10-Q

.

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED JUNE 30, 2018

OR

☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM                    TO                   

Commission File Number: 1-34392

PLUG POWER INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	22-3672377
(State or Other Jurisdiction of	(I.R.S. Employer
Incorporation or Organization)	Identification Number)

968 ALBANY SHAKER ROAD, LATHAM, NEW YORK 12110

(Address of Principal Executive Offices, including Zip Code)

(518) 782-7700

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non- accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☒ Non-accelerated filer ☐ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b 2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The number of shares of common stock, par value of $0.01 per share, outstanding as of August 9, 2018 was 214,795,074.

INDEX to FORM 10-Q

	Page
PART I.   FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1 – Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	3
Consolidated Balance Sheets	3
Consolidated Statements of Operations	4
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss	5
Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity	6
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	7
Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements	8
Item 2 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	33
Item 3 – Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	49
Item 4 – Controls and Procedures	49
PART II.   OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1 – Legal Proceedings	50
Item 1A – Risk Factors	50
Item 2 – Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	51
Item 3 – Defaults Upon Senior Securities	51
Item 4 – Mine Safety Disclosures	51
Item 5 – Other Information	51
Item 6 – Exhibits	52
Signatures	53

2

PART 1.  FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1 — Interim Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Plug Power Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	June 30,		December 31,
	2018		2017
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	15,035	$	24,828
Restricted cash		13,367		13,898
Accounts receivable		31,509		15,331
Inventory		42,288		48,776
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		15,661		16,774
Total current assets		117,860		119,607
Restricted cash		27,020		29,329
Property, plant, and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $32,801 and $31,588, respectively		11,544		10,414
Leased property, net of accumulated depreciation of $16,394 and $11,812, respectively		95,621		87,065
Goodwill		9,210		9,445
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $2,036 and $1,735, respectively		4,250		3,785
Other assets		10,722		11,165
Total assets	$	276,227	$	270,810
Liabilities, Redeemable Preferred Stock, and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	36,128	$	42,362
Accrued expenses		10,777		10,595
Deferred revenue		10,410		8,630
Finance obligations		40,581		34,506
Current portion of long-term debt		11,461		18,762
Other current liabilities		309		866
Total current liabilities		109,666		115,721
Deferred revenue		28,130		25,809
Common stock warrant liability		2,799		4,391
Finance obligations		33,693		37,069
Convertible senior notes, net		59,812		—
Long-term debt		15,272		13,371
Other liabilities		18		94
Total liabilities		249,390		196,455
Redeemable preferred stock:
Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share (aggregate involuntary liquidation preference $16,664); 10,431 shares authorized; Issued and outstanding: 2,620 at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017		709		709
Stockholders’ equity:
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share; 750,000,000 shares authorized; Issued (including shares in treasury): 229,655,825 at June 30, 2018 and 229,073,517 at December 31, 2017		2,297		2,291
Additional paid-in capital		1,276,989		1,250,899
Accumulated other comprehensive income		1,844		2,194
Accumulated deficit		(1,224,365)		(1,178,636)
Less common stock in treasury: 15,002,663 at June 30, 2018 and 587,151 at December 31, 2017		(30,637)		(3,102)
Total stockholders’ equity		26,128		73,646
Total liabilities, redeemable preferred stock, and stockholders’ equity	$	276,227	$	270,810

Theaccompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.

3

Plug Power Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Operations

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Revenue:
Sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure	$	20,622	$	8,560	$	32,080	$	10,757
Services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure		7,188		5,049		13,786		10,198
Power Purchase Agreements		5,629		4,945		11,118		9,256
Fuel delivered to customers		6,488		3,986		12,023		7,477
Other		—		64		—		151
Gross revenue		39,927		22,604		69,007		37,839
Provision for common stock warrants		(3,921)		(1,820)		(5,806)		(1,820)
Net revenue		36,006		20,784		63,201		36,019
Cost of revenue:
Sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure		15,377		6,441		25,499		8,727
Services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure		7,125		5,068		13,995		11,634
Power Purchase Agreements		9,393		7,450		17,684		14,065
Fuel delivered to customers		6,421		5,303		12,317		9,452
Other		—		65		—		163
Total cost of revenue		38,316		24,327		69,495		44,041
Gross loss		(2,310)		(3,543)		(6,294)		(8,022)
Operating expenses:
Research and development		8,427		6,625		17,075		12,623
Selling, general and administrative		12,241		17,904		20,550		27,049
Total operating expenses		20,668		24,529		37,625		39,672
Operating loss		(22,978)		(28,072)		(43,919)		(47,694)
Interest and other expense, net		(6,136)		(2,251)		(9,241)		(4,388)
Change in fair value of common stock warrant liability		334		(12,296)		1,592		(14,576)
Loss before income taxes	$	(28,780)	$	(42,619)	$	(51,568)	$	(66,658)
Income tax benefit		2,912		—		5,865		—
Net loss attributable to the Company	$	(25,868)	$	(42,619)	$	(45,703)	$	(66,658)
Preferred stock dividends declared and accretion of discount		(13)		(26)		(26)		(3,061)
Net loss attributable to common shareholders	$	(25,881)	$	(42,645)	$	(45,729)	$	(69,719)
Net loss per share:
Basic and diluted	$	(0.12)	$	(0.19)	$	(0.21)	$	(0.34)
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding		214,315,312		220,310,678		220,650,537		205,748,184

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.

4

Plug Power Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Three months ended				Six months ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Net loss attributable to the Company	$	(25,868)	$	(42,619)	$	(45,703)	$	(66,658)
Other comprehensive (loss) income - foreign currency translation adjustment		(762)		936		(350)		1,156
Comprehensive loss	$	(26,630)	$	(41,683)	$	(46,053)	$	(65,502)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.

5

Plug Power Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity

(In thousands, except share amounts)

(Unaudited)

						Accumulated
				Additional		Other								Total
	Common Stock			Paid-in		Comprehensive		Treasury Stock				Accumulated		Stockholders’
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Income		Shares		Amount		Deficit		Equity
December 31, 2017	229,073,517	$	2,291	$	1,250,899	$	2,194		587,151	$	(3,102)	$	(1,178,636)	$	73,646
Net loss attributable to the Company	—		—		—		—		—		—		(45,703)		(45,703)
Other comprehensive loss	—		—		—		(350)		—		—		—		(350)
Stock-based compensation	202,523		2		4,323		—		—		—		—		4,325
Stock dividend	13,273		—		26		—		—		—		(26)		—
Stock option exercises	366,412		4		98		—		17,606		(35)		—		67
Equity component of convertible senior notes, net of issuance costs and income tax benefit	—		—		31,837		—		—		—		—		31,837
Purchase of capped call	—		—		(16,000)		—		—		—		—		(16,000)
Purchase of common stock forward	—		—		—		—		14,397,906		(27,500)		—		(27,500)
Exercise of warrants	100		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Provision for common stock warrants	—		—		5,806		—		—		—		—		5,806
June 30, 2018	229,655,825	$	2,297	$	1,276,989	$	1,844		15,002,663	$	(30,637)	$	(1,224,365)	$	26,128

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.

6

Plug Power Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Six months ended
	June 30,
	2018		2017
Cash Flows From Operating Activities:
Net loss attributable to the Company	$	(45,703)	$	(66,658)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment, and leased property		5,795		4,183
Amortization of intangible assets		335		290
Stock-based compensation		4,325		4,792
Amortization of debt issuance costs and discount on convertible senior notes		2,438		296
Provision for common stock warrants		5,806		8,513
Change in fair value of common stock warrant liability		(1,592)		14,576
Income tax benefit		(5,865)		—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities that provide (use) cash:
Accounts receivable		(16,178)		(3,345)
Inventory		6,488		(12,763)
Prepaid expenses and other assets		1,556		66
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities		(6,685)		(6,746)
Accrual for loss contracts related to service		—		(752)
Deferred revenue		4,101		(787)
Net cash used in operating activities		(45,179)		(58,335)
Cash Flows From Investing Activities:
Purchases of property, plant and equipment		(2,343)		(1,057)
Purchase of intangible asset		(879)		—
Purchases for construction of leased property		(13,138)		(19,488)
Net cash used in investing activities		(16,360)		(20,545)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities:
Proceeds from exercise of warrants, net of transaction costs		—		17,702
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		67		37
Payments for redemption of preferred stock		—		(3,700)
Proceeds from public offerings, net of transaction costs		—		19,534
Proceeds from issuance of convertible senior notes, net		95,856		—
Purchase of capped call and common stock forward		(43,500)		—
Proceeds from borrowing of long-term debt, net of transaction costs		—		621
Principal payments on long-term debt		(5,721)		(1,278)
Proceeds from sale/leaseback transactions accounted for as capital leases		20,000		3,613
Repayments of finance obligations		(17,760)		(4,321)
Net cash provided by financing activities		48,942		32,208
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash		(36)		158
Decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(12,633)		(46,514)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash beginning of period		68,055		100,636
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash end of period	$	55,422	$	54,122
Other Supplemental Cash Flow Information:
Cash paid for interest	$	4,915	$	3,848
Noncash financing activity-conversion of preferred stock to common stock	$	—	$	7,778

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.

7

Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

1.  Nature of Operations

Description of Business

Plug Power Inc., or the Company, is a leading provider of alternative energy technology focused on the design, development, commercialization and manufacture of hydrogen and fuel cell systems used primarily for the electric mobility and stationary power markets.  As part of the global drive to electrification, Plug Power has recently leveraged product proven in the material handling vehicle space to enter new, adjacent, electric vehicle markets, specifically electric delivery vans.

We are focused on proton exchange membrane, or PEM, fuel cell and fuel processing technologies, fuel cell/battery hybrid technologies, and associated hydrogen storage and dispensing infrastructure from which multiple products are available. A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity and heat without combustion. Hydrogen is derived from hydrocarbon fuels such as liquid petroleum gas (LPG), propane, methanol, ethanol, gasoline or biofuels. Plug Power develops complete hydrogen generation, delivery, storage and refueling solutions for customer locations. Currently the Company obtains the majority of its hydrogen by purchasing it from fuel suppliers for resale to customers.

In our core business, we provide and continue to develop commercially-viable hydrogen and fuel cell product solutions to replace lead‑acid batteries in electric material handling vehicles and industrial trucks for some of the world’s largest retail-distribution and manufacturing businesses. We are focusing our efforts on industrial mobility applications (electric forklifts and electric industrial vehicles) at multi‑shift high volume manufacturing and high throughput distribution sites where our products and services provide a unique combination of productivity, flexibility and environmental benefits. Additionally, we manufacture and sell fuel cell products to replace batteries and diesel generators in stationary backup power applications. These products prove valuable with telecommunications, transportation and utility customers as robust, reliable and sustainable power solutions.

Our current products and services include:

GenDrive: GenDrive is our hydrogen fueled PEM fuel cell system providing power to material handling electric vehicles, including class 1, 2, 3 and 6 electric forklifts and ground support equipment;

GenFuel:  GenFuel is our hydrogen fueling delivery, generation, storage and dispensing systems;

GenCare: GenCare is our ongoing ‘internet of things’-based maintenance and on-site service program for GenDrive fuel cells, GenSure products, GenFuel products and ProGen engines;

GenSure:  GenSure is our stationary fuel cell solution providing scalable, modular PEM fuel cell power to support the backup and grid-support power requirements of the telecommunications, transportation, and utility sectors;

GenKey: GenKey is our turn-key solution combining either GenDrive or GenSure power with GenFuel fuel and GenCare aftermarket service, offering complete simplicity to customers transitioning to fuel cell power; and

ProGen:  ProGen is our fuel cell stack and engine technology currently used globally in mobility and stationary fuel cell systems, and as engines in electric delivery vans;

We provide our products worldwide through our direct product sales force, and by leveraging relationships with original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs, and their dealer networks. We manufacture our commercially-viable products in Latham, NY.

8

Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)

We were organized as a corporation in the State of Delaware on June 27, 1997.

Unless the context indicates otherwise, the terms “Company,” “Plug Power,” “we,” “our” or “us” as used herein refers to Plug Power Inc. and its subsidiaries.

Liquidity

Our cash requirements relate primarily to working capital needed to operate and grow our business, including funding operating expenses, growth in inventory to support both shipments of new units and servicing the installed base, growth in equipment leased to customers under long-term arrangements, funding the growth in our GenKey “turn-key” solution, which includes the installation of our customers’ hydrogen infrastructure as well as delivery of the hydrogen fuel,  continued development and expansion of our products, payment of lease/financing obligations under sale/leaseback financings, and the repayment or refinancing of our long-term debt. Our ability to achieve profitability and meet future liquidity needs and capital requirements will depend upon numerous factors, including the timing and quantity of product orders and shipments; attaining and expanding positive gross margins across all product lines; the timing and amount of our operating expenses; the timing and costs of working capital needs; the timing and costs of building a sales base; the ability of our customers to obtain financing to support commercial transactions; our ability to obtain financing arrangements to support the sale or leasing of our products and services to customers and to repay or refinance our long-term debt, and the terms of such agreements that may require us to pledge or restrict substantial amounts of our cash to support these financing arrangements; the timing and costs of developing marketing and distribution channels; the timing and costs of product service requirements; the timing and costs of hiring and training product staff; the extent to which our products gain market acceptance; the timing and costs of product development and introductions; the extent of our ongoing and new research and development programs; and changes in our strategy or our planned activities. If we are unable to fund our operations with positive cash flows and cannot obtain external financing, we may not be able to sustain future operations.  As a result, we may be required to delay, reduce and/or cease our operations and/or seek bankruptcy protection.

We have experienced and continue to experience negative cash flows from operations and net losses.  The Company incurred net losses attributable to common shareholders of $45.7 million for the six months ended June  30, 2018 and $130.2 million, $57.6 million, and $55.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively, and has an accumulated deficit of $1.2 billion at June 30, 2018.

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, cash used in operating activities was $45.2 million, consisting primarily of a net loss attributable to the Company of $45.7 million and net outflows from fluctuations in working capital and other assets and liabilities of $10.7 million, offset by the impact of noncash charges/gains of $11.2 million. The changes in working capital primarily were related to an increase in accounts receivable and a decrease in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities, offset by decreases in inventory, prepaid expenses and other current assets and an increase in deferred revenue. As of June 30, 2018, we had cash and cash equivalents of $15.0 million and net working capital of $8.2 million. By comparison, at December 31, 2017, we had cash and cash equivalents of $24.8 million and net working capital of $3.9 million.

Net cash used in investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2018, totaled $16.4 million and included purchases of property, plant and equipment and outflows associated with materials, labor, and overhead necessary to construct new leased property. Cash outflows related to equipment that we sell and equipment we lease directly to customers are included in net cash used in operating activities and net cash used in investing activities, respectively. Net cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2018 totaled $48.9 million and primarily resulted from net proceeds of $52.4 million from the issuance of Convertible Senior Notes, net of purchases of a capped call and a common stock forward, and a $2.2 million increase in finance obligations, offset by $5.7 million of principal payments on long-term debt.

In March 2018, we issued $100.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes due in 2023 (Convertible Senior Notes). The total net proceeds from this offering, after considering costs of the issuance,

9

Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)

were approximately $96.1 million. Approximately $43.5 million of the proceeds were used for the cost of a capped call and a common stock forward, both of which are hedges related to the Convertible Senior Notes. The remaining net proceeds from the Convertible Senior Notes will be used for general corporate purposes, including working capital.

The Company enters into sale/leaseback agreements with various financial institutions to facilitate the Company’s commercial transactions with key customers. The Company sells certain fuel cell systems and hydrogen infrastructure to the financial institutions, and leases the equipment back to support certain customer locations and to fulfill its varied PPAs.  In connection with certain past operating leases, the financial institutions required the Company to maintain cash balances in restricted accounts securing the Company’s lease obligations. Cash received from customers under the PPAs is used to make lease payments.  As the Company performs under these agreements, the required restricted cash balances are released, according to a set schedule. The total remaining lease payments to financial institutions under these agreements was $28.2 million, which has been fully secured with restricted cash and pledged service escrows.

The Company has an amended and restated master lease agreement with Wells Fargo (Wells Fargo MLA) to finance the Company’s commercial transactions with Wal-Mart Stores Inc. (Walmart).  Pursuant to the Wells Fargo MLA, the Company sells fuel cell systems and hydrogen infrastructure to Wells Fargo and then leases them back and operates them at Walmart sites under lease agreements with Walmart.  The total remaining lease payments to Wells Fargo was $24.8 million at June 30, 2018.  Additionally, the Company completed financings in August 2018 of approximately $16.0 million.  The Wells Fargo MLA requires the Company to maintain restricted cash for the portion of the transaction that related to the applicable investment tax credit.

We have historically funded our operations primarily through public and private offerings of common and preferred stock, as well as short-term borrowings, long-term debt and project financing, and recently with Convertible Senior Notes.  The Company believes that its current working capital and cash anticipated to be generated from future operations, as well as borrowings from lending and project financing sources and proceeds from equity offerings, will provide sufficient liquidity to fund operations for at least one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. There is no guarantee that future funding will be available if and when required or at terms acceptable to the Company.  This projection is based on our current expectations regarding new project financing and product sales and service, cost structure, cash burn rate and other operating assumptions. Additionally, the Company has other capital sources available, including the At Market Issuance Sales Agreement (see Note 9).

2.  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Interim Financial Statements

The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). In the opinion of management, all adjustments, which consist solely of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly, in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for all periods presented, have been made. The results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year.

Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted. These unaudited interim consolidated financial

10

Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)

statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.

The information presented in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017, has been derived from the Company’s December 31, 2017 audited consolidated financial statements. All other information has been derived from the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements of the Company.

Revenue Recognition

The Company enters into contracts that may contain one or a combination of fuel cell systems and infrastructure, installation, maintenance, spare parts, fuel delivery and other support services. Contracts containing fuel cell systems and related infrastructure may be sold, or provided to customers under a PPA.

The Company does not include a right of return on its products other than rights related to standard warranty provisions that permit repair or replacement of defective goods. The Company accrues for anticipated standard warranty costs at the same time that revenue is recognized for the related product, or when circumstances indicate that warranty costs will be incurred, as applicable.  Only a limited number of fuel cell units are under standard warranty.

Revenue is measured based on the consideration specified in a contract with a customer, subject to the allocation of consideration to individual performance obligations as discussed below. The Company recognizes revenue when it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control over a product or service to a customer.

The Company accounts for each separate performance obligation of multiple deliverable arrangements as a separate unit of accounting if the delivered item or items have value to the customer on a standalone basis. The Company considers a performance obligation to be distinct and have a standalone value if the customer can benefit from the good or service either on its own or together with other resources readily available to the customer and the Company’s promise to transfer the goods or service to the customer is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. The Company allocates revenue to each separate performance obligation based on relative standalone selling prices.

Payment terms for fuel cells, infrastructure and service are invoiced with terms ranging from 30 to 90 days. Service is prepaid upfront in a majority of the arrangements.  The Company does not adjust the transaction price for a significant financing component when the performance obligation is expected to be fulfilled within a year.

Nature of goods and services

The following is a description of principal activities from which the Company generates its revenue.

(i)Sales of Fuel Cell Systems and Related Infrastructure

Revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure represents sales of our GenDrive units, GenSure stationary backup power units, as well as hydrogen fueling infrastructure.

The Company considers list prices, as well as historical average pricing approaches to determine standalone selling prices.  Once relative standalone selling prices are determined, the Company proportionately allocates the sale consideration to each performance obligation within the customer arrangement. The allocated sales consideration related to fuel cell systems and infrastructure, spare parts, and hydrogen infrastructure is recognized at a point in time, when the performance obligation has been satisfied, which usually occurs at shipment if title and risk of loss have passed to the customer or upon commissioning.

(ii)Services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure

11

Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)

Revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure represents revenue earned on our service and maintenance contracts and sales of spare parts. The sales consideration allocated to services as discussed above is generally recognized as revenue over time on a straight-line basis over the expected service period.

In a vast majority of its commercial transactions, the Company sells extended maintenance contracts that generally provide for a five to ten year service period from the date of product installation. Services include monitoring, technical support, maintenance and services that provide for 97-98% uptime of the fleet. These services are accounted for as a separate performance obligation, and accordingly, revenue generated from these transactions, subject to the proportional allocation of sale consideration, is deferred and recognized in income over the term of the contract, generally on a straight-line basis. Additionally, the Company may enter into annual service and extended maintenance contracts that are billed monthly. Revenue generated from these transactions is recognized in income on a straight-line basis over the term of the contract. Costs are recognized as incurred over the term of the contract. Sales of spare parts are included within service revenue on the accompanying consolidated statement of operations. When costs are projected to exceed revenues over the life of the contract, an accrual for loss contracts is recorded.  Costs are estimated based upon historical experience and consider the estimated impact of the Company’s cost reduction initiatives.  The actual results may differ from these estimates.

When costs are projected to exceed revenues over the life of an extended maintenance contract, an accrual for loss contracts is recorded.  Costs are estimated based upon historical experience and consider the estimated impact of the Company’s cost reduction initiatives.  The actual results may differ from these estimates.

Upon expiration of the extended maintenance contracts, customers either choose to extend the contract or switch to purchasing spare parts and maintaining the fuel cell systems on their own.

(iii)Power Purchase Agreements

Revenue from PPAs primarily represents payments received from customers who make monthly payments to access the Company’s GenKey solution.

When fuel cell systems and related infrastructure are provided to customers through a PPA, revenues associated with these agreements are treated as rental income and recognized on a straight-line basis over the life of the agreements.  In conjunction with entering into a PPA with a customer, the Company may enter into sale/leaseback transactions with third-party financial institutions, whereby the fuel cells, a majority of the related infrastructure, and, in some cases service are sold to the third-party financial institution and leased back to the Company through either an operating or capital lease.

Certain of the Company’s sale/leaseback transactions with third-party financial institutions are required to be accounted for as capital leases.  As a result, no upfront revenue was recognized at the closing of these transactions and a finance obligation for each lease was established.  The fuel cell systems and related infrastructure that are provided to customers through these PPAs are considered leased property on the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated balance sheet.  Costs to service the leased property, depreciation of the leased property, and other related costs are considered cost of PPA revenue on the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated statement of operations.  Interest cost associated with capital leases is presented within interest and other expense, net on the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated statement of operations.

Each PPA entered into before December 31, 2015 had a corresponding sale/leaseback transaction with a third-party financial institution, which was required to be accounted for as an operating lease. The Company has rental expense associated with these sale/leaseback agreements with financial institutions.  Rental expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the life of the agreements and is characterized as cost of PPA revenue on the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated statement of operations.

(iv)Fuel Delivered to Customers

12

Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)

Revenue associated with fuel delivered to customers represents the sale of hydrogen to customers that has been purchased by the Company from a third party or generated on site.

The Company purchases hydrogen fuel from suppliers and sells to its customers upon delivery.  Revenue and cost of revenue related to this fuel is recorded as dispensed, and is included in the respective “Fuel delivered to customers” lines on the unaudited interim consolidated statements of operations.

(v)Other

Other revenue primarily represents cost reimbursement research and development contracts associated with the development of PEM fuel cell technology.

Contract accounting is used for research and development contract revenue. The Company generally shares in the cost of these programs with cost sharing percentages ranging from 30% to 50% of total project costs. Revenue from time and material contracts is recognized on the basis of hours expended plus other reimbursable contract costs incurred during the period and is included within the “other” revenue line on the unaudited interim consolidated statement of operations. All allowable work performed through the end of each calendar quarter is billed, subject to limitations in the respective contracts.

Contract costs

The Company expects that incremental commission fees paid to employees as a result of obtaining sales contracts are recoverable and therefore the Company capitalizes them as contract costs.

Capitalized commission fees are amortized on a straight line basis over the period of time over which the transfer of goods or services to which the assets relate occur, typically ranging from 5 to 10 years. Amortization of the capitalized commission fees is included in selling, general, and administrative expenses.

The Company recognizes the incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the assets that the Company otherwise would have recognized is one year or less. These costs are included in selling, general, and administrative expenses.

During 2017, the Company issued warrants to Amazon.com, Inc. and Wal-mart Stores, Inc. The fair value of warrants associated with each of these transactions are accounted for as revenue incentives as described in Note 11, Warrant Transaction Agreements.

Adoption of ASC Topic 606 - Transition Approach

As discussed in Recent Accounting Pronouncements, on January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC Topic 606), which offers two transition approaches: full retrospective and modified retrospective. The Company chose the modified retrospective approach as its transition method and will not experience a significant effect on the timing and amount of revenue recognized or the amount of revenue allocated to the identified performance obligations. There was an insignificant amount of historical contract acquisition costs that were expensed and were not capitalized upon adoption of ASC Topic 606. However, upon adoption, contract acquisition costs of $0.1 million were capitalized and are being amortized as described above.

Cash Equivalents

Cash equivalents consist of money market accounts with an initial term of less than three months. At June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, cash equivalents consist of money market accounts. For purposes of the unaudited interim

13

Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)

consolidated statements of cash flows, the Company considers all highly-liquid debt instruments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents.  The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are deposited with financial institutions located in the U.S. and may at times exceed insured limits.

Common Stock Warrant Accounting

The Company accounts for common stock warrants as either derivative liabilities or as equity instruments depending on the specific terms of the warrant agreement.

Derivative Liabilities

Registered common stock warrants that require the issuance of registered shares upon exercise and do not sufficiently preclude an implied right to cash settlement are accounted for as derivative liabilities. We currently classify these derivative warrant liabilities on the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated balance sheets as a long-term liability, which are revalued at each balance sheet date subsequent to the initial issuance, using the Black-Scholes pricing model. This pricing model, which is based, in part, upon unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data, requires the Company to develop its own assumptions. Changes in the fair value of the warrants are reflected in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated statements of operations as change in fair value of common stock warrant liability.

Equity Instruments

Common stock warrants that meet certain applicable requirements of ASC Topic 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity, and other related guidance, including the ability of the Company to settle the warrants without the issuance of registered shares or the absence of rights of the grantee to require cash settlement, are accounted for as equity instruments. The Company classifies these equity instruments within additional paid-in capital on the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated balance sheets. Common stock warrants accounted for as equity instruments represent the warrants issued to Amazon.com, Inc. and Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. as discussed in Note 11.  These warrants are remeasured at each financial reporting date prior to vesting, using the Monte Carlo pricing model.  Once these warrants vest, they are no longer remeasured.  This pricing model, which is based, in part, upon unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data, requires the Company to develop its own assumptions. Changes in fair value resulting from remeasurement of common stock warrants issued in connection with the Amazon Transaction Agreement and the Walmart Transaction Agreement, as described in Note 11, Warrant Transaction Agreements, and are recorded as cumulative catch up adjustments as a reduction of revenue.

Convertible Senior Notes

The Company accounts for the issued Convertible Senior Notes with separate liability and equity components. The carrying amount of the liability component was initially determined by estimating the fair value of a similar debt instrument that does not have an associated convertible feature. The carrying amount of the equity component representing the conversion option was determined by deducting the estimated fair value of the liability component from the par value of the Convertible Senior Notes as a whole as of the date of issuance. This difference represents a debt discount that is amortized to interest expense, with a corresponding increase to the carrying amount of the liability component, over the term of the Convertible Senior Notes using the effective interest rate method. The equity component is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification. The Company has allocated issuance costs incurred to the liability and equity components. Issuance costs attributable to the liability component are being amortized to expense over the respective term of the Convertible Senior Notes, and issuance costs attributable to the equity components were netted with the respective equity component in additional paid-in capital.

14

Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)

Use of Estimates

The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, which require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Reclassifications

Reclassifications are made, whenever necessary, to prior period financial statements to conform to the current period presentation.  These reclassifications did not have a net impact on the results of operations or net cash flows in the periods presented.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2014, an accounting update was issued that replaces the existing revenue recognition framework regarding contracts with customers. The Company adopted this accounting update as of January 1, 2018. The standard outlines a five-step model whereby revenue is recognized as performance obligations within a contract are satisfied. The standard also requires new, expanded disclosures regarding revenue recognition. The Company did not experience a significant effect on the timing and amount of revenue recognized or the amount of revenue allocated to the identified performance obligations. There is an insignificant amount of historical contract acquisition costs that were expensed under prior guidance and were not capitalized upon adoption of ASC Topic 606. However, in subsequent periods, contract acquisition costs are capitalized in accordance with ASC Topic 606 (see Note 12, Revenue).

In October 2016, an accounting update was issued to simplify how an entity should recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs.  Consequently, the amendments in this update eliminate the exception for an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory.  Two common examples of assets included in the scope of this update are intellectual property and property, plant, and equipment.  The Company adopted this update on January 1, 2018 and it did not have any effect on the consolidated financial statements because our net tax position is zero.

In November 2016, an accounting update was issued to reduce the existing diversity in the classification and presentation of changes in restricted cash on the statement of cash flows. This accounting update was adopted retrospectively by the Company on January 1, 2018. The adoption of this update impacts the cash flows from financing activities due to the change in the presentation of restricted cash within the consolidated statement of cash flows. Net cash flows from financing activities and change in cash and cash equivalents, which now includes restricted cash, for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, decreased by $2.8 million and $2.6 million, respectively.

Recently Issued and Not Yet Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2018, an accounting update was issued to simplify the accounting for nonemployee share-based payment transactions  resulting from expanding the scope of ASC Topic 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. An entity should apply the requirements of ASC Topic 718 to nonemployee awards except for specific guidance on inputs to an option pricing model and the attribution of cost (that is, the period of time over which share-based payment awards vest and the pattern of cost recognition over that period). The amendments specify that ASC Topic 718 applies to all share-based payment transactions in which a grantor acquires goods or services to be used or consumed in a grantor’s own operations by issuing share-based payment awards. The amendments also clarify that ASC Topic 718 does not apply to share-based payments used to

15

Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)

effectively provide (1) financing to the issuer or (2) awards granted in conjunction with selling goods or services to customers as part of a contract accounted for under ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The amendments in this accounting update are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that fiscal year. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than an entity’s adoption date of ASC Topic 606. The Company is evaluating whether to early adopt this accounting update during the remainder of 2018. 

In February 2016, an accounting update was issued which requires balance sheet recognition for operating leases, among other changes to previous lease guidance.  This accounting update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018.  The Company has established an internal implementation team to oversee the adoption of the new standard, and has estimated the impact this accounting update will have on its consolidated financial statements. When adopted, the Company expects there to be an increase in finance obligations of over $30.0 million, which represents the future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases, as lessee, and a corresponding addition of a right-of-use asset.  Any cumulative effect of the adoption recorded to accumulated deficit is not expected to be significant.  The Company also does not expect there to be a significant net effect on its consolidated statements of operations in the current or prior periods, however what was previously presented as rent expense related to operating leases will be recognized as interest expense on the Company’s minimum lease obligation and depreciation of its right-of-use asset. In July 2018, an accounting update was issued to make technical amendments to the previous update, including the addition of a  new optional transition method. The Company is evaluating whether to early adopt this accounting update during the remainder of 2018.  The Company is also evaluating the transition method of adoption. 

In January 2017, an accounting update was issued to simplify how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test.  Step 2 measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. This accounting update is effective for years beginning after December 15, 2019.  Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is evaluating the impact this update will have on the consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, an accounting update was issued to reduce the existing diversity in practice in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows.  This accounting update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period.  The Company is evaluating the impact this update will have on the consolidated financial statements.

3.  Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per common share are computed by dividing net loss attributable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock (such as stock options, unvested restricted stock, common stock warrants, preferred stock, and Convertible Senior Notes) were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock (net of any assumed repurchases where applicable) that then shared in the earnings of the Company, if any. This is computed by dividing net earnings by the combination of dilutive common share equivalents, which is comprised of shares issuable under outstanding warrants, the conversion of preferred stock, and the Company’s share-based compensation plans, Convertible Senior Notes and the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. In general, when the Company is in a net loss position, most common stock equivalents would be considered to be anti-dilutive and are, therefore, not included in the determination of diluted earnings per share. Accordingly, basic and diluted loss per share are the same.

While the Company plans to settle the principal amount of the Convertible Senior Notes in cash subject to available funding at time of settlement, we currently use the if-converted method for calculating any potential dilutive effect of the conversion option on diluted net income per share, subject to meeting the criteria for using the treasury stock method in

16

Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)

future periods. As noted above, the Company is in a net loss position. The conversion option would have a dilutive impact on net loss per share of common stock when the average market price of the Company’s common stock for a given period exceeds the conversion price of the Convertible Senior Notes of $2.29 per share. During the six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company's weighted average common stock price was below the conversion price of the Convertible Senior Notes. The shares of common stock purchased in connection with issuance of the Convertible Senior Notes are excluded from weighted-average shares outstanding for basic and diluted earnings per share purposes although they remain legally outstanding. See Note 8, Convertible Senior Notes, for a detailed description of their issuance.

The dilutive potential common shares are summarized as follows:

	At June 30,
	2018	2017
Stock options outstanding (1)	19,977,576	15,016,609
Restricted stock outstanding	207,347	248,077
Common stock warrants (2)	115,824,142	60,537,546
Preferred stock (3)	2,782,075	5,554,594
Convertible Senior Notes	43,630,020	—
Number of dilutive potential common shares	182,421,160	81,356,826

(1) During the three months ended June  30, 2018 and 2017, the Company granted 484,667 and 314,511 stock options, respectively.    During the six months ended June  30, 2018 and 2017, the Company granted 484,667 and 450,863 stock options, respectively.

(2) In February 2013, the Company issued 23,637,500 warrants as part of an underwritten public offering with an exercise price of $0.15 per warrant.  Of these warrants issued in February 2013, zero and 100 were unexercised as of June  30, 2018 and 2017.

In January 2014, the Company issued 4,000,000 warrants as part of an underwritten public offering with an exercise price of $4.00 per warrant. In December 2016, as a result of additional public offerings, and pursuant to the effect of the anti-dilution provisions of these warrants, the exercise price of the $4.00 warrants was reduced to $0.65. Of these warrants issued in January 2014, all 4,000,000 warrants were exercised during 2017, as described in Note 9, Stockholders’ Equity. 

In December 2016, the Company issued 10,501,500 warrants as part of two concurrent underwritten public offerings with an exercise price of $1.50 per warrant.  Of these warrants issued in December 2016, all 10,501,500 warrants were exercised during 2017, as described in Note 9, Stockholders’ Equity.

In April 2017, the Company issued 5,250,750 warrants with an exercise price of $2.69 per warrant, as described in Note 9, Stockholders’ Equity.  Of these warrants issued in April 2017, none have been exercised as of June 30, 2018.

In April 2017, the Company issued warrants to acquire up to 55,286,696 of the Company’s common stock as part of a transaction agreement, subject to certain vesting events, as described in Note 11, Warrant Transaction Agreements.  Of these warrants issued, none have been exercised as of June 30, 2018.

In July 2017, the Company issued warrants to acquire up to 55,286,696 of the Company’s common stock as part of a transaction agreement, subject to certain vesting events, as described in Note 11, Warrant Transaction Agreements. Of these warrants issued, none have been exercised as of June 30, 2018.

(3) The preferred stock amount represents the dilutive potential common shares of the Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock, based on the conversion price of the preferred stock as of June  30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.  Of the 10,431 Series C redeemable preferred stock issued on May 16, 2013, 7,811 and 5,200 had been converted to

17

Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)

common stock through June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, with the remainder still outstanding.  Of the 18,500 Series D redeemable convertible preferred stock issued on December 22, 2016, 3,700 shares were redeemed during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and the remaining 14,800 were converted to common stock during the second quarter of 2017.

4.  Inventory

Inventory as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 consists of the following (in thousands):

	June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Raw materials and supplies	$	34,689	$	42,851
Work-in-process		4,584		3,492
Finished goods		3,015		2,433
	$	42,288	$	48,776

Raw materials and supplies include spare parts inventory held at service locations valued at $4.7 million and $5.5 million as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

5. Leased Property

Leased property at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 consists of the following (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2018		2017
Leased property	$	112,015	$	98,877
Less: accumulated depreciation		(16,394)		(11,812)
Leased property, net	$	95,621	$	87,065

Depreciation expense related to leased property was $2.4 million and $1.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.  Depreciation expense related to leased property was $4.6 million and $3.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. 

6. Intangible Assets

The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of the Company’s acquired identifiable intangible assets as of June 30, 2018 are as follows (in thousands):

	Weighted Average
	Amortization	Gross Carrying		Accumulated
	Period	Amount		Amortizatin		Total
Acquired technology	9  years	$	5,966		(1,881)		4,085
Customer relationships	10  years		260		(110)		150
Trademark	5  years		60		(45)		15
		$	6,286	$	(2,036)	$	4,250

18

Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)

The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of the Company’s acquired identifiable intangible assets as of December 31, 2017 are as follows (in thousands):

	Weighted Average
	Amortization	Gross Carrying		Accumulated
	Period	Amount		Amortizatin		Total
Acquired technology	9  years	$	5,200	$	(1,593)	$	3,607
Customer relationships	10  years		260		(97)		163
Trademark	5  years		60		(45)		15
		$	5,520	$	(1,735)	$	3,785

The change in the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of the acquired technology from December 31, 2017 to June 30, 2018 is due to the acquisition of intellectual property from American Fuel Cell LLC in April 2018, as well as changes attributed to foreign currency translation.  As part of the agreement to acquire the intellectual property, the Company shall pay American Fuel Cell LLC milestone payments not to exceed $2.9 million in total, if certain milestones are met by April 2021.

Amortization expense for acquired identifiable intangible assets was $0.2 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.   Amortization expense for acquired identifiable intangible assets was $0.3 million for each of the six month periods ended June 2018 and 2017. Estimated amortization expense for subsequent years is as follows (in thousands):

Remainder of 2018	$	350
2019		593
2020		557
2021		557
2022		557
2023 and thereafter		1,636
Total	$	4,250

7.  Long-Term Debt

On December 23, 2016, the Company, and its subsidiaries Emerging Power Inc. and Emergent Power Inc. entered into a loan and security agreement with NY Green Bank, a Division of the New York State Energy Research & Development Authority (NY Green Bank), pursuant to which NY Green Bank made available to the Company a secured term loan facility in the amount of $25.0 million (Term Loan Facility), subject to certain terms and conditions.  The Company borrowed $25.0 million upon closing and incurred costs of $1.2 million.  On July 21, 2017, the Company and NY Green Bank entered into an amendment to the Term Loan Facility, which among other things, provided for an additional $20.0 million term loan, increasing the size of the total commitment to $45.0 million, amended the interest rate, prepayment penalty (for any prepayment in the calendar year 2017 or 2018, a prepayment charge equal to 7.5% of the advance amount being prepaid will apply) and product deployment and employment targets.  As with the existing facility, the up-sized facility will be repaid primarily as the Company’s various restricted cash balances are released over the term of the facility. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company borrowed the additional $20.0 million of working capital financing and incurred closing costs of $0.5 million. In June 2018, the timing and amount of the remaining principal payments were modified. At June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the outstanding principal balance under the Term Loan Facility was $27.3 million and $32.8 million, respectively.  The fair value of the Term Loan Facility approximates the carrying value as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, due to the variable interest rate of the Term Loan Facility. 

19

Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)

Advances under the Term Loan Facility bear interest at a rate equal to the sum of the LIBOR rate for the applicable interest period, plus applicable margin of 9.5%. The interest rate at June 30, 2018 and 2017 was approximately 11.8% and 11.2%, respectively.  The term of the loan is three years, with a maturity date of December 23, 2019.  As of June 30, 2018, estimated remaining principal payments will be approximately $10.2 million and $17.1 million during the years ending December 31, 2018, and 2019, respectively.  These payments will be funded in part by restricted cash released, as described in Note 15, Commitments and Contingencies.

Interest and a varying portion of the principal amount is payable on a quarterly basis and the entire then outstanding principal balance of the Term Loan Facility, together with all accrued and unpaid interest, is due and payable on the maturity date.  On the maturity date, the Company may also be required to pay additional fees of up to $1.8 million if the Company is unable to meet certain goals related to the deployment of fuel cell systems in the State of New York and increasing the Company’s number of full-time employees in the State of New York.  The Company currently believes that it will meet those goals.

The Term Loan Facility is secured by substantially all of the Company’s and the guarantor subsidiaries’ assets, including, among other assets, all intellectual property, all securities in domestic subsidiaries and 65% of the securities in foreign subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions and exclusions.

The Term Loan Facility contains covenants, including, among others, (i) the provision of annual and quarterly financial statements, management rights and insurance policies and (ii) restrictions on incurring debt, granting liens, making acquisitions, making loans, paying dividends, dissolving, and entering into leases and asset sales.  The Term Loan Facility also provides for events of default, including, among others, payment, bankruptcy, covenant, representation and warranty, change of control, judgment and material adverse effect defaults at the discretion of the lender.

The Term Loan Facility provides that if there is an event of default due to the Company’s insolvency or if the Company fails to perform, in any material respect, the servicing requirements for fuel cell systems under certain customer agreements, which failure would entitle the customer to terminate such customer agreement, replace the Company or withhold the payment of any material amount to the Company under such customer agreement, then the NY Green Bank has the right to cause a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company to replace the Company in performing the maintenance services under such customer agreement.

8. Convertible Senior Notes

In March 2018, the Company issued $100.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes due on March 15, 2023, in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.  There are no required principal payments prior to maturity of the Convertible Senior Notes. The total net proceeds from the Convertible Senior Notes are as follows:

	Amount
	(in thousands)
Principal amount	$	100,000
Less initial purchasers' discount		(3,250)
Less cost of related capped call and common stock forward		(43,500)
Less other issuance costs		(894)
Net proceeds	$	52,356

The Convertible Senior Notes bear interest at 5.5%, payable semi-annually in cash on March 15 and September 15 of each year.  The Convertible Senior Notes will mature on March 15, 2023, unless earlier converted or repurchased in accordance with their terms. The Convertible Senior Notes are unsecured and do not contain any financial covenants or any restrictions on the payment of dividends, or the issuance or repurchase of common stock by the Company.

20

Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)

Each $1,000 of principal of the Convertible Senior Notes will initially be convertible into 436.3002 shares of the Company’s common stock, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $2.29 per share, subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of specified events.  Holders of these Convertible Senior Notes may convert their Convertible Senior Notes at their option at any time prior to the close of the last business day immediately preceding September 15, 2022, only under the following circumstances:

1) during any fiscal quarter commencing after the fiscal quarter ending on June 30, 2018 (and only during such fiscal quarter), if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day;

2) during the five business day period after any five consecutive trading day period (the “measurement period”) in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock and the conversion rate for the notes on each such trading day; or

3) upon the occurrence of certain specified corporate events, such as a beneficial owner acquiring more then 50% of the total voting power of the Company’s common stock, recapitalization of the Company, dissolution or liquidation of the Company, or the Company’s common stock ceases to be listed on an active market exchange.

On or after September 15, 2022, holders may convert all or any portion of their Convertible Senior Notes at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date regardless of the foregoing conditions.

Upon conversion of the Convertible Senior Notes, the Company will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock, at the Company’s election.    While the Company plans to settle the principal amount of the Convertible Senior Notes in cash subject to available funding at time of settlement, we currently use the if-converted method for calculating any potential dilutive effect of the conversion option on diluted net income per share, subject to meeting the criteria for using the treasury stock method in future periods.

The conversion rate will be subject to adjustment in some events but will not be adjusted for any accrued or unpaid interest. A holder who converts their Convertible Senior Notes in connection with certain corporate events that constitute a “make-whole fundamental change” per the indenture governing the Convertible Senior Notes are, under certain circumstances, entitled to an increase in the conversion rate. In addition, if the Company undergoes a fundamental change prior to the maturity date, holders may require the Company to repurchase for cash all or a portion of its Convertible Senior Notes at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the repurchased Convertible Senior Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest.

The Company may not redeem the Convertible Senior Notes prior to the maturity date, and no sinking fund is provided for the Convertible Senior Notes.

In accounting for the issuance of the Convertible Senior Notes, the Company separated the Convertible Senior Notes into liability and equity components. The initial carrying amount of the liability component of approximately $58.2 million, net of costs incurred, was calculated by measuring the fair value of a similar liability that does not have an associated convertible feature. The carrying amount of the equity component of approximately $37.7 million, net of costs incurred, representing the conversion option, was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the par value of the Convertible Senior Notes. The difference between the principal amount of the Convertible Senior Notes and the liability component (the “debt discount”) is amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the Convertible Senior Notes.  The effective interest rate is approximately 16.0%. The equity component

21

Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)

of the Convertible Senior Notes is included in additional paid-in capital in the consolidated balance sheet and is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification.

We incurred transaction costs related to the issuance of the Convertible Senior Notes of approximately $4.1 million, consisting of initial purchasers' discount of $3.3 million and other issuance costs of approximately $0.8 million. In accounting for the transaction costs, we allocated the total amount incurred to the liability and equity components using the same proportions as the proceeds from the Convertible Senior Notes. Transaction costs attributable to the liability component were approximately $2.4 million, were recorded as debt issuance cost (presented as contra debt in the unaudited interim consolidated balance sheet) and are being amortized to interest expense over the term of the Convertible Senior Notes. The transaction costs attributable to the equity component were approximately $1.7 million and were netted with the equity component in stockholders’ equity.

The Convertible Senior Notes consisted of the following:

Principal amounts:	At June 30, 2018
Principal	$	100,000
Unamortized debt discount (1)		(37,900)
Unamortized debt issuance costs (1)		(2,288)
Net carrying amount	$	59,812
Carrying amount of the equity component (2)	$	37,702

1) Included in the unaudited interim consolidated balance sheet within Convertible Senior Notes, net and amortized over the remaining life of the Convertible senior notes using the effective interest rate method.

2) Included in the unaudited interim consolidated balance sheet within additional paid-in capital, net of $1.7 million in equity issuance costs and associated income tax benefit.

As of June 30, 2018, the remaining life of the Convertible Senior Notes is approximately 57 months.

Based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock of  $2.02 on June 30, 2018, the if-converted value of the Convertible Senior Notes was less than the principal amount.

Capped Call

In conjunction with the issuance of the Convertible Senior Notes, the Company entered into capped call options (Capped Call) on the Company’s stock with certain counterparties at a price of $16.0 million. The net cost incurred in connection with the Capped Call has been recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital in the unaudited interim consolidated balance sheet.

The Capped Call is generally expected to reduce or offset the potential dilution to the Company’s common stock upon any conversion of the Convertible Senior Notes and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted Convertible Senior Notes, as the case may be, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap based on the cap price. The cap price of the capped call transactions will initially be $3.82 per share, which represents a premium of 100% over the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock of $1.91 per share on the date of the transaction, and is subject to certain adjustments under the terms of the Capped Call. The Capped Call becomes exercisable if the conversion option is exercised.

By entering into the Capped Call, the Company expects to reduce the potential dilution to its common stock (or, in the event the conversion is settled in cash, to provide a source of cash to settle a portion of its cash payment obligation) in the event that at the time of conversion its stock price exceeds the conversion price under the Convertible Senior Notes.

22

Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)

Common Stock Forward

In connection with the sale of the Convertible Senior Notes, the Company also entered into a forward stock purchase transaction (Common Stock Forward), pursuant to which the Company agreed to purchase 14,397,906 shares of its common stock for settlement on or about March 15, 2023. The number of shares of common stock that the Company will ultimately repurchase under the Common Stock Forward is subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments. The Common Stock Forward is subject to early settlement or settlement with alternative consideration in the event of certain corporate transactions.

The net cost incurred in connection with the Common Stock Forward of $27.5 million has been recorded as an increase in treasury stock in the unaudited interim consolidated balance sheet.  The related shares were accounted for as a repurchase of common stock.

The fair values of the Capped Call and Common Stock Forward are not remeasured each reporting period. 

9.  Stockholders’Equity

Preferred Stock

The Company has authorized 5.0 million shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share. The Company’s certificate of incorporation provides that shares of preferred stock may be issued from time to time in one or more series. The Company’s Board of Directors is authorized to fix the voting rights, if any, designations, powers, preferences, qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof, applicable to the shares of each series.

The Company has authorized Series A Junior Participating Cumulative Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, there were no shares of Series A Junior Participating Cumulative Preferred Stock issued and outstanding.  See Note 10, Redeemable Preferred Stock, for a description of the Company’s  Series C and D redeemable preferred stock.

Common Stock and Warrants

The Company has one class of common stock, par value $0.01 per share. Each share of the Company’s common stock is entitled to one vote on all matters submitted to stockholders. There were 214,653,162 and 228,486,366 shares of common stock outstanding as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

On December 22, 2016, the Company issued warrants to purchase 10,501,500 shares of common stock in connection with offerings of common stock and Series D Redeemable Preferred Stock at an exercise price of $1.50 per share.  On April 12, 2017, the Company and Tech Opportunities LLC (“Tech Opps”) entered into an agreement, pursuant to which Tech Opps exercised in full its warrants to purchase an aggregate of 10,501,500 shares of common stock.  The net proceeds received by the Company pursuant to the exercise of the existing warrants was $15.1 million and the Company issued to Tech Opps warrants to acquire up to 5,250,750 additional shares of common stock at an exercise price of $2.69 per share.  The warrants were exercisable as of October 12, 2017 and will expire on October 12, 2019. The warrants are subject to anti-dilution provisions in the event of issuance of additional shares of common stock and certain other conditions, as further described in the warrant agreement. 

During April 2017, warrants issued in January 2014 as part of an underwritten public offering with Heights Capital Management Inc., were exercised in full to purchase an aggregate of 4,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, at an exercise price of $0.65 per share. The aggregate cash exercise price paid to the Company pursuant to the exercise of the warrants was $2.6 million.

23

Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)

Pursuant to the exercises of the above warrants, additional paid-in capital was increased $27.1 million and warrant liability reduced by $27.1 million.

During 2013, the Company completed a series of underwritten public offerings. One of the underwritten public offerings included accompanying warrants to purchase common stock. During February 2018, the remaining 100 warrants with an exercise price of $0.15 per share were exercised. There were zero and 100 warrants outstanding as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

During 2017, additional warrants to purchase up to 110,573,392 shares of common stock were issued in connection with transaction agreements with Amazon and Walmart, as discussed in Note 11.  In connection with these agreements, warrants to acquire 18,913,869 shares of common stock have vested and are therefore exercisable as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.  These warrants are measured at fair value and are classified as equity instruments on the consolidated balance sheets.

At Market Issuance Sales Agreement

On April 3, 2017, the Company entered into an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with FBR Capital Markets & Co., as sales agent (“FBR”), pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time through FBR, shares of common stock par value $0.01 per share having an aggregate offering price of up to $75.0 million.  The Company has raised $23.0 million to date. Under the Sales Agreement, in no event shall the Company issue or sell through FBR such a number of shares that exceeds the number of shares or dollar amount of common stock registered. During the six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company did not offer any shares pursuant to the Sales Agreement.

10.  Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock

In December 2016, the Company completed an offering of an aggregate of 18,500 shares of the Company’s Series D Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (Series D Preferred Stock) and warrants to purchase 7,381,500 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share (Common Stock), resulting in aggregate proceeds of approximately $15.6 million.  During the three months ended March 31, 2017, the Company redeemed 3,700 shares of the Series D Preferred Stock, at an aggregate redemption price of approximately $3.7 million.  On April 5, 2017, all of the remaining outstanding shares of the Series D Preferred Stock were converted into an aggregate of 9,548,393 shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion price of $1.55.  The conversion was done at the election of the holder in accordance with the terms of the offering. After the conversion, no shares of Series D Preferred Stock remain outstanding. In December 2017, the series was deauthorized by the Board of Directors.

During the third quarter of  2017, 2,611 shares of the Company’s Series C Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (Series C Preferred Stock) were converted to common stock.  At June 30, 2018, there were 2,620 shares of Series C Preferred Stock outstanding. 

In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, or other deemed liquidation event, as defined in the Securities Purchase Agreement, the holder of the Series C Redeemable Preferred Stock will be entitled to be paid an amount per share equal to the greater of (i) the original issue price, plus any accrued but unpaid dividends or (ii) the amount per share that would have been payable had all shares of the Series C Redeemable Preferred Stock been converted to shares of common stock immediately prior to such liquidation event. The Series C Redeemable Preferred Stock is redeemable at the election of the holder of the Series C Redeemable Preferred Stock or the Company.

The holder of the Series C Redeemable Preferred Stock is entitled to receive dividends at a rate of 8% per annum, based on the original issue price per share of $248.794, payable in equal quarterly installments in cash or in shares of

24

Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)

common stock, at the Company’s option. During the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, dividends have been paid in the form of shares of common stock. Each share of Series C Redeemable Preferred Stock is convertible into shares of common stock with the number of shares of common stock issuable upon conversion determined by dividing the original issue price per share of $248.794 by the conversion price in effect at the time the shares are converted. The conversion price of the Series C Redeemable Preferred Stock as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was $0.2343. The Series C Redeemable Preferred Stock votes together with the common stock on an as-converted basis on all matters.

11.  Warrant Transaction Agreements

Amazon.com, Inc.

On April 4, 2017, the Company and Amazon.com, Inc. (“Amazon”) entered into a Transaction Agreement (the “Amazon Transaction Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue to Amazon.com NV Investment Holdings LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Amazon, warrants to acquire up to 55,286,696 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Amazon Warrant Shares”), subject to certain vesting events described below. The Company and Amazon entered into the Amazon Transaction Agreement in connection with existing commercial agreements between the Company and Amazon with respect to the deployment of the Company’s GenKey fuel cell technology at Amazon distribution centers. The existing commercial agreements contemplate, but do not guarantee, future purchase orders for the Company’s fuel cell technology. Additionally, Amazon and Plug Power will begin working together on technology collaboration, exploring the expansion of applications for Plug Power’s line of ProGen fuel cell engines.  The vesting of the Amazon Warrant Shares is linked to payments made by Amazon or its affiliates (directly or indirectly through third parties) pursuant to the existing commercial agreements.

The majority of the Amazon Warrant Shares will vest based on Amazon’s payment of up to $600.0 million to the Company in connection with Amazon’s purchase of goods and services from the Company. The first tranche of 5,819,652 Amazon Warrant Shares vested upon the execution of the Amazon Transaction Agreement.  Accordingly, $6.7 million, the fair value of the first tranche of Amazon Warrant Shares, was recognized as selling, general and administrative expense on the unaudited interim consolidated statement of operations during 2017 as this was considered to be marketing in nature and not a revenue incentive cost or contract acquisition cost. The second tranche of 29,098,260 Amazon Warrant Shares will vest in four installments of 7,274,565 Amazon Warrant Shares each time Amazon or its affiliates, directly or indirectly through third parties, make an aggregate of $50.0 million in payments for goods and services to the Company, up to payments totaling $200.0 million in the aggregate. The exercise price for the first and second tranches of Amazon Warrant Shares will be $1.1893 per share. After Amazon has made payments to the Company totaling $200.0 million, the third tranche of 20,368,784 Amazon Warrant Shares will vest in eight installments of 2,546,098 Amazon Warrant Shares each time Amazon or its affiliates, directly or indirectly through third parties, make an aggregate of $50.0 million in payments for goods and services to the Company, up to payments totaling $400.0 million in the aggregate. The exercise price of the third tranche of Amazon Warrant Shares will be an amount per share equal to ninety percent (90%) of the 30-day volume weighted average share price of the common stock as of the final vesting date of the second tranche of Amazon Warrant Shares. The Amazon Warrant Shares are exercisable through April 4, 2027.

The Amazon Warrant Shares provide for net share settlement that, if elected by the holders, will reduce the number of shares issued upon exercise to reflect net settlement of the exercise price. The Amazon Warrant Shares provide for certain adjustments that may be made to the exercise price and the number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise due to customary anti-dilution provisions based on future events.  These warrants are classified as equity instruments.

Because the Amazon Warrant Shares contain performance criteria (i.e. aggregate purchase levels), which Amazon must achieve for the Amazon Warrant Shares to vest, as detailed above, the final measurement date for the Amazon Warrant Shares is the date on which the Amazon Warrant Shares vest. Prior to the final measurement, when achievement of the performance criteria has been deemed probable, the estimated fair value of Amazon Warrant Shares is being recorded as a reduction to revenue and an addition to additional paid-in capital based on the projected number of Amazon

25

Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)

Warrant Shares expected to vest, the proportion of purchases by Amazon and its affiliates within the period relative to the aggregate purchase levels required for the Amazon Warrant Shares to vest and the then-current fair value of the related Amazon Warrant Shares. To the extent that projections change in the future as to the number of Amazon Warrant Shares that will vest, as well as changes in the fair value of the Amazon Warrant Shares, a cumulative catch-up adjustment will be recorded in the period in which the estimates change.

At June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017,  13,094,217 of the Amazon Warrant Shares have vested.  The amount of provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue during the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was $3.6 million and $1.8 million, respectively.  The amount of provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was $5.3 million and $1.8 million, respectively.    

Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.

On July 20, 2017, the Company and Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (“Walmart”) entered into a Transaction Agreement (the “Walmart Transaction Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue to Walmart a warrant to acquire up to 55,286,696 shares of the Company’s common stock, subject to certain vesting events (the “Walmart Warrant Shares”). The Company and Walmart entered into the Walmart Transaction Agreement in connection with existing commercial agreements between the Company and Walmart with respect to the deployment of the Company’s GenKey fuel cell technology across various Walmart distribution centers. The existing commercial agreements contemplate, but do not guarantee, future purchase orders for the Company’s fuel cell technology. The vesting of the warrant shares, is linked to payments made by Walmart or its affiliates (directly or indirectly through third parties) pursuant to transactions entered into after January 1, 2017 under existing commercial agreements.

The majority of the Walmart Warrant Shares will vest based on Walmart’s payment of up to $600.0 million to the Company in connection with Walmart’s purchase of goods and services from the Company. The first tranche of 5,819,652 Walmart Warrant Shares vested upon the execution of the Walmart Transaction Agreement.  Accordingly, $10.9 million, the fair value of the first tranche of Walmart Warrant Shares, was recorded as a provision for common stock warrants and presented as a reduction to revenue on the unaudited interim consolidated statement of operations during 2017. The second tranche of 29,098,260 Walmart Warrant Shares will vest in four installments of 7,274,565 Walmart Warrant Shares each time Walmart or its affiliates, directly or indirectly through third parties, make an aggregate of $50.0 million in payments for goods and services to the Company, up to payments totaling $200.0 million in the aggregate. The exercise price for the first and second tranches of Walmart Warrant Shares will be $2.1231 per share. After Walmart has made payments to the Company totaling $200.0 million, the third tranche of 20,368,784 Walmart Warrant Shares will vest in eight installments of 2,546,098 Walmart Warrant Shares each time Walmart or its affiliates, directly or indirectly through third parties, make an aggregate of $50.0 million in payments for goods and services to the Company, up to payments totaling $400.0 million in the aggregate. The exercise price of the third tranche of Walmart Warrant Shares will be an amount per share equal to ninety percent (90%) of the 30-day volume weighted average share price of the common stock as of the final vesting date of the second tranche of Walmart Warrant Shares, provided that, with limited exceptions, the exercise price for the third tranche will be no lower than $1.1893. The Walmart Warrant Shares are exercisable through July 20, 2027.

The Walmart Warrant Shares provide for net share settlement that, if elected by the holders, will reduce the number of shares issued upon exercise to reflect net settlement of the exercise price. The Walmart Warrant Shares provide for certain adjustments that may be made to the exercise price and the number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise due to customary anti-dilution provisions based on future events.  These warrants are classified as equity instruments.

Because the Walmart Warrant Shares contain performance criteria (i.e. aggregate purchase levels), which Walmart must achieve for the Walmart Warrant Shares to vest, as detailed above, the final measurement date for the Walmart Warrant Shares is the date on which the Walmart Warrant Shares vest. Prior to the final measurement, when

26

Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)

achievement of the performance criteria has been deemed probable, the estimated fair value of Walmart Warrant Shares is being recorded as a reduction to revenue and an addition to additional paid-in capital based on the projected number of Walmart Warrant Shares expected to vest, the proportion of purchases by Walmart and its affiliates within the period relative to the aggregate purchase levels required for the Walmart Warrant Shares to vest and the then-current fair value of the related Walmart Warrant Shares. To the extent that projections change in the future as to the number of Walmart Warrant Shares that will vest, as well as changes in the fair value of the Walmart Warrant Shares, a cumulative catch-up adjustment will be recorded in the period in which the estimates change.

At June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017,  5,819,652 of the Walmart Warrant Shares have vested.  The amount of provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction to revenue during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 was $0.3 million and $0.5 million, respectively.

12. Revenue

Disaggregation of revenue

In the following table, revenue is disaggregated by major product line and timing of revenue recognition (in thousands):

Major products/services lines	Three months ended				Six months ended
	June 30, 2018		June 30, 2017		June 30, 2018		June 30, 2017
Sales of fuel cell systems	$	14,633	$	5,582	$	21,207	$	7,400
Sale of hydrogen installations and other infrastructure		5,989		2,978		10,873		3,357
Services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure		7,188		5,049		13,786		10,198
Power Purchase Agreements		5,629		4,945		11,118		9,256
Fuel delivered to customers		6,488		3,986		12,023		7,477
Other		—		64		—		151
Total gross revenue	$	39,927	$	22,604	$	69,007	$	37,839

Contract balances

The following table provides information about receivables, contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers (in thousands):

	June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Accounts receivable	$	31,509	$	15,331
Contract assets		6,246		9,316
Contract liabilities		49,088		46,777

The contract assets relate to the Company’s rights to consideration for work completed but not billed. These amounts are included within prepaid expenses and other current assets on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

The contract liabilities relate to the advance consideration received from customers for services that will be recognized over time (primarily fuel cell and related infrastructure services). These amounts are included within deferred revenue and finance obligations on the accompanying consolidated interim balance sheets. A portion of the finance obligation balance has restricted cash held in escrow, which will be released over the contract period.

27

Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)

Significant changes in the contract assets and the contract liabilities balances during the period are as follows (in thousands):

Contract assets	Six months ended
	June 30, 2018
Transferred to receivables from contract assets recognized at the beginning of the period	$	(5,502)
Revenue recognized and not billed as of the end of the period		2,432
Net change in contract assets	$	(3,070)

Contract liabilities	Six months ended
	June 30, 2018
Revenue recognized that was included in the contract liability balance as the beginning of the period	$	4,608
Increases due to cash received, net of amounts recognized as revenue during the period		(6,919)
Net change in contract liabilities	$	(2,311)

Estimated future revenue

The following table includes estimated revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) at the end of the reporting period (in thousands):

	June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Sales of fuel cell systems	$	13,478	$	26,298
Sale of hydrogen installations and other infrastructure		8,281		15,512
Services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure		77,496		89,079
Power Purchase Agreements		122,659		130,042
Total estimated future revenue	$	221,914	$	260,931

All consideration from contracts with customers is included in the amounts presented above.

Contract costs

Contract costs consists of capitalized commission fees and other expenses related to obtaining or fulfilling a contract.

Capitalized contract costs at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were $0.1 million and zero, respectively. Expense related to the amortization of capitalized contract costs was not significant for the three or six months ended June 30, 2018.

13.  Income Taxes

The Company recognized an income tax benefit for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 of $2.9 million and $5.9 million, respectively, as a result of the intraperiod tax allocation rules under ASC Topic 740-20, Intraperiod Tax Allocation, under which the Company recognized a benefit for current losses as a result of an entry to additional paid-in capital related to the issuance of the Convertible Senior Notes discussed in Note 8. The Company has not changed its overall conclusion with respect to the need for a valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets, which remain fully reserved.

28

Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)

The remaining net deferred tax asset generated from the Company’s net operating loss has been offset by a full valuation allowance because it is more likely than not that the tax benefits of the net operating loss carry forward will not be realized. The Company also recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits, if any, as a component of income tax expense.

14.  Fair Value Measurements

Convertible Senior Notes

The fair value of the Convertible Senior Notes was $60.6 million on issuance.  The fair value was determined based on Level 3 inputs, including assumed volatility of 45.0%.  The Company carries the Convertible Senior Notes at face value less an unamortized discount on its consolidated balance sheet, and presents the fair value for required disclosure purposes only.  At June 30, 2018, the carrying value of the Convertible Senior Notes, excluding unamortized debt issue costs, approximates the fair value.  For further information on the Convertible Senior Notes see Note 8.

Derivative Liabilities

The Company’s common stock warrant liability represents the only asset or liability classified financial instrument measured at fair value on a recurring basis in the unaudited interim consolidated balance sheets.  The fair value measurement is determined by using Level 3 inputs due to the lack of active and observable markets that can be used to price identical assets.  Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs and should be used to determine fair value only when observable inputs are not available.  Unobservable inputs should be developed based on the best information available in the circumstances, which might include internally generated data and assumptions being used to price the asset or liability.

Fair value of the common stock warrant liability is based on the Black-Scholes pricing model which is based, in part, upon unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data, requiring the Company to develop its own assumptions.

The Company used the following assumptions for its liability-classified common stock warrants:

	Six months ended
	June 30, 2018	June 30, 2017
Risk-free interest rate	1.64% - 2.43%	1.01% - 2.01%
Volatility	18.40% - 81.69%	62.0% - 108.77%
Expected average term	0.01 - 1.53	0.64 - 5.23

There was no expected dividend yield for the warrants granted.

If factors change and different assumptions are used, the warrant liability and the change in estimated fair value could be materially different. Generally, as the market price of our common stock increases, the fair value of the warrants increase, and conversely, as the market price of our common stock decreases, the fair value of the warrants decrease. Also, a significant increase in the volatility of the market price of the Company’s common stock, in isolation, would result in significantly higher fair value measurements; and a significant decrease in volatility would result in significantly lower fair value measurements.

29

Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)

The following table shows the activity in the common stock warrant liability (in thousands):

	Six months ended
Common stock warrant liability	June 30, 2018		June 30, 2017
Beginning of period	$	4,391	$	11,387
Change in fair value of common stock warrants		(1,592)		14,576
Issuance of common stock warrants		—		4,905
Exercise of common stock warrants		—		(27,089)
End of period	$	2,799	$	3,779

Equity Instruments

The fair value measurement of the Company’s equity-classified common stock warrants further described in Note 11, Warrant Transaction Agreements, is determined by using Level 3 inputs due to the lack of active and observable markets that can be used to price identical instruments. 

Fair value of the equity-classified common stock warrants is based on the Monte Carlo pricing model which is based, in part, upon unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data, requiring the Company to develop its own assumptions.

The Company used the following assumptions for its equity-classified common stock warrants:

	Six months ended
	June 30, 2018	June 30, 2017
Risk-free interest rate	2.72% - 2.80%	2.36%
Volatility	85.00%	85.00%
Expected average term	8.76-9.30	9.76-10.00

The Monte Carlo pricing models used in the determination of the fair value of the equity-classified warrants also incorporate assumptions involving future revenues associated with Amazon and Walmart, and related timing.

The following table represents the fair value per warrant on the execution date of the transaction agreements and as of June 30, 2018:

		Amazon Warrant Shares		Walmart Warrant Shares
Issuance date - first tranche	$	1.15	$	1.88
As of vesting date - second tranche, first installment		2.16		—
As of period end - second tranche		1.71		1.56

15.  Commitments and Contingencies

Operating Leases

As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company has several non-cancelable operating leases (as lessor and as lessee), primarily associated with sale/leaseback transactions that are partially secured by restricted cash (see also Note 1) as summarized below.  These leases expire over the next six years. Minimum rent payments under operating leases are recognized on a straight‑line basis over the term of the lease.  Leases where the Company is the lessor contain termination clauses with associated penalties, the amount of which cause the likelihood of cancelation to be remote.

30

Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases (with initial or remaining lease terms in excess of one year) as of June 30, 2018 are (in thousands):

	As Lessor		As Lessee
Remainder of 2018	$	11,875	$	7,016
2019		23,619		12,914
2020		21,928		11,612
2021		17,336		7,032
2022		9,085		1,554
2023 and thereafter		8,621		2,290
Total future minimum lease payments	$	92,464	$	42,418

Rental expense for all operating leases was $3.6 million and $3.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.  Rental expense for all operating leases was $7.0 million and $6.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. 

At June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, prepaid rent and security deposits associated with sale/leaseback transactions were $11.1 million and $11.3 million, respectively.  At June 30, 2018,  $1.8 million of the amount is included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and $9.3 million was included in other assets on the unaudited interim consolidated balance sheet.  At December 31, 2017,  $1.8 million of this amount was included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and $9.5 million was included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet.

Finance Obligations

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company entered into sale/leaseback transactions, which were accounted for as capital leases and reported as part of finance obligations on the Company’s unaudited interim consolidated balance sheet.  In June 2018, the timing and amount of the lease payments from certain previous sale/leaseback transactions were modified to extend the due date.  The outstanding balance of finance obligations related to sale/leaseback transactions at June 30, 2018 was $64.6 million.  The fair value of the finance obligation approximates the carrying value as of  June 30, 2018.

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable capital leases related to sale/leaseback transactions (with initial or remaining lease terms in excess of one year) as of June 30, 2018 are (in thousands):

	Total		Imputed		Net Present
	Payments		Interest		Value
2018	$	25,528	$	3,322	$	22,206
2019		19,930		2,403		17,527
2020		6,042		1,800		4,242
2021		6,043		1,316		4,727
2022		4,296		705		3,591
2023 and thereafter		11,510		1,021		10,489
Total future minimum lease payments	$	73,349	$	10,567	$	62,782

In prior years, the Company received cash for future services to be performed associated with certain sale/leaseback transactions and recorded the balance as a finance obligation.  The outstanding balance of this obligation at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 is $9.2 million and $10.4 million, respectively.  The amount is amortized using the effective interest method.  The fair value of this finance obligation approximates the carrying value as of June 30, 2018.

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Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) (continued)

The Company has a capital lease associated with its property in Latham, New York.  Liabilities relating to this agreement of $2.2 million and $2.3 million have been recorded as a finance obligation, in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.  The fair value of this finance obligation approximates the carrying value as of June 30, 2018.

Restricted Cash

The Company has entered into sale/leaseback agreements associated with its products and services.  In connection with these agreements, cash of $39.4 million at June 30, 2018 is required to be restricted as security and will be released over the lease term. The Company has additional letters of credit backed by security deposits as disclosed in the Operating Leases section above.

The Company also has letters of credit in the aggregate amount of $1.0 million at June 30, 2018 associated with an agreement to provide hydrogen infrastructure and hydrogen to a customer at its distribution center and with a finance obligation from the sale/leaseback of its building.  Cash collateralizing these letters of credit is also considered restricted cash.

Litigation

Legal matters are defended and handled in the ordinary course of business.  The Company has established accruals for matters for which management considers a loss to be probable and reasonably estimable. It is the opinion of management that facts known at the present time do not indicate that such litigation, after taking into account insurance coverage and the aforementioned accruals, will have a material adverse impact on our results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.

Concentrations of credit risk

Concentrations of credit risk with respect to receivables exist due to the limited number of select customers with whom the Company has initial commercial sales arrangements. To mitigate credit risk, the Company performs appropriate evaluation of a prospective customer’s financial condition.

At June 30, 2018, three customers comprise approximately 81.5% of the total accounts receivable balance.  At December 31, 2017, three customers comprised approximately 59.0% of the total accounts receivable balance.

For the six months ended June 30, 2018, 66.2% of total consolidated revenues were associated primarily with two customers, respectively. For the three six months ended June 30, 2017, 71.3% of total consolidated revenues were associated primarily with two customers.

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Item 2 — Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included within this report, and our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.  In addition to historical information, this Form 10-Q and the following discussion contain statements that are not historical facts and are considered forward-looking within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. These forward-looking statements contain projections of our future results of operations or of our financial position or state other forward-looking information. In some cases you can identify these statements by forward-looking words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “continue,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “should,” “will,” “would,” “plan,” “projected” or the negative of such words or other similar words or phrases. We believe that it is important to communicate our future expectations to our investors. However, there may be events in the future that we are not able to accurately predict or control and that may cause our actual results to differ materially from the expectations we describe in our forward-looking statements. Investors are cautioned not to unduly rely on forward-looking statements because they involve risks and uncertainties, and actual results may differ materially from those discussed as a result of various factors, including, but not limited to: the risk that we continue to incur losses and anticipate continuing to incur losses; the risk that we will need to raise additional capital to fund our operations and such capital may not be available to us; our ability to obtain financing arrangements to support the sale or leasing of our products and services to customers; the ability to achieve the forecasted gross margin on the sale of our products; the volatility of our stock price; the risk that a sale of a significant number of shares of stock could depress the market price of our common stock; the risk that a loss of one or more of our major customers could result in a material adverse effect on our financial condition; the cost and availability of fuel and fueling infrastructures for our products; the risk of elimination of government subsidies and economic incentives for alternative energy products; the risk of potential losses related to any product liability claims or contract disputes; competitive factors, such as price competition and competition from other traditional and alternative energy companies; the cost and availability of components and parts for our products; our ability to establish and maintain relationships with third parties with respect to product development, manufacturing, distribution and servicing and the supply of key product components;  the risk that pending orders may not convert to purchase orders, in whole or in part; the risk that unit orders will not ship, be installed and/or converted to revenue, in whole or in part; the risks related to the use of flammable fuels in our products; our ability to protect our intellectual property; the risk that our lack of extensive experience in manufacturing and marketing products may impact our ability to manufacture and market products on a profitable and large‑scale commercial basis; the cost and timing of developing, marketing and selling our products and our ability to raise the necessary capital to fund such costs; market acceptance of our products and services, including GenDrive units; our ability to develop commercially viable products; our ability to reduce product and manufacturing costs; our ability to successfully market, distribute and service our products and services internationally; our ability to improve system reliability for our products; the risk of loss related to an inability to maintain an effective system of internal controls; our ability to attract and maintain key personnel; the risks associated with potential future acquisitions; the cost of complying with current and future federal, state and international governmental regulations; the risk the accounting method for convertible debt securities that may be settled in cash, such as the Convertible Senior Notes, could have a material effect on our reported financial results; the risk the convertible note hedges may affect the value of the Convertible Senior Notes and our common stock; the risk that we are subject to counterparty risk with respect to the convertible note hedge transactions and other risks and uncertainties discussed under Item IA—Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, as filed March 9, 2018.  Readers should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which the statements were made and are not guarantees of future performance. Except as may be required by applicable law, we do not undertake or intend to update any forward-looking statements after the date of this Form 10-Q.

Overview

Plug Power Inc., or the Company, is a leading provider of alternative energy technology focused on the design, development, commercialization and manufacture of hydrogen and fuel cell systems used primarily for the electric mobility and stationary power markets.  As part of the global drive to electrification, Plug Power has recently leveraged product proven in the material handling vehicle space to enter new, adjacent, electric vehicle markets, specifically electric delivery vans.

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We are focused on proton exchange membrane, or PEM, fuel cell and fuel processing technologies, fuel cell/battery hybrid technologies, and associated hydrogen storage and dispensing infrastructure from which multiple products are available. A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity and heat without combustion. Hydrogen is derived from hydrocarbon fuels such as liquid petroleum gas (LPG), propane, methanol, ethanol, gasoline or biofuels. Plug Power develops complete hydrogen generation, delivery, storage and refueling solutions for customer locations. Currently the Company obtains the majority of its hydrogen by purchasing it from fuel suppliers for resale to customers.

In our core business, we provide and continue to develop commercially-viable hydrogen and fuel cell product solutions to replace lead‑acid batteries in electric material handling vehicles and industrial trucks for some of the world’s largest retail-distribution and manufacturing businesses. We are focusing our efforts on industrial mobility applications (electric forklifts and electric industrial vehicles) at multi‑shift high volume manufacturing and high throughput distribution sites where our products and services provide a unique combination of productivity, flexibility and environmental benefits. Additionally, we manufacture and sell fuel cell products to replace batteries and diesel generators in stationary backup power applications. These products prove valuable with telecommunications, transportation and utility customers as robust, reliable and sustainable power solutions.

Our current products and services include:

GenDrive: GenDrive is our hydrogen fueled PEM fuel cell system providing power to material handling electric vehicles, including class 1, 2, 3 and 6 electric forklifts and ground support equipment;

GenFuel:  GenFuel is our hydrogen fueling delivery, generation, storage and dispensing systems;

GenCare: GenCare is our ongoing ‘internet of things’-based maintenance and on-site service program for GenDrive fuel cells, GenSure products, GenFuel products and ProGen engines;

GenSure:  GenSure is our stationary fuel cell solution providing scalable, modular PEM fuel cell power to support the backup and grid-support power requirements of the telecommunications, transportation, and utility sectors;

GenKey: GenKey is our turn-key solution combining either GenDrive or GenSure power with GenFuel fuel and GenCare aftermarket service, offering complete simplicity to customers transitioning to fuel cell power; and

ProGen:  ProGen is our fuel cell stack and engine technology currently used globally in mobility and stationary fuel cell systems, and as engines in electric delivery vans;

We provide our products worldwide through our direct product sales force, and by leveraging relationships with original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs, and their dealer networks. We manufacture our commercially-viable products in Latham, NY.

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Results of Operations

Revenue, cost of revenue, gross (loss)/profit and gross margin for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, were as follows (in thousands):

		Three Months Ended								Six Months Ended
		June 30,								June 30,
		Net	Cost of		Gross		Gross			Net	Cost of		Gross		Gross
	Revenue		Revenue		(Loss)/Profit		Margin		Revenue		Revenue		(Loss)/Profit		Margin
For the period ended June 30, 2018:
Sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure	$	20,622	$	15,377	$	5,245	25.4	%	$	32,080	$	25,499	$	6,581	20.5	%
Services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure		7,188		7,125		63	0.9	%		13,786		13,995		(209)	(1.5)	%
Power Purchase Agreements		5,629		9,393		(3,764)	(66.9)	%		11,118		17,684		(6,566)	(59.1)	%
Fuel delivered to customers		6,488		6,421		67	1.0	%		12,023		12,317		(294)	(2.4)	%
Provision for common stock warrants		(3,921)		—		(3,921)	—			(5,806)		—		(5,806)	—
Total	$	36,006	$	38,316	$	(2,310)	(6.4)	%	$	63,201	$	69,495	$	(6,294)	(10.0)	%
For the period ended June 30, 2017:
Sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure	$	8,560	$	6,441	$	2,119	24.8	%	$	10,757	$	8,727	$	2,030	18.9	%
Services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure		5,049		5,068		(19)	(0.4)	%		10,198		11,634		(1,436)	(14.1)	%
Power Purchase Agreements		4,945		7,450		(2,505)	(50.7)	%		9,256		14,065		(4,809)	(52.0)	%
Fuel delivered to customers		3,986		5,303		(1,317)	(33.0)	%		7,477		9,452		(1,975)	(26.4)	%
Other		64		65		(1)	(1.6)	%		151		163		(12)	(7.9)	%
Provision for common stock warrants		(1,820)		—		(1,820)	—			(1,820)		—		(1,820)	—
Total	$	20,784	$	24,327	$	(3,543)	(17.0)	%	$	36,019	$	44,041	$	(8,022)	(22.3)	%

Our primary sources of revenue are from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure, services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure, Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs), and fuel delivered to customers.  Revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure represents sales of our GenDrive units, GenSure stationary backup power units, as well as hydrogen fueling infrastructure. Revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure represents revenue earned on our service and maintenance contracts and sales of spare parts.  Revenue from PPAs primarily represents payments received from customers who make monthly payments to access the Company’s GenKey solution.  Revenue associated with fuel delivered to customers represents the sale of hydrogen to customers that has been purchased by the Company from a third party or generated on site.

Revenue –sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure.  Revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure represents revenue from the sale of our fuel cells, such as GenDrive units and GenSure stationary backup power units, as well as hydrogen fueling infrastructure referred to at the site level as hydrogen installations.

Revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the three months ended June 30, 2018 increased $12.1 million, or 140.9%, to $20.6 million from $8.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017.  The main drivers for the increased revenue were increases in GenDrive deployment volume and infrastructure sites, as well as mix of fuel cells versus infrastructure. There were 822 units recognized as revenue during the three months ended June 30, 2018, compared to 307 for the three months ended June 30, 2017. An additional 280 units were shipped in 2018 and held as leased assets. As such, the Company will recognize revenue on these units over the life of the related PPA under

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“Power Purchase Agreements” in the unaudited interim Consolidated Statement of Operations.  Four hydrogen installations during the three months ended June 30, 2018, were recognized as revenue, compared to two during the three months ended June 30, 2017.  In addition, two additional sites were constructed and held as leased property during the three months ended June 30, 2018. 

Revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the six months ended June 30, 2018 increased $21.3 million, or 198.2%, to $32.1 million from $10.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017.  The main drivers for the increased revenue were increases in GenDrive deployment volume and infrastructure sites, as well as mix of fuel cells versus infrastructure. There were 1,126 units recognized as revenue during the six months ended June 30, 2018, compared to 341 for the six months ended June 30, 2017. An additional 323 units were shipped in 2018 and held as leased assets. As such, the Company will recognize revenue on these units over the life of the related PPA under “Power Purchase Agreements” in the unaudited interim Consolidated Statement of Operations.  Seven hydrogen installations during the six months ended June 30, 2018 were recognized as revenue, compared to two during the six months ended June 30, 2017.  In addition, two additional sites were constructed and held as leased property during the six months ended June 30, 2018.

Revenue – services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure.  Revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure represents revenue earned on our service and maintenance contracts and sales of spare parts.  At June 30, 2018, there were 12,095 fuel cell units and 47 hydrogen installations under extended maintenance contracts, an increase from 8,772 fuel cell units and 32 hydrogen installations at June 30, 2017, respectively.

Revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the three months ended June 30, 2018 increased $2.1 million, or 42.4%, to $7.2 million from $5.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017. The increase in service revenues was due to the increase in units under service contracts.  The average number of units under extended maintenance contracts during the three months ended June 30, 2018 was 11,643, compared to 8,795 during the three months ended June 30, 2017.  This 32.4% increase in average units serviced throughout the three months corresponds with the increase in revenue, as compared to the prior year period. 

Revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the six months ended June 30, 2018 increased $3.6 million, or 35.2%, to $13.8 million from $10.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017. The increase in service revenues was due to the increase in units under service contracts.  The average number of units under extended maintenance contracts during the six months ended June 30, 2018 was 11,696, compared to 8,861 during the six months ended June 30, 2017.  This 32.0% increase in average units serviced throughout the six months corresponds with the increase in revenue, as compared to the prior year period.

Revenue – Power Purchase Agreements.  Revenue from PPAs represents payments received from customers for power generated through the provision of equipment and service.  The equipment and service can be associated with sale/leaseback transactions in which the Company sells fuel cell systems and related infrastructure to a third-party, leases them back and operates them at customers’ locations who are parties to PPAs with the Company.  Alternatively, the Company can retain the equipment as leased property and provide it to customers under PPAs.  At June 30, 2018, there were 35 GenKey sites associated with PPAs, as compared to 29 at June 30, 2017.

Revenue from Power Purchase Agreements for the three months ended June 30, 2018 increased $0.7 million, or 13.8%, to $5.6 million from $4.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017. The increase is due to the increased number of sites the Company has deployed with these types of arrangements. The average number of sites under PPA arrangements was 34 in the second quarter of 2018, as compared to 28 in 2017.  This 21.4% increase in average sites under PPAs throughout the three months corresponds with the increase in revenue, as compared to the prior year period.

Revenue from Power Purchase Agreements for the six months ended June 30, 2018 increased $1.9 million, or 20.1%, to $11.1 million from $9.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017. The increase is due to the increased number of sites the Company has deployed with these types of arrangements. The average number of sites under PPA arrangements was 34 for the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to 27 for the six months ended June 30, 2017.  This 25.9% increase in average sites under PPAs throughout the six months corresponds with the increase in revenue, as compared to the prior year period.

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Revenue – fuel delivered to customers.  Revenue associated with fuel delivered to customers represents the sale of hydrogen to customers that has been purchased by the Company from a third party.  As part of the GenKey solution, the Company contracts with fuel suppliers to purchase liquid hydrogen, which is then sold to its customers.  At June 30, 2018, there were 67 sites associated with fuel contracts, as compared to 46 at June 30, 2017.  The sites generally are the same as those which had purchased hydrogen installations within the GenKey solution.

Revenue associated with fuel delivered to customers for the three months ended June 30, 2018 increased $2.5 million, or 62.8%, to $6.5 million from $4.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017. The increase in revenue is due to an increase in sites taking fuel deliveries in 2018, compared to 2017, as well as increases in fuel prices.  The average number of sites receiving fuel deliveries was 64 during the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to 44 during the three months ended June 30, 2017.  This 45.5% increase in average sites with molecule delivery throughout the three months corresponds with the increase in revenue and price increases, as compared to the prior year period.

Revenue associated with fuel delivered to customers for the six months ended June 30, 2018 increased $4.5 million, or 60.8%, to $12.0 million from $7.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017. The increase in revenue is due to an increase in sites taking fuel deliveries in 2018, compared to 2017, as well as increases in fuel prices.  The average number of sites receiving fuel deliveries was 63 during the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to 43 during the six months ended June 30, 2017.  This 46.5% increase in average sites with molecule delivery throughout the six months corresponds with the increase in revenue and price increases, as compared to the prior year period.

Revenue –other.  Other revenue primarily represents cost reimbursement research and development contracts associated with the development of PEM fuel cell technology. We generally share in the cost of these programs with our cost‑sharing percentages ranging from 30% to 50% of total project costs. Revenue from time and material contracts is recognized on the basis of hours expended plus other reimbursable contract costs incurred during the period. We expect to continue certain research and development contract work that is related to our current product development efforts. Other miscellaneous revenue is recognized from time to time.

Other revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 decreased $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively, or 100.0%, to zero, as compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2017.  During the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company had no contract research & development activities, compared to a small amount of activity during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017.

Revenue – provision for common stock warrants.  In 2017, in separate transactions, the Company issued to each of Amazon.com, Inc. (“Amazon”) and Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (“Walmart”) warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock.  The Company records a portion of the estimated fair value of the warrants as a reduction of revenue based upon the projected number of shares of common stock expected to vest under the warrants, theproportion of purchases by Amazon, Walmart and their affiliates within the period relative to the aggregate purchase levels required for vesting of the respective warrants, and the then-current fair value of the warrants. The amount of provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue during the three months ended June 30, 2018 was $3.9 million, compared to $1.8 million during the three months ended June 30, 2017.  The amount of provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue during the six months ended June 30, 2018 was $5.8 million, compared to $1.8 million during the six months ended June 30, 2017.  The increases in the amount of provision are due to the timing of when the transactions occurred during 2017 and the level of revenue generated during the respective periods.     

Cost of revenue – sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure.  Cost of revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure includes direct materials, labor costs, and allocated overhead costs related to the manufacture of our fuel cells such as GenDrive units and GenSure stationary backup power units, as well as hydrogen fueling infrastructure referred to at the site level as hydrogen installations.

Cost of revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the three months ended June 30, 2018 increased 138.7%, or $8.9 million, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017, driven by the previously stated greater number of units and infrastructure sites recognized as revenue.  Gross margin generated from sales of fuel

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cell systems and related infrastructure was 25.4% for the three months ended June 30, 2018, relatively consistent with 24.8% for the three months ended June 30, 2017.  

Cost of revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the six months ended June 30, 2018 increased 192.2%, or $16.8 million, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017, driven by the previously stated greater number of units and infrastructure sites recognized as revenue.  Gross margin generated from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure was 20.5% for the six months ended June 30, 2018, relatively consistent with 18.9% for the six months ended June 30, 2017.

Cost of revenue – services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure. Cost of revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure includes the labor, material costs and allocated overhead costs incurred for our product service and hydrogen site maintenance contracts and spare parts.  At June 30, 2018, there were 12,095 fuel cell units and 47 hydrogen installations under extended maintenance contracts, an increase from 8,772 fuel cell units and 32 hydrogen installations at June 30, 2017, respectively.  

Cost of revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the three months ended June 30, 2018 increased 40.6%, or $2.1 million, to $7.1 million, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017 of $5.1 million.  Gross margin was relatively consistent at 0.9% for the three months ended June 30, 2018, compared to (0.4%) for the three months ended June 30, 2017. 

Cost of revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure for the six months ended June 30, 2018 increased 20.3%, or $2.4 million, to $14.0 million, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017 of $11.6 million.  Gross margin improved to (1.5%) for the six months ended June 30, 2018, from (14.1%) for the six months ended June 30, 2017.  The improvement in gross margin is due to reductions in costs seen earlier in the year from changes in product configuration, as compared to early 2017, and improved leverage as the number of units in the field increases.       

Cost of revenue – Power Purchase Agreements.  Cost of revenue from PPAs includes payments made to financial institutions for leased equipment and service used to fulfill the PPAs, and depreciation of leased property.  Leased units are associated with sale/leaseback transactions in which the Company sells fuel cell systems and related infrastructure to a third-party, leases them back, and operates them at customers’ locations who are parties to PPAs with the Company.  Alternatively, the Company can hold the equipment for investment and recognize the depreciation and service cost of the assets as cost of revenue from PPAs.  At June 30, 2018, there were 35 GenKey sites associated with PPAs, as compared to 29 at June 30, 2017.

Cost of revenue from Power Purchase Agreements for the three months ended June 30, 2018 increased $1.9 million, or 26.1%, to $9.4 million from $7.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017. The increase was a result of the increase in the number of customer sites party to these agreements. Gross margin declined to (66.9%) for the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to (50.7%) for the three months ended June 30, 2017 primarily due to an increase in the number of sites accounted for as capital leases (which include depreciation of capitalized leased asset costs and maintenance costs), relative to operating leases.

Cost of revenue from Power Purchase Agreements for the six months ended June 30, 2018 increased $3.6 million, or 25.7%, to $17.7 million from $14.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017. The increase was a result of the increase in the number of customer sites party to these agreements. Gross margin declined to (59.1%) for the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to (52.0%) for the six months ended June 30, 2017 primarily due to an increase in the number of sites accounted for as capital leases (which include depreciation of capitalized leased asset costs and maintenance costs), relative to operating leases.

Cost of revenue – fuel delivered to customers.  Cost of revenue from fuel delivered to customers represents the purchase of hydrogen from suppliers that ultimately is sold to customers.  As part of the GenKey solution, the Company contracts with fuel suppliers to purchase liquid hydrogen and separately sells to its customers when delivered or dispensed.  At June 30, 2018, there were 67 sites associated with fuel contracts, as compared to 46 at June 30, 2017.  The sites generally are the same as those which had purchased hydrogen installations within the GenKey solution.

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Cost of revenue from fuel delivered to customers for the three months ended June 30, 2018 increased $1.1 million, or 21.1%, to $6.4 million from $5.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017.  The increase is due primarily to higher volume of liquid hydrogen delivered to customer sites, as a result of an increase in the number of hydrogen installations completed under GenKey agreements and higher fuel costs.  Gross margin improved to 1.0% during the three months ended June 30, 2018, compared to (33.0%) during the three months ended June 30, 2017 due to pricing mix and improvements in efficiencies from changes in system design.  

Cost of revenue from fuel delivered to customers for the six months ended June 30, 2018 increased $2.9 million, or 30.3%, to $12.3 million from $9.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017.  The increase is due primarily to higher volume of liquid hydrogen delivered to customer sites, as a result of an increase in the number of hydrogen installations completed under GenKey agreements and higher fuel costs.  Gross margin percent improved to (2.4)% during the six months ended June 30, 2018, compared to (26.4%) during the six months ended June 30, 2017 due to pricing mix and improvements in efficiencies from changes in system design.

Cost of revenue – other.  Other cost of revenue primarily represents costs associated with research and development contracts including: cash and non-cash compensation and benefits for engineering and related support staff, fees paid to outside suppliers for subcontracted components and services, fees paid to consultants for services provided, materials and supplies used and other directly allocable general overhead costs allocated to specific research and development contracts.

Cost of other revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 decreased $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively, or 100.0%, to zero, compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2017.  During the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company had no contract research & development activities, compared to a small amount of activity during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017.

Research and development expense. Research and development expense includes: materials to build development and prototype units, cash and non-cash compensation and benefits for the engineering and related staff, expenses for contract engineers, fees paid to consultants for services provided, materials and supplies consumed, facility related costs such as computer and network services, and other general overhead costs associated with our research and development activities.

Research and development expense for the three months ended June 30, 2018 increased $1.8 million, or 27.2% to $8.4 million, from $6.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017.  The increase was primarily related to an increase in programs associated with improving product reliability to reduce ongoing service costs. 

Research and development expense for the six months ended June 30, 2018 increased $4.5 million, or 35.3% to $17.1 million, from $12.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017.  The increase was primarily related to an increase in programs associated with improving product reliability to reduce ongoing service costs.

Selling, general and administrative expenses.  Selling, general and administrative expenses includes cash and non-cash compensation, benefits, amortization of intangible assets and related costs in support of our general corporate functions, including general management, finance and accounting, human resources, selling and marketing, information technology and legal services.

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2018, decreased $5.7 million, or 31.6%, to $12.2 million from $17.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017.  This decrease is primarily due to warrant related charges in 2017 of $7.1 million that did not recur, offset by costs associated with investigating an accident at a customer site of $2.6 million. 

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2018, decreased $6.5 million, or 24.0%, to $20.6 million from $27.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017.  This decrease is primarily due to warrant related charges in 2017 of $7.1 million that did not recur and decreases in salaries, benefits, incentive compensation and other bonuses, due to a reduction in headcount, offset by costs associated with investigating an accident at a customer site of $2.6 million. 

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Interest and other expense (income), net. Interest and other expense, net consists of interest and other expenses related to our long-term debt, convertible senior notes, obligations under capital lease and our finance obligations, as well as foreign currency exchange losses, offset by interest and other income consisting primarily of interest earned on our cash and cash equivalents, foreign currency exchange gains and other income. The Company has a series of capital leases with Generate Lending LLC and Wells Fargo and a loan and security agreement with NY Green Bank.  In 2018, the Company issued convertible senior notes in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A unter the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

Net interest and other expense for the three months ended June 30, 2018 increased $3.9 million, or 172.6%, as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2017. The increase is relatively consistent with increase in interest bearing liabilities and includes the amortization of the discount on convertible senior notes, which has increased the average effective rate. 

Net interest and other expense for the six months ended June 30, 2018 increased $4.9 million, or 110.6%, as compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017. The increase is relatively consistent with increase in interest bearing liabilities and includes the amortization of the discount on convertible senior notes. 

Change in fair value of common stock warrant liability. The Company accounts for common stock warrants as common stock warrant liability with changes in the fair value reflected in the consolidated statement of operations as change in the fair value of common stock warrant liability.

The change in fair value of common stock warrant liability for the three months ended June 30, 2018 resulted in a decrease in the associated warrant liability of $0.3 million as compared to an increase of $12.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017.  These variances are primarily due to changes in the average remaining term, the Company’s common stock share price, and changes in volatility of our common stock, which are significant inputs to the Black-Scholes valuation model.

The change in fair value of common stock warrant liability for the six months ended June 30, 2018 resulted in a decrease in the associated warrant liability of $1.6 million as compared to an increase of $14.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017.  These variances are primarily due to changes in the average remaining term, the Company’s common stock share price, and changes in volatility of our common stock, which are significant inputs to the Black-Scholes valuation model.

Income taxes. The Company recognized an income tax benefit in the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 of $2.9 million and $5.9 million, respectively, as a result of the intraperiod tax allocation rules under ASC Topic 740-20, Intraperiod Tax Allocation, under which the Company recognized a benefit for current losses as a result of an entry to additional paid-in capital related to the issuance of the Convertible Senior Notes. The Company has not changed its overall conclusion with respect to the need for a valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets, which remain fully reserved.

The remaining net deferred tax asset generated from our net operating loss has been offset by a full valuation allowance because it is more likely than not that the tax benefits of the net operating loss carry forward will not be realized. The Company also recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits, if any, as a component of income tax expense.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our cash requirements relate primarily to working capital needed to operate and grow our business, including funding operating expenses, growth in inventory to support both shipments of new units and servicing the installed base, growth in equipment leased to customers under long-term arrangements, funding the growth in our GenKey “turn-key” solution, which includes the installation of our customers’ hydrogen infrastructure as well as delivery of the hydrogen fuel,  continued development and expansion of our products, payment of lease/financing obligations under sale/leaseback financings, and the repayment or refinancing of our long-term debt. Our ability to achieve profitability and meet future liquidity needs and capital requirements will depend upon numerous factors, including the timing and quantity of product

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orders and shipments; attaining and expanding positive gross margins across all product lines; the timing and amount of our operating expenses; the timing and costs of working capital needs; the timing and costs of building a sales base; the ability of our customers to obtain financing to support commercial transactions; our ability to obtain financing arrangements to support the sale or leasing of our products and services to customers and to repay or refinance our long-term debt, and the terms of such agreements that may require us to pledge or restrict substantial amounts of our cash to support these financing arrangements; the timing and costs of developing marketing and distribution channels; the timing and costs of product service requirements; the timing and costs of hiring and training product staff; the extent to which our products gain market acceptance; the timing and costs of product development and introductions; the extent of our ongoing and new research and development programs; and changes in our strategy or our planned activities. If we are unable to fund our operations with positive cash flows and cannot obtain external financing, we may not be able to sustain future operations.  As a result, we may be required to delay, reduce and/or cease our operations and/or seek bankruptcy protection.

We have experienced and continue to experience negative cash flows from operations and net losses.  The Company incurred net losses attributable to common shareholders of $45.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and $130.2 million, $57.6 million, and $55.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively, and has an accumulated deficit of $1.2 billion at June 30, 2018.

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, cash used in operating activities was $45.2 million, consisting primarily of a net loss attributable to the Company of $45.7 million and net outflows from fluctuations in working capital and other assets and liabilities of $10.7 million, offset by the impact of noncash charges/gains of $11.2 million. The changes in working capital primarily were related to an increase in accounts receivable and a decrease in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities, offset by decreases in inventory, prepaid expenses and other current assets and an increase in deferred revenue. As of June 30, 2018, we had cash and cash equivalents of $15.0 million and net working capital of $8.2 million. By comparison, at December 31, 2017, we had cash and cash equivalents of $24.8 million and net working capital of $3.9 million.

Net cash used in investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2018, totaled $16.4 million and included purchases of property, plant and equipment and outflows associated with materials, labor, and overhead necessary to construct new leased property. Cash outflows related to equipment that we sell and equipment we lease directly to customers are included in net cash used in operating activities and net cash used in investing activities, respectively. Net cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2018 totaled $48.9 million and primarily resulted from net proceeds of $52.4 million from the issuance of Convertible Senior Notes, net of purchases of a capped call and a common stock forward, and a $2.2 million increase in finance obligations, offset by $5.7 million of principal payments on long-term debt.

In March 2018, we issued $100.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes due in 2023 (Convertible Senior Notes). The total net proceeds from this offering, after considering costs of the issuance, were approximately $96.1 million. Approximately $43.5 million of the proceeds were used for the cost of a capped call and a common stock forward, both of which are hedges related to the Convertible Senior Notes. The remaining net proceeds from the Convertible Senior Notes will be used for general corporate purposes, including working capital.

The Company enters into sale/leaseback agreements with various financial institutions to facilitate the Company’s commercial transactions with key customers. The Company sells certain fuel cell systems and hydrogen infrastructure to the financial institutions, and leases the equipment back to support certain customer locations and to fulfill its varied PPAs.  In connection with certain past operating leases, the financial institutions required the Company to maintain cash balances in restricted accounts securing the Company’s lease obligations. Cash received from customers under the PPAs is used to make lease payments.  As the Company performs under these agreements, the required restricted cash balances are released, according to a set schedule. The total remaining lease payments to financial institutions under these agreements was $28.2 million, which has been fully secured with restricted cash and pledged service escrows.

The Company has an amended and restated master lease agreement with Wells Fargo (Wells Fargo MLA) to finance the Company’s commercial transactions with Wal-Mart Stores Inc. (Walmart).  Pursuant to the Wells Fargo MLA, the Company sells fuel cell systems and hydrogen infrastructure to Wells Fargo and then leases them back and operates them at Walmart sites under lease agreements with Walmart.  The total remaining lease payments to Wells Fargo was

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$24.8 million at June 30, 2018.  Additionally, the Company completed financings in August 2018 of approximately $16.0 million.  The Wells Fargo MLA requires the Company to maintain restricted cash for the portion of the transaction that related to the applicable investment tax credit.

We have historically funded our operations primarily through public and private offerings of common and preferred stock, as well as short-term borrowings, long-term debt and project financing, and recently with Convertible Senior Notes.  The Company believes that its current working capital and cash anticipated to be generated from future operations, as well as borrowings from lending and project financing sources and proceeds from equity offerings, will provide sufficient liquidity to fund operations for at least one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. There is no guarantee that future funding will be available if and when required or at terms acceptable to the Company.  This projection is based on our current expectations regarding new project financing and product sales and service, cost structure, cash burn rate and other operating assumptions. Additionally, the Company has other capital sources available, including the At Market Issuance Sales Agreement.

Several key indicators of liquidity are summarized in the following table (in thousands):

	Six months		Year
	ended or at		ended or at
	June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	15,035	$	24,828
Restricted cash at end of period		40,387		43,227
Working capital at end of period		8,194		3,886
Net loss attributable to common shareholders		45,729		130,178
Net cash used in operating activities		45,179		60,182
Purchases of property, plant and equipment and leased property		15,481		44,363
Net cash provided by financing activities		48,942		71,616

Long-Term Debt

On December 23, 2016, the Company, and its subsidiaries Emerging Power Inc. and Emergent Power Inc. entered into a loan and security agreement with NY Green Bank, a Division of the New York State Energy Research & Development Authority (NY Green Bank), pursuant to which NY Green Bank made available to the Company a secured term loan facility in the amount of $25.0 million (Term Loan Facility), subject to certain terms and conditions.  The Company borrowed $25.0 million upon closing and incurred costs of $1.2 million.  On July 21, 2017, the Company and NY Green Bank entered into an amendment to the Term Loan Facility, which among other things, provided for an additional $20.0 million term loan, increasing the size of the total commitment to $45.0 million, amended the interest rate, prepayment penalty (for any prepayment in the calendar year 2017 or 2018, a prepayment charge equal to 7.5% of the advance amount being prepaid will apply) and product deployment and employment targets.  As with the existing facility, the up-sized facility will be repaid primarily as the Company’s various restricted cash balances are released over the term of the facility. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company borrowed the additional $20.0 million of working capital financing and incurred closing costs of $0.5 million. In June 2018, the timing and amount of the remaining principal payments were modified. At June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the outstanding principal balance under the Term Loan Facility was $27.3 million and $32.8 million, respectively.  The fair value of the Term Loan Facility approximates the carrying value as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, due to the variable interest rate of the Term Loan Facility. 

Advances under the Term Loan Facility bear interest at a rate equal to the sum of the LIBOR rate for the applicable interest period, plus applicable margin of 9.5%. The interest rate at June 30, 2018 and 2017 was approximately 11.8% and 11.2%, respectively.  The term of the loan is three years, with a maturity date of December 23, 2019.  As of June 30, 2018, estimated remaining principal payments will be approximately $10.2 million and $17.1 million during the years ending December 31, 2018, and 2019, respectively.  These payments will be funded in part by restricted cash released.

Interest and a varying portion of the principal amount is payable on a quarterly basis and the entire then outstanding principal balance of the Term Loan Facility, together with all accrued and unpaid interest, is due and payable

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on the maturity date.  On the maturity date, the Company may also be required to pay additional fees of up to $1.8 million if the Company is unable to meet certain goals related to the deployment of fuel cell systems in the State of New York and increasing the Company’s number of full-time employees in the State of New York.  The Company currently believes that it will meet those goals.

The Term Loan Facility is secured by substantially all of the Company’s and the guarantor subsidiaries’ assets, including, among other assets, all intellectual property, all securities in domestic subsidiaries and 65% of the securities in foreign subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions and exclusions.

The Term Loan Facility contains covenants, including, among others, (i) the provision of annual and quarterly financial statements, management rights and insurance policies and (ii) restrictions on incurring debt, granting liens, making acquisitions, making loans, paying dividends, dissolving, and entering into leases and asset sales.  The Term Loan Facility also provides for events of default, including, among others, payment, bankruptcy, covenant, representation and warranty, change of control, judgment and material adverse effect defaults at the discretion of the lender.

The Term Loan Facility provides that if there is an event of default due to the Company’s insolvency or if the Company fails to perform, in any material respect, the servicing requirements for fuel cell systems under certain customer agreements, which failure would entitle the customer to terminate such customer agreement, replace the Company or withhold the payment of any material amount to the Company under such customer agreement, then the NY Green Bank has the right to cause a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company to replace the Company in performing the maintenance services under such customer agreement.

Convertible Senior Notes

In March 2018, the Company issued $100.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes due on March 15, 2023, in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.  There are no required principal payments prior to maturity of the Convertible Senior Notes. The total net proceeds from the Convertible Senior Notes are as follows:

	Amount
	(in thousands)
Principal amount	$	100,000
Less initial purchasers' discount		(3,250)
Less cost of related capped call and common stock forward		(43,500)
Less other issuance costs		(894)
Net proceeds	$	52,356

The Convertible Senior Notes bear interest at 5.5%, payable semi-annually in cash on March 15 and September 15 of each year.  The Convertible Senior Notes will mature on March 15, 2023, unless earlier converted or repurchased in accordance with their terms. The Convertible Senior Notes are unsecured and do not contain any financial covenants or any restrictions on the payment of dividends, or the issuance or repurchase of common stock by the Company.

Each $1,000 of principal of the Convertible Senior Notes will initially be convertible into 436.3002 shares of the Company’s common stock, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $2.29 per share, subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of specified events.  Holders of these Convertible Senior Notes may convert their Convertible Senior Notes at their option at any time prior to the close of the last business day immediately preceding September 15, 2022, only under the following circumstances:

1) during any fiscal quarter commencing after the fiscal quarter ending on June 30, 2018 (and only during such fiscal quarter), if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day;

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2) during the five business day period after any five consecutive trading day period (the “measurement period”) in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock and the conversion rate for the notes on each such trading day; or

3) upon the occurrence of certain specified corporate events, such as a beneficial owner acquiring more then 50% of the total voting power of the Company’s common stock, recapitalization of the Company, dissolution or liquidation of the Company, or the Company’s common stock ceases to be listed on an active market exchange.

On or after September 15, 2022, holders may convert all or any portion of their Convertible Senior Notes at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date regardless of the foregoing conditions.

Upon conversion of the Convertible Senior Notes, the Company will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock, at the Company’s election.  While the Company plans to settle the principal amount of the Convertible Senior Notes in cash subject to available funding at time of settlement, we currently use the if-converted method for calculating any potential dilutive effect of the conversion option on diluted net income per share, subject to meeting the criteria for using the treasury stock method in future periods.

The conversion rate will be subject to adjustment in some events but will not be adjusted for any accrued or unpaid interest. A holder who converts their Convertible Senior Notes in connection with certain corporate events that constitute a “make-whole fundamental change” per the indenture governing the Convertible Senior Notes are, under certain circumstances, entitled to an increase in the conversion rate. In addition, if the Company undergoes a fundamental change prior to the maturity date, holders may require the Company to repurchase for cash all or a portion of its Convertible Senior Notes at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the repurchased Convertible Senior Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest.

The Company may not redeem the Convertible Senior Notes prior to the maturity date, and no sinking fund is provided for the Convertible Senior Notes.

In accounting for the issuance of the Convertible Senior Notes, the Company separated the Convertible Senior Notes into liability and equity components. The initial carrying amount of the liability component of approximately $58.2 million, net of costs incurred, was calculated by measuring the fair value of a similar liability that does not have an associated convertible feature. The carrying amount of the equity component of approximately $37.7 million, net of costs incurred, representing the conversion option, was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the par value of the Convertible Senior Notes. The difference between the principal amount of the Convertible Senior Notes and the liability component (the “debt discount”) is amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the Convertible Senior Notes.  The effective interest rate is approximately 16.0%. The equity component of the Convertible Senior Notes is included in additional paid-in capital in the consolidated balance sheet and is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification.

We incurred transaction costs related to the issuance of the Convertible Senior Notes of approximately $4.1 million, consisting of initial purchasers' discount of $3.3 million and other issuance costs of approximately $0.8 million. In accounting for the transaction costs, we allocated the total amount incurred to the liability and equity components using the same proportions as the proceeds from the Convertible Senior Notes. Transaction costs attributable to the liability component were approximately $2.4 million, were recorded as debt issuance cost (presented as contra debt in the unaudited interim consolidated balance sheet) and are being amortized to interest expense over the term of the Convertible Senior Notes. The transaction costs attributable to the equity component were approximately $1.7 million and were netted with the equity component in stockholders’ equity.

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The Convertible Senior Notes consisted of the following:

Principal amounts:	At June 30, 2018
Principal	$	100,000
Unamortized debt discount (1)		(37,900)
Unamortized debt issuance costs (1)		(2,288)
Net carrying amount	$	59,812
Carrying amount of the equity component (2)	$	37,702

1) Included in the unaudited interim consolidated balance sheet within Convertible Senior Notes, net and amortized over the remaining life of the Convertible senior notes using the effective interest rate method.

2) Included in the unaudited interim consolidated balance sheet within additional paid-in capital, net of $1.7 million in equity issuance costs and associated income tax benefit.

As of June 30, 2018, the remaining life of the Convertible Senior Notes is approximately 57 months.

Based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock of  $2.02 on June 30, 2018, the if-converted value of the Convertible Senior Notes was less than the principal amount.

Capped Call

In conjunction with the issuance of the Convertible Senior Notes, the Company entered into capped call options (Capped Call) on the Company’s stock with certain counterparties at a price of $16.0 million. The net cost incurred in connection with the Capped Call has been recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital in the unaudited interim consolidated balance sheet.

The Capped Call is generally expected to reduce or offset the potential dilution to the Company’s common stock upon any conversion of the Convertible Senior Notes and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted Convertible Senior Notes, as the case may be, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap based on the cap price. The cap price of the capped call transactions will initially be $3.82 per share, which represents a premium of 100% over the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock of $1.91 per share on the date of the transaction, and is subject to certain adjustments under the terms of the Capped Call. The Capped Call becomes exercisable if the conversion option is exercised.

By entering into the Capped Call, the Company expects to reduce the potential dilution to its common stock (or, in the event the conversion is settled in cash, to provide a source of cash to settle a portion of its cash payment obligation) in the event that at the time of conversion its stock price exceeds the conversion price under the Convertible Senior Notes.

Common Stock Forward

In connection with the sale of the Convertible Senior Notes, the Company also entered into a forward stock purchase transaction (Common Stock Forward), pursuant to which the Company agreed to purchase 14,397,906 shares of its common stock for settlement on or about March 15, 2023. The number of shares of common stock that the Company will ultimately repurchase under the Common Stock Forward is subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments. The Common Stock Forward is subject to early settlement or settlement with alternative consideration in the event of certain corporate transactions.

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The net cost incurred in connection with the Common Stock Forward of $27.5 million has been recorded as an increase in treasury stock in the unaudited interim consolidated balance sheet.  The related shares were accounted for as a repurchase of common stock.

The fair values of the Capped Call and Common Stock Forward are not remeasured each reporting period. 

At Market Issuance Sales Agreement

On April 3, 2017, the Company entered into an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with FBR Capital Markets & Co., as sales agent (“FBR”), pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time through FBR, shares of common stock par value $0.01 per share having an aggregate offering price of up to $75.0 million.  The Company has raised $23.0 million to date. Under the Sales Agreement, in no event shall the Company issue or sell through FBR such a number of shares that exceeds the number of shares or dollar amount of common stock registered. During the six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company did not offer any shares pursuant to the Sales Agreement.

Operating Leases

As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company has several non-cancelable operating leases (as lessor and as lessee), primarily associated with sale/leaseback transactions that are partially secured by restricted cash as summarized below.  These leases expire over the next six years. Minimum rent payments under operating leases are recognized on a straight‑line basis over the term of the lease.  Leases where the Company is the lessor contain termination clauses with associated penalties, the amount of which cause the likelihood of cancelation to be remote.

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases (with initial or remaining lease terms in excess of one year) as of June 30, 2018 are (in thousands):

	As Lessor		As Lessee
Remainder of 2018	$	11,875	$	7,016
2019		23,619		12,914
2020		21,928		11,612
2021		17,336		7,032
2022		9,085		1,554
2023 and thereafter		8,621		2,290
Total future minimum lease payments	$	92,464	$	42,418

Finance Obligations

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company entered into sale/leaseback transactions, which were accounted for as capital leases and reported as part of finance obligations on the Company’s unaudited interim consolidated balance sheet.  In June 2018, the timing and amount of the lease payments from certain previous sale/leaseback transactions were modified to extend the due date. The outstanding balance of finance obligations related to sale/leaseback transactions at June 30, 2018 was $64.6 million.  The fair value of the finance obligation approximates the carrying value as of  June 30, 2018.

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable capital leases related to sale/leaseback transactions (with initial or remaining lease terms in excess of one year) as of June 30, 2018 are (in thousands):

	Total		Imputed		Net Present
	Payments		Interest		Value
2018	$	25,528	$	3,322	$	22,206
2019		19,930		2,403		17,527
2020		6,042		1,800		4,242
2021		6,043		1,316		4,727

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2022		4,296		705		3,591
2023 and thereafter		11,510		1,021		10,489
Total future minimum lease payments	$	73,349	$	10,567	$	62,782

In prior years, the Company received cash for future services to be performed associated with certain sale/leaseback transactions and recorded the balance as a finance obligation.  The outstanding balance of this obligation at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 is $9.2 million and $10.4 million, respectively.  The amount is amortized using the effective interest method.  The fair value of this finance obligation approximates the carrying value as of June 30, 2018.

The Company has a capital lease associated with its property in Latham, New York.  Liabilities relating to this agreement of $2.2 million and $2.3 million have been recorded as a finance obligation, in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.  The fair value of this finance obligation approximates the carrying value as of June 30, 2018.

Restricted Cash

The Company has entered into sale/leaseback agreements associated with its products and services.  In connection with these agreements, cash of $39.4 million at June 30, 2018 is required to be restricted as security and will be released over the lease term. The Company has additional letters of credit backed by security deposits as disclosed in the Operating Leases section above.

The Company also has letters of credit in the aggregate amount of $1.0 million at June 30, 2018 associated with an agreement to provide hydrogen infrastructure and hydrogen to a customer at its distribution center and with a finance obligation from the sale/leaseback of its building.  Cash collateralizing these letters of credit is also considered restricted cash.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our unaudited interim consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of these unaudited interim consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of and during the reporting period. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to revenue recognition for multiple element arrangements, bad debts, inventories, intangible assets, valuation of long-lived assets, accrual for loss contracts on service, product warranty reserves, unbilled revenue, common stock warrants, income taxes, stock-based compensation, contingencies, and purchase accounting. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors and assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about (1) the carrying values of assets and liabilities and (2) the amount of revenue and expenses realized that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

We refer to the policies and estimates set forth in the section “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Estimates”, as well as a discussion of significant accounting policies included in Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of the consolidated financial statements, both of which are included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, except for the policy on Convertible Senior Notes described below. 

The Company accounts for the issued Convertible Senior Notes with separate liability and equity components. The carrying amount of the liability component was initially determined by estimating the fair value of a similar debt instrument that does not have an associated convertible feature. The carrying amount of the equity component representing the conversion option was determined by deducting the estimated fair value of the liability component from the par value of the Convertible Senior Notes as a whole as of the date of issuance. This difference represents a debt discount that is amortized to interest expense, with a corresponding increase to the carrying amount of the liability component, over the term of the Convertible Senior Notes using the effective interest rate method. The equity component is not remeasured as

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long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification. The Company has allocated issuance costs incurred to the liability and equity components. Issuance costs attributable to the liability component are being amortized to expense over the respective term of the Convertible Senior Notes, and issuance costs attributable to the equity components were netted with the respective equity component in additional paid-in capital.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2014, an accounting update was issued that replaces the existing revenue recognition framework regarding contracts with customers. The Company adopted this accounting update as of January 1, 2018. The standard outlines a five-step model whereby revenue is recognized as performance obligations within a contract are satisfied. The standard also requires new, expanded disclosures regarding revenue recognition. The Company did not experience a significant effect on the timing and amount of revenue recognized or the amount of revenue allocated to the identified performance obligations. There is an insignificant amount of historical contract acquisition costs that were expensed under prior guidance and were not capitalized upon adoption of ASC Topic 606. However, in subsequent periods, contract acquisition costs are capitalized in accordance with ASC Topic 606.

In October 2016, an accounting update was issued to simplify how an entity should recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs.  Consequently, the amendments in this update eliminate the exception for an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory.  Two common examples of assets included in the scope of this update are intellectual property and property, plant, and equipment. The Company adopted this update on January 1, 2018 and it did not have any effect on the consolidated financial statements because our net tax position is zero.

In November 2016, an accounting update was issued to reduce the existing diversity in the classification and presentation of changes in restricted cash on the statement of cash flows. This accounting update was adopted retrospectively by the Company on January 1, 2018. The adoption of this update impacts the cash flows from financing activities due to the change in the presentation of restricted cash within the consolidated statement of cash flows. Net cash flows from financing activities and change in cash and cash equivalents, which now includes restricted cash, for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, decreased by $2.8 million and $2.6 million, respectively.

Recently Issued and Not Yet Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2018, an accounting update was issued to simplify the accounting for nonemployee share-based payment transactions  resulting from expanding the scope of ASC Topic 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. An entity should apply the requirements of ASC Topic 718 to nonemployee awards except for specific guidance on inputs to an option pricing model and the attribution of cost (that is, the period of time over which share-based payment awards vest and the pattern of cost recognition over that period). The amendments specify that ASC Topic 718 applies to all share-based payment transactions in which a grantor acquires goods or services to be used or consumed in a grantor’s own operations by issuing share-based payment awards. The amendments also clarify that ASC Topic 718 does not apply to share-based payments used to effectively provide (1) financing to the issuer or (2) awards granted in conjunction with selling goods or services to customers as part of a contract accounted for under ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The amendments in this accounting update are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that fiscal year. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than an entity’s adoption date of ASC Topic 606. The Company is evaluating whether to early adopt this accounting update during the remainder of 2018.

In February 2016, an accounting update was issued which requires balance sheet recognition for operating leases, among other changes to previous lease guidance.  This accounting update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018.  The Company has established an internal implementation team to oversee the adoption of the new standard, and has estimated the impact this accounting update will have on its consolidated financial statements. When adopted, the Company expects there to be an increase in finance obligations of over $30.0 million, which represents the

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future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases, as lessee, and a corresponding addition of a right-of-use asset.  Any cumulative effect of the adoption recorded to accumulated deficit is not expected to be significant.  The Company also does not expect there to be a significant net effect on its consolidated statements of operations in the current or prior periods, however what was previously presented as rent expense related to operating leases will be recognized as interest expense on the Company’s minimum lease obligation and depreciation of its right-of-use asset. In July 2018, an accounting update was issued to make technical amendments to the previous update, including the addition of a new optional transition method. The Company is evaluating whether to early adopt this accounting update during the remainder of 2018.  The Company is also evaluating the transition method of adoption. 

In January 2017, an accounting update was issued to simplify how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test.  Step 2 measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. This accounting update is effective for years beginning after December 15, 2019.  Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is evaluating the impact this update will have on the consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, an accounting update was issued to reduce the existing diversity in practice in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows.  This accounting update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period.  The Company is evaluating the impact this update will have on the consolidated financial statements.

Item 3 — Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

From time to time, we may invest our cash in government, government backed and interest-bearing investment-grade securities that we generally hold for the duration of the term of the respective instrument. We do not utilize derivative financial instruments, derivative commodity instruments or other market risk sensitive instruments, positions or transactions in any material fashion, except for a capped call and common stock forward purchased in March 2018 related to the issuance of Convertible Senior Notes. We are not subject to any material risks arising from changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices, equity prices or other market changes that affect market risk sensitive instruments.

Our exposure to changes in foreign currency rates is primarily related to sourcing inventory from foreign locations and operations of HyPulsion. This practice can give rise to foreign exchange risk resulting from the varying cost of inventory to the receiving location. The Company reviews the level of foreign content as part of its ongoing evaluation of overall sourcing strategies and considers the exposure to be not significant.  Our HyPulsion exposure presently is mitigated by low levels of operations and its sourcing is primarily intercompany in nature and denominated in U.S. dollar.

Item 4 — Controls and Procedures

(a)  Disclosure controls and procedures.

The chief executive officer and chief financial officer, based on their evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective for ensuring that information required to be disclosed in the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in filed or submitted reports is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

49

(b)  Changes in internal control over financial reporting.

There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II.  OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1 — Legal Proceedings

An action has been brought in New York State Supreme Court by General Electric Co. (GE) and an affiliate against the Company seeking $1 million that GE claims is due under an indemnification agreement between GE and the Company.  GE seeks indemnification for funds it paid to settle a claim with Soroof Trading Development Co., an entity that had paid funds to GE to become a distributor of the Company’s products.  The Company is vigorously defending the action.

Item 1A - Risk Factors

The following Risk Factors are in addition to the Risk Factors described in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of our most recently filed Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, which sets forth information relating to important risks and uncertainties that could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.  Those risk factors continue to be relevant to an understanding of our business, financial condition and operating results and, accordingly, you should review and consider such risk factors in making any investment decision with respect to our securities.

Convertible debt securities that may be settled in cash, such as the Convertible Senior Notes, will have a material effect on our reported financial results.

Under Accounting Standards Codification 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options, or ASC 470-20, an entity must separately account for the liability and equity components of the convertible debt instruments (such as the Convertible Senior Notes) that may be settled entirely or partially in cash upon conversion in a manner that reflects the issuer’s economic interest cost. The effect of ASC 470-20 on the accounting for the Convertible Senior Notes is that the equity component is required to be included in the additional paid-in capital section of stockholders’ equity on our consolidated balance sheet at the issuance date and the value of the equity component would be treated as debt discount for purposes of accounting for the debt component of the Convertible Senior Notes. As a result, we are required to record a non-cash interest expense as a result of the amortization of the discounted carrying value of the Convertible Senior Notes to their face amount over the term of the Convertible Senior Notes. We will report larger net losses (or lower net income) in our financial results because ASC 470-20 will require interest to include the amortization of the debt discount, which could adversely affect our reported or future financial results or the trading price of our common stock.

While the Company plans to settle the principal amount of the Convertible Senior Notes in cash subject to available funding at time of settlement, we currently use the if-converted method for calculating any potential dilutive effect of the conversion option on diluted net income per share, subject to meeting the criteria for using the treasury stock method in future periods. We cannot be sure that the accounting standards in the future will permit the use of the treasury stock method. If we are unable or otherwise elect not to use the treasury stock method in accounting for the shares issuable upon conversion of the Convertible Senior Notes, then our diluted earnings per share could be adversely affected.

The convertible note hedges may affect the value of the Convertible Senior Notes and our common stock.

In connection with the pricing of the Convertible Senior Notes, we entered into convertible note hedge transactions with one or more of the initial purchasers of the Convertible Senior Notes and/or their respective affiliates or other financial institutions, or the option counterparties. The convertible note hedge transactions are generally

50

expected to reduce the potential dilution upon any conversion of Convertible Senior Notes and/or provide a source of cash to settle a portion of its cash payments related to any excess over the principal amount upon conversion of any Convertible Senior Notes.

The option counterparties and/or their respective affiliates may modify their hedge positions by entering into or unwinding various derivatives with respect to our common stock and/or purchasing or selling our common stock in secondary market transactions prior to the maturity of the Convertible Senior Notes (and are likely to do so during any observation period related to a conversion of Convertible Senior Notes or following any repurchase of Convertible Senior Notes by us on any fundamental change repurchase date or otherwise). This activity could also cause or avoid an increase or a decrease in the market price of our common stock. In addition, if any such convertible note hedge transaction fails to become effective, the option counterparties may unwind their hedge positions with respect to our common stock, which could adversely affect the value of our common stock.

The potential effect, if any, of these transactions and activities on the market price of our common stock will depend in part on market conditions and cannot be ascertained at this time. Any of these activities could adversely affect the value of our common stock.

We are subject to counterparty risk with respect to the convertible note hedge transactions.

The option counterparties will be financial institutions or affiliates of financial institutions, and we will be subject to the risk that one or more of such option counterparties may default under the convertible note hedge transactions. Our exposure to the credit risk of the option counterparties will not be secured by any collateral. If any option counterparty becomes subject to bankruptcy or other insolvency proceedings, we will become an unsecured creditor in those proceedings with a claim equal to our exposure at that time under our transactions with that option counterparty. Our exposure will depend on many factors but, generally, an increase in our exposure will be correlated to an increase in our common stock market price and in the volatility of the market price of our common stock. In addition, upon a default by an option counterparty, we may suffer adverse tax consequences and dilution with respect to our common stock. We can provide no assurance as to the financial stability or viability of any option counterparty.

Item 2 - Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

(a)  None.

(b)  Not applicable.

(c)  None.

Item 3 — Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4 — Mine Safety Disclosures

None.

Item 5 — Other Information

(a)  None.

(b)  None.

51

Item 6 — Exhibits

10.1	Limited waiver to Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of June 28, 2018, by and between Plug Power Inc., Emerging Power Inc., Emergent Power Inc., and NY Green Bank. (1)
31.1	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (1)
31.2	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (1)
32.1	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (1)
32.2	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (1)
101.INS*	XBRL Instance Document (1)
101.SCH*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document (1)
101.CAL*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document (1)
101.DEF*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document (1)
101.LAB*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document (1)
101.PRE*	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document (1)

(1) Filed herewith.

*Submitted electronically herewith. Attached as Exhibit 101 are the following materials from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2018, formatted in eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) and tagged as blocks of text: (i) Interim Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017; (ii) Interim Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 and 2017; (iii) Interim Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 and 2017; (iv) Interim Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018; (v) Interim Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 and 2017; and (vi) related notes, tagged as blocks of text.

52

Signatures

Pursuant to requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	PLUG POWER INC.
Date:  August 9, 2018	By:	/s/ Andrew Marsh
		Andrew Marsh
		President, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer)
Date:  August 9, 2018	By:	/s/ Paul B. Middleton
		Paul B. Middleton
		Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

53

EX-10.1

Exhibit 10.1

LIMITED WAIVER TO AMENDED AND RESTATED LOAN AND SECURITY AGREEMENT

THIS LIMITED WAIVER TO AMENDED AND RESTATED LOAN AND SECURITY AGREEMENT (this "Waiver"), dated as of June 28, 2018, by and among PLUG POWER INC., a Delaware corporation, EMERGING POWER INC., a Delaware corporation, EMERGENT POWER INC., a Delaware corporation and each of their Qualified Subsidiaries (hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Borrower") and NY GREEN BANK (the "Lender"), a division of the New York State Energy Research & Development Authority ("NYSERDA").

WITNESSETH:

WHEREAS, the Borrower and Lender are parties to that certain Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of July 21, 2017 (as amended hereby and as may be further amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the "Loan Agreement"), pursuant to which the Lender has agreed to provide to Borrower a certain loan (the "Term Loan") in accordance with the terms and conditions thereof;

WHEREAS, the Borrower has requested that the Lender consent to this Waiver;

WHEREAS, the Lender is willing to agree to this Waiver, subject to and in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth in this Waiver.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises, covenants and agreements contained herein, and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the Borrower and the Lender hereby agree as follows:

1.RECITALS; DEFINITIONS. The foregoing recitals, including all terms defined therein, are incorporated herein and made a part hereof. All capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined herein have the meanings given such terms in the Loan Agreement.

2.WAIVER.

(a)          Subject to the terms of this Waiver, the Lender hereby agrees that Borrower's obligations under Section 9.4 of the Loan Agreement to maintain on the Test Balance Date of 6/₃0/18 an outstanding balance of all Advances less than or equal $24,917,116 is waived, provided however that such waiver may be revoked by Lender at any time upon not less than twenty (20) days' written notice to Borrower.

(b)         For so long as the wavier set forth in Section 2(a) above, is in effect and not revoked, the schedule of outstanding balances on all Advances set forth in the definition of Amortization Schedule in the Loan Agreement shall be replaced with the Schedule set forth on Exhibit A attached hereto. In the event that the waiver set forth in Section 2(a), above, is revoked, the schedule of outstanding balances on all Advances set forth on Exhibit A attached hereto shall also be revoked, and the definition of Amortization Schedule shall revert to the definition in the Loan Agreement, effective as of the date of revocation of such waiver.

(c)          The waiver set forth in this Section 2 is effective for the purposes set forth herein and shall be limited precisely as written and shall not be deemed to (1) be a consent to any amendment, waiver or modification of any other term or condition of any Loan Document, or (2) otherwise prejudice any right or remedy which the Lender may now have or may have in the future under or in connection with any Loan Document.

3.CONDITIONS TO EFFECTIVENESS. This Waiver shall become effective

upon satisfaction of each of the conditions specified below:

(a)           Borrower and Lender shall have each received one or more counterparts of this Waiver, duly executed, completed and delivered by Borrower and Lender;

(b)           Borrower and Lender shall have received all other documents and instruments as the Borrower and Lender may mutually deem necessary or appropriate to effectuate the intent and purpose of this Waiver.

(c)           Lender shall have received from Borrower the amount of $10,000 in immediately available funds (the "Limited Fee"), provided, however, that, in the event Lender revokes its waiver granted pursuant to Section 2(a), above, on or before the date that is thirty (30) days from, but excluding, the date of this Waiver, the Lender shall fully refund to Borrower the Limited Fee within ten (10) Business Days from the effective date of such revocation.

4.REAFFIRMATION OF LOAN DOCUMENTS. By executing and delivering

this Waiver, Borrower hereby expressly (i) reaffirms, ratifies and confirms its Obligations under the Loan Agreement and the other Loan Documents, (ii) agrees that this Waiver shall be a "Loan Document" under the Loan Agreement and (iii) agrees that the Loan Agreement and each other Loan Document shall remain in full force and effect following any action contemplated in connection herewith.

5.REAFFIRMATION OF GRANT OF SECURITY INTEREST IN COLLATERAL. Borrower hereby expressly reaffirms, ratifies and confirms its obligations under the Loan Agreement, including its grant to the Lender, of the security interest in all of the Collateral.

6.NO OTHER WAIVERS. The limited waiver and amendment in this Waiver is

applicable only as provided herein, and does not constitute a future waiver of any matter whatsoever, nor a waiver of anything other than the matter expressly set forth herein. Unless specifically noted herein, nothing herein amends, modifies or restates the terms of any other Loan Document. Nothing in this Waiver is intended, nor shall be construed, to constitute a novation or an accord and satisfaction of any of Borrower's Obligations under or in connection with the Loan Agreement and any other Loan Document or to modify, affect or impair the perfection or continuity of Lender's security interest in security titles to or other liens on any Collateral.

7.RELEASE. In consideration of the agreements of the Lender contained herein

and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, Borrower hereby unconditionally and irrevocably remises, acquits, and fully and forever releases and discharges Lender and all respective affiliates and subsidiaries of Lender, their respective officers, employees, agents, attorneys, principals, advisors, directors and shareholders, and their respective heirs, legal representatives, successors and assigns (collectively, the "Released Lender Parties") from any and all claims, demands, causes of action, obligations, remedies, suits, damages and liabilities (collectively, the "Borrower Claims") arising out of or related to the Loan Agreement, the other Loan Documents, or the transactions contemplated therein, whether now known, suspected or claimed, whether arising under common law, in equity or under statute, which Borrower ever had or now has against the Released Lender Parties which may have arisen at any time on or prior to the date of this Waiver. Borrower covenants and agrees never to commence, voluntarily aid in any way, prosecute or cause to be commenced or prosecuted against any of the Released Lender Parties any action or other proceeding based upon any of the Borrower Claims which may have arisen at any time on or prior to the date of this waiver. Borrower acknowledges and agrees that the Released Lender Parties have acted in good faith in negotiating and entering into this Waiver and that the provisions hereof are not in breach or violation of any duty or obligation, express or

implied, of the Released Lender Parties to Borrower. The agreements set forth in this Section 7 shall survive the termination or expiration of this Waiver and the termination of the Loan Documents and the repayment, satisfaction or discharge of the Obligations.

8.REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES; LIENS; NO DEFAULT, NO  CONFLICT. Borrower hereby represents, warrants and covenants with and to the Lender as follows: (i) all of the representations and warranties set forth in the Loan Documents continue to be true and correct in all material respects as of the date hereof, except to the extent such representations and warranties by their terms expressly relate only to a prior date (in which case such representations and warranties shall be true and correct in all material respects as of such prior date); (ii) as of the date hereof, there are no Events of Default that have not been waived or cured; (iii) Lender has and shall continue to have valid, enforceable and perfected first-priority liens, subject only to Permitted Liens, on and security interests in the Collateral and all other collateral heretofore granted by Borrower to Lender pursuant to the Loan Documents or otherwise granted to or held by Lender, for the benefit of Lender; (iv) the agreements and obligations of Borrower contained in the Loan Documents and in this Waiver constitute the legal, valid and binding obligations of Borrower, enforceable against Borrower in accordance with their respective terms, except as the enforceability thereof may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar laws of general application affecting the enforcement of creditors' rights or by the application of general principles of equity; and (v) the execution, delivery and performance of this Waiver by Borrower will not violate any law, rule, regulation, order, contractual obligation or organizational document of Borrower and will not result in, or require, the creation or imposition of any lien, claim or encumbrance of any kind on any of its properties or revenues.

9.ADVICE OF COUNSEL. Each of the parties represents to each other party hereto that it has discussed this Waiver with its counsel.

10.SEVERABILITY OF PROVISIONS. In case any provision of or obligation under this Waiver shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any applicable jurisdiction, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions or obligations, or of such provision or obligation in any other jurisdiction, shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.

11.FURTHER ASSURANCES. Borrower hereby agrees that at any time and from time to time, at the expense of Borrower, it will promptly execute and deliver all further instruments and documents, and take all further action, that may be necessary or that the Lender may reasonably request, in connection with this Waiver, or to enable them to exercise and enforce their rights and remedies under this Waiver, the Loan Agreement and the other Loan Documents.

12.COSTS AND EXPENSES. Borrower shall be responsible for the payment of all fees, costs and expenses incurred by the Lender in connection with the preparation and negotiation of this Waiver, including, without limitation, any and all fees and expenses of Lender's in-house (without duplication of work performed by outside counsel) and outside counsel.

13.REFERENCE TO THE EFFECT ON THE LOAN AGREEMENT.

(a)          Upon the effectiveness of this Waiver, each reference in the Loan Agreement to "this Agreement," "hereunder," "hereof," "herein" or words of similar import shall mean and be a reference to the Loan Agreement as modified by this Waiver.

(b)         The execution, delivery and effectiveness of this Waiver shall not, except as expressly provided in this Waiver, operate as a waiver of any right, power or remedy of Lender, nor

constitute a waiver of any provision of the Loan Agreement or any other documents, instruments and agreements executed or delivered in connection with the Loan Agreement.

14.GOVERNING LAW. THIS CONSENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE INTERNAL LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK (WITHOUT REGARD TO THE CONFLICT OF LAWS PRINCIPLES THAT WOULD RESULT IN THE APPLICATION OF ANY LAWS OTHER THAN THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK).

15.SUCCESSORS/ASSIGNS. This Waiver shall bind, and the rights hereunder shall inure to, the respective successors and assigns of the parties hereto, subject to the provisions of the Loan Documents.

16.HEADINGS. Section headings in this Waiver are included for convenience of reference only and shall not constitute a part of this Waiver for any other purpose.

17.ENTIRE AGREEMENT. The Loan Agreement and the other Loan Documents as and when modified by this Waiver embody the entire agreement between the parties hereto relating to the subject matter thereof and supersedes all prior agreements, representations and understandings, if any, relating to the subject matter thereof

18.COUNTERPARTS. This Waiver may be executed in multiple counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original and all of which when taken together shall constitute one and the same instrument. Delivery of an executed signature page of this Waiver by facsimile transmission or electronic transmission shall be as effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart hereof.

[Balance of Page Intentionally Left Blank; Signature Pages Follow]

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Waiver to be duly executed and delivered as of the day and year specified at the beginning hereof.

BORROWER:
PLUG POWER INC.
Signature:	/s/ Paul B Middleton
Print Name:	Paul B Middleton
Title:	Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
BORROWER:
EMERGING POWER INC
Signature:	/s/ Paul B Middleton
Print Name:	Paul B Middleton
Title:	Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
BORROWER:
EMERGENT POWER INC
Signature:	/s/ Paul B Middleton
Print Name:	Paul B Middleton
Title:	Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Accepted in New York, New York:

LENDER
NY GREEN BANK
A Division of the New York State Energy Research & Development Authority
Signature:	/s/ Alfred Griffin
Print Name:	Alfred Griffin
Title:	President

EXHIBIT A

Schedule of Outstanding Balances on all Advances

Balance Test Date	Outstanding Balance of Advances
6/30/2018	27,312,614
9/30/2018	21,866,066
12/31/2018	17,153,218
3/31/2019	16,680,373
6/30/2019	15,626,730
9/30/2019	9,397,607
12/31/2019	0

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

I, Andrew Marsh, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Plug Power Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: August 9, 2018

by:	/s/ Andrew Marsh
	Andrew Marsh
	Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

I, Paul B. Middleton, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Plug Power Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: August 9, 2018

by:	/s/ Paul B. Middleton
	Paul B. Middleton
	Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Plug Power Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ending June 30, 2018 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Andrew Marsh, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

This certification is being furnished and not filed, and shall not be incorporated into any documents for any other purpose, under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended or the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. A signed original of this written statement required by § 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the SEC or its staff upon request.

ay

/s/ Andrew Marsh

Andrew Marsh

Chief Executive Officer

August 9, 2018

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Plug Power Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ending June 30, 2018 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Paul B. Middleton, Interim Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

This certification is being furnished and not filed, and shall not be incorporated into any documents for any other purpose, under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended or the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. A signed original of this written statement required by § 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the SEC or its staff upon request.

Ay

/s/ Paul B. Middleton

Paul B. Middleton

Chief Financial Officer

August 9, 2018

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Aug. 09, 2018
Document and Entity Information:
Entity Registrant Name	PLUG POWER INC
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Jun. 30, 2018
Amendment Flag	false
Entity Central Index Key	0001093691
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		214,795,074
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2018
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2

XML

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 15,035	$ 24,828
Restricted cash	13,367	13,898
Accounts receivable	31,509	15,331
Inventory	42,288	48,776
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	15,661	16,774
Total current assets	117,860	119,607
Restricted cash	27,020	29,329
Property, plant, and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $32,801 and $31,588, respectively	11,544	10,414
Leased property, net of accumulated depreciation of $16,394 and $11,812, respectively	95,621	87,065
Goodwill	9,210	9,445
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $2,036 and $1,735, respectively	4,250	3,785
Other assets	10,722	11,165
Total assets	276,227	270,810
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	36,128	42,362
Accrued expenses	10,777	10,595
Deferred revenue	10,410	8,630
Finance obligations	40,581	34,506
Current portion of long-term debt	11,461	18,762
Other current liabilities	309	866
Total current liabilities	109,666	115,721
Deferred revenue	28,130	25,809
Common stock warrant liability	2,799	4,391
Finance obligations	33,693	37,069
Convertible senior notes, net	59,812
Long-term debt	15,272	13,371
Other liabilities	18	94
Total liabilities	249,390	196,455
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share; 750,000,000 shares authorized; Issued (including shares in treasury): 229,655,825 at June 30, 2018 and 229,073,517 at December 31, 2017	2,297	2,291
Additional paid-in capital	1,276,989	1,250,899
Accumulated other comprehensive income	1,844	2,194
Accumulated deficit	(1,224,365)	(1,178,636)
Less common stock in treasury: 15,002,663 at June 30, 2018 and 587,151 at December 31, 2017	(30,637)	(3,102)
Total stockholders' equity	26,128	73,646
Total liabilities, redeemable preferred stock, and stockholders' equity	276,227	270,810
Series C Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock
Redeemable preferred stock
Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share (aggregate involuntary liquidation preference $16,664); 10,431 shares authorized; Issued and outstanding: 2,620 at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017	$ 709	$ 709

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Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parentheticals) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Property, plant, and equipment, accumulated depreciation	$ 32,801	$ 31,588
Leased property, net of accumulated depreciation	16,394	11,812
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization	$ 2,036	$ 1,735
Common Stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common Stock, shares authorized	750,000,000	750,000,000
Common Stock, shares issued	229,655,825	229,073,517
Common stock in treasury, shares	15,002,663	587,151
Series C Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock
Redeemable convertible Preferred Stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Redeemable convertible Preferred Stock, shares authorized	10,431	10,431
Redeemable convertible Preferred Stock, shares issued	2,620	2,620
Redeemable convertible Preferred Stock, shares outstanding	2,620	2,620
Redeemable convertible Preferred Stock, aggregate involuntary liquidation preference (in dollars)	$ 16,664	$ 16,664

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Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017
Revenue:
Gross revenue	$ 39,927	$ 22,604	$ 69,007	$ 37,839
Provision for common stock warrants	(3,921)	(1,820)	(5,806)	(1,820)
Net revenue	36,006	20,784	63,201	36,019
Cost of revenue:
Total cost of revenue	38,316	24,327	69,495	44,041
Gross loss	(2,310)	(3,543)	(6,294)	(8,022)
Operating expenses:
Research and development	8,427	6,625	17,075	12,623
Selling, general and administrative	12,241	17,904	20,550	27,049
Total operating expenses	20,668	24,529	37,625	39,672
Operating loss	(22,978)	(28,072)	(43,919)	(47,694)
Interest and other expense, net	(6,136)	(2,251)	(9,241)	(4,388)
Change in fair value of common stock warrant liability	334	(12,296)	1,592	(14,576)
Loss before income taxes	(28,780)	(42,619)	(51,568)	(66,658)
Income tax benefit	2,912		5,865
Net loss attributable to the Company	(25,868)	(42,619)	(45,703)	(66,658)
Preferred stock dividends declared and accretion of discount	(13)	(26)	(26)	(3,061)
Net loss attributable to common shareholders	$ (25,881)	$ (42,645)	$ (45,729)	$ (69,719)
Net loss per share:
Basic and diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.12)	$ (0.19)	$ (0.21)	$ (0.34)
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding	214,315,312	220,310,678	220,650,537	205,748,184
Sales of fuel cell systems
Revenue:
Gross revenue	$ 20,622	$ 8,560	$ 32,080	$ 10,757
Cost of revenue:
Total cost of revenue	15,377	6,441	25,499	8,727
Services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure
Revenue:
Gross revenue	7,188	5,049	13,786	10,198
Cost of revenue:
Total cost of revenue	7,125	5,068	13,995	11,634
Power purchase agreements
Revenue:
Gross revenue	5,629	4,945	11,118	9,256
Cost of revenue:
Total cost of revenue	9,393	7,450	17,684	14,065
Fuel delivered to customers
Revenue:
Gross revenue	6,488	3,986	12,023	7,477
Cost of revenue:
Total cost of revenue	$ 6,421	5,303	$ 12,317	9,452
Other
Revenue:
Gross revenue		64		151
Cost of revenue:
Total cost of revenue		$ 65		$ 163

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Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss
Net loss attributable to the Company	$ (25,868)	$ (42,619)	$ (45,703)	$ (66,658)
Other comprehensive (loss) income - foreign currency translation adjustment	(762)	936	(350)	1,156
Comprehensive loss	$ (26,630)	$ (41,683)	$ (46,053)	$ (65,502)

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Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity - 6 months ended Jun. 30, 2018 - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Common Stock Forward Treasury Stock	Common Stock Forward	Common Stock	Additional Paid-in-Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income	Treasury Stock	Accumulated Deficit	Total
Balance at Dec. 31, 2017			$ 2,291	$ 1,250,899	$ 2,194	$ (3,102)	$ (1,178,636)	$ 73,646
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2017			229,073,517			587,151		229,073,517
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Net loss attributable to the Company							(45,703)	$ (45,703)
Other comprehensive loss					(350)			(350)
Stock based compensation			$ 2	4,323				4,325
Stock based compensation (in shares)			202,523
Stock dividend				26			(26)
Stock dividend (in shares)			13,273
Stock option exercises			$ 4	98		$ (35)		67
Stock option exercises (in shares)			366,412			17,606
Equity component of convertible senior notes, net of issuance costs and income tax benefit				31,837				31,837
Purchase of capped call				(16,000)				(16,000)
Purchase of common stock forward	$ (27,500)	$ (27,500)
Purchase of common stock forward ( in shares)	14,397,906	14,397,906
Exercise of warrants (in shares)			100
Provision for common stock warrants				5,806				5,806
Balance at Jun. 30, 2018			$ 2,297	$ 1,276,989	$ 1,844	$ (30,637)	$ (1,224,365)	$ 26,128
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2018			229,655,825			15,002,663		229,655,825

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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017
Cash Flows From Operating Activities:
Net loss attributable to the Company	$ (45,703)	$ (66,658)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment, and leased property	5,795	4,183
Amortization of intangible assets	335	290
Stock-based compensation	4,325	4,792
Amortization of debt issuance costs and discount on convertible senior notes	2,438	296
Provision for common stock warrants	5,806	8,513
Change in fair value of common stock warrant liability	(1,592)	14,576
Income tax benefit	(5,865)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities that provide (use) cash:
Accounts receivable	(16,178)	(3,345)
Inventory	6,488	(12,763)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	1,556	66
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities	(6,685)	(6,746)
Accrual for loss contracts related to service		(752)
Deferred revenue	4,101	(787)
Net cash used in operating activities	(45,179)	(58,335)
Cash Flows From Investing Activities:
Purchases of property, plant and equipment	(2,343)	(1,057)
Purchase of intangible asset	(879)
Purchases for construction of leased property	(13,138)	(19,488)
Net cash used in investing activities	(16,360)	(20,545)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities:
Proceeds from exercise of warrants, net of transaction costs		17,702
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	67	37
Payments for redemption of preferred stock		(3,700)
Proceeds from public offerings, net of transaction costs		19,534
Proceeds from issuance of convertible senior notes, net	95,856
Purchase of capped call and common stock forward	(43,500)
Proceeds from borrowing of long-term debt, net of transaction costs		621
Principal payments on long-term debt	(5,721)	(1,278)
Proceeds from sale/leaseback transactions accounted for as capital leases	20,000	3,613
Repayments of finance obligations	(17,760)	(4,321)
Net cash provided by financing activities	48,942	32,208
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	(36)	158
Decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(12,633)	(46,514)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash beginning of period	68,055	100,636
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash end of period	55,422	54,122
Other Supplemental Cash Flow Information:
Cash paid for interest	$ 4,915	3,848
Noncash financing activity-conversion of preferred stock to common stock		$ 7,778

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Nature of Operations

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Nature of Operations.

Nature of Operations

1.  Nature of Operations

Description of Business

Plug Power Inc., or the Company, is a leading provider of alternative energy technology focused on the design, development, commercialization and manufacture of hydrogen and fuel cell systems used primarily for the electric mobility and stationary power markets.  As part of the global drive to electrification, Plug Power has recently leveraged product proven in the material handling vehicle space to enter new, adjacent, electric vehicle markets, specifically electric delivery vans.

We are focused on proton exchange membrane, or PEM, fuel cell and fuel processing technologies, fuel cell/battery hybrid technologies, and associated hydrogen storage and dispensing infrastructure from which multiple products are available. A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity and heat without combustion. Hydrogen is derived from hydrocarbon fuels such as liquid petroleum gas (LPG), propane, methanol, ethanol, gasoline or biofuels. Plug Power develops complete hydrogen generation, delivery, storage and refueling solutions for customer locations. Currently the Company obtains the majority of its hydrogen by purchasing it from fuel suppliers for resale to customers.

In our core business, we provide and continue to develop commercially-viable hydrogen and fuel cell product solutions to replace lead‑acid batteries in electric material handling vehicles and industrial trucks for some of the world’s largest retail-distribution and manufacturing businesses. We are focusing our efforts on industrial mobility applications (electric forklifts and electric industrial vehicles) at multi‑shift high volume manufacturing and high throughput distribution sites where our products and services provide a unique combination of productivity, flexibility and environmental benefits. Additionally, we manufacture and sell fuel cell products to replace batteries and diesel generators in stationary backup power applications. These products prove valuable with telecommunications, transportation and utility customers as robust, reliable and sustainable power solutions.

Our current products and services include:

GenDrive: GenDrive is our hydrogen fueled PEM fuel cell system providing power to material handling electric vehicles, including class 1, 2, 3 and 6 electric forklifts and ground support equipment;

GenFuel:  GenFuel is our hydrogen fueling delivery, generation, storage and dispensing systems;

GenCare: GenCare is our ongoing ‘internet of things’-based maintenance and on-site service program for GenDrive fuel cells, GenSure products, GenFuel products and ProGen engines;

GenSure:  GenSure is our stationary fuel cell solution providing scalable, modular PEM fuel cell power to support the backup and grid-support power requirements of the telecommunications, transportation, and utility sectors;

GenKey: GenKey is our turn-key solution combining either GenDrive or GenSure power with GenFuel fuel and GenCare aftermarket service, offering complete simplicity to customers transitioning to fuel cell power; and

ProGen:  ProGen is our fuel cell stack and engine technology currently used globally in mobility and stationary fuel cell systems, and as engines in electric delivery vans;

We provide our products worldwide through our direct product sales force, and by leveraging relationships with original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs, and their dealer networks. We manufacture our commercially-viable products in Latham, NY.

We were organized as a corporation in the State of Delaware on June 27, 1997.

Unless the context indicates otherwise, the terms “Company,” “Plug Power,” “we,” “our” or “us” as used herein refers to Plug Power Inc. and its subsidiaries.

Liquidity

Our cash requirements relate primarily to working capital needed to operate and grow our business, including funding operating expenses, growth in inventory to support both shipments of new units and servicing the installed base, growth in equipment leased to customers under long-term arrangements, funding the growth in our GenKey “turn-key” solution, which includes the installation of our customers’ hydrogen infrastructure as well as delivery of the hydrogen fuel,  continued development and expansion of our products, payment of lease/financing obligations under sale/leaseback financings, and the repayment or refinancing of our long-term debt. Our ability to achieve profitability and meet future liquidity needs and capital requirements will depend upon numerous factors, including the timing and quantity of product orders and shipments; attaining and expanding positive gross margins across all product lines; the timing and amount of our operating expenses; the timing and costs of working capital needs; the timing and costs of building a sales base; the ability of our customers to obtain financing to support commercial transactions; our ability to obtain financing arrangements to support the sale or leasing of our products and services to customers and to repay or refinance our long-term debt, and the terms of such agreements that may require us to pledge or restrict substantial amounts of our cash to support these financing arrangements; the timing and costs of developing marketing and distribution channels; the timing and costs of product service requirements; the timing and costs of hiring and training product staff; the extent to which our products gain market acceptance; the timing and costs of product development and introductions; the extent of our ongoing and new research and development programs; and changes in our strategy or our planned activities. If we are unable to fund our operations with positive cash flows and cannot obtain external financing, we may not be able to sustain future operations.  As a result, we may be required to delay, reduce and/or cease our operations and/or seek bankruptcy protection.

We have experienced and continue to experience negative cash flows from operations and net losses.  The Company incurred net losses attributable to common shareholders of $45.7 million for the six months ended June  30, 2018 and $130.2 million, $57.6 million, and $55.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively, and has an accumulated deficit of $1.2 billion at June 30, 2018.

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, cash used in operating activities was $45.2 million, consisting primarily of a net loss attributable to the Company of $45.7 million and net outflows from fluctuations in working capital and other assets and liabilities of $10.7 million, offset by the impact of noncash charges/gains of $11.2 million. The changes in working capital primarily were related to an increase in accounts receivable and a decrease in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities, offset by decreases in inventory, prepaid expenses and other current assets and an increase in deferred revenue. As of June 30, 2018, we had cash and cash equivalents of $15.0 million and net working capital of $8.2 million. By comparison, at December 31, 2017, we had cash and cash equivalents of $24.8 million and net working capital of $3.9 million.

Net cash used in investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2018, totaled $16.4 million and included purchases of property, plant and equipment and outflows associated with materials, labor, and overhead necessary to construct new leased property. Cash outflows related to equipment that we sell and equipment we lease directly to customers are included in net cash used in operating activities and net cash used in investing activities, respectively. Net cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2018 totaled $48.9 million and primarily resulted from net proceeds of $52.4 million from the issuance of Convertible Senior Notes, net of purchases of a capped call and a common stock forward, and a $2.2 million increase in finance obligations, offset by $5.7 million of principal payments on long-term debt.

In March 2018, we issued $100.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes due in 2023 (Convertible Senior Notes). The total net proceeds from this offering, after considering costs of the issuance, were approximately $96.1 million. Approximately $43.5 million of the proceeds were used for the cost of a capped call and a common stock forward, both of which are hedges related to the Convertible Senior Notes. The remaining net proceeds from the Convertible Senior Notes will be used for general corporate purposes, including working capital.

The Company enters into sale/leaseback agreements with various financial institutions to facilitate the Company’s commercial transactions with key customers. The Company sells certain fuel cell systems and hydrogen infrastructure to the financial institutions, and leases the equipment back to support certain customer locations and to fulfill its varied PPAs.  In connection with certain past operating leases, the financial institutions required the Company to maintain cash balances in restricted accounts securing the Company’s lease obligations. Cash received from customers under the PPAs is used to make lease payments.  As the Company performs under these agreements, the required restricted cash balances are released, according to a set schedule. The total remaining lease payments to financial institutions under these agreements was $28.2 million, which has been fully secured with restricted cash and pledged service escrows.

The Company has an amended and restated master lease agreement with Wells Fargo (Wells Fargo MLA) to finance the Company’s commercial transactions with Wal-Mart Stores Inc. (Walmart).  Pursuant to the Wells Fargo MLA, the Company sells fuel cell systems and hydrogen infrastructure to Wells Fargo and then leases them back and operates them at Walmart sites under lease agreements with Walmart.  The total remaining lease payments to Wells Fargo was $24.8 million at June 30, 2018.  Additionally, the Company completed financings in August 2018 of approximately $16.0 million.  The Wells Fargo MLA requires the Company to maintain restricted cash for the portion of the transaction that related to the applicable investment tax credit.

We have historically funded our operations primarily through public and private offerings of common and preferred stock, as well as short-term borrowings, long-term debt and project financing, and recently with Convertible Senior Notes.  The Company believes that its current working capital and cash anticipated to be generated from future operations, as well as borrowings from lending and project financing sources and proceeds from equity offerings, will provide sufficient liquidity to fund operations for at least one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. There is no guarantee that future funding will be available if and when required or at terms acceptable to the Company.  This projection is based on our current expectations regarding new project financing and product sales and service, cost structure, cash burn rate and other operating assumptions. Additionally, the Company has other capital sources available, including the At Market Issuance Sales Agreement (see Note 9).

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

2.  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Interim Financial Statements

The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). In the opinion of management, all adjustments, which consist solely of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly, in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for all periods presented, have been made. The results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year.

Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted. These unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.

The information presented in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017, has been derived from the Company’s December 31, 2017 audited consolidated financial statements. All other information has been derived from the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements of the Company.

Revenue Recognition

The Company enters into contracts that may contain one or a combination of fuel cell systems and infrastructure, installation, maintenance, spare parts, fuel delivery and other support services. Contracts containing fuel cell systems and related infrastructure may be sold, or provided to customers under a PPA.

The Company does not include a right of return on its products other than rights related to standard warranty provisions that permit repair or replacement of defective goods. The Company accrues for anticipated standard warranty costs at the same time that revenue is recognized for the related product, or when circumstances indicate that warranty costs will be incurred, as applicable.  Only a limited number of fuel cell units are under standard warranty.

Revenue is measured based on the consideration specified in a contract with a customer, subject to the allocation of consideration to individual performance obligations as discussed below. The Company recognizes revenue when it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control over a product or service to a customer.

The Company accounts for each separate performance obligation of multiple deliverable arrangements as a separate unit of accounting if the delivered item or items have value to the customer on a standalone basis. The Company considers a performance obligation to be distinct and have a standalone value if the customer can benefit from the good or service either on its own or together with other resources readily available to the customer and the Company’s promise to transfer the goods or service to the customer is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. The Company allocates revenue to each separate performance obligation based on relative standalone selling prices.

Payment terms for fuel cells, infrastructure and service are invoiced with terms ranging from 30 to 90 days. Service is prepaid upfront in a majority of the arrangements.  The Company does not adjust the transaction price for a significant financing component when the performance obligation is expected to be fulfilled within a year.

Nature of goods and services

The following is a description of principal activities from which the Company generates its revenue.

(i)Sales of Fuel Cell Systems and Related Infrastructure

Revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure represents sales of our GenDrive units, GenSure stationary backup power units, as well as hydrogen fueling infrastructure.

The Company considers list prices, as well as historical average pricing approaches to determine standalone selling prices.  Once relative standalone selling prices are determined, the Company proportionately allocates the sale consideration to each performance obligation within the customer arrangement. The allocated sales consideration related to fuel cell systems and infrastructure, spare parts, and hydrogen infrastructure is recognized at a point in time, when the performance obligation has been satisfied, which usually occurs at shipment if title and risk of loss have passed to the customer or upon commissioning.

(ii)Services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure

Revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure represents revenue earned on our service and maintenance contracts and sales of spare parts. The sales consideration allocated to services as discussed above is generally recognized as revenue over time on a straight-line basis over the expected service period.

In a vast majority of its commercial transactions, the Company sells extended maintenance contracts that generally provide for a five to ten year service period from the date of product installation. Services include monitoring, technical support, maintenance and services that provide for 97-98% uptime of the fleet. These services are accounted for as a separate performance obligation, and accordingly, revenue generated from these transactions, subject to the proportional allocation of sale consideration, is deferred and recognized in income over the term of the contract, generally on a straight-line basis. Additionally, the Company may enter into annual service and extended maintenance contracts that are billed monthly. Revenue generated from these transactions is recognized in income on a straight-line basis over the term of the contract. Costs are recognized as incurred over the term of the contract. Sales of spare parts are included within service revenue on the accompanying consolidated statement of operations. When costs are projected to exceed revenues over the life of the contract, an accrual for loss contracts is recorded.  Costs are estimated based upon historical experience and consider the estimated impact of the Company’s cost reduction initiatives.  The actual results may differ from these estimates.

When costs are projected to exceed revenues over the life of an extended maintenance contract, an accrual for loss contracts is recorded.  Costs are estimated based upon historical experience and consider the estimated impact of the Company’s cost reduction initiatives.  The actual results may differ from these estimates.

Upon expiration of the extended maintenance contracts, customers either choose to extend the contract or switch to purchasing spare parts and maintaining the fuel cell systems on their own.

(iii)Power Purchase Agreements

Revenue from PPAs primarily represents payments received from customers who make monthly payments to access the Company’s GenKey solution.

When fuel cell systems and related infrastructure are provided to customers through a PPA, revenues associated with these agreements are treated as rental income and recognized on a straight-line basis over the life of the agreements.  In conjunction with entering into a PPA with a customer, the Company may enter into sale/leaseback transactions with third-party financial institutions, whereby the fuel cells, a majority of the related infrastructure, and, in some cases service are sold to the third-party financial institution and leased back to the Company through either an operating or capital lease.

Certain of the Company’s sale/leaseback transactions with third-party financial institutions are required to be accounted for as capital leases.  As a result, no upfront revenue was recognized at the closing of these transactions and a finance obligation for each lease was established.  The fuel cell systems and related infrastructure that are provided to customers through these PPAs are considered leased property on the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated balance sheet.  Costs to service the leased property, depreciation of the leased property, and other related costs are considered cost of PPA revenue on the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated statement of operations.  Interest cost associated with capital leases is presented within interest and other expense, net on the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated statement of operations.

Each PPA entered into before December 31, 2015 had a corresponding sale/leaseback transaction with a third-party financial institution, which was required to be accounted for as an operating lease. The Company has rental expense associated with these sale/leaseback agreements with financial institutions.  Rental expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the life of the agreements and is characterized as cost of PPA revenue on the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated statement of operations.

(iv)Fuel Delivered to Customers

Revenue associated with fuel delivered to customers represents the sale of hydrogen to customers that has been purchased by the Company from a third party or generated on site.

The Company purchases hydrogen fuel from suppliers and sells to its customers upon delivery.  Revenue and cost of revenue related to this fuel is recorded as dispensed, and is included in the respective “Fuel delivered to customers” lines on the unaudited interim consolidated statements of operations.

(v)Other

Other revenue primarily represents cost reimbursement research and development contracts associated with the development of PEM fuel cell technology.

Contract accounting is used for research and development contract revenue. The Company generally shares in the cost of these programs with cost sharing percentages ranging from 30% to 50% of total project costs. Revenue from time and material contracts is recognized on the basis of hours expended plus other reimbursable contract costs incurred during the period and is included within the “other” revenue line on the unaudited interim consolidated statement of operations. All allowable work performed through the end of each calendar quarter is billed, subject to limitations in the respective contracts.

Contract costs

The Company expects that incremental commission fees paid to employees as a result of obtaining sales contracts are recoverable and therefore the Company capitalizes them as contract costs.

Capitalized commission fees are amortized on a straight line basis over the period of time over which the transfer of goods or services to which the assets relate occur, typically ranging from 5 to 10 years. Amortization of the capitalized commission fees is included in selling, general, and administrative expenses.

The Company recognizes the incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the assets that the Company otherwise would have recognized is one year or less. These costs are included in selling, general, and administrative expenses.

During 2017, the Company issued warrants to Amazon.com, Inc. and Wal-mart Stores, Inc. The fair value of warrants associated with each of these transactions are accounted for as revenue incentives as described in Note 11, Warrant Transaction Agreements.

Adoption of ASC Topic 606 - Transition Approach

As discussed in Recent Accounting Pronouncements, on January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC Topic 606), which offers two transition approaches: full retrospective and modified retrospective. The Company chose the modified retrospective approach as its transition method and will not experience a significant effect on the timing and amount of revenue recognized or the amount of revenue allocated to the identified performance obligations. There was an insignificant amount of historical contract acquisition costs that were expensed and were not capitalized upon adoption of ASC Topic 606. However, upon adoption, contract acquisition costs of $0.1 million were capitalized and are being amortized as described above.

Cash Equivalents

Cash equivalents consist of money market accounts with an initial term of less than three months. At June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, cash equivalents consist of money market accounts. For purposes of the unaudited interim consolidated statements of cash flows, the Company considers all highly-liquid debt instruments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents.  The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are deposited with financial institutions located in the U.S. and may at times exceed insured limits.

Common Stock Warrant Accounting

The Company accounts for common stock warrants as either derivative liabilities or as equity instruments depending on the specific terms of the warrant agreement.

Derivative Liabilities

Registered common stock warrants that require the issuance of registered shares upon exercise and do not sufficiently preclude an implied right to cash settlement are accounted for as derivative liabilities. We currently classify these derivative warrant liabilities on the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated balance sheets as a long-term liability, which are revalued at each balance sheet date subsequent to the initial issuance, using the Black-Scholes pricing model. This pricing model, which is based, in part, upon unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data, requires the Company to develop its own assumptions. Changes in the fair value of the warrants are reflected in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated statements of operations as change in fair value of common stock warrant liability.

Equity Instruments

Common stock warrants that meet certain applicable requirements of ASC Topic 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity, and other related guidance, including the ability of the Company to settle the warrants without the issuance of registered shares or the absence of rights of the grantee to require cash settlement, are accounted for as equity instruments. The Company classifies these equity instruments within additional paid-in capital on the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated balance sheets. Common stock warrants accounted for as equity instruments represent the warrants issued to Amazon.com, Inc. and Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. as discussed in Note 11.  These warrants are remeasured at each financial reporting date prior to vesting, using the Monte Carlo pricing model.  Once these warrants vest, they are no longer remeasured.  This pricing model, which is based, in part, upon unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data, requires the Company to develop its own assumptions. Changes in fair value resulting from remeasurement of common stock warrants issued in connection with the Amazon Transaction Agreement and the Walmart Transaction Agreement, as described in Note 11, Warrant Transaction Agreements, and are recorded as cumulative catch up adjustments as a reduction of revenue.

Convertible Senior Notes

The Company accounts for the issued Convertible Senior Notes with separate liability and equity components. The carrying amount of the liability component was initially determined by estimating the fair value of a similar debt instrument that does not have an associated convertible feature. The carrying amount of the equity component representing the conversion option was determined by deducting the estimated fair value of the liability component from the par value of the Convertible Senior Notes as a whole as of the date of issuance. This difference represents a debt discount that is amortized to interest expense, with a corresponding increase to the carrying amount of the liability component, over the term of the Convertible Senior Notes using the effective interest rate method. The equity component is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification. The Company has allocated issuance costs incurred to the liability and equity components. Issuance costs attributable to the liability component are being amortized to expense over the respective term of the Convertible Senior Notes, and issuance costs attributable to the equity components were netted with the respective equity component in additional paid-in capital.

Use of Estimates

The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, which require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Reclassifications

Reclassifications are made, whenever necessary, to prior period financial statements to conform to the current period presentation.  These reclassifications did not have a net impact on the results of operations or net cash flows in the periods presented.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2014, an accounting update was issued that replaces the existing revenue recognition framework regarding contracts with customers. The Company adopted this accounting update as of January 1, 2018. The standard outlines a five-step model whereby revenue is recognized as performance obligations within a contract are satisfied. The standard also requires new, expanded disclosures regarding revenue recognition. The Company did not experience a significant effect on the timing and amount of revenue recognized or the amount of revenue allocated to the identified performance obligations. There is an insignificant amount of historical contract acquisition costs that were expensed under prior guidance and were not capitalized upon adoption of ASC Topic 606. However, in subsequent periods, contract acquisition costs are capitalized in accordance with ASC Topic 606 (see Note 12, Revenue).

In October 2016, an accounting update was issued to simplify how an entity should recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs.  Consequently, the amendments in this update eliminate the exception for an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory.  Two common examples of assets included in the scope of this update are intellectual property and property, plant, and equipment.  The Company adopted this update on January 1, 2018 and it did not have any effect on the consolidated financial statements because our net tax position is zero.

In November 2016, an accounting update was issued to reduce the existing diversity in the classification and presentation of changes in restricted cash on the statement of cash flows. This accounting update was adopted retrospectively by the Company on January 1, 2018. The adoption of this update impacts the cash flows from financing activities due to the change in the presentation of restricted cash within the consolidated statement of cash flows. Net cash flows from financing activities and change in cash and cash equivalents, which now includes restricted cash, for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, decreased by $2.8 million and $2.6 million, respectively.

Recently Issued and Not Yet Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2018, an accounting update was issued to simplify the accounting for nonemployee share-based payment transactions  resulting from expanding the scope of ASC Topic 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. An entity should apply the requirements of ASC Topic 718 to nonemployee awards except for specific guidance on inputs to an option pricing model and the attribution of cost (that is, the period of time over which share-based payment awards vest and the pattern of cost recognition over that period). The amendments specify that ASC Topic 718 applies to all share-based payment transactions in which a grantor acquires goods or services to be used or consumed in a grantor’s own operations by issuing share-based payment awards. The amendments also clarify that ASC Topic 718 does not apply to share-based payments used to effectively provide (1) financing to the issuer or (2) awards granted in conjunction with selling goods or services to customers as part of a contract accounted for under ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The amendments in this accounting update are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that fiscal year. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than an entity’s adoption date of ASC Topic 606. The Company is evaluating whether to early adopt this accounting update during the remainder of 2018. 

In February 2016, an accounting update was issued which requires balance sheet recognition for operating leases, among other changes to previous lease guidance.  This accounting update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018.  The Company has established an internal implementation team to oversee the adoption of the new standard, and has estimated the impact this accounting update will have on its consolidated financial statements. When adopted, the Company expects there to be an increase in finance obligations of over $30.0 million, which represents the future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases, as lessee, and a corresponding addition of a right-of-use asset.  Any cumulative effect of the adoption recorded to accumulated deficit is not expected to be significant.  The Company also does not expect there to be a significant net effect on its consolidated statements of operations in the current or prior periods, however what was previously presented as rent expense related to operating leases will be recognized as interest expense on the Company’s minimum lease obligation and depreciation of its right-of-use asset. In July 2018, an accounting update was issued to make technical amendments to the previous update, including the addition of a new optional transition method. The Company is evaluating whether to early adopt this accounting update during the remainder of 2018.  The Company is also evaluating the transition method of adoption. 

In January 2017, an accounting update was issued to simplify how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test.  Step 2 measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. This accounting update is effective for years beginning after December 15, 2019.  Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is evaluating the impact this update will have on the consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, an accounting update was issued to reduce the existing diversity in practice in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows.  This accounting update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period.  The Company is evaluating the impact this update will have on the consolidated financial statements.

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Earnings Per Share

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Earnings Per Share.

Earnings Per Share

3.  Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per common share are computed by dividing net loss attributable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock (such as stock options, unvested restricted stock, common stock warrants, preferred stock, and Convertible Senior Notes) were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock (net of any assumed repurchases where applicable) that then shared in the earnings of the Company, if any. This is computed by dividing net earnings by the combination of dilutive common share equivalents, which is comprised of shares issuable under outstanding warrants, the conversion of preferred stock, and the Company’s share-based compensation plans, Convertible Senior Notes and the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. In general, when the Company is in a net loss position, most common stock equivalents would be considered to be anti-dilutive and are, therefore, not included in the determination of diluted earnings per share. Accordingly, basic and diluted loss per share are the same.

While the Company plans to settle the principal amount of the Convertible Senior Notes in cash subject to available funding at time of settlement, we currently use the if-converted method for calculating any potential dilutive effect of the conversion option on diluted net income per share, subject to meeting the criteria for using the treasury stock method in future periods. As noted above, the Company is in a net loss position. The conversion option would have a dilutive impact on net loss per share of common stock when the average market price of the Company’s common stock for a given period exceeds the conversion price of the Convertible Senior Notes of $2.29 per share. During the six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company's weighted average common stock price was below the conversion price of the Convertible Senior Notes. The shares of common stock purchased in connection with issuance of the Convertible Senior Notes are excluded from weighted-average shares outstanding for basic and diluted earnings per share purposes although they remain legally outstanding. See Note 8, Convertible Senior Notes, for a detailed description of their issuance.

The dilutive potential common shares are summarized as follows:

	At June 30,
	2018	2017
Stock options outstanding (1)	19,977,576	15,016,609
Restricted stock outstanding	207,347	248,077
Common stock warrants (2)	115,824,142	60,537,546
Preferred stock (3)	2,782,075	5,554,594
Convertible Senior Notes	43,630,020	—
Number of dilutive potential common shares	182,421,160	81,356,826

(1) During the three months ended June  30, 2018 and 2017, the Company granted 484,667 and 314,511 stock options, respectively.    During the six months ended June  30, 2018 and 2017, the Company granted 484,667 and 450,863 stock options, respectively.

(2) In February 2013, the Company issued 23,637,500 warrants as part of an underwritten public offering with an exercise price of $0.15 per warrant.  Of these warrants issued in February 2013, zero and 100 were unexercised as of June  30, 2018 and 2017.

In January 2014, the Company issued 4,000,000 warrants as part of an underwritten public offering with an exercise price of $4.00 per warrant. In December 2016, as a result of additional public offerings, and pursuant to the effect of the anti-dilution provisions of these warrants, the exercise price of the $4.00 warrants was reduced to $0.65. Of these warrants issued in January 2014, all 4,000,000 warrants were exercised during 2017, as described in Note 9, Stockholders’ Equity. 

In December 2016, the Company issued 10,501,500 warrants as part of two concurrent underwritten public offerings with an exercise price of $1.50 per warrant.  Of these warrants issued in December 2016, all 10,501,500 warrants were exercised during 2017, as described in Note 9, Stockholders’ Equity.

In April 2017, the Company issued 5,250,750 warrants with an exercise price of $2.69 per warrant, as described in Note 9, Stockholders’ Equity.  Of these warrants issued in April 2017, none have been exercised as of June 30, 2018.

In April 2017, the Company issued warrants to acquire up to 55,286,696 of the Company’s common stock as part of a transaction agreement, subject to certain vesting events, as described in Note 11, Warrant Transaction Agreements.  Of these warrants issued, none have been exercised as of June 30, 2018.

In July 2017, the Company issued warrants to acquire up to 55,286,696 of the Company’s common stock as part of a transaction agreement, subject to certain vesting events, as described in Note 11, Warrant Transaction Agreements. Of these warrants issued, none have been exercised as of June 30, 2018.

(3) The preferred stock amount represents the dilutive potential common shares of the Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock, based on the conversion price of the preferred stock as of June  30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.  Of the 10,431 Series C redeemable preferred stock issued on May 16, 2013, 7,811 and 5,200 had been converted to common stock through June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, with the remainder still outstanding.  Of the 18,500 Series D redeemable convertible preferred stock issued on December 22, 2016, 3,700 shares were redeemed during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and the remaining 14,800 were converted to common stock during the second quarter of 2017.

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Inventory

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Inventory.

Inventory

4.  Inventory

Inventory as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 consists of the following (in thousands):

	June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Raw materials and supplies	$	34,689	$	42,851
Work-in-process		4,584		3,492
Finished goods		3,015		2,433
	$	42,288	$	48,776

Raw materials and supplies include spare parts inventory held at service locations valued at $4.7 million and $5.5 million as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

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Leased Property

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Leased Property

Leased Property

5. Leased Property

Leased property at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 consists of the following (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2018		2017
Leased property	$	112,015	$	98,877
Less: accumulated depreciation		(16,394)		(11,812)
Leased property, net	$	95,621	$	87,065

Depreciation expense related to leased property was $2.4 million and $1.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.  Depreciation expense related to leased property was $4.6 million and $3.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. 

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Intangible Assets

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Intangible Assets.

Intangible Assets

6. Intangible Assets

The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of the Company’s acquired identifiable intangible assets as of June 30, 2018 are as follows (in thousands):

	Weighted Average
	Amortization	Gross Carrying		Accumulated
	Period	Amount		Amortizatin		Total
Acquired technology	9  years	$	5,966		(1,881)		4,085
Customer relationships	10  years		260		(110)		150
Trademark	5  years		60		(45)		15
		$	6,286	$	(2,036)	$	4,250

The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of the Company’s acquired identifiable intangible assets as of December 31, 2017 are as follows (in thousands):

	Weighted Average
	Amortization	Gross Carrying		Accumulated
	Period	Amount		Amortizatin		Total
Acquired technology	9  years	$	5,200	$	(1,593)	$	3,607
Customer relationships	10  years		260		(97)		163
Trademark	5  years		60		(45)		15
		$	5,520	$	(1,735)	$	3,785

The change in the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of the acquired technology from December 31, 2017 to June 30, 2018 is due to the acquisition of intellectual property from American Fuel Cell LLC in April 2018, as well as changes attributed to foreign currency translation.  As part of the agreement to acquire the intellectual property, the Company shall pay American Fuel Cell LLC milestone payments not to exceed $2.9 million in total, if certain milestones are met by April 2021.

Amortization expense for acquired identifiable intangible assets was $0.2 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.   Amortization expense for acquired identifiable intangible assets was $0.3 million for each of the six month periods ended June 2018 and 2017. Estimated amortization expense for subsequent years is as follows (in thousands):

Remainder of 2018	$	350
2019		593
2020		557
2021		557
2022		557
2023 and thereafter		1,636
Total	$	4,250

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Long-Term Debt

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Long-Term Debt.

Long-Term Debt

7.  Long-Term Debt

On December 23, 2016, the Company, and its subsidiaries Emerging Power Inc. and Emergent Power Inc. entered into a loan and security agreement with NY Green Bank, a Division of the New York State Energy Research & Development Authority (NY Green Bank), pursuant to which NY Green Bank made available to the Company a secured term loan facility in the amount of $25.0 million (Term Loan Facility), subject to certain terms and conditions.  The Company borrowed $25.0 million upon closing and incurred costs of $1.2 million.  On July 21, 2017, the Company and NY Green Bank entered into an amendment to the Term Loan Facility, which among other things, provided for an additional $20.0 million term loan, increasing the size of the total commitment to $45.0 million, amended the interest rate, prepayment penalty (for any prepayment in the calendar year 2017 or 2018, a prepayment charge equal to 7.5% of the advance amount being prepaid will apply) and product deployment and employment targets.  As with the existing facility, the up-sized facility will be repaid primarily as the Company’s various restricted cash balances are released over the term of the facility. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company borrowed the additional $20.0 million of working capital financing and incurred closing costs of $0.5 million. In June 2018, the timing and amount of the remaining principal payments were modified. At June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the outstanding principal balance under the Term Loan Facility was $27.3 million and $32.8 million, respectively.  The fair value of the Term Loan Facility approximates the carrying value as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, due to the variable interest rate of the Term Loan Facility. 

Advances under the Term Loan Facility bear interest at a rate equal to the sum of the LIBOR rate for the applicable interest period, plus applicable margin of 9.5%. The interest rate at June 30, 2018 and 2017 was approximately 11.8% and 11.2%, respectively.  The term of the loan is three years, with a maturity date of December 23, 2019.  As of June 30, 2018, estimated remaining principal payments will be approximately $10.2 million and $17.1 million during the years ending December 31, 2018, and 2019, respectively.  These payments will be funded in part by restricted cash released, as described in Note 15, Commitments and Contingencies.

Interest and a varying portion of the principal amount is payable on a quarterly basis and the entire then outstanding principal balance of the Term Loan Facility, together with all accrued and unpaid interest, is due and payable on the maturity date.  On the maturity date, the Company may also be required to pay additional fees of up to $1.8 million if the Company is unable to meet certain goals related to the deployment of fuel cell systems in the State of New York and increasing the Company’s number of full-time employees in the State of New York.  The Company currently believes that it will meet those goals.

The Term Loan Facility is secured by substantially all of the Company’s and the guarantor subsidiaries’ assets, including, among other assets, all intellectual property, all securities in domestic subsidiaries and 65% of the securities in foreign subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions and exclusions.

The Term Loan Facility contains covenants, including, among others, (i) the provision of annual and quarterly financial statements, management rights and insurance policies and (ii) restrictions on incurring debt, granting liens, making acquisitions, making loans, paying dividends, dissolving, and entering into leases and asset sales.  The Term Loan Facility also provides for events of default, including, among others, payment, bankruptcy, covenant, representation and warranty, change of control, judgment and material adverse effect defaults at the discretion of the lender.

The Term Loan Facility provides that if there is an event of default due to the Company’s insolvency or if the Company fails to perform, in any material respect, the servicing requirements for fuel cell systems under certain customer agreements, which failure would entitle the customer to terminate such customer agreement, replace the Company or withhold the payment of any material amount to the Company under such customer agreement, then the NY Green Bank has the right to cause a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company to replace the Company in performing the maintenance services under such customer agreement.

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Convertible Senior Notes

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Convertible Senior Notes

Convertible Senior Notes

8. Convertible Senior Notes

In March 2018, the Company issued $100.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.5% Convertible Senior Notes due on March 15, 2023, in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.  There are no required principal payments prior to maturity of the Convertible Senior Notes. The total net proceeds from the Convertible Senior Notes are as follows:

	Amount
	(in thousands)
Principal amount	$	100,000
Less initial purchasers' discount		(3,250)
Less cost of related capped call and common stock forward		(43,500)
Less other issuance costs		(894)
Net proceeds	$	52,356

The Convertible Senior Notes bear interest at 5.5%, payable semi-annually in cash on March 15 and September 15 of each year.  The Convertible Senior Notes will mature on March 15, 2023, unless earlier converted or repurchased in accordance with their terms. The Convertible Senior Notes are unsecured and do not contain any financial covenants or any restrictions on the payment of dividends, or the issuance or repurchase of common stock by the Company.

Each $1,000 of principal of the Convertible Senior Notes will initially be convertible into 436.3002 shares of the Company’s common stock, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $2.29 per share, subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of specified events.  Holders of these Convertible Senior Notes may convert their Convertible Senior Notes at their option at any time prior to the close of the last business day immediately preceding September 15, 2022, only under the following circumstances:

1) during any fiscal quarter commencing after the fiscal quarter ending on June 30, 2018 (and only during such fiscal quarter), if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day;

2) during the five business day period after any five consecutive trading day period (the “measurement period”) in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock and the conversion rate for the notes on each such trading day; or

3) upon the occurrence of certain specified corporate events, such as a beneficial owner acquiring more then 50% of the total voting power of the Company’s common stock, recapitalization of the Company, dissolution or liquidation of the Company, or the Company’s common stock ceases to be listed on an active market exchange.

On or after September 15, 2022, holders may convert all or any portion of their Convertible Senior Notes at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date regardless of the foregoing conditions.

Upon conversion of the Convertible Senior Notes, the Company will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock, at the Company’s election.    While the Company plans to settle the principal amount of the Convertible Senior Notes in cash subject to available funding at time of settlement, we currently use the if-converted method for calculating any potential dilutive effect of the conversion option on diluted net income per share, subject to meeting the criteria for using the treasury stock method in future periods.

The conversion rate will be subject to adjustment in some events but will not be adjusted for any accrued or unpaid interest. A holder who converts their Convertible Senior Notes in connection with certain corporate events that constitute a “make-whole fundamental change” per the indenture governing the Convertible Senior Notes are, under certain circumstances, entitled to an increase in the conversion rate. In addition, if the Company undergoes a fundamental change prior to the maturity date, holders may require the Company to repurchase for cash all or a portion of its Convertible Senior Notes at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the repurchased Convertible Senior Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest.

The Company may not redeem the Convertible Senior Notes prior to the maturity date, and no sinking fund is provided for the Convertible Senior Notes.

In accounting for the issuance of the Convertible Senior Notes, the Company separated the Convertible Senior Notes into liability and equity components. The initial carrying amount of the liability component of approximately $58.2 million, net of costs incurred, was calculated by measuring the fair value of a similar liability that does not have an associated convertible feature. The carrying amount of the equity component of approximately $37.7 million, net of costs incurred, representing the conversion option, was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the par value of the Convertible Senior Notes. The difference between the principal amount of the Convertible Senior Notes and the liability component (the “debt discount”) is amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the Convertible Senior Notes.  The effective interest rate is approximately 16.0%. The equity component of the Convertible Senior Notes is included in additional paid-in capital in the consolidated balance sheet and is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification.

We incurred transaction costs related to the issuance of the Convertible Senior Notes of approximately $4.1 million, consisting of initial purchasers' discount of $3.3 million and other issuance costs of approximately $0.8 million. In accounting for the transaction costs, we allocated the total amount incurred to the liability and equity components using the same proportions as the proceeds from the Convertible Senior Notes. Transaction costs attributable to the liability component were approximately $2.4 million, were recorded as debt issuance cost (presented as contra debt in the unaudited interim consolidated balance sheet) and are being amortized to interest expense over the term of the Convertible Senior Notes. The transaction costs attributable to the equity component were approximately $1.7 million and were netted with the equity component in stockholders’ equity.

The Convertible Senior Notes consisted of the following:

Principal amounts:	At June 30, 2018
Principal	$	100,000
Unamortized debt discount (1)		(37,900)
Unamortized debt issuance costs (1)		(2,288)
Net carrying amount	$	59,812
Carrying amount of the equity component (2)	$	37,702

1) Included in the unaudited interim consolidated balance sheet within Convertible Senior Notes, net and amortized over the remaining life of the Convertible senior notes using the effective interest rate method.

2) Included in the unaudited interim consolidated balance sheet within additional paid-in capital, net of $1.7 million in equity issuance costs and associated income tax benefit.

As of June 30, 2018, the remaining life of the Convertible Senior Notes is approximately 57 months.

Based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock of  $2.02 on June 30, 2018, the if-converted value of the Convertible Senior Notes was less than the principal amount.

Capped Call

In conjunction with the issuance of the Convertible Senior Notes, the Company entered into capped call options (Capped Call) on the Company’s stock with certain counterparties at a price of $16.0 million. The net cost incurred in connection with the Capped Call has been recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital in the unaudited interim consolidated balance sheet.

The Capped Call is generally expected to reduce or offset the potential dilution to the Company’s common stock upon any conversion of the Convertible Senior Notes and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted Convertible Senior Notes, as the case may be, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap based on the cap price. The cap price of the capped call transactions will initially be $3.82 per share, which represents a premium of 100% over the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock of $1.91 per share on the date of the transaction, and is subject to certain adjustments under the terms of the Capped Call. The Capped Call becomes exercisable if the conversion option is exercised.

By entering into the Capped Call, the Company expects to reduce the potential dilution to its common stock (or, in the event the conversion is settled in cash, to provide a source of cash to settle a portion of its cash payment obligation) in the event that at the time of conversion its stock price exceeds the conversion price under the Convertible Senior Notes.

Common Stock Forward

In connection with the sale of the Convertible Senior Notes, the Company also entered into a forward stock purchase transaction (Common Stock Forward), pursuant to which the Company agreed to purchase 14,397,906 shares of its common stock for settlement on or about March 15, 2023. The number of shares of common stock that the Company will ultimately repurchase under the Common Stock Forward is subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments. The Common Stock Forward is subject to early settlement or settlement with alternative consideration in the event of certain corporate transactions.

The net cost incurred in connection with the Common Stock Forward of $27.5 million has been recorded as an increase in treasury stock in the unaudited interim consolidated balance sheet.  The related shares were accounted for as a repurchase of common stock.

The fair values of the Capped Call and Common Stock Forward are not remeasured each reporting period. 

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Stockholders' Equity

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity

Stockholders' Equity

9.  Stockholders’Equity

Preferred Stock

The Company has authorized 5.0 million shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share. The Company’s certificate of incorporation provides that shares of preferred stock may be issued from time to time in one or more series. The Company’s Board of Directors is authorized to fix the voting rights, if any, designations, powers, preferences, qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof, applicable to the shares of each series.

The Company has authorized Series A Junior Participating Cumulative Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, there were no shares of Series A Junior Participating Cumulative Preferred Stock issued and outstanding.  See Note 10, Redeemable Preferred Stock, for a description of the Company’s  Series C and D redeemable preferred stock.

Common Stock and Warrants

The Company has one class of common stock, par value $0.01 per share. Each share of the Company’s common stock is entitled to one vote on all matters submitted to stockholders. There were 214,653,162 and 228,486,366 shares of common stock outstanding as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

On December 22, 2016, the Company issued warrants to purchase 10,501,500 shares of common stock in connection with offerings of common stock and Series D Redeemable Preferred Stock at an exercise price of $1.50 per share.  On April 12, 2017, the Company and Tech Opportunities LLC (“Tech Opps”) entered into an agreement, pursuant to which Tech Opps exercised in full its warrants to purchase an aggregate of 10,501,500 shares of common stock.  The net proceeds received by the Company pursuant to the exercise of the existing warrants was $15.1 million and the Company issued to Tech Opps warrants to acquire up to 5,250,750 additional shares of common stock at an exercise price of $2.69 per share.  The warrants were exercisable as of October 12, 2017 and will expire on October 12, 2019. The warrants are subject to anti-dilution provisions in the event of issuance of additional shares of common stock and certain other conditions, as further described in the warrant agreement. 

During April 2017, warrants issued in January 2014 as part of an underwritten public offering with Heights Capital Management Inc., were exercised in full to purchase an aggregate of 4,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, at an exercise price of $0.65 per share. The aggregate cash exercise price paid to the Company pursuant to the exercise of the warrants was $2.6 million.

Pursuant to the exercises of the above warrants, additional paid-in capital was increased $27.1 million and warrant liability reduced by $27.1 million.

During 2013, the Company completed a series of underwritten public offerings. One of the underwritten public offerings included accompanying warrants to purchase common stock. During February 2018, the remaining 100 warrants with an exercise price of $0.15 per share were exercised. There were zero and 100 warrants outstanding as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

During 2017, additional warrants to purchase up to 110,573,392 shares of common stock were issued in connection with transaction agreements with Amazon and Walmart, as discussed in Note 11.  In connection with these agreements, warrants to acquire 18,913,869 shares of common stock have vested and are therefore exercisable as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.  These warrants are measured at fair value and are classified as equity instruments on the consolidated balance sheets.

At Market Issuance Sales Agreement

On April 3, 2017, the Company entered into an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement (the “Sales Agreement”) with FBR Capital Markets & Co., as sales agent (“FBR”), pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time through FBR, shares of common stock par value $0.01 per share having an aggregate offering price of up to $75.0 million.  The Company has raised $23.0 million to date. Under the Sales Agreement, in no event shall the Company issue or sell through FBR such a number of shares that exceeds the number of shares or dollar amount of common stock registered. During the six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company did not offer any shares pursuant to the Sales Agreement.

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Redeemable Preferred Stock

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Redeemable Preferred Stock

Redeemable Preferred Stock

10.  Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock

In December 2016, the Company completed an offering of an aggregate of 18,500 shares of the Company’s Series D Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (Series D Preferred Stock) and warrants to purchase 7,381,500 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share (Common Stock), resulting in aggregate proceeds of approximately $15.6 million.  During the three months ended March 31, 2017, the Company redeemed 3,700 shares of the Series D Preferred Stock, at an aggregate redemption price of approximately $3.7 million.  On April 5, 2017, all of the remaining outstanding shares of the Series D Preferred Stock were converted into an aggregate of 9,548,393 shares of the Company’s common stock at a conversion price of $1.55.  The conversion was done at the election of the holder in accordance with the terms of the offering. After the conversion, no shares of Series D Preferred Stock remain outstanding. In December 2017, the series was deauthorized by the Board of Directors.

During the third quarter of  2017, 2,611 shares of the Company’s Series C Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (Series C Preferred Stock) were converted to common stock.  At June 30, 2018, there were 2,620 shares of Series C Preferred Stock outstanding. 

In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, or other deemed liquidation event, as defined in the Securities Purchase Agreement, the holder of the Series C Redeemable Preferred Stock will be entitled to be paid an amount per share equal to the greater of (i) the original issue price, plus any accrued but unpaid dividends or (ii) the amount per share that would have been payable had all shares of the Series C Redeemable Preferred Stock been converted to shares of common stock immediately prior to such liquidation event. The Series C Redeemable Preferred Stock is redeemable at the election of the holder of the Series C Redeemable Preferred Stock or the Company.

The holder of the Series C Redeemable Preferred Stock is entitled to receive dividends at a rate of 8% per annum, based on the original issue price per share of $248.794, payable in equal quarterly installments in cash or in shares of common stock, at the Company’s option. During the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, dividends have been paid in the form of shares of common stock. Each share of Series C Redeemable Preferred Stock is convertible into shares of common stock with the number of shares of common stock issuable upon conversion determined by dividing the original issue price per share of $248.794 by the conversion price in effect at the time the shares are converted. The conversion price of the Series C Redeemable Preferred Stock as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was $0.2343. The Series C Redeemable Preferred Stock votes together with the common stock on an as-converted basis on all matters.

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Warrant Transaction Agreements

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Warrant Transaction Agreements

Warrant Transaction Agreements

11.  Warrant Transaction Agreements

Amazon.com, Inc.

On April 4, 2017, the Company and Amazon.com, Inc. (“Amazon”) entered into a Transaction Agreement (the “Amazon Transaction Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue to Amazon.com NV Investment Holdings LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Amazon, warrants to acquire up to 55,286,696 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Amazon Warrant Shares”), subject to certain vesting events described below. The Company and Amazon entered into the Amazon Transaction Agreement in connection with existing commercial agreements between the Company and Amazon with respect to the deployment of the Company’s GenKey fuel cell technology at Amazon distribution centers. The existing commercial agreements contemplate, but do not guarantee, future purchase orders for the Company’s fuel cell technology. Additionally, Amazon and Plug Power will begin working together on technology collaboration, exploring the expansion of applications for Plug Power’s line of ProGen fuel cell engines.  The vesting of the Amazon Warrant Shares is linked to payments made by Amazon or its affiliates (directly or indirectly through third parties) pursuant to the existing commercial agreements.

The majority of the Amazon Warrant Shares will vest based on Amazon’s payment of up to $600.0 million to the Company in connection with Amazon’s purchase of goods and services from the Company. The first tranche of 5,819,652 Amazon Warrant Shares vested upon the execution of the Amazon Transaction Agreement.  Accordingly, $6.7 million, the fair value of the first tranche of Amazon Warrant Shares, was recognized as selling, general and administrative expense on the unaudited interim consolidated statement of operations during 2017 as this was considered to be marketing in nature and not a revenue incentive cost or contract acquisition cost. The second tranche of 29,098,260 Amazon Warrant Shares will vest in four installments of 7,274,565 Amazon Warrant Shares each time Amazon or its affiliates, directly or indirectly through third parties, make an aggregate of $50.0 million in payments for goods and services to the Company, up to payments totaling $200.0 million in the aggregate. The exercise price for the first and second tranches of Amazon Warrant Shares will be $1.1893 per share. After Amazon has made payments to the Company totaling $200.0 million, the third tranche of 20,368,784 Amazon Warrant Shares will vest in eight installments of 2,546,098 Amazon Warrant Shares each time Amazon or its affiliates, directly or indirectly through third parties, make an aggregate of $50.0 million in payments for goods and services to the Company, up to payments totaling $400.0 million in the aggregate. The exercise price of the third tranche of Amazon Warrant Shares will be an amount per share equal to ninety percent (90%) of the 30-day volume weighted average share price of the common stock as of the final vesting date of the second tranche of Amazon Warrant Shares. The Amazon Warrant Shares are exercisable through April 4, 2027.

The Amazon Warrant Shares provide for net share settlement that, if elected by the holders, will reduce the number of shares issued upon exercise to reflect net settlement of the exercise price. The Amazon Warrant Shares provide for certain adjustments that may be made to the exercise price and the number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise due to customary anti-dilution provisions based on future events.  These warrants are classified as equity instruments.

Because the Amazon Warrant Shares contain performance criteria (i.e. aggregate purchase levels), which Amazon must achieve for the Amazon Warrant Shares to vest, as detailed above, the final measurement date for the Amazon Warrant Shares is the date on which the Amazon Warrant Shares vest. Prior to the final measurement, when achievement of the performance criteria has been deemed probable, the estimated fair value of Amazon Warrant Shares is being recorded as a reduction to revenue and an addition to additional paid-in capital based on the projected number of Amazon Warrant Shares expected to vest, the proportion of purchases by Amazon and its affiliates within the period relative to the aggregate purchase levels required for the Amazon Warrant Shares to vest and the then-current fair value of the related Amazon Warrant Shares. To the extent that projections change in the future as to the number of Amazon Warrant Shares that will vest, as well as changes in the fair value of the Amazon Warrant Shares, a cumulative catch-up adjustment will be recorded in the period in which the estimates change.

At June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017,  13,094,217 of the Amazon Warrant Shares have vested.  The amount of provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue during the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was $3.6 million and $1.8 million, respectively.  The amount of provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction of revenue during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was $5.3 million and $1.8 million, respectively.    

Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.

On July 20, 2017, the Company and Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (“Walmart”) entered into a Transaction Agreement (the “Walmart Transaction Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue to Walmart a warrant to acquire up to 55,286,696 shares of the Company’s common stock, subject to certain vesting events (the “Walmart Warrant Shares”). The Company and Walmart entered into the Walmart Transaction Agreement in connection with existing commercial agreements between the Company and Walmart with respect to the deployment of the Company’s GenKey fuel cell technology across various Walmart distribution centers. The existing commercial agreements contemplate, but do not guarantee, future purchase orders for the Company’s fuel cell technology. The vesting of the warrant shares, is linked to payments made by Walmart or its affiliates (directly or indirectly through third parties) pursuant to transactions entered into after January 1, 2017 under existing commercial agreements.

The majority of the Walmart Warrant Shares will vest based on Walmart’s payment of up to $600.0 million to the Company in connection with Walmart’s purchase of goods and services from the Company. The first tranche of 5,819,652 Walmart Warrant Shares vested upon the execution of the Walmart Transaction Agreement.  Accordingly, $10.9 million, the fair value of the first tranche of Walmart Warrant Shares, was recorded as a provision for common stock warrants and presented as a reduction to revenue on the unaudited interim consolidated statement of operations during 2017. The second tranche of 29,098,260 Walmart Warrant Shares will vest in four installments of 7,274,565 Walmart Warrant Shares each time Walmart or its affiliates, directly or indirectly through third parties, make an aggregate of $50.0 million in payments for goods and services to the Company, up to payments totaling $200.0 million in the aggregate. The exercise price for the first and second tranches of Walmart Warrant Shares will be $2.1231 per share. After Walmart has made payments to the Company totaling $200.0 million, the third tranche of 20,368,784 Walmart Warrant Shares will vest in eight installments of 2,546,098 Walmart Warrant Shares each time Walmart or its affiliates, directly or indirectly through third parties, make an aggregate of $50.0 million in payments for goods and services to the Company, up to payments totaling $400.0 million in the aggregate. The exercise price of the third tranche of Walmart Warrant Shares will be an amount per share equal to ninety percent (90%) of the 30-day volume weighted average share price of the common stock as of the final vesting date of the second tranche of Walmart Warrant Shares, provided that, with limited exceptions, the exercise price for the third tranche will be no lower than $1.1893. The Walmart Warrant Shares are exercisable through July 20, 2027.

The Walmart Warrant Shares provide for net share settlement that, if elected by the holders, will reduce the number of shares issued upon exercise to reflect net settlement of the exercise price. The Walmart Warrant Shares provide for certain adjustments that may be made to the exercise price and the number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise due to customary anti-dilution provisions based on future events.  These warrants are classified as equity instruments.

Because the Walmart Warrant Shares contain performance criteria (i.e. aggregate purchase levels), which Walmart must achieve for the Walmart Warrant Shares to vest, as detailed above, the final measurement date for the Walmart Warrant Shares is the date on which the Walmart Warrant Shares vest. Prior to the final measurement, when achievement of the performance criteria has been deemed probable, the estimated fair value of Walmart Warrant Shares is being recorded as a reduction to revenue and an addition to additional paid-in capital based on the projected number of Walmart Warrant Shares expected to vest, the proportion of purchases by Walmart and its affiliates within the period relative to the aggregate purchase levels required for the Walmart Warrant Shares to vest and the then-current fair value of the related Walmart Warrant Shares. To the extent that projections change in the future as to the number of Walmart Warrant Shares that will vest, as well as changes in the fair value of the Walmart Warrant Shares, a cumulative catch-up adjustment will be recorded in the period in which the estimates change.

At June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017,  5,819,652 of the Walmart Warrant Shares have vested.  The amount of provision for common stock warrants recorded as a reduction to revenue during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 was $0.3 million and $0.5 million, respectively.

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Revenue

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Revenue

Revenue

12. Revenue

Disaggregation of revenue

In the following table, revenue is disaggregated by major product line and timing of revenue recognition (in thousands):

Major products/services lines	Three months ended				Six months ended
	June 30, 2018		June 30, 2017		June 30, 2018		June 30, 2017
Sales of fuel cell systems	$	14,633	$	5,582	$	21,207	$	7,400
Sale of hydrogen installations and other infrastructure		5,989		2,978		10,873		3,357
Services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure		7,188		5,049		13,786		10,198
Power Purchase Agreements		5,629		4,945		11,118		9,256
Fuel delivered to customers		6,488		3,986		12,023		7,477
Other		—		64		—		151
Total gross revenue	$	39,927	$	22,604	$	69,007	$	37,839

Contract balances

The following table provides information about receivables, contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers (in thousands):

	June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Accounts receivable	$	31,509	$	15,331
Contract assets		6,246		9,316
Contract liabilities		49,088		46,777

The contract assets relate to the Company’s rights to consideration for work completed but not billed. These amounts are included within prepaid expenses and other current assets on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

The contract liabilities relate to the advance consideration received from customers for services that will be recognized over time (primarily fuel cell and related infrastructure services). These amounts are included within deferred revenue and finance obligations on the accompanying consolidated interim balance sheets. A portion of the finance obligation balance has restricted cash held in escrow, which will be released over the contract period.

Significant changes in the contract assets and the contract liabilities balances during the period are as follows (in thousands):

Contract assets	Six months ended
	June 30, 2018
Transferred to receivables from contract assets recognized at the beginning of the period	$	(5,502)
Revenue recognized and not billed as of the end of the period		2,432
Net change in contract assets	$	(3,070)

Contract liabilities	Six months ended
	June 30, 2018
Revenue recognized that was included in the contract liability balance as the beginning of the period	$	4,608
Increases due to cash received, net of amounts recognized as revenue during the period		(6,919)
Net change in contract liabilities	$	(2,311)

Estimated future revenue

The following table includes estimated revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) at the end of the reporting period (in thousands):

	June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Sales of fuel cell systems	$	13,478	$	26,298
Sale of hydrogen installations and other infrastructure		8,281		15,512
Services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure		77,496		89,079
Power Purchase Agreements		122,659		130,042
Total estimated future revenue	$	221,914	$	260,931

All consideration from contracts with customers is included in the amounts presented above.

Contract costs

Contract costs consists of capitalized commission fees and other expenses related to obtaining or fulfilling a contract.

Capitalized contract costs at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were $0.1 million and zero, respectively. Expense related to the amortization of capitalized contract costs was not significant for the three or six months ended June 30, 2018.

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Income Taxes

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Income Taxes.

Income Taxes

13.  Income Taxes

The Company recognized an income tax benefit for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 of $2.9 million and $5.9 million, respectively, as a result of the intraperiod tax allocation rules under ASC Topic 740-20, Intraperiod Tax Allocation, under which the Company recognized a benefit for current losses as a result of an entry to additional paid-in capital related to the issuance of the Convertible Senior Notes discussed in Note 8. The Company has not changed its overall conclusion with respect to the need for a valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets, which remain fully reserved.

The remaining net deferred tax asset generated from the Company’s net operating loss has been offset by a full valuation allowance because it is more likely than not that the tax benefits of the net operating loss carry forward will not be realized. The Company also recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits, if any, as a component of income tax expense.

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Fair Value Measurements

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Fair Value Measurements.

Fair Value Measurements

14.  Fair Value Measurements

Convertible Senior Notes

The fair value of the Convertible Senior Notes was $60.6 million on issuance.  The fair value was determined based on Level 3 inputs, including assumed volatility of 45.0%.  The Company carries the Convertible Senior Notes at face value less an unamortized discount on its consolidated balance sheet, and presents the fair value for required disclosure purposes only.  At June 30, 2018, the carrying value of the Convertible Senior Notes, excluding unamortized debt issue costs, approximates the fair value.  For further information on the Convertible Senior Notes see Note 8.

Derivative Liabilities

The Company’s common stock warrant liability represents the only asset or liability classified financial instrument measured at fair value on a recurring basis in the unaudited interim consolidated balance sheets.  The fair value measurement is determined by using Level 3 inputs due to the lack of active and observable markets that can be used to price identical assets.  Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs and should be used to determine fair value only when observable inputs are not available.  Unobservable inputs should be developed based on the best information available in the circumstances, which might include internally generated data and assumptions being used to price the asset or liability.

Fair value of the common stock warrant liability is based on the Black-Scholes pricing model which is based, in part, upon unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data, requiring the Company to develop its own assumptions.

The Company used the following assumptions for its liability-classified common stock warrants:

	Six months ended
	June 30, 2018	June 30, 2017
Risk-free interest rate	1.64% - 2.43%	1.01% - 2.01%
Volatility	18.40% - 81.69%	62.0% - 108.77%
Expected average term	0.01 - 1.53	0.64 - 5.23

There was no expected dividend yield for the warrants granted.

If factors change and different assumptions are used, the warrant liability and the change in estimated fair value could be materially different. Generally, as the market price of our common stock increases, the fair value of the warrants increase, and conversely, as the market price of our common stock decreases, the fair value of the warrants decrease. Also, a significant increase in the volatility of the market price of the Company’s common stock, in isolation, would result in significantly higher fair value measurements; and a significant decrease in volatility would result in significantly lower fair value measurements.

The following table shows the activity in the common stock warrant liability (in thousands):

	Six months ended
Common stock warrant liability	June 30, 2018		June 30, 2017
Beginning of period	$	4,391	$	11,387
Change in fair value of common stock warrants		(1,592)		14,576
Issuance of common stock warrants		—		4,905
Exercise of common stock warrants		—		(27,089)
End of period	$	2,799	$	3,779

Equity Instruments

The fair value measurement of the Company’s equity-classified common stock warrants further described in Note 11, Warrant Transaction Agreements, is determined by using Level 3 inputs due to the lack of active and observable markets that can be used to price identical instruments. 

Fair value of the equity-classified common stock warrants is based on the Monte Carlo pricing model which is based, in part, upon unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data, requiring the Company to develop its own assumptions.

The Company used the following assumptions for its equity-classified common stock warrants:

	Six months ended
	June 30, 2018	June 30, 2017
Risk-free interest rate	2.72% - 2.80%	2.36%
Volatility	85.00%	85.00%
Expected average term	8.76-9.30	9.76-10.00

The Monte Carlo pricing models used in the determination of the fair value of the equity-classified warrants also incorporate assumptions involving future revenues associated with Amazon and Walmart, and related timing.

The following table represents the fair value per warrant on the execution date of the transaction agreements and as of June 30, 2018:

		Amazon Warrant Shares		Walmart Warrant Shares
Issuance date - first tranche	$	1.15	$	1.88
As of vesting date - second tranche, first installment		2.16		—
As of period end - second tranche		1.71		1.56

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Commitment and Contingencies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Commitments and Contingencies.

Commitments and Contingencies

15.  Commitments and Contingencies

Operating Leases

As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company has several non-cancelable operating leases (as lessor and as lessee), primarily associated with sale/leaseback transactions that are partially secured by restricted cash (see also Note 1) as summarized below.  These leases expire over the next six years. Minimum rent payments under operating leases are recognized on a straight‑line basis over the term of the lease.  Leases where the Company is the lessor contain termination clauses with associated penalties, the amount of which cause the likelihood of cancelation to be remote.

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases (with initial or remaining lease terms in excess of one year) as of June 30, 2018 are (in thousands):

	As Lessor		As Lessee
Remainder of 2018	$	11,875	$	7,016
2019		23,619		12,914
2020		21,928		11,612
2021		17,336		7,032
2022		9,085		1,554
2023 and thereafter		8,621		2,290
Total future minimum lease payments	$	92,464	$	42,418

Rental expense for all operating leases was $3.6 million and $3.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.  Rental expense for all operating leases was $7.0 million and $6.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. 

At June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, prepaid rent and security deposits associated with sale/leaseback transactions were $11.1 million and $11.3 million, respectively.  At June 30, 2018,  $1.8 million of the amount is included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and $9.3 million was included in other assets on the unaudited interim consolidated balance sheet.  At December 31, 2017,  $1.8 million of this amount was included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and $9.5 million was included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet.

Finance Obligations

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company entered into sale/leaseback transactions, which were accounted for as capital leases and reported as part of finance obligations on the Company’s unaudited interim consolidated balance sheet.  In June 2018, the timing and amount of the lease payments from certain previous sale/leaseback transactions were modified to extend the due date. The outstanding balance of finance obligations related to sale/leaseback transactions at June 30, 2018 was $64.6 million.  The fair value of the finance obligation approximates the carrying value as of  June 30, 2018.

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable capital leases related to sale/leaseback transactions (with initial or remaining lease terms in excess of one year) as of June 30, 2018 are (in thousands):

	Total		Imputed		Net Present
	Payments		Interest		Value
2018	$	25,528	$	3,322	$	22,206
2019		19,930		2,403		17,527
2020		6,042		1,800		4,242
2021		6,043		1,316		4,727
2022		4,296		705		3,591
2023 and thereafter		11,510		1,021		10,489
Total future minimum lease payments	$	73,349	$	10,567	$	62,782

In prior years, the Company received cash for future services to be performed associated with certain sale/leaseback transactions and recorded the balance as a finance obligation.  The outstanding balance of this obligation at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 is $9.2 million and $10.4 million, respectively.  The amount is amortized using the effective interest method.  The fair value of this finance obligation approximates the carrying value as of June 30, 2018.

The Company has a capital lease associated with its property in Latham, New York.  Liabilities relating to this agreement of $2.2 million and $2.3 million have been recorded as a finance obligation, in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.  The fair value of this finance obligation approximates the carrying value as of June 30, 2018.

Restricted Cash

The Company has entered into sale/leaseback agreements associated with its products and services.  In connection with these agreements, cash of $39.4 million at June 30, 2018 is required to be restricted as security and will be released over the lease term. The Company has additional letters of credit backed by security deposits as disclosed in the Operating Leases section above.

The Company also has letters of credit in the aggregate amount of $1.0 million at June 30, 2018 associated with an agreement to provide hydrogen infrastructure and hydrogen to a customer at its distribution center and with a finance obligation from the sale/leaseback of its building.  Cash collateralizing these letters of credit is also considered restricted cash.

Litigation

Legal matters are defended and handled in the ordinary course of business.  The Company has established accruals for matters for which management considers a loss to be probable and reasonably estimable. It is the opinion of management that facts known at the present time do not indicate that such litigation, after taking into account insurance coverage and the aforementioned accruals, will have a material adverse impact on our results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.

Concentrations of credit risk

Concentrations of credit risk with respect to receivables exist due to the limited number of select customers with whom the Company has initial commercial sales arrangements. To mitigate credit risk, the Company performs appropriate evaluation of a prospective customer’s financial condition.

At June 30, 2018, three customers comprise approximately 81.5% of the total accounts receivable balance.  At December 31, 2017, three customers comprised approximately 59.0% of the total accounts receivable balance.

For the six months ended June 30, 2018, 66.2% of total consolidated revenues were associated primarily with two customers, respectively. For the three six months ended June 30, 2017, 71.3% of total consolidated revenues were associated primarily with two customers.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Interim Financial Statements

Interim Financial Statements

The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). In the opinion of management, all adjustments, which consist solely of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly, in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for all periods presented, have been made. The results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year.

Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted. These unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.

The information presented in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017, has been derived from the Company’s December 31, 2017 audited consolidated financial statements. All other information has been derived from the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements of the Company.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

The Company enters into contracts that may contain one or a combination of fuel cell systems and infrastructure, installation, maintenance, spare parts, fuel delivery and other support services. Contracts containing fuel cell systems and related infrastructure may be sold, or provided to customers under a PPA.

The Company does not include a right of return on its products other than rights related to standard warranty provisions that permit repair or replacement of defective goods. The Company accrues for anticipated standard warranty costs at the same time that revenue is recognized for the related product, or when circumstances indicate that warranty costs will be incurred, as applicable.  Only a limited number of fuel cell units are under standard warranty.

Revenue is measured based on the consideration specified in a contract with a customer, subject to the allocation of consideration to individual performance obligations as discussed below. The Company recognizes revenue when it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control over a product or service to a customer.

The Company accounts for each separate performance obligation of multiple deliverable arrangements as a separate unit of accounting if the delivered item or items have value to the customer on a standalone basis. The Company considers a performance obligation to be distinct and have a standalone value if the customer can benefit from the good or service either on its own or together with other resources readily available to the customer and the Company’s promise to transfer the goods or service to the customer is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. The Company allocates revenue to each separate performance obligation based on relative standalone selling prices.

Payment terms for fuel cells, infrastructure and service are invoiced with terms ranging from 30 to 90 days. Service is prepaid upfront in a majority of the arrangements.  The Company does not adjust the transaction price for a significant financing component when the performance obligation is expected to be fulfilled within a year.

Nature of goods and services

The following is a description of principal activities from which the Company generates its revenue.

(i)Sales of Fuel Cell Systems and Related Infrastructure

Revenue from sales of fuel cell systems and related infrastructure represents sales of our GenDrive units, GenSure stationary backup power units, as well as hydrogen fueling infrastructure.

The Company considers list prices, as well as historical average pricing approaches to determine standalone selling prices.  Once relative standalone selling prices are determined, the Company proportionately allocates the sale consideration to each performance obligation within the customer arrangement. The allocated sales consideration related to fuel cell systems and infrastructure, spare parts, and hydrogen infrastructure is recognized at a point in time, when the performance obligation has been satisfied, which usually occurs at shipment if title and risk of loss have passed to the customer or upon commissioning.

(ii)Services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure

Revenue from services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure represents revenue earned on our service and maintenance contracts and sales of spare parts. The sales consideration allocated to services as discussed above is generally recognized as revenue over time on a straight-line basis over the expected service period.

In a vast majority of its commercial transactions, the Company sells extended maintenance contracts that generally provide for a five to ten year service period from the date of product installation. Services include monitoring, technical support, maintenance and services that provide for 97-98% uptime of the fleet. These services are accounted for as a separate performance obligation, and accordingly, revenue generated from these transactions, subject to the proportional allocation of sale consideration, is deferred and recognized in income over the term of the contract, generally on a straight-line basis. Additionally, the Company may enter into annual service and extended maintenance contracts that are billed monthly. Revenue generated from these transactions is recognized in income on a straight-line basis over the term of the contract. Costs are recognized as incurred over the term of the contract. Sales of spare parts are included within service revenue on the accompanying consolidated statement of operations. When costs are projected to exceed revenues over the life of the contract, an accrual for loss contracts is recorded.  Costs are estimated based upon historical experience and consider the estimated impact of the Company’s cost reduction initiatives.  The actual results may differ from these estimates.

When costs are projected to exceed revenues over the life of an extended maintenance contract, an accrual for loss contracts is recorded.  Costs are estimated based upon historical experience and consider the estimated impact of the Company’s cost reduction initiatives.  The actual results may differ from these estimates.

Upon expiration of the extended maintenance contracts, customers either choose to extend the contract or switch to purchasing spare parts and maintaining the fuel cell systems on their own.

(iii)Power Purchase Agreements

Revenue from PPAs primarily represents payments received from customers who make monthly payments to access the Company’s GenKey solution.

When fuel cell systems and related infrastructure are provided to customers through a PPA, revenues associated with these agreements are treated as rental income and recognized on a straight-line basis over the life of the agreements.  In conjunction with entering into a PPA with a customer, the Company may enter into sale/leaseback transactions with third-party financial institutions, whereby the fuel cells, a majority of the related infrastructure, and, in some cases service are sold to the third-party financial institution and leased back to the Company through either an operating or capital lease.

Certain of the Company’s sale/leaseback transactions with third-party financial institutions are required to be accounted for as capital leases.  As a result, no upfront revenue was recognized at the closing of these transactions and a finance obligation for each lease was established.  The fuel cell systems and related infrastructure that are provided to customers through these PPAs are considered leased property on the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated balance sheet.  Costs to service the leased property, depreciation of the leased property, and other related costs are considered cost of PPA revenue on the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated statement of operations.  Interest cost associated with capital leases is presented within interest and other expense, net on the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated statement of operations.

Each PPA entered into before December 31, 2015 had a corresponding sale/leaseback transaction with a third-party financial institution, which was required to be accounted for as an operating lease. The Company has rental expense associated with these sale/leaseback agreements with financial institutions.  Rental expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the life of the agreements and is characterized as cost of PPA revenue on the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated statement of operations.

(iv)Fuel Delivered to Customers

Revenue associated with fuel delivered to customers represents the sale of hydrogen to customers that has been purchased by the Company from a third party or generated on site.

The Company purchases hydrogen fuel from suppliers and sells to its customers upon delivery.  Revenue and cost of revenue related to this fuel is recorded as dispensed, and is included in the respective “Fuel delivered to customers” lines on the unaudited interim consolidated statements of operations.

(v)Other

Other revenue primarily represents cost reimbursement research and development contracts associated with the development of PEM fuel cell technology.

Contract accounting is used for research and development contract revenue. The Company generally shares in the cost of these programs with cost sharing percentages ranging from 30% to 50% of total project costs. Revenue from time and material contracts is recognized on the basis of hours expended plus other reimbursable contract costs incurred during the period and is included within the “other” revenue line on the unaudited interim consolidated statement of operations. All allowable work performed through the end of each calendar quarter is billed, subject to limitations in the respective contracts.

Contract costs

The Company expects that incremental commission fees paid to employees as a result of obtaining sales contracts are recoverable and therefore the Company capitalizes them as contract costs.

Capitalized commission fees are amortized on a straight line basis over the period of time over which the transfer of goods or services to which the assets relate occur, typically ranging from 5 to 10 years. Amortization of the capitalized commission fees is included in selling, general, and administrative expenses.

The Company recognizes the incremental costs of obtaining contracts as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the assets that the Company otherwise would have recognized is one year or less. These costs are included in selling, general, and administrative expenses.

During 2017, the Company issued warrants to Amazon.com, Inc. and Wal-mart Stores, Inc. The fair value of warrants associated with each of these transactions are accounted for as revenue incentives as described in Note 11, Warrant Transaction Agreements.

Adoption of ASC Topic 606 - Transition Approach

As discussed in Recent Accounting Pronouncements, on January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC Topic 606), which offers two transition approaches: full retrospective and modified retrospective. The Company chose the modified retrospective approach as its transition method and will not experience a significant effect on the timing and amount of revenue recognized or the amount of revenue allocated to the identified performance obligations. There was an insignificant amount of historical contract acquisition costs that were expensed and were not capitalized upon adoption of ASC Topic 606. However, upon adoption, contract acquisition costs of $0.1 million were capitalized and are being amortized as described above.

Cash Equivalents

Cash Equivalents

Cash equivalents consist of money market accounts with an initial term of less than three months. At June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, cash equivalents consist of money market accounts. For purposes of the unaudited interim consolidated statements of cash flows, the Company considers all highly-liquid debt instruments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents.  The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are deposited with financial institutions located in the U.S. and may at times exceed insured limits.

Common Stock Warrant Accounting

Common Stock Warrant Accounting

The Company accounts for common stock warrants as either derivative liabilities or as equity instruments depending on the specific terms of the warrant agreement.

Derivative Liabilities

Registered common stock warrants that require the issuance of registered shares upon exercise and do not sufficiently preclude an implied right to cash settlement are accounted for as derivative liabilities. We currently classify these derivative warrant liabilities on the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated balance sheets as a long-term liability, which are revalued at each balance sheet date subsequent to the initial issuance, using the Black-Scholes pricing model. This pricing model, which is based, in part, upon unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data, requires the Company to develop its own assumptions. Changes in the fair value of the warrants are reflected in the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated statements of operations as change in fair value of common stock warrant liability.

Equity Instruments

Common stock warrants that meet certain applicable requirements of ASC Topic 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity, and other related guidance, including the ability of the Company to settle the warrants without the issuance of registered shares or the absence of rights of the grantee to require cash settlement, are accounted for as equity instruments. The Company classifies these equity instruments within additional paid-in capital on the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated balance sheets. Common stock warrants accounted for as equity instruments represent the warrants issued to Amazon.com, Inc. and Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. as discussed in Note 11.  These warrants are remeasured at each financial reporting date prior to vesting, using the Monte Carlo pricing model.  Once these warrants vest, they are no longer remeasured.  This pricing model, which is based, in part, upon unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data, requires the Company to develop its own assumptions. Changes in fair value resulting from remeasurement of common stock warrants issued in connection with the Amazon Transaction Agreement and the Walmart Transaction Agreement, as described in Note 11, Warrant Transaction Agreements, and are recorded as cumulative catch up adjustments as a reduction of revenue.

Convertible Senior Notes

Convertible Senior Notes

The Company accounts for the issued Convertible Senior Notes with separate liability and equity components. The carrying amount of the liability component was initially determined by estimating the fair value of a similar debt instrument that does not have an associated convertible feature. The carrying amount of the equity component representing the conversion option was determined by deducting the estimated fair value of the liability component from the par value of the Convertible Senior Notes as a whole as of the date of issuance. This difference represents a debt discount that is amortized to interest expense, with a corresponding increase to the carrying amount of the liability component, over the term of the Convertible Senior Notes using the effective interest rate method. The equity component is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification. The Company has allocated issuance costs incurred to the liability and equity components. Issuance costs attributable to the liability component are being amortized to expense over the respective term of the Convertible Senior Notes, and issuance costs attributable to the equity components were netted with the respective equity component in additional paid-in capital.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, which require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Reclassifications

Reclassifications

Reclassifications are made, whenever necessary, to prior period financial statements to conform to the current period presentation.  These reclassifications did not have a net impact on the results of operations or net cash flows in the periods presented.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2014, an accounting update was issued that replaces the existing revenue recognition framework regarding contracts with customers. The Company adopted this accounting update as of January 1, 2018. The standard outlines a five-step model whereby revenue is recognized as performance obligations within a contract are satisfied. The standard also requires new, expanded disclosures regarding revenue recognition. The Company did not experience a significant effect on the timing and amount of revenue recognized or the amount of revenue allocated to the identified performance obligations. There is an insignificant amount of historical contract acquisition costs that were expensed under prior guidance and were not capitalized upon adoption of ASC Topic 606. However, in subsequent periods, contract acquisition costs are capitalized in accordance with ASC Topic 606 (see Note 12, Revenue).

In October 2016, an accounting update was issued to simplify how an entity should recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs.  Consequently, the amendments in this update eliminate the exception for an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory.  Two common examples of assets included in the scope of this update are intellectual property and property, plant, and equipment.  The Company adopted this update on January 1, 2018 and it did not have any effect on the consolidated financial statements because our net tax position is zero.

In November 2016, an accounting update was issued to reduce the existing diversity in the classification and presentation of changes in restricted cash on the statement of cash flows. This accounting update was adopted retrospectively by the Company on January 1, 2018. The adoption of this update impacts the cash flows from financing activities due to the change in the presentation of restricted cash within the consolidated statement of cash flows. Net cash flows from financing activities and change in cash and cash equivalents, which now includes restricted cash, for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, decreased by $2.8 million and $2.6 million, respectively.

Recently Issued and Not Yet Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2018, an accounting update was issued to simplify the accounting for nonemployee share-based payment transactions  resulting from expanding the scope of ASC Topic 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. An entity should apply the requirements of ASC Topic 718 to nonemployee awards except for specific guidance on inputs to an option pricing model and the attribution of cost (that is, the period of time over which share-based payment awards vest and the pattern of cost recognition over that period). The amendments specify that ASC Topic 718 applies to all share-based payment transactions in which a grantor acquires goods or services to be used or consumed in a grantor’s own operations by issuing share-based payment awards. The amendments also clarify that ASC Topic 718 does not apply to share-based payments used to effectively provide (1) financing to the issuer or (2) awards granted in conjunction with selling goods or services to customers as part of a contract accounted for under ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The amendments in this accounting update are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that fiscal year. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than an entity’s adoption date of ASC Topic 606. The Company is evaluating whether to early adopt this accounting update during the remainder of 2018. 

In February 2016, an accounting update was issued which requires balance sheet recognition for operating leases, among other changes to previous lease guidance.  This accounting update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018.  The Company has established an internal implementation team to oversee the adoption of the new standard, and has estimated the impact this accounting update will have on its consolidated financial statements. When adopted, the Company expects there to be an increase in finance obligations of over $30.0 million, which represents the future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases, as lessee, and a corresponding addition of a right-of-use asset.  Any cumulative effect of the adoption recorded to accumulated deficit is not expected to be significant.  The Company also does not expect there to be a significant net effect on its consolidated statements of operations in the current or prior periods, however what was previously presented as rent expense related to operating leases will be recognized as interest expense on the Company’s minimum lease obligation and depreciation of its right-of-use asset. In July 2018, an accounting update was issued to make technical amendments to the previous update, including the addition of a new optional transition method. The Company is evaluating whether to early adopt this accounting update during the remainder of 2018.  The Company is also evaluating the transition method of adoption. 

In January 2017, an accounting update was issued to simplify how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test.  Step 2 measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. This accounting update is effective for years beginning after December 15, 2019.  Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is evaluating the impact this update will have on the consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, an accounting update was issued to reduce the existing diversity in practice in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows.  This accounting update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period.  The Company is evaluating the impact this update will have on the consolidated financial statements.

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Earnings Per Share (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Earnings Per Share.

Schedule of potential dilutive common shares

	At June 30,
	2018	2017
Stock options outstanding (1)	19,977,576	15,016,609
Restricted stock outstanding	207,347	248,077
Common stock warrants (2)	115,824,142	60,537,546
Preferred stock (3)	2,782,075	5,554,594
Convertible Senior Notes	43,630,020	—
Number of dilutive potential common shares	182,421,160	81,356,826

(1) During the three months ended June  30, 2018 and 2017, the Company granted 484,667 and 314,511 stock options, respectively.    During the six months ended June  30, 2018 and 2017, the Company granted 484,667 and 450,863 stock options, respectively.

(2) In February 2013, the Company issued 23,637,500 warrants as part of an underwritten public offering with an exercise price of $0.15 per warrant.  Of these warrants issued in February 2013, zero and 100 were unexercised as of June  30, 2018 and 2017.

In January 2014, the Company issued 4,000,000 warrants as part of an underwritten public offering with an exercise price of $4.00 per warrant. In December 2016, as a result of additional public offerings, and pursuant to the effect of the anti-dilution provisions of these warrants, the exercise price of the $4.00 warrants was reduced to $0.65. Of these warrants issued in January 2014, all 4,000,000 warrants were exercised during 2017, as described in Note 9, Stockholders’ Equity. 

In December 2016, the Company issued 10,501,500 warrants as part of two concurrent underwritten public offerings with an exercise price of $1.50 per warrant.  Of these warrants issued in December 2016, all 10,501,500 warrants were exercised during 2017, as described in Note 9, Stockholders’ Equity.

In April 2017, the Company issued 5,250,750 warrants with an exercise price of $2.69 per warrant, as described in Note 9, Stockholders’ Equity.  Of these warrants issued in April 2017, none have been exercised as of June 30, 2018.

In April 2017, the Company issued warrants to acquire up to 55,286,696 of the Company’s common stock as part of a transaction agreement, subject to certain vesting events, as described in Note 11, Warrant Transaction Agreements.  Of these warrants issued, none have been exercised as of June 30, 2018.

In July 2017, the Company issued warrants to acquire up to 55,286,696 of the Company’s common stock as part of a transaction agreement, subject to certain vesting events, as described in Note 11, Warrant Transaction Agreements. Of these warrants issued, none have been exercised as of June 30, 2018.

(3) The preferred stock amount represents the dilutive potential common shares of the Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock, based on the conversion price of the preferred stock as of June  30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.  Of the 10,431 Series C redeemable preferred stock issued on May 16, 2013, 7,811 and 5,200 had been converted to common stock through June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, with the remainder still outstanding.  Of the 18,500 Series D redeemable convertible preferred stock issued on December 22, 2016, 3,700 shares were redeemed during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and the remaining 14,800 were converted to common stock during the second quarter of 2017.

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Inventory (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Inventory.

Schedule of Inventory

Inventory as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 consists of the following (in thousands):

	June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Raw materials and supplies	$	34,689	$	42,851
Work-in-process		4,584		3,492
Finished goods		3,015		2,433
	$	42,288	$	48,776

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Leased Property (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Leased Property

Schedule of Leased Property

Leased property at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 consists of the following (in thousands):

	June 30,		December 31,
	2018		2017
Leased property	$	112,015	$	98,877
Less: accumulated depreciation		(16,394)		(11,812)
Leased property, net	$	95,621	$	87,065

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Intangible Assets (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Intangible Assets.

Schedule of Intangible assets

The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of the Company’s acquired identifiable intangible assets as of June 30, 2018 are as follows (in thousands):

	Weighted Average
	Amortization	Gross Carrying		Accumulated
	Period	Amount		Amortizatin		Total
Acquired technology	9  years	$	5,966		(1,881)		4,085
Customer relationships	10  years		260		(110)		150
Trademark	5  years		60		(45)		15
		$	6,286	$	(2,036)	$	4,250

The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of the Company’s acquired identifiable intangible assets as of December 31, 2017 are as follows (in thousands):

	Weighted Average
	Amortization	Gross Carrying		Accumulated
	Period	Amount		Amortizatin		Total
Acquired technology	9  years	$	5,200	$	(1,593)	$	3,607
Customer relationships	10  years		260		(97)		163
Trademark	5  years		60		(45)		15
		$	5,520	$	(1,735)	$	3,785

Schedule of future amortization of intangible assets

Estimated amortization expense for subsequent years is as follows (in thousands):

Remainder of 2018	$	350
2019		593
2020		557
2021		557
2022		557
2023 and thereafter		1,636
Total	$	4,250

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Convertible Senior Notes (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Convertible Senior Notes

Schedule of net proceeds from the Convertible Senior Notes

	Amount
	(in thousands)
Principal amount	$	100,000
Less initial purchasers' discount		(3,250)
Less cost of related capped call and common stock forward		(43,500)
Less other issuance costs		(894)
Net proceeds	$	52,356

Schedule of Convertible Senior Notes

Principal amounts:	At June 30, 2018
Principal	$	100,000
Unamortized debt discount (1)		(37,900)
Unamortized debt issuance costs (1)		(2,288)
Net carrying amount	$	59,812
Carrying amount of the equity component (2)	$	37,702

1) Included in the unaudited interim consolidated balance sheet within Convertible Senior Notes, net and amortized over the remaining life of the Convertible senior notes using the effective interest rate method.

2) Included in the unaudited interim consolidated balance sheet within additional paid-in capital, net of $1.7 million in equity issuance costs and associated income tax benefit.

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Revenue (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Revenue

Schedule of disaggregation of revenue

In the following table, revenue is disaggregated by major product line and timing of revenue recognition (in thousands):

Major products/services lines	Three months ended				Six months ended
	June 30, 2018		June 30, 2017		June 30, 2018		June 30, 2017
Sales of fuel cell systems	$	14,633	$	5,582	$	21,207	$	7,400
Sale of hydrogen installations and other infrastructure		5,989		2,978		10,873		3,357
Services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure		7,188		5,049		13,786		10,198
Power Purchase Agreements		5,629		4,945		11,118		9,256
Fuel delivered to customers		6,488		3,986		12,023		7,477
Other		—		64		—		151
Total gross revenue	$	39,927	$	22,604	$	69,007	$	37,839

Schedule of receivables, contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers

The following table provides information about receivables, contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers (in thousands):

	June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Accounts receivable	$	31,509	$	15,331
Contract assets		6,246		9,316
Contract liabilities		49,088		46,777

Schedule of changes in contract assets and the contract liabilities

Significant changes in the contract assets and the contract liabilities balances during the period are as follows (in thousands):

Contract assets	Six months ended
	June 30, 2018
Transferred to receivables from contract assets recognized at the beginning of the period	$	(5,502)
Revenue recognized and not billed as of the end of the period		2,432
Net change in contract assets	$	(3,070)

Contract liabilities	Six months ended
	June 30, 2018
Revenue recognized that was included in the contract liability balance as the beginning of the period	$	4,608
Increases due to cash received, net of amounts recognized as revenue during the period		(6,919)
Net change in contract liabilities	$	(2,311)

Schedule of Estimated future revenue

The following table includes estimated revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) at the end of the reporting period (in thousands):

	June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Sales of fuel cell systems	$	13,478	$	26,298
Sale of hydrogen installations and other infrastructure		8,281		15,512
Services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure		77,496		89,079
Power Purchase Agreements		122,659		130,042
Total estimated future revenue	$	221,914	$	260,931

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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Fair Value Measurements.

Assumptions used to calculate common stock warrants

	Six months ended
	June 30, 2018	June 30, 2017
Risk-free interest rate	1.64% - 2.43%	1.01% - 2.01%
Volatility	18.40% - 81.69%	62.0% - 108.77%
Expected average term	0.01 - 1.53	0.64 - 5.23

Schedule of activity in the common stock warrant liability

The following table shows the activity in the common stock warrant liability (in thousands):

	Six months ended
Common stock warrant liability	June 30, 2018		June 30, 2017
Beginning of period	$	4,391	$	11,387
Change in fair value of common stock warrants		(1,592)		14,576
Issuance of common stock warrants		—		4,905
Exercise of common stock warrants		—		(27,089)
End of period	$	2,799	$	3,779

Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation

	Six months ended
	June 30, 2018	June 30, 2017
Risk-free interest rate	2.72% - 2.80%	2.36%
Volatility	85.00%	85.00%
Expected average term	8.76-9.30	9.76-10.00

Schedule of fair value of warrants

		Amazon Warrant Shares		Walmart Warrant Shares
Issuance date - first tranche	$	1.15	$	1.88
As of vesting date - second tranche, first installment		2.16		—
As of period end - second tranche		1.71		1.56

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Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Commitments and Contingencies.

Schedule of Future Minimum Lease Payments for Operating Leases

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases (with initial or remaining lease terms in excess of one year) as of June 30, 2018 are (in thousands):

	As Lessor		As Lessee
Remainder of 2018	$	11,875	$	7,016
2019		23,619		12,914
2020		21,928		11,612
2021		17,336		7,032
2022		9,085		1,554
2023 and thereafter		8,621		2,290
Total future minimum lease payments	$	92,464	$	42,418

Schedule of Future Minimum Lease Payments for Capital Leases

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable capital leases related to sale/leaseback transactions (with initial or remaining lease terms in excess of one year) as of June 30, 2018 are (in thousands):

	Total		Imputed		Net Present
	Payments		Interest		Value
2018	$	25,528	$	3,322	$	22,206
2019		19,930		2,403		17,527
2020		6,042		1,800		4,242
2021		6,043		1,316		4,727
2022		4,296		705		3,591
2023 and thereafter		11,510		1,021		10,489
Total future minimum lease payments	$	73,349	$	10,567	$	62,782

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Nature of Operations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Mar. 31, 2018
Liquidity
Net loss attributable to common shareholders				$ 130,200	$ 57,600	$ 55,800
Accumulated deficit		$ 1,224,365		1,178,636
Net cash used in operating activities		45,179	$ 58,335
Net outflows from fluctuations in working capital and other assets and liabilities		10,700
Noncash gains		11,200
Cash and cash equivalents		15,035		24,828
Net working capital		8,200		$ 3,900
Net cash used in investing activities		(16,360)	(20,545)
Net cash provided by financing activities		48,942	32,208
Proceeds from Issuance of Debt		95,856
Proceeds from borrowing of long-term debt			621
Repayments of Long-term Debt		5,721	$ 1,278
Purchase of capped call and common stock forward		43,500
Sale or leaseback agreements
Liquidity
Remaining lease payments		28,200
Amended sale or leaseback agreements
Liquidity
Remaining lease payments		24,800
Amended sale or leaseback agreements | Subsequent event
Liquidity
Additional amount borrowed	$ 16,000
Convertible Senior Notes
Liquidity
Proceeds from Issuance of Debt		52,356
Principal amount		100,000
Interest rate (as a percent)							5.50%
Purchase of capped call and common stock forward		$ 43,500

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Upfront revenue recognized	$ 0
Capitalized contract costs	100		$ 0
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities	48,942	$ 32,208
ASU 2016-18
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities	2,800	2,600
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents	2,800	$ 2,600
Proforma adjustment | ASU 2016-02
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Increase in finance obligation	$ 30,000
Minimum
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Payment terms for fuel cells and its services	30 days
Extension period	5 years
Uptime of the fleet (as a percent)	97.00%
Total project costs (as a percent)	30.00%
Amortization period of capitalized commission fees	5 years
Maximum
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Payment terms for fuel cells and its services	90 days
Extension period	10 years
Uptime of the fleet (as a percent)	98.00%
Total project costs (as a percent)	50.00%
Amortization period of capitalized commission fees	10 years

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Earnings Per Share - Anti-dilutive Shares (Details) - $ / shares					1 Months Ended						3 Months Ended			6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Apr. 12, 2017	Apr. 05, 2017	Dec. 22, 2016	May 16, 2013	Feb. 28, 2018	Jul. 31, 2017	Apr. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Jan. 31, 2014	Feb. 28, 2013	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017	Jul. 20, 2017	Apr. 04, 2017
Earnings Per Share
Number of dilutive potential common shares														182,421,160	81,356,826
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share)																	$ 2.1231
Convertible Senior Notes
Earnings Per Share
Conversion price, per share											$ 2.29			$ 2.29
Stock options
Earnings Per Share
Stock options granted											484,667	314,511		484,667	450,863
Warrants issued in February, 2013
Earnings Per Share
Number of warrants issued (in shares)										23,637,500
Number of warrants exercised (in shares)					100
Number of warrants unexercised (in shares)														0	100
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share)					$ 0.15					$ 0.15
Warrants issued in January, 2014
Earnings Per Share
Number of warrants issued (in shares)							4,000,000		4,000,000
Number of warrants exercised (in shares)														4,000,000
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share)							$ 0.65	$ 0.65	$ 4.00
Warrants issued in December 2016
Earnings Per Share
Number of warrants issued (in shares)			10,501,500					10,501,500
Shares of common stock that can be purchased from warrants issued (in shares)	5,250,750
Number of warrants exercised (in shares)	10,501,500															10,501,500
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share)			$ 1.50					$ 1.50
Warrants issued in April 2017
Earnings Per Share
Number of warrants issued (in shares)							5,250,750
Shares of common stock that can be purchased from warrants issued (in shares)							55,286,696
Number of warrants exercised (in shares)														0
Number of warrants unexercised (in shares)														0
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share)							$ 2.69
Warrants issued in July 2017
Earnings Per Share
Shares of common stock that can be purchased from warrants issued (in shares)						55,286,696
Number of warrants exercised (in shares)						0
Warrants issued with the Amazon.com, Inc transaction agreement
Earnings Per Share
Shares of common stock that can be purchased from warrants issued (in shares)																		55,286,696
Warrants issued with the Walmart Stores, Inc transaction agreement
Earnings Per Share
Shares of common stock that can be purchased from warrants issued (in shares)																	55,286,696
Series C redeemable convertible preferred stock.
Earnings Per Share
Stock options granted				10,431
Shares issued upon conversion of redeemable stock (in shares)														7,811	5,200
Series D Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock
Earnings Per Share
Shares of common stock that can be purchased from warrants issued (in shares)								7,381,500
Shares issued (in shares)			18,500					18,500
Shares issued upon conversion of redeemable stock (in shares)		9,548,393
Number of shares redeemed													3,700
Number of preferred shares that had been converted to common stock												14,800.00
Stock options
Earnings Per Share
Number of dilutive potential common shares														19,977,576	15,016,609
Restricted stock
Earnings Per Share
Number of dilutive potential common shares														207,347	248,077
Warrants
Earnings Per Share
Number of dilutive potential common shares														115,824,142	60,537,546
Preferred stock
Earnings Per Share
Number of dilutive potential common shares														2,782,075	5,554,594
Convertible Senior Notes
Earnings Per Share
Number of dilutive potential common shares														43,630,020

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Inventory (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Inventory.
Raw materials and supplies	$ 34,689	$ 42,851
Work-in-process	4,584	3,492
Finished goods	3,015	2,433
Total inventory	42,288	48,776
Inventory held at service locations	$ 4,700	$ 5,500

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Leased Property (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017
Less: accumulated depreciation	$ (16,394)		$ (16,394)		$ (11,812)
Leased property, net	95,621		95,621		87,065
Leased property.
Leased property under capital lease	112,015		112,015		98,877
Less: accumulated depreciation	(16,394)		(16,394)		(11,812)
Leased property, net	95,621		95,621		$ 87,065
Depreciation	$ 2,400	$ 1,700	$ 4,600	$ 3,300

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Intangible Assets - Gross Carrying Amount (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of acquired identifiable intangible assets
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 6,286	$ 5,520
Accumulated amortization	(2,036)	(1,735)
Total	4,250	$ 3,785
Milestone payments	$ 2,900
Acquired technology
Gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of acquired identifiable intangible assets
Weighted Average Amortization Period	9 years	9 years
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 5,966	$ 5,200
Accumulated amortization	(1,881)	(1,593)
Total	$ 4,085	$ 3,607
Customer relationships
Gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of acquired identifiable intangible assets
Weighted Average Amortization Period	10 years	10 years
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 260	$ 260
Accumulated amortization	(110)	(97)
Total	$ 150	$ 163
Trademark
Gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of acquired identifiable intangible assets
Weighted Average Amortization Period	5 years	5 years
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 60	$ 60
Accumulated amortization	(45)	(45)
Total	$ 15	$ 15

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Intangible Assets - Estimated Amortization Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017
Intangible Assets.
Amortization of Intangible Assets	$ 200	$ 100	$ 335	$ 290
Estimated amortization expense
Remainder of 2018	350		350
2019	593		593
2020	557		557
2021	557		557
2022	557		557
2023 and thereafter	1,636		1,636
Total	$ 4,250		$ 4,250		$ 3,785

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Long-Term Debt (Details) - NY Green Bank - USD ($) $ in Millions	6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Jul. 21, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Dec. 23, 2016
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Loan Amount			$ 45.0		$ 25.0
Long-term borrowings					25.0
Debt issuance costs					$ 1.2
Increase in term loan facility			$ 20.0
Prepayment fee (as a percent)	7.50%	7.50%
End of term charge	$ 1.8
Percent of securities in foreign subsidiaries guaranteed to secure debt	65.00%
Secured term loan facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt issuance costs		$ 0.5
Long-term Line of Credit	$ 27.3	32.8
Additional amount borrowed		$ 20.0
Effective interest rate (as a percent)	11.80%			11.20%
Term of loan agreement	3 years
2018 (Remainder of fiscal year)	$ 10.2
2019	$ 17.1
Secured term loan facility | LIBOR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate spread (as a percent)	9.50%

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Convertible Senior Notes - Net proceeds (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018
Convertible Senior Notes
Less cost of related capped call and common stock forward	$ (43,500)
Net proceeds	95,856
Convertible Senior Notes
Convertible Senior Notes
Interest rate (as a percent)		5.50%
Convertible Senior Notes
Principal amount	100,000
Less initial purchasers' discount	(3,250)
Less cost of related capped call and common stock forward	(43,500)
Less other issuance costs	(894)
Net proceeds	$ 52,356

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Convertible Senior Notes - Conversion (Details)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018 USD ($) item $ / shares
Convertible Senior Notes
Ownership interest percentage	50.00%
Closing price of the company's stock | $ / shares	$ 2.02
Convertible Senior Notes
Convertible Senior Notes
Conversion ratio, principal amount	$ 1,000
Conversion rates for the notes (in shares)	436.3002
Conversion price, per share | $ / shares	$ 2.29
Trading days | item	20
Consecutive Trading days | item	30
Conversion price (as a percent)	130.00%
Number of business days	5 days
Number of consecutive trading days	5 days
Principal amount (as a percent)	98.00%
Principal amount of the repurchased Convertible Senior Notes(as a percent)	100.00%
Effective interest rate (as a percent)	16.00%
Transaction costs attributable to the liability component	$ 2,400,000
Transaction costs attributable to the equity component	$ 1,700,000
Remaining life of the Convertible Senior Notes	57 days

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Convertible Senior Notes (Details) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2018 USD ($)
Convertible Senior Notes
Net carrying amount	$ 59,812
Convertible Senior Notes
Convertible Senior Notes
Principal amount	100,000
Unamortized debt discount	(37,900)
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(2,288)
Net carrying amount	59,812
Carrying amount of the equity component	$ 37,702

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Convertible Senior Notes - Capped Call and Common Stock Forward (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Capped Call and Common Stock Forward
Share Price	$ 2.02
Capped Call
Capped Call and Common Stock Forward
Capped call options amount | $	$ 16.0
Cap price	$ 3.82
Premium (as a percent)	100.00%
Share Price	$ 1.91
Common Stock Forward
Capped Call and Common Stock Forward
Purchase of common stock forward ( in shares) | shares	14,397,906
Net cost incurred | $	$ 27.5

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Stockholders' Equity - Common Stock and Warrants (Details) - USD ($)				1 Months Ended					6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Apr. 12, 2017	Apr. 03, 2017	Dec. 22, 2016	Feb. 28, 2018	Apr. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Jan. 31, 2014	Feb. 28, 2013	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017	Jul. 20, 2017
Stockholders' equity
Preferred stock, Shares authorized									5,000,000
Preferred stock, par value									$ 0.01
Common Stock, par value (in dollars per share)									$ 0.01		$ 0.01
Common Stock Shares, Outstanding									214,653,162		228,486,366
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share)												$ 2.1231
Proceeds from exercise of warrants, net of transaction costs										$ 17,702,000
Series A Junior Participating Cumulative Preferred Stock
Stockholders' equity
Preferred stock, par value									$ 0.01
Common Stock Shares, Outstanding									0		0
At Market Issuance Sales Agreement
Stockholders' equity
Common Stock, par value (in dollars per share)		$ 0.01
Authorized amount		$ 75,000,000
Shares issued		$ 23,000,000
Warrants issued in February, 2013
Stockholders' equity
Class of Warrant or Right Issued								23,637,500
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share)				$ 0.15				$ 0.15
Warrants outstanding (in shares)									0		100
Number of warrants exercised (in shares)				100
Warrants issued in December 2016
Stockholders' equity
Class of Warrant or Right Issued			10,501,500			10,501,500
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share)			$ 1.50			$ 1.50
Number of warrants exercised (in shares)	10,501,500										10,501,500
Proceeds from exercise of warrants, net of transaction costs	$ 15.10
Shares of common stock that can be purchased from warrants issued	5,250,750
Per share price of shares of common stock	$ 2.69
Warrants issued in January, 2014
Stockholders' equity
Class of Warrant or Right Issued					4,000,000		4,000,000
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share)					$ 0.65	$ 0.65	$ 4.00
Number of warrants exercised (in shares)									4,000,000
Proceeds from exercise of warrants, net of transaction costs					$ 2,600,000
Increase in additional paid-in capital					27,100,000
Reduction of warrant liability					$ 27,100,000
Warrant Issued With Amazon And Walmart Stores Inc Transaction Agreement In 2017
Stockholders' equity
Class of Warrant or Right Issued											110,573,392
Number of warrants exercised (in shares)									18,913,869		18,913,869

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Redeemable Preferred Stock (Details) - USD ($)				1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Apr. 05, 2017	Dec. 22, 2016	May 08, 2013	Dec. 31, 2016	Sep. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017	Jun. 30, 2018
Redeemable preferred stock
Payments for redemption of preferred stock							$ 3,700,000
Series C Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock
Redeemable preferred stock
Shares issued (in shares)					2,611
Redeemable stock issued, par value (in dollars per share)					$ 0.01
Redeemable stock issued, stated value (in dollars per share)								$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Redeemable convertible Preferred Stock, shares outstanding								2,620	2,620
Series C Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock | Air Liquide
Redeemable preferred stock
Dividend rate								8.00%
Aggregate purchase price of shares issued			$ 248.794
Adjusted conversion price per share								$ 0.2343	$ 0.2343
Series D Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock
Redeemable preferred stock
Shares issued (in shares)		18,500		18,500
Redeemable stock issued, par value (in dollars per share)				$ 0.01
Shares of common stock that can be purchased from warrants issued				7,381,500
Redeemable stock issued, stated value (in dollars per share)				$ 0.01
Net proceeds from public offering				$ 15,600,000
Shares redeemed (in shares)						3,700
Payments for redemption of preferred stock						$ 3,700,000
Shares issued upon conversion of redeemable stock (in shares)	9,548,393
Conversion price per share	$ 1.55

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Warrant Transaction Agreements - Amazon.com, Inc. Transaction Agreement (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Apr. 04, 2017 USD ($) item $ / shares shares	Jun. 30, 2018 USD ($) shares	Jun. 30, 2017 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2018 USD ($) shares	Jun. 30, 2017 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($) shares	Jul. 20, 2017 $ / shares
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrant shares vested (in shares) | shares		5,819,652		5,819,652		5,819,652
Selling, general and administrative		$ 12,241	$ 17,904	$ 20,550	$ 27,049
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share) | $ / shares							$ 2.1231
Provision for common stock warrants		$ 3,921	1,820	$ 5,806	1,820
Warrants issued with the Amazon.com, Inc transaction agreement
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Shares of common stock that can be purchased from warrants issued (in shares) | shares	55,286,696
Cash payments to be received under agreement	$ 600,000
Warrant shares vested (in shares) | shares		13,094,217		13,094,217		13,094,217
Provision for common stock warrants		$ 3,600	$ 1,800	$ 5,300	$ 1,800
Tranche one of warrants issued with the Amazon.com, Inc transaction agreement
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrant shares vested (in shares) | shares	5,819,652
Selling, general and administrative						$ 6,700
Tranche two of warrants issued with the Amazon.com, Inc. Transaction Agreement
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Shares of common stock that can be purchased from warrants issued (in shares) | shares	29,098,260
Number of installments | item	4
Number of shares per installment | shares	7,274,565
Cash receipt per installment	$ 50,000
Aggregate cash receipts for all installments	$ 200,000
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 1.1893
Tranche three of warrants issued with the Amazon.com, Inc. Transaction Agreement
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Shares of common stock that can be purchased from warrants issued (in shares) | shares	20,368,784
Number of installments | item	8
Number of shares per installment | shares	2,546,098
Cash receipt per installment	$ 50,000
Aggregate cash receipts for all installments	$ 400,000
Exercise price calculation	The exercise price of the third tranche of Amazon Warrant Shares will be an amount per share equal to ninety percent (90%) of the 30-day volume weighted average share price of the common stock as of the final vesting date of the second tranche of Amazon Warrant Shares

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Warrant Transaction Agreements - Walmart Stores, Inc. Transaction Agreement (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jul. 20, 2017 USD ($) item $ / shares shares	Jun. 30, 2018 USD ($) shares	Jun. 30, 2017 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2018 USD ($) shares	Jun. 30, 2017 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($) shares
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrant shares vested (in shares) | shares		5,819,652		5,819,652		5,819,652
Selling, general and administrative		$ 12,241	$ 17,904	$ 20,550	$ 27,049
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 2.1231
Provision for common stock warrants		3,921	$ 1,820	5,806	$ 1,820
Warrants issued with the Walmart Stores, Inc transaction agreement
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Shares of common stock that can be purchased from warrants issued (in shares) | shares	55,286,696
Cash payments to be received under agreement	$ 600,000
Provision for common stock warrants		$ 300		$ 500
Tranche one of warrants issued with the Walmart Stores Inc transaction agreement
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrant shares vested (in shares) | shares	5,819,652
Provision for common stock warrants						$ 10,900
Tranche two of warrants issued with the Walmart Stores, Inc. Transaction Agreement
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrant shares vested (in shares) | shares	29,098,260
Number of installments | item	4
Number of shares per installment | shares	7,274,565
Cash receipt per installment	$ 50,000
Aggregate cash receipts for all installments	$ 200,000
Tranche three of warrants issued with the Walmart Stores, Inc. Transaction Agreement
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrant shares vested (in shares) | shares	20,368,784
Number of installments | item	8
Number of shares per installment | shares	2,546,098
Cash receipt per installment	$ 50,000
Aggregate cash receipts for all installments	$ 400,000
Exercise price calculation	The exercise price of the third tranche of Walmart Warrant Shares will be an amount per share equal to ninety percent (90%) of the 30-day volume weighted average share price of the common stock as of the final vesting date of the second tranche of Walmart Warrant Shares
Exercise price of warrants (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 1.1893

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Revenue - Disaggregation of Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017
Disaggregation of revenue
Total gross revenue	$ 39,927		$ 69,007
Sales of fuel cell systems
Disaggregation of revenue
Total gross revenue	14,633		21,207
Sale of hydrogen installations and other infrastructure
Disaggregation of revenue
Total gross revenue	5,989		10,873
Services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure
Disaggregation of revenue
Total gross revenue	7,188		13,786
Power purchase agreements
Disaggregation of revenue
Total gross revenue	5,629		11,118
Fuel delivered to customers
Disaggregation of revenue
Total gross revenue	$ 6,488		$ 12,023
Calculated under Revenue Guidance in Effect before Topic 606 [Member]
Disaggregation of revenue
Total gross revenue		$ 22,604		$ 37,839
Calculated under Revenue Guidance in Effect before Topic 606 [Member] | Sales of fuel cell systems
Disaggregation of revenue
Total gross revenue		5,582		7,400
Calculated under Revenue Guidance in Effect before Topic 606 [Member] | Sale of hydrogen installations and other infrastructure
Disaggregation of revenue
Total gross revenue		2,978		3,357
Calculated under Revenue Guidance in Effect before Topic 606 [Member] | Services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure
Disaggregation of revenue
Total gross revenue		5,049		10,198
Calculated under Revenue Guidance in Effect before Topic 606 [Member] | Power purchase agreements
Disaggregation of revenue
Total gross revenue		4,945		9,256
Calculated under Revenue Guidance in Effect before Topic 606 [Member] | Fuel delivered to customers
Disaggregation of revenue
Total gross revenue		3,986		7,477
Calculated under Revenue Guidance in Effect before Topic 606 [Member] | Other
Disaggregation of revenue
Total gross revenue		$ 64		$ 151

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Revenue - Contract balances (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]
Accounts receivable	$ 31,509	$ 15,331
Contract assets	6,246
Contract liabilities	$ 49,088
Calculated under Revenue Guidance in Effect before Topic 606 [Member]
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]
Accounts receivable		15,331
Contract assets		9,316
Contract liabilities		$ 46,777

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Revenue - Changes in contract assets and contract liabilities (Details) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018 USD ($)
Contract assets
Transferred to receivables from contract assets recognized at the beginning of the period	$ (5,502)
Revenue recognized and not billed as of the end of the period	2,432
Net change in contract assets	(3,070)
Contract liabilities
Revenue recognized that was included in the contract liability balance as the beginning of the period	4,608
Increases due to cash received, net of amounts recognized as revenue during the period	(6,919)
Net change in contract liabilities	$ (2,311)

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Revenue - Estimated future revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Disaggregation of revenue
Total estimated future revenue	$ 221,914
Sales of fuel cell systems
Disaggregation of revenue
Total estimated future revenue	13,478
Sale of hydrogen installations and other infrastructure
Disaggregation of revenue
Total estimated future revenue	8,281
Services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure
Disaggregation of revenue
Total estimated future revenue	77,496
Power purchase agreements
Disaggregation of revenue
Total estimated future revenue	$ 122,659
Calculated under Revenue Guidance in Effect before Topic 606 [Member]
Disaggregation of revenue
Total estimated future revenue		$ 260,931
Calculated under Revenue Guidance in Effect before Topic 606 [Member] | Sales of fuel cell systems
Disaggregation of revenue
Total estimated future revenue		26,298
Calculated under Revenue Guidance in Effect before Topic 606 [Member] | Sale of hydrogen installations and other infrastructure
Disaggregation of revenue
Total estimated future revenue		15,512
Calculated under Revenue Guidance in Effect before Topic 606 [Member] | Services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure
Disaggregation of revenue
Total estimated future revenue		89,079
Calculated under Revenue Guidance in Effect before Topic 606 [Member] | Power purchase agreements
Disaggregation of revenue
Total estimated future revenue		$ 130,042

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Revenue - Others (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Jun. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Revenue
Capitalized contract costs	$ 0.1	$ 0.0

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Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018
Income Taxes.
Income tax benefit	$ (2,912)	$ (5,865)

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Fair Value Measurements - Valuation Technique (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017
Equity Instruments
Valuation technique for assets measured and recorded at fair value
Risk-free interest rate (as a percent)		2.36%
Volatility (as a percent)		85.00%
Derivative Liabilities
Valuation technique for assets measured and recorded at fair value
Expected dividend yield (as a percent)	0.00%
Minimum
Valuation technique for assets measured and recorded at fair value
Risk-free interest rate (as a percent)	1.64%	1.01%
Volatility (as a percent)	18.40%	62.00%
Expected average term	4 days	7 months 21 days
Minimum | Equity Instruments
Valuation technique for assets measured and recorded at fair value
Risk-free interest rate (as a percent)	2.72%
Volatility (as a percent)	85.00%
Expected average term	8 years 9 months 4 days	9 years 9 months 4 days
Maximum
Valuation technique for assets measured and recorded at fair value
Risk-free interest rate (as a percent)	2.43%	2.01%
Volatility (as a percent)	81.69%	108.77%
Expected average term	1 year 6 months 11 days	5 years 2 months 23 days
Maximum | Equity Instruments
Valuation technique for assets measured and recorded at fair value
Risk-free interest rate (as a percent)	2.80%
Expected average term	9 years 3 months 18 days	10 years
Convertible Senior Notes
Valuation technique for assets measured and recorded at fair value
Fair value of Convertible Senior Notes	$ 60.6
Convertible Senior Notes | Level 3
Valuation technique for assets measured and recorded at fair value
Volatility (as a percent)	45.00%

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Fair Value Measurements - Level 3 Instruments Reconciliation (Details) - Warrants - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017
Reconciliations of the beginning and ending balances for liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (i.e. Level 3)
Balance at the beginning of the period	$ 4,391	$ 11,387
Change in fair value of common stock warrants	(1,592)	14,576
Issuance of common stock warrants		4,905
Exercise of common stock warrants		(27,089)
Balance at the end of the period	$ 2,799	$ 3,779

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Fair Value Measurements - Fair Value of Warrants (Details)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018 $ / shares
Tranche one of warrants issued with the Amazon.com, Inc transaction agreement
Fair Value
Fair value per warrant	$ 1.15
Tranche two of warrants issued with the Amazon.com, Inc. Transaction Agreement
Fair Value
As of vesting date - second tranche, first installment	2.16
As of period end - second tranche	1.71
Tranche one of warrants issued with the Walmart Stores Inc transaction agreement
Fair Value
Fair value per warrant	1.88
Tranche two of warrants issued with the Walmart Stores, Inc. Transaction Agreement
Fair Value
As of period end - second tranche	$ 1.56

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Commitments and Contingencies - Operating Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017
Operating Leases
Lease Term			6 years
As Lessor
Remainder of 2018	$ 11,875		$ 11,875
2019	23,619		23,619
2020	21,928		21,928
2021	17,336		17,336
2022	9,085		9,085
2023 and Thereafter	8,621		8,621
Total future minimum lease payments	92,464		92,464
As Lessee
Remainder of 2018	7,016		7,016
2019	12,914		12,914
2020	11,612		11,612
2021	7,032		7,032
2022	1,554		1,554
2023 and Thereafter	2,290		2,290
Total future minimum lease payments	42,418		42,418
Rental expense and rental income for all operating leases
Rental expense for all operating lease	3,600	$ 3,400	7,000	$ 6,900
Prepaid rent and security deposit	11,100		11,100		$ 11,300
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Rental expense and rental income for all operating leases
Prepaid rent and security deposit	1,800		1,800		1,800
Other assets
Rental expense and rental income for all operating leases
Prepaid rent and security deposit	$ 9,300		$ 9,300		$ 9,500

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Commitments and Contingencies - Capital Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Restricted Cash
Restricted cash	$ 39,400
Letter of credit	1,000
Capital Leases
Total Payments of future minimum lease payments
2018	25,528
2019	19,930
2020	6,042
2021	6,043
2022	4,296
2023 and Thereafter	11,510
Total future minimum lease payments	73,349
Imputed Interest of future minimum lease payments
2018	3,322
2019	2,403
2020	1,800
2021	1,316
2022	705
2023 and Thereafter	1,021
Total future minimum lease payments: Imputed Interest	10,567
Net Present Value of future minimum lease payments
2018	22,206
2019	17,527
2020	4,242
2021	4,727
2022	3,591
2023 and Thereafter	10,489
Total future minimum lease payments: Net Present Value	62,782
Cash received for future services	9,200	$ 10,400
Long-term debt. | Capital Leases
Sale Leaseback Transaction [Line Items]
Sale-leaseback liability	64,600
Finance obligation
Sale Leaseback Transaction [Line Items]
Sale-leaseback liability	$ 2,200	$ 2,300

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Commitments and Contingencies - Concentrations of Credit Risk (Details)	6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2018 customer item	Jun. 30, 2017 item	Dec. 31, 2017 item
Accounts receivable. | Credit risk
Customer Concentration
Concentration Risk Number of Customers	3		3
Concentration risk (as a percent)	81.50%		59.00%
Revenues. | Customer concentration
Customer Concentration
Concentration Risk Number of Customers	2	2
Concentration risk (as a percent)	66.20%	71.30%