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Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
INCOME TAXES
The effective income tax rate of 24.5% for the first quarter of 2017 was lower than the 2016 first quarter rate of 31.1%. The tax rates for both the first quarters of 2017 and 2016 were benefited primarily by the non-taxability of certain income items; however, the 2017 effective tax rate was further reduced by other adjustments. In the first quarter of 2017 we re-evaluated our state tax positions which resulted in a one-time $14 million benefit to income tax expense, in addition to a $4 million benefit from the implementation of new accounting guidance related to stock-based compensation.
Net deferred tax assets were approximately $231 million at March 31, 2017 and $250 million at December 31, 2016, which included a $4 million valuation allowance at each respective reporting date for certain acquired net operating loss carryforwards included in our acquisition of the remaining interests in a less significant subsidiary. We evaluate deferred tax assets on a regular basis to determine whether an additional valuation allowance is required. Based on this evaluation, and considering the weight of the positive evidence compared to the negative evidence, we have concluded that an additional valuation allowance is not required as of March 31, 2017.