment
425 Park Avenue	$	134,762	$	133,118	$	938	$	863	$	2,645	$	2,540
32 Old Slip		51,145		47,270		1,406		1,381		4,253		4,232
Ground Lease Plus Fund(1)		61,308		—		1,825		—		3,513		—
Leasehold Loan Fund(2)		39,903		—		3,282		—		6,109		—
Total	$	287,118	$	180,388	$	7,451	$	2,244	$	16,520	$	6,772

(1) As of September 30, 2023, the Company has a basis difference of $20.2 million in the Ground Lease Plus Fund that will be amortized over a weighted average remaining term of 100.6 years using the effective interest method. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, $0.8 million and $1.6 million, respectively, of the basis difference was amortized as an increase to earnings from equity method investments.

(2) As of September 30, 2023, the Company has a basis difference of $12.3 million in the Leasehold Loan Fund that will be amortized over a weighted average remaining term of 3.3 years using the effective interest method. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, $1.0 million and $2.0 million, respectively, of the basis difference was amortized as an increase to earnings from equity method investments.

425 Park Avenue—In August 2019, the Company formed a venture with a sovereign wealth fund that is an existing shareholder of the Company to acquire the existing Ground Lease at 425 Park Avenue in New York City. The venture acquired the Ground Lease in November 2019. The Company has a 54.8% noncontrolling equity interest in the venture and is the manager of the venture. iStar was the manager prior to the Merger.

32 Old Slip—In June 2021, the Company acquired a 29.2% noncontrolling equity interest in a Ground Lease at an office property in New York City.

Ground Lease Plus Fund—In connection with Merger, the Company acquired from iStar an investment fund that iStar managed that targets the origination and acquisition of Ground Leases for commercial real estate projects that are in a pre-development phase (the “Ground Lease Plus Fund”). The Company owns a 53% noncontrolling equity interest in the Ground Lease Plus Fund. The Company does not have a controlling interest in the Ground Lease Plus Fund due to the substantive participating rights of its partner and accounts for this investment as an equity method investment. The Company receives a fee from its partner in exchange for managing the entity and is also entitled to a promote payment on investments in the Ground Lease Plus Fund. The Ground Lease Plus Fund has first look rights through December 2023 on qualifying pre-development projects that the Company has elected to not originate.

In November 2021, iStar acquired land for $33.3 million and simultaneously structured and entered into a Ground Lease on which a multi-family project will be constructed (refer also to Note 13). In December 2021, iStar sold the Ground Lease to the Ground Lease Plus Fund and recognized no gain or loss on the sale. At the time of iStar’s acquisition in November 2021, the Company and iStar entered into an agreement pursuant to which the Company would acquire the land and related Ground Lease from the Ground Lease Plus Fund when certain construction related conditions are met by a specified time period.

In June 2021, the Company entered into two agreements pursuant to each of which it agreed to acquire land and a related Ground Lease originated by iStar when certain construction related conditions are met by a specified time period.

27

Safehold Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

In January 2022, iStar sold the two Ground Leases to the Ground Lease Plus Fund, which remain subject to the June 2021 agreement with the Company, and recognized an aggregate $0.5 million of gains on the sale.

Leasehold Loan Fund—In connection with the Merger, the Company acquired from iStar an investment fund that iStar managed that targets customers that may require a mortgage leasehold loan as well as a Ground Lease (the “Leasehold Loan Fund”). The Company owns a 53.0% noncontrolling equity interest in the Leasehold Loan Fund. The Company does not have a controlling interest in the Leasehold Loan Fund due to the substantive participating rights of its partner. The Company accounts for this investment as an equity method investment and receives a fixed annual administrative fee and an asset management fee from its partner in exchange for managing the entity. The Company is also entitled to a promote payment on certain investments in the Leasehold Loan Fund.

In February 2022, the Leasehold Loan Fund committed to provide a $130.0 million loan to the ground lessee of a Ground Lease originated by the Company. The loan was for the Ground Lease tenant’s recapitalization of a life science property. As of September 30, 2023, the Company has not funded any of the commitment.

In June 2022, the Leasehold Loan Fund committed to provide a $105.0 million loan to the ground lessee of a Ground Lease originated by the Company. The loan was for the Ground Lease tenant’s recapitalization of a mixed-use property. As of September 30, 2023, $39.5 million of the commitment has been funded.

Note 7—Deferred Expenses and Other Assets, Net and Accounts Payable, Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities

Deferred expenses and other assets, net, consist of the following items ($ in thousands):

	As of
	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Operating lease right-of-use asset(1)	$	34,981	$	26,312
Interest rate hedge assets		92,616		29,346
Deferred finance costs, net(2)		5,031		4,461
Other assets(3)		15,619		2,664
Purchase deposits		3,373		4,333
Leasing costs, net		441		448
Corporate furniture, fixtures and equipment, net		1,078		—
Deferred expenses and other assets, net	$	153,139	$	67,564

(1) Operating lease right-of-use asset relates primarily to a property that is majority-owned by a third party and is ground leased to the Company. The Company is obligated to pay the owner of the property $0.5 million, subject to adjustment for changes in the CPI, per year through 2044; however, the Company’s Ground Lease tenant at the property pays this expense directly under the terms of a master lease. Operating lease right-of-use asset is amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease and is recorded in “Real estate expense” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. During both the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized $0.1 million in “Real estate expense” and $0.1 million in “Other income” from its operating lease right-of-use asset. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized $0.4 million and $0.3 million, respectively, in “Real estate expense” and $0.4 million and $0.3 million, respectively, in “Other income” from its operating lease right-of-use asset. The related operating lease liability (see table below) equals the present value of the minimum rental payments due under the lease discounted at the Company’s incremental secured borrowing rate for a similar asset estimated to be 5.5%. The Company also has operating leases for office space that it assumed from iStar in connection with the Merger (refer to Note 9).

(2) Accumulated amortization of deferred finance costs was $9.7 million and $5.7 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

(3) As of September 30, 2023, includes $6.9 million of management fees due from Star Holdings. Through September 30, 2023, the Company has earned $13.2 million of management fees from Star Holdings and as of September 30, 2023, $36.8 million of the transaction price is attributable to performance obligations that remain unsatisfied.

28

Safehold Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities consist of the following items ($ in thousands):

	As of
	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Interest payable	$	63,232	$	55,459
Other liabilities(1)		14,671		17,639
Dividends declared and payable		12,907		11,067
Operating lease liability(2)		17,047		5,471
Management fee payable		—		5,301
Accrued expenses(3)		15,129		5,420
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	$	122,986	$	100,357

(1) As of December 31, 2022, other liabilities include $3.1 million due to the Former Manager for allocated payroll costs and costs it paid on the Company’s behalf.

(2) Refer to Note 9.

(3) As of September 30, 2023, accrued expenses includes accrued compensation, legal, audit and property expenses. As of December 31, 2022, accrued expenses includes accrued legal, audit and property expenses.

29

Safehold Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

Note 8—Debt Obligations, net

The Company’s outstanding debt obligations consist of the following ($ in thousands):

	As of				Interest		Scheduled
	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022		Rate(1)		Maturity Date(2)
Secured credit financing:
Mortgages	$	1,498,113	$	1,498,113	3.99	%	April 2027 to November 2069
Total secured credit financing(3)		1,498,113		1,498,113
Unsecured financing:
2.80% senior notes		400,000		400,000	2.80	%	June 2031
2.85% senior notes		350,000		350,000	2.85	%	January 2032
3.98% senior notes		475,000		475,000	3.98	%	February 2052
5.15% senior notes		154,001		151,988	5.15	%	May 2052
2021 Unsecured Revolver		1,003,000		690,000	Adjusted SOFR plus 0.90	%	March 2026
2023 Unsecured Revolver		—		—	Adjusted SOFR plus 0.90	%	July 2025
Trust preferred securities		100,000		—	Adjusted SOFR plus 1.50	%	October 2035
Total unsecured financing		2,482,001		2,066,988
Total debt obligations		3,980,114		3,565,101
Debt premium, discount and deferred financing costs, net		(42,287)		(43,742)
Total debt obligations, net	$	3,937,827	$	3,521,359

(1) For mortgages, represents the weighted average stated interest rate over the term of the debt from funding through maturity based on the contractual payments owed excluding the effect of debt premium, discount and deferred financing costs. As of September 30, 2023, the weighted average cash interest rate for the Company’s consolidated mortgage debt, based on interest rates in effect at that date, was 3.30%. The difference between the weighted average interest rate and the weighted average cash interest rate is recorded to interest payable within “Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. As of September 30, 2023, the Company’s combined weighted average stated interest rate and combined weighted average cash interest rate of the Company’s consolidated mortgage debt, the mortgage debt of the Company’s unconsolidated ventures (applying the Company’s percentage interest in the ventures - refer to Note 6), unsecured senior notes and trust preferred securities were 3.85% and 3.32%, respectively. In October 2023, the Company’s interest rates on the 2021 Unsecured Revolver and the 2023 Unsecured Revolver decreased to Adjusted SOFR plus 0.90% as a result of a credit ratings upgrade.

(2) Represents the extended maturity date for all debt obligations.

(3) As of September 30, 2023, $2.0 billion of real estate, at cost, net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables served as collateral for the Company’s debt obligations.

Mortgages—Mortgages consist of asset specific non-recourse borrowings that are secured by the Company’s real estate and Ground Leases. As of September 30, 2023, the Company’s mortgages are full term interest only, bear interest at a weighted average interest rate of 3.99% and have maturities between April 2027 and November 2069.

Unsecured Notes—In May 2021, Portfolio Holdings, then known as Safehold Operating Partnership LP, (as issuer) and the Company (as guarantor), issued $400.0 million aggregate principal amount of 2.80% senior notes due June 2031 (the “2.80% Notes”). The 2.80% Notes were issued at 99.127% of par. The Company may redeem the 2.80% Notes in whole at any time or in part from time to time prior to March 15, 2031, at the Company’s option and sole discretion, at a redemption price equal to the greater of: (i) 100% of the principal amount of the 2.80% Notes being redeemed; and (ii) a make-whole premium calculated in accordance with the indenture, plus, in each case, accrued and unpaid interest thereon to, but not including, the applicable redemption date. If the 2.80% Notes are redeemed on or after March 15, 2031, the

30

Safehold Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

redemption price will be equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2.80% Notes being redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to, but not including, the applicable redemption date.

In November 2021, Portfolio Holdings, then known as Safehold Operating Partnership LP, (as issuer) and the Company (as guarantor), issued $350.0 million aggregate principal amount of 2.85% senior notes due January 2032 (the “2.85% Notes”). The 2.85% Notes were issued at 99.123% of par. The Company may redeem the 2.85% Notes in whole at any time or in part from time to time prior to October 15, 2031, at the Company’s option and sole discretion, at a redemption price equal to the greater of: (i) 100% of the principal amount of the 2.85% Notes being redeemed; and (ii) a make-whole premium calculated in accordance with the indenture, plus, in each case, accrued and unpaid interest thereon to, but not including, the applicable redemption date. If the 2.85% Notes are redeemed on or after October 15, 2031, the redemption price will be equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2.85% Notes being redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to, but not including, the applicable redemption date.

In January 2022, Portfolio Holdings, then known as Safehold Operating Partnership LP, (as issuer) and the Company (as guarantor), issued $475.0 million aggregate principal amount of privately-placed 3.98% senior notes due February 2052 (the “3.98% Notes”). Safehold Operating Partnership LP elected to draw these funds in March 2022. The Company may, at its option, prepay at any time all, or from time to time any part of, the 3.98% Notes, in an amount not less than 5% of the aggregate principal amount of the 3.98% Notes then outstanding in the case of a partial prepayment, at 100% of the principal amount so prepaid, and the applicable make-whole amount calculated in accordance with the indenture, for such tranche determined for the prepayment date with respect to such principal amount; provided, that, so long as no default or event of default shall then exist, at any time on or after November 15, 2051, the Company may, at its option, prepay all or any part of the 3.98% Notes at 100% of the principal amount so prepaid, together with, in each case, accrued interest to the prepayment date, without any make-whole amount. 

In May 2022, Portfolio Holdings, then known as Safehold Operating Partnership LP, (as issuer) and the Company (as guarantor), issued $150.0 million aggregate principal amount of privately-placed 5.15% senior notes due May 2052 (the “5.15% Notes”).  The structure of the 5.15% Notes features a stairstep coupon rate in which the Company will pay cash interest at a rate of 2.50% in years 1 through 10, 3.75% in years 11 through 20, and 5.15% in years 21 through 30. The difference between the 5.15% stated rate and the cash interest rate will accrue in each semi-annual payment period and be paid in kind by adding such accrued interest to the outstanding principal balance, to be repaid at maturity in May 2052. The Company may, at its option, prepay at any time all, or from time to time any part of, the 5.15% Notes, in an amount not less than 5% of the aggregate principal amount of the 5.15% Notes then outstanding in the case of a partial prepayment, at 100% of the principal amount so prepaid, and the applicable make-whole amount calculated in accordance with the indenture; provided, that, so long as no default or event of default shall then exist, at any time on or after February 13, 2052, the Company may, at its option, prepay all or any part of the 5.15% Notes at 100% of the principal amount so prepaid, together with, in each case, accrued interest to the prepayment date, without any make-whole amount. 

2021 Unsecured Revolver—In March 2021, Portfolio Holdings, then known as Safehold Operating Partnership LP, (as borrower) and the Company (as guarantor), entered into an unsecured revolving credit facility with an initial maximum aggregate principal amount of up to $1.0 billion (the “2021 Unsecured Revolver”). In December 2021, the Company obtained additional lender commitments increasing the maximum availability to $1.35 billion. The 2021 Unsecured Revolver has an initial maturity of March 2024 with two 12-month extension options exercisable by the Company, subject to certain conditions, and accrued interest at an annual rate of applicable LIBOR plus 0.90%, subject to the Company’s credit ratings. The Company also pays a facility fee of 0.10%, subject to the Company’s credit ratings. In January 2023, the Company amended the 2021 Unsecured Revolver primarily to transition from LIBOR to Adjusted SOFR, as defined in the applicable agreement. As of September 30, 2023, there was $347.0 million of undrawn capacity on the 2021 Unsecured Revolver.

31

Safehold Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

2023 Unsecured Revolver—In January 2023, Portfolio Holdings, then known as Safehold Operating Partnership LP (as borrower) and the Company (as guarantor) closed on a new $500 million unsecured revolving credit facility (the “2023 Unsecured Revolver”). The 2023 Unsecured Revolver has a current borrowing rate of Adjusted SOFR, as defined in the applicable agreement, plus 90 basis points, subject to the Company’s credit ratings, with a maturity of July 31, 2025. As of September 30, 2023, there was $500.0 million of undrawn capacity on the 2023 Unsecured Revolver.

Trust Preferred Securities—The Company assumed trust preferred securities from iStar in connection with Merger. The trust preferred securities bear interest at three-month Adjusted Term SOFR plus 1.50%.

Debt Covenants—The Company is subject to financial covenants under the 2021 Unsecured Revolver and the 2023 Unsecured Revolver, including maintaining: (i) a ratio of total unencumbered assets to total unsecured debt of at least 1.33x; and (ii) a consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio of at least 1.15x, as such terms are defined in the documents governing the 2021 Unsecured Revolver and the 2023 Unsecured Revolver, as applicable. In addition, the 2021 Unsecured Revolver and the 2023 Unsecured Revolver contain customary affirmative and negative covenants. Among other things, these covenants may restrict the Company or certain of its subsidiaries’ ability to incur additional debt or liens, engage in certain mergers, consolidations and other fundamental changes, make other investments or pay dividends. The Company’s 2.80% Notes, 2.85% Notes, 3.98% Notes and 5.15% Notes are subject to a financial covenant requiring a ratio of unencumbered assets to unsecured debt of at least 1.25x and contain customary affirmative and negative covenants. The Company’s 3.98% Notes and 5.15% Notes contain a provision whereby they will be deemed to include additional financial covenants and negative covenants to the extent such covenants are incorporated into Portfolio Holdings’ and/or the Company’s existing or future material credit facilities, including the 2021 Unsecured Revolver and 2023 Unsecured Revolver, and to the extent such covenants are more favorable to the lenders under such material credit facilities than the covenants contained in the 3.98% Notes and 5.15% Notes. The Company’s mortgages contain no significant maintenance or ongoing financial covenants. As of September 30, 2023, the Company was in compliance with all of its financial covenants.

Future Scheduled Maturities—As of September 30, 2023, future scheduled maturities of outstanding debt obligations, assuming all extensions that can be exercised at the Company’s option, are as follows ($ in thousands):

	Secured(1)		Unsecured		Total
2023 (remaining three months)	$	—	$	—	$	—
2024		—		—		—
2025		—		—		—
2026		—		1,003,000		1,003,000
2027		237,000		—		237,000
Thereafter		1,261,113		1,479,001		2,740,114
Total principal maturities		1,498,113		2,482,001		3,980,114
Debt premium, discount and deferred financing costs, net		(26,580)		(15,707)		(42,287)
Total debt obligations, net	$	1,471,533	$	2,466,294	$	3,937,827

(1) As of September 30, 2023, the Company’s weighted average maturity for its secured mortgages was 27.8 years.

32

Safehold Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

Note 9—Commitments and Contingencies

Lease Commitments—Future minimum lease obligations under non-cancelable operating leases as of September 30, 2023 are as follows ($ in thousands):⁽¹⁾

2023 (remaining three months)	$	1,422
2024		5,692
2025		5,680
2026		—
2027		—
Thereafter		—
Total undiscounted cash flows		12,794
Present value discount(1)		(1,112)
Other adjustments(2)		5,365
Lease liabilities	$	17,047

(1) The lease liability equals the present value of the minimum rental payments due under the lease discounted at the rate implicit in the lease or the Company’s incremental secured borrowing rate for similar collateral. For operating leases, lease liabilities were discounted at the Company’s weighted average incremental secured borrowing rate for similar collateral estimated to be 5.8% and the weighted average remaining lease term is 2.9 years. The Company assumed its operating leases from iStar in connection with the Merger and therefore did not directly make any payments under its operating leases for the three months ended March 31, 2023 or the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company made payments of $1.4 million and $2.9 million, respectively, related to its operating leases.

(2) Other adjustments relates to a property that is majority-owned by a third party and is ground leased to the Company. The Company is obligated to pay the owner of the property $0.5 million, subject to adjustment for changes in the CPI, per year through 2044; however, the Company’s Ground Lease tenant at the property pays this expense directly under the terms of a master lease.

Unfunded Commitments—The Company has unfunded commitments to certain of its Ground Lease tenants related to leasehold improvement allowances that it expects to fund upon the completion of certain conditions. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had $190.6 million of such commitments, excluding commitments to be funded by noncontrolling interests.

The Company also has unfunded forward commitments related to agreements that it entered into for the acquisition of new Ground Leases or additions to existing Ground Leases if certain conditions are met (refer to Note 13). These commitments may also include leasehold improvement allowances that will be funded to the Ground Lease tenants when certain conditions are met. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had an aggregate $283.6 million of such commitments. There can be no assurance that the conditions to closing for these transactions will be satisfied and that the Company will acquire the Ground Leases or fund the leasehold improvement allowances.

Other Commitments—Through the Leasehold Loan Fund, the Company will generally fund construction and development loans and build-outs of space in real estate assets over a period of time if and when the borrowers and tenants meet established milestones and other performance criteria. We refer to these arrangements as performance-based commitments. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had $118.9 million of such commitments.

Legal Proceedings—The Company evaluates developments in legal proceedings that could require a liability to be accrued and/or disclosed. Based on its current knowledge, and after consultation with legal counsel, the Company believes it is not a party to, nor are any of its properties the subject of, any pending legal proceeding that would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

33

Safehold Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

Note 10—Risk Management and Derivatives

In the normal course of its ongoing business operations, the Company encounters credit risk. Credit risk is the risk of default on the Company’s leases that result from a tenant’s inability or unwillingness to make contractually required payments.

Risk concentrations—Concentrations of credit risks arise when the Company has multiple leases with a particular tenant or credit party, or a number of the Company’s tenants are engaged in similar business activities, or activities in the same geographic region, or have similar economic features, such that their ability to meet contractual obligations, including those to the Company, could be similarly affected by changes in economic conditions.

Although the Company’s Ground Leases are geographically diverse and the tenants operate in a variety of industries and property types, to the extent the Company has a significant concentration of interest income from sales-type leases or operating lease income from any tenant, the inability of that tenant to make its payment could have a material adverse effect on the Company. The Company did not have a significant concentration of interest income from sales-type leases or operating lease income from any tenant for the periods presented.

Derivative instruments and hedging activity—The Company’s use of derivative financial instruments has been associated with debt issuances and primarily limited to the utilization of interest rate swaps and interest rate caps to manage interest rate risk exposure. The Company does not enter into derivatives for trading purposes.

The Company recognizes derivatives, if any, as either assets or liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets at fair value. Interest rate hedge assets are recorded in “Deferred expenses and other assets, net” and interest rate hedge liabilities are recorded in “Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. If certain conditions are met, a derivative may be specifically designated as a hedge of the exposure to changes in the fair value of a recognized asset or liability, a hedge of a forecasted transaction or the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability.

For the Company’s derivatives designated and qualifying as cash flow hedges, changes in the fair value of the derivatives are reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and subsequently reclassified into interest expense in the same periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on the Company’s debt. If a derivative includes an other-than-insignificant financing element at inception, when the Company is deemed to be the lender all cash inflows and outflows of the derivative are considered cash flows from investing activities in the Company’s consolidated statements of cash flows and when the Company is deemed to be the borrower all cash inflows and outflows of the derivative are considered cash flows from financing activities in the Company’s consolidated statements of cash flows.

For the Company’s derivatives not designated as hedges, the changes in the fair value of the derivatives are reported in “Interest expense” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Derivatives not designated as hedges are not speculative and are used to manage the Company’s exposure to interest rate movements and other identified risks but do not meet the strict hedge accounting requirements.

34

Safehold Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

The table below presents the Company’s derivatives as well as their classification on the consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 ($ in thousands):⁽¹⁾

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
	Fair		Fair		Balance Sheet
Derivative Type	Value(2)		Value(2)		Location
Assets
Interest rate swaps	$	92,616	$	29,346	Deferred expenses and other assets, net
Total	$	92,616	$	29,346

(1) Over the next 12 months, the Company expects that $5.8 million related to cash flow hedges will be reclassified from “Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)” as a decrease to interest expense.

(2) The fair value of the Company’s derivatives is estimated using valuation techniques utilized by a third-party specialist using observable inputs such as interest rates and contractual cash flow and are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy.

Credit Risk-Related Contingent Features—The Company reports derivative instruments, if any, on a gross basis in its consolidated financial statements. The Company has agreements with each of its derivative counterparties that contain a provision whereby if the Company either defaults or is capable of being declared in default on any of its indebtedness, then the Company could also be declared in default on its derivative obligations.

The table below presents the effect of the Company’s derivative financial instruments in the consolidated statements of operations and the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the three and months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 ($ in thousands):

				Amount of Gain
		Amount of Gain		(Loss) Reclassified
		(Loss) Recognized		from Accumulated
		in Accumulated		Other
	Location of Gain (Loss)	Other		Comprehensive
	When Recognized in	Comprehensive		Income into
Derivatives Designated in Hedging Relationships	Income	Income		Earnings
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Interest rate swaps	Interest expense	$	53,834	$	1,494
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
Interest rate swaps	Interest expense	$	18,587	$	(943)
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Interest rate swaps	Interest expense	$	59,632	$	1,454
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Interest rate swaps	Interest expense	$	29,615	$	(2,945)

Note 11—Equity

Common Stock—At the effective time of the Merger on March 31, 2023, each share of Old SAFE common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time (other than any shares owned directly by iStar or any of the wholly-owned subsidiaries of iStar and in each case not held on behalf of third parties) was converted into the right to receive one share of newly issued common stock of the Company. As of September 30, 2023, the Company has one class of common stock outstanding.

In April 2023, the Company filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) an automatic shelf registration statement on Form S-3ASR. In addition, the Company and Portfolio Holdings entered into an ATM Equity Offering Sales Agreement (the “Primary Sales Agreement”) with the sales agents named therein pursuant to which

35

Safehold Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

the Company may sell, from time to time, shares of its common stock, $0.01 par value per share (“Common Stock”), having an aggregate gross sales price of up to $300.0 million (the “Primary Shares”) through or to the sales agents. The Company may sell the Primary Shares in amounts and at times to be determined by the Company from time to time but has no obligation to sell any of the Primary Shares. Actual sales, if any, will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by the Company from time to time, including, among other things, market conditions, the trading price of the Common Stock, capital needs and determinations by the Company of the appropriate sources of its funding. Through September 30, 2023, the Company has not sold any shares of its common stock through the Primary Sales Agreement.

In August 2023,  the Company sold 6,500,000 shares of its common stock in an underwritten public offering for gross proceeds of $139.1 million. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer purchased $1.4 million in shares, or 65,420 shares, from the underwriters in the offering. The underwriters received the same underwriting discount with respect to these shares as they did from other shares of common stock sold to the public in the underwritten offering. Concurrently with the public offering, the Company sold $12.8 million in shares, or 599,983 shares, of its common stock to affiliates of MSD Partners in a private placement. The Company incurred a total of approximately $6.6 million of offering costs in connection with these transactions which were recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital. 

Equity Plans—Old SAFE adopted an equity incentive plan to provide equity incentive opportunities to members of the Former Manager’s management team and employees who performed services for Old SAFE, Old SAFE’s non-management directors, advisers, consultants and other personnel (the “2017 Equity Incentive Plan”). The 2017 Equity Incentive Plan provided for grants of stock options, shares of restricted common stock, phantom shares, dividend equivalent rights and other equity-based awards, including long-term incentive plan units. Grants under the 2017 Equity Incentive Plan were recognized as compensation costs ratably over the applicable vesting period and recorded in “General and administrative” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Prior to the effective time of the Merger, Old SAFE awarded all shares of Old SAFE common stock remaining available for issuance under the 2017 Equity Incentive Plan to members of its Former Manager’s management team and employees who performed services for Old SAFE. As of September 30, 2023, there were no shares available for issuance for future awards under Old SAFE’s 2017 Equity Incentive Plan.

iStar’s amended and restated 2009 Long-Term Incentive Program (the “LTIP”) was approved by stockholders in 2021 and remained in effect after the closing of the Merger. The LTIP is designed to provide incentive compensation for officers, key employees, directors and advisors of the Company. The LTIP provides for awards of stock options, shares of restricted stock, phantom shares, restricted stock units, dividend equivalent rights and other share-based performance awards. All awards under the LTIP are made at the discretion of the Company’s Board of Directors. Grants under the LTIP are recognized as compensation costs ratably over the applicable vesting period and recorded in “General and administrative” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. In June 2023, the Company issued an aggregate 24,336 vested shares of its common stock with a grant date fair value of $23.58 per share to its directors in consideration for their annual service as directors. On June 20, 2023, the LTIP was further amended to, among other things, increase the aggregate number of shares of common stock available for issuance. As of September 30, 2023, an aggregate of 435,612 shares of the Company’s common stock remain available for awards under the LTIP.

During the third quarter of 2018, Old SAFE adopted, and in the second quarter of 2019, its stockholders approved, the Caret Performance Incentive Plan (the “Original Caret Performance Incentive Plan”). Under the Original Caret Performance Incentive Plan, 1,500,000 Caret units were reserved for grants of performance-based awards to Original Caret Performance Incentive Plan participants, including certain of executives of iStar, and Old SAFE’s directors and service providers. Grants under the Original Caret Performance Incentive Plan were subject to vesting based on time-based service conditions and hurdles relating to Old SAFE’s common stock price, all of which were satisfied as of December 31, 2022, except with respect to approximately 850 Caret units that are scheduled to vest on December 31, 2023. In connection with the Merger, certain of Old SAFE’s former executive officers, entered into re-vesting agreements pursuant to which the

36

Safehold Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

executives agreed to subject 25% of their previously vested Caret units to additional vesting conditions which will be satisfied on the second anniversary of the Merger, subject to the applicable executive’s continued employment through such date. In the event of a termination of the executive’s employment by the Company without “cause”, or due to the executive’s death, disability or retirement, the unvested Caret units shall continue to vest as and when the vesting conditions described above are satisfied.

In connection with the consummation of the Merger and the Caret Restructuring, Old SAFE, Caret Ventures and CARET Management Holdings LLC assigned each Award Agreement (as defined in the Original Caret Performance Incentive Plan) relating to outstanding Caret unit awards to Portfolio Holdings pursuant to the Omnibus Assignment, Assumption and Amendment Agreement, dated as of March 31, 2023 (the “Caret Assignment Agreement”). 

Following the effectiveness of the Caret Assignment Agreement, Old SAFE amended and restated the Original Caret Performance Incentive Plan (the “Amended Caret Performance Incentive Plan”).

Prior to the Merger, the Old SAFE compensation committee, and following the Merger, the Company’s compensation committee, approved the award of 76,801 new Caret units to executive officers and other employees, other than the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and the Company’s President and Chief Investment Officer, including 15,000 Caret units to the Company’s Chief Financial Officer. The new Caret unit awards were granted immediately following the Merger and the effectiveness of the Amended Caret Performance Incentive Plan, and cliff vest on the fourth anniversary of their grant date if the Company’s common stock has traded at an average per share price of $60.00 or more for at least 30 consecutive trading days during that four-year period.

As of September 30, 2023, and after giving effect to the Caret Restructuring and the post-Merger Caret unit awards, Amended Caret Performance Incentive Plan participants held 1,499,382 Caret units, representing 15.41% of the then-outstanding Caret units and 12.50% of the then-authorized Caret units.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized $1.0 million and $0.4 million in expense from Caret units, which is recorded in “General and administrative” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and “Noncontrolling interests” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

Noncontrolling Interests—Noncontrolling interests includes unrelated third-party equity interests in ventures that are consolidated in the Company’s consolidated financial statements and Caret units that have been sold to third-parties (refer to Note 1) or have been granted to employees of the Company’s Former Manager. See also “Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests” in Note 3.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)—Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) consists of net unrealized gains (losses) on the Company’s derivative transactions.

Dividends—The Company (then known as iStar) elected to be taxed as a REIT beginning with its taxable year ended December 31, 1998. To qualify as a REIT, the Company must annually distribute, at a minimum, an amount equal to 90% of its taxable income, excluding net capital gains, and must distribute 100% of its taxable income (including net capital gains) to eliminate corporate federal income taxes payable by the REIT. Because taxable income differs from cash flow from operations due to non-cash revenues and expenses (such as depreciation and other items), in certain circumstances, the Company may generate operating cash flow in excess of its dividends, or alternatively, may need to make dividend payments in excess of operating cash flows. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company declared cash dividends on its common stock of $35.3 million, or $0.531 per share, and $32.5 million, or $0.524 per share, respectively.

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Safehold Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

Note 12—Earnings Per Share

Earnings per share (“EPS”) is calculated by dividing net income attributable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of shares outstanding for the period. The following tables present a reconciliation of net income used in the basic and diluted EPS calculations ($ and shares in thousands, except for per share data):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net income (loss)	$	(122,846)	$	75,391	$	(96,019)	$	123,009
Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests		(123)		(9,314)		(138)		(9,381)
Net income (loss) attributable to Safehold Inc. common shareholders for basic and diluted earnings per common share	$	(122,969)	$	66,077	$	(96,157)	$	113,628

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Earnings attributable to common shares:
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per share:
Net income (loss) attributable to Safehold Inc. common shareholders - basic	$	(122,969)	$	66,077	$	(96,157)	$	113,628
Net income (loss) attributable to Safehold Inc. common shareholders - diluted	$	(122,969)	$	66,077	$	(96,157)	$	113,628
Denominator for basic and diluted earnings per share:(1)
Weighted average common shares outstanding for basic earnings per common share		67,979		63,393		65,214		61,991
Weighted average common shares outstanding for diluted earnings per common share		67,979		63,393		65,214		61,991
Basic and diluted earnings per common share:(1)
Net income (loss) attributable to Safehold Inc. common shareholders - basic	$	(1.81)	$	1.04	$	(1.47)	$	1.83
Net income (loss) attributable to Safehold Inc. common shareholders - diluted	$	(1.81)	$	1.04	$	(1.47)	$	1.83

(1) For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the effect of certain of the Company’s restricted stock awards were antidilutive due to the Company having a net loss for the period. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, weighted average shares outstanding and earnings per share have been recast in accordance with ASC 805 to reflect the exchange ratio used in the reverse acquisition.

Note 13—Related Party Transactions

Prior to the Merger, the Company was externally managed by an affiliate of iStar. iStar was an active real estate investor for over 20 years and had an extensive network for sourcing investments, which included relationships with brokers, corporate tenants and developers that it has established over its long operating history.

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Safehold Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

Management Agreement

A summary of the terms of the management agreement with iStar prior to the Merger is below:

Manager	SFTY Manager, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of iStar Inc.
Management Fee	Annual fee of 1.00% of total equity (up to $1.5 billion) Annual fee of 1.25% of total equity (for incremental equity of $1.5 billion to $3.0 billion) Annual fee of 1.375% of total equity (for incremental equity of $3.0 billion to $5.0 billion) and Annual fee of 1.5% of total equity (for incremental equity over $5.0 billion)
Management Fee Consideration	At the discretion of the Company’s independent directors, payment will be made in cash or in shares of the Company’s common stock (valued at the greater of: (i) the volume weighted average market price during a specified pricing period; or (ii) the initial public offering price of $20.00 per share)
Lock-up	Restriction from selling common stock received for management fees for two years from the date of such issuance (restriction will terminate in the event of and effective with the termination of the management agreement)
Incentive Fee	None
Term	Non-terminable through June 30, 2023, except for cause. Automatic annual renewals thereafter, subject to non-renewal upon certain findings by the Company’s independent directors and payment of termination fee.
Termination Fee	3x prior year’s management fee

During the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded $5.3 million in management fees to the Former Manager. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded $5.2 million and $15.0 million, respectively, in management fees to the Former Manager. These management fees are recorded in “General and administrative” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

Expense Reimbursements

The Company paid, or reimbursed iStar for, certain of the Company’s operating expenses as well as the costs of personnel performing certain legal, accounting, finance, due diligence tasks and other services, in each case except those specifically required to be borne or elected not to be charged by the iStar under the management agreement.

During the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Company was allocated $3.1 million in expenses from iStar. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company was allocated $3.1 million and $9.4 million, respectively, in expenses from iStar. These expenses are recorded in “General and administrative” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

Acquisitions and Commitments

Prior to the Merger, iStar participated in certain of the Company’s investment transactions, as the Company’s tenant or either as a seller of land or by providing financing to the Company’s Ground Lease tenants. The following is a list of transactions in which the Company and iStar or other persons deemed to be related parties have participated for the periods presented. These transactions were approved by the Company’s independent directors in accordance with the Company’s policy with respect to related party transactions.

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Safehold Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

In July 2022, the Company, pursuant to an agreement with iStar and upon certain construction related conditions being met, acquired an existing Ground Lease from iStar for $36.4 million inclusive of closing costs (refer to Note 4).

In June 2022, the Company acquired land and simultaneously structured and entered into a Ground Lease as part of the Ground Lease tenant’s recapitalization of a mixed-use property. The Company also committed to provide an additional $35.0 million to the Ground Lease tenant if certain construction and leasing milestones are met. The Leasehold Loan Fund, in which an affiliate of an existing shareholder (which is affiliated with one of the Company’s independent directors) owns a noncontrolling equity interest, committed to provide a $105.0 million loan to the Company’s Ground Lease tenant for the recapitalization of the leasehold. The Company paid the Leasehold Loan Fund $5.0 million of additional consideration in connection with this investment.

In April 2022, the Company acquired an existing Ground Lease from iStar for $9.0 million.

In March 2022, the Company acquired land for a purchase price of $28.5 million and simultaneously structured and entered into a Ground Lease as part of the Ground Lease tenant’s recapitalization of a hotel property. One of the Company’s independent directors has an indirect ownership interest in the entity that is the Ground Lease tenant and controls the company that indirectly manages that entity.

In March 2022, the Company paid iStar $0.3 million to terminate a purchase option that allowed iStar to purchase the land at the expiration of its Ground Lease with the Company. iStar sold the leasehold to a third party in March 2022.

In March 2022, the Company acquired three land properties from iStar for a total purchase price of $122.0 million and simultaneously structured and entered into three Ground Lease’s directly with the Ground Lease tenant.

In February 2022, the Company acquired land and simultaneously structured and entered into a Ground Lease as part of the Ground Lease tenant’s recapitalization of a life science development property. The Leasehold Loan Fund, in which an affiliate of an existing shareholder (which is affiliated with one of the Company’s independent directors) owns a noncontrolling equity interest, committed to provide a $130.0 million loan to the Company’s Ground Lease tenant for the recapitalization of the leasehold. The Company paid the Leasehold Loan Fund $9.0 million of additional consideration in connection with this investment.

In November 2021, the Company entered into an agreement pursuant to which it agreed to acquire land and a related Ground Lease originated by iStar when certain construction related conditions are met by a specified time period. The purchase price to be paid is $33.3 million, plus an amount necessary for iStar to achieve the greater of a 1.25x multiple or a 12% return on its investment. In addition, the Ground Lease documents contain future funding obligations to the Ground Lease tenant of approximately $51.8 million of leasehold improvement allowance upon achievement of certain milestones. In December 2021, iStar contributed the Ground Lease to the Ground Lease Plus Fund. The Company has a noncontrolling interest in the Ground Lease Plus Fund and an affiliate of an existing shareholder (which is affiliated with one of the Company’s independent directors) has a noncontrolling interest in the Ground Lease Plus Fund. The terms of the Company’s commitment under the agreement did not change upon iStar’s contribution of the Ground Lease to the Ground Lease Plus Fund. There can be no assurance that the conditions to closing will be satisfied and that the Company will acquire the Ground Lease from the Ground Lease Plus Fund. In May 2023, certain milestones were met by the tenant as it exited the pre-development stage and the tenant began accessing the leasehold improvement allowance. As of September 30, 2023, the Company funded $12.7 million of the leasehold improvement allowance.

In June 2021, the Company acquired from iStar a purchase option agreement for $1.2 million, which amount was equal to the deposit previously made by iStar under such option agreement plus assumption of iStar’s out of pocket costs and expenses in connection with entering into such option agreement. Under the option agreement, the Company had the

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Safehold Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

right to acquire for $215.0 million a property that is under a separate option for the benefit of a third party, whereby such third party has the right to enter into a Ground Lease and develop approximately 1.1 million square feet of office space. In September 2023, the Company terminated its acquisition right under the option agreement for $0.3 million and recognized a loss of $1.9 million, inclusive of the derecognition of previously-capitalized deal structuring costs. The loss is recorded in “Other expense” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

In June 2021, the Company entered into two agreements pursuant to each of which it agreed to acquire land and a related Ground Lease originated by iStar when certain construction related conditions are met by a specified time period. The purchase price to be paid for each is $42.0 million, plus an amount necessary for iStar to achieve the greater of a 1.25x multiple and a 9% return on its investment. In addition, each Ground Lease provides for a leasehold improvement allowance up to a maximum of $83.0 million, which obligation would be assumed by the Company upon acquisition. In January 2022, iStar sold the Ground Leases to the Ground Lease Plus Fund in which the Company owns a noncontrolling interest and an existing shareholder (which is affiliated with one of the Company’s independent directors) owns a noncontrolling interest. There can be no assurance that the conditions to closing will be satisfied and that the Company will acquire the properties and Ground Leases from the Ground Lease Plus Fund.

Caret units

In February 2022, Old SAFE sold an aggregate of 108,571 Caret units, 1.08% of the authorized Caret units, to a group of investors (refer to Note 3). In addition, an affiliate of an existing shareholder (which is affiliated with one of the Company’s independent directors) made a commitment to purchase 28,571 Caret units, or 0.29% of the authorized Caret units, for a purchase price of $5.0 million. As part of the sale, Old SAFE agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to provide public market liquidity for such Caret units by seeking to provide a listing of the Caret units (or securities into which they may be exchanged) on a public exchange within two years of the sale. In the event public market liquidity of the Caret units is not achieved within such two year period at a valuation not less than the purchase price for the Caret units purchased in February 2022, reduced by an amount equal to the amount of subsequent cash distributions made to investors on account of such Caret units, then the investors in the February 2022 transaction have the right to cause their Caret units purchased in February 2022 to be redeemed by Portfolio Holdings at such purchase price as so reduced.

On March 31, 2023, shortly before the closing of the Merger, iStar sold and affiliates of MSD Partners bought 5,405,406 shares of Old SAFE’s common stock then owned by iStar. On March 31, 2023, in conjunction with the closing of the Merger, affiliates of MSD Partners also purchased 100,000 Caret units (refer to Note 11) from the Company for an aggregate purchase price of $20.0 million. Additionally, on March 31, 2023, existing third-party Caret unit holders purchased an aggregate of 22,500 Caret units from the Company for an aggregate $4.5 million.

Star Holdings

On March 31, 2023, immediately prior to the closing of the Merger, the Company (then known as iStar Inc.) completed the Spin-Off, resulting in the spin-off of its remaining legacy assets and certain other assets pursuant to a separation and distribution agreement (the “Separation and Distribution Agreement”), dated as of March 31, 2023, by and between the Company and Star Holdings. The Separation and Distribution Agreement sets forth, among other things, Star Holdings’ agreements with the Company regarding the principal transactions necessary to separate Star Holdings from the Company. It also sets forth other agreements that govern certain aspects of Star Holdings’ relationship with the Company after the Spin-Off relating to the transfer of assets and assumption of liabilities, cash assets, release of claims, insurance, non-solicitation, segregation of accounts and other matters. The Separation and Distribution Agreement also includes a mutual release by Star Holdings, on the one hand, and the Company, on the other hand, of the other party from certain specified liabilities, as well as mutual indemnification covenants pursuant to which Star Holdings and the Company have agreed to indemnify each other from certain specified liabilities.

41

Safehold Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

SpinCo Manager has entered into a management agreement with Star Holdings, pursuant to which it will operate and pursue the orderly monetization of Star Holding’s assets. Pursuant to the management agreement, Star Holdings pays to SpinCo Manager an annual management fee of $25.0 million in year one, $15.0 million in year two, $10.0 million in year three and $5.0 million in year four and 2.0% of the gross book value of Star Holding's assets, excluding shares of the Company’s common stock, for each annual term thereafter. The management agreement has an initial one-year term and will be automatically renewed for successive one-year terms each anniversary date thereafter unless previously terminated. The management agreement may be terminated by Star Holdings without cause by not less than one hundred eighty days’ written notice to SpinCo Manager upon the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of Star Holdings’ independent directors, provided, however, that if the date of termination occurs prior to the fourth anniversary of the Spin-Off, the termination will be subject to payment of the applicable termination fee to SpinCo Manager. Star Holdings may also terminate the management agreement at any time, including during the initial term, with 30 days’ prior written notice from Star Holdings’ board of trustees for “cause,” as defined in the management agreement.

In the event of a termination without cause by Star Holdings prior to the fourth anniversary of the Spin-Off, Star Holdings will pay SpinCo Manager a termination fee of $50.0 million minus the aggregate amount of management fees actually paid to SpinCo Manager prior to the termination date. However, if Star Holdings has completed the liquidation of its assets on or before the termination date, the termination fee will consist of any portion of the annual management fee that remained unpaid for the remainder of the then current annual term plus, if the termination date occurs on or before the third anniversary of the Spin-Off, the amount of the management fee that would have been payable for the next succeeding annual term, or if the termination date occurs after the third anniversary of the Spin-Off, zero.

In the event of a termination by the Company based on a reduction in the amount of Star Holdings’ consolidated assets below designated thresholds, Star Holdings will pay SpinCo Manager a termination fee of $30.0 million if the termination occurs in the first year, $15.0 million if the termination occurs in the second year and $5.0 million if the termination occurs in the third year, in each case, plus the balance of any unpaid portion of the annual management fee for the applicable year.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded $6.0 million and $13.2 million, respectively, in management fees from Star Holdings. The management fees are included in “Other income” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

The Company and Star Holdings also entered into a governance agreement that places certain restrictions on the transfer and voting of the shares of the Company owned by Star Holdings, and a registration rights agreement under which the Company agreed to register such shares for resale in accordance with applicable securities laws. As of September 30, 2023, Star Holdings owned approximately 19.0% of the Company’s common stock outstanding through a wholly-owned subsidiary.

In April 2023, the Company, Portfolio Holdings and Star Investment Holdings SPV LLC (“Star Investment Holdings”), a subsidiary of Star Holdings, entered into an ATM Equity Offering Sales Agreement (the “Selling Stockholder Sales Agreement”) with the sales agents named therein pursuant to which Star Investment Holdings may sell, from time to time, subject to receiving the Company’s consent, up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Selling Stockholder Shares”) through or to the sales agents. Star Investment Holdings may sell the Selling Stockholder Shares in amounts and at times to be determined by the Star Investment Holdings, subject to receiving the Company’s consent, from time to time but has no obligation to sell any of the Selling Stockholder Shares. Actual sales, if any, will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by Star Investment Holdings from time to time, including, among other things, market conditions, the trading price of the Company’s common stock, capital needs and determinations by Star Investment Holdings of the appropriate sources of its funding.

42

Safehold Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

Note 14—Subsequent Events

On October 4, 2023, the Company entered into an amendment to the Star Holdings Term Loan Facility (refer to Note 4) with Star Holdings. The amendment provides that: (i) Star Holdings may access the existing $25.0 million additional commitment provided under the agreement to replenish funds expended by Star Holdings on or after October 4, 2023 to make voluntary prepayments under its margin loan facility; and (ii) Star Holdings will no longer have the right to pay interest in kind under the Star Holdings Term Loan Facility.

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Item 2.   Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Certain statements in this report, other than purely historical information, including estimates, projections, statements relating to our business plans, objectives and expected operating results, and the assumptions upon which those statements are based, are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Forward-looking statements are included with respect to, among other things, Safehold Inc.’s (the “Company’s”) current business plan, business strategy, portfolio management, prospects and liquidity. These forward-looking statements generally are identified by the words “believe,” “project,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “intend,” “strategy,” “plan,” “may,” “should,” “will,” “would,” “will be,” “will continue,” “will likely result,” and similar expressions. Forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and assumptions that are subject to risks and uncertainties which may cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from those contained in the forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. In assessing all forward-looking statements, readers are urged to read carefully all cautionary statements contained in this Form 10-Q and the uncertainties and risks described in “Risk Factors” filed as Exhibit 99.3 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 4, 2023, all of which could affect our future results of operations, financial condition and liquidity.

The discussion below should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, our 2022 Annual Report and our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 4, 2023. These historical financial statements may not be indicative of our future performance.

Merger Transaction

On August 10, 2022, Safehold Inc. (“Old SAFE”) entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with iStar Inc. (“iStar”), and on March 31, 2023, in accordance with the terms of the Merger Agreement, Old SAFE merged with and into iStar, at which time Old SAFE ceased to exist, and iStar continued as the surviving corporation and changed its name to “Safehold Inc.” For accounting purposes, the Merger is treated as a “reverse acquisition” in which iStar is considered the legal acquirer and Old SAFE is considered the accounting acquirer. As a result, the historical financial statements of Old SAFE became the historical financial statements of Safehold Inc. Unless the context otherwise requires, references to “iStar” refer to iStar prior to the Merger, and references to “we,” “our” and “the Company” refer to the business and operations of Old SAFE and its consolidated subsidiaries prior to the Merger and to Safehold Inc. (formerly known as iStar Inc.) and its consolidated subsidiaries following the consummation of the Merger. Periods presented prior to the Merger date of March 31, 2023 reflect the operations of Old SAFE and periods presented as of September 30, 2023 represent the financial statements of the Company.  

Additionally, in connection with the Merger, Safehold Operating Partnership LP converted from a Delaware limited partnership into a Delaware limited liability company and changed its name to “Safehold GL Holdings LLC” (“Portfolio Holdings”), with the Company as its managing member. In addition, holders of Caret units in Old SAFE’s subsidiary, Caret Ventures, contributed their interests in Caret Ventures to Portfolio Holdings in return for Caret units issued by Portfolio Holdings. Following the restructuring, 100% of the equity interests in Caret Ventures is held by Portfolio Holdings, and Portfolio Holdings is owned by the Company, management, of the Company, employees and former employees of the Company, affiliates of MSD Partners, and other outside investors.

We believe that the Merger will accelerate our market leadership in the Ground Lease industry and make us the only internally-managed, pure-play Ground Lease company in the public markets. 

Business Overview

We acquire, manage and capitalize Ground Leases and report our business as a single reportable segment. We believe owning a portfolio of Ground Leases affords our investors the opportunity for safe, growing income. Safety is derived from a Ground Lease’s senior position in the commercial real estate capital structure. Growth is realized through long-term leases with contractual periodic increases in rent. Capital appreciation is realized though appreciation in the value of the land over time and through our typical rights as landlord to acquire the commercial buildings on our land at

44

the end of a Ground Lease, which may yield substantial value to us. As of September 30, 2023, the percentage breakdown of the gross book value of our portfolio was 43% office, 37% multi-family, 12% hotels, 5% life science and 3% mixed use and other. The diversification by geographic location, property type and sponsor in our portfolio further reduces risk and enhances potential upside.

Many of our Ground Leases have CPI lookbacks, generally starting between years 11 and 21 of the lease term, to mitigate the effects of inflation that are typically capped between 3.0% - 3.5%; however, in the event cumulative inflation growth for the lookback period exceeds the cap, these rent adjustments may not keep up fully with changes in inflation. In 2022, the Consumer Price Index (“CPI”) rose to its highest rate in over 40 years. Since then the Federal Reserve has raised interest rates multiple times and it has stated that it is likely it will raise rates again. Any increase in interest rates may result in a reduction in the availability or an increase in costs of leasehold financing, which is critical to the growth of a robust Ground Lease market. An increase in interest rates could also increase the leasehold financing costs of our Ground Lease tenants and their ability to obtain leasehold financing.

The COVID-19 pandemic is not currently materially impacting our new investment activity, but we continue to monitor its potential impact, which could slow new investment activity because of reduced levels of real estate transactions and constrained conditions for equity and debt financing for real estate transactions, including leasehold loans. In addition, following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. office sector has been adversely affected by office vacancies, the rise in interest rates and a decline in market liquidity, all of which could negatively impact our tenants, Ground Rent Coverages and estimated Combined Property Values. See “Risk Factors” filed as Exhibit 99.3 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 4, 2023 for additional discussion of certain potential risks to our business arising from the COVID 19 pandemic. Moreover, the rise in interest rates and increased investment spreads to treasury bonds in the Ground Lease market may attract new competitors, which may result in higher costs for properties, lower returns and impact our ability to grow. See “Risk Factors” filed as Exhibit 99.3 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 4, 2023 for additional discussion of certain potential risks to our business related to competition.

We have chosen to focus on Ground Leases because we believe they meet an important need in the real estate capital markets for our customers. We also believe Ground Leases offer a unique combination of safety, income growth and the potential for capital appreciation for investors for the following reasons:

High Quality Long-Term Cash Flow: We believe that a Ground Lease represents a safe position in a property’s capital structure. The combined value of the land and buildings and improvements thereon subject to a Ground Lease (the “Combined Property Value”) typically significantly exceeds the Ground Lease landlord’s investment in the Ground Lease; therefore, even if the landlord takes over the property following a tenant default or upon expiration of the Ground Lease, the landlord is reasonably likely to recover substantially all of its Ground Lease investment, and possibly amounts in excess of its investment, depending upon prevailing market conditions. Additionally, the typical structure of a Ground Lease provides the landlord with a residual right to regain possession of its land and take ownership of the buildings and improvements thereon upon a tenant default. The landlord’s residual right provides a strong incentive for a Ground Lease tenant or its leasehold lender to make the required Ground Lease rent payments.

Income Growth: Ground Leases typically provide growing income streams through contractual base rent escalators that may compound over the duration of the lease. These rent escalators may be based on fixed increases, a CPI or a combination thereof, and may also include a participation in the gross revenues of the property. We believe that this growth in the lease rate over time can mitigate the effects of inflation and capture anticipated increases in land values over time, as well as serving as a basis for growing our dividend.

Opportunity for Capital Appreciation: The opportunity for capital appreciation comes in two forms. First, as the ground rent grows over time, the value of the Ground Lease should grow under market conditions in which capitalization rates remain flat. Second, our residual right to regain possession of the land underlying the Ground Lease and take title to the buildings and other improvements thereon at lease expiration or earlier termination of the lease for no additional consideration creates additional potential value to our shareholders.

We generally target Ground Lease investments in which the initial cost of the Ground Lease represents 30% to 45% of the Combined Property Value as if the Ground Lease did not exist. If the initial cost of a Ground Lease is equal to

45

35% of the Combined Property Value, the remaining 65% of the Combined Property Value represents potential excess value over the amount of our investment that would be turned over to us upon the reversion of the property, assuming no intervening change in the Combined Property Value. In our view, there is a strong correlation between inflation and commercial real estate values over time, which supports our belief that the value of our owned residual portfolio should increase over time as inflation increases, although our ability to recognize value in certain cases may be limited by the rights of our tenants under some of our Ground Leases, including tenant rights to purchase our land in certain circumstances and the right of one tenant to demolish improvements prior to the expiration of the lease. See “Risk Factors” filed as Exhibit 99.3 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 4, 2023 for additional discussion for a discussion of these tenant rights.

Owned Residual Portfolio: We believe that the residual right is a unique feature distinguishing Ground Leases from other fixed income investments and property types. We refer to the value of the land and improvements subject to a Ground Lease in excess of our investment basis as unrealized capital appreciation (“UCA”).  We track the UCA in our owned residual portfolio over our basis because we believe it provides relevant information with regard to the three key investment characteristics of our Ground Leases: (1) the safety of our position in a tenant’s capital structure; (2) the quality of the long-term cash flows generated by our portfolio rent that increases over time; and (3) increases and decreases in the Combined Property Value of the portfolio that reverts to us pursuant to such residual rights.

We believe that, similar to a loan to value metric, tracking changes in the value of our owned residual portfolio is useful as an indicator of the quality of our cash flows and the safety of our position in a tenant’s capital structure, which, in turn, supports our objective to pay and grow dividends over time. Observing changes in our owned residual portfolio value also helps us monitor changes in the value of the real estate portfolio that reverts to us under the terms of the leases, either at the expiration or earlier termination of the lease. The value may be realized by us at the relevant time by entering into a new lease reflecting then current market terms and values, selling the building, selling the building with the land, or operating the building directly and leasing the spaces to tenants at prevailing market rates.

We have engaged an independent valuation firm to prepare: (a) initial reports of the Combined Property Value associated with our Ground Lease portfolio; and (b) periodic updates of such reports, which we use, in part, to determine the current estimated value of our owned residual portfolio. We calculate this estimated value by subtracting our original aggregate cost basis in the Ground Leases from our estimated aggregate Combined Property Value, based on estimates by the valuation firm and by management.

The table below shows the current estimated UCA in our owned residual portfolio as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 ($ in millions):⁽¹⁾

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Combined Property Value(2)	$	16,154	$	16,529
Ground Lease Cost(2)		6,138		6,008
Unrealized Capital Appreciation in Our Owned Residual Portfolio		10,016		10,521

(1) Please review our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 31, 2023 for a discussion of the valuation methodology used and important limitations and qualifications of the calculation of UCA. See “Risk Factors-Certain tenant rights under our Ground Leases may limit the value and the UCA we are able to realize upon lease expiration, sale of our land and Ground Leases or other events” included in Exhibit 99.3 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 4, 2023 for a discussion of certain tenant rights and other terms of the leases that may limit our ability to realize value from the UCA.

(2) Combined Property Value includes one investment in our Ground Lease Plus Fund which has moved out of the pre-development stage and which, as a result, we are obligated to purchase when all conditions are satisfied (such conditions may or may not be satisfied), our applicable percentage interests in our unconsolidated Ground Lease ventures and $1,647.3 million and $1,653.2 million related to transactions with remaining unfunded commitments as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Combined Property Value excludes the term loan to Star Holdings, the assets in the Leasehold Loan Fund, the remainder of the Ground Lease Plus Fund assets and amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests. Ground Lease Cost includes one investment in our Ground Lease Plus Fund which has moved out of the pre-development stage and which, as a result, we are obligated to purchase when all conditions are satisfied (such conditions may or may not be satisfied), our applicable percentage interests in our unconsolidated Ground Lease ventures and $211.7 million (including amounts to be paid to the Ground Lease Plus Fund that we may be obligated to pay in order to purchase a certain investment) and $308.2 million of unfunded commitments as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Ground Lease Cost excludes the term loan to Star Holdings, the assets in the Leasehold Loan Fund, the remainder of the ground lease plus fund assets and amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests. As of September 30, 2023, our gross book value as a percentage of combined property value was 42%.

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In 2018, Old SAFE established the Caret program (as defined below). The Caret program is designed to recognize the two distinct components of value in our Ground Lease portfolio by separating them into:

● the “bond component,” which consists of the bond-like income stream we receive from contractual rent payments under our Ground Leases, plus the return of our investment basis in each asset; and

● the “Caret component,” which consists of the UCA above our investment basis in our Ground Leases due to our ownership of the land and improvements at the end of the term of the applicable Ground Lease.

Portfolio Holdings’ two classes of limited liability company interests are designed to track these two components: “GL units” are intended to track the bond component and “Caret units” are designed to track the Caret component (the “Caret program”). We currently hold all of the issued and outstanding GL units of Portfolio Holdings.

In general, all of our Ground Leases are subject to the Caret program, except for non-commercial Ground Leases and pre-development Ground Leases. Holders of Caret units are generally entitled to amounts equal to the net proceeds from the disposition of a Ground Lease asset in excess of the cost borne by us to acquire such asset (including amounts paid to the tenant in connection with the initial development of improvements at the properties). However, we are entitled to deduct (i) unrecovered acquisition costs borne by Portfolio Holdings following the termination of an applicable Ground Lease by reason of defaults of tenants; (ii) accrued unpaid rent under the applicable Ground Lease; and (iii) unrecovered costs relating to the issuance, maintenance and management of Caret units as a separate security, among other costs, from the amount payable to the holders of Caret units on account of such net proceeds. See “SAFE Proposal 2: The SAFE Caret Amendment Proposal” in our Registration Statement on Form S-4, filed with the SEC on December 16, 2022, for more information on the Caret program.

During the third quarter of 2018, Old SAFE adopted, and in the second quarter of 2019, its stockholders approved, the Caret Performance Incentive Plan (the “Original Caret Performance Incentive Plan”). Under the Original Caret Performance Incentive Plan, 1,500,000 Caret units were reserved for grants of performance-based awards to Original Caret Performance Incentive Plan participants, including certain executives of the Company, or its affiliates, directors of Old SAFE and service providers of Old SAFE. Initial grants under the Original Caret Performance Incentive Plan were subject to graduated vesting based on time-based service conditions and hurdles of our common stock price, all of which were satisfied as of December 31, 2022, except with respect to approximately 850 Caret units scheduled to vest on December 31, 2023. In connection with the Merger, certain of Old SAFE’s executive officers entered into re-vesting agreements pursuant to which the executives agreed to subject 25% of their previously vested Caret units to additional vesting conditions which will be satisfied on the second anniversary of the Merger, subject to the applicable executive’s continued employment through such date. In connection with the Merger, each Award Agreement (as defined in the Original Caret Performance Incentive Plan) related to outstanding Caret unit awards was assigned to Portfolio Holdings, and Old SAFE amended and restated amended and restated the Original Caret Performance Incentive Plan (the “Caret Performance Incentive Plan”). Following the merger, 76,801 Caret units were awarded to executive officers and other employees under such plan that are subject to cliff vesting on the fourth anniversary of their grant date if our common stock has traded at an average price of $60.00 or more for at least 30 consecutive trading days during that four-year period. As a result, as of September 30, 2023, vested and unvested Caret units beneficially owned by our officers and other employees represent approximately 15.41% of the outstanding Caret units and 12.50% of the authorized Caret units.

In addition to the Caret units awarded or reserved for issuance under our Caret Performance Incentive Plan, as of September 30, 2023, Old SAFE sold or contracted to sell an aggregate of 259,642 Caret units to third-party investors, including affiliates of MSD Partners and an entity affiliated with one of our independent directors. As of September 30, 2023, the Company owns 82.2% of the outstanding Caret units. In connection with the sale of 137,142 Caret units in February 2022 (28,571 of which were committed to be purchased at the time, but have not yet closed), Old SAFE agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to provide public market liquidity for such Caret units by seeking to provide a listing of the Caret units (or securities into which they may be exchanged) on a public exchange within two years of the sale. In the event market liquidity of the Caret units is not achieved within such two year period at a valuation not less than the purchase price for the Caret units purchased in February 2022, reduced by an amount equal to the amount of subsequent cash distributions made to investors on account of such Caret units, then the investors in the February 2022 transaction

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have the right to cause their Caret units purchased in February 2022 to be redeemed by Portfolio Holdings at such purchase price as so reduced.

On March 31, 2023, Old SAFE sold 100,000 Caret units to affiliates of MSD Partners for an aggregate purchase price of $20.0 million (refer to Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements) pursuant to a subscription agreement entered into on August 10, 2022 and sold an aggregate of 22,500 Caret units to third-party investors for an aggregate $4.5 million.

In September 2022, Old SAFE sold a Ground Lease in the Washington, D.C. market for $136.0 million to a third-party purchaser. The transaction generated a net book gain for us of approximately $46.4 million. After paying closing costs, establishing reserves for Caret-related expenses and deducting the original $76.7 million cost basis to us, the remaining proceeds have been distributed approximately 84% to Old SAFE and approximately 16% to the minority holders of Caret units. In addition, the affiliates of MSD Partners received a credit against their purchase price for Caret units equal to the amount they would have received had they held Caret units at the time of the distribution.

Market Opportunity: We believe that there is a significant market opportunity for a dedicated provider of Ground Lease capital like us. We believe that the market for existing Ground Leases is fragmented with ownership comprised primarily of high net worth individuals, pension funds, life insurance companies, estates and endowments. However, while we intend to pursue acquisitions of existing Ground Leases, our investment thesis is predicated, in part, on what we believe is an untapped market opportunity to expand the use of Ground Leases to a broader component of the approximately $7.0 trillion institutional commercial property market in the U.S. We intend to capture this market opportunity by utilizing multiple sourcing and origination channels, including manufacturing new Ground Leases with third-party owners and developers of commercial real estate and originating Ground Leases to provide capital for development and redevelopment. We further believe that Ground Leases generally represent an attractive source of capital for our tenants and may allow them to generate superior returns on their invested equity as compared to utilizing alternative sources of capital. Prior to the Merger, we relied on the extensive investment origination and sourcing platform of iStar, the parent company of our Former Manager, to actively promote the benefits of the Ground Lease structure to prospective Ground Lease tenants. Subsequent to the Merger and the acquisition of iStar and its employees, we are internally managed.

Additionally, we have created additional channels and products that allows us to build a larger, captive pipeline. In connection with the Merger, Old SAFE acquired iStar’s 53% interest in iStar’s two Ground Lease ecosystem funds, Ground Lease Plus Fund and Leasehold Loan Fund (refer to Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements). The Ground Lease Plus Fund includes 3 assets and targets high quality projects in pre-construction development phase with institutional developers. The Leasehold Loan Fund currently includes 4 assets and allows for customers to receive their full capital structure needs in one place. Customers are able to receive a mortgage leasehold loan as well as a Ground Lease through us. We also created “SAFExSWAP,” which is a program that allows real estate investors with existing ground leases to swap into one of our Ground Leases. Additionally, our product “SAFExSELL” provides clients with an opportunity to enter into a Ground Lease at the time of the sale of a real estate asset, generating greater proceeds than would normally be expected in connection with a fee simple sale.

Our Portfolio

Our portfolio of properties is diversified by property type and region. Our portfolio is comprised of Ground Leases and a master lease (relating to five hotel assets that we refer to as our “Park Hotels Portfolio”) that has many of the characteristics of a Ground Lease. As of September 30, 2023, our estimated portfolio Ground Rent Coverage was 3.7x (see the “Risk Factors -Our estimated UCA, Combined Property Value and Ground Rent Coverage, may not reflect the full potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and may decline materially in future periods, -We rely on Property NOI as reported to us by our tenants, -Our estimates of Ground Rent Coverage for properties in development or transition, or for which we do not receive current tenant financial information, may prove to be incorrect” filed as Exhibit 99.3 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 4, 2023 for a discussion of our estimated Ground Rent Coverage).

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Below is an overview of the top 10 assets in our portfolio as of September 30, 2023 (based on gross book value and excluding unfunded commitments):⁽¹⁾

			Lease
	Property		Expiration /	Rent Escalation	% of Gross
Property Name	Type	Location	As Extended	Structure	Book Value
425 Park Avenue(2)	Office	New York, NY	2090 / 2090	Fixed with Inflation Adjustments	5.8	%
135 West 50th Street	Office	New York, NY	2123 / 2123	Fixed with Inflation Adjustments	5.1	%
195 Broadway	Office	New York, NY	2118 / 2118	Fixed with Inflation Adjustments	4.8	%
Park Hotels Portfolio(3)	Hotel	Various	2025 / 2035	% Rent	3.6	%
20 Cambridgeside	Life Science	Cambridge, MA	2121 / 2121	Fixed with Inflation Adjustments	3.8	%
Alohilani	Hotel	Honolulu, HI	2118 / 2118	Fixed with Inflation Adjustments	3.5	%
685 Third Avenue	Office	New York, NY	2123 / 2123	Fixed with Inflation Adjustments	3.2	%
1111 Pennsylvania Avenue	Office	Washington, DC	2117 / 2117	Fixed with Inflation Adjustments	2.5	%
100 Cambridgeside	Mixed Use and Other	Cambridge, MA	2121 / 2121	Fixed with Inflation Adjustments	2.3	%
Columbia Center	Office	Washington, DC	2120 / 2120	Fixed with Inflation Adjustments	2.3	%

(1) Gross book value represents the historical purchase price plus accrued interest on sales-type leases.

(2) Gross book value for this property represents our pro rata share of the gross book value of our unconsolidated venture (refer to Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements).

(3) The Park Hotels Portfolio consists of five properties and is subject to a single master lease. A majority of the land underlying one of these properties is owned by a third party and is ground leased to us through 2044 subject to changes in the CPI; however, our tenant at the property pays this cost directly to the third party.

The following tables show our portfolio by top 10 markets and property type as of September 30, 2023, excluding unfunded commitments:

	% of Gross
Market	Book Value
Manhattan(1)	23	%
Washington, DC	11
Boston	7
Los Angeles	7
San Francisco	4
Denver	4
Honolulu	4
Nashville	4
Miami	3
Atlanta	3

(1) Total New York MSA including areas outside of Manhattan makes up 29% of gross book value.

	% of Gross
Property Type	Book Value
Office	43	%
Multifamily	37
Hotel	12
Life Science	5
Mixed Use and Other	3

Unfunded Commitments

We have unfunded commitments to certain of our Ground Lease tenants related to leasehold improvement allowances that we expect to fund upon the completion of certain conditions. As of September 30, 2023, we had $190.6 million of such commitments, excluding commitments to be funded by noncontrolling interests.

We also have unfunded forward commitments related to agreements that we entered into for the acquisition of new Ground Leases or additions to existing Ground Leases if certain conditions are met (refer to Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements). These commitments may also include leasehold improvement allowances that will be funded to the Ground Lease tenants upon the completion of certain conditions. As of September 30, 2023, we had an

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aggregate $283.6 million of such commitments.  There can be no assurance that the conditions to closing for these transactions will be satisfied and that we will acquire the Ground Leases or fund the leasehold improvement allowances.

Through the Leasehold Loan Fund, we also fund construction and development loans and build-outs of space in real estate assets over a period of time if and when the borrowers and tenants meet established milestones and other performance criteria. We refer to these arrangements as performance-based commitments. As of September 30, 2023, we had $118.9 million of such commitments.

Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2022

	For the Three Months Ended
	September 30,
	2023		2022		$ Change
	(in thousands)
Interest income from sales-type leases	$	59,130	$	54,736	$	4,394
Operating lease income		16,715		16,507		208
Interest income - related party		2,381		—		2,381
Other income		7,335		453		6,882
Total revenues		85,561		71,696		13,865
Interest expense		46,553		35,463		11,090
Real estate expense		1,001		866		135
Depreciation and amortization		2,519		2,407		112
General and administrative		17,860		9,551		8,309
Impairment of goodwill		145,365		—		145,365
Provision for credit losses		336		—		336
Other expense		2,169		6,073		(3,904)
Total costs and expenses		215,803		54,360		161,443
Gain on sale of net investment in lease		—		55,811		(55,811)
Earnings from equity method investments		7,451		2,244		5,207
Net income (loss) before income taxes		(122,791)		75,391		(198,182)
Income tax expense		(55)		—		(55)
Net income (loss)	$	(122,846)	$	75,391	$	(198,237)

Interest income from sales-type leases increased to $59.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 from $54.7 million for the same period in 2022. The increase was due primarily to the origination of new Ground Leases subsequent to September 30, 2022 and additional fundings on existing Ground Leases classified as sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables.

Operating lease income increased to $16.7 million during the three months ended September 30, 2023 from $16.5 million for the same period in 2022. The increase was due primarily to an increase in recovery income at certain properties.

Interest income – related party was $2.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and relates to the Star Holdings Term Loan Facility.

Other income for the three months ended September 30, 2023 includes $6.0 million of management fees from Star Holdings. In addition, other income for both the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 includes $0.1 million of other income relating to a Ground Lease in which we are the lessee but our tenant at the property pays this expense directly under the terms of a master lease. Other income for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 also includes $1.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively, of other ancillary income from our investments. The increase in other ancillary income in 2023 as compared to 2022 was primarily due to sublease income, interest income on our cash balances, fees earned on amendments to our Ground Leases and management and other fees earned from the funds that we manage.

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During the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we incurred interest expense from our debt obligations of $46.6 million and $35.5 million, respectively. The increase in 2023 was primarily the result of additional borrowings on our 2021 Unsecured Revolver which also accrued interest at higher rates in 2023 due to an increase in base interest rates.

Real estate expense was $1.0 million and $0.9 million during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which consisted primarily of the amortization of an operating lease right-of-use asset, legal fees, property taxes and insurance expense. In addition, during both the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we also recorded $0.1 million of real estate expense relating to a Ground Lease in which we are the lessee but our tenant at the property pays this expense directly under the terms of a master lease. The increase in 2023 was primarily the result of an increase in recoverable property taxes.

Depreciation and amortization was $2.5 million during the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to $2.4 million for the same period in 2022. Depreciation and amortization primarily relates to our ownership of the Park Hotels Portfolio and a multi-family property, the amortization of in-place lease assets, and beginning in the second quarter of 2023, depreciation on corporate fixed assets acquired in the Merger.

Subsequent to the Merger closing on March 31, 2023, general and administrative expenses primarily includes public company costs such as compensation (including equity-based compensation), occupancy and other costs. Prior to the Merger closing, general and administrative expenses included management fees, an allocation of expenses to us from our Former Manager, costs of operating as a public company and stock-based compensation (primarily to our non-management directors). The following table presents our general and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 ($ in thousands):

	For the Three Months Ended
	September 30,
	2023		2022
Public company and other costs(1)	$	10,403	$	1,088
Stock-based compensation		7,457		53
Management fees(2)		—		5,285
Expense reimbursements to the Former Manager(2)		—		3,125
Total general and administrative expenses	$	17,860	$	9,551

(1) For the three months ended September 30, 2023, public company and other costs primarily includes compensation, legal, insurance and occupancy costs.

(2) Refer to Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements.

During the three months ended September, 30, 2023, we recorded a full impairment of the goodwill that was recognized as a result of the Merger (refer to Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements).

During the three months ended September 30, 2023, we recorded a provision for credit losses of $0.3 million. The provision was primarily the result of a declining macroeconomic forecast on commercial real estate markets since June 30, 2023.

During the three months ended September 30, 2023, other expense consists primarily of $1.9 million from the derecognition of previously-capitalized deal structuring costs and also includes legal and consulting costs. During the three months ended September 30, 2022, other expense consists primarily of legal costs associated with our Merger with iStar (refer to Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements), fees related to our Caret units program, fees related to our derivative transactions and state margin taxes.

During the three months ended September 30, 2022, we sold a Ground Lease to a third-party for $136.0 million and recognized a gain on sale of net investment in lease of $55.8 million.

During the three months ended September 30, 2023, earnings from equity method investments resulted from our $0.9 million share of income from our 425 Park Avenue venture, our $1.4 million share of income from our 32 Old Slip venture, our $1.8 million share of income from the Ground Lease Plus Fund and our $3.3 million share of income from

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the Leasehold Loan Fund. During the three months ended September 30, 2022, earnings from equity method investments resulted from our $0.9 million share of income from our 425 Park Avenue venture and our $1.4 million share of income from our 32 Old Slip venture.

During the three months ended September 30, 2023, we recorded income tax expense of $0.1 million. Our TRS recorded aggregate current federal and state income tax expense of $1.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. In addition, during the three months ended September 30, 2023, our TRS recorded a deferred tax benefit in the amount of $0.9 million. The net deferred tax benefit relates primarily to equity-based compensation expense and net operating loss carryovers to which our TRS is a successor and which were finalized upon filing tax returns for periods prior to the Merger.

Results of Operations for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022

	For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2023		2022		$ Change
	(in thousands)
Interest income from sales-type leases	$	174,350	$	146,014	$	28,336
Operating lease income		54,366		49,925		4,441
Interest income - related party		4,762		—		4,762
Other income		16,073		1,004		15,069
Total revenues		249,551		196,943		52,608
Interest expense		133,482		91,050		42,432
Real estate expense		3,219		2,272		947
Depreciation and amortization		7,444		7,215		229
General and administrative		51,843		29,203		22,640
Impairment of goodwill		145,365		—		145,365
Provision for credit losses		2,625		—		2,625
Other expense		17,532		6,777		10,755
Total costs and expenses		361,510		136,517		224,993
Gain on sale of net investment in lease		—		55,811		(55,811)
Earnings from equity method investments		16,520		6,772		9,748
Net income (loss) before income taxes		(95,439)		123,009		(218,448)
Income tax expense		(580)		—		(580)
Net income (loss)	$	(96,019)	$	123,009	$	(219,028)

Interest income from sales-type leases increased to $174.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from $146.0 million for the same period in 2022. The increase was due primarily to the origination of new Ground Leases in 2022 and additional fundings on existing Ground Leases classified as sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables.

Operating lease income increased to $54.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from $49.9 million for the same period in 2022. The increase was due primarily to a $3.1 million increase in percentage rent, which was primarily attributable to our Park Hotels Portfolio for which we recognized no percentage rent in 2022 and an increase in recovery income in 2023.

Interest income – related party was $4.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and relates to the Star Holdings Term Loan Facility.

Other income for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 primarily includes $13.2 million of management fees from Star Holdings. In addition, other income for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 includes $0.4 million and $0.3 million, respectively, of other income relating to a Ground Lease in which we are the lessee but our tenant at the property pays this expense directly under the terms of a master lease. Other income for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 also includes $2.5 million and $0.7 million, respectively, of other ancillary income from our

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investments. The increase in other ancillary income in 2023 as compared to 2022 was primarily due to sublease income, interest income on our cash balances, fees earned on amendments to our Ground Leases and management and other fees earned from the funds that we manage.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we incurred interest expense from our debt obligations of $133.5 million and $91.1 million, respectively. The increase in 2023 was primarily the result of issuances of unsecured notes to fund our growing portfolio of Ground Leases and additional borrowings on our 2021 Unsecured Revolver which also accrued interest at higher rates in 2023 due to an increase in base interest rates.

Real estate expense was $3.2 million and $2.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which consisted primarily of the amortization of an operating lease right-of-use asset, legal fees, property taxes and insurance expense. In addition, during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we also recorded $0.4 million and $0.3 million, respectively, of real estate expense relating to a Ground Lease in which we are the lessee but our tenant at the property pays this expense directly under the terms of a master lease. The increase in 2023 was primarily the result of an increase in recoverable property taxes and other recoverable expenses.

Depreciation and amortization was $7.4 million and $7.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and primarily relates to our ownership of the Park Hotels Portfolio and a multi-family property, the amortization of in-place lease assets, and beginning in the second quarter of 2023, depreciation on corporate fixed assets acquired in the Merger.

Subsequent to the Merger closing on March 31, 2023, general and administrative expenses primarily includes public company costs such as compensation (including equity-based compensation), occupancy and other costs. Prior to the Merger closing, general and administrative expenses included management fees, an allocation of expenses to us from our Former Manager, costs of operating as a public company and stock-based compensation (primarily to our non-management directors). The following table presents our general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 ($ in thousands):

	For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2023		2022
Public company and other costs(1)	$	23,392	$	3,360
Stock-based compensation(2)		20,127		1,518
Management fees(3)		5,199		14,950
Expense reimbursements to the Manager(3)		3,125		9,375
Total general and administrative expenses	$	51,843	$	29,203

(1) For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, public company and other costs primarily includes compensation, legal, insurance and occupancy costs.

(2) For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, $4.7 million relates to the accelerated vesting of iStar’s equity-based compensation plans in connection with the Merger.

(3) Refer to Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements.

During the nine months ended September, 30, 2023, we recorded a full impairment of the goodwill that was recognized as a result of the Merger (refer to Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements).

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we recorded a provision for credit losses of $2.6 million. The provision was primarily the result of the adoption of a new accounting standard (refer to Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements) in 2023, which resulted in a $2.4 million provision on our loan receivable, net – related party.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, other expense consists primarily of legal and consulting costs, transfer taxes associated with the Merger (refer to Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements) and $1.9 million from the derecognition of previously-capitalized deal structuring costs. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, other expense consists primarily of legal costs associated with our Merger with iStar (refer to Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements), fees related to our Caret units program, unsuccessful pursuit costs and fees related to our derivative

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transactions. The increase during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily due to legal and consulting costs and transfer taxes incurred in connection with the Merger.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we sold a Ground Lease to a third-party for $136.0 million and recognized a gain on sale of net investment in lease of $55.8 million.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, earnings from equity method investments resulted from our $2.6 million share of income from our 425 Park Avenue venture, our $4.3 million share of income from our 32 Old Slip venture, our $3.5 million share of income from the Ground Lease Plus Fund and our $6.1 million share of income from the Leasehold Loan Fund. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, earnings from equity method investments resulted from our $2.5 million share of income from our 425 Park Avenue venture and our $4.2 million share of income from our 32 Old Slip venture.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we recorded income tax expense of $0.6 million. The income tax expense was primarily the result of current federal and state income tax expense in the amount of $1.4 million, which was partially offset by a deferred tax benefit in the amount of $0.9 million with respect to our TRS. In addition, the Company recorded other state and local income taxes in the amount of $0.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity is a measure of our ability to meet potential cash requirements, including to pay interest and repay borrowings, fund and maintain our assets and operations, complete acquisitions and originations of investments, make distributions to our shareholders and meet other general business needs. In order to qualify as a REIT, we are required under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to distribute to our shareholders, on an annual basis, at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains. We expect to make quarterly cash distributions to our shareholders sufficient to meet REIT qualification requirements.

In the first quarter 2021, we received investment-grade credit ratings from Moody's Investors Services of Baa1 and Fitch Ratings of BBB+. In October 2023, Moody’s Investors Services upgraded our credit ratings to A3 which reduced the interest rate on our unsecured revolvers (see below). We believe the strong credit profile we have established utilizing our modern Ground Leases and our current investment-grade credit ratings from Moody's Investors Services of A3 and Fitch Ratings of BBB+ will accelerate our ability to bring commercial real estate owners, developers and sponsors more efficiently priced capital and allows us significant operational and financial flexibility and supports our ability to scale our Ground Lease platform.

In the first quarter 2021, we entered into an unsecured revolver (refer to Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements) with a total capacity of $1.35 billion (the “2021 Unsecured Revolver”). In the second quarter 2021, the fourth quarter 2021, the first quarter 2022 and the second quarter 2022, we issued four tranches of unsecured notes with varying fixed-rates and maturities ranging from June 2031 to May 2052 (collectively the “Notes”).  Our most recent issuance in May 2022 features a stairstep coupon structure (refer to Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements) that is unique in the unsecured and investment-grade market and will benefit key cash flow metrics.  In January 2023, we closed on a new $500 million unsecured revolving credit facility (the “2023 Unsecured Revolver”). The 2023 Unsecured Revolver has a current borrowing rate of Adjusted SOFR, as defined in the applicable agreement, plus 100 basis points, with a maturity of July 31, 2025. We also amended our 2021 Unsecured Revolver (refer to Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements) primarily to transition from LIBOR to Adjusted SOFR, as defined in the applicable agreement. 

In August 2023, we sold 6,500,000 shares of our common stock in a public offering for gross proceeds of $139.1 million. Concurrently with the public offering, we sold $12.8 million in shares, or 599,983 shares, of our common stock to affiliates of MSD Partners in a private placement.

As of September 30, 2023, we had $11 million of unrestricted cash and an aggregate $847 million of undrawn capacity on our 2021 Unsecured Revolver and 2023 Unsecured Revolver. We refer to this unrestricted cash and additional borrowing capacity on our 2021 Unsecured Revolver and 2023 Unsecured Revolver as our “equity” liquidity which can

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be used for general corporate purposes or leveraged to acquire or originate new Ground Lease assets. Our primary sources of cash to date have been proceeds from equity offerings and private placements, proceeds from our initial capitalization by iStar and two institutional investors and borrowings from our debt facilities, unsecured notes and mortgages. Our primary uses of cash to date have been the acquisition/origination of Ground Leases, repayments on our debt facilities and distributions to our shareholders.

In April 2023, we entered into an at-the-market equity offering (the “ATM”) pursuant to which we may sell shares of our common stock up to an aggregate purchase price of $300.0 million. We may sell such shares in amounts and at times to be determined by us from time to time, but we have no obligation to sell any of the shares. Actual sales, if any, will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by us from time to time, including, among other things, market conditions, the trading price of our common stock, capital needs, and our determinations of the appropriate sources of funding.

We expect our short-term liquidity requirements to include debt service on our debt obligations (refer to Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements), distributions to our shareholders, working capital, new acquisitions and originations of Ground Lease investments. We expect our long-term liquidity requirements to include debt service on our debt obligations (refer to Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements), distributions to our shareholders, working capital, new acquisitions and originations of Ground Lease investments (including in respect of unfunded commitments – refer to Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements) and debt maturities. Our primary sources of liquidity going forward will generally consist of cash on hand and cash flows from operations, new financings, funds from our joint venture partners, unused borrowing capacity under our 2021 Unsecured Revolver (subject to the conditions set forth in the applicable loan agreement), our 2023 Unsecured Revolver (subject to the conditions set forth in the applicable loan agreement) and common and/or preferred equity issuances. We expect that we will be able to meet our liquidity requirements over the next 12 months and beyond.

The following table outlines our cash flows provided by operating activities, cash flows used in investing activities and cash flows provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 ($ in thousands):

	For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2023		2022
Cash flows (used in) provided by operating activities	$	(7,671)	$	52,147
Cash flows used in investing activities		(449,950)		(1,047,610)
Cash flows provided by financing activities		448,692		1,050,522

The decrease in cash flows used in operating activities during 2023 was primarily due to costs incurred in connection with the Merger, increased costs on our debt obligations in 2023 due to an increase in borrowings and interest rates and us receiving cash in connection with the termination of derivative transactions in 2022, which were partially offset by an increase in percentage rent and rents collected in 2023 from new originations and acquisitions of Ground Leases throughout 2022 and 2023. The decrease in cash flows used in investing activities during 2023 was due primarily to a decrease in new originations and acquisitions of Ground Leases, which was partially offset by the origination of the Star Holdings Term Loan Facility, consideration paid in connection with the Merger and an increase in contributions to equity method investments. The decrease in cash flows provided by financing activities during 2023 was due primarily to the issuance of common stock in 2022 and the issuance of unsecured debt to fund our growing Ground Lease portfolio in 2022, which was partially offset by the issuance of common stock in 2023 and contributions from noncontrolling interests in 2023.

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Supplemental Guarantor Disclosure

In March 2020, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) adopted amendments to Rule 3-10 of Regulation S-X and created Rule 13-01 to simplify disclosure requirements related to certain registered securities. The amendments became effective on January 4, 2021. We and Portfolio Holdings have filed a registration statement on Form S-3 with the SEC registering, among other securities, debt securities of Portfolio Holdings, which will be fully and unconditionally guaranteed by us. As of September 30, 2023, Portfolio Holdings had issued and outstanding the Notes, which were registered on a Form S-3 filed by Old SAFE and Portfolio Holdings (then known as Safehold Operating Partnership LP). The obligations of Portfolio Holdings to pay principal, premiums, if any, and interest on the Notes are guaranteed on a senior basis by us. The guarantee is full and unconditional, and Portfolio Holdings is a consolidated subsidiary of ours.

As a result of the amendments to Rule 3-10 of Regulation S-X, subsidiary issuers of obligations guaranteed by the parent are not required to provide separate financial statements, provided that the subsidiary obligor is consolidated into the parent company’s consolidated financial statements, the parent guarantee is “full and unconditional” and, subject to certain exceptions as set forth below, the alternative disclosure required by Rule 13-01 is provided, which includes narrative disclosure and summarized financial information. Accordingly, separate consolidated financial statements of Portfolio Holdings have not been presented. Furthermore, as permitted under Rule 13-01(a)(4)(vi) of Regulation S-X, we have excluded the summarized financial information for Portfolio Holdings because the assets, liabilities and results of operations of Portfolio Holdings are not materially different than the corresponding amounts in our consolidated financial statements, and management believes such summarized financial information would be repetitive and would not provide incremental value to investors.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and judgments in certain circumstances that affect amounts reported as assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. We have established detailed policies and control procedures intended to ensure that valuation methods, including any judgments made as part of such methods, are well controlled, reviewed and applied consistently from period to period. We base our estimates on historical corporate and industry experience and various other assumptions that we believe to be appropriate under the circumstances. For all of these estimates, we caution that future events rarely develop exactly as forecasted, and, therefore, routinely require adjustment.

Allowance for credit losses on net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables—Effective January 1, 2023, upon the adoption of ASU 2016-13, we implemented procedures to estimate our allowance for credit losses on net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables, including unfunded commitments, using a quantitative analysis to estimate expected loss rates for our portfolio of net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables. ASU 2016-13 replaced the incurred loss impairment methodology in prior GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses over the life of the investment and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. We analyze historical data provided by Trepp (“Trepp”) for single asset borrower loans and considers comparable loan to value ratios, loss rates, timing of losses, vintage, property type and other statistics. We update our analysis for current market conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts of unemployment rates to develop an estimate of credit losses. We analyze our portfolio of Ground Leases in two categories, based on whether the underlying property is a stabilized property or a development project. Our development properties are assigned a higher loss rate due to the higher inherent risk of deals under construction.

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We perform a quarterly analysis of our loan receivable that incorporates management’s current judgments about credit quality based on all known and relevant internal and external factors that may affect collectability. We consider, among other things, payment status, lien position, borrower financial resources and investment collateral, collateral type, project economics and geographical location as well as national and regional economic factors. We estimate our Expected Loss on our loans receivable based on relevant information including current market conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of its investments. The estimate of our Expected Loss requires significant judgment. We calculated our Expected Loss through the use of third-party market data that provided current and future economic conditions that may impact the performance of the commercial real estate assets securing our investments.

Acquisitions—We evaluate each acquisition transaction to determine whether the acquired asset meets the definition of a business. Under ASC 805, an acquisition does not qualify as a business when (i) substantially all of the fair value is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets; (ii) the acquisition does not include a substantive process in the form of an acquired workforce; or (iii) there is an acquired contract that cannot be replaced without significant cost, effort or delay. Acquisitions of a business are accounted for as business combinations and other acquisition transactions are accounted for as asset acquisitions. Transaction costs related to asset acquisitions are capitalized as part of the cost basis of the acquired assets, while transaction costs related to business combinations are expensed as incurred.

Our acquisition of iStar was accounted for as a business combination. For business combinations, we recognize and measure identifiable assets acquired, liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree at their fair values on our consolidated balance sheets. In a business combination, the difference, if any, between the purchase consideration and the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired is either recorded as goodwill or as a bargain purchase gain. 

Fair values are based on available information including discounted cash flow analysis or similar fair value models. Fair value estimates are also made using significant assumptions such as capitalization rates, discount rates, fair market lease rates and other market data. The fair value of our interests in equity investments acquired is calculated using the fair value of the investments held by the venture, which are valued using methods as described above, and considers our economics in the venture.

The fair value of financial instruments, which could include loans receivable or net investment in sales-type leases, is based on current market conditions and loan or lease agreements in place. The fair value of tangible assets, which could include land, buildings, building improvements and tenant improvements is determined as if these assets are vacant. Intangible assets may include the value of right of use lease assets, above-market leases and in-place leases. Right of use lease assets and lease liabilities are measured at the present value of lease payments not yet paid, discounted at the implied rate charged by the lessor  if that rate is readily determinable, or if that rate is not readily determinable, our incremental borrowing rate, as of the date of the acquisition. Right of use assets are included in “Deferred expenses and other assets, net” and lease liabilities are recorded in “Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities” on our consolidated balance sheets. Above-market leases and in-place leases are each recorded at their fair values and included in “Deferred expenses and other assets, net” on our consolidated balance sheets. Intangible liabilities may also include below-market leases, which are recorded at their fair values and included in “Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities” on our consolidated balance sheets.

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Goodwill—Goodwill is calculated as the excess of purchase consideration over the fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired and primarily relates to the acquisition of iStar’s workforce and future synergies expected to be realized from the Merger. Goodwill is not subject to amortization but is tested annually for impairment or more frequently should potential triggering events be identified that may indicate potential impairment, such as when a company’s market capitalization is below its book value.

During the three months ended September 30, 2023, we experienced a precipitous and sustained decline in the price per share of our common stock, which we identified as an indicator of goodwill impairment. As a result, we performed an interim goodwill evaluation. We determined that our current operations are carried out through a single reporting unit with a carrying value of approximately $2.4 billion. Our estimated fair value was determined to be our market capitalization adjusted for a control premium estimated by us representing an amount a market participant would pay to obtain a controlling interest in us. We determined that our carrying value exceeded our estimated fair value and therefore recorded an impairment of goodwill. We recorded a $145.4 million full impairment of the goodwill recognized as a result of the Merger, which is recorded as a non-cash charge in “Impairment of goodwill” in our consolidated statements of operations. We do not expect goodwill to have any tax impact on our financial statements.

For a discussion of other critical accounting policies, refer to Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements and our 2022 Annual Report and our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 4, 2023.

New Accounting Pronouncements—For a discussion of the impact of new accounting pronouncements on our financial condition or results of operations, refer to Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements.

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Item 3.   Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Market Risks

Our future income, cash flows and fair values relevant to financial instruments are dependent upon prevalent market prices and interest rates. Market risk refers to the risk of loss from adverse changes in market prices and interest rates. One of the principal market risks facing us is interest rate risk on our floating rate indebtedness.

Subject to qualifying and maintaining our qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we may mitigate the risk of interest rate volatility through the use of hedging instruments, such as interest rate swap agreements and interest rate cap agreements. Our primary objectives when undertaking hedging transactions will be to reduce our floating rate exposure and to fix a portion of the interest rate for anticipated financing and refinancing transactions. However, we can provide no assurances that our efforts to manage interest rate volatility will successfully mitigate the risks of such volatility on our portfolio. Our current portfolio is not subject to foreign currency risk.

Our objectives with respect to interest rate risk are to limit the impact of interest rate changes on operations and cash flows, and to lower our overall borrowing costs. To achieve these objectives, we may borrow at fixed rates and may enter into hedging instruments such as interest rate swap agreements and interest rate cap agreements in order to mitigate our interest rate risk on a related floating rate financial instrument. We do not enter into derivative or interest rate transactions for speculative purposes.

As of September 30, 2023, we had $2.9 billion principal amount of fixed-rate debt outstanding and $1.1 billion principal amount of floating-rate debt outstanding. The following table quantifies the potential changes in annual net income should interest rates decrease or increase by 10, 50 and 100 basis points, assuming no change in our interest earning assets, interest bearing liabilities, derivative contracts or the shape of the yield curve (i.e., relative interest rates). The base interest rate scenario assumes a 1-month SOFR rate of 5.32% and a 3-month SOFR rate of 5.40% as of September 30, 2023. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimated in the table.

Estimated Change In Net Income

($ in thousands)⁽¹⁾

Change in Interest Rates	Net Income (Loss)
-100 Basis Points	$	5,457
-50 Basis Points		2,728
-10 Basis Points		546
Base Interest Rate		—
+10 Basis Points		(546)
+ 50 Basis Points		(2,728)
+100 Basis Points		(5,457)

(1) The table above includes the effect of interest rate swaps and our share of the impact of floating-rate loans in our Leasehold Loan Fund.

Item 4.   Controls and Procedures

The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the Company’s Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. The Company has formed a disclosure committee that is responsible for considering the materiality of information and determining the disclosure obligations of the Company on a timely basis. The disclosure committee reports directly to the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer.

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As of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the disclosure committee and other members of management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(b) or Rule 15d-15. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is: (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms; and (ii) accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding disclosure.

There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the period covered by this quarterly report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, a control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that it will detect or uncover failures within the Company to disclose material information otherwise required to be set forth in the Company’s periodic reports.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.   Legal Proceedings

We are not currently party to any pending legal proceedings that we believe could have a material adverse effect on our business or financial condition. However, we may be subject to various claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business from time to time.

Item 1A.   Risk Factors

There were no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in Exhibit 99.3 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 4, 2023.

Item 2.   Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds and Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

We did not purchase any shares of our common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2023.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

On August 10, 2023, concurrent with the completion of our underwritten public offering and pursuant to a private placement agreement dated August 7, 2023, we sold 599,983 shares of common stock to certain affiliates of MSD Partners, L.P. at a purchase price of $21.40 per share, equal to the public offering price per share, for an aggregate $12.8 million. The shares were sold in reliance on the exemption from registration pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, on the basis that it did not involve a public offering.

Item 3.   Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4.   Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5.   Other Information

None.

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Item 6.   Exhibits

INDEX TO EXHIBITS

Exhibit Number	Document Description
2.1	Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of August 10, 2022, by and between iStar Inc. and Safehold Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 of our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed August 11, 2022).
3.1	Amended and Restated Charter of Safehold Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed April 4, 2023).
3.2	Amended and Restated Bylaws of Safehold Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed April 4, 2023).
10.1	First Amendment to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of October 4, 2023, by and between Star Holdings, as borrower, and Safehold Inc., as lender (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on October 6, 2023).
22.1	Subsidiary Guarantors and Issuers of Guaranteed Securities.
31.0	Certifications pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
32.0	Certifications pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
101*	The following financial information from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2023 is formatted in iXBRL (“eXtensible Business Reporting Language”): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited) as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022; (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations (unaudited) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022; (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (unaudited) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022; (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity (unaudited) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022; (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022; and (vi) the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in iXBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

* In accordance with Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, the iXBRL related information in Exhibit 101 is deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, is deemed not filed for purposes of section 18 of the Exchange Act of 1934 and otherwise is not subject to liability under these sections.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

		Safehold Inc.
		Registrant
Date:	November 1, 2023	/s/ JAY SUGARMAN
		Jay Sugarman
		Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief
		Executive Officer (principal executive officer)
		Safehold Inc.
		Registrant
Date:	November 1, 2023	/s/ BRETT ASNAS
		Brett Asnas
		Chief Financial Officer
		(principal financial officer)
		Safehold Inc.
		Registrant
Date:	November 1, 2023	/s/ GARETT ROSENBLUM
		Garett Rosenblum
		Chief Accounting Officer

63

EX-22.1

Exhibit 22.1

List of Issuers of Guaranteed Securities

As of September 30, 2023, the following subsidiary was the issuer of the 2.80% senior notes due June 2031 and the 2.85% senior notes due January 2032 guaranteed by Safehold Inc.

Name of Subsidiary	Jurisdiction of Organization
Safehold GL Holdings LLC	Delaware

EX-31.0

Exhibit 31.0

CERTIFICATION

I, Jay Sugarman, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Safehold Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date:	November 1, 2023	By:	/s/ JAY SUGARMAN
			Name:	Jay Sugarman
			Title:	Chief Executive Officer

CERTIFICATION

I, Brett Asnas, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Safehold Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date:	November 1, 2023	By:	/s/ BRETT ASNAS
			Name:	Brett Asnas
			Title:	Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer)

EX-32.0

Exhibit 32.0

Certification of Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to Section 906 of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

The undersigned, the Chief Executive Officer of Safehold Inc. (the "Company"), hereby certifies on the date hereof, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 (the "Form 10-Q"), filed concurrently herewith by the Company, fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and that the information contained in the Form 10-Q fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date:	November 1, 2023	By:	/s/ JAY SUGARMAN
			Name:	Jay Sugarman
			Title:	Chief Executive Officer

Certification of Principal Financial Officer

Pursuant to Section 906 of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

The undersigned, the Chief Financial Officer of Safehold Inc. (the "Company"), hereby certifies on the date hereof, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 (the "Form 10-Q"), filed concurrently herewith by the Company, fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and that the information contained in the Form 10-Q fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

GA
Date:	November 1, 2023	By:	/s/ BRETT ASNAS
			Name:	Brett Asnas
			Title:	Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer)

XML

Cover Page - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Oct. 30, 2023
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2023
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-15371
Entity Registrant Name	Safehold Inc.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	MD
Entity Tax Identification Number	95-6881527
Entity Address, Address Line One	1114 Avenue of the Americas
Entity Address, Address Line Two	39th Floor
Entity Address, City or Town	New York
Entity Address, State or Province	NY
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	10036
City Area Code	212
Local Phone Number	930-9400
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock
Trading Symbol	SAFE
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Common Stock, Shares, Outstanding		71,066,380
Entity Central Index Key	0001095651
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Amendment Flag	false

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Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
ASSETS
Net investment in sales-type leases ($468 and $0 of allowances as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022,	[1]	$ 3,182,592	$ 3,106,599
Ground Lease receivables, net ($318 and $0 of allowances as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively)	[1]	1,563,670	1,374,716
Real estate, at cost	[1]	744,571	740,971
Less: accumulated depreciation	[1]	(38,892)	(34,371)
Real estate, net	[1]	705,679	706,600
Real estate-related intangible assets, net	[1]	212,771	217,795
Real estate available and held for sale		7,216
Total real estate, net, real estate-related intangible assets, net and real estate available and held for sale	[1]	925,666	924,395
Loans receivable, net - related party ($2,421 of allowances as of September 30, 2023)	[1]	$ 112,088
Financing Receivable, after Allowance for Credit Loss, Related Party, Type		Related party
Equity investments	[1]	$ 287,118	180,388
Cash and cash equivalents	[1]	11,483	20,066
Restricted cash	[1]	27,978	28,324
Deferred tax asset, net		7,173
Deferred operating lease income receivable	[1]	172,284	148,870
Deferred expenses and other assets, net	[1],[2]	153,139	67,564
Total assets	[1]	6,443,191	5,850,922
Liabilities:
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	[1],[3]	122,986	100,357
Real estate-related intangible liabilities, net	[1]	63,963	64,591
Debt obligations, net	[1]	3,937,827	3,521,359
Total liabilities	[1]	4,124,776	3,686,307
Commitments and contingencies (refer to Note 9)	[1]
Redeemable noncontrolling interests (refer to Note 3)	[1]	19,011	19,011
Safehold Inc. shareholders' equity:
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 400,000 shares authorized, 71,066 and 62,397 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively	[1]	710	624
Additional paid-in capital	[1]	2,183,034	1,986,417
Retained earnings	[1]	19,124	151,226
Accumulated other comprehensive income	[1]	61,459	3,281
Total Safehold Inc. shareholders' equity	[1]	2,264,327	2,141,548
Noncontrolling interests	[1]	35,077	4,056
Total equity	[1]	2,299,404	2,145,604
Total liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interests and equity	[1]	$ 6,443,191	$ 5,850,922

[1] Refer to Note 2 for details on the Company’s consolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”).

[2] As of September 30, 2023, includes $7.1 million due from related parties.

[3] As of December 31, 2022, includes $8.5 million due to related parties.

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Consolidated and Combined Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands		Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Net investment in sales-type leases, allowances		$ 468	$ 0
Ground Lease receivables, allowances		318	$ 0
Loans receivable, net - related party, allowances		$ 2,421
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)		$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)		400,000	400,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)		71,066	62,397
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)		71,066	62,397
Deferred expenses and other assets, net	[1],[2]	$ 153,139	$ 67,564
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	[2],[3]	122,986	100,357
Related party
Deferred expenses and other assets, net		$ 7,100
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities			$ 8,500

[1] As of September 30, 2023, includes $7.1 million due from related parties.

[2] Refer to Note 2 for details on the Company’s consolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”).

[3] As of December 31, 2022, includes $8.5 million due to related parties.

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Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
		Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Revenues:
Interest income from sales-type leases	[1]	$ 59,130	$ 54,736	$ 174,350	$ 146,014
Operating lease income		16,715	16,507	54,366	49,925
Interest income - related party	[2]	2,381		4,762
Other income	[3]	7,335	453	16,073	1,004
Total revenues		85,561	71,696	249,551	196,943
Costs and expenses:
Interest expense		46,553	35,463	133,482	91,050
Real estate expense		1,001	866	3,219	2,272
Depreciation and amortization		2,519	2,407	7,444	7,215
General and administrative	[4]	17,860	9,551	51,843	29,203
Impairment of goodwill		145,365		145,365
Provision for credit losses		336		2,625
Other expense		2,169	6,073	17,532	6,777
Total costs and expenses		215,803	54,360	361,510	136,517
Gain on sale of net investment in lease			55,811		55,811
Income (loss) from operations before other items		(130,242)	73,147	(111,959)	116,237
Earnings from equity method investments		7,451	2,244	16,520	6,772
Net income (loss) before income taxes		(122,791)	75,391	(95,439)	123,009
Income tax expense		(55)		(580)
Net income (loss)		(122,846)	75,391	(96,019)	123,009
Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests		(123)	(9,314)	(138)	(9,381)
Net income (loss) attributable to Safehold Inc. common shareholders		$ (122,969)	$ 66,077	$ (96,157)	$ 113,628
Net income (loss)
Basic (dollars per share)		$ (1.81)	$ 1.04	$ (1.47)	$ 1.83
Diluted (dollars per shares)		$ (1.81)	$ 1.04	$ (1.47)	$ 1.83
Weighted average number of common shares:
Basic (in shares)		67,979	63,393	65,214	61,991
Diluted (in shares)		67,979	63,393	65,214	61,991

[1] For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded $2.1 million of “Interest income from sales-type leases” in its consolidated statements of operations from Ground Leases with iStar Inc. (“iStar”).

[2] Refer to Note 3.

[3] For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, includes $6.0 million and $13.2 million, respectively, of management fees from related parties.

[4] For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, includes $7.5 million and $8.5 million, respectively, of general and administrative expenses incurred to related parties that includes management fees and expense reimbursements to the Former Manager (refer to Note 1) and equity-based compensation (including equity-based compensation to employees). For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, includes $28.5 million and $25.8 million, respectively, of general and administrative expenses incurred to related parties that includes management fees, expense reimbursements to the Former Manager (refer to Note 1) and equity-based compensation (including equity-based compensation to employees).

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Consolidated Statements of Operations (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
		Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Interest income from sales-type leases	[1]	$ 59,130	$ 54,736	$ 174,350	$ 146,014
Other Income	[2]	7,335	453	16,073	1,004
General and administrative	[3]	17,860	9,551	51,843	29,203
Related party
Interest income from sales-type leases					2,100
General and administrative		7,500	$ 8,500	28,500	$ 25,800
Related party | Management fees
Other Income		$ 6,000		$ 13,200

[1] For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded $2.1 million of “Interest income from sales-type leases” in its consolidated statements of operations from Ground Leases with iStar Inc. (“iStar”).

[2] For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, includes $6.0 million and $13.2 million, respectively, of management fees from related parties.

[3] For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, includes $7.5 million and $8.5 million, respectively, of general and administrative expenses incurred to related parties that includes management fees and expense reimbursements to the Former Manager (refer to Note 1) and equity-based compensation (including equity-based compensation to employees). For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, includes $28.5 million and $25.8 million, respectively, of general and administrative expenses incurred to related parties that includes management fees, expense reimbursements to the Former Manager (refer to Note 1) and equity-based compensation (including equity-based compensation to employees).

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Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income (loss)	$ (122,846)	$ 75,391	$ (96,019)	$ 123,009
Other comprehensive income:
Reclassification of (gains) losses on derivatives into earnings	(1,494)	943	(1,454)	2,945
Unrealized gain on derivatives	53,834	18,587	59,632	29,615
Other comprehensive income	52,340	19,530	58,178	32,560
Comprehensive income (loss)	(70,506)	94,921	(37,841)	155,569
Comprehensive (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests	(123)	(9,314)	(138)	(9,381)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Safehold Inc.	$ (70,629)	$ 85,607	$ (37,979)	$ 146,188

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Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Common Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Retained Earnings Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment	Retained Earnings	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Noncontrolling Interests	Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment	Total
Increase (Decrease) in Temporary Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income									$ 658
Contributions from noncontrolling interests									18,829
Additional paid in capital attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests									171
Balance at the end of the period at Sep. 30, 2022									19,658
Balance at the beginning of the period at Dec. 31, 2021		$ 566	$ 1,663,324		$ 59,368	$ (40,980)	$ 2,924		1,685,202
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income (loss)					113,628		8,723		122,351
Issuance of common stock, net / amortization		56	318,002				385		318,443
Dividends declared					(32,521)				(32,521)
Change in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)						32,560			32,560
Contributions from noncontrolling interests							18		18
Distributions to noncontrolling interests							(33)		(33)
Additional paid in capital attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests			(171)						(171)
Balance at the end of the period at Sep. 30, 2022		622	1,981,155		140,475	(8,420)	12,017		2,125,849
Balance at the beginning of the period at Jun. 30, 2022									19,000
Increase (Decrease) in Temporary Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income									658
Balance at the end of the period at Sep. 30, 2022									19,658
Balance at the beginning of the period at Jun. 30, 2022		621	1,975,933		85,405	(27,950)	3,320		2,037,329
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income (loss)					66,077		8,656		74,733
Issuance of common stock, net / amortization		1	5,222				52		5,275
Dividends declared					(11,007)				(11,007)
Change in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)						19,530			19,530
Distributions to noncontrolling interests							(11)		(11)
Balance at the end of the period at Sep. 30, 2022		622	1,981,155		140,475	(8,420)	12,017		2,125,849
Balance at the beginning of the period at Dec. 31, 2022	[1]								19,011
Balance at the end of the period at Sep. 30, 2023	[1]								19,011
Balance at the beginning of the period at Dec. 31, 2022		624	1,986,417	$ (640)	151,226	3,281	4,056	$ (640)	2,145,604	[1]
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income (loss)					(96,157)		138		(96,019)
Issuance of common stock, net / amortization		74	162,484				982		163,540
Dividends declared					(35,305)				(35,305)
Change in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)						58,178			58,178
Contributions from noncontrolling interests			(1,443)				30,439		28,996
Distributions to noncontrolling interests							(538)		(538)
Merger consideration (refer to Note 1 and Note 3)		12	35,576						35,588
Balance at the end of the period at Sep. 30, 2023		710	2,183,034		19,124	61,459	35,077		2,299,404	[1]
Balance at the beginning of the period at Jun. 30, 2023									19,011
Balance at the end of the period at Sep. 30, 2023	[1]								19,011
Balance at the beginning of the period at Jun. 30, 2023		639	2,034,678		154,826	9,119	34,480		2,233,742
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income (loss)					(122,969)		123		(122,846)
Issuance of common stock, net / amortization		71	148,356				485		148,912
Dividends declared					(12,733)				(12,733)
Change in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)						52,340			52,340
Distributions to noncontrolling interests							(11)		(11)
Balance at the end of the period at Sep. 30, 2023		$ 710	$ 2,183,034		$ 19,124	$ 61,459	$ 35,077		$ 2,299,404	[1]

[1] Refer to Note 2 for details on the Company’s consolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”).

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Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity - Parenthetical - $ / shares	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Dividends declared, per share (usd per share)	$ 0.177	$ 0.177	$ 0.531	$ 0.524

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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$ (96,019)	$ 123,009
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash flows from operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	7,444	7,215
Stock-based compensation expense	20,127	1,518
Deferred operating lease income	(23,415)	(23,694)
Non-cash interest income from sales-type leases	(62,139)	(53,555)
Non-cash interest expense	10,216	8,806
Amortization of real estate-related intangibles, net	1,729	1,729
Impairment of goodwill	145,365
Provision for credit losses	2,625
Earnings from equity method investments	(16,520)	(6,772)
Distributions from operations of equity method investments	4,591	1,510
Gain on sale of net investment in lease		(55,811)
Amortization of premium, discount and deferred financing costs on debt obligations, net	5,454	4,039
Non-cash management fees	5,199	14,950
Other operating activities	408	3,486
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Changes in deferred expenses and other assets, net	(168)	10,646
Changes in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	(12,568)	15,071
Cash flows (used in) provided by operating activities	(7,671)	52,147
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisitions of real estate	(10,817)
Origination/acquisition of net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables	(203,364)	(1,210,274)
Origination of loans receivable, net	(114,450)
Payment for merger consideration	(88,685)
Cash and cash equivalents acquired upon merger	3,213
Contributions to equity method investments	(33,560)	(7)
Funding reserves received from Ground Lease tenant net of disbursements	(218)	30,071
Net proceeds received from sale of real estate available and held for sale	1,631
Net proceeds from sale of net investment in lease		135,529
Deposits on Ground Lease investments	(112)	(2,250)
Other investing activities	(3,588)	(679)
Cash flows used in investing activities	(449,950)	(1,047,610)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock	151,940	309,160
Proceeds from debt obligations	458,000	1,770,000
Repayments of debt obligations	(145,000)	(1,005,000)
Payments for deferred financing costs	(4,618)	(5,110)
Dividends paid to common shareholders	(33,459)	(31,182)
Payment of offering costs	(8,071)	(5,190)
Payments for withholding taxes upon vesting of stock-based compensation		(970)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests	(538)	(33)
Contributions from noncontrolling interests	30,439
Contributions from redeemable noncontrolling interests		19,000
Other financing activities	(1)	(153)
Cash flows provided by financing activities	448,692	1,050,522
Changes in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(8,929)	55,059
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	48,390	38,516
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$ 39,461	$ 93,575

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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023		Sep. 30, 2022
Reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash presented on the consolidated statements of cash flows
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 11,483	[1]	$ 35,574
Restricted cash	27,978	[1]	58,001
Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	39,461		93,575
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activity:
Debt obligations assumed (refer to Note 3)	99,995
Issuance of common stock for acquisition of assets (refer to Note 3)	35,588
Non-cash interest accrued to debt balances	2,014
Dividends declared to common shareholders	12,882		$ 11,011
Accrued offering costs	$ 530

[1] Refer to Note 2 for details on the Company’s consolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”).

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Business and Organization

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Business and Organization

Note 1—Business and Organization

Business—On March 31, 2023, Safehold Inc. (“Old SAFE”) merged with and into iStar (see Merger Transaction below), at which time Old SAFE ceased to exist and iStar continued as the surviving corporation and changed its name to “Safehold Inc.” (the “Merger”). References to iStar refer to iStar prior to the Merger. For accounting purposes, the Merger is treated as a “reverse acquisition” in which iStar is considered the legal acquirer and Old SAFE is considered the accounting acquirer. Unless context otherwise requires, references to the “Company” refer to the business and operations of Old SAFE and its consolidated subsidiaries prior to the Merger and to Safehold Inc. (formerly known as iStar) and its consolidated subsidiaries following the consummation of the Merger.

The Company operates its business through one reportable segment by acquiring, managing and capitalizing ground leases. The Company also manages entities focused on ground leases (refer to Note 6) and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company serves as external manager to Star Holdings (“Star Holdings”), a Maryland statutory trust that holds the legacy non-ground lease assets previously held by iStar. Ground leases are long-term contracts between the landlord (the Company) and a tenant or leaseholder. Ground leases generally represent ownership of the land underlying commercial real estate projects that is net leased by the fee owner of the land to the owners/operators of the real estate projects built thereon (“Ground Leases”). Under a Ground Lease, the tenant is generally responsible for all property operating expenses, such as maintenance, real estate taxes and insurance and is also responsible for development costs and capital expenditures. Ground Leases are typically long-term (base terms ranging from 30 to 99 years, often with tenant renewal options) and have contractual base rent increases (either at a specified percentage or consumer price index (“CPI”) based, or both) and sometimes include percentage rent participations. The Company’s CPI lookbacks are generally capped between 3.0% - 3.5% and generally start between years 11 and 21 of the lease term. In the event cumulative inflation growth for the lookback period exceeds the cap, these rent adjustments may not keep up fully with changes in inflation.

The Company intends to target investments in long-term Ground Leases in which: (i) the initial cost of its Ground Lease represents 30% to 45% of the combined value of the land and buildings and improvements thereon as if there was no Ground Lease on the land (“Combined Property Value”); (ii) the ratio of property net operating income to the Ground Lease payment due the Company (“Ground Rent Coverage”) is between 2.0x to 4.5x, and for this purpose the Company uses estimates of the stabilized property net operating income if it does not receive current tenant information and for properties under construction or in transition, in each case based on leasing activity at the property and available market information, including leasing activity at comparable properties in the relevant market; and (iii) the Ground Lease contains contractual rent escalation clauses or percentage rent that participates in gross revenues generated by the commercial real estate on the land. As a Ground Lease lessor, the Company typically has the right to regain possession of its land and take ownership of the buildings and improvements thereon upon tenant default and the termination of the Ground Lease on account of such default. The Company believes that the Ground Lease structure provides an opportunity for potential value accretion through the reversion to the Company, as the Ground Lease owner, of the buildings and improvements on the land at the expiration or earlier termination of the lease, for no additional consideration from the Company.

Prior to the Merger, Old SAFE was managed by SFTY Manager, LLC (the “Former Manager”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of iStar, pursuant to a management agreement. Old SAFE had no employees, as the Former Manager provided all services to it. Old SAFE relied on the extensive investment origination and sourcing platform of its Former Manager to actively promote the benefits of the Ground Lease structure to prospective Ground Lease tenants. Subsequent to the Merger, the Company is internally managed.

Organization—The Company is a Maryland corporation and its common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbol “SAFE.” The Company (then known as iStar) elected to be treated as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes, commencing with the tax year ended December 31, 1998.

As part of a restructuring in connection with the Merger (the “Caret Restructuring”), Safehold Operating Partnership LP converted into a Delaware limited liability company and renamed itself “Safehold GL Holdings LLC” (“Portfolio Holdings”), with the Company as its managing member. The Company conducts all of its business and owns all of its properties through Portfolio Holdings. In addition, holders of Caret units in Old SAFE’s subsidiary, Caret Ventures LLC (“Caret Ventures”), contributed their interests in Caret Ventures to Portfolio Holdings in return for Caret units issued by Portfolio Holdings. Following the restructuring, 100% of the equity interests in Caret Ventures is held by Portfolio Holdings. The Company, management of the Company, employees and former employees of the Company, affiliates of MSD Partners (as defined below) and other outside investors own the issued and outstanding equity of Portfolio Holdings.

Merger Transaction—On August 10, 2022, Old SAFE entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with iStar, and on March 31, 2023, the Merger was completed in accordance with the terms of the Merger Agreement. For accounting purposes, the Merger was accounted for as a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 805, Business Combinations (“ASC 805”) and treated as a “reverse acquisition” in which iStar is considered the legal acquirer and Old SAFE is considered the accounting acquirer. The Company considered the following relevant facts for this determination:

● At the time of the Merger closing, Old SAFE shareholders, excluding the Old SAFE shares held directly by iStar, members of iStar management and Star Holdings, control a majority of the voting interests in the Company and the combined company operates under the name “Safehold Inc.;”

● The composition of the combined company’s board of directors, which includes three directors from Old SAFE, two directors from iStar, and two management members of both Old SAFE and iStar;

● Old SAFE was the larger entity by size when comparing the key metrics of total assets, total revenue and net income (loss) from continuing operations and allocable to common shareholders; and

● Substantially all of the assets and liabilities of the Company consist of the historical assets and liabilities of Old SAFE, and the go-forward business plan of the Company is to conduct the Ground Lease business conducted by Old SAFE prior to the Merger.

As a result, the historical financial statements of Old SAFE become the historical financial statements of the Company.

Immediately before the closing of the Merger, iStar separated its remaining legacy non-ground lease assets and businesses, approximately $50.0 million of cash, exclusive of working capital reserves and restricted cash, and approximately 13.5 million shares of Old SAFE common stock into Star Holdings by distributing to iStar’s stockholders, on a pro rata basis, the issued and outstanding equity interests of Star Holdings (the “Spin-Off”).

Other Merger related transactions

On August 10, 2022, iStar entered into an agreement (the “MSD Stock Purchase Agreement”) with MSD Partners, L.P. (“MSD Partners”) pursuant to which MSD Partners agreed to purchase 5,405,406 shares of Old SAFE’s common stock then owned by iStar (the “MSD Stock Purchase”) for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $200 million, or $37.00 per share, payable in cash. The MSD Stock Purchase closed on March 31, 2023, shortly before the closing of the Merger. MSD Partners has the right to designate an observer to the board of directors of the Company, a top-up right on future equity issuances (subject to certain exceptions) and registration rights. MSD Partners will be subject to a customary standstill and certain restrictions on sales of its shares of the Company’s common stock.

On August 10, 2022, MSD Partners also agreed to purchase 100,000 Caret units (refer to Note 11) from the Company for an aggregate purchase price of $20.0 million (the “MSD Caret Purchase”). MSD Partners received a credit

against their purchase price for Caret units equal to the amount they would have received had they held Caret units at the time of a December 2022 distribution to other Caret unit holders, which was equal to $0.6 million. The closing of the MSD Caret Purchase took place in conjunction with the closing of the Merger on March 31, 2023.

Star Holdings was capitalized in part with an 8.0%, four-year term loan from the Company having an initial principal amount of $115.0 million, as well as SOFR plus 3.00% bank debt with an initial principal balance of $140.0 million from Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A. which is secured by approximately 13.5 million shares of the Company (refer to Note 4).

In connection with the Spin-Off, Safehold Management Services Inc. (“SpinCo Manager”), a Delaware corporation and a subsidiary of the Company, entered into a management agreement with Star Holdings effective as of March 31, 2023, pursuant to which SpinCo Manager will continue to operate and pursue the orderly monetization of Star Holding’s assets. Star Holdings will pay SpinCo Manager an annual management fee of $25.0 million in year one, $15.0 million in year two, $10.0 million in year three and $5.0 million in year four and 2.0% of the gross book value of Star Holdings’ assets, excluding shares of the Company’s common stock, for each annual term thereafter. The Company and Star Holdings also entered into a governance agreement that places certain restrictions on the transfer and voting of the shares of the Company owned by Star Holdings, and a registration rights agreement under which the Company agreed to register such shares for resale in accordance with applicable securities laws.

Note 2—Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

Basis of Presentation—The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10-01 of Regulation S-X for interim financial statements. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for complete financial statements. These unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Old SAFE’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (the “2022 Annual Report”).

The preparation of these consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments consisting of normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods presented. Such operating results may not be indicative of the expected results for any other interim periods or the entire year.

Principles of Consolidation—The consolidated financial statements include the accounts and operations of the Company, its wholly-owned subsidiaries and VIEs for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Consolidated VIEs—The Company consolidates VIEs for which it is considered the primary beneficiary. As of September 30, 2023, the total assets of these consolidated VIEs were $73.2 million and total liabilities were $30.0 million. The classifications of these assets are primarily within “Net investment in sales-type leases,” “Real estate, net,” “Real estate-related intangible assets, net” and “Deferred operating lease income receivable” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The classifications of liabilities are primarily within “Debt obligations, net” and “Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The liabilities of these VIEs are

non-recourse to the Company and can only be satisfied from each VIE’s respective assets. The Company has provided no financial support to VIEs that it was not previously contractually required to provide and did not have any unfunded commitments related to consolidated VIEs as of September 30, 2023.

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Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

Note 1—Business and Organization

Business—On March 31, 2023, Safehold Inc. (“Old SAFE”) merged with and into iStar (see Merger Transaction below), at which time Old SAFE ceased to exist and iStar continued as the surviving corporation and changed its name to “Safehold Inc.” (the “Merger”). References to iStar refer to iStar prior to the Merger. For accounting purposes, the Merger is treated as a “reverse acquisition” in which iStar is considered the legal acquirer and Old SAFE is considered the accounting acquirer. Unless context otherwise requires, references to the “Company” refer to the business and operations of Old SAFE and its consolidated subsidiaries prior to the Merger and to Safehold Inc. (formerly known as iStar) and its consolidated subsidiaries following the consummation of the Merger.

The Company operates its business through one reportable segment by acquiring, managing and capitalizing ground leases. The Company also manages entities focused on ground leases (refer to Note 6) and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company serves as external manager to Star Holdings (“Star Holdings”), a Maryland statutory trust that holds the legacy non-ground lease assets previously held by iStar. Ground leases are long-term contracts between the landlord (the Company) and a tenant or leaseholder. Ground leases generally represent ownership of the land underlying commercial real estate projects that is net leased by the fee owner of the land to the owners/operators of the real estate projects built thereon (“Ground Leases”). Under a Ground Lease, the tenant is generally responsible for all property operating expenses, such as maintenance, real estate taxes and insurance and is also responsible for development costs and capital expenditures. Ground Leases are typically long-term (base terms ranging from 30 to 99 years, often with tenant renewal options) and have contractual base rent increases (either at a specified percentage or consumer price index (“CPI”) based, or both) and sometimes include percentage rent participations. The Company’s CPI lookbacks are generally capped between 3.0% - 3.5% and generally start between years 11 and 21 of the lease term. In the event cumulative inflation growth for the lookback period exceeds the cap, these rent adjustments may not keep up fully with changes in inflation.

The Company intends to target investments in long-term Ground Leases in which: (i) the initial cost of its Ground Lease represents 30% to 45% of the combined value of the land and buildings and improvements thereon as if there was no Ground Lease on the land (“Combined Property Value”); (ii) the ratio of property net operating income to the Ground Lease payment due the Company (“Ground Rent Coverage”) is between 2.0x to 4.5x, and for this purpose the Company uses estimates of the stabilized property net operating income if it does not receive current tenant information and for properties under construction or in transition, in each case based on leasing activity at the property and available market information, including leasing activity at comparable properties in the relevant market; and (iii) the Ground Lease contains contractual rent escalation clauses or percentage rent that participates in gross revenues generated by the commercial real estate on the land. As a Ground Lease lessor, the Company typically has the right to regain possession of its land and take ownership of the buildings and improvements thereon upon tenant default and the termination of the Ground Lease on account of such default. The Company believes that the Ground Lease structure provides an opportunity for potential value accretion through the reversion to the Company, as the Ground Lease owner, of the buildings and improvements on the land at the expiration or earlier termination of the lease, for no additional consideration from the Company.

Prior to the Merger, Old SAFE was managed by SFTY Manager, LLC (the “Former Manager”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of iStar, pursuant to a management agreement. Old SAFE had no employees, as the Former Manager provided all services to it. Old SAFE relied on the extensive investment origination and sourcing platform of its Former Manager to actively promote the benefits of the Ground Lease structure to prospective Ground Lease tenants. Subsequent to the Merger, the Company is internally managed.

Organization—The Company is a Maryland corporation and its common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbol “SAFE.” The Company (then known as iStar) elected to be treated as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes, commencing with the tax year ended December 31, 1998.

As part of a restructuring in connection with the Merger (the “Caret Restructuring”), Safehold Operating Partnership LP converted into a Delaware limited liability company and renamed itself “Safehold GL Holdings LLC” (“Portfolio Holdings”), with the Company as its managing member. The Company conducts all of its business and owns all of its properties through Portfolio Holdings. In addition, holders of Caret units in Old SAFE’s subsidiary, Caret Ventures LLC (“Caret Ventures”), contributed their interests in Caret Ventures to Portfolio Holdings in return for Caret units issued by Portfolio Holdings. Following the restructuring, 100% of the equity interests in Caret Ventures is held by Portfolio Holdings. The Company, management of the Company, employees and former employees of the Company, affiliates of MSD Partners (as defined below) and other outside investors own the issued and outstanding equity of Portfolio Holdings.

Merger Transaction—On August 10, 2022, Old SAFE entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with iStar, and on March 31, 2023, the Merger was completed in accordance with the terms of the Merger Agreement. For accounting purposes, the Merger was accounted for as a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 805, Business Combinations (“ASC 805”) and treated as a “reverse acquisition” in which iStar is considered the legal acquirer and Old SAFE is considered the accounting acquirer. The Company considered the following relevant facts for this determination:

● At the time of the Merger closing, Old SAFE shareholders, excluding the Old SAFE shares held directly by iStar, members of iStar management and Star Holdings, control a majority of the voting interests in the Company and the combined company operates under the name “Safehold Inc.;”

● The composition of the combined company’s board of directors, which includes three directors from Old SAFE, two directors from iStar, and two management members of both Old SAFE and iStar;

● Old SAFE was the larger entity by size when comparing the key metrics of total assets, total revenue and net income (loss) from continuing operations and allocable to common shareholders; and

● Substantially all of the assets and liabilities of the Company consist of the historical assets and liabilities of Old SAFE, and the go-forward business plan of the Company is to conduct the Ground Lease business conducted by Old SAFE prior to the Merger.

As a result, the historical financial statements of Old SAFE become the historical financial statements of the Company.

Immediately before the closing of the Merger, iStar separated its remaining legacy non-ground lease assets and businesses, approximately $50.0 million of cash, exclusive of working capital reserves and restricted cash, and approximately 13.5 million shares of Old SAFE common stock into Star Holdings by distributing to iStar’s stockholders, on a pro rata basis, the issued and outstanding equity interests of Star Holdings (the “Spin-Off”).

Other Merger related transactions

On August 10, 2022, iStar entered into an agreement (the “MSD Stock Purchase Agreement”) with MSD Partners, L.P. (“MSD Partners”) pursuant to which MSD Partners agreed to purchase 5,405,406 shares of Old SAFE’s common stock then owned by iStar (the “MSD Stock Purchase”) for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $200 million, or $37.00 per share, payable in cash. The MSD Stock Purchase closed on March 31, 2023, shortly before the closing of the Merger. MSD Partners has the right to designate an observer to the board of directors of the Company, a top-up right on future equity issuances (subject to certain exceptions) and registration rights. MSD Partners will be subject to a customary standstill and certain restrictions on sales of its shares of the Company’s common stock.

On August 10, 2022, MSD Partners also agreed to purchase 100,000 Caret units (refer to Note 11) from the Company for an aggregate purchase price of $20.0 million (the “MSD Caret Purchase”). MSD Partners received a credit

against their purchase price for Caret units equal to the amount they would have received had they held Caret units at the time of a December 2022 distribution to other Caret unit holders, which was equal to $0.6 million. The closing of the MSD Caret Purchase took place in conjunction with the closing of the Merger on March 31, 2023.

Star Holdings was capitalized in part with an 8.0%, four-year term loan from the Company having an initial principal amount of $115.0 million, as well as SOFR plus 3.00% bank debt with an initial principal balance of $140.0 million from Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A. which is secured by approximately 13.5 million shares of the Company (refer to Note 4).

In connection with the Spin-Off, Safehold Management Services Inc. (“SpinCo Manager”), a Delaware corporation and a subsidiary of the Company, entered into a management agreement with Star Holdings effective as of March 31, 2023, pursuant to which SpinCo Manager will continue to operate and pursue the orderly monetization of Star Holding’s assets. Star Holdings will pay SpinCo Manager an annual management fee of $25.0 million in year one, $15.0 million in year two, $10.0 million in year three and $5.0 million in year four and 2.0% of the gross book value of Star Holdings’ assets, excluding shares of the Company’s common stock, for each annual term thereafter. The Company and Star Holdings also entered into a governance agreement that places certain restrictions on the transfer and voting of the shares of the Company owned by Star Holdings, and a registration rights agreement under which the Company agreed to register such shares for resale in accordance with applicable securities laws.

Note 2—Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

Basis of Presentation—The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10-01 of Regulation S-X for interim financial statements. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for complete financial statements. These unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Old SAFE’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (the “2022 Annual Report”).

The preparation of these consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments consisting of normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods presented. Such operating results may not be indicative of the expected results for any other interim periods or the entire year.

Principles of Consolidation—The consolidated financial statements include the accounts and operations of the Company, its wholly-owned subsidiaries and VIEs for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Consolidated VIEs—The Company consolidates VIEs for which it is considered the primary beneficiary. As of September 30, 2023, the total assets of these consolidated VIEs were $73.2 million and total liabilities were $30.0 million. The classifications of these assets are primarily within “Net investment in sales-type leases,” “Real estate, net,” “Real estate-related intangible assets, net” and “Deferred operating lease income receivable” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The classifications of liabilities are primarily within “Debt obligations, net” and “Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The liabilities of these VIEs are

non-recourse to the Company and can only be satisfied from each VIE’s respective assets. The Company has provided no financial support to VIEs that it was not previously contractually required to provide and did not have any unfunded commitments related to consolidated VIEs as of September 30, 2023.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Note 3—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Significant Accounting Policies

Allowance for credit losses on net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables—Effective January 1, 2023, upon the adoption of ASU 2016-13, the Company implemented procedures to estimate its allowance for credit losses on net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables, including unfunded commitments, using a quantitative analysis to estimate expected loss rates for its portfolio of net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables. ASU 2016-13 replaced the incurred loss impairment methodology in prior GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses over the life of the investment and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. The Company analyzes historical data provided by Trepp (“Trepp”) for single asset borrower loans and considers comparable loan to value ratios, loss rates, timing of losses, vintage, property type and other statistics. The Company updates its analysis for current market conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts of unemployment rates to develop an estimate of credit losses. The Company analyzes its portfolio of Ground Leases in two categories, based on whether the underlying property is a stabilized property or a development project (projects with unfunded commitments that are under development or in transition). The Company’s development properties are assigned a higher loss rate due to the higher inherent risk of deals under construction.

Interest receivable is not included in the Company’s allowance for credit losses on net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables as the Company performs timely write-offs, if any, of aged interest receivables. The Company has also made a policy election to write off aged interest receivables through interest income from sales-type leases as opposed to through the provision for credit losses.

Real estate available and held for sale—The Company reports real estate assets to be sold at the lower of their carrying amount or estimated fair value less costs to sell and classifies them as “Real estate available and held for sale” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. If the estimated fair value less costs to sell is less than the carrying value, the difference will be recorded as an impairment charge. Impairment for real estate assets disposed of or classified as held for sale are included in "Impairment of assets" in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Once a real estate asset is classified as held for sale, depreciation expense is no longer recorded.

The Company classifies its real estate assets as held for sale in the period in which all of the following conditions are met: (i) the Company commits to a plan and has the authority to sell the asset; (ii) the asset is available for sale in its current condition; (iii) the Company has initiated an active marketing plan to locate a buyer for the asset; (iv) the sale of the asset is both probable and expected to qualify for full sales recognition within a period of 12 months; (v) the asset is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reflective of its current fair value; and (vi) the Company does not anticipate changes to its plan to sell the asset.

If circumstances arise that were previously considered unlikely and, as a result the Company decides not to sell a property previously classified as held for sale, the property is reclassified as held and used and included in "Real estate, net" on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company measures and records a property that is reclassified as held and used at the lower of: (i) its carrying amount before the property was classified as held for sale, adjusted for any depreciation expense that would have been recognized had the property been continuously classified as held and used; or (ii) the estimated fair value at the date of the subsequent decision not to sell.

Fair Values—The Company is required to disclose fair value information with regard to its financial instruments, whether or not recognized in the consolidated balance sheets, for which it is practical to estimate fair value. The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) guidance defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The following fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to be used in valuation techniques to measure fair value: Level 1: unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities; Level 2: quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs which are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability; and Level 3: prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e., supported by little or no market activity). The Company determines the estimated fair values of financial assets and liabilities based on a hierarchy that distinguishes between market participant assumptions based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company and the Company’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions.

The following table presents the carrying value and fair value for the Company’s financial instruments ($ in millions):  

	As of September 30, 2023				As of December 31, 2022
	Carrying		Fair		Carrying		Fair
	Value		Value		Value		Value
Assets
Net investment in sales-type leases(1)	$	3,183	$	3,073	$	3,107	$	3,236
Ground Lease receivables(1)		1,564		1,574		1,375		1,501
Loans receivable, net - related party(1)		112		114		—		—
Cash and cash equivalents(2)		11		11		20		20
Restricted cash(2)		28		28		28		28
Liabilities
Debt obligations, net(1)
Level 1		739		558		738		573
Level 3		3,199		2,564		2,783		2,358
Total debt obligations, net		3,938		3,122		3,521		2,931

(1) The fair value of the Company’s net investment in sales-type leases, Ground Lease receivables and loans receivable, net – related party are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of the Company’s debt obligations traded in secondary markets are classified as Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy and the fair value of the Company’s debt obligations not traded in secondary markets are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.

(2) The Company determined the carrying values of its cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash approximated their fair values and are classified as Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy.

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests—In February 2022, the Company sold 108,571 Caret units (refer to Note 11) for $19.0 million to third-party investors and received a commitment from an existing shareholder (which is affiliated with one of the Company’s independent directors) for the purchase of 28,571 Caret units for $5.0 million. As part of the sale, the Company agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to provide public market liquidity for such Caret units by seeking to provide a listing of the Caret units, or securities into which they may be exchanged, within two years of the sale. In the event public market liquidity of the Caret units is not achieved within such two year period at a valuation not less than the purchase price for the Caret units purchased in February 2022, reduced by an amount equal to the amount of subsequent cash distributions made to the investors on account of such Caret units, then the investors in the February 2022 transaction have the right to cause their Caret units purchased in February 2022 to be redeemed by Portfolio Holdings at their original purchase price as so reduced. 

The Company classifies these redeemable Caret units in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 480: Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity. ASC 480-10-S99-3A requires that equity securities redeemable at the option of the holder be classified outside of permanent stockholders’ equity. The Company classifies redeemable Caret units as “Redeemable noncontrolling interests” in its consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of changes in equity. The redeemable noncontrolling interest’s carrying amount is equal to the higher of (i) the initial carrying amount, increased or decreased for the redeemable noncontrolling interest’s share of net income or loss and dividends; or (ii) the redemption value.

Stock-based compensation—In March 2023, the Company granted awards to employees with an aggregate grant date fair value of $25.0 million, or $28.89 per share. The awards vest ratably over a four-year service period. Compensation cost for stock-based awards is measured on the grant date and adjusted over the period of the employees’ services to reflect: (i) actual forfeitures; and (ii) the service conditions through the requisite service period. Compensation costs are recognized ratably over the applicable vesting/service period and recorded in "General and administrative" in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

Income taxes— The Company (then known as iStar) elected to be taxed as a REIT under sections 856 through 859 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code") beginning with its taxable year ended December 31, 1998. The Company operates its business in a manner consistent with its election to be taxed as a REIT. As such, the consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared consistent with the Company’s qualification as a REIT for the periods presented. The Company will be subject to federal and state income taxation at corporate rates on its net taxable income; the Company, however, may claim a deduction for the amount of dividends paid to its shareholders. Amounts distributed as dividends by the Company will be subject to taxation at the stockholder level only. While the Company must distribute at least 90% of its net taxable income to qualify as a REIT, the Company intends to distribute all of its net taxable income, if any, and eliminate federal and state taxes on undistributed net taxable income. Certain states may impose minimum franchise taxes. In addition, the Company is allowed certain other non-cash deductions or adjustments, such as depreciation expense, when computing its net taxable income and distribution requirement. These deductions permit the Company to reduce its dividend payout requirement under federal tax laws. The Company’s tax years from 2019 through 2021 remain subject to examination by major tax jurisdictions The Company has two taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRS”), one of which was formed during the year ended December 31, 2018 and had no material activity during the periods presented. Accordingly, no provision for income taxes was required. The second TRS provides management services to Star Holdings and internally to the REIT. The second TRS was acquired in the Company’s acquisition of iStar and first had activity during the three months ended June 30, 2023. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded current income tax expense in the amount of $1.4 million, which was partially offset by a deferred tax benefit of $0.9 million with respect to the TRS. In addition, the Company paid other state and local income taxes in the amount of $0.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Loans receivable, net – related party—Loans receivable, net – related party includes the four-year term loan that the Company originated to Star Holdings (refer to Note 4). Loans receivable classified as held-for-investment are reported at their outstanding unpaid principal balance net of any unamortized acquisition premiums or discounts and unamortized deferred loan costs or fees and credit loss allowances.

The Company performs a quarterly analysis of its loan receivable that incorporates management’s current judgments about credit quality based on all known and relevant internal and external factors that may affect collectability. The Company considers, among other things, payment status, lien position, borrower financial resources and investment collateral, collateral type, project economics and other economic factors. The Company estimates its Expected Loss on its loans receivable based on relevant information including current market conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of its investments. The estimate of the Company’s Expected Loss requires significant judgment. The Company calculated its Expected Loss through the use of third-party market data that provided current and future economic conditions that may impact the performance of the commercial real estate assets securing its investments.

The Company will consider a loan to be non-performing and place it on non-accrual status at such time as: (1) interest payments become 90 days delinquent; (2) it has a maturity default; or (3) management determines it is probable that it will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan. Non-accrual loans will be returned to accrual status when they have become contractually current and management believes all amounts contractually owed will be received.

The Company made the accounting policy election to record accrued interest on its loan asset separate from its loans receivable and to exclude accrued interest from its amortized cost basis disclosures. Any accrued interest receivable is recorded in “Deferred expenses and other assets, net” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had $26 thousand of accrued interest on its consolidated balance sheets. The Company will place its loan on non-accrual status once interest on the loan becomes 90 days delinquent and will reverse any accrued interest as a reduction to interest income or recognizes a credit loss expense at such time. As such, the Company elected the practical expedient to not record an allowance against accrued interest receivable. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company did not reverse any accrued interest on its loan asset.

Interest Income – related party—Interest income - related party (refer to Note 4) is recognized on an accrual basis using the effective interest method and is recorded in “Interest income – related party” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

Equity Investments—Equity investments are accounted for pursuant to the equity method of accounting if the Company can significantly influence the operating and financial policies of the investee. The Company has noncontrolling equity interests in multiple ventures (refer to Note 6) and determined the entities to be voting interest entities. As such, its equity interests in these ventures are accounted for pursuant to the equity method of accounting. The Company’s periodic share of earnings and losses in equity method investees are included in "Earnings from equity method investments" in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Equity investments are included in "Equity investments" on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company acquired two equity interests from iStar in connection with the Merger. In connection with the acquisition, the Company has basis differences in these equity interests that are amortized to income over the life of the underlying assets (refer to Note 6).

Management fees—The Company earns management fees through SpinCo Manager’s management agreement with Star Holdings pursuant to which SpinCo Manager operates and pursues the orderly monetization of Star Holding’s assets (refer to Note 1). Effective March 31, 2023, Star Holdings will pay SpinCo Manager an annual management fee of $25.0 million in year one, $15.0 million in year two, $10.0 million in year three, $5.0 million in year four and 2.0% of the gross book value of Star Holdings’ assets, excluding shares of the Company’s common stock, for each annual term thereafter. Management fees are paid quarterly in arrears. The Company recognizes management fee income in accordance

with ASC  606: Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). Upon the Company’s initial evaluation of the management contract, the Company evaluated the payment terms and termination clauses and it determined the estimated term of the contract to be three years and the total transaction price to be $50.0 million. The Company determined that the termination fees payable by Star Holdings in year one through year three upon termination of the management agreement would be substantive and therefore termination of the management agreement would be unlikely before year four. The Company will continue to evaluate the anticipated term and total transaction price of the management agreement as it executes its performance obligations under the management agreement. Pursuant to ASC 606, the Company allocated the transaction price to its performance obligations under the management agreement. The Company determined that the management contract represents a single continuing performance obligation and tracks its progress toward satisfying its performance obligation using an input method to measure the level of effort expended during the period and time budgeted to complete its obligations, which is subject to variability based on market conditions. The Company recognizes management fee income as it satisfies the performance obligations of the contract and records management fees in “Other income” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

Acquisitions—The Company evaluates each acquisition transaction to determine whether the acquired asset meets the definition of a business. Under ASC 805, an acquisition does not qualify as a business when (i) substantially all of the fair value is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets; (ii) the acquisition does not include a substantive process in the form of an acquired workforce; or (iii) there is an acquired contract that cannot be replaced without significant cost, effort or delay. Acquisitions of a business are accounted for as business combinations and other acquisition transactions are accounted for as asset acquisitions. Transaction costs related to asset acquisitions are capitalized as part of the cost basis of the acquired assets, while transaction costs related to business combinations are expensed as incurred.

The Company’s acquisition of iStar was accounted for as a business combination. For business combinations, the Company recognizes and measures identifiable assets acquired, liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree at their fair values on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. In a business combination, the difference, if any, between the purchase consideration and the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired is either recorded as goodwill or as a bargain purchase gain. 

Fair values are based on available information including discounted cash flow analysis or similar fair value models. Fair value estimates are also made using significant assumptions such as capitalization rates, discount rates, fair market lease rates and other market data. The fair value of the Company’s interests in equity investments acquired is calculated using the fair value of the investments held by the venture, which are valued using methods as described above, and considers the Company’s economics in the venture.

The fair value of financial instruments, which could include loans receivable or net investment in sales-type leases, is based on current market conditions and loan or lease agreements in place. The fair value of tangible assets, which could include land, buildings, building improvements and tenant improvements is determined as if these assets are vacant. Intangible assets may include the value of right of use lease assets, above-market leases and in-place leases. As lessee, right of use lease assets and lease liabilities are measured at the present value of lease payments not yet paid, discounted at the implied rate charged by the lessor if that rate is readily determinable, or if that rate is not readily determinable, the Company's incremental borrowing rate, as of the date of the acquisition. As lessee, operating lease right of use assets are included in “Deferred expenses and other assets, net” and operating lease liabilities are recorded in “Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. As lessee, above-market operating lease intangibles, in-place operating lease intangibles and below-market lease assets are each recorded at their fair values and included in “Deferred expenses and other assets, net” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

The table below shows the Company’s purchase consideration for the acquisition of iStar ($ in thousands):

Total Company shares as purchase price(1)		1,195,034
Stock price of the Company’s common stock(2)	$	29.78
Fair value of the Company's stock transferred		35,588
Cash consideration paid by the Company to iStar		88,685
Purchase consideration	$	124,273

(1) The total post-Merger shares of the Company to be held by iStar shareholders includes 12.7 million shares that were issued as consideration for the investment in Old SAFE previously held by iStar as of March 30, 2023 that were retired in connection with the Merger. Accordingly, these shares are excluded from the purchase consideration as they are reflected as a treasury stock repurchase and retirement by Old SAFE.

(2) Based on the closing price of Old SAFE’s common stock as of March 30, 2023, representing the final closing price prior to the effective time of the Merger.

The Merger was accounted for as a business combination pursuant to ASC 805 and all Merger related costs were expensed as incurred. The Company recorded $0.1 million of Merger expenses during the three months ended September 30, 2023 in “Other expense” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The Company recorded $18.9 million of Merger expenses during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, of which $14.1 million was recorded in “Other expense” and $4.8 million was recorded in “General and administrative” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company also recorded $0.9 million of related non-recurring charges in “Other expense” and a provision for credit losses of $2.3 million on the Secured Term Loan Facility (refer to Note 4) which was originated at the time of the Merger in conjunction with the Spin-Off. Excluding $3.0 million of related non-recurring charges and the $2.3 million provision for credit losses on the Secured Term Loan Facility, through September 30, 2023, the Company has incurred $26.6 million of Merger expenses.

The following table sets forth the preliminary allocation as of March 31, 2023 of the purchase consideration to the fair values of identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, recognized as a result of the acquisition described in Note 1 above, measurement period adjustments and a revised allocation of the purchase consideration ($ in thousands):

	Preliminary		Measurement		Revised
	Purchase Price Allocation		Period Adjustments		Purchase Price Allocation
Cash and cash equivalents	$	3,213	$	—	$	3,213
Real estate		1,508		—		1,508
Equity investments(1)		61,247		—		61,247
Deferred tax asset(2)		—		6,292		6,292
Deferred expenses and other assets(2)(3)		25,442		6,480		31,922
Total assets acquired		91,410		12,772		104,182
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities(2)(4)		(22,939)		(2,340)		(25,279)
Debt obligations(5)		(99,995)		—		(99,995)
Total liabilities assumed		(122,934)		(2,340)		(125,274)
Net identifiable (liabilities assumed) assets acquired		(31,524)		10,432		(21,092)
Purchase consideration	$	124,273	$	—	$	124,273
Add: net identifiable liabilities assumed		31,524		(10,432)		21,092
Goodwill(6)		155,797		(10,432)		145,365

(1) Equity investments were valued using discount rates between 7.2% and 13.9% and are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.

(2) During the three months ended June 30, 2023, the Company recorded a deferred tax asset in the amount of $6.3 million, net of a valuation allowance in the amount of $2.8 million, and reduced goodwill by $6.3 million. The net deferred tax asset relates to net operating loss carryovers to which the Company’s taxable REIT subsidiary is a successor and were finalized upon filing tax returns subsequent to the Merger for periods prior to the Merger. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized $6.5 million of deferred expenses and other assets related to final state tax receivables and $2.3 million in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities as a result of finalizing its tax returns which produced additional information not available at the time of the Merger. The following table presents a rollforward of the Company’s goodwill:

Balance at December 31, 2022	$	—
Goodwill recognized at Merger		155,797
Reduction to goodwill resulting from measurement period adjustments		(10,432)
Impairment		(145,365)
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	—

(3) Deferred expenses and other assets includes $11.0 million attributable to operating lease right of use assets, $4.7 million attributable to prepaid expenses resulting from the settlement of iStar’s compensation plans, $2.1 million attributable to in-place prepaid contracts, $1.3 million attributable to office furniture and equipment and $6.3 million attributable to other receivables.

(4) Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities primarily includes a $14.2 million operating lease liability. In addition, under the Merger Agreement, iStar was required to fund its share of merger-related costs and to provide sufficient cash to fund any unresolved corporate obligations and accrued liabilities or costs yet-to-be incurred prior to the Merger. Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities includes approximately $8.7 million of obligations assumed from iStar, which are offset with corresponding amounts in cash and cash equivalents and amounts receivable in deferred expenses and other assets, net sufficient to settle such obligations.

(5) Debt obligations were valued using a discount rate of 6.7% and are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.

(6) Goodwill is calculated as the excess of purchase consideration over the fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired and primarily relates to the acquisition of iStar’s workforce and future synergies expected to be realized after the completion of the Merger.

The following table summarizes the Company's pro forma revenues and net income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 as if the Merger described in Note 1 was completed on January 1, 2022 ($ in thousands):⁽¹⁾

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Pro forma revenues	$	85,561	$	84,388	$	268,478	$	229,608
Pro forma net income (loss)		(122,846)		45,214		(66,412)		(118,086)

(1) The pro forma revenues and net income (loss) are presented for informational purposes only and may not be indicative of what the actual results of operations of the Company would have been assuming the transaction occurred on January 1, 2022, nor do they purport to represent the Company’s results of operations for future periods. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, pro forma net loss includes $47.7 million of merger expenses (including $20.3 million of merger expenses borne by iStar), which are non-recurring in nature. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, pro forma net loss includes $13.2 million and $171.9 million, respectively, of losses on extinguishment of debt, which are non-recurring in nature. From the date of the Merger closing through September 30, 2023, $0.1 million of total revenues and $6.0 million of net income of the acquiree are included in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

Goodwill—Goodwill is calculated as the excess of purchase consideration over the fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired (or liabilities assumed) and primarily relates to the acquisition of iStar’s workforce and future synergies expected to be realized from the Merger. Goodwill is not subject to amortization but is tested annually for impairment or more frequently should potential triggering events be identified that may indicate potential impairment, such as when a company’s fair value, or the estimated fair value of a reporting unit of a company, is below its book value.

During the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company experienced a precipitous and sustained decline in the price per share of its common stock, which it identified as an indicator of goodwill impairment. As a result, the Company performed an interim goodwill evaluation. The Company determined that its current operations are carried out through a single reporting unit with a carrying value of approximately $2.4 billion. The estimated fair value of the Company was determined to be the Company’s market capitalization adjusted for a control premium estimated by the Company representing an amount a market participant would pay to obtain a controlling interest in the Company. The Company determined that its carrying value exceeded its estimated fair value and therefore recorded an impairment of goodwill. The Company recorded a $145.4 million full impairment of the goodwill recognized as a result of the Merger, which is recorded as a non-cash charge in “Impairment of goodwill” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The Company does not expect goodwill to have any tax impact on its financial statements.

New accounting pronouncements—The following paragraph describes the impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements from the adoption of Accounting Standards Updates ("ASUs") on January 1, 2023.

The Company adopted ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ("ASU 2016-13"), as amended, on January 1, 2023 using the modified retrospective approach method. Under the modified retrospective approach, the Company recorded a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings by recording an initial allowance for credit losses on net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables. Periods presented that are prior to the adoption date of January 1, 2023 will not be adjusted. ASU 2016-13 replaced the incurred loss impairment methodology with a methodology that reflects a current expected credit loss ("Expected Loss"). ASU 2016-13 impacted all of the Company’s investments held at amortized cost, which included its net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables. Upon adoption of ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2023, the Company recorded an initial allowance for credit losses on net investments in sales-type leases of $0.4 million and an initial allowance for credit losses on Ground Lease receivables of $0.2 million, both of which were recorded as a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings. Subsequent increases or decreases in the allowance for credit losses on net investment in sales-type leases or Ground Lease receivables will be charged to "Provision for credit losses" in the Company's consolidated statements of operations. Refer to "Significant Accounting Policies" above for more information on how the Company determines its allowance for credit losses on net investment in sales-type leases, Ground Lease receivables and loans receivable, net – related party.

The Company also adopted ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses: Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures (“ASU 2022-02”). ASU 2022-02 eliminated troubled debt restructuring recognition and measurement guidance and requires disclosure of gross write-offs by vintage for public business entities. The adoption of ASU 2022-02 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

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Net Investment in Sales-type Leases, Ground Lease Receivables and Loans Receivable, net - Related Party

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Net Investment in Sales-type Leases, Ground Lease Receivables and Loans Receivable, net - Related Party

Note 4—Net Investment in Sales-type Leases, Ground Lease Receivables and Loans Receivable, net – Related Party

The Company classifies certain of its Ground Leases as sales-type leases and records the leases within “Net investment in sales-type leases” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets and records interest income in “Interest income from sales-type leases” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. In addition, the Company may enter into transactions whereby it acquires land and enters into Ground Leases directly with the seller. These Ground Leases qualify as sales-type leases and, as such, do not qualify for sale leaseback accounting and are accounted for as financing receivables in accordance with ASC 310 - Receivables and are included in “Ground Lease receivables” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company records interest income from Ground Lease receivables in “Interest income from sales-type leases” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

In July 2022, the Company, pursuant to an agreement with iStar and upon certain construction related conditions being met, acquired an existing Ground Lease from iStar for $36.4 million inclusive of closing costs and was recorded in “Net investment in sales-type leases” and “Real estate-related intangible assets, net” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.

In September 2022, the Company sold a Ground Lease to a third-party for $136.0 million and recognized a gain of $55.8 million in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. $9.5 million of the gain was attributable to noncontrolling interests, of which $0.7 million was attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests.

In May 2023, the Company entered into a joint venture with a sovereign wealth fund, which is also an existing shareholder, focused on new acquisitions for certain Ground Lease investments. The Company committed approximately $275 million for a 55% controlling interest in the joint venture and the sovereign wealth fund committed

approximately $225 million for a 45% noncontrolling interest in the joint venture. Each party’s commitment is discretionary. The joint venture is a voting interest entity and the Company consolidates the joint venture in its financial statements due to its controlling interest. The Company’s joint venture partners’ interest is recorded in “Noncontrolling interests” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company receives a management fee, measured on an asset-by-asset basis, equal to 25 basis points on invested equity for such asset for the first five years following its acquisition, and 15 basis points on invested equity thereafter. The Company will also receive a promote of 15% over a 9% internal rate of return, subject to a 1.275x multiple on invested capital. The venture has first look rights on qualifying investments for 18 months. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the joint venture acquired two Ground Leases for an aggregate purchase price of $38.5 million, of which $14.5 million has been funded as of September 30, 2023.

The Company’s net investment in sales-type leases were comprised of the following ($ in thousands):

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Total undiscounted cash flows(1)	$	29,715,761	$	29,586,227
Unguaranteed estimated residual value(1)		2,915,013		2,900,218
Present value discount		(29,447,714)		(29,379,846)
Allowance for credit losses		(468)		—
Net investment in sales-type leases(2)	$	3,182,592	$	3,106,599

(1) As of September 30, 2023, total discounted cash flows were approximately $3,153 million and the discounted unguaranteed estimated residual value was $30.1 million. As of December 31, 2022, total discounted cash flows were approximately $3,077 million and the discounted unguaranteed estimated residual value was $29.1 million.

(2) As of September 30, 2023, $6.5 million was attributable to noncontrolling interests.

The following table presents a rollforward of the Company’s net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 ($ in thousands):

	Net Investment in		Ground Lease
	Sales-type Leases		Receivables		Total
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Beginning balance	$	3,106,599	$	1,374,716	$	4,481,315
Impact from adoption of new accounting standard (refer to Note 3)		(351)		(199)		(550)
Origination/acquisition/fundings(1)		33,400		170,194		203,594
Accretion		43,061		19,078		62,139
Provision for credit losses		(117)		(119)		(236)
Ending balance(2)	$	3,182,592	$	1,563,670	$	4,746,262

	Net Investment in		Ground Lease
	Sales-type Leases		Receivables		Total
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Beginning balance	$	2,412,716	$	796,252	$	3,208,968
Sales		(76,701)		—		(76,701)
Origination/acquisition/fundings(1)		691,305		515,618		1,206,923
Accretion		38,793		14,762		53,555
Ending balance	$	3,066,113	$	1,326,632	$	4,392,745

(1) The net investment in sales-type leases is initially measured at the present value of the fixed and determinable lease payments, including any guaranteed or unguaranteed estimated residual value of the asset at the end of the lease, discounted at the rate implicit in the lease. For newly originated or acquired Ground Leases, the Company’s estimate of residual value equals the fair value of the land at lease commencement.

(2) As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, all of the Company’s net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables were current in their payment status. As of September 30, 2023, the Company’s weighted average accrual rate for its net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables was 5.1% and 5.4%, respectively. As of September 30, 2023, the weighted average remaining life of the Company’s 35 Ground Lease receivables was 98.3 years.

Allowance for Credit Losses—Changes in the Company’s allowance for credit losses on net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 were as follows ($ in thousands):

	Net investment in sales-type leases
	Stabilized		Development		Unfunded
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023	Properties		Properties		Commitments		Total
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period	$	259	$	77	$	1	$	337
Provision for credit losses(1)		110		22		—		132
Allowance for credit losses at end of period(2)	$	369	$	99	$	1	$	469

	Ground Lease receivables
	Stabilized		Development		Unfunded
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023	Properties		Properties		Commitments		Total
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period	$	94	$	127	$	60	$	281
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses(1)		40		57		(3)		94
Allowance for credit losses at end of period(2)	$	134	$	184	$	57	$	375

	Net investment in sales-type leases
	Stabilized		Development		Unfunded
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023	Properties		Properties		Commitments		Total
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Impact from adoption of new accounting standard (refer to Note 3)(3)		280		71		6		357
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses(1)		89		28		(5)		112
Allowance for credit losses at end of period(2)	$	369	$	99	$	1	$	469

	Ground Lease receivables
	Stabilized		Development		Unfunded
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023	Properties		Properties		Commitments		Total
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Impact from adoption of new accounting standard (refer to Note 3)(3)		102		97		84		283
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses(1)		32		87		(27)		92
Allowance for credit losses at end of period(2)	$	134	$	184	$	57	$	375

(1) During the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded a provision for credit losses on net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables of $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively. The provision for credit losses was due primarily to a declining macroeconomic forecast since June 30, 2023. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded a provision for credit losses on net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables of $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively. The provision for credit losses on net investment in leases and Ground Lease receivables was due primarily to a declining macroeconomic forecast since December 31, 2022.

(2) Allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments is recorded in “Accounts payable and accrued expenses” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

(3) On January 1, 2023, the Company recorded an allowance for credit losses on net investment in sales-type leases of $0.4 million and an allowance for credit losses on Ground Lease receivables of $0.2 million upon the adoption of ASU 2016-13, of which an aggregate of $0.1 million related to expected credit losses for unfunded commitments and was recorded in "Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities."

The Company’s amortized cost basis in Ground Lease receivables, presented by year of origination and by stabilized or development status, was as follows as of September 30, 2023 ($ in thousands):

	Year of Origination
	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior to 2019		Total
Ground Lease receivables
Stabilized properties	$	19,004	$	295,600	$	133,296	$	179,914	$	447,915	$	—	$	1,075,729
Development properties		1		345,220		143,038		—		—		—		488,259
Total	$	19,005	$	640,820	$	276,334	$	179,914	$	447,915	$	—	$	1,563,988

Future Minimum Lease Payments under Sales-type Leases—Future minimum lease payments to be collected under sales-type leases accounted for under ASC 842 - Leases, excluding lease payments that are not fixed and determinable, in effect as of September 30, 2023, are as follows by year ($ in thousands):

					Fixed Bumps
	Fixed Bumps				with
	with Inflation		Fixed		Percentage
	Adjustments		Bumps		Rent		Total
2023 (remaining three months)	$	24,735	$	561	$	146	$	25,442
2024		101,639		2,256		586		104,481
2025		103,607		2,283		586		106,476
2026		105,567		2,311		586		108,464
2027		107,475		2,339		586		110,400
Thereafter		28,577,374		583,455		99,669		29,260,498
Total undiscounted cash flows	$	29,020,397	$	593,205	$	102,159	$	29,715,761

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized interest income from sales-type leases in its consolidated statements of operations as follows ($ in thousands):

	Net Investment		Ground
	in Sales-type		Lease
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023	Leases		Receivables		Total
Cash	$	25,309	$	12,767	$	38,076
Non-cash		14,482		6,572		21,054
Total interest income from sales-type leases	$	39,791	$	19,339	$	59,130

	Net Investment		Ground
	in Sales-type		Lease
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022	Leases		Receivables		Total
Cash	$	24,256	$	10,585	$	34,841
Non-cash		14,108		5,787		19,895
Total interest income from sales-type leases	$	38,364	$	16,372	$	54,736

	Net Investment		Ground
	in Sales-type		Lease
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023	Leases		Receivables		Total
Cash	$	75,355	$	36,856	$	112,211
Non-cash		43,061		19,078		62,139
Total interest income from sales-type leases	$	118,416	$	55,934	$	174,350

	Net Investment		Ground
	in Sales-type		Lease
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022	Leases		Receivables		Total
Cash	$	66,017	$	26,442	$	92,459
Non-cash		38,793		14,762		53,555
Total interest income from sales-type leases	$	104,810	$	41,204	$	146,014

Loans receivable, net – related party—On March 31, 2023, the Company, as lender and as administrative agent, and Star Holdings, as borrower, entered into a senior secured term loan facility in an aggregate principal amount of $115.0 million (the “Secured Term Loan Facility”) and an additional commitment amount of up to $25.0 million at Star Holding’s election (the “Incremental Term Loan Facility”, together with the Secured Term Loan Facility, the “Star Holdings Term Loan Facility”) (refer to Note 14). During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded $2.4 million and $4.8 million, respectively, of interest income on the Star Holdings Term Loan Facility, which is recorded in “Interest income – related party” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. As of September 30, 2023, the Star Holdings Term Loan Facility had a principal balance of $115.0 million and a carrying value of $112.1 million.

The Star Holdings Term Loan Facility is a secured credit facility. Borrowings under the Star Holdings Term Loan Facility bear interest at a fixed rate of 8.00% per annum, which may increase to 10.00% per annum if any loans remain outstanding under the Incremental Term Loan Facility (refer to Note 14). The Star Holdings Term Loan Facility has a maturity date of March 31, 2027. The Star Holdings Term Loan Facility is secured by a first-priority perfected security pledge of all the equity interests in Star Holding’s primary real estate subsidiary. Starting the quarter that is nine months after closing, within five business days after Star Holdings has delivered its unaudited quarterly financial statements, Star Holdings will apply any unrestricted cash on its balance sheet in excess of the aggregate of (i) an operating reserve; and (ii) $50 million, to prepay its Star Holdings Term Loan Facility or alternatively, with the consent of the Company, Star Holdings may apply such cash to prepay its margin loan facility in lieu of any prepayment of the Star Holdings Term Loan Facility. The operating reserve will be calculated quarterly and is equal to the aggregate of projected operating expenses (including payments to the Star Holdings local property consultants but excluding management fees and public company costs), projected land carry costs, projected capital expenditure and projected interest expense on the margin loan facility and Star Holdings Term Loan Facility for the next twelve months; less the projected operating revenues for the next twelve months consistent with the operating budget approved by the Company.

The Star Holdings Term Loan Facility contains certain customary covenants, including affirmative covenants on reporting, maintenance of property, continued ownership of interests in the Company as well as negative covenants relating to investments, indebtedness and liens, fundamental changes, asset dispositions, repayments, distributions and affiliate transactions. Furthermore, the Star Holdings Term Loan Facility contains customary events of default, including payment defaults, failure to perform covenants, cross-default and cross acceleration to other indebtedness, including the margin loan facility, impairment of security interests and change of control.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded a provision for credit losses of $0.1 million and $2.4 million, respectively, on the Secured Term Loan Facility which was originated at the time of the Merger in conjunction with the Spin-Off.

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Real Estate, Real Estate-Related Intangibles and Real Estate Available and Held for Sale

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Real Estate [Abstract]

Real Estate, Real Estate-Related Intangibles and Real Estate Available and Held for Sale

Note 5—Real Estate, Real Estate-Related Intangibles and Real Estate Available and Held for Sale

The Company’s real estate assets consist of the following ($ in thousands):

	As of
	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Land and land improvements, at cost	$	551,339	$	547,739
Buildings and improvements, at cost		193,232		193,232
Less: accumulated depreciation		(38,892)		(34,371)
Total real estate, net	$	705,679	$	706,600
Real estate-related intangible assets, net		212,771		217,795
Real estate available and held for sale(1)		7,216		—
Total real estate, net and real estate-related intangible assets, net and real estate available and held for sale	$	925,666	$	924,395

(1) During the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company acquired $7.2 million of real property that is being marketed for sale and is recorded in real estate available and held for sale. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company sold $1.5 million of real property that was acquired from iStar that was classified as available for sale upon acquisition. The Company recognized $0.1 million of gains on the sales, which is recorded in “Other income” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

Real estate-related intangible assets, net consist of the following items ($ in thousands):

	As of September 30, 2023
	Gross		Accumulated		Carrying
	Intangible		Amortization		Value
Above-market lease assets, net(1)	$	186,002	$	(17,605)	$	168,397
In-place lease assets, net(2)		65,345		(21,678)		43,667
Other intangible assets, net		750		(43)		707
Total	$	252,097	$	(39,326)	$	212,771

	As of December 31, 2022
	Gross		Accumulated		Carrying
	Intangible		Amortization		Value
Above-market lease assets, net(1)	$	186,002	$	(15,254)	$	170,748
In-place lease assets, net(2)		65,345		(19,011)		46,334
Other intangible assets, net		750		(37)		713
Total	$	252,097	$	(34,302)	$	217,795

(1) Above-market lease assets are recognized during asset acquisitions when the present value of market rate rental cash flows over the term of a lease is less than the present value of the contractual in-place rental cash flows. Above-market lease assets are amortized over the non-cancelable term of the leases.

(2) In-place lease assets are recognized during asset acquisitions and are estimated based on the value associated with the costs avoided in originating leases comparable to the acquired in-place leases as well as the value associated with lost rental revenue during the assumed lease-up period. In-place lease assets are amortized over the non-cancelable term of the leases.

The amortization of real estate-related intangible assets had the following impact on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 ($ in thousands):

	Income Statement	For the Three Months Ended September 30,
Intangible asset	Location	2023		2022
Above-market lease assets (decrease to income)	Operating lease income	$	784	$	784
In-place lease assets (decrease to income)	Depreciation and amortization		889		898
Other intangible assets (decrease to income)	Operating lease income		2		2

	Income Statement	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
Intangible asset	Location	2023		2022
Above-market lease assets (decrease to income)	Operating lease income	$	2,351	$	2,351
In-place lease assets (decrease to income)	Depreciation and amortization		2,667		2,688
Other intangible assets (decrease to income)	Operating lease income		6		6

The estimated amortization of real estate-related intangible assets for each of the five succeeding fiscal years is as follows ($ in thousands):⁽¹⁾

Year	Amount
2023 (remaining three months)	$	1,658
2024		6,634
2025		6,634
2026		3,725
2027		3,725

(1) As of September 30, 2023, the weighted average amortization period for the Company’s real estate-related intangible assets was approximately 80.3 years.

Real estate-related intangible liabilities, net consist of the following items ($ in thousands):

	As of September 30, 2023
	Gross		Accumulated		Carrying
	Intangible		Amortization		Value
Below-market lease liabilities(1)	$	68,618	$	(4,655)	$	63,963

	As of December 31, 2022
	Gross		Accumulated		Carrying
	Intangible		Amortization		Value
Below-market lease liabilities(1)	$	68,618	$	(4,027)	$	64,591

(1) Below-market lease liabilities are recognized during asset acquisitions when the present value of market rate rental cash flows over the term of a lease exceeds the present value of the contractual in-place rental cash flows. Below-market lease liabilities are amortized over the non-cancelable term of the leases.

The amortization of real estate-related intangible liabilities had the following impact on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 ($ in thousands):

	Income Statement	For the Three Months Ended September 30,
Intangible liability	Location	2023		2022
Below-market lease liabilities (increase to income)	Operating lease income	$	209	$	209

	Income Statement	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
Intangible liability	Location	2023		2022
Below-market lease liabilities (increase to income)	Operating lease income	$	628	$	628

Future Minimum Operating Lease Payments—Future minimum lease payments to be collected under non-cancelable operating leases, excluding lease payments that are not fixed and determinable, in effect as of September 30, 2023, are as follows by year ($ in thousands):

			Fixed Bumps						Fixed
			with						Bumps with
	Inflation-		Inflation		Fixed		Percentage		Percentage
Year	Linked		Adjustments		Bumps		Rent		Rent		Total
2023 (remaining three months)	$	1,453	$	4,363	$	559	$	2,755	$	105	$	9,235
2024		5,811		17,677		2,247		11,018		421		37,174
2025		5,811		18,004		2,313		11,018		421		37,567
2026		5,811		18,370		2,357		986		421		27,945
2027		5,811		18,755		2,388		986		421		28,361
Thereafter		435,056		4,308,109		433,110		15,826		304		5,192,405

(1) During the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized $0.2 million and $0.2 million, respectively, of percentage rent in “Operating lease income” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized $4.2 million and $1.1 million, respectively, of percentage rent in “Operating lease income” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

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Equity Investments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Investments, All Other Investments [Abstract]

Equity Investments

Note 6—Equity Investments

The Company’s equity investments and its proportionate share of earnings (losses) from equity investments were as follows ($ in thousands):

					Earnings from				Earnings from
	Carrying Value				Equity Method Investments				Equity Method Investments(1)
	as of				For the Three Months Ended				For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,		December 31,		September 30,				September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022
Equity investment
425 Park Avenue	$	134,762	$	133,118	$	938	$	863	$	2,645	$	2,540
32 Old Slip		51,145		47,270		1,406		1,381		4,253		4,232
Ground Lease Plus Fund(1)		61,308		—		1,825		—		3,513		—
Leasehold Loan Fund(2)		39,903		—		3,282		—		6,109		—
Total	$	287,118	$	180,388	$	7,451	$	2,244	$	16,520	$	6,772

(1) As of September 30, 2023, the Company has a basis difference of $20.2 million in the Ground Lease Plus Fund that will be amortized over a weighted average remaining term of 100.6 years using the effective interest method. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, $0.8 million and $1.6 million, respectively, of the basis difference was amortized as an increase to earnings from equity method investments.

(2) As of September 30, 2023, the Company has a basis difference of $12.3 million in the Leasehold Loan Fund that will be amortized over a weighted average remaining term of 3.3 years using the effective interest method. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, $1.0 million and $2.0 million, respectively, of the basis difference was amortized as an increase to earnings from equity method investments.

425 Park Avenue—In August 2019, the Company formed a venture with a sovereign wealth fund that is an existing shareholder of the Company to acquire the existing Ground Lease at 425 Park Avenue in New York City. The venture acquired the Ground Lease in November 2019. The Company has a 54.8% noncontrolling equity interest in the venture and is the manager of the venture. iStar was the manager prior to the Merger.

32 Old Slip—In June 2021, the Company acquired a 29.2% noncontrolling equity interest in a Ground Lease at an office property in New York City.

Ground Lease Plus Fund—In connection with Merger, the Company acquired from iStar an investment fund that iStar managed that targets the origination and acquisition of Ground Leases for commercial real estate projects that are in a pre-development phase (the “Ground Lease Plus Fund”). The Company owns a 53% noncontrolling equity interest in the Ground Lease Plus Fund. The Company does not have a controlling interest in the Ground Lease Plus Fund due to the substantive participating rights of its partner and accounts for this investment as an equity method investment. The Company receives a fee from its partner in exchange for managing the entity and is also entitled to a promote payment on investments in the Ground Lease Plus Fund. The Ground Lease Plus Fund has first look rights through December 2023 on qualifying pre-development projects that the Company has elected to not originate.

In November 2021, iStar acquired land for $33.3 million and simultaneously structured and entered into a Ground Lease on which a multi-family project will be constructed (refer also to Note 13). In December 2021, iStar sold the Ground Lease to the Ground Lease Plus Fund and recognized no gain or loss on the sale. At the time of iStar’s acquisition in November 2021, the Company and iStar entered into an agreement pursuant to which the Company would acquire the land and related Ground Lease from the Ground Lease Plus Fund when certain construction related conditions are met by a specified time period.

In June 2021, the Company entered into two agreements pursuant to each of which it agreed to acquire land and a related Ground Lease originated by iStar when certain construction related conditions are met by a specified time period.

In January 2022, iStar sold the two Ground Leases to the Ground Lease Plus Fund, which remain subject to the June 2021 agreement with the Company, and recognized an aggregate $0.5 million of gains on the sale.

Leasehold Loan Fund—In connection with the Merger, the Company acquired from iStar an investment fund that iStar managed that targets customers that may require a mortgage leasehold loan as well as a Ground Lease (the “Leasehold Loan Fund”). The Company owns a 53.0% noncontrolling equity interest in the Leasehold Loan Fund. The Company does not have a controlling interest in the Leasehold Loan Fund due to the substantive participating rights of its partner. The Company accounts for this investment as an equity method investment and receives a fixed annual administrative fee and an asset management fee from its partner in exchange for managing the entity. The Company is also entitled to a promote payment on certain investments in the Leasehold Loan Fund.

In February 2022, the Leasehold Loan Fund committed to provide a $130.0 million loan to the ground lessee of a Ground Lease originated by the Company. The loan was for the Ground Lease tenant’s recapitalization of a life science property. As of September 30, 2023, the Company has not funded any of the commitment.

In June 2022, the Leasehold Loan Fund committed to provide a $105.0 million loan to the ground lessee of a Ground Lease originated by the Company. The loan was for the Ground Lease tenant’s recapitalization of a mixed-use property. As of September 30, 2023, $39.5 million of the commitment has been funded.

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Deferred Expenses and Other Assets, Net and Accounts Payable, Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Deferred Expenses and Other Assets, Net and Accounts Payable, Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities

Note 7—Deferred Expenses and Other Assets, Net and Accounts Payable, Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities

Deferred expenses and other assets, net, consist of the following items ($ in thousands):

	As of
	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Operating lease right-of-use asset(1)	$	34,981	$	26,312
Interest rate hedge assets		92,616		29,346
Deferred finance costs, net(2)		5,031		4,461
Other assets(3)		15,619		2,664
Purchase deposits		3,373		4,333
Leasing costs, net		441		448
Corporate furniture, fixtures and equipment, net		1,078		—
Deferred expenses and other assets, net	$	153,139	$	67,564

(1) Operating lease right-of-use asset relates primarily to a property that is majority-owned by a third party and is ground leased to the Company. The Company is obligated to pay the owner of the property $0.5 million, subject to adjustment for changes in the CPI, per year through 2044; however, the Company’s Ground Lease tenant at the property pays this expense directly under the terms of a master lease. Operating lease right-of-use asset is amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease and is recorded in “Real estate expense” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. During both the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized $0.1 million in “Real estate expense” and $0.1 million in “Other income” from its operating lease right-of-use asset. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized $0.4 million and $0.3 million, respectively, in “Real estate expense” and $0.4 million and $0.3 million, respectively, in “Other income” from its operating lease right-of-use asset. The related operating lease liability (see table below) equals the present value of the minimum rental payments due under the lease discounted at the Company’s incremental secured borrowing rate for a similar asset estimated to be 5.5%. The Company also has operating leases for office space that it assumed from iStar in connection with the Merger (refer to Note 9).

(2) Accumulated amortization of deferred finance costs was $9.7 million and $5.7 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

(3) As of September 30, 2023, includes $6.9 million of management fees due from Star Holdings. Through September 30, 2023, the Company has earned $13.2 million of management fees from Star Holdings and as of September 30, 2023, $36.8 million of the transaction price is attributable to performance obligations that remain unsatisfied.

Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities consist of the following items ($ in thousands):

	As of
	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Interest payable	$	63,232	$	55,459
Other liabilities(1)		14,671		17,639
Dividends declared and payable		12,907		11,067
Operating lease liability(2)		17,047		5,471
Management fee payable		—		5,301
Accrued expenses(3)		15,129		5,420
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	$	122,986	$	100,357

(1) As of December 31, 2022, other liabilities include $3.1 million due to the Former Manager for allocated payroll costs and costs it paid on the Company’s behalf.

(2) Refer to Note 9.

(3) As of September 30, 2023, accrued expenses includes accrued compensation, legal, audit and property expenses. As of December 31, 2022, accrued expenses includes accrued legal, audit and property expenses.

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Debt Obligations, net

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt Obligations, net

Note 8—Debt Obligations, net

The Company’s outstanding debt obligations consist of the following ($ in thousands):

	As of				Interest		Scheduled
	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022		Rate(1)		Maturity Date(2)
Secured credit financing:
Mortgages	$	1,498,113	$	1,498,113	3.99	%	April 2027 to November 2069
Total secured credit financing(3)		1,498,113		1,498,113
Unsecured financing:
2.80% senior notes		400,000		400,000	2.80	%	June 2031
2.85% senior notes		350,000		350,000	2.85	%	January 2032
3.98% senior notes		475,000		475,000	3.98	%	February 2052
5.15% senior notes		154,001		151,988	5.15	%	May 2052
2021 Unsecured Revolver		1,003,000		690,000	Adjusted SOFR plus 0.90	%	March 2026
2023 Unsecured Revolver		—		—	Adjusted SOFR plus 0.90	%	July 2025
Trust preferred securities		100,000		—	Adjusted SOFR plus 1.50	%	October 2035
Total unsecured financing		2,482,001		2,066,988
Total debt obligations		3,980,114		3,565,101
Debt premium, discount and deferred financing costs, net		(42,287)		(43,742)
Total debt obligations, net	$	3,937,827	$	3,521,359

(1) For mortgages, represents the weighted average stated interest rate over the term of the debt from funding through maturity based on the contractual payments owed excluding the effect of debt premium, discount and deferred financing costs. As of September 30, 2023, the weighted average cash interest rate for the Company’s consolidated mortgage debt, based on interest rates in effect at that date, was 3.30%. The difference between the weighted average interest rate and the weighted average cash interest rate is recorded to interest payable within “Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. As of September 30, 2023, the Company’s combined weighted average stated interest rate and combined weighted average cash interest rate of the Company’s consolidated mortgage debt, the mortgage debt of the Company’s unconsolidated ventures (applying the Company’s percentage interest in the ventures - refer to Note 6), unsecured senior notes and trust preferred securities were 3.85% and 3.32%, respectively. In October 2023, the Company’s interest rates on the 2021 Unsecured Revolver and the 2023 Unsecured Revolver decreased to Adjusted SOFR plus 0.90% as a result of a credit ratings upgrade.

(2) Represents the extended maturity date for all debt obligations.

(3) As of September 30, 2023, $2.0 billion of real estate, at cost, net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables served as collateral for the Company’s debt obligations.

Mortgages—Mortgages consist of asset specific non-recourse borrowings that are secured by the Company’s real estate and Ground Leases. As of September 30, 2023, the Company’s mortgages are full term interest only, bear interest at a weighted average interest rate of 3.99% and have maturities between April 2027 and November 2069.

Unsecured Notes—In May 2021, Portfolio Holdings, then known as Safehold Operating Partnership LP, (as issuer) and the Company (as guarantor), issued $400.0 million aggregate principal amount of 2.80% senior notes due June 2031 (the “2.80% Notes”). The 2.80% Notes were issued at 99.127% of par. The Company may redeem the 2.80% Notes in whole at any time or in part from time to time prior to March 15, 2031, at the Company’s option and sole discretion, at a redemption price equal to the greater of: (i) 100% of the principal amount of the 2.80% Notes being redeemed; and (ii) a make-whole premium calculated in accordance with the indenture, plus, in each case, accrued and unpaid interest thereon to, but not including, the applicable redemption date. If the 2.80% Notes are redeemed on or after March 15, 2031, the

redemption price will be equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2.80% Notes being redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to, but not including, the applicable redemption date.

In November 2021, Portfolio Holdings, then known as Safehold Operating Partnership LP, (as issuer) and the Company (as guarantor), issued $350.0 million aggregate principal amount of 2.85% senior notes due January 2032 (the “2.85% Notes”). The 2.85% Notes were issued at 99.123% of par. The Company may redeem the 2.85% Notes in whole at any time or in part from time to time prior to October 15, 2031, at the Company’s option and sole discretion, at a redemption price equal to the greater of: (i) 100% of the principal amount of the 2.85% Notes being redeemed; and (ii) a make-whole premium calculated in accordance with the indenture, plus, in each case, accrued and unpaid interest thereon to, but not including, the applicable redemption date. If the 2.85% Notes are redeemed on or after October 15, 2031, the redemption price will be equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2.85% Notes being redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to, but not including, the applicable redemption date.

In January 2022, Portfolio Holdings, then known as Safehold Operating Partnership LP, (as issuer) and the Company (as guarantor), issued $475.0 million aggregate principal amount of privately-placed 3.98% senior notes due February 2052 (the “3.98% Notes”). Safehold Operating Partnership LP elected to draw these funds in March 2022. The Company may, at its option, prepay at any time all, or from time to time any part of, the 3.98% Notes, in an amount not less than 5% of the aggregate principal amount of the 3.98% Notes then outstanding in the case of a partial prepayment, at 100% of the principal amount so prepaid, and the applicable make-whole amount calculated in accordance with the indenture, for such tranche determined for the prepayment date with respect to such principal amount; provided, that, so long as no default or event of default shall then exist, at any time on or after November 15, 2051, the Company may, at its option, prepay all or any part of the 3.98% Notes at 100% of the principal amount so prepaid, together with, in each case, accrued interest to the prepayment date, without any make-whole amount. 

In May 2022, Portfolio Holdings, then known as Safehold Operating Partnership LP, (as issuer) and the Company (as guarantor), issued $150.0 million aggregate principal amount of privately-placed 5.15% senior notes due May 2052 (the “5.15% Notes”).  The structure of the 5.15% Notes features a stairstep coupon rate in which the Company will pay cash interest at a rate of 2.50% in years 1 through 10, 3.75% in years 11 through 20, and 5.15% in years 21 through 30. The difference between the 5.15% stated rate and the cash interest rate will accrue in each semi-annual payment period and be paid in kind by adding such accrued interest to the outstanding principal balance, to be repaid at maturity in May 2052. The Company may, at its option, prepay at any time all, or from time to time any part of, the 5.15% Notes, in an amount not less than 5% of the aggregate principal amount of the 5.15% Notes then outstanding in the case of a partial prepayment, at 100% of the principal amount so prepaid, and the applicable make-whole amount calculated in accordance with the indenture; provided, that, so long as no default or event of default shall then exist, at any time on or after February 13, 2052, the Company may, at its option, prepay all or any part of the 5.15% Notes at 100% of the principal amount so prepaid, together with, in each case, accrued interest to the prepayment date, without any make-whole amount. 

2021 Unsecured Revolver—In March 2021, Portfolio Holdings, then known as Safehold Operating Partnership LP, (as borrower) and the Company (as guarantor), entered into an unsecured revolving credit facility with an initial maximum aggregate principal amount of up to $1.0 billion (the “2021 Unsecured Revolver”). In December 2021, the Company obtained additional lender commitments increasing the maximum availability to $1.35 billion. The 2021 Unsecured Revolver has an initial maturity of March 2024 with two 12-month extension options exercisable by the Company, subject to certain conditions, and accrued interest at an annual rate of applicable LIBOR plus 0.90%, subject to the Company’s credit ratings. The Company also pays a facility fee of 0.10%, subject to the Company’s credit ratings. In January 2023, the Company amended the 2021 Unsecured Revolver primarily to transition from LIBOR to Adjusted SOFR, as defined in the applicable agreement. As of September 30, 2023, there was $347.0 million of undrawn capacity on the 2021 Unsecured Revolver.

2023 Unsecured Revolver—In January 2023, Portfolio Holdings, then known as Safehold Operating Partnership LP (as borrower) and the Company (as guarantor) closed on a new $500 million unsecured revolving credit facility (the “2023 Unsecured Revolver”). The 2023 Unsecured Revolver has a current borrowing rate of Adjusted SOFR, as defined in the applicable agreement, plus 90 basis points, subject to the Company’s credit ratings, with a maturity of July 31, 2025. As of September 30, 2023, there was $500.0 million of undrawn capacity on the 2023 Unsecured Revolver.

Trust Preferred Securities—The Company assumed trust preferred securities from iStar in connection with Merger. The trust preferred securities bear interest at three-month Adjusted Term SOFR plus 1.50%.

Debt Covenants—The Company is subject to financial covenants under the 2021 Unsecured Revolver and the 2023 Unsecured Revolver, including maintaining: (i) a ratio of total unencumbered assets to total unsecured debt of at least 1.33x; and (ii) a consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio of at least 1.15x, as such terms are defined in the documents governing the 2021 Unsecured Revolver and the 2023 Unsecured Revolver, as applicable. In addition, the 2021 Unsecured Revolver and the 2023 Unsecured Revolver contain customary affirmative and negative covenants. Among other things, these covenants may restrict the Company or certain of its subsidiaries’ ability to incur additional debt or liens, engage in certain mergers, consolidations and other fundamental changes, make other investments or pay dividends. The Company’s 2.80% Notes, 2.85% Notes, 3.98% Notes and 5.15% Notes are subject to a financial covenant requiring a ratio of unencumbered assets to unsecured debt of at least 1.25x and contain customary affirmative and negative covenants. The Company’s 3.98% Notes and 5.15% Notes contain a provision whereby they will be deemed to include additional financial covenants and negative covenants to the extent such covenants are incorporated into Portfolio Holdings’ and/or the Company’s existing or future material credit facilities, including the 2021 Unsecured Revolver and 2023 Unsecured Revolver, and to the extent such covenants are more favorable to the lenders under such material credit facilities than the covenants contained in the 3.98% Notes and 5.15% Notes. The Company’s mortgages contain no significant maintenance or ongoing financial covenants. As of September 30, 2023, the Company was in compliance with all of its financial covenants.

Future Scheduled Maturities—As of September 30, 2023, future scheduled maturities of outstanding debt obligations, assuming all extensions that can be exercised at the Company’s option, are as follows ($ in thousands):

	Secured(1)		Unsecured		Total
2023 (remaining three months)	$	—	$	—	$	—
2024		—		—		—
2025		—		—		—
2026		—		1,003,000		1,003,000
2027		237,000		—		237,000
Thereafter		1,261,113		1,479,001		2,740,114
Total principal maturities		1,498,113		2,482,001		3,980,114
Debt premium, discount and deferred financing costs, net		(26,580)		(15,707)		(42,287)
Total debt obligations, net	$	1,471,533	$	2,466,294	$	3,937,827

(1) As of September 30, 2023, the Company’s weighted average maturity for its secured mortgages was 27.8 years.

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Commitments and Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Note 9—Commitments and Contingencies

Lease Commitments—Future minimum lease obligations under non-cancelable operating leases as of September 30, 2023 are as follows ($ in thousands):⁽¹⁾

2023 (remaining three months)	$	1,422
2024		5,692
2025		5,680
2026		—
2027		—
Thereafter		—
Total undiscounted cash flows		12,794
Present value discount(1)		(1,112)
Other adjustments(2)		5,365
Lease liabilities	$	17,047

(1) The lease liability equals the present value of the minimum rental payments due under the lease discounted at the rate implicit in the lease or the Company’s incremental secured borrowing rate for similar collateral. For operating leases, lease liabilities were discounted at the Company’s weighted average incremental secured borrowing rate for similar collateral estimated to be 5.8% and the weighted average remaining lease term is 2.9 years. The Company assumed its operating leases from iStar in connection with the Merger and therefore did not directly make any payments under its operating leases for the three months ended March 31, 2023 or the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company made payments of $1.4 million and $2.9 million, respectively, related to its operating leases.

(2) Other adjustments relates to a property that is majority-owned by a third party and is ground leased to the Company. The Company is obligated to pay the owner of the property $0.5 million, subject to adjustment for changes in the CPI, per year through 2044; however, the Company’s Ground Lease tenant at the property pays this expense directly under the terms of a master lease.

Unfunded Commitments—The Company has unfunded commitments to certain of its Ground Lease tenants related to leasehold improvement allowances that it expects to fund upon the completion of certain conditions. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had $190.6 million of such commitments, excluding commitments to be funded by noncontrolling interests.

The Company also has unfunded forward commitments related to agreements that it entered into for the acquisition of new Ground Leases or additions to existing Ground Leases if certain conditions are met (refer to Note 13). These commitments may also include leasehold improvement allowances that will be funded to the Ground Lease tenants when certain conditions are met. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had an aggregate $283.6 million of such commitments. There can be no assurance that the conditions to closing for these transactions will be satisfied and that the Company will acquire the Ground Leases or fund the leasehold improvement allowances.

Other Commitments—Through the Leasehold Loan Fund, the Company will generally fund construction and development loans and build-outs of space in real estate assets over a period of time if and when the borrowers and tenants meet established milestones and other performance criteria. We refer to these arrangements as performance-based commitments. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had $118.9 million of such commitments.

Legal Proceedings—The Company evaluates developments in legal proceedings that could require a liability to be accrued and/or disclosed. Based on its current knowledge, and after consultation with legal counsel, the Company believes it is not a party to, nor are any of its properties the subject of, any pending legal proceeding that would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

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Risk Management and Derivatives

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Risks and Uncertainties [Abstract]

Risk Management and Derivatives

Note 10—Risk Management and Derivatives

In the normal course of its ongoing business operations, the Company encounters credit risk. Credit risk is the risk of default on the Company’s leases that result from a tenant’s inability or unwillingness to make contractually required payments.

Risk concentrations—Concentrations of credit risks arise when the Company has multiple leases with a particular tenant or credit party, or a number of the Company’s tenants are engaged in similar business activities, or activities in the same geographic region, or have similar economic features, such that their ability to meet contractual obligations, including those to the Company, could be similarly affected by changes in economic conditions.

Although the Company’s Ground Leases are geographically diverse and the tenants operate in a variety of industries and property types, to the extent the Company has a significant concentration of interest income from sales-type leases or operating lease income from any tenant, the inability of that tenant to make its payment could have a material adverse effect on the Company. The Company did not have a significant concentration of interest income from sales-type leases or operating lease income from any tenant for the periods presented.

Derivative instruments and hedging activity—The Company’s use of derivative financial instruments has been associated with debt issuances and primarily limited to the utilization of interest rate swaps and interest rate caps to manage interest rate risk exposure. The Company does not enter into derivatives for trading purposes.

The Company recognizes derivatives, if any, as either assets or liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets at fair value. Interest rate hedge assets are recorded in “Deferred expenses and other assets, net” and interest rate hedge liabilities are recorded in “Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. If certain conditions are met, a derivative may be specifically designated as a hedge of the exposure to changes in the fair value of a recognized asset or liability, a hedge of a forecasted transaction or the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability.

For the Company’s derivatives designated and qualifying as cash flow hedges, changes in the fair value of the derivatives are reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and subsequently reclassified into interest expense in the same periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on the Company’s debt. If a derivative includes an other-than-insignificant financing element at inception, when the Company is deemed to be the lender all cash inflows and outflows of the derivative are considered cash flows from investing activities in the Company’s consolidated statements of cash flows and when the Company is deemed to be the borrower all cash inflows and outflows of the derivative are considered cash flows from financing activities in the Company’s consolidated statements of cash flows.

For the Company’s derivatives not designated as hedges, the changes in the fair value of the derivatives are reported in “Interest expense” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Derivatives not designated as hedges are not speculative and are used to manage the Company’s exposure to interest rate movements and other identified risks but do not meet the strict hedge accounting requirements.

The table below presents the Company’s derivatives as well as their classification on the consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 ($ in thousands):⁽¹⁾

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
	Fair		Fair		Balance Sheet
Derivative Type	Value(2)		Value(2)		Location
Assets
Interest rate swaps	$	92,616	$	29,346	Deferred expenses and other assets, net
Total	$	92,616	$	29,346

(1) Over the next 12 months, the Company expects that $5.8 million related to cash flow hedges will be reclassified from “Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)” as a decrease to interest expense.

(2) The fair value of the Company’s derivatives is estimated using valuation techniques utilized by a third-party specialist using observable inputs such as interest rates and contractual cash flow and are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy.

Credit Risk-Related Contingent Features—The Company reports derivative instruments, if any, on a gross basis in its consolidated financial statements. The Company has agreements with each of its derivative counterparties that contain a provision whereby if the Company either defaults or is capable of being declared in default on any of its indebtedness, then the Company could also be declared in default on its derivative obligations.

The table below presents the effect of the Company’s derivative financial instruments in the consolidated statements of operations and the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the three and months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 ($ in thousands):

				Amount of Gain
		Amount of Gain		(Loss) Reclassified
		(Loss) Recognized		from Accumulated
		in Accumulated		Other
	Location of Gain (Loss)	Other		Comprehensive
	When Recognized in	Comprehensive		Income into
Derivatives Designated in Hedging Relationships	Income	Income		Earnings
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Interest rate swaps	Interest expense	$	53,834	$	1,494
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
Interest rate swaps	Interest expense	$	18,587	$	(943)
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Interest rate swaps	Interest expense	$	59,632	$	1,454
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Interest rate swaps	Interest expense	$	29,615	$	(2,945)

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Equity

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Equity

Note 11—Equity

Common Stock—At the effective time of the Merger on March 31, 2023, each share of Old SAFE common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time (other than any shares owned directly by iStar or any of the wholly-owned subsidiaries of iStar and in each case not held on behalf of third parties) was converted into the right to receive one share of newly issued common stock of the Company. As of September 30, 2023, the Company has one class of common stock outstanding.

In April 2023, the Company filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) an automatic shelf registration statement on Form S-3ASR. In addition, the Company and Portfolio Holdings entered into an ATM Equity Offering Sales Agreement (the “Primary Sales Agreement”) with the sales agents named therein pursuant to which

the Company may sell, from time to time, shares of its common stock, $0.01 par value per share (“Common Stock”), having an aggregate gross sales price of up to $300.0 million (the “Primary Shares”) through or to the sales agents. The Company may sell the Primary Shares in amounts and at times to be determined by the Company from time to time but has no obligation to sell any of the Primary Shares. Actual sales, if any, will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by the Company from time to time, including, among other things, market conditions, the trading price of the Common Stock, capital needs and determinations by the Company of the appropriate sources of its funding. Through September 30, 2023, the Company has not sold any shares of its common stock through the Primary Sales Agreement.

In August 2023,  the Company sold 6,500,000 shares of its common stock in an underwritten public offering for gross proceeds of $139.1 million. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer purchased $1.4 million in shares, or 65,420 shares, from the underwriters in the offering. The underwriters received the same underwriting discount with respect to these shares as they did from other shares of common stock sold to the public in the underwritten offering. Concurrently with the public offering, the Company sold $12.8 million in shares, or 599,983 shares, of its common stock to affiliates of MSD Partners in a private placement. The Company incurred a total of approximately $6.6 million of offering costs in connection with these transactions which were recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital. 

Equity Plans—Old SAFE adopted an equity incentive plan to provide equity incentive opportunities to members of the Former Manager’s management team and employees who performed services for Old SAFE, Old SAFE’s non-management directors, advisers, consultants and other personnel (the “2017 Equity Incentive Plan”). The 2017 Equity Incentive Plan provided for grants of stock options, shares of restricted common stock, phantom shares, dividend equivalent rights and other equity-based awards, including long-term incentive plan units. Grants under the 2017 Equity Incentive Plan were recognized as compensation costs ratably over the applicable vesting period and recorded in “General and administrative” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Prior to the effective time of the Merger, Old SAFE awarded all shares of Old SAFE common stock remaining available for issuance under the 2017 Equity Incentive Plan to members of its Former Manager’s management team and employees who performed services for Old SAFE. As of September 30, 2023, there were no shares available for issuance for future awards under Old SAFE’s 2017 Equity Incentive Plan.

iStar’s amended and restated 2009 Long-Term Incentive Program (the “LTIP”) was approved by stockholders in 2021 and remained in effect after the closing of the Merger. The LTIP is designed to provide incentive compensation for officers, key employees, directors and advisors of the Company. The LTIP provides for awards of stock options, shares of restricted stock, phantom shares, restricted stock units, dividend equivalent rights and other share-based performance awards. All awards under the LTIP are made at the discretion of the Company’s Board of Directors. Grants under the LTIP are recognized as compensation costs ratably over the applicable vesting period and recorded in “General and administrative” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. In June 2023, the Company issued an aggregate 24,336 vested shares of its common stock with a grant date fair value of $23.58 per share to its directors in consideration for their annual service as directors. On June 20, 2023, the LTIP was further amended to, among other things, increase the aggregate number of shares of common stock available for issuance. As of September 30, 2023, an aggregate of 435,612 shares of the Company’s common stock remain available for awards under the LTIP.

During the third quarter of 2018, Old SAFE adopted, and in the second quarter of 2019, its stockholders approved, the Caret Performance Incentive Plan (the “Original Caret Performance Incentive Plan”). Under the Original Caret Performance Incentive Plan, 1,500,000 Caret units were reserved for grants of performance-based awards to Original Caret Performance Incentive Plan participants, including certain of executives of iStar, and Old SAFE’s directors and service providers. Grants under the Original Caret Performance Incentive Plan were subject to vesting based on time-based service conditions and hurdles relating to Old SAFE’s common stock price, all of which were satisfied as of December 31, 2022, except with respect to approximately 850 Caret units that are scheduled to vest on December 31, 2023. In connection with the Merger, certain of Old SAFE’s former executive officers, entered into re-vesting agreements pursuant to which the

executives agreed to subject 25% of their previously vested Caret units to additional vesting conditions which will be satisfied on the second anniversary of the Merger, subject to the applicable executive’s continued employment through such date. In the event of a termination of the executive’s employment by the Company without “cause”, or due to the executive’s death, disability or retirement, the unvested Caret units shall continue to vest as and when the vesting conditions described above are satisfied.

In connection with the consummation of the Merger and the Caret Restructuring, Old SAFE, Caret Ventures and CARET Management Holdings LLC assigned each Award Agreement (as defined in the Original Caret Performance Incentive Plan) relating to outstanding Caret unit awards to Portfolio Holdings pursuant to the Omnibus Assignment, Assumption and Amendment Agreement, dated as of March 31, 2023 (the “Caret Assignment Agreement”). 

Following the effectiveness of the Caret Assignment Agreement, Old SAFE amended and restated the Original Caret Performance Incentive Plan (the “Amended Caret Performance Incentive Plan”).

Prior to the Merger, the Old SAFE compensation committee, and following the Merger, the Company’s compensation committee, approved the award of 76,801 new Caret units to executive officers and other employees, other than the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and the Company’s President and Chief Investment Officer, including 15,000 Caret units to the Company’s Chief Financial Officer. The new Caret unit awards were granted immediately following the Merger and the effectiveness of the Amended Caret Performance Incentive Plan, and cliff vest on the fourth anniversary of their grant date if the Company’s common stock has traded at an average per share price of $60.00 or more for at least 30 consecutive trading days during that four-year period.

As of September 30, 2023, and after giving effect to the Caret Restructuring and the post-Merger Caret unit awards, Amended Caret Performance Incentive Plan participants held 1,499,382 Caret units, representing 15.41% of the then-outstanding Caret units and 12.50% of the then-authorized Caret units.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized $1.0 million and $0.4 million in expense from Caret units, which is recorded in “General and administrative” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and “Noncontrolling interests” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

Noncontrolling Interests—Noncontrolling interests includes unrelated third-party equity interests in ventures that are consolidated in the Company’s consolidated financial statements and Caret units that have been sold to third-parties (refer to Note 1) or have been granted to employees of the Company’s Former Manager. See also “Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests” in Note 3.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)—Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) consists of net unrealized gains (losses) on the Company’s derivative transactions.

Dividends—The Company (then known as iStar) elected to be taxed as a REIT beginning with its taxable year ended December 31, 1998. To qualify as a REIT, the Company must annually distribute, at a minimum, an amount equal to 90% of its taxable income, excluding net capital gains, and must distribute 100% of its taxable income (including net capital gains) to eliminate corporate federal income taxes payable by the REIT. Because taxable income differs from cash flow from operations due to non-cash revenues and expenses (such as depreciation and other items), in certain circumstances, the Company may generate operating cash flow in excess of its dividends, or alternatively, may need to make dividend payments in excess of operating cash flows. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company declared cash dividends on its common stock of $35.3 million, or $0.531 per share, and $32.5 million, or $0.524 per share, respectively.

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Earnings Per Share

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Share

Note 12—Earnings Per Share

Earnings per share (“EPS”) is calculated by dividing net income attributable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of shares outstanding for the period. The following tables present a reconciliation of net income used in the basic and diluted EPS calculations ($ and shares in thousands, except for per share data):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net income (loss)	$	(122,846)	$	75,391	$	(96,019)	$	123,009
Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests		(123)		(9,314)		(138)		(9,381)
Net income (loss) attributable to Safehold Inc. common shareholders for basic and diluted earnings per common share	$	(122,969)	$	66,077	$	(96,157)	$	113,628

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Earnings attributable to common shares:
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per share:
Net income (loss) attributable to Safehold Inc. common shareholders - basic	$	(122,969)	$	66,077	$	(96,157)	$	113,628
Net income (loss) attributable to Safehold Inc. common shareholders - diluted	$	(122,969)	$	66,077	$	(96,157)	$	113,628
Denominator for basic and diluted earnings per share:(1)
Weighted average common shares outstanding for basic earnings per common share		67,979		63,393		65,214		61,991
Weighted average common shares outstanding for diluted earnings per common share		67,979		63,393		65,214		61,991
Basic and diluted earnings per common share:(1)
Net income (loss) attributable to Safehold Inc. common shareholders - basic	$	(1.81)	$	1.04	$	(1.47)	$	1.83
Net income (loss) attributable to Safehold Inc. common shareholders - diluted	$	(1.81)	$	1.04	$	(1.47)	$	1.83

(1) For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the effect of certain of the Company’s restricted stock awards were antidilutive due to the Company having a net loss for the period. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, weighted average shares outstanding and earnings per share have been recast in accordance with ASC 805 to reflect the exchange ratio used in the reverse acquisition.

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Related Party Transactions

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Related Party Transactions

Note 13—Related Party Transactions

Prior to the Merger, the Company was externally managed by an affiliate of iStar. iStar was an active real estate investor for over 20 years and had an extensive network for sourcing investments, which included relationships with brokers, corporate tenants and developers that it has established over its long operating history.

Management Agreement

A summary of the terms of the management agreement with iStar prior to the Merger is below:

Manager	SFTY Manager, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of iStar Inc.
Management Fee	Annual fee of 1.00% of total equity (up to $1.5 billion) Annual fee of 1.25% of total equity (for incremental equity of $1.5 billion to $3.0 billion) Annual fee of 1.375% of total equity (for incremental equity of $3.0 billion to $5.0 billion) and Annual fee of 1.5% of total equity (for incremental equity over $5.0 billion)
Management Fee Consideration	At the discretion of the Company’s independent directors, payment will be made in cash or in shares of the Company’s common stock (valued at the greater of: (i) the volume weighted average market price during a specified pricing period; or (ii) the initial public offering price of $20.00 per share)
Lock-up	Restriction from selling common stock received for management fees for two years from the date of such issuance (restriction will terminate in the event of and effective with the termination of the management agreement)
Incentive Fee	None
Term	Non-terminable through June 30, 2023, except for cause. Automatic annual renewals thereafter, subject to non-renewal upon certain findings by the Company’s independent directors and payment of termination fee.
Termination Fee	3x prior year’s management fee

During the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded $5.3 million in management fees to the Former Manager. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded $5.2 million and $15.0 million, respectively, in management fees to the Former Manager. These management fees are recorded in “General and administrative” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

Expense Reimbursements

The Company paid, or reimbursed iStar for, certain of the Company’s operating expenses as well as the costs of personnel performing certain legal, accounting, finance, due diligence tasks and other services, in each case except those specifically required to be borne or elected not to be charged by the iStar under the management agreement.

During the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Company was allocated $3.1 million in expenses from iStar. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company was allocated $3.1 million and $9.4 million, respectively, in expenses from iStar. These expenses are recorded in “General and administrative” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

Acquisitions and Commitments

Prior to the Merger, iStar participated in certain of the Company’s investment transactions, as the Company’s tenant or either as a seller of land or by providing financing to the Company’s Ground Lease tenants. The following is a list of transactions in which the Company and iStar or other persons deemed to be related parties have participated for the periods presented. These transactions were approved by the Company’s independent directors in accordance with the Company’s policy with respect to related party transactions.

In July 2022, the Company, pursuant to an agreement with iStar and upon certain construction related conditions being met, acquired an existing Ground Lease from iStar for $36.4 million inclusive of closing costs (refer to Note 4).

In June 2022, the Company acquired land and simultaneously structured and entered into a Ground Lease as part of the Ground Lease tenant’s recapitalization of a mixed-use property. The Company also committed to provide an additional $35.0 million to the Ground Lease tenant if certain construction and leasing milestones are met. The Leasehold Loan Fund, in which an affiliate of an existing shareholder (which is affiliated with one of the Company’s independent directors) owns a noncontrolling equity interest, committed to provide a $105.0 million loan to the Company’s Ground Lease tenant for the recapitalization of the leasehold. The Company paid the Leasehold Loan Fund $5.0 million of additional consideration in connection with this investment.

In April 2022, the Company acquired an existing Ground Lease from iStar for $9.0 million.

In March 2022, the Company acquired land for a purchase price of $28.5 million and simultaneously structured and entered into a Ground Lease as part of the Ground Lease tenant’s recapitalization of a hotel property. One of the Company’s independent directors has an indirect ownership interest in the entity that is the Ground Lease tenant and controls the company that indirectly manages that entity.

In March 2022, the Company paid iStar $0.3 million to terminate a purchase option that allowed iStar to purchase the land at the expiration of its Ground Lease with the Company. iStar sold the leasehold to a third party in March 2022.

In March 2022, the Company acquired three land properties from iStar for a total purchase price of $122.0 million and simultaneously structured and entered into three Ground Lease’s directly with the Ground Lease tenant.

In February 2022, the Company acquired land and simultaneously structured and entered into a Ground Lease as part of the Ground Lease tenant’s recapitalization of a life science development property. The Leasehold Loan Fund, in which an affiliate of an existing shareholder (which is affiliated with one of the Company’s independent directors) owns a noncontrolling equity interest, committed to provide a $130.0 million loan to the Company’s Ground Lease tenant for the recapitalization of the leasehold. The Company paid the Leasehold Loan Fund $9.0 million of additional consideration in connection with this investment.

In November 2021, the Company entered into an agreement pursuant to which it agreed to acquire land and a related Ground Lease originated by iStar when certain construction related conditions are met by a specified time period. The purchase price to be paid is $33.3 million, plus an amount necessary for iStar to achieve the greater of a 1.25x multiple or a 12% return on its investment. In addition, the Ground Lease documents contain future funding obligations to the Ground Lease tenant of approximately $51.8 million of leasehold improvement allowance upon achievement of certain milestones. In December 2021, iStar contributed the Ground Lease to the Ground Lease Plus Fund. The Company has a noncontrolling interest in the Ground Lease Plus Fund and an affiliate of an existing shareholder (which is affiliated with one of the Company’s independent directors) has a noncontrolling interest in the Ground Lease Plus Fund. The terms of the Company’s commitment under the agreement did not change upon iStar’s contribution of the Ground Lease to the Ground Lease Plus Fund. There can be no assurance that the conditions to closing will be satisfied and that the Company will acquire the Ground Lease from the Ground Lease Plus Fund. In May 2023, certain milestones were met by the tenant as it exited the pre-development stage and the tenant began accessing the leasehold improvement allowance. As of September 30, 2023, the Company funded $12.7 million of the leasehold improvement allowance.

In June 2021, the Company acquired from iStar a purchase option agreement for $1.2 million, which amount was equal to the deposit previously made by iStar under such option agreement plus assumption of iStar’s out of pocket costs and expenses in connection with entering into such option agreement. Under the option agreement, the Company had the

right to acquire for $215.0 million a property that is under a separate option for the benefit of a third party, whereby such third party has the right to enter into a Ground Lease and develop approximately 1.1 million square feet of office space. In September 2023, the Company terminated its acquisition right under the option agreement for $0.3 million and recognized a loss of $1.9 million, inclusive of the derecognition of previously-capitalized deal structuring costs. The loss is recorded in “Other expense” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

In June 2021, the Company entered into two agreements pursuant to each of which it agreed to acquire land and a related Ground Lease originated by iStar when certain construction related conditions are met by a specified time period. The purchase price to be paid for each is $42.0 million, plus an amount necessary for iStar to achieve the greater of a 1.25x multiple and a 9% return on its investment. In addition, each Ground Lease provides for a leasehold improvement allowance up to a maximum of $83.0 million, which obligation would be assumed by the Company upon acquisition. In January 2022, iStar sold the Ground Leases to the Ground Lease Plus Fund in which the Company owns a noncontrolling interest and an existing shareholder (which is affiliated with one of the Company’s independent directors) owns a noncontrolling interest. There can be no assurance that the conditions to closing will be satisfied and that the Company will acquire the properties and Ground Leases from the Ground Lease Plus Fund.

Caret units

In February 2022, Old SAFE sold an aggregate of 108,571 Caret units, 1.08% of the authorized Caret units, to a group of investors (refer to Note 3). In addition, an affiliate of an existing shareholder (which is affiliated with one of the Company’s independent directors) made a commitment to purchase 28,571 Caret units, or 0.29% of the authorized Caret units, for a purchase price of $5.0 million. As part of the sale, Old SAFE agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to provide public market liquidity for such Caret units by seeking to provide a listing of the Caret units (or securities into which they may be exchanged) on a public exchange within two years of the sale. In the event public market liquidity of the Caret units is not achieved within such two year period at a valuation not less than the purchase price for the Caret units purchased in February 2022, reduced by an amount equal to the amount of subsequent cash distributions made to investors on account of such Caret units, then the investors in the February 2022 transaction have the right to cause their Caret units purchased in February 2022 to be redeemed by Portfolio Holdings at such purchase price as so reduced.

On March 31, 2023, shortly before the closing of the Merger, iStar sold and affiliates of MSD Partners bought 5,405,406 shares of Old SAFE’s common stock then owned by iStar. On March 31, 2023, in conjunction with the closing of the Merger, affiliates of MSD Partners also purchased 100,000 Caret units (refer to Note 11) from the Company for an aggregate purchase price of $20.0 million. Additionally, on March 31, 2023, existing third-party Caret unit holders purchased an aggregate of 22,500 Caret units from the Company for an aggregate $4.5 million.

Star Holdings

On March 31, 2023, immediately prior to the closing of the Merger, the Company (then known as iStar Inc.) completed the Spin-Off, resulting in the spin-off of its remaining legacy assets and certain other assets pursuant to a separation and distribution agreement (the “Separation and Distribution Agreement”), dated as of March 31, 2023, by and between the Company and Star Holdings. The Separation and Distribution Agreement sets forth, among other things, Star Holdings’ agreements with the Company regarding the principal transactions necessary to separate Star Holdings from the Company. It also sets forth other agreements that govern certain aspects of Star Holdings’ relationship with the Company after the Spin-Off relating to the transfer of assets and assumption of liabilities, cash assets, release of claims, insurance, non-solicitation, segregation of accounts and other matters. The Separation and Distribution Agreement also includes a mutual release by Star Holdings, on the one hand, and the Company, on the other hand, of the other party from certain specified liabilities, as well as mutual indemnification covenants pursuant to which Star Holdings and the Company have agreed to indemnify each other from certain specified liabilities.

SpinCo Manager has entered into a management agreement with Star Holdings, pursuant to which it will operate and pursue the orderly monetization of Star Holding’s assets. Pursuant to the management agreement, Star Holdings pays to SpinCo Manager an annual management fee of $25.0 million in year one, $15.0 million in year two, $10.0 million in year three and $5.0 million in year four and 2.0% of the gross book value of Star Holding's assets, excluding shares of the Company’s common stock, for each annual term thereafter. The management agreement has an initial one-year term and will be automatically renewed for successive one-year terms each anniversary date thereafter unless previously terminated. The management agreement may be terminated by Star Holdings without cause by not less than one hundred eighty days’ written notice to SpinCo Manager upon the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of Star Holdings’ independent directors, provided, however, that if the date of termination occurs prior to the fourth anniversary of the Spin-Off, the termination will be subject to payment of the applicable termination fee to SpinCo Manager. Star Holdings may also terminate the management agreement at any time, including during the initial term, with 30 days’ prior written notice from Star Holdings’ board of trustees for “cause,” as defined in the management agreement.

In the event of a termination without cause by Star Holdings prior to the fourth anniversary of the Spin-Off, Star Holdings will pay SpinCo Manager a termination fee of $50.0 million minus the aggregate amount of management fees actually paid to SpinCo Manager prior to the termination date. However, if Star Holdings has completed the liquidation of its assets on or before the termination date, the termination fee will consist of any portion of the annual management fee that remained unpaid for the remainder of the then current annual term plus, if the termination date occurs on or before the third anniversary of the Spin-Off, the amount of the management fee that would have been payable for the next succeeding annual term, or if the termination date occurs after the third anniversary of the Spin-Off, zero.

In the event of a termination by the Company based on a reduction in the amount of Star Holdings’ consolidated assets below designated thresholds, Star Holdings will pay SpinCo Manager a termination fee of $30.0 million if the termination occurs in the first year, $15.0 million if the termination occurs in the second year and $5.0 million if the termination occurs in the third year, in each case, plus the balance of any unpaid portion of the annual management fee for the applicable year.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded $6.0 million and $13.2 million, respectively, in management fees from Star Holdings. The management fees are included in “Other income” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

The Company and Star Holdings also entered into a governance agreement that places certain restrictions on the transfer and voting of the shares of the Company owned by Star Holdings, and a registration rights agreement under which the Company agreed to register such shares for resale in accordance with applicable securities laws. As of September 30, 2023, Star Holdings owned approximately 19.0% of the Company’s common stock outstanding through a wholly-owned subsidiary.

In April 2023, the Company, Portfolio Holdings and Star Investment Holdings SPV LLC (“Star Investment Holdings”), a subsidiary of Star Holdings, entered into an ATM Equity Offering Sales Agreement (the “Selling Stockholder Sales Agreement”) with the sales agents named therein pursuant to which Star Investment Holdings may sell, from time to time, subject to receiving the Company’s consent, up to 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Selling Stockholder Shares”) through or to the sales agents. Star Investment Holdings may sell the Selling Stockholder Shares in amounts and at times to be determined by the Star Investment Holdings, subject to receiving the Company’s consent, from time to time but has no obligation to sell any of the Selling Stockholder Shares. Actual sales, if any, will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by Star Investment Holdings from time to time, including, among other things, market conditions, the trading price of the Company’s common stock, capital needs and determinations by Star Investment Holdings of the appropriate sources of its funding.

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Subsequent Events

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events

Note 14—Subsequent Events

On October 4, 2023, the Company entered into an amendment to the Star Holdings Term Loan Facility (refer to Note 4) with Star Holdings. The amendment provides that: (i) Star Holdings may access the existing $25.0 million additional commitment provided under the agreement to replenish funds expended by Star Holdings on or after October 4, 2023 to make voluntary prepayments under its margin loan facility; and (ii) Star Holdings will no longer have the right to pay interest in kind under the Star Holdings Term Loan Facility.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation—The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10-01 of Regulation S-X for interim financial statements. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for complete financial statements. These unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Old SAFE’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (the “2022 Annual Report”).

The preparation of these consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments consisting of normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods presented. Such operating results may not be indicative of the expected results for any other interim periods or the entire year.

Principles of Combination and Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation—The consolidated financial statements include the accounts and operations of the Company, its wholly-owned subsidiaries and VIEs for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Allowance for credit losses on net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables

Allowance for credit losses on net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables—Effective January 1, 2023, upon the adoption of ASU 2016-13, the Company implemented procedures to estimate its allowance for credit losses on net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables, including unfunded commitments, using a quantitative analysis to estimate expected loss rates for its portfolio of net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables. ASU 2016-13 replaced the incurred loss impairment methodology in prior GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses over the life of the investment and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. The Company analyzes historical data provided by Trepp (“Trepp”) for single asset borrower loans and considers comparable loan to value ratios, loss rates, timing of losses, vintage, property type and other statistics. The Company updates its analysis for current market conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts of unemployment rates to develop an estimate of credit losses. The Company analyzes its portfolio of Ground Leases in two categories, based on whether the underlying property is a stabilized property or a development project (projects with unfunded commitments that are under development or in transition). The Company’s development properties are assigned a higher loss rate due to the higher inherent risk of deals under construction.

Interest receivable is not included in the Company’s allowance for credit losses on net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables as the Company performs timely write-offs, if any, of aged interest receivables. The Company has also made a policy election to write off aged interest receivables through interest income from sales-type leases as opposed to through the provision for credit losses.

Real estate available and held for sale

Real estate available and held for sale—The Company reports real estate assets to be sold at the lower of their carrying amount or estimated fair value less costs to sell and classifies them as “Real estate available and held for sale” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. If the estimated fair value less costs to sell is less than the carrying value, the difference will be recorded as an impairment charge. Impairment for real estate assets disposed of or classified as held for sale are included in "Impairment of assets" in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Once a real estate asset is classified as held for sale, depreciation expense is no longer recorded.

The Company classifies its real estate assets as held for sale in the period in which all of the following conditions are met: (i) the Company commits to a plan and has the authority to sell the asset; (ii) the asset is available for sale in its current condition; (iii) the Company has initiated an active marketing plan to locate a buyer for the asset; (iv) the sale of the asset is both probable and expected to qualify for full sales recognition within a period of 12 months; (v) the asset is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reflective of its current fair value; and (vi) the Company does not anticipate changes to its plan to sell the asset.

If circumstances arise that were previously considered unlikely and, as a result the Company decides not to sell a property previously classified as held for sale, the property is reclassified as held and used and included in "Real estate, net" on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company measures and records a property that is reclassified as held and used at the lower of: (i) its carrying amount before the property was classified as held for sale, adjusted for any depreciation expense that would have been recognized had the property been continuously classified as held and used; or (ii) the estimated fair value at the date of the subsequent decision not to sell.

Fair values

Fair Values—The Company is required to disclose fair value information with regard to its financial instruments, whether or not recognized in the consolidated balance sheets, for which it is practical to estimate fair value. The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) guidance defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The following fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to be used in valuation techniques to measure fair value: Level 1: unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities; Level 2: quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs which are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability; and Level 3: prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e., supported by little or no market activity). The Company determines the estimated fair values of financial assets and liabilities based on a hierarchy that distinguishes between market participant assumptions based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company and the Company’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions.

The following table presents the carrying value and fair value for the Company’s financial instruments ($ in millions):  

	As of September 30, 2023				As of December 31, 2022
	Carrying		Fair		Carrying		Fair
	Value		Value		Value		Value
Assets
Net investment in sales-type leases(1)	$	3,183	$	3,073	$	3,107	$	3,236
Ground Lease receivables(1)		1,564		1,574		1,375		1,501
Loans receivable, net - related party(1)		112		114		—		—
Cash and cash equivalents(2)		11		11		20		20
Restricted cash(2)		28		28		28		28
Liabilities
Debt obligations, net(1)
Level 1		739		558		738		573
Level 3		3,199		2,564		2,783		2,358
Total debt obligations, net		3,938		3,122		3,521		2,931

(1) The fair value of the Company’s net investment in sales-type leases, Ground Lease receivables and loans receivable, net – related party are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of the Company’s debt obligations traded in secondary markets are classified as Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy and the fair value of the Company’s debt obligations not traded in secondary markets are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.

(2) The Company determined the carrying values of its cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash approximated their fair values and are classified as Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy.

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests—In February 2022, the Company sold 108,571 Caret units (refer to Note 11) for $19.0 million to third-party investors and received a commitment from an existing shareholder (which is affiliated with one of the Company’s independent directors) for the purchase of 28,571 Caret units for $5.0 million. As part of the sale, the Company agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to provide public market liquidity for such Caret units by seeking to provide a listing of the Caret units, or securities into which they may be exchanged, within two years of the sale. In the event public market liquidity of the Caret units is not achieved within such two year period at a valuation not less than the purchase price for the Caret units purchased in February 2022, reduced by an amount equal to the amount of subsequent cash distributions made to the investors on account of such Caret units, then the investors in the February 2022 transaction have the right to cause their Caret units purchased in February 2022 to be redeemed by Portfolio Holdings at their original purchase price as so reduced. 

The Company classifies these redeemable Caret units in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 480: Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity. ASC 480-10-S99-3A requires that equity securities redeemable at the option of the holder be classified outside of permanent stockholders’ equity. The Company classifies redeemable Caret units as “Redeemable noncontrolling interests” in its consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of changes in equity. The redeemable noncontrolling interest’s carrying amount is equal to the higher of (i) the initial carrying amount, increased or decreased for the redeemable noncontrolling interest’s share of net income or loss and dividends; or (ii) the redemption value.

Stock-based compensation

Stock-based compensation—In March 2023, the Company granted awards to employees with an aggregate grant date fair value of $25.0 million, or $28.89 per share. The awards vest ratably over a four-year service period. Compensation cost for stock-based awards is measured on the grant date and adjusted over the period of the employees’ services to reflect: (i) actual forfeitures; and (ii) the service conditions through the requisite service period. Compensation costs are recognized ratably over the applicable vesting/service period and recorded in "General and administrative" in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

Income taxes

Income taxes— The Company (then known as iStar) elected to be taxed as a REIT under sections 856 through 859 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code") beginning with its taxable year ended December 31, 1998. The Company operates its business in a manner consistent with its election to be taxed as a REIT. As such, the consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared consistent with the Company’s qualification as a REIT for the periods presented. The Company will be subject to federal and state income taxation at corporate rates on its net taxable income; the Company, however, may claim a deduction for the amount of dividends paid to its shareholders. Amounts distributed as dividends by the Company will be subject to taxation at the stockholder level only. While the Company must distribute at least 90% of its net taxable income to qualify as a REIT, the Company intends to distribute all of its net taxable income, if any, and eliminate federal and state taxes on undistributed net taxable income. Certain states may impose minimum franchise taxes. In addition, the Company is allowed certain other non-cash deductions or adjustments, such as depreciation expense, when computing its net taxable income and distribution requirement. These deductions permit the Company to reduce its dividend payout requirement under federal tax laws. The Company’s tax years from 2019 through 2021 remain subject to examination by major tax jurisdictions The Company has two taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRS”), one of which was formed during the year ended December 31, 2018 and had no material activity during the periods presented. Accordingly, no provision for income taxes was required. The second TRS provides management services to Star Holdings and internally to the REIT. The second TRS was acquired in the Company’s acquisition of iStar and first had activity during the three months ended June 30, 2023. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded current income tax expense in the amount of $1.4 million, which was partially offset by a deferred tax benefit of $0.9 million with respect to the TRS. In addition, the Company paid other state and local income taxes in the amount of $0.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Loans receivable, net - related party

Loans receivable, net – related party—Loans receivable, net – related party includes the four-year term loan that the Company originated to Star Holdings (refer to Note 4). Loans receivable classified as held-for-investment are reported at their outstanding unpaid principal balance net of any unamortized acquisition premiums or discounts and unamortized deferred loan costs or fees and credit loss allowances.

The Company performs a quarterly analysis of its loan receivable that incorporates management’s current judgments about credit quality based on all known and relevant internal and external factors that may affect collectability. The Company considers, among other things, payment status, lien position, borrower financial resources and investment collateral, collateral type, project economics and other economic factors. The Company estimates its Expected Loss on its loans receivable based on relevant information including current market conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of its investments. The estimate of the Company’s Expected Loss requires significant judgment. The Company calculated its Expected Loss through the use of third-party market data that provided current and future economic conditions that may impact the performance of the commercial real estate assets securing its investments.

The Company will consider a loan to be non-performing and place it on non-accrual status at such time as: (1) interest payments become 90 days delinquent; (2) it has a maturity default; or (3) management determines it is probable that it will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan. Non-accrual loans will be returned to accrual status when they have become contractually current and management believes all amounts contractually owed will be received.

The Company made the accounting policy election to record accrued interest on its loan asset separate from its loans receivable and to exclude accrued interest from its amortized cost basis disclosures. Any accrued interest receivable is recorded in “Deferred expenses and other assets, net” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had $26 thousand of accrued interest on its consolidated balance sheets. The Company will place its loan on non-accrual status once interest on the loan becomes 90 days delinquent and will reverse any accrued interest as a reduction to interest income or recognizes a credit loss expense at such time. As such, the Company elected the practical expedient to not record an allowance against accrued interest receivable. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company did not reverse any accrued interest on its loan asset.

Equity Investments

Equity Investments—Equity investments are accounted for pursuant to the equity method of accounting if the Company can significantly influence the operating and financial policies of the investee. The Company has noncontrolling equity interests in multiple ventures (refer to Note 6) and determined the entities to be voting interest entities. As such, its equity interests in these ventures are accounted for pursuant to the equity method of accounting. The Company’s periodic share of earnings and losses in equity method investees are included in "Earnings from equity method investments" in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Equity investments are included in "Equity investments" on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company acquired two equity interests from iStar in connection with the Merger. In connection with the acquisition, the Company has basis differences in these equity interests that are amortized to income over the life of the underlying assets (refer to Note 6).

Interest Income - related party

Interest Income – related party—Interest income - related party (refer to Note 4) is recognized on an accrual basis using the effective interest method and is recorded in “Interest income – related party” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

Management fees

Management fees—The Company earns management fees through SpinCo Manager’s management agreement with Star Holdings pursuant to which SpinCo Manager operates and pursues the orderly monetization of Star Holding’s assets (refer to Note 1). Effective March 31, 2023, Star Holdings will pay SpinCo Manager an annual management fee of $25.0 million in year one, $15.0 million in year two, $10.0 million in year three, $5.0 million in year four and 2.0% of the gross book value of Star Holdings’ assets, excluding shares of the Company’s common stock, for each annual term thereafter. Management fees are paid quarterly in arrears. The Company recognizes management fee income in accordance

with ASC  606: Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). Upon the Company’s initial evaluation of the management contract, the Company evaluated the payment terms and termination clauses and it determined the estimated term of the contract to be three years and the total transaction price to be $50.0 million. The Company determined that the termination fees payable by Star Holdings in year one through year three upon termination of the management agreement would be substantive and therefore termination of the management agreement would be unlikely before year four. The Company will continue to evaluate the anticipated term and total transaction price of the management agreement as it executes its performance obligations under the management agreement. Pursuant to ASC 606, the Company allocated the transaction price to its performance obligations under the management agreement. The Company determined that the management contract represents a single continuing performance obligation and tracks its progress toward satisfying its performance obligation using an input method to measure the level of effort expended during the period and time budgeted to complete its obligations, which is subject to variability based on market conditions. The Company recognizes management fee income as it satisfies the performance obligations of the contract and records management fees in “Other income” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

Acquisitions

Acquisitions—The Company evaluates each acquisition transaction to determine whether the acquired asset meets the definition of a business. Under ASC 805, an acquisition does not qualify as a business when (i) substantially all of the fair value is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets; (ii) the acquisition does not include a substantive process in the form of an acquired workforce; or (iii) there is an acquired contract that cannot be replaced without significant cost, effort or delay. Acquisitions of a business are accounted for as business combinations and other acquisition transactions are accounted for as asset acquisitions. Transaction costs related to asset acquisitions are capitalized as part of the cost basis of the acquired assets, while transaction costs related to business combinations are expensed as incurred.

The Company’s acquisition of iStar was accounted for as a business combination. For business combinations, the Company recognizes and measures identifiable assets acquired, liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree at their fair values on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. In a business combination, the difference, if any, between the purchase consideration and the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired is either recorded as goodwill or as a bargain purchase gain. 

Fair values are based on available information including discounted cash flow analysis or similar fair value models. Fair value estimates are also made using significant assumptions such as capitalization rates, discount rates, fair market lease rates and other market data. The fair value of the Company’s interests in equity investments acquired is calculated using the fair value of the investments held by the venture, which are valued using methods as described above, and considers the Company’s economics in the venture.

The fair value of financial instruments, which could include loans receivable or net investment in sales-type leases, is based on current market conditions and loan or lease agreements in place. The fair value of tangible assets, which could include land, buildings, building improvements and tenant improvements is determined as if these assets are vacant. Intangible assets may include the value of right of use lease assets, above-market leases and in-place leases. As lessee, right of use lease assets and lease liabilities are measured at the present value of lease payments not yet paid, discounted at the implied rate charged by the lessor if that rate is readily determinable, or if that rate is not readily determinable, the Company's incremental borrowing rate, as of the date of the acquisition. As lessee, operating lease right of use assets are included in “Deferred expenses and other assets, net” and operating lease liabilities are recorded in “Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. As lessee, above-market operating lease intangibles, in-place operating lease intangibles and below-market lease assets are each recorded at their fair values and included in “Deferred expenses and other assets, net” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

The table below shows the Company’s purchase consideration for the acquisition of iStar ($ in thousands):

Total Company shares as purchase price(1)		1,195,034
Stock price of the Company’s common stock(2)	$	29.78
Fair value of the Company's stock transferred		35,588
Cash consideration paid by the Company to iStar		88,685
Purchase consideration	$	124,273

(1) The total post-Merger shares of the Company to be held by iStar shareholders includes 12.7 million shares that were issued as consideration for the investment in Old SAFE previously held by iStar as of March 30, 2023 that were retired in connection with the Merger. Accordingly, these shares are excluded from the purchase consideration as they are reflected as a treasury stock repurchase and retirement by Old SAFE.

(2) Based on the closing price of Old SAFE’s common stock as of March 30, 2023, representing the final closing price prior to the effective time of the Merger.

The Merger was accounted for as a business combination pursuant to ASC 805 and all Merger related costs were expensed as incurred. The Company recorded $0.1 million of Merger expenses during the three months ended September 30, 2023 in “Other expense” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The Company recorded $18.9 million of Merger expenses during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, of which $14.1 million was recorded in “Other expense” and $4.8 million was recorded in “General and administrative” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company also recorded $0.9 million of related non-recurring charges in “Other expense” and a provision for credit losses of $2.3 million on the Secured Term Loan Facility (refer to Note 4) which was originated at the time of the Merger in conjunction with the Spin-Off. Excluding $3.0 million of related non-recurring charges and the $2.3 million provision for credit losses on the Secured Term Loan Facility, through September 30, 2023, the Company has incurred $26.6 million of Merger expenses.

The following table sets forth the preliminary allocation as of March 31, 2023 of the purchase consideration to the fair values of identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, recognized as a result of the acquisition described in Note 1 above, measurement period adjustments and a revised allocation of the purchase consideration ($ in thousands):

	Preliminary		Measurement		Revised
	Purchase Price Allocation		Period Adjustments		Purchase Price Allocation
Cash and cash equivalents	$	3,213	$	—	$	3,213
Real estate		1,508		—		1,508
Equity investments(1)		61,247		—		61,247
Deferred tax asset(2)		—		6,292		6,292
Deferred expenses and other assets(2)(3)		25,442		6,480		31,922
Total assets acquired		91,410		12,772		104,182
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities(2)(4)		(22,939)		(2,340)		(25,279)
Debt obligations(5)		(99,995)		—		(99,995)
Total liabilities assumed		(122,934)		(2,340)		(125,274)
Net identifiable (liabilities assumed) assets acquired		(31,524)		10,432		(21,092)
Purchase consideration	$	124,273	$	—	$	124,273
Add: net identifiable liabilities assumed		31,524		(10,432)		21,092
Goodwill(6)		155,797		(10,432)		145,365

(1) Equity investments were valued using discount rates between 7.2% and 13.9% and are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.

(2) During the three months ended June 30, 2023, the Company recorded a deferred tax asset in the amount of $6.3 million, net of a valuation allowance in the amount of $2.8 million, and reduced goodwill by $6.3 million. The net deferred tax asset relates to net operating loss carryovers to which the Company’s taxable REIT subsidiary is a successor and were finalized upon filing tax returns subsequent to the Merger for periods prior to the Merger. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized $6.5 million of deferred expenses and other assets related to final state tax receivables and $2.3 million in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities as a result of finalizing its tax returns which produced additional information not available at the time of the Merger. The following table presents a rollforward of the Company’s goodwill:

Balance at December 31, 2022	$	—
Goodwill recognized at Merger		155,797
Reduction to goodwill resulting from measurement period adjustments		(10,432)
Impairment		(145,365)
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	—

(3) Deferred expenses and other assets includes $11.0 million attributable to operating lease right of use assets, $4.7 million attributable to prepaid expenses resulting from the settlement of iStar’s compensation plans, $2.1 million attributable to in-place prepaid contracts, $1.3 million attributable to office furniture and equipment and $6.3 million attributable to other receivables.

(4) Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities primarily includes a $14.2 million operating lease liability. In addition, under the Merger Agreement, iStar was required to fund its share of merger-related costs and to provide sufficient cash to fund any unresolved corporate obligations and accrued liabilities or costs yet-to-be incurred prior to the Merger. Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities includes approximately $8.7 million of obligations assumed from iStar, which are offset with corresponding amounts in cash and cash equivalents and amounts receivable in deferred expenses and other assets, net sufficient to settle such obligations.

(5) Debt obligations were valued using a discount rate of 6.7% and are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.

(6) Goodwill is calculated as the excess of purchase consideration over the fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired and primarily relates to the acquisition of iStar’s workforce and future synergies expected to be realized after the completion of the Merger.

The following table summarizes the Company's pro forma revenues and net income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 as if the Merger described in Note 1 was completed on January 1, 2022 ($ in thousands):⁽¹⁾

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Pro forma revenues	$	85,561	$	84,388	$	268,478	$	229,608
Pro forma net income (loss)		(122,846)		45,214		(66,412)		(118,086)

(1) The pro forma revenues and net income (loss) are presented for informational purposes only and may not be indicative of what the actual results of operations of the Company would have been assuming the transaction occurred on January 1, 2022, nor do they purport to represent the Company’s results of operations for future periods. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, pro forma net loss includes $47.7 million of merger expenses (including $20.3 million of merger expenses borne by iStar), which are non-recurring in nature. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, pro forma net loss includes $13.2 million and $171.9 million, respectively, of losses on extinguishment of debt, which are non-recurring in nature. From the date of the Merger closing through September 30, 2023, $0.1 million of total revenues and $6.0 million of net income of the acquiree are included in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

Goodwill

Goodwill—Goodwill is calculated as the excess of purchase consideration over the fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired (or liabilities assumed) and primarily relates to the acquisition of iStar’s workforce and future synergies expected to be realized from the Merger. Goodwill is not subject to amortization but is tested annually for impairment or more frequently should potential triggering events be identified that may indicate potential impairment, such as when a company’s fair value, or the estimated fair value of a reporting unit of a company, is below its book value.

During the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company experienced a precipitous and sustained decline in the price per share of its common stock, which it identified as an indicator of goodwill impairment. As a result, the Company performed an interim goodwill evaluation. The Company determined that its current operations are carried out through a single reporting unit with a carrying value of approximately $2.4 billion. The estimated fair value of the Company was determined to be the Company’s market capitalization adjusted for a control premium estimated by the Company representing an amount a market participant would pay to obtain a controlling interest in the Company. The Company determined that its carrying value exceeded its estimated fair value and therefore recorded an impairment of goodwill. The Company recorded a $145.4 million full impairment of the goodwill recognized as a result of the Merger, which is recorded as a non-cash charge in “Impairment of goodwill” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The Company does not expect goodwill to have any tax impact on its financial statements.

New Accounting Pronouncements

New accounting pronouncements—The following paragraph describes the impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements from the adoption of Accounting Standards Updates ("ASUs") on January 1, 2023.

The Company adopted ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ("ASU 2016-13"), as amended, on January 1, 2023 using the modified retrospective approach method. Under the modified retrospective approach, the Company recorded a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings by recording an initial allowance for credit losses on net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables. Periods presented that are prior to the adoption date of January 1, 2023 will not be adjusted. ASU 2016-13 replaced the incurred loss impairment methodology with a methodology that reflects a current expected credit loss ("Expected Loss"). ASU 2016-13 impacted all of the Company’s investments held at amortized cost, which included its net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables. Upon adoption of ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2023, the Company recorded an initial allowance for credit losses on net investments in sales-type leases of $0.4 million and an initial allowance for credit losses on Ground Lease receivables of $0.2 million, both of which were recorded as a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings. Subsequent increases or decreases in the allowance for credit losses on net investment in sales-type leases or Ground Lease receivables will be charged to "Provision for credit losses" in the Company's consolidated statements of operations. Refer to "Significant Accounting Policies" above for more information on how the Company determines its allowance for credit losses on net investment in sales-type leases, Ground Lease receivables and loans receivable, net – related party.

The Company also adopted ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses: Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures (“ASU 2022-02”). ASU 2022-02 eliminated troubled debt restructuring recognition and measurement guidance and requires disclosure of gross write-offs by vintage for public business entities. The adoption of ASU 2022-02 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

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Summary of Significant Policies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Fair Value, by Balance Sheet Grouping

The following table presents the carrying value and fair value for the Company’s financial instruments ($ in millions):  

	As of September 30, 2023				As of December 31, 2022
	Carrying		Fair		Carrying		Fair
	Value		Value		Value		Value
Assets
Net investment in sales-type leases(1)	$	3,183	$	3,073	$	3,107	$	3,236
Ground Lease receivables(1)		1,564		1,574		1,375		1,501
Loans receivable, net - related party(1)		112		114		—		—
Cash and cash equivalents(2)		11		11		20		20
Restricted cash(2)		28		28		28		28
Liabilities
Debt obligations, net(1)
Level 1		739		558		738		573
Level 3		3,199		2,564		2,783		2,358
Total debt obligations, net		3,938		3,122		3,521		2,931

(1) The fair value of the Company’s net investment in sales-type leases, Ground Lease receivables and loans receivable, net – related party are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of the Company’s debt obligations traded in secondary markets are classified as Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy and the fair value of the Company’s debt obligations not traded in secondary markets are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.

(2) The Company determined the carrying values of its cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash approximated their fair values and are classified as Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy.

Schedule of Purchase Consideration for Acquisition of iStar

The table below shows the Company’s purchase consideration for the acquisition of iStar ($ in thousands):

Total Company shares as purchase price(1)		1,195,034
Stock price of the Company’s common stock(2)	$	29.78
Fair value of the Company's stock transferred		35,588
Cash consideration paid by the Company to iStar		88,685
Purchase consideration	$	124,273

(1) The total post-Merger shares of the Company to be held by iStar shareholders includes 12.7 million shares that were issued as consideration for the investment in Old SAFE previously held by iStar as of March 30, 2023 that were retired in connection with the Merger. Accordingly, these shares are excluded from the purchase consideration as they are reflected as a treasury stock repurchase and retirement by Old SAFE.

(2) Based on the closing price of Old SAFE’s common stock as of March 30, 2023, representing the final closing price prior to the effective time of the Merger.

Schedule of Identifiable Tangible and Intangible Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed

The following table sets forth the preliminary allocation as of March 31, 2023 of the purchase consideration to the fair values of identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, recognized as a result of the acquisition described in Note 1 above, measurement period adjustments and a revised allocation of the purchase consideration ($ in thousands):

	Preliminary		Measurement		Revised
	Purchase Price Allocation		Period Adjustments		Purchase Price Allocation
Cash and cash equivalents	$	3,213	$	—	$	3,213
Real estate		1,508		—		1,508
Equity investments(1)		61,247		—		61,247
Deferred tax asset(2)		—		6,292		6,292
Deferred expenses and other assets(2)(3)		25,442		6,480		31,922
Total assets acquired		91,410		12,772		104,182
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities(2)(4)		(22,939)		(2,340)		(25,279)
Debt obligations(5)		(99,995)		—		(99,995)
Total liabilities assumed		(122,934)		(2,340)		(125,274)
Net identifiable (liabilities assumed) assets acquired		(31,524)		10,432		(21,092)
Purchase consideration	$	124,273	$	—	$	124,273
Add: net identifiable liabilities assumed		31,524		(10,432)		21,092
Goodwill(6)		155,797		(10,432)		145,365

(1) Equity investments were valued using discount rates between 7.2% and 13.9% and are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.

(2) During the three months ended June 30, 2023, the Company recorded a deferred tax asset in the amount of $6.3 million, net of a valuation allowance in the amount of $2.8 million, and reduced goodwill by $6.3 million. The net deferred tax asset relates to net operating loss carryovers to which the Company’s taxable REIT subsidiary is a successor and were finalized upon filing tax returns subsequent to the Merger for periods prior to the Merger. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized $6.5 million of deferred expenses and other assets related to final state tax receivables and $2.3 million in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities as a result of finalizing its tax returns which produced additional information not available at the time of the Merger. The following table presents a rollforward of the Company’s goodwill:

Balance at December 31, 2022	$	—
Goodwill recognized at Merger		155,797
Reduction to goodwill resulting from measurement period adjustments		(10,432)
Impairment		(145,365)
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	—

(3) Deferred expenses and other assets includes $11.0 million attributable to operating lease right of use assets, $4.7 million attributable to prepaid expenses resulting from the settlement of iStar’s compensation plans, $2.1 million attributable to in-place prepaid contracts, $1.3 million attributable to office furniture and equipment and $6.3 million attributable to other receivables.

(4) Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities primarily includes a $14.2 million operating lease liability. In addition, under the Merger Agreement, iStar was required to fund its share of merger-related costs and to provide sufficient cash to fund any unresolved corporate obligations and accrued liabilities or costs yet-to-be incurred prior to the Merger. Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities includes approximately $8.7 million of obligations assumed from iStar, which are offset with corresponding amounts in cash and cash equivalents and amounts receivable in deferred expenses and other assets, net sufficient to settle such obligations.

(5) Debt obligations were valued using a discount rate of 6.7% and are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.

(6) Goodwill is calculated as the excess of purchase consideration over the fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired and primarily relates to the acquisition of iStar’s workforce and future synergies expected to be realized after the completion of the Merger.

Rollforward of Goodwill

Balance at December 31, 2022	$	—
Goodwill recognized at Merger		155,797
Reduction to goodwill resulting from measurement period adjustments		(10,432)
Impairment		(145,365)
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	—

Schedule of Pro Forma Revenues and Net Income (Loss)

The following table summarizes the Company's pro forma revenues and net income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 as if the Merger described in Note 1 was completed on January 1, 2022 ($ in thousands):⁽¹⁾

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Pro forma revenues	$	85,561	$	84,388	$	268,478	$	229,608
Pro forma net income (loss)		(122,846)		45,214		(66,412)		(118,086)

(1) The pro forma revenues and net income (loss) are presented for informational purposes only and may not be indicative of what the actual results of operations of the Company would have been assuming the transaction occurred on January 1, 2022, nor do they purport to represent the Company’s results of operations for future periods. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, pro forma net loss includes $47.7 million of merger expenses (including $20.3 million of merger expenses borne by iStar), which are non-recurring in nature. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, pro forma net loss includes $13.2 million and $171.9 million, respectively, of losses on extinguishment of debt, which are non-recurring in nature. From the date of the Merger closing through September 30, 2023, $0.1 million of total revenues and $6.0 million of net income of the acquiree are included in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

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Net Investment in Sales-type Leases, Ground Lease Receivables and Loans Receivable, net - Related Party (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Net Investment in Sales Type Leases

The Company’s net investment in sales-type leases were comprised of the following ($ in thousands):

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Total undiscounted cash flows(1)	$	29,715,761	$	29,586,227
Unguaranteed estimated residual value(1)		2,915,013		2,900,218
Present value discount		(29,447,714)		(29,379,846)
Allowance for credit losses		(468)		—
Net investment in sales-type leases(2)	$	3,182,592	$	3,106,599

(1) As of September 30, 2023, total discounted cash flows were approximately $3,153 million and the discounted unguaranteed estimated residual value was $30.1 million. As of December 31, 2022, total discounted cash flows were approximately $3,077 million and the discounted unguaranteed estimated residual value was $29.1 million.

(2) As of September 30, 2023, $6.5 million was attributable to noncontrolling interests.

Schedule of rollforward of net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables

The following table presents a rollforward of the Company’s net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 ($ in thousands):

	Net Investment in		Ground Lease
	Sales-type Leases		Receivables		Total
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Beginning balance	$	3,106,599	$	1,374,716	$	4,481,315
Impact from adoption of new accounting standard (refer to Note 3)		(351)		(199)		(550)
Origination/acquisition/fundings(1)		33,400		170,194		203,594
Accretion		43,061		19,078		62,139
Provision for credit losses		(117)		(119)		(236)
Ending balance(2)	$	3,182,592	$	1,563,670	$	4,746,262

	Net Investment in		Ground Lease
	Sales-type Leases		Receivables		Total
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Beginning balance	$	2,412,716	$	796,252	$	3,208,968
Sales		(76,701)		—		(76,701)
Origination/acquisition/fundings(1)		691,305		515,618		1,206,923
Accretion		38,793		14,762		53,555
Ending balance	$	3,066,113	$	1,326,632	$	4,392,745

(1) The net investment in sales-type leases is initially measured at the present value of the fixed and determinable lease payments, including any guaranteed or unguaranteed estimated residual value of the asset at the end of the lease, discounted at the rate implicit in the lease. For newly originated or acquired Ground Leases, the Company’s estimate of residual value equals the fair value of the land at lease commencement.

(2) As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, all of the Company’s net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables were current in their payment status. As of September 30, 2023, the Company’s weighted average accrual rate for its net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables was 5.1% and 5.4%, respectively. As of September 30, 2023, the weighted average remaining life of the Company’s 35 Ground Lease receivables was 98.3 years.

Schedule of changes in allowance for credit losses on net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables

Allowance for Credit Losses—Changes in the Company’s allowance for credit losses on net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 were as follows ($ in thousands):

	Net investment in sales-type leases
	Stabilized		Development		Unfunded
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023	Properties		Properties		Commitments		Total
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period	$	259	$	77	$	1	$	337
Provision for credit losses(1)		110		22		—		132
Allowance for credit losses at end of period(2)	$	369	$	99	$	1	$	469

	Ground Lease receivables
	Stabilized		Development		Unfunded
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023	Properties		Properties		Commitments		Total
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period	$	94	$	127	$	60	$	281
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses(1)		40		57		(3)		94
Allowance for credit losses at end of period(2)	$	134	$	184	$	57	$	375

	Net investment in sales-type leases
	Stabilized		Development		Unfunded
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023	Properties		Properties		Commitments		Total
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Impact from adoption of new accounting standard (refer to Note 3)(3)		280		71		6		357
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses(1)		89		28		(5)		112
Allowance for credit losses at end of period(2)	$	369	$	99	$	1	$	469

	Ground Lease receivables
	Stabilized		Development		Unfunded
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023	Properties		Properties		Commitments		Total
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Impact from adoption of new accounting standard (refer to Note 3)(3)		102		97		84		283
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses(1)		32		87		(27)		92
Allowance for credit losses at end of period(2)	$	134	$	184	$	57	$	375

(1) During the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded a provision for credit losses on net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables of $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively. The provision for credit losses was due primarily to a declining macroeconomic forecast since June 30, 2023. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded a provision for credit losses on net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables of $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively. The provision for credit losses on net investment in leases and Ground Lease receivables was due primarily to a declining macroeconomic forecast since December 31, 2022.

(2) Allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments is recorded in “Accounts payable and accrued expenses” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

(3) On January 1, 2023, the Company recorded an allowance for credit losses on net investment in sales-type leases of $0.4 million and an allowance for credit losses on Ground Lease receivables of $0.2 million upon the adoption of ASU 2016-13, of which an aggregate of $0.1 million related to expected credit losses for unfunded commitments and was recorded in "Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities."

Amortized Cost Basis in Ground Lease Receivables

The Company’s amortized cost basis in Ground Lease receivables, presented by year of origination and by stabilized or development status, was as follows as of September 30, 2023 ($ in thousands):

	Year of Origination
	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior to 2019		Total
Ground Lease receivables
Stabilized properties	$	19,004	$	295,600	$	133,296	$	179,914	$	447,915	$	—	$	1,075,729
Development properties		1		345,220		143,038		—		—		—		488,259
Total	$	19,005	$	640,820	$	276,334	$	179,914	$	447,915	$	—	$	1,563,988

Future Minimum Lease Payments Under Sales-type Leases

Future Minimum Lease Payments under Sales-type Leases—Future minimum lease payments to be collected under sales-type leases accounted for under ASC 842 - Leases, excluding lease payments that are not fixed and determinable, in effect as of September 30, 2023, are as follows by year ($ in thousands):

					Fixed Bumps
	Fixed Bumps				with
	with Inflation		Fixed		Percentage
	Adjustments		Bumps		Rent		Total
2023 (remaining three months)	$	24,735	$	561	$	146	$	25,442
2024		101,639		2,256		586		104,481
2025		103,607		2,283		586		106,476
2026		105,567		2,311		586		108,464
2027		107,475		2,339		586		110,400
Thereafter		28,577,374		583,455		99,669		29,260,498
Total undiscounted cash flows	$	29,020,397	$	593,205	$	102,159	$	29,715,761

Recognized Interest Income from Sales type Leases

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized interest income from sales-type leases in its consolidated statements of operations as follows ($ in thousands):

	Net Investment		Ground
	in Sales-type		Lease
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023	Leases		Receivables		Total
Cash	$	25,309	$	12,767	$	38,076
Non-cash		14,482		6,572		21,054
Total interest income from sales-type leases	$	39,791	$	19,339	$	59,130

	Net Investment		Ground
	in Sales-type		Lease
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022	Leases		Receivables		Total
Cash	$	24,256	$	10,585	$	34,841
Non-cash		14,108		5,787		19,895
Total interest income from sales-type leases	$	38,364	$	16,372	$	54,736

	Net Investment		Ground
	in Sales-type		Lease
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023	Leases		Receivables		Total
Cash	$	75,355	$	36,856	$	112,211
Non-cash		43,061		19,078		62,139
Total interest income from sales-type leases	$	118,416	$	55,934	$	174,350

	Net Investment		Ground
	in Sales-type		Lease
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022	Leases		Receivables		Total
Cash	$	66,017	$	26,442	$	92,459
Non-cash		38,793		14,762		53,555
Total interest income from sales-type leases	$	104,810	$	41,204	$	146,014

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Real Estate, Real Estate-Related Intangibles and Real Estate Available and Held for Sale (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Real Estate [Abstract]

Schedule of Real Estate Assets

The Company’s real estate assets consist of the following ($ in thousands):

	As of
	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Land and land improvements, at cost	$	551,339	$	547,739
Buildings and improvements, at cost		193,232		193,232
Less: accumulated depreciation		(38,892)		(34,371)
Total real estate, net	$	705,679	$	706,600
Real estate-related intangible assets, net		212,771		217,795
Real estate available and held for sale(1)		7,216		—
Total real estate, net and real estate-related intangible assets, net and real estate available and held for sale	$	925,666	$	924,395

(1) During the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company acquired $7.2 million of real property that is being marketed for sale and is recorded in real estate available and held for sale. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company sold $1.5 million of real property that was acquired from iStar that was classified as available for sale upon acquisition. The Company recognized $0.1 million of gains on the sales, which is recorded in “Other income” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

Schedule of Real Estate-Related Intangible Assets, Net

Real estate-related intangible assets, net consist of the following items ($ in thousands):

	As of September 30, 2023
	Gross		Accumulated		Carrying
	Intangible		Amortization		Value
Above-market lease assets, net(1)	$	186,002	$	(17,605)	$	168,397
In-place lease assets, net(2)		65,345		(21,678)		43,667
Other intangible assets, net		750		(43)		707
Total	$	252,097	$	(39,326)	$	212,771

	As of December 31, 2022
	Gross		Accumulated		Carrying
	Intangible		Amortization		Value
Above-market lease assets, net(1)	$	186,002	$	(15,254)	$	170,748
In-place lease assets, net(2)		65,345		(19,011)		46,334
Other intangible assets, net		750		(37)		713
Total	$	252,097	$	(34,302)	$	217,795

(1) Above-market lease assets are recognized during asset acquisitions when the present value of market rate rental cash flows over the term of a lease is less than the present value of the contractual in-place rental cash flows. Above-market lease assets are amortized over the non-cancelable term of the leases.

(2) In-place lease assets are recognized during asset acquisitions and are estimated based on the value associated with the costs avoided in originating leases comparable to the acquired in-place leases as well as the value associated with lost rental revenue during the assumed lease-up period. In-place lease assets are amortized over the non-cancelable term of the leases.

Schedule of Amortization of Real Estate Related Intangible Assets

The amortization of real estate-related intangible assets had the following impact on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 ($ in thousands):

	Income Statement	For the Three Months Ended September 30,
Intangible asset	Location	2023		2022
Above-market lease assets (decrease to income)	Operating lease income	$	784	$	784
In-place lease assets (decrease to income)	Depreciation and amortization		889		898
Other intangible assets (decrease to income)	Operating lease income		2		2

	Income Statement	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
Intangible asset	Location	2023		2022
Above-market lease assets (decrease to income)	Operating lease income	$	2,351	$	2,351
In-place lease assets (decrease to income)	Depreciation and amortization		2,667		2,688
Other intangible assets (decrease to income)	Operating lease income		6		6

Schedule of Future Amortization Expense

The estimated amortization of real estate-related intangible assets for each of the five succeeding fiscal years is as follows ($ in thousands):⁽¹⁾

Year	Amount
2023 (remaining three months)	$	1,658
2024		6,634
2025		6,634
2026		3,725
2027		3,725

(1) As of September 30, 2023, the weighted average amortization period for the Company’s real estate-related intangible assets was approximately 80.3 years.

Schedule of Real Estate Related Intangible Liabilities

Real estate-related intangible liabilities, net consist of the following items ($ in thousands):

	As of September 30, 2023
	Gross		Accumulated		Carrying
	Intangible		Amortization		Value
Below-market lease liabilities(1)	$	68,618	$	(4,655)	$	63,963

	As of December 31, 2022
	Gross		Accumulated		Carrying
	Intangible		Amortization		Value
Below-market lease liabilities(1)	$	68,618	$	(4,027)	$	64,591

(1) Below-market lease liabilities are recognized during asset acquisitions when the present value of market rate rental cash flows over the term of a lease exceeds the present value of the contractual in-place rental cash flows. Below-market lease liabilities are amortized over the non-cancelable term of the leases.

Schedule of Impact of Amortization of Real Estate Related Intangible Liabilities on Statements of Operations

The amortization of real estate-related intangible liabilities had the following impact on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 ($ in thousands):

	Income Statement	For the Three Months Ended September 30,
Intangible liability	Location	2023		2022
Below-market lease liabilities (increase to income)	Operating lease income	$	209	$	209

	Income Statement	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
Intangible liability	Location	2023		2022
Below-market lease liabilities (increase to income)	Operating lease income	$	628	$	628

Future Minimum Ground Net Lease Payments

Future Minimum Operating Lease Payments—Future minimum lease payments to be collected under non-cancelable operating leases, excluding lease payments that are not fixed and determinable, in effect as of September 30, 2023, are as follows by year ($ in thousands):

			Fixed Bumps						Fixed
			with						Bumps with
	Inflation-		Inflation		Fixed		Percentage		Percentage
Year	Linked		Adjustments		Bumps		Rent		Rent		Total
2023 (remaining three months)	$	1,453	$	4,363	$	559	$	2,755	$	105	$	9,235
2024		5,811		17,677		2,247		11,018		421		37,174
2025		5,811		18,004		2,313		11,018		421		37,567
2026		5,811		18,370		2,357		986		421		27,945
2027		5,811		18,755		2,388		986		421		28,361
Thereafter		435,056		4,308,109		433,110		15,826		304		5,192,405

(1) During the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized $0.2 million and $0.2 million, respectively, of percentage rent in “Operating lease income” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized $4.2 million and $1.1 million, respectively, of percentage rent in “Operating lease income” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

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Equity Investments (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Investments, All Other Investments [Abstract]

Schedule of Equity Investments

The Company’s equity investments and its proportionate share of earnings (losses) from equity investments were as follows ($ in thousands):

					Earnings from				Earnings from
	Carrying Value				Equity Method Investments				Equity Method Investments(1)
	as of				For the Three Months Ended				For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,		December 31,		September 30,				September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022		2023		2022
Equity investment
425 Park Avenue	$	134,762	$	133,118	$	938	$	863	$	2,645	$	2,540
32 Old Slip		51,145		47,270		1,406		1,381		4,253		4,232
Ground Lease Plus Fund(1)		61,308		—		1,825		—		3,513		—
Leasehold Loan Fund(2)		39,903		—		3,282		—		6,109		—
Total	$	287,118	$	180,388	$	7,451	$	2,244	$	16,520	$	6,772

(1) As of September 30, 2023, the Company has a basis difference of $20.2 million in the Ground Lease Plus Fund that will be amortized over a weighted average remaining term of 100.6 years using the effective interest method. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, $0.8 million and $1.6 million, respectively, of the basis difference was amortized as an increase to earnings from equity method investments.

(2) As of September 30, 2023, the Company has a basis difference of $12.3 million in the Leasehold Loan Fund that will be amortized over a weighted average remaining term of 3.3 years using the effective interest method. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, $1.0 million and $2.0 million, respectively, of the basis difference was amortized as an increase to earnings from equity method investments.

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Deferred Expenses and Other Assets, Net and Accounts Payable, Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Schedule of Deferred Expenses and Other Assets, Net

Deferred expenses and other assets, net, consist of the following items ($ in thousands):

	As of
	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Operating lease right-of-use asset(1)	$	34,981	$	26,312
Interest rate hedge assets		92,616		29,346
Deferred finance costs, net(2)		5,031		4,461
Other assets(3)		15,619		2,664
Purchase deposits		3,373		4,333
Leasing costs, net		441		448
Corporate furniture, fixtures and equipment, net		1,078		—
Deferred expenses and other assets, net	$	153,139	$	67,564

(1) Operating lease right-of-use asset relates primarily to a property that is majority-owned by a third party and is ground leased to the Company. The Company is obligated to pay the owner of the property $0.5 million, subject to adjustment for changes in the CPI, per year through 2044; however, the Company’s Ground Lease tenant at the property pays this expense directly under the terms of a master lease. Operating lease right-of-use asset is amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease and is recorded in “Real estate expense” in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. During both the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized $0.1 million in “Real estate expense” and $0.1 million in “Other income” from its operating lease right-of-use asset. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized $0.4 million and $0.3 million, respectively, in “Real estate expense” and $0.4 million and $0.3 million, respectively, in “Other income” from its operating lease right-of-use asset. The related operating lease liability (see table below) equals the present value of the minimum rental payments due under the lease discounted at the Company’s incremental secured borrowing rate for a similar asset estimated to be 5.5%. The Company also has operating leases for office space that it assumed from iStar in connection with the Merger (refer to Note 9).

(2) Accumulated amortization of deferred finance costs was $9.7 million and $5.7 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

(3) As of September 30, 2023, includes $6.9 million of management fees due from Star Holdings. Through September 30, 2023, the Company has earned $13.2 million of management fees from Star Holdings and as of September 30, 2023, $36.8 million of the transaction price is attributable to performance obligations that remain unsatisfied.

Schedule of Accounts Payable, Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities

Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities consist of the following items ($ in thousands):

	As of
	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Interest payable	$	63,232	$	55,459
Other liabilities(1)		14,671		17,639
Dividends declared and payable		12,907		11,067
Operating lease liability(2)		17,047		5,471
Management fee payable		—		5,301
Accrued expenses(3)		15,129		5,420
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	$	122,986	$	100,357

(1) As of December 31, 2022, other liabilities include $3.1 million due to the Former Manager for allocated payroll costs and costs it paid on the Company’s behalf.

(2) Refer to Note 9.

(3) As of September 30, 2023, accrued expenses includes accrued compensation, legal, audit and property expenses. As of December 31, 2022, accrued expenses includes accrued legal, audit and property expenses.

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Debt Obligations, net (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Debt Obligations

The Company’s outstanding debt obligations consist of the following ($ in thousands):

	As of				Interest		Scheduled
	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022		Rate(1)		Maturity Date(2)
Secured credit financing:
Mortgages	$	1,498,113	$	1,498,113	3.99	%	April 2027 to November 2069
Total secured credit financing(3)		1,498,113		1,498,113
Unsecured financing:
2.80% senior notes		400,000		400,000	2.80	%	June 2031
2.85% senior notes		350,000		350,000	2.85	%	January 2032
3.98% senior notes		475,000		475,000	3.98	%	February 2052
5.15% senior notes		154,001		151,988	5.15	%	May 2052
2021 Unsecured Revolver		1,003,000		690,000	Adjusted SOFR plus 0.90	%	March 2026
2023 Unsecured Revolver		—		—	Adjusted SOFR plus 0.90	%	July 2025
Trust preferred securities		100,000		—	Adjusted SOFR plus 1.50	%	October 2035
Total unsecured financing		2,482,001		2,066,988
Total debt obligations		3,980,114		3,565,101
Debt premium, discount and deferred financing costs, net		(42,287)		(43,742)
Total debt obligations, net	$	3,937,827	$	3,521,359

(1) For mortgages, represents the weighted average stated interest rate over the term of the debt from funding through maturity based on the contractual payments owed excluding the effect of debt premium, discount and deferred financing costs. As of September 30, 2023, the weighted average cash interest rate for the Company’s consolidated mortgage debt, based on interest rates in effect at that date, was 3.30%. The difference between the weighted average interest rate and the weighted average cash interest rate is recorded to interest payable within “Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. As of September 30, 2023, the Company’s combined weighted average stated interest rate and combined weighted average cash interest rate of the Company’s consolidated mortgage debt, the mortgage debt of the Company’s unconsolidated ventures (applying the Company’s percentage interest in the ventures - refer to Note 6), unsecured senior notes and trust preferred securities were 3.85% and 3.32%, respectively. In October 2023, the Company’s interest rates on the 2021 Unsecured Revolver and the 2023 Unsecured Revolver decreased to Adjusted SOFR plus 0.90% as a result of a credit ratings upgrade.

(2) Represents the extended maturity date for all debt obligations.

(3) As of September 30, 2023, $2.0 billion of real estate, at cost, net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Lease receivables served as collateral for the Company’s debt obligations.

Schedule of Maturities of Long-term Debt

Future Scheduled Maturities—As of September 30, 2023, future scheduled maturities of outstanding debt obligations, assuming all extensions that can be exercised at the Company’s option, are as follows ($ in thousands):

	Secured(1)		Unsecured		Total
2023 (remaining three months)	$	—	$	—	$	—
2024		—		—		—
2025		—		—		—
2026		—		1,003,000		1,003,000
2027		237,000		—		237,000
Thereafter		1,261,113		1,479,001		2,740,114
Total principal maturities		1,498,113		2,482,001		3,980,114
Debt premium, discount and deferred financing costs, net		(26,580)		(15,707)		(42,287)
Total debt obligations, net	$	1,471,533	$	2,466,294	$	3,937,827

(1) As of September 30, 2023, the Company’s weighted average maturity for its secured mortgages was 27.8 years.

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Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Future Minimum Lease Obligations Under Non-cancelable Operating Leases

Lease Commitments—Future minimum lease obligations under non-cancelable operating leases as of September 30, 2023 are as follows ($ in thousands):⁽¹⁾

2023 (remaining three months)	$	1,422
2024		5,692
2025		5,680
2026		—
2027		—
Thereafter		—
Total undiscounted cash flows		12,794
Present value discount(1)		(1,112)
Other adjustments(2)		5,365
Lease liabilities	$	17,047

(1) The lease liability equals the present value of the minimum rental payments due under the lease discounted at the rate implicit in the lease or the Company’s incremental secured borrowing rate for similar collateral. For operating leases, lease liabilities were discounted at the Company’s weighted average incremental secured borrowing rate for similar collateral estimated to be 5.8% and the weighted average remaining lease term is 2.9 years. The Company assumed its operating leases from iStar in connection with the Merger and therefore did not directly make any payments under its operating leases for the three months ended March 31, 2023 or the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company made payments of $1.4 million and $2.9 million, respectively, related to its operating leases.

(2) Other adjustments relates to a property that is majority-owned by a third party and is ground leased to the Company. The Company is obligated to pay the owner of the property $0.5 million, subject to adjustment for changes in the CPI, per year through 2044; however, the Company’s Ground Lease tenant at the property pays this expense directly under the terms of a master lease.

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Risk Management and Derivatives (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Risks and Uncertainties [Abstract]

Derivative Financial Instruments Designated in Hedging Relationships

The table below presents the Company’s derivatives as well as their classification on the consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 ($ in thousands):⁽¹⁾

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
	Fair		Fair		Balance Sheet
Derivative Type	Value(2)		Value(2)		Location
Assets
Interest rate swaps	$	92,616	$	29,346	Deferred expenses and other assets, net
Total	$	92,616	$	29,346

(1) Over the next 12 months, the Company expects that $5.8 million related to cash flow hedges will be reclassified from “Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)” as a decrease to interest expense.

(2) The fair value of the Company’s derivatives is estimated using valuation techniques utilized by a third-party specialist using observable inputs such as interest rates and contractual cash flow and are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy.

Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)

The table below presents the effect of the Company’s derivative financial instruments in the consolidated statements of operations and the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the three and months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 ($ in thousands):

				Amount of Gain
		Amount of Gain		(Loss) Reclassified
		(Loss) Recognized		from Accumulated
		in Accumulated		Other
	Location of Gain (Loss)	Other		Comprehensive
	When Recognized in	Comprehensive		Income into
Derivatives Designated in Hedging Relationships	Income	Income		Earnings
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Interest rate swaps	Interest expense	$	53,834	$	1,494
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
Interest rate swaps	Interest expense	$	18,587	$	(943)
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Interest rate swaps	Interest expense	$	59,632	$	1,454
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Interest rate swaps	Interest expense	$	29,615	$	(2,945)

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Earnings Per Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Earnings Per Share

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net income (loss)	$	(122,846)	$	75,391	$	(96,019)	$	123,009
Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests		(123)		(9,314)		(138)		(9,381)
Net income (loss) attributable to Safehold Inc. common shareholders for basic and diluted earnings per common share	$	(122,969)	$	66,077	$	(96,157)	$	113,628

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Earnings attributable to common shares:
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per share:
Net income (loss) attributable to Safehold Inc. common shareholders - basic	$	(122,969)	$	66,077	$	(96,157)	$	113,628
Net income (loss) attributable to Safehold Inc. common shareholders - diluted	$	(122,969)	$	66,077	$	(96,157)	$	113,628
Denominator for basic and diluted earnings per share:(1)
Weighted average common shares outstanding for basic earnings per common share		67,979		63,393		65,214		61,991
Weighted average common shares outstanding for diluted earnings per common share		67,979		63,393		65,214		61,991
Basic and diluted earnings per common share:(1)
Net income (loss) attributable to Safehold Inc. common shareholders - basic	$	(1.81)	$	1.04	$	(1.47)	$	1.83
Net income (loss) attributable to Safehold Inc. common shareholders - diluted	$	(1.81)	$	1.04	$	(1.47)	$	1.83

(1) For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the effect of certain of the Company’s restricted stock awards were antidilutive due to the Company having a net loss for the period. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, weighted average shares outstanding and earnings per share have been recast in accordance with ASC 805 to reflect the exchange ratio used in the reverse acquisition.

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Related Party Transactions (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Schedule of Terms of Related Party Transactions

A summary of the terms of the management agreement with iStar prior to the Merger is below:

Manager	SFTY Manager, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of iStar Inc.
Management Fee	Annual fee of 1.00% of total equity (up to $1.5 billion) Annual fee of 1.25% of total equity (for incremental equity of $1.5 billion to $3.0 billion) Annual fee of 1.375% of total equity (for incremental equity of $3.0 billion to $5.0 billion) and Annual fee of 1.5% of total equity (for incremental equity over $5.0 billion)
Management Fee Consideration	At the discretion of the Company’s independent directors, payment will be made in cash or in shares of the Company’s common stock (valued at the greater of: (i) the volume weighted average market price during a specified pricing period; or (ii) the initial public offering price of $20.00 per share)
Lock-up	Restriction from selling common stock received for management fees for two years from the date of such issuance (restriction will terminate in the event of and effective with the termination of the management agreement)
Incentive Fee	None
Term	Non-terminable through June 30, 2023, except for cause. Automatic annual renewals thereafter, subject to non-renewal upon certain findings by the Company’s independent directors and payment of termination fee.
Termination Fee	3x prior year’s management fee

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Business and Organization (Details)	6 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023 segment	Mar. 31, 2023 employee
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Number of reportable segments | segment		1
Minimum
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Ground leases term		30 years
Ground lease investment initial targeted value of ground lease of combined value		30.00%
Ground lease, ratio of property net operating income to ground lease payments due		2.0
Percentage cap for Ground Lease rent increases based on consumer price index		3.00%
Maximum
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Ground leases term		99 years
Ground lease investment initial targeted value of ground lease of combined value		45.00%
Ground lease, ratio of property net operating income to ground lease payments due		4.5
Percentage cap for Ground Lease rent increases based on consumer price index		3.50%
Safehold, Inc. (Old SAFE)
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Number of employees | employee			0
Portfolio Holdings | Caret Ventures
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Ownership interest (percent)	100.00%

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Business and Organization - Merger Transactions (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions			1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) director shares	Aug. 10, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Feb. 28, 2022 USD ($) shares	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) shares
Merger
Number of directors from Old SAFE entity on new post-merger board | director	3
Number of directors from iStar entity on new post-merger board | director	2
Number of management members from both Old SAFE and iStar entities on new post-merger board | director	2
Caret Units
Merger
Number of shares to be sold under purchase commitment related to merger | shares			28,571
Expected proceeds from sale of shares under purchase commitment related to merger			$ 5.0
MSD Partners | Caret Units
Merger
Number of shares to be sold under purchase commitment related to merger | shares		100,000
Expected proceeds from sale of shares under purchase commitment related to merger		$ 20.0
Purchase price adjustment credit on the sale of shares	$ 0.6
Star Holdings
Merger
Stated interest on term loan	8.00%			8.00%
Term on loan	4 years
Principal amount of term loan	$ 115.0			$ 115.0
Star Holdings | Affiliated entity
Merger
Term on loan	4 years
Annual management fee - Year 1				25.0
Annual management fee - Year 2				15.0
Annual management fee - Year 3				10.0
Annual management fee - Year 4				$ 5.0
Annual management fee percent of gross book value, year five and thereafter				2.00%
Star Holdings
Merger
Cash received in spin off transaction	$ 50.0			$ 50.0
Shares in Old SAFE received in spin off transaction | shares	13,500,000			13,500,000
Star Holdings | Morgan Stanley Bank
Merger
Bank debt	$ 140.0			$ 140.0
Number of SAFE shares pledged as security on bank debt | shares	13,500,000			13,500,000
Star Holdings | Adjusted SOFR | Morgan Stanley Bank
Merger
Basis point spread on variable interest rate (percent)	3.00%
Star Holdings | Spinco Manager | Affiliated entity
Merger
Annual management fee - Year 1	$ 25.0			$ 25.0
Annual management fee - Year 2	15.0			15.0
Annual management fee - Year 3	10.0			10.0
Annual management fee - Year 4	$ 5.0			$ 5.0
Annual management fee percent of gross book value, year five and thereafter	2.00%			2.00%
iStar Inc. | MSD Partners
Merger
Number of shares to be sold under purchase commitment related to merger | shares		5,405,406		5,405,406
Expected proceeds from sale of shares under purchase commitment related to merger		$ 200.0
Sale of stock, share price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares		$ 37.00

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Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation and Combination (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Assets	[1]	$ 6,443,191	$ 5,850,922
Liabilities	[1]	4,124,776	$ 3,686,307
Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Assets		73,200
Liabilities		$ 30,000

[1] Refer to Note 2 for details on the Company’s consolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”).

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Fair Value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Sep. 30, 2023		Dec. 31, 2022		Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Assets
Net investment in sales-type leases		$ 3,182,592		$ 3,106,599		$ 3,066,113	$ 2,412,716
Ground Lease receivables		1,563,670	[1]	1,374,716	[1]	1,326,632	$ 796,252
Loan receivable, net	[1]	112,088
Cash and cash equivalents		11,483	[1]	20,066	[1]	35,574
Restricted cash		27,978	[1]	28,324	[1]	$ 58,001
Liabilities
Debt obligations, net	[1]	3,937,827		3,521,359
Carrying Value
Assets
Net investment in sales-type leases		3,183,000		3,107,000
Ground Lease receivables		1,564,000		1,375,000
Loan receivable, net		112,000
Cash and cash equivalents		11,000		20,000
Restricted cash		28,000		28,000
Liabilities
Debt obligations, net		3,938,000		3,521,000
Carrying Value | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1
Liabilities
Debt obligations, net		739,000		738,000
Carrying Value | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3
Liabilities
Debt obligations, net		3,199,000		2,783,000
Fair Value
Liabilities
Debt obligations, net		3,122,000		2,931,000
Fair Value | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents		11,000		20,000
Restricted cash		28,000		28,000
Liabilities
Debt obligations, net		558,000		573,000
Fair Value | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3
Assets
Net investment in sales-type leases		3,073,000		3,236,000
Ground Lease receivables		1,574,000		1,501,000
Loan receivable, net		114,000
Liabilities
Debt obligations, net		$ 2,564,000		$ 2,358,000

[1] Refer to Note 2 for details on the Company’s consolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”).

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests (Details) $ in Thousands		1 Months Ended
		Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Feb. 28, 2022 USD ($) director shares	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests		$ 700
Retained earnings	[1]			$ 19,124	$ 151,226
Caret Units
Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items]
Number of units sold | shares			108,571
Number of shares to be sold under purchase commitment related to merger | shares			28,571
Proceeds from stock transaction			$ 19,000
Expected proceeds from sale of shares under purchase commitment			$ 5,000
Number of independent directors affiliated with an existing shareholder investing in redeemable noncontrolling interest | director			1
Period in which the entity is obligated to provide a public market listing			2 years

[1] Refer to Note 2 for details on the Company’s consolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”).

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Narrative) (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 item	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) item $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) item	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) item	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) item	Jan. 01, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Stock-based compensation
Aggregate grant date fair value of awards granted during period		$ 25,000
Per share grant date fair value of awards granted during period | $ / shares		$ 28.89
Award vesting period		4 years
Income taxes
Number of Taxable REIT Subsidiaries | item			2		2
Current income tax expense					$ 1,400
Deferred income tax expense					900
Franchise and other state and local income taxes					$ 100
Loan receivable
Financing Receivable, Practical Expedient, Accrued Interest Exclusion			true		true
Allowance for credit losses
Amount of allowance for credit losses on ground lease receivables			$ 375		$ 375
Goodwill
Impairment of goodwill			145,365		145,365
Carrying value of reporting unit			2,400,000		2,400,000
Deferred expenses and other assets, net
Loan receivable
Accrued interest on loans receivable			$ 26		26
Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment | Accounting Standards Update 2016-13
Allowance for credit losses
Amount of allowance for credit losses on net investment in sales-type leases						$ 400	$ 400
Amount of allowance for credit losses on ground lease receivables						$ 200	$ 200
Star Holdings
Loan receivable
Term on loan	4 years
Star Holdings | Affiliated entity
Loan receivable
Term on loan	4 years
Management fees
Annual management fee - Year 1				$ 25,000
Annual management fee - Year 2				15,000
Annual management fee - Year 3				10,000
Annual management fee - Year 4				$ 5,000
Annual management fee percent of gross book value, year five and thereafter				2.00%
Management agreement initial term				3 years
Total transaction price of management fee contract				$ 50,000
iStar Merger
Equity investments
Number of equity investments acquired | item	2	2		2
Goodwill
Impairment of goodwill					$ 145,365

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Merger (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended	15 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Purchase consideration
Cash consideration paid by the Company to iStar				$ 88,685
Impairment of goodwill		$ 145,365		145,365
Purchase price allocation
Deferred tax asset, net		7,173		7,173	$ 7,173
Operating lease, right-of-use asset		$ 34,981		$ 34,981	$ 34,981	$ 26,312
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]		Deferred Costs and Other Assets		Deferred Costs and Other Assets	Deferred Costs and Other Assets	Deferred Costs and Other Assets
Office furniture and equipment		$ 1,078		$ 1,078	$ 1,078
Operating lease liability		$ 17,047		$ 17,047	$ 17,047	$ 5,471
Operating Lease, Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]		Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities		Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities
Secured term loan facility
Purchase consideration
Provision for credit losses				$ 2,300
iStar Merger
Purchase consideration
Total Company shares as purchase price | shares	1,195,034
Stock price of the Company's common stock | $ / shares	$ 29.78
Fair value of the Company's stock transferred	$ 35,588
Cash consideration paid by the Company to iStar	88,685
Purchase consideration	$ 124,273
Shares issued as settled for iStar preexisting investment in the Company which are excluded from purchase consideration | shares	12,700,000
Merger expenses				18,900	$ 26,600
Merger related nonrecurring charges				3,000
Impairment of goodwill				145,365
Purchase price allocation
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 3,213
Real estate	1,508
Equity investments	61,247
Deferred tax asset, net	6,292		$ 6,300
Deferred expenses and other assets	31,922
Total assets acquired	104,182
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	(25,279)
Debt obligations, net	(99,995)
Total liabilities assumed	(125,274)
Net identifiable liabilities acquired	(21,092)
Goodwill	145,365
Operating lease, right-of-use asset	$ 11,000
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Deferred Costs and Other Assets
Prepaid expenses	$ 4,700
Operating lease liability	$ 14,200
Operating Lease, Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities
Obligations assumed which are directly offset by corresponding equivalent cash and receivable assets acquired sufficient to settle such obligations.	$ 8,700
Deferred tax assets valuation allowance			2,800
Reduction in goodwill			$ 6,300
iStar Merger | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3
Purchase price allocation
Equity Securities, FV-NI, Measurement Input [Extensible Enumeration]	Measurement Input, Discount Rate
Debt Instrument, Measurement Input	6.7
Debt Instrument, Measurement Input [Extensible Enumeration]	Measurement Input, Discount Rate
iStar Merger | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 | Measurement Input, Discount Rate | Minimum
Purchase price allocation
Equity Securities, FV-NI, Measurement Input	0.072
iStar Merger | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 | Measurement Input, Discount Rate | Maximum
Purchase price allocation
Equity Securities, FV-NI, Measurement Input	0.139
iStar Merger | Deferred expenses and other assets
Purchase price allocation
In-place prepaid contracts	$ 2,100
Office furniture and equipment	1,300
Other receivables	6,300
iStar Merger | Other expense
Purchase consideration
Merger expenses		$ 100		14,100
Merger related nonrecurring charges				900
iStar Merger | General and Administrative Expense
Purchase consideration
Merger expenses				4,800
iStar Merger | Preliminary Purchase Price Allocation
Purchase consideration
Purchase consideration	124,273
Purchase price allocation
Cash and cash equivalents	3,213
Real estate	1,508
Equity investments	61,247
Deferred expenses and other assets	25,442
Total assets acquired	91,410
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	(22,939)
Debt obligations, net	(99,995)
Total liabilities assumed	(122,934)
Net identifiable liabilities acquired	(31,524)
Goodwill	155,797
iStar Merger | Measurement Period Adjustment
Purchase price allocation
Deferred tax asset, net	6,292
Deferred expenses and other assets	6,480	6,500		6,500	6,500
Total assets acquired	12,772
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	(2,340)	$ (2,300)		$ (2,300)	$ (2,300)
Total liabilities assumed	(2,340)
Net identifiable liabilities acquired	10,432
Goodwill	$ (10,432)

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Goodwill Rollforward (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Goodwill
Impairment	$ (145,365)	$ (145,365)
iStar Merger
Goodwill
Goodwill recognized at Merger		155,797
Reduction to goodwill resulting from measurement period adjustments		(10,432)
Impairment		$ (145,365)

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Merger Pro Forma (Details) - iStar Merger - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Pro forma information
Pro forma revenues	$ 85,561	$ 84,388		$ 268,478	$ 229,608
Pro forma net income (loss)	$ (122,846)	45,214		$ (66,412)	(118,086)
Pro forma merger expenses					47,700
Pro forma extinguishment of debt		$ 13,200			171,900
iStar Inc.
Pro forma information
Pro forma revenues			$ 100
Pro forma net income (loss)			$ 6,000
Pro forma merger expenses					$ 20,300

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Net Investment in Sales-type Leases, Ground Lease Receivables and Loans Receivable, net - Related Party (Lease Assignment and Modification) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Jul. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Reclassification [Line Items]
Ground lease acquisition purchase price					$ 170,194	$ 515,618
Net proceeds from sale of net investment in lease	$ 136,000
Gain on sale of net investment in lease	55,800			$ 55,811		55,811
Net gain attributable to noncontrolling interests	9,500		$ 123	$ 9,314	$ 138	$ 9,381
Net gain attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests	$ 700
iStar Inc.
Reclassification [Line Items]
Ground lease acquisition purchase price		$ 36,400

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Net Investment in Sales-type Leases, Ground Lease Receivables and Loans Receivable, net - Related Party (Joint Venture) (Details) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	May 31, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) lease	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Joint venture
Ground lease acquisition purchase price		$ 170,194	$ 515,618
Sovereign wealth fund | Joint venture for new acquisitions of Ground Leases
Joint venture
Ownership percentage	45.00%
Joint Venture for New Acquisitions of Ground Leases
Joint venture
Joint venture commitments	$ 275,000
Controlling interest in joint venture	55.00%
Percent of Promote fee		15.00%
Internal Rate of Return		9.00%
Promote fee cap percent		1.275
First look rights period on qualifying investments		18 months
Number of Ground Leases acquired | lease		2
Ground lease acquisition purchase price		$ 38,500
Funded amount of Ground Lease acquisition		$ 14,500
Joint Venture for New Acquisitions of Ground Leases | First five year following acquisition
Joint venture
Percent of management fee		0.25%
Management fee term		5 years
Joint Venture for New Acquisitions of Ground Leases | After five years of acquisition
Joint venture
Percent of management fee		0.15%
Joint Venture for New Acquisitions of Ground Leases | Sovereign wealth fund
Joint venture
Joint venture commitments	$ 225,000

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Net Investment in Sales-type Leases, Ground Lease Receivables and Loans Receivable, net - Related Party (Schedule of Net Investment in Sales-type Leases) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Lessor, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Total undiscounted cash flows	$ 29,715,761	$ 29,586,227
Unguaranteed estimated residual value	2,915,013	2,900,218
Present value discount	(29,447,714)	(29,379,846)
Allowance for credit losses	(468)	0
Net investment in sales-type leases	3,182,592	3,106,599	$ 3,066,113	$ 2,412,716
Total discounted cash flows	3,153,000	3,077,000
Discounted unguaranteed estimated residual value	30,100	$ 29,100
Noncontrolling Interests
Lessor, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Net investment in sales-type leases	$ 6,500

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Net Investment in Sales-type Leases, Ground Lease Receivables and Loans Receivable, net - Related Party (Schedule of Net Investment in Leases (Details) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) lease		Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Net Investment in Sales-type Leases
Net Investment in Sales-type Leases, Beginning Balance	$ 3,106,599		$ 2,412,716
Net Investment in Sales-type Leases, Sales			(76,701)
Net Investment in Sales-type Leases, Origination/acquisition/fundings	33,400		691,305
Net Investment in Sales-type Leases, Accretion	43,061		38,793
Net Investment in Sales-type Leases, Provision for credit losses	(117)
Net Investment in Sales-type Leases, Ending Balance	3,182,592		3,066,113
Ground Lease Receivables
Ground Lease Receivables, Beginning balance	1,374,716	[1]	796,252
Ground Lease Receivables, Origination/acquisition/fundings	170,194		515,618
Ground Lease Receivables, Accretion	19,078		14,762
Ground Lease Receivables, Provision for credit losses	(119)
Ground Lease Receivables, Ending balance	1,563,670	[1]	1,326,632
Total
Beginning balance	4,481,315		3,208,968
Sales			(76,701)
Origination/acquisition/fundings	203,594		1,206,923
Accretion	62,139		53,555
Provision for credit losses	(236)
Ending balance	$ 4,746,262		$ 4,392,745
Weighted average accrual rate for net investment in sales-type leases	5.10%
Weighted average accrual rate for net investment in ground lease receivables	5.40%
Ground lease receivables | lease	35
Weighted Average
Total
Ground leases term	98 years 3 months 18 days
Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment
Net Investment in Sales-type Leases
Net Investment in Sales-type Leases, Beginning Balance	$ (351)
Ground Lease Receivables
Ground Lease Receivables, Beginning balance	(199)
Total
Beginning balance	$ (550)

[1] Refer to Note 2 for details on the Company’s consolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”).

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Net Investment in Sales-type Leases, Ground Lease Receivables and Loans Receivable, net - Related Party - Schedule of allowance for credit losses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Jan. 01, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Net Investment in Sales-type Leases
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period		$ 0
Allowance for credit losses, including unfunded commitments, at beginning of period	$ 337
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses	132	112
Allowance for credit losses at end of period	468	468
Allowance for credit losses, including unfunded commitments, at end of period	469	469
Ground lease receivables
Allowance for credit losses, including unfunded commitments, at beginning of period	281
(Recovery of) provision for credit losses	94	92
Allowance for credit losses, including unfunded commitments, at end of period	375	375
Amount of allowance for credit losses on ground lease receivables	375	375
Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment | Accounting Standards Update 2016-13
Net Investment in Sales-type Leases
Allowance for credit losses, including unfunded commitments, at beginning of period		357
Ground lease receivables
Allowance for credit losses, including unfunded commitments, at beginning of period		283
Amount of allowance for credit losses on net investment in sales-type leases			$ 400	$ 400
Amount of allowance for credit losses on ground lease receivables			200	$ 200
Stabilized properties
Net Investment in Sales-type Leases
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period	259
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses	110	89
Allowance for credit losses at end of period	369	369
Ground lease receivables
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period	94
(Recovery of) provision for credit losses	40	32
Allowance for credit losses at end of period	134	134
Amount of allowance for credit losses on net investment in sales-type leases	134	134
Stabilized properties | Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment | Accounting Standards Update 2016-13
Net Investment in Sales-type Leases
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period		280
Ground lease receivables
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period		102
Development properties
Net Investment in Sales-type Leases
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period	77
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses	22	28
Allowance for credit losses at end of period	99	99
Ground lease receivables
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period	127
(Recovery of) provision for credit losses	57	87
Allowance for credit losses at end of period	184	184
Amount of allowance for credit losses on net investment in sales-type leases	184	184
Development properties | Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment | Accounting Standards Update 2016-13
Net Investment in Sales-type Leases
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period		71
Ground lease receivables
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period		97
Unfunded commitments
Net Investment in Sales-type Leases
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period	1
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses	0	(5)
Allowance for credit losses at end of period	1	1
Ground lease receivables
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period	60
(Recovery of) provision for credit losses	(3)	(27)
Allowance for credit losses at end of period	57	57
Amount of allowance for credit losses on net investment in sales-type leases	$ 57	57
Unfunded commitments | Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment | Accounting Standards Update 2016-13
Net Investment in Sales-type Leases
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period		6
Ground lease receivables
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period		$ 84
Unfunded commitments | Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment | Accounting Standards Update 2016-13 | Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities
Ground lease receivables
Expected credit losses			$ 100

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Net Investment in Sales-type Leases, Ground Lease Receivables and Loans Receivable, net - Related Party - Ground lease receivable by year of origination (Details) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Lessor, Lease, Description [Line Items]
2023	$ 19,005
2022	640,820
2021	276,334
2020	179,914
2019	447,915
Total	1,563,988
Stabilized properties
Lessor, Lease, Description [Line Items]
2023	19,004
2022	295,600
2021	133,296
2020	179,914
2019	447,915
Total	1,075,729
Development properties
Lessor, Lease, Description [Line Items]
2023	1
2022	345,220
2021	143,038
Total	$ 488,259

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Net Investment in Sales-type Leases, Ground Lease Receivables and Loans Receivable, net - Related Party (Fiscal Year Maturity) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
2023 (remaining three months)	$ 25,442
2024	104,481
2025	106,476
2026	108,464
2027	110,400
Thereafter	29,260,498
Total undiscounted cash flows	29,715,761	$ 29,586,227
Fixed Bumps with Inflation Adjustments
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
2023 (remaining three months)	24,735
2024	101,639
2025	103,607
2026	105,567
2027	107,475
Thereafter	28,577,374
Total undiscounted cash flows	29,020,397
Fixed Bumps
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
2023 (remaining three months)	561
2024	2,256
2025	2,283
2026	2,311
2027	2,339
Thereafter	583,455
Total undiscounted cash flows	593,205
Fixed Bumps with Percentage Rent
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
2023 (remaining three months)	146
2024	586
2025	586
2026	586
2027	586
Thereafter	99,669
Total undiscounted cash flows	$ 102,159

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Net Investment in Sales-type Leases, Ground Lease Receivables and Loans Receivable, net - Related Party (Interest Income) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
		Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Lessor, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Interest income from sales-type leases	[1]	$ 59,130	$ 54,736	$ 174,350	$ 146,014
Cash
Lessor, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Interest income from sales-type leases		38,076	34,841	112,211	92,459
Non-cash
Lessor, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Interest income from sales-type leases		21,054	19,895	62,139	53,555
Net Investment in Sales-type Leases
Lessor, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Interest income from sales-type leases		39,791	38,364	118,416	104,810
Net Investment in Sales-type Leases | Cash
Lessor, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Interest income from sales-type leases		25,309	24,256	75,355	66,017
Net Investment in Sales-type Leases | Non-cash
Lessor, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Interest income from sales-type leases		14,482	14,108	43,061	38,793
Ground Lease Receivables
Lessor, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Interest income from sales-type leases		19,339	16,372	55,934	41,204
Ground Lease Receivables | Cash
Lessor, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Interest income from sales-type leases		12,767	10,585	36,856	26,442
Ground Lease Receivables | Non-cash
Lessor, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Interest income from sales-type leases		$ 6,572	$ 5,787	$ 19,078	$ 14,762

[1] For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded $2.1 million of “Interest income from sales-type leases” in its consolidated statements of operations from Ground Leases with iStar Inc. (“iStar”).

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Net Investment in Sales-type Leases, Ground Lease Receivables and Loans Receivable, net - Related Party - Loans receivable (Details) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
		Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) D	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Loans receivable, related party
Interest income - related party	[1]	$ 2,381	$ 4,762
Related party | Star Holdings
Loans receivable, related party
Principal amount		115,000	115,000
Interest income - related party		2,400	4,800
Carrying value		112,100	$ 112,100
Loan repayment period | D			5
Related party | Star Holdings | Maximum
Loans receivable, related party
Principal amount				$ 25,000
Star holding term loan facility | Related party | Star Holdings
Loans receivable, related party
Fixed interest rate			8.00%
Excess unrestricted cash applied for loan repayment			$ 50,000
Star holding term loan facility | Related party | Star Holdings | Maximum
Loans receivable, related party
Fixed interest rate			10.00%
Secured term loan facility
Loans receivable, related party
Provision for credit losses			$ 2,300
Secured term loan facility | Related party | Star Holdings
Loans receivable, related party
Principal amount				$ 115,000
Provision for credit losses		$ 100	$ 2,400

[1] Refer to Note 3.

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Real Estate, Real Estate-Related Intangibles and Real Estate Available and Held for Sale (Real Estate Assets) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
		Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Real Estate [Abstract]
Land and land improvements, at cost		$ 551,339	$ 551,339	$ 547,739
Buildings and improvements, at cost		193,232	193,232	193,232
Less: accumulated depreciation	[1]	(38,892)	(38,892)	(34,371)
Real estate, net	[1]	705,679	705,679	706,600
Real estate-related intangible assets, net	[1]	212,771	212,771	217,795
Real estate available and held for sale		7,216	7,216
Total real estate, net, real estate-related intangible assets, net and real estate available and held for sale	[1]	925,666	925,666	$ 924,395
Sale of real estate held for sale		1,500	1,500
Gain on sale of real estate available and held for sale.		$ 100	$ 100

[1] Refer to Note 2 for details on the Company’s consolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”).

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Real Estate, Real Estate-Related Intangibles and Real Estate Available and Held for Sale (Intangibles) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
		Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Intangible		$ 252,097		$ 252,097		$ 252,097
Accumulated Amortization		(39,326)		(39,326)		(34,302)
Carrying Value	[1]	212,771		212,771		217,795
Below-market lease liabilities - Gross Intangible		68,618		68,618		68,618
Below-market lease liabilities - Accumulated Amortization		(4,655)		(4,655)		(4,027)
Below-market lease liabilities - Carrying Value	[1]	63,963		63,963		64,591
Amortization of real estate related intangible liabilities				2,023	$ 2,022
Above-market lease assets, net
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Intangible		186,002		186,002		186,002
Accumulated Amortization		(17,605)		(17,605)		(15,254)
Carrying Value		168,397		168,397		170,748
Above-market lease assets, net | Operating Lease Income
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Amortization of real estate related intangible liabilities		784	$ 784	2,351	2,351
In-place lease assets, net
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Intangible		65,345		65,345		65,345
Accumulated Amortization		(21,678)		(21,678)		(19,011)
Carrying Value		43,667		43,667		46,334
In-place lease assets, net | Depreciation and amortization
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Amortization of real estate related intangible liabilities		889	898	2,667	2,688
Below-market lease | Operating Lease Income
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Amortization of real estate related intangible liabilities		209	209	628	628
Other intangible assets, net
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Intangible		750		750		750
Accumulated Amortization		(43)		(43)		(37)
Carrying Value		707		707		$ 713
Other intangible assets, net | Operating Lease Income
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Amortization of real estate related intangible liabilities		$ 2	$ 2	$ 6	$ 6

[1] Refer to Note 2 for details on the Company’s consolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”).

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Real Estate, Real Estate-Related Intangibles and Real Estate Available and Held for Sale (Intangible Asset Future Amortization Expense) (Details) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Real Estate [Abstract]
2023 (remaining three months)	$ 1,658
2024	6,634
2025	6,634
2026	3,725
2027	$ 3,725
Weighted average useful life	80 years 3 months 18 days

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Real Estate, Real Estate-Related Intangibles and Real Estate Available and Held for Sale (Future Minimum Ground Net Lease Payments) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Future Minimum Ground Net Lease Payments to be Collected
2023 (remaining three months)	$ 9,235		$ 9,235
2024	37,174		37,174
2025	37,567		37,567
2026	27,945		27,945
2027	28,361		28,361
Thereafter	5,192,405		5,192,405
Operating lease income	16,715	$ 16,507	54,366	$ 49,925
Inflation- Linked
Future Minimum Ground Net Lease Payments to be Collected
2023 (remaining three months)	1,453		1,453
2024	5,811		5,811
2025	5,811		5,811
2026	5,811		5,811
2027	5,811		5,811
Thereafter	435,056		435,056
Fixed Bumps with Inflation Adjustments
Future Minimum Ground Net Lease Payments to be Collected
2023 (remaining three months)	4,363		4,363
2024	17,677		17,677
2025	18,004		18,004
2026	18,370		18,370
2027	18,755		18,755
Thereafter	4,308,109		4,308,109
Fixed Bumps
Future Minimum Ground Net Lease Payments to be Collected
2023 (remaining three months)	559		559
2024	2,247		2,247
2025	2,313		2,313
2026	2,357		2,357
2027	2,388		2,388
Thereafter	433,110		433,110
Percentage Rent
Future Minimum Ground Net Lease Payments to be Collected
2023 (remaining three months)	2,755		2,755
2024	11,018		11,018
2025	11,018		11,018
2026	986		986
2027	986		986
Thereafter	15,826		15,826
Operating lease income	200	$ 200	4,200	$ 1,100
Fixed Bumps with Percentage Rent
Future Minimum Ground Net Lease Payments to be Collected
2023 (remaining three months)	105		105
2024	421		421
2025	421		421
2026	421		421
2027	421		421
Thereafter	$ 304		$ 304

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Equity Investments (Details) $ in Thousands		1 Months Ended			3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
		Jan. 31, 2022 USD ($) lease	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2021 agreement	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Feb. 28, 2022 USD ($)	Nov. 30, 2021 USD ($)
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Carrying value	[1]				$ 287,118		$ 287,118		$ 180,388
Earnings from equity method investments					7,451	$ 2,244	16,520	$ 6,772
iStar Inc.
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Value of land acquired												$ 33,300
Number of agreements entered into to acquire land and related Ground Lease | agreement				2
iStar Inc. | Ground Lease Plus Fund
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Gain (loss) from sale of Ground Lease		$ 500	$ 0
Number of Ground Leases sold | lease		2
425 Park Avenue | Equity Method Venture
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Carrying value					134,762		134,762		133,118
Earnings from equity method investments					$ 938	863	$ 2,645	2,540
Ownership percentage					54.80%		54.80%
32 Old Slip
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Carrying value					$ 51,145		$ 51,145		$ 47,270
Earnings from equity method investments					1,406	$ 1,381	4,253	$ 4,232
Ownership percentage				29.20%
Ground Lease Plus Fund
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Carrying value					61,308		61,308
Earnings from equity method investments					1,825		3,513
Basis difference in equity investment to be amortized					20,200		20,200
Amortization of basis difference in equity investments					$ 800		$ 1,600
Weighted average remaining term							100 years 7 months 6 days
Ownership percentage					53.00%		53.00%
Leasehold Loan Fund
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Carrying value					$ 39,903		$ 39,903
Earnings from equity method investments					3,282		6,109
Basis difference in equity investment to be amortized					12,300		12,300
Amortization of basis difference in equity investments					$ 1,000		$ 2,000
Weighted average remaining term							3 years 3 months 18 days
Ownership percentage					53.00%		53.00%
Leasehold Loan Fund | Life science property
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Commitment to provide loan to Ground lessee											$ 130,000
Leasehold Loan Fund | Mixed-use property
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Commitment to provide loan to Ground lessee										$ 105,000
Loan commitment to Ground lessee that has been funded										$ 39,500

[1] Refer to Note 2 for details on the Company’s consolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”).

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Deferred Expenses and Other Assets, Net and Accounts Payable, Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities (Schedule of Other Assets) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
		Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Deferred expenses and other assets
Operating lease, right-of-use asset		$ 34,981		$ 34,981		$ 26,312
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]		Deferred expenses and other assets, net		Deferred expenses and other assets, net		Deferred expenses and other assets, net
Interest rate hedge assets		$ 92,616		$ 92,616		$ 29,346
Deferred finance costs, net		5,031		5,031		4,461
Other assets		15,619		15,619		2,664
Purchase deposits		3,373		3,373		4,333
Leasing costs, net		441		441		448
Corporate furniture, fixtures and equipment, net		1,078		1,078
Deferred expenses and other assets, net	[1],[2]	$ 153,139		$ 153,139		67,564
Lease discount rate		5.50%		5.50%
Accumulated amortization of deferred finance costs		$ 9,700		$ 9,700		5,700
Below-market lease
Deferred expenses and other assets
Annual lease fee		500		500		$ 500
Real estate expense
Deferred expenses and other assets
Operating lease expense		100	$ 100	400	$ 300
Other Income
Deferred expenses and other assets
Operating lease expense		100	$ 100	400	$ 300
Related party
Deferred expenses and other assets
Deferred expenses and other assets, net		7,100		7,100
Affiliated entity | Star Holdings
Deferred expenses and other assets
Management fees due from Star Holdings		6,900		6,900
Management fees recorded		$ 6,000		13,200
Management fee performance obligations remaining				$ 36,800

[1] As of September 30, 2023, includes $7.1 million due from related parties.

[2] Refer to Note 2 for details on the Company’s consolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”).

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Deferred Expenses and Other Assets, Net and Accounts Payable, Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities (Schedule of Other Liabilities) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities.
Interest payable		$ 63,232	$ 55,459
Other liabilities		14,671	$ 17,639
Other Liability, Related Party, Type			Related party
Dividends declared and payable		12,907	$ 11,067
Operating lease liability		17,047	5,471
Management fee payable			5,301
Accrued expenses		15,129	5,420
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	[1],[2]	$ 122,986	$ 100,357
Operating Lease, Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]		Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities
Other liabilities
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities.
Other liabilities			$ 3,100

[1] As of December 31, 2022, includes $8.5 million due to related parties.

[2] Refer to Note 2 for details on the Company’s consolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”).

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Debt Obligations, net (Schedule of Debt) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		1 Months Ended	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
		Oct. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	May 31, 2022	Jan. 31, 2022	Nov. 30, 2021	May 31, 2021
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total debt obligations			$ 3,980,114	$ 3,565,101
Debt premium, net			(42,287)	(43,742)
Total debt obligations, net	[1]		3,937,827	3,521,359
Secured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total debt obligations			1,498,113	1,498,113
Debt premium, net			(26,580)
Total debt obligations, net			1,471,533
Secured Debt | Assets pledged as collateral without right
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Real estate, net investment in sales-type leases and Ground Leases receivables pledged as collateral on debt obligations			2,000,000
Unsecured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total debt obligations			2,482,001	2,066,988
Debt premium, net			(15,707)
Total debt obligations, net			$ 2,466,294
Unsecured Debt | Adjusted SOFR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis point spread on variable interest rate (percent)			0.90%
Mortgages | Secured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total debt obligations			$ 1,498,113	$ 1,498,113
Weighted average interest rate			3.99%	3.99%
Weighted average cash interest rate			3.30%
Consolidated Mortgage Debt, Unconsolidated Mortgage Debt and Unsecured Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted average interest rate			3.85%
Weighted average cash interest rate			3.32%
2.80% Senior Notes | Unsecured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total debt obligations			$ 400,000	$ 400,000
Stated interest rate			2.80%	2.80%				2.80%
2.85% Senior Notes | Unsecured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total debt obligations			$ 350,000	$ 350,000
Stated interest rate			2.85%	2.85%			2.85%
3.98% Senior Notes | Unsecured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total debt obligations			$ 475,000	$ 475,000
Stated interest rate			3.98%	3.98%		3.98%
5.15% Senior Notes | Unsecured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total debt obligations			$ 154,001	$ 151,988
Stated interest rate			5.15%	5.15%	5.15%
Trust Preferred Securities | Unsecured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total debt obligations			$ 100,000
Trust Preferred Securities | Unsecured Debt | Adjusted SOFR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis point spread on variable interest rate (percent)			1.50%
2021 Unsecured Revolver maturing in 2026 | Unsecured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total debt obligations			$ 1,003,000	$ 690,000
2021 Unsecured Revolver maturing in 2026 | Unsecured Debt | Adjusted SOFR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis point spread on variable interest rate (percent)		0.90%	0.90%	0.90%
2023 Unsecured Revolver maturing in 2025 | Unsecured Debt | Adjusted SOFR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis point spread on variable interest rate (percent)		0.90%	0.90%

[1] Refer to Note 2 for details on the Company’s consolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”).

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Debt Obligations, net (Narrative) (Details)	1 Months Ended						9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2023	May 31, 2022 USD ($)	Jan. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Nov. 30, 2021 USD ($)	May 31, 2021 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2021 USD ($) item	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022	Jan. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Three month term SOFR | Trust Preferred Securities
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Basis point spread on variable interest rate (percent)							1.50%
Secured Debt | Mortgages
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Weighted average interest rate							3.99%	3.99%
Unsecured Debt | 2.80% Senior Notes
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount					$ 400,000,000.0
Stated interest rate					2.80%		2.80%	2.80%
Percent of par value at which the notes were issued					99.127%
Percentage of principal amount of debt at which debt can be redeemed					100.00%
Unsecured Debt | 2.85% Senior Notes
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount				$ 350,000,000.0
Stated interest rate				2.85%			2.85%	2.85%
Percent of par value at which the notes were issued				99.123%
Percentage of principal amount of debt at which debt can be redeemed				100.00%
Unsecured Debt | 3.98% Senior Notes
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount			$ 475,000,000.0
Stated interest rate			3.98%				3.98%	3.98%
Minimum percentage of aggregate principal amount that can be repaid at any time at the Company's discretion			5.00%
Percentage of principal amount of debt at which debt can be redeemed			100.00%
Unsecured Debt | 5.15% Senior Notes
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount		$ 150,000,000.0
Stated interest rate		5.15%					5.15%	5.15%
Stairstep interest rate, Years 1 through 10		2.50%
Stairstep interest rate, Years 11 through 20		3.75%
Stairstep interest rate, Years 21 through 30		5.15%
Minimum percentage of aggregate principal amount that can be repaid at any time at the Company's discretion		5.00%
Percentage of principal amount of debt at which debt can be redeemed		100.00%
Unsecured Debt | 2021 Unsecured Revolver maturing in 2026
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity						$ 1,000,000,000.0				$ 1,350,000,000
Number of extension options available | item						2
Debt extension term						12 months
Line of credit facility fee, percent						0.10%
Remaining borrowing capacity							$ 347,000,000.0
Unsecured Debt | Unsecured Revolver maturing in 2025
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Maximum borrowing capacity									$ 500,000,000
Remaining borrowing capacity							$ 500,000,000.0
Unsecured Debt | LIBOR | 2021 Unsecured Revolver maturing in 2026
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Basis point spread on variable interest rate (percent)						0.90%
Unsecured Debt | Adjusted SOFR
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Basis point spread on variable interest rate (percent)							0.90%
Unsecured Debt | Adjusted SOFR | Trust Preferred Securities
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Basis point spread on variable interest rate (percent)							1.50%
Unsecured Debt | Adjusted SOFR | 2021 Unsecured Revolver maturing in 2026
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Basis point spread on variable interest rate (percent)	0.90%						0.90%	0.90%
Minimum | Unsecured Debt | Unsecured Senior Notes
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Unencumbered assets to unsecured debt ration							1.25
Minimum | Unsecured Debt | 2021 and 2023 Unsecured Revolvers
Line of Credit Facility [Line Items]
Unencumbered assets to unsecured debt ration							1.33
Debt instrument covenant multiple of minimum fixed charges on outstanding borrowings							1.15

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Debt Obligations, net (Schedule of Debt Maturities) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		9 Months Ended
		Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
2023 (remaining three months)		$ 0
2024		0
2025		0
2026		1,003,000
2027		237,000
Thereafter		2,740,114
Total principal maturities		3,980,114	$ 3,565,101
Debt premium, discount and deferred financing costs, net		(42,287)	(43,742)
Total debt obligations, net	[1]	3,937,827	3,521,359
Secured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
2023 (remaining three months)		0
2024		0
2025		0
2026		0
2027		237,000
Thereafter		1,261,113
Total principal maturities		1,498,113	1,498,113
Debt premium, discount and deferred financing costs, net		(26,580)
Total debt obligations, net		$ 1,471,533
Weighted average maturity of mortgages		27 years 9 months 18 days
Unsecured Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
2023 (remaining three months)		$ 0
2024		0
2025		0
2026		1,003,000
2027		0
Thereafter		1,479,001
Total principal maturities		2,482,001	$ 2,066,988
Debt premium, discount and deferred financing costs, net		(15,707)
Total debt obligations, net		$ 2,466,294

[1] Refer to Note 2 for details on the Company’s consolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”).

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Commitments and Contingencies - Lease Commitments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Operating leases
2023 (remaining three months)	$ 1,422	$ 1,422
2024	5,692	5,692
2025	5,680	5,680
Total undiscounted cash flows	12,794	12,794
Present value discount	(1,112)	(1,112)
Other adjustments	5,365	5,365
Lease liabilities	$ 17,047	$ 17,047	$ 5,471
Operating leases discount rate. office leases (percent)	5.80%	5.80%
Operating leases, weighted average lease term (in years)	2 years 10 months 24 days	2 years 10 months 24 days
Operating lease payments	$ 1,400	$ 2,900
Annual amount due lessor for other property related payments other than rent	$ 500	$ 500

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Commitments and Contingencies - Unfunded and Other Commitments (Details) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Unfunded commitments
Leasehold improvement allowance, unfunded, pending milestone achievement	$ 190.6
Future funding obligation, amount	283.6
Performance-based commitments	$ 118.9

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Risk Management and Derivatives (Derivative Instruments) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]
Gross Asset	$ 92,616	$ 29,346
Cash flow hedge gain (loss) to be reclassified within twelve months	5,800
Interest rate swap | Deferred expenses and other assets, net
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]
Gross Asset	$ 92,616	$ 29,346

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Risk Management and Derivatives (Derivative Instrument Gain (Loss)) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income	$ 53,834	$ 18,587	$ 59,632	$ 29,615
Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income into Earnings	1,494	(943)	1,454	(2,945)
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Interest Expense | Interest rate swap
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income	53,834	18,587	59,632	29,615
Amount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income into Earnings	$ 1,494	$ (943)	$ 1,454	$ (2,945)

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Equity (Narrative) (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions		1 Months Ended			3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 D $ / shares shares	Aug. 31, 2023 USD ($) shares	Jun. 30, 2023 $ / shares shares	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023 item $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2022 $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2023 item $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) item $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2023 shares	Apr. 30, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2022 $ / shares	Aug. 10, 2022 $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2018 shares
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares					$ 0.01		$ 0.01	$ 0.01			$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Number of classes of common stock | item					1		1	1
Cash dividends declared | $								$ 35.3	$ 32.5
Dividends declared, per share (usd per share) | $ / shares					$ 0.177	$ 0.177		$ 0.531	$ 0.524
Award vesting period				4 years
Public Offering and Private Placement
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Offering costs | $		$ 6.6
Public Offering
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Proceeds from stock transaction | $		$ 139.1
Stock issued (in shares)		6,500,000
Primary sales agreement
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of shares sold							0
MSD Partners | Private Placement
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Proceeds from private placement offering | $		$ 12.8
Stock issued (in shares)		599,983
Maximum | Primary sales agreement
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Aggregate sales price | $											$ 300.0
2009 Long Term Incentive Plan
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Vested shares of common stock issued			24,336
Grant date fair value of shares issued | $ / shares			$ 23.58
Number of shares available for issuance for future awards (in shares)					435,612		435,612	435,612
Performance-based awards | Caret Performance Incentive Plan (the "Original Caret Performance Incentive Plan").
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Previously vested shares subject to additional vesting (as percentage)	25.00%
Awards expected to vest within the next year.										850
Performance-based awards | Amended Caret Performance Incentive Plan
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Trigger at average per share price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 60.00
Expiration term (in years)	4 years
Awards outstanding (in shares)					1,499,382		1,499,382	1,499,382
Awards granted during the period	76,801
Number of awards outstanding then outstanding units (as percentage)								15.41%
Number of awards outstanding then authorized units (as percentage)								12.50%
Performance-based awards | Amended Caret Performance Incentive Plan | Minimum
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Threshold consecutive trading days | D	30
Chief Financial Officer | Performance-based awards | Amended Caret Performance Incentive Plan
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Awards granted during the period	15,000
General and Administrative Expense | Performance-based awards | Caret Performance Incentive Plan (the "Original Caret Performance Incentive Plan").
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Share-based payment arrangement, expense | $								$ 1.0	$ 0.4
Chief Executive Officer | Public Offering
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Proceeds from stock transaction | $		$ 1.4
Stock issued (in shares)		65,420
iStar Inc. | MSD Partners
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Sale of stock, share price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares													$ 37.00
Safehold, Inc. (Old SAFE) | 2017 Equity Incentive Plan
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Number of shares available for issuance for future awards (in shares)					0		0	0
Safehold, Inc. (Old SAFE) | Performance-based awards | Caret Performance Incentive Plan (the "Original Caret Performance Incentive Plan").
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Capital shares reserved for future issuance (in shares)														1,500,000

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Earnings Per Share (Schedule of Earnings Per Share) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net income (loss)		$ (122,846)	$ 75,391	$ (96,019)	$ 123,009
Net (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests	$ (9,500)	(123)	(9,314)	(138)	(9,381)
Net income (loss) attributable to Safehold Inc. common shareholders for basic earnings per share		(122,969)	66,077	(96,157)	113,628
Net income (loss) attributable to Safehold Inc. common shareholders - diluted		$ (122,969)	$ 66,077	$ (96,157)	$ 113,628

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Earnings Per Share (Earnings Allocable to Common Shares) (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per share:
Net income attributable to Safehold Inc. common shareholders - basic	$ (122,969)	$ 66,077	$ (96,157)	$ 113,628
Net income (loss) attributable to Safehold Inc. common shareholders - diluted	$ (122,969)	$ 66,077	$ (96,157)	$ 113,628
Denominator for basic and diluted earnings per share:
Weighted average common shares outstanding for basic earnings (in shares)	67,979	63,393	65,214	61,991
Weighted average common shares outstanding for diluted earnings per common share (in shares)	67,979	63,393	65,214	61,991
Basic and diluted earnings per common share:
Net income (loss) attributable to Safehold Inc. common shareholders - basic	$ (1.81)	$ 1.04	$ (1.47)	$ 1.83
Net income (loss) attributable to Safehold Inc. common shareholders - diluted	$ (1.81)	$ 1.04	$ (1.47)	$ 1.83

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Related Party Transactions (Narrative) (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands, ft² in Millions		1 Months Ended								3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Aug. 10, 2022 USD ($) shares	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Jul. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($) director	Apr. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($) director lease property	Feb. 28, 2022 USD ($) director shares	Nov. 30, 2021 USD ($) director	Jun. 30, 2021 USD ($) ft² agreement director	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) employee $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Financing Receivable, after Allowance for Credit Loss, Related Party, Type		Related party										Related party
Management fee expense												$ 5,199	$ 14,950
Ground lease acquisition purchase price												170,194	515,618
Future funding obligation, amount		$ 283,600										283,600
Number of new Ground Leases entered into | lease						3
Land
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Payments to acquire land						$ 28,500
Land and Related Ground Lease
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Leasehold improvement allowance, funded amount		12,700										12,700
Office space development property
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of square feet | ft²									1.1
Proceeds from sale of acquisition right under purchase option agreement		300
Purchase price of property under purchase option agreement									$ 215,000
Office space development property | Other expense
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Loss on sale of acquisition right under purchase option agreement		$ 1,900
Mixed-use property
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Ground lease, additional construction, funding commitment				$ 35,000
Caret Units
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of units sold | shares							108,571
Number of shares to be sold under purchase commitment related to merger | shares							28,571
Expected proceeds from sale of shares under purchase commitment							$ 5,000
Number of independent directors affiliated with an existing shareholder investing in redeemable noncontrolling interest | director							1
Period in which the entity is obligated to provide a public market listing							2 years
Caret Units | MSD Partners
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of shares to be sold under purchase commitment related to merger | shares	100,000
Expected proceeds from sale of shares under purchase commitment	$ 20,000
Existing third-party Caret unit
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of shares to be sold under purchase commitment related to merger | shares										22,500
Expected proceeds from sale of shares under purchase commitment										$ 4,500
Affiliated entity | iStar Inc.
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Management fee paid with common stock, period of restriction from selling stock										2 years
Management fee, percent, threshold one										1.00%
Management fee, percent, threshold two										1.25%
Management fee, percent, threshold three										1.375%
Management fee, percent, threshold four										1.50%
Termination fee, percent of prior years management fee										3.00%
Incentive fee										$ 0
Ground lease acquisition purchase price			$ 36,400		$ 9,000
Payment to acquire purchase option agreement									$ 1,200
Payments to acquire land						$ 122,000
Number of land properties acquired | property						3
Payment to terminate a real estate purchase option						$ 300
Affiliated entity | iStar Inc. | General and Administrative Expense
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Management fee expense											$ 5,300	5,200	15,000
Reimbursed operating and administrative expenses											$ 3,100	$ 3,100	$ 9,400
Affiliated entity | iStar Inc. | Land and Related Ground Lease
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of agreements entered into to acquire land and related Ground Lease | agreement									2
Purchase price per agreement for acquisition of land and related Ground Lease, subject to certain conditions being met								$ 33,300	$ 42,000
Multiple required by seller that may trigger payment of additional consideration								1.25	1.25
Percentage of required seller return on investment that may trigger payment of additional consideration								12.00%	9.00%
Future funding obligation, amount								$ 51,800
Affiliated entity | Minimum | iStar Inc.
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Management fee, shareholders' equity, incremental threshold amount two										1,500,000
Management fee, shareholders' equity, incremental threshold amount three										3,000,000
Management fee, shareholders' equity, incremental threshold amount four										5,000,000
Affiliated entity | Maximum | iStar Inc.
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Management fee, shareholders' equity, incremental threshold amount one										1,500,000
Management fee, shareholders' equity, incremental threshold amount two										3,000,000
Management fee, shareholders' equity, incremental threshold amount three										$ 5,000,000
Affiliated entity | Maximum | iStar Inc. | Land and Related Ground Lease
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Real estate, leasehold improvement allowance									$ 83,000
Affiliated entity | IPO | iStar Inc.
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Share price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares										$ 20.00
Director
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of directors with indirect ownership in Ground lease tenant. | director						1
Number of independent directors affiliated with an existing shareholder participating in or related to a particular project or transaction | director							1
iStar Inc.
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Ground lease acquisition purchase price			$ 36,400
iStar Inc. | Land and Related Ground Lease
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of independent directors affiliated with an existing shareholder participating in or related to a particular project or transaction | director								1	1
iStar Shareholder Affiliate | Mixed-use property
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of directors affiliated with shareholder having indirect ownership in venture | director				1
Leasehold Loan Fund
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Ownership percentage		53.00%										53.00%
Leasehold Loan Fund | Life Science Office Property Development
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Loan commitment received to fund a recapitalization project							$ 130,000
Additional consideration paid							$ 9,000
Leasehold Loan Fund | Mixed-use property
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Loan commitment received to fund a recapitalization project				$ 105,000
Additional consideration paid				$ 5,000
iStar Inc.
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of years as active real estate investor										20 years
Number of agreements entered into to acquire land and related Ground Lease | agreement									2
iStar Inc. | MSD Partners
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of shares to be sold under purchase commitment related to merger | shares	5,405,406									5,405,406
Expected proceeds from sale of shares under purchase commitment	$ 200,000
Safehold, Inc. (Old SAFE)
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of employees | employee										0
Safehold, Inc. (Old SAFE) | Caret Units
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of units sold | shares							108,571
Percentage of authorized shares sold							1.08%
Number of shares to be sold under purchase commitment related to merger | shares							28,571
Percentage of authorized shares under commitment to be purchased							0.29%
Expected proceeds from sale of shares under purchase commitment							$ 5,000
Number of independent directors affiliated with an existing shareholder investing in redeemable noncontrolling interest | director							1
Period in which the entity is obligated to provide a public market listing							2 years
MSD Partners | Caret Units
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Number of shares to be sold under purchase commitment related to merger | shares										100,000
Expected proceeds from sale of shares under purchase commitment										$ 20,000

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Related Party Transactions (Star Holdings) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Apr. 30, 2023
Selling stockholder sales agreement | Maximum
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Aggregate number of shares					1,000,000
Star Holdings | Affiliated entity
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Annual management fee - Year 1			$ 25.0
Annual management fee - Year 2			15.0
Annual management fee - Year 3			10.0
Annual management fee - Year 4			$ 5.0
Annual management fee percent of gross book value, year five and thereafter			2.00%
Management agreement initial term			3 years
Management fees recorded		$ 6.0		$ 13.2
Star Holdings | Safehold Inc.
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Ownership percentage		19.00%		19.00%
Star Holdings | Spinco Manager | Affiliated entity
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Annual management fee - Year 1	$ 25.0		$ 25.0
Annual management fee - Year 2	15.0		15.0
Annual management fee - Year 3	10.0		10.0
Annual management fee - Year 4	$ 5.0		$ 5.0
Annual management fee percent of gross book value, year five and thereafter	2.00%		2.00%
Management agreement initial term	1 year
Management agreement renewal term	1 year
Notice required to terminate management agreement without cause	180 days
Percentage approval of independent directors to terminate management agreement without cause	66.70%
Notice required to terminate management agreement with cause	30 days
Termination fee, termination without cause	$ 50.0		$ 50.0
Termination fee due to liquidation of consolidated assets after third anniversary of agreement	0.0		0.0
Termination fee due to reduction in consolidated assets - Year 1	30.0		30.0
Termination fee due to reduction in consolidated assets - Year 2	15.0		15.0
Termination fee due to reduction in consolidated assets - Year 3	$ 5.0		$ 5.0

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Subsequent Events (Details) $ in Millions	Oct. 04, 2023 USD ($)
Subsequent Events | Related party | Maximum | Star Holdings
Subsequent events
Facility amount available to be used to replenish funds.	$ 25.0

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Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net Income (Loss)	$ (122,969)	$ 66,077	$ (96,157)	$ 113,628

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Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false