Fair Value Measurements (Notes)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Accounting guidance establishes a three-level hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements, based on the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date, as follows:


•	Level 1 – inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.


•	Level 2 – inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.


•	Level 3 – inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

Financial Assets and Liabilities

The Company has estimated the fair value of its financial instruments as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 using available market information or other appropriate valuation methodologies. Considerable judgment, however, is required in interpreting market data to develop the estimates of fair value. Accordingly, the estimates presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company would realize in a current market exchange.

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, payables and other current assets and liabilities approximate fair value because of the short maturity of those instruments.

A portion of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2017 were invested in money market funds. The money market funds were valued at the closing price reported by the fund sponsor from an actively traded exchange which approximated fair value. The money market funds potentially subjected the Company to concentration of credit risk. The amount invested within any one financial instrument did not exceed $300 million as of December 31, 2017. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, there were no significant concentrations of financial instruments in a single investee, industry or geographic location.

Financial instruments accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis are presented in the table below.



	June 30, 2018				December 31, 2017
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 1		Level 2
Assets
Money market funds	$	—	$	—	$	291	$	—

Liabilities
Cross-currency derivative instruments	$	—	$	78	$	—	$	25

A summary of the carrying value and fair value of debt as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 is as follows:



	June 30, 2018				December 31, 2017
	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
Senior notes and debentures	$	63,081	$	62,010	$	60,844	$	63,443
Credit facilities	$	9,036	$	9,099	$	9,387	$	9,440

The estimated fair value of the Company’s senior notes and debentures as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 is based on quoted market prices in active markets and is classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy, while the estimated fair value of the Company’s credit facilities is based on quoted market prices in inactive markets and is classified within Level 2.

Nonfinancial Assets and Liabilities

The Company’s nonfinancial assets such as equity-method investments, franchises, property, plant, and equipment, and other intangible assets are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis; however, they are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances, such as when there is evidence that an impairment may exist. No material impairments were recorded during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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