RESPONSE LETTER
MARTHA STEWART LIVING OMNIMEDIA, INC.
June 26, 2006
By Fax (202-772-9202) and
Electronic Submission
David R. Humphrey
Branch Chief-Accountant
Securities and Exchange Commission
450 Fifth Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20549
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Re:
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Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia, Inc. (the “Company”) |
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Form 10-K for the Year Ended December 31, 2005 and |
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Form 8-K furnished on April 25, 2006 |
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File 001-15395 |
Dear Mr. Humphrey:
In a comment letter dated May 8, 2006 (the “Comment Letter”), the staff (the “Staff”) of the
Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) requested certain changes to the Company’s
future filings. We responded to the Comment Letter on May 10, 2006 (the “Response Letter”),
addressing the Staff’s comments and offering to undertake an analysis of companies with which we
compete in order to assess their OIDA and GAAP disclosure and reconciliation. We provided the
results of that analysis in our subsequent response letter dated May 18, 2006 (the “Second Response
Letter”).
We have now received the Staff’s latest comment letter, dated June 13, 2006 (the “Second Comment
Letter”), sent to Howard Hochhauser, Acting Chief Financial Officer of the Company, in response to
our Second Response Letter.
In the Second Comment Letter, the Staff issued the following comment:
We note your response to our prior comment #3. However, we reissue our comment in
full. You eliminate depreciation, amortization, non-cash equity compensation
costs, interest and taxes from net income. You state that you present this
measure because it is used by investors, analysts, and industry peers and because
it makes it easier to compare your results with other companies that have
different capital structures or tax rates. We do not believe that the wide use of
OIDA is a substantive reason specific to you that demonstrates usefulness. The
fact that the non-GAAP measure is used by or useful to analysts, for example,
cannot be the sole support for presenting the non-GAAP financial measures. See
footnote 44 to FR-65. Please tell us why you eliminate depreciation,
amortization, and share-
based payment expenses from this measure, as these items do not relate to your
capital structure or tax rate. Please confirm that you will give equal or greater
prominence in your press releases to the most directly comparable GAAP measure
(net income), revise the title OIDA to indicate clearly that you have adjusted the
measure for non-cash equity compensation costs, and reconcile this measure to net
income rather than operating income. Finally, please tell us and revise
to disclose the substantive reason specific to you that demonstrates the
usefulness to investors of disregarding items eliminated in OIDA when evaluating
your performance, as required by Item 2.02 of Form 8-K and Item 10(e)(1)(i)(C) of
Regulation S-K, or confirm that you will discontinue use of this measure.
This letter serves to respond to the Staff’s comment, providing the Staff with the Company’s
rationale for using OIDA, highlighting why the Company believes that disclosure of that non-GAAP
financial measure is critical to understanding the Company, and confirming our intention to comply
with the Staff’s request regarding future use of OIDA (or its equivalent) and reconciliation of
such measure to net income.
We begin by confirming that we will give equal or greater prominence to the most directly
compatible GAAP measure (net income), and will reconcile our non-GAAP measure to net income rather
than to operating income. We also will comply with the Staff’s request to revise the title “OIDA.”
Our non-GAAP measure has always been, and continues to be, income before interest, taxes,
depreciation, amortization and stock compensation expense. Therefore, we propose changing the
title of our non-GAAP measure from “OIDA” to “EBITDA” in future filings to better illustrate its
components. We also propose disclosure below to explain the use of EBITDA by management, the
importance of EBITDA in understanding our business and its limitations.
In providing an explanation to the Staff for why we consider EBITDA critical to understanding our
company, we refer to the five bullet points identified in the Staff’s answer to Question 8 in the
Staff’s FAQ Regarding the Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures. Our proposed disclosure will reflect
our responses below to each of these five points, which we believe demonstrate the appropriateness
of our use of this measure and the need for its public disclosure:
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The manner in which management uses the non-GAAP measures to conduct or evaluate
its business |
In analyzing the Company’s performance and that of each of its businesses, management separates
the effect of the excluded factors to arrive at a reasonable understanding of current business
performance. Most importantly, EBITDA helps management make critical decisions on how to
allocate Company resources and capital. It is the vigor of our businesses in a
period-to-period comparison that influences these decisions, and EBITDA is the measure we use
for that comparison.
This information is also a primary consideration in determining compensation for our entire
workforce. Our bonus pool for the organization as a whole is calculated as a function of
consolidated EBITDA. In addition, the principal officers of our various businesses are
evaluated on the basis of EBITDA, which affects their respective bonuses.
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The economic substance behind management’s decision to use such a measure |
EBITDA is net income adjusted, in our case, for the costs associated with interest, taxes,
depreciation, amortization and non-cash equity compensation, the cost of which we amortize over
the appropriate period. These items are excluded because each fluctuates independently from
the current performance of our individual businesses.
Specifically, non-cash equity grants made at a certain price and point in time do not reflect
how each of our business units is performing currently. Stockholders should be concerned with
the dilutive effect, if any, of the outstanding option and restricted stock grants and the cost
of that compensation, but also should have the ability to view the operating results of our
businesses as we do, irrespective of these costs. Option expenses vary with the price of our
stock, which reflects our overall organization’s health, but not necessarily the performance of
any particular business. Restricted stock is never “trued up” and represents a cost that may
not be reflective of the current market cost of equity. Therefore, excluding this cost gives
us a clearer view of each of our businesses, and we amortize this cost over time. Excluding
non-cash equity compensation also facilitates our year-over-year analyses and enhances our
ability to compare our results to those of peers with dissimilar compensation policies.
Depreciation is a function of our capital expenditures, while amortization reflects other asset
acquisitions made at a point in time and their associated costs. In analyzing the performance
of our businesses currently, we believe it is sub-optimal to take into account costs or
benefits accruing from historical decisions on infrastructure and capacity. While these
matters do affect the overall financial health of the Company, they are separately evaluated
and relate to historic decisions that do not affect current operations of our businesses.
Interest is a function of the overall organization’s capital structure. No one business line
is responsible for, nor should be burdened with, the associated costs or benefits. In our
case, we actually collect interest income. We do not give any of our four businesses the
“benefit” of this income in evaluating their performance internally.
Taxes are not a factor for our company, as we have had net operating losses historically. We
believe that our carryforward cannot be allocated among our businesses and distorts our
expectations and analysis of performance.
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The material limitations associated with use of the non-GAAP financial measure as
compared to the use of the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure |
A limitation of EBITDA is that it does not reflect the periodic costs of certain
capitalized tangible and intangible assets used in generating revenues for our overall
organization. As discussed above, Management evaluates the costs of such tangible and
intangible assets separately, through other financial measures such as capital
expenditure budgets. Management also evaluates the cost of capitalized tangible and
intangible assets by analyzing projected returns on the capital dollars deployed.
In addition, non-GAAP financial measures may not provide investors with comparable
methodologies for assessing companies. To aid the investor, however, we will provide the
comparable GAAP information and a detailed reconciliation to that GAAP information.
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The manner in which management compensates for these limitations when using the
non-GAAP financial measure |
When evaluating and conducting our overall business, Company management relies on GAAP measures
such as net income as well as EBITDA and the information described above. We use GAAP measures
to assess the overall financial health of the organization, which requires management to
monitor our capital structure and capital expenditures. EBITDA provides additional
information, and disclosing EBITDA enables investors to assess our businesses in the same
manner as management.
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The substantive reasons why management believes the non-GAAP financial measure
provides useful information to investors |
We believe that EBITDA enables investors to see the Company and its current results as
management does, without the influence of those factors which do not directly relate to
operating performance of our businesses, as detailed above. EBITDA helps improve the
investor’s ability to understand the Company’s operating performance, trends related to that
performance, and current management decisions. EBITDA also makes it easier to compare our
results with the results of other companies that have different financing, capital structures,
compensation plans, volatility, or tax rates. We believe it is critical for investors to have
access to the same information used by the Company’s management when making their investment
decisions.
We advise the Staff that we intend to include disclosure in our future filings substantially
similar to the following paragraphs:
“In addition to using net income to assess the organization’s overall financial
health, Company management uses net income before interest, taxes, depreciation,
amortization and non-cash equity compensation
(“EBITDA”), a non-GAAP financial measure, to evaluate the performance of our
businesses on a real-time basis. EBITDA is considered an important indicator of
operational strength, is a direct component of the Company’s annual compensation
program, and is a significant factor in helping our management determine how to
allocate resources and capital. EBITDA is used in addition to and in conjunction
with results presented in accordance with GAAP. Management considers EBITDA to be
a critical measure of operational health because it captures all of the revenue
and ongoing operating expenses of our businesses without the influence of (i)
interest charges, which result from our capital structure, not our ongoing
business efforts, (ii) taxes, which relate to the overall organizational financial
return, not that of any one business, (iii) the capital expenditure costs
associated with depreciation and amortization, which are a function of historical
decisions on infrastructure and capacity, and (iv) the cost of non-cash equity
compensation which, as a function of our stock price, can be highly variable, is
not necessarily an indicator of current operating performance for any individual
business unit, and is amortized over the appropriate period.
EBITDA provides a means to directly evaluate the ability of our business
operations to generate returns on a real-time basis. We provide disclosure of
EBITDA because we believe it is useful for investors to have means to assess our
performance as we do. While EBITDA is a customized non-GAAP measure, it also
provides a means to analyze, value and compare our operating capabilities to those
of companies with whom we compete, many of which have different compensation
plans, depreciation and amortization costs, capital structures and tax burdens.
However, our non-GAAP results may differ from similar measures used by other
companies, even if similar terms are used to identify such measures.
A limitation of EBITDA is that it does not reflect the periodic costs of certain
capitalized tangible and intangible assets used in generating revenues for our
overall organization. Management evaluates the costs of such tangible and
intangible assets through other financial measures such as capital expenditures.
Management also evaluates the cost of capitalized tangible and intangible assets
by analyzing returns provided on the capital dollars deployed. A further
limitation of EBITDA is that it does not include stock compensation expense
related to our workforce. EBITDA should be considered in addition to, and not as
a substitute for, net income or other measures of financial performance reported
in accordance with GAAP.”
Disclosure substantially similar to the above will provide investors additional clarity as to why
EBITDA is critical to our management and how its use enhances understanding of the performance of
our businesses.
Pursuant to Rule 101(a)(3) of Regulation S-T, a copy of this letter shall be submitted in
electronic form under the label “corresp” with a copy to the Staff.
Please feel free to call me at (212) 827-8530 if you have any questions.
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Very truly yours, |
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/s/ Howard Hochhauser |
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Howard Hochhauser |
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Acting C.F.O. |
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cc:
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John R. Cuti, Esq. |
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Juan Migone, Securities and Exchange Commission |
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Lyn Shenk, Securities and Exchange Commission |
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Stuart Barr, Esq. |
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William Stern, Esq. |